Agilent N9340A Handheld Spectrum Analyzer User’s Guide !"
Notices © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2007-2008 No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws. Manual Part Number N9340-90001 Edition Second Edition, May 2008 Printed in China Agilent Technologies, Inc.
Contents 1 Overview Introduction 2 Front Panel Overview 4 Top Panel Overview 5 Display Annotations 6 Instrument Markings 2 7 Getting Started Checking the Shipment and Order List Safety Considerations Power Requirements AC Power Cords 10 11 13 14 Working with Batteries 16 Powering on the Analyzer for the First Time 18 Preparation for Use 19 Making a Basic Measurement 21 Contacting Agilent Technologies 3 26 System Setting Visual and Audio Adjustment 28 System Setting 29 File 32 Sho
Reducing Input Attenuation 47 Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy Making Distortion Measurements 52 53 One-button Power Measurement 59 Making a Stimulus Response Transmission Measurement Measuring Stop Band Attenuation of a Low-pass Filter Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement 63 65 67 Measuring Return Loss Using the Reflection Calibration Routine Making an Average Power Measurement 71 5 Key Reference Amplitude MODE 78 81 BW/SWP ENTER 89 95 ESC/CLR 96 Frequency Marker 97 99
INSTrument Subsystem 134 MEASure Subsystem 135 SENSe Subsystem 139 SYSTem Subsystem TRACe Subsystem 149 150 Tracking Generator Subsystem 151 TRIGer Subsystem UNIT Subsystem 7 8 162 BW/SWP 163 164 MARKER 165 MEAS 166 SPAN 167 168 TRACE Limit 158 Menu Map AMPTD SYS 156 Error Messages Error Message List FREQ 155 169 170 Documentation Conventions: 1. A pair of curly brackets { } indicates a softkey, for example {Start} refers to the Start softkey. 2.
Agilent N9340A Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 1 Overview Agilent Technologies 1
1 Overview Introduction The Agilent N9340A is a handheld spectrum analyzer with a frequency range from 100 kHz to 3 GHz, tunable to 9 kHz. The analyzer provides ultimate measurement flexibility in a ruggedized package for demanding field use and is convenient for mobile applications. Functionality The Agilent N9340A provides you with a comprehensive functionality set and measurement convenience, including: 1 Pass/Fail judgement User definable limit lines for quick and easy Pass/Fail measurements.
Overview 1 Optimized Usability The Agilent N9340A handheld spectrum analyzer provides enhanced usability: • The 7.2- inch sunlight viewable screen ( 640 × 480 pixels) enables you to read the scans easily and clearly in sun light. • An arc- shaped handle and rugged rubber casing ensure a comfortable and firm hold to withstand tough environments. • One- button measurement function provides easy, fast access to several measurements, including power.
1 Overview Front Panel Overview 14 12 13 N9340A 100 kHz - 3.
Overview 1 Top Panel Overview 8 9 7 50 VDC MAX 33 dBm (2 W) MAX EXT TRIG IN/ EXT REF IN RF INPUT 50 RF OUT 50 Ext. Power Charging PC 12-18 VDC 80 W MAX 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Caption Function External DC power connector Provides input for the DC power source via an AC-DC adapter, or Automotive type DC adapter.
1 Overview Display Annotations 13 14 1 12 2 15:44:03 03,10,08 3 4 11 5 6 6 7 8 10 9 Description Associated Function Key 1 Time and Date [SYS] > {Setting} > {General} 2 Reference Level [AMPTD] 3 Amplitude Scale [AMPTD] 4 Detector Mode [TRACE] > {More} > {Detector} 5 Center Frequency [FREQ] > {Center Freq} 6 Resolution Bandwidth [BW/SWP] > {RBW} 7 Display Status Line Displays status and error messages.
Overview 1 Instrument Markings The CE mark shows that the product complies with all relevant European Legal Directives (If accompanied by a year, it signifies when the design was proven). The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association. N10149 ISM1-A The C- Tick mark is a registered trademark of the Australian Spectrum Management Agency.
1 8 Overview N9340A User’s Guide
Agilent N9340A Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 2 Getting Started Information on checking the analyzer when received, Preparation for use, basic instrument use, familiarity with controls, defining preset conditions, updating firmware, and contacting Agilent Technologies.
1 Getting Started Checking the Shipment and Order List Check the shipment and order list when you receive the shipment. • Inspect the shipping container for damages. Signs of damage may include a dented or torn shipping container or cushioning material that indicates signs of unusual stress or compacting.
Getting Started 1 Safety Considerations Agilent has designed and tested the N9340A handheld spectrum analyzer for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use in accordance with Safety Requirements IEC 61010- 1: 2001, UL 61010- 1 (2004), and CSA C22.2 No.61010- 1- 04. The tester is supplied in a safe condition. The N9340A is also designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 61010 and IEC 60664 respectively.
1 Getting Started WA RN ING WA RN ING Always use the three-pin AC power cord supplied with this product. Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause personal injury and product damage. Danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace only with the same type recommended. Do NOT dispose of batteries in a fire. Do NOT place batteries in the trash. Batteries must be recycled or disposed of properly.
Getting Started 1 Power Requirements The AC power supplied to the instrument must meet the following requirements: Voltage: 100 VAC to 240 VAC Frequency: 50 Hz to 60 Hz Power: Maximum 62 W The AC/DC power supply charger adapter supplied with the analyzer is equipped with a three- wire power cord, in accordance with international safety standards. This power cord grounds the analyzer cabinet when it is connected to an appropriate power line outlet.
1 Getting Started AC Power Cords Plug Type Cable Part Number 8121-1703 Plug a Description BS 1363/A For use in Country & Region Option 900 United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia 250V 10A 8120-0696 AS 3112:2000 Option 901 Australia, New Zealand 250V 10A 8120-1692 IEC 83 C4 Option 902 Continental Europe, Korea, Indonesia, Italy, Russia 250V 16A 8120-1521 125V 10A 8120-2296 CNS 10917-2 Option 903 /NEMA 5-15P Unite States, Canada, Taiwan, Mexico SEV 1011 Option 906 Switzerland 250V 10A 812
Getting Started 1 Environmental Requirements The N9340A is designed for use under the following conditions: • Operating temperature: –10°C to +50 °C (with battery) 0°C to +40 °C (with adapter) • Storage temperature: –40 °C to +70 °C • Humidity: 95% or less • Altitude: 9200 m Electrical Requirements The analyzer allows the use of either a lithium battery pack (internal), AC- DC adapter shipped with the analyzer, or optional Automotive +12VDC adapter for its power supply.
1 Getting Started Working with Batteries Always use the original battery type, as supplied with the analyzer. Installing a Battery Step Notes 1 Open the battery cover Use a phillips type screwdriver, loosen the retaining screw, then pull the battery cover open. 2 Insert the battery Observe correct battery polarity orientation when installing. 3 Close the battery cover Push the cover closed, then re-fasten the cover with the retaining screw.
Getting Started 1 Charging a Battery Only charge the battery when it is installed in the analyzer. Fully charge the battery before first using the analyzer. This typically takes about four hours. 1 Install the battery in the analyzer. 2 Attach the AC- DC adapter and switch on external power. 3 The charge indicator lights, indicating that the battery is charging. When the battery is fully charged, the green charging indicator turns off.
1 Getting Started Powering on the Analyzer for the First Time The N9340A is fitted with a transflective screen, which is viewable under all lighting conditions. In bright lighting conditions, the display is brighter and easier to read when you allow light to fall directly on the screen. CAU CAU TI O- N Use only the original AC-DC adapter or originally supplied battery for the power source. The maximum RF input level of an average continuous power is 33 dBm (or +50 VDC signal input).
Getting Started 1 Preparation for Use Use the [SYS] hardkey to check or access the system settings of your analyzer. Setting up your N9340A 1 Press [SYS] > {Setting} > {General} to set the time and power saving mode: • Press {Time/Date} to set the time and date for your analyzer.
1 Getting Started Checking Instrument Information 1 Press [SYS] > {More} > {Show System} to display the system information. 2 Press [SYS] > {More} > {Option} to display the option information. 3 Press [SYS] > {More} > {Show Error} to display the error information.
Getting Started 1 Making a Basic Measurement This section provides information on basic analyzer operations. It assumes that you are familiar with the front and top panel buttons and keys, and display annotations of your analyzer. If you are not, please refer to “Front Panel Overview" on page 4 and “Top Panel Overview" on page 5, and “Display Annotations" on page 6 For more information on making measurements, please refer to “Making Measurements" on page 41”.
1 Getting Started Viewing a Signal on the Analyzer 1 Using an RF signal generator to provide a CW signal of 1.0 GHz, at a power level of 0.0 dBm. 2 Press [SYS] > {More} > {Preset} and select Default to toggle the preset settings to default, factory- defined status. 3 Press the green [Preset] key to restore the analyzer measurement settings to factory defaults. 4 Connect the RF OUT of the generator to the analyzer’s RF IN connector.
Getting Started 1 Some Helpful Tips Performing a time-base calibration The N9340A provides a manual calibration function to calibrate the time base. The analyzer should warm up for approximately 30 minutes before calibration. Use a BNC cable to connect a 10 MHz reference signal to the EXT TRIG IN connector of your N9340A, then press [SYS] > {More (2 of 3)} > {Calibration} > {Time Base} to initiate a calibration. Selecting a preset type The N9340A has two Preset options.
1 Getting Started 2 Press [SYS] > {More} > {Preset} > {Save User} to save the current parameters as the user preset setting. 3 Press [SYS] > {More} > {Preset} (User) to set the preset mode to user defined system setting. Saving Multiple Test Setups Test Setups that are unique and are necessary to recall frequently can be saved as an Instrument State, File Type. Other File Types are described on “File Types" on page 32.
Getting Started 1 Upgrading Firmware CAU CAU TI O- N When updating firmware, there must be a constant power supplied to the instrument for at least 10 minutes. If power fails during the updating process it can cause damage to the instrument. The N9340A allows firmware updating quickly and easily.
1 Getting Started Contacting Agilent Technologies Agilent has Sales and Service Offices around the world to provide you with complete support. Go to http://www.agilent.com/find/assist, for help with: • product selection, configuration, and purchases. • technical and application assistance, and consulting. • rental and leasing options, and refurbished equipment. • repair, calibration, education and training. If you do not have access to the internet, call the appropriate number shown below.
Agilent N9340A Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 3 System Setting Information on System Settings, File types, Saving a file, Quick save a Trace/Screen, Instrument Default settings.
4 System Setting Visual and Audio Adjustment Quick Display Adjustment The analyzer provides you a quick adjustment for both brightness and contrast. Press [SYS] > {Display} to toggle the screen display status between Normal and Light. Manual Display Adjustment Adjusting Brightness Press [SYS] > {Brightness} then rotate the knob to adjust the screen brightness. Adjusting Contrast Press [SYS] > {Contrast} then rotate the knob to adjust the screen contrast.
System Setting 4 System Setting Includes general system settings, displayed language setting, and external input setting. General system settings Provides the following system setting options: Time/Date Press [SYS] > {Setting} > {General} > {Time/Date} to set the date and time of the analyzer. The analyzer requires you to input the time in a HHMMSS format, and the date in a YYYYMMDD format.
4 System Setting Ext Input NO TE The external Ref and Trig functions cannot be used simultaneously. Toggles the channel for external input between Ref and Trig. Ref refers to an external 10 MHz reference signal. Trig refers to an external TTL signal. Key Access: [SYS] > {Setting} > {Ext Input} External Reference (Ref) Use the external reference function as follows: 1 Input a 10 MHz signal to the EXT TRIG IN/REF IN connector.
System Setting 4 Quick saving or loading a system setup Quick saving a setup Press [SYS] > {Setting} > {Save Setup} to save the current system settings. This does not include the test parameters, such as, Frequency, BW, and Amplitude settings. Refer to “File Types" on page 32 for more information about file types. NO TE This quick saving utility of the system state is the same as the system state saving utility under the [SYS] > {File}.
4 System Setting File Pressing [SYS] > {File} accesses a menu that allows you to manage file saving and loading. NO TE A USB memory stick of FAT32 or FAT16 format and with only one memory zone is required when using a USB memory stick for file saving and loading. File Types Each file type has a specific purpose as defined below. Pressing [SYS] > {File} > {File Setup} > {File type} allows the user to select a file type from one of the following: • Trace (*.
System Setting 4 Saving Path Pressing [SYS] > {File} > {File Setup} > {Save Path} allows you to select a path from one of the following: • Local memory • External USB memory stick Saving a file NO TE When selecting a file type, you can edit a file name by pressing the numeric and alphabetic hardkeys on the right side of the analyzer’s front panel. Refer to the following three steps to save a file: 1 Press [SYS] > {File} > {File setup} to select the save path and file type. 2 Edit a file name.
4 System Setting Quick saving a trace or a screen Pressing [ESC/CLR] > [Save] allows the user to quickly save a trace or a screen to either the local memory or an external USB device. For more information about file setup, refer to “File Types" on page 32 and “Saving Path" on page 33. Three steps for saving a trace or a screen: 1 Press [SYS] > {File} > {File Setup} > {Shortcut Type} to indicate the shortcut type to either a trace or a screen copy.
System Setting 4 Deleting a file CAU CAU TI O- N BE Once a file is deleted, it CANNOT be recovered. Carefully decide whether to delete a file(s) before proceeding. 1 Press [SYS] > {File} > {View} to select a directory. 2 Press [SYS] > {File} > {File setup} > {File type} to select a file type. 3 Rotate the knob to highlight a file. 4 Press {Delete} to delete a selected file. Loading a file NO TE A screen file (*.JPG) cannot be loaded onto the analyzer.
4 System Setting Show System Displays the following hardware, software and battery information of your analyzer: Machine Model Battery Info MCU Firmware Version Name DSP Firmware Version Serial NO.
System Setting 4 Show Error Accesses a list of the 30 most recent error messages as reported by the analyzer. The most recent error appears at the bottom of the list. If the error list is longer than 30 entries, the analyzer reports an error message [–350, Query overflow]. When in remote control, and the error list is greater than 30 entries, the error display is halted and a message at the bottom of the list informs the user that errors exceed 30.
4 System Setting Perform a Time Base Calibration When the calibration function is triggered, the current measurement is interrupted and a gauge displays on the LCD. The gauge indicates calibration action rather than calibration course, as the calibration time is unpredictable. When the calibration is finished, the LCD displays a calibration, and the interrupted measurement restarts. NO TE Time base calibration takes only a short time when the inner temperature is stable.
System Setting 4 Factory Default Settings Parameter Center Frequency Start Frequency Stop Frequency Span Reference Level Attenuation Scale/DIV Scale Type RBW VBW Average Type Sweep time Sweep Mode Trace 1 Trace 2 Trace 3 Trace 4 Trace 1 Detection Trace 2 Detection Trace 3 Detection Trace 4 Detection Trace Average Marker File Type Save Path Mode External Input type Default Setting 1.5 GHz 0.0 Hz 3.0 GHz 3.0 GHz 0.
4 40 System Setting N9340A User’s Guide
Agilent N9340A Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 4 Making Measurements !" 41
4 Making Measurements Measuring Multiple Signals This section provides information on measuring multiple signals. Comparing Signals on the Same Screen The N9340A can easily compare frequency and amplitude signal differences. For example, measuring radio or television signal spectra. The Delta Marker function allows two signals to be compared when both appear on the screen at the same time.
Making Measurements 4 6 Move the second marker to another signal peak using the front panel knob or by using the {Peak Search} softkey. In this example the next peak is 100MHz, a harmonic of the 50MHz signal: • Press [MARKER] > {Peak Search} > {Next Right PK} or {Next Left PK}. NO TE To increase marker reading resolution, turn on the frequency count function.
4 Making Measurements Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude In this example a decrease in resolution bandwidth is used in combination with a decrease in video bandwidth to resolve two signals of equal amplitude with a frequency separation of 100 kHz. Note that the final RBW selected is the same width as the signal separation while the VBW is slightly narrower than the RBW. 1 Connect two sources to the analyzer input as shown below.
Making Measurements 4 Use the knob or the arrow keys to further reduce the resolution bandwidth and better resolve the signals. As you decrease the resolution bandwidth, you improve the resolution of the individual signals and it also increases the sweep timing. For faster measurement times, use the widest possible resolution bandwidth. Under factory preset conditions, the resolution bandwidth is coupled to the span.
4 Making Measurements Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals This example uses narrow resolution bandwidths to resolve two input signals with a frequency separation of 50 kHz and an amplitude difference of 60 dB. 1 Connect two sources to the analyzer input connector as shown in Figure 3 on page 44. 2 Set one source to 300 MHz at –10 dBm. Set the other source to 300.05 MHz at –70 dBm. 3 Set the analyzer as follows: • Press [PRESET] • Press [FREQ] > {Center Freq} > 300.
Making Measurements 4 Measuring a Low-Level Signal This section provides information on measuring low- level signals and distinguishing them from spectrum noise. There are four main useful techniques to measure a low- level signal: Reducing Input Attenuation The ability to measure a low- level signal is limited by the internally generated noise in the spectrum analyzer. The input attenuator affects the level of a signal passing through the analyzer.
4 Making Measurements 5 Reduce the span to 1 MHz, and if necessary, re- center the peak. • Press [SPAN] > [1] > {MHz}. 6 Set the attenuation to 20 dB. Note that increasing the attenuation moves the noise floor closer to the signal level. • Press [AMPTD] > {Attenuation} > 20 > {dB}. Figure 7 A signal closer to the noise level (Atten: 20 dB) 7 Press [AMPTD] > Attenuation > 0 > {dB} to set the attenuation to 0 dB.
Making Measurements 4 Decreasing the Resolution Bandwidth Resolution bandwidth settings affect the level of internal noise without affecting the amplitude level of continuous wave (CW) signals. Decreasing the RBW by a decade reduces the noise floor by 10 dB. 1 Refer to “Reducing Input Attenuation" on page 47, and follow steps 1, 2 and 3.
4 Making Measurements Using the Average Detector and Increased Sweep Time The analyzer’s noise floor response may mask low- level signals. Selecting the instruments averaging detector and increasing the sweep time will smooth the noise and improves the signal’s visibility. Slower sweep times are necessary to average noise variations. 1 Refer to “Reducing Input Attenuation" on page 47, and follow steps 1, 2 and 3. 2 Press [TRACE] > {More (1 of 2)} > {Detector} > {Average} to select the average detector.
Making Measurements 4 Trace Averaging Averaging is a digital process in which each sweeps trace point is averaged with the previous sweeps data average for the same trace point. Selecting averaging, when the analyzer is auto coupled, changes the detection mode to sample, smoothing the displayed noise level. NO TE This is a trace processing function and is not the same as using the average detector (as described on page 50).
4 Making Measurements Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy Using the frequency counter to improve frequency resolution and accuracy. NO TE Marker count will properly function only on CW signals or discrete spectral components. The marker must be > 40 dB above the displayed noise level. 1 Press [PRESET]. (Factory Preset) 2 Input a signal (1 GHz, –30 dBm) to the analyzer’s RF IN connector.
Making Measurements 4 Making Distortion Measurements This section provides information on measuring and identifying signal distortion. Identifying Analyzer Generated Distortion High level input signals may cause analyzer distortion products that could mask the real distortion present on the measured signal. Use trace and the RF attenuator to determine which signals, if any, may be internally generated distortion products.
4 Making Measurements 3 Change the center frequency to the value of the second (400MHz) harmonic: • Press [MARKER] > {Peak Search}. • Press [MARKER] > {Marker To} > {To Center}. 4 Change the span to 50 MHz and re- center the signal: • Press [SPAN] > 50 > {MHz}. • Press [MARKER] > {Peak Search}. 5 Set the attenuation to 0 dB: • Press [AMPTD] > {Attenuation} > 0 > {dB}. • Press [MARKER] > {Marker To} > {To Ref}.
Making Measurements 4 Figure 14 Identifying Analyzer Distortion (O dB atten) 8 Press [AMPTD] > {Attenuation} > 10 > {dB} to increase the RF attenuation to 10 dB. Figure 15 Identifying Analyzer Distortion (10 dB atten) The marker amplitude readout comes from two sources: • Increased input attenuation causes poorer signal- to- noise ratio. This causes the marker delta value to be positive.
4 Making Measurements Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion Two- tone, third- order intermodulation (TOI) distortion is a common test in communication systems. When two signals are present in a non- linear system, they may interact and create third- order intermodulation distortion products that are located close to the original signals. System components such as amplifiers and mixers generate these distortion products. In this example we test a device for third- order intermodulation using markers.
Making Measurements NO TE 4 The coupler used should have a high isolation between the two input ports to limit the source intermodulation. 2 Set one source (signal generator) to 300 MHz and the other source to 301 MHz. This will define the frequency separation at 1 MHz. Set both sources equal in amplitude, as measured by the analyzer. In this example, they are both set to –5 dBm. 3 Set the analyzer center frequency and span: • Press [PRESET].
4 Making Measurements • Press [MARKER] > {Peak Search} > {Next Left (Right) Peak}. 9 Measure the difference between this test signal and the second distortion product. • Press [Marker] > {Normal}. • Press [MARKER] > {Peak Search} > {Next Left (Right) Peak}.
Making Measurements 4 One-button Power Measurement The N9340A provides one- button measurement functionality on OBW (Occupied Band Width), Channel Power and ACPR (Adjacent Channel Power Ratio) as an easy- to- use access for these measurements. Measuring OBW Occupied Bandwidth (OBW) integrates the power of the spectrum in the displayed green frame. The measurement defaults to 99% of the occupied bandwidth power. Occupied bandwidth measurements are made in either single or continuous sweep mode.
4 Making Measurements Measuring ACPR The adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) measures the power ratio between the main channel power and the adjacent channel power. Center Frequency Sets the center frequency of the main channel power. Key Access: [MEAS] > {ACPR} > {Center Freq} Main Channel Specifies the range of integration used in calculating the power in the main channel. Use the knob, the arrow keys, or the numeric keypad to set the bandwidth.
Making Measurements 4 Measuring Channel Power Measures the power and power spectral density in the channel bandwidth specified. One pair of vertical lines of the displayed green frame indicates the edges of the channel bandwidth. The center frequency, reference level, and channel bandwidth must be set by the user. The power calculation method used to determine the channel power is a traditional method known as the integration bandwidth (IBW) method.
4 Making Measurements Channel Bandwidth Sets the analyzer span for the channel power measurement using the knob, the arrow keys or the numeric keypad. Be sure the span is set between 1 and 10 times the integration bandwidth.
Making Measurements 4 Making a Stimulus Response Transmission Measurement The procedure below describes how to use a built- in tracking generator to measure the rejection of a low pass filter, a type of transmission measurement. 1 To measure the rejection of a low pass filter, connect the equipment as shown below. A 370 MHz low- pass filter is used as a DUT in this example. Figure 17 Transmission Measurement Test Setup DUT N9340A 100 kH z - 3.
4 Making Measurements 5 Press [Sweep] > {Sweep Time (Auto)} to put the sweep time into stimulus response auto coupled mode. 6 Increase measurement sensitivity and smooth the noise: Press [BW/SWP]> {RBW} >30 > {kHz} Press [BW/SWP] > {VBW} > 30 > {kHz} A decrease in the displayed amplitude is caused by tracking error. 7 Connect the cable from the tracking generator output to the analyzer input.
Making Measurements 4 Measuring Stop Band Attenuation of a Low-pass Filter When measuring filter characteristics, it is useful to look at the stimulus response over a wide frequency range. Setting the analyzer x- axis (frequency) to display logarithmically provides this function. The following example uses the tracking generator to measure the stop band attenuation of a 370 MHz low- pass filter. 1 Connect the DUT as shown in Figure 16.
4 Making Measurements Press [MEAS] > {Normalize} > {Store Ref} (1-> 4) > {Normalize (On)} 8 Reconnect the DUT to the analyzer. Note that the units of the reference level have changed to dB, indicating that this is now a relative measurement.
Making Measurements 4 Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement The following procedure makes a reflection measurement using a coupler or directional bridge to measure the return loss of a filter. This example uses a 370 MHz low- pass filter as the DUT. The calibration standard for reflection measurements is usually a short circuit connected at the reference plane (the point at which the device under test (DUT) is connected.) See Figure 19.
4 Making Measurements 2 Connect the tracking generator output of the analyzer to the directional bridge or coupler. 3 Connect the analyzer input to the coupled port of the directional bridge or coupler. 4 Press [Preset] to perform a factory preset. 5 Turn on the tracking generator and if necessary, set the output power to –10 dBm: Press [Mode] > {Track Generator} > {Amplitude (On)} > –10 > {dBm} CAU CAU TI O- N Excessive signal input may damage the DUT.
Making Measurements 4 Figure 21 Short Circuit Normalized N9340A User’s Guide 69
4 Making Measurements Measuring Return Loss Using the Reflection Calibration Routine This procedure uses the reflection calibration routine in the previous procedure “Making a Reflection Calibration Measurement" on page 67, to calculate the return loss of the 370 MHz low- pass filter. 1 After calibrating the system with the above procedure, reconnect the filter in place of the short (cal device) without changing any analyzer settings. 2 Use the marker to read the return loss.
Making Measurements 4 Making an Average Power Measurement Average power measurements provide a key metric in transmitter performance. Base station transmit power must be set accurately to achieve optimal coverage in wireless networks. If the transmit power is set too high due to inaccurate power measurements, undesired interference can occur. If the transmit power is set too low, coverage gaps or holes may occur.
4 Making Measurements NO TE NO TE If you suspect other signals may be present, it is recommended that you turn off all the other channels and measure average power only on the signal of interest. Another option is to measure channel power (which is less accurate), that filters out all other channels (signals). You can measure channel power for CDMA using the CDMA Analyzer or CDMA Over Air tool.
Making Measurements 4 To Make a Basic Average Power Measurement You can follow the steps below to make a basic average power measurement. 1 Press [Preset] to perform a factory preset. 2 Press [Mode] > {Power Meter} to turn on the power meter. 3 Zero and calibrate the meter. Press {Zero} and then {Calibration} in sequence or press {Zero+Cal} to make a Zero operation of the power sensor followed by the Calibration operation.
4 Making Measurements Setting Power Meter Resolution You can choose from four levels of Power Meter resolution. Higher resolutions provide more accuracy but slow the measurement speed. 1 Press [Preset] to perform a factory preset. 2 Press [Mode] > {Power Meter} to turn on the power meter. 3 Press {Meas Disp} > {Resolution}. Select 1,2,3 or 4. The four options resolution settings are as follows: • [1] = 1 • [2] = 0.1 • [3] = 0.01 • [4] = 0.
Making Measurements 4 predefined upper or lower amplitude limit. 1 Press [Preset] to perform a factory preset. 2 Press [Mode] > {Power Meter} to turn on the power meter. 3 Press {Meas Setup} > {Limits} to access the limits menu. 4 Press {Limits} to activate the limits function. Each time the softkey is pressed, the selected option changes. 5 Press {Upper Limits} and enter the high limit value using the numeric keypad. Then press {dBm} to complete the setup.
4 76 Making Measurements N9340A User’s Guide
Agilent N9340A Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 5 Key Reference This Chapter provides descriptions of the Instrument hardkeys and softkey menu functionality, key access to softkey sub- menus, and instrument parameter control options. Additional reference information is provided in the Menu Maps section.
5 Key Reference Amplitude Key access: [AMPTD] Activates the reference level function and accesses the associated softkeys to set functions that affect the way data on the vertical axis is displayed or corrected. Ref level Key access: [AMPTD] > {Ref level} Activates the reference level function. The reference level is the amplitude power or voltage represented by the top graticule on the display.
Key Reference 5 Preamp Key access: [AMPTD] > {Preamp} Toggles the internal preamp between On and Off. Preamp results in a correction being applied to compensate for the gain of the preamp at 20 dBm so that amplitude readings show the actual value at the input connector. NO TE When the preamp is on, a PA indication appears on the left side of the display. The preamp is set to on in frequency bands from 1 MHz to 3 GHz, otherwise the correction is not applied even though the PA indication still appears.
5 Key Reference Ref Offset Key access: [AMPTD] > {Ref Offset} Adds an offset value, which ranges from - 327.6 dB to +327.6 dB, to the displayed reference level. NO TE Reference-level offsets may only be entered using the numeric keypad. Entering an offset does not affect the trace or the attenuation value. Reference- level offsets are used when gain or loss occurs between a device under test and the analyzer input.
Key Reference 5 MODE Activates the sofkey menus to select the measurement mode of your analyzer. The measurement modes are: • Spectrum Analyzer • Tracking Generator • Power Meter • Demodulation Analysis (Option N9340A- AMA) activated by License Key. Spectrum Analyzer Key access: [MODE] > {Spectrum Analyzer} Select the spectrum analyzer mode, and press [ENTER] to make the spectrum analysis and measurement.
5 Key Reference CAU CAU TI O- N Power-level sensitive devices connected to the tracking generator output may be accidentally damaged. This is because the actual source amplitude will be greater than the amplitude indicated on the analyzer, when the power sweep function is being used. The source amplitude value is used as the starting amplitude for a power sweep.
Key Reference 5 Store reference trace before turning on Normalize(On) is displayed in the status line, however Normalize has been activated. • Normalize Normalize(On) activates the normalize function. On each sweep, the normalized trace (Trace 4) is subtracted from Trace 1 and the result is added to the normalized reference level.
5 Key Reference such as an amplifier. Now replace the thru line with the device under test, and an accurate measurement of the gain or loss can be made. • Norm Ref Lvl Sets the level (in dB) of the normalized reference. • Norm Ref Posn Offsets the displayed trace without affecting the instrument gain or attenuation settings. This allows the displayed trace to be moved without decreasing the measurement accuracy. • Ref Trace Allows you to view or blank the reference trace on the display.
Key Reference 5 • Zero Make a Zero operation of the power sensor. • Calibration Make a Calibration operation of the power sensor. The U2000 Series USB Power Sensors have their sensor calibration tables stored in non- volatile memory which means that the reference calibration factor is automatically loaded during the power- on sequence. • Zero+Cal A Zero operation of the power sensor will happen first, followed by a Calibration operation.
5 Key Reference • Disp Mode Changes the display mode between Meter and Chart. The default mode is Meter. • Chart View Accesses the Chart View submenu. This softkey is disabled when a measurement is in progress or if the display mode is set to Meter. This submenu is used to view the measurement chart. • Home View the first 21 points of current measurement chart. • End View the last 21 points of current measurement chart. • Prev View the previous point of the chart. • Next View the next point of the chart.
Key Reference 5 measuring range for the measurement. When auto ranging is OFF, the power sensor remains in the current range and may be manually set by the user. • Range Selects the Lower or Upper power ranges when the Auto Range is Off. • Limits Accesses the Limits submenu. • Limits Enables or disables the limit function. • Upper Limit Sets the upper test limit value for the current measurement. The units used are dependent on the current setting of power unit.
5 Key Reference • Average Accesses the Average submenu. • Average Enables or disables the Averaging function. • Avg Count Sets the filter length and average count values to be Auto or Manual. The power sensor automatically sets the number of readings averaged together to satisfy most power measurements averaging requirements. The number of averaged readings depends on the resolution and the power level settings the power sensor is currently using. • Step Detect Enables or disables step detection.
Key Reference 5 BW/SWP Activates the bandwidth function and accesses the softkey menus to control resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth and sweep time. RBW Key access: [BW/SWP] > {RBW} Changes the 3 dB resolution bandwidth on the analyzer from 30 Hz to 1 MHz in a 1, 3, 10 sequence using the knob, step keys or the numeric keypad. NO TE If an unavailable bandwidth is entered using the numeric keypad, the closest available bandwidth in the 1, 3, 10 sequence is used.
5 Key Reference As the video bandwidth is decreased, the sweep time is increased to maintain amplitude calibration. A “#”mark appears next to RBW on the display when it is not coupled. Key access: [BW/SWP] VBW/RBW Key access: [BW/SWP] > {VBW/RBW} Selects the ratio between the video and resolution bandwidths. If signal responses near the noise level are visually masked by the noise, the ratio can be set to less than 1 to lower the noise. The knob and step keys change the ratio in a 1, 3, 10 sequence.
Key Reference 5 Pwr Key access: [BW/SWP] > {Avg Type} > {Power} Converts the scale from logarithmic to linear power units, and then averages the power trace data. With the average type set to Pwr, “PAvg” appears on the left side of the display. Voltage Key access: [BW/SWP] > {Avg Type} > {Voltage} Averages the data as appropriate for the linearly scaled y- axis scale. With the average type set to Voltage, “VAvg” appears on the left side of the display.
5 Key Reference Sweep Time Key access: [BW/SWP] Selects the sweep time for the analyzer to tune across the displayed frequency span (or, in zero span, the time the analyzer takes to sweep the full screen). Inputs may be made using the knob, the arrow keys, or numeric keypad. NO TE Reducing the sweep time increases the sweep rate. In non-zero spans: When the sweep time is auto- coupled, the analyzer selects the optimum (shortest) sweep time ranging from 10 ms to 1000 s.
Key Reference 5 In FFT Mode In FFT mode, the sweep time default is auto- coupled. The submenu, sweep time, is invalid in FFT mode. Sweep Key access: [BW/SWP] > {Sweep} Activates the sweep mode function and accesses the softkey submenus to select the trace sweep functions. Sweep Toggles the analyzer between the continuous sweep mode and the single sweep mode. • Sweep (Single) Puts the analyzer in a single sweep mode. In this mode, pressing [BW/SWP] > {Single Sweep} enables a sweep.
5 Key Reference • Fast Activates the fast sweep mode. Fast sweep mode provides a fast measurement function that decreases the sweep time. Using Fast Sweep will decrease the measurement accuracy. Key access: [BW/SWP] > {Sweep} > {Sweep Mode} NO TE Fast sweep is valid only if the span is not less than 50 MHz. Measurement data is not guaranteed in fast sweep mode.
Key Reference 5 ENTER Hardkey function: • Terminates data entry and enters into the analyzer numerical values keyed from numeric keypad on the front panel. • Terminates filename entries.
5 Key Reference ESC/CLR This hardkey selection performs two functions: Clear • Clears any numeric entry and cancels the active function. • Clears any title entry and cause the title to revert to the previous name. • Clears input or output overloads. • Clears error messages from the status line along the bottom of the display. Association with other functions Provides a permitted setting for triggering other functions such as: • Activates the LIMIT function for pass/fail judgements.
Key Reference 5 Frequency Activates the center frequency function, and accesses the menu of frequency functions. The center frequency, or start and stop frequency values appear below the graticule on the display. NO TE When changing both the center frequency and the span, change the frequency first since the span can be limited by the frequency value.
5 Key Reference CF Step Key access: [FREQ] > {CF Step} Changes the step size for the center frequency function. Once a step size has been selected and the center frequency function is activated, the arrow keys change the center frequency by the step- size value. The step size function is useful for finding harmonics and sidebands beyond the current frequency span of the analyzer. When auto- coupled, the center size is set to one division (10 percent of the span).
Key Reference 5 Marker Accesses the marker control softkeys to select the type and number of markers. Markers are diamond- shaped characters that identify points of traces. Up to six pairs of markers may appear on the display simultaneously; only one pair can be controlled at a time. The marker that is controlled is called the “active” marker. Pressing [MARKER] activates the Normal menu key. Marker Selects one of the six possible markers.
5 Key Reference Delta Activates a second marker at the position of the first marker. (If no marker is present, two markers appear at the center of the display). The amplitude and frequency (or time) of the first marker is fixed. The marker number is indicated above the delta marker, and the same number is indicated with an R (for example, 1R) above the reference marker. Use the data controls to position the delta marker.
Key Reference 5 Peak Search Places a marker on the highest peak based on the setting of the Search Criteria as follows: • Peak Places a marker on the highest peak. Key access: [MARKER] > {Peak Search} • Next LF Peak Moves the marker to the next peak to the left of the current marker. The signal peak must exceed the peak threshold value by the peak excursion value. If there is no peak to the left, the marker will not move and the No Peak Found error message will appear on the display.
5 Key Reference Marker To Accesses the following marker function menu keys: • To Center Sets the center frequency of the analyzer to the marker frequency. In Delta mode, pressing [Marker] > {Marker To} > {To Center} sets the center frequency to the marker delta value. This function is not available in zero span. NO TE When the frequency scale is in log mode, the center frequency is not at the center of the display.
Key Reference 5 • Noise Activates a noise readout mode for evaluating power density. NO TE The Noise mode operates only on noise peaks and is not supported when Marker Delta is selected. Key access: [MARKER] > {More} > {Mode} Marker Trace Activates a marker on the trace if there are no markers turned on. If a marker is currently active, press Marker Trace until 1, 2, 3, or 4 is underlined. The active marker will be moved to the selected trace.
5 Key Reference Meas Hardkey menu access. When in Spectrum Analysis mode, pressing [Meas] accesses the softkey menu for the power measurement suite which includes, adjacent channel power, occupied bandwidth, and channel power. Refer to “One- button Power Measurement" on page 59 for more information about these measurements.
Key Reference 5 Span Hardkey menu access. Accesses the softkey submenu of span functions. Pressing [SPAN] allows you to change the frequency range. The frequency- span readout describes the total displayed frequency range. To determine the frequency span per horizontal graticule division (when in linear frequency scale type), divide the frequency span by 10. Span Enter a frequency span range value. Key access: [SPAN] > {Span} Full Changes the span to the full frequency range of the analyzer.
5 Key Reference Trace Accesses the trace softkeys to store and manipulate trace information. Each trace is made of a series of data points in which amplitude information is stored. The analyzer updates the data for any active trace with each successive sweep. When selecting Channel Power, OBW, or ACPR in the MEAS menu, refer to “One- button Power Measurement" on page 59. Trace Selects the trace (1- 4) for current use.
Key Reference 5 Minimum Hold Maintains the displayed minimum level for each trace point of the selected trace, and updates each trace point if a new minimum level is detected in successive sweeps. NO TE Changing the vertical scale (Amplitude, Scale Type, Log or Line), or pressing PRESET, or turning averaging on (TRACE, Average (On)) or switching widows in Zero Span restarts the held trace. Key access: [TRACE] > {Min Hold} View Holds the currently displayed measured data of the selected trace.
5 Key Reference a single point of trace data based on the detector mode. The interval during which data for that trace point is being collected is referred to as the “bucket”. Thus, a trace is more than a series of single points. It is actually a series of trace “buckets”. The data may be sampled many times within each bucket. With the detector set to Auto, pressing [TRACE] > {More (1 of 2)} > {Average} > {On} changes the detector.
Key Reference 5 • Pos Peak Obtains the maximum video signal between the last display point and the present display point. This value is stored in memory. It is used primarily when measuring sinusoidal (spectral) components. When Positive Peak is selected, “P” appears in the upper- left corner. Key access: [TRACE] > {More (1 of 2)} > {Pos Peak} • Sample Primarily used to display noise (or noise- like) signals. It should not be used to measure the accurate amplitude of non- noise- like signals.
5 Key Reference The average is restarted when any of the following occurs: • A new average number is entered. • Any related parameter (for example, center frequency) is changed. Press Average (Off) to turn off averaging. The number of sweeps can only be set using the numeric keypad. The knob or arrow keys are not functional when in Average mode. Key access: [TRACE] > {More (1 of 2)} > {Average} Save Trace Saves a current trace into a file (*.DAT).
Key Reference 5 Limit Limit Line Activates an adjustable horizontal line that is used as a visual reference line. The limit line, used for trace arithmetic, has amplitude values that correspond to its vertical position when compared to the reference level. The value of the display limit line appears in both the active function block and on the left side of the display. The arrow keys, knob, or numeric keypad may be used to adjust the displayed limit line.
5 Key Reference Beep Turns the Beep feature on or off. When on, it sounds an alarm as an indicator of a measurement limit failure. Key access: [Limit] Save Pattern Saves the parameters of the current limit pattern in a file (*.PTN). Enter the user defined filename using the numeric keypad and press [ENTER] as a terminator. Number, alpha characters and underline are all valid components of a filename.
Agilent N9340A Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 6 SCPI Command Reference This chapter contains basic information on using SCPI commands to control the analyzer.
6 SCPI Command Reference SCPI Language Basics Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) is an ASCII- based instrument command language designed for test and measurement instruments, with the goal of reducing automatic test equipment (ATE) program development time. SCPI accomplishes this goal by providing a consistent programming environment for instrument control and data usage.
SCPI Command Reference 6 Basic Knowledge Requirement Programming with SCPI requires knowledge of: • Computer programming languages, such as C or C++. • The language of your instrument. A N9340A employs SCPI as its programming language. Command Categories SCPI commands fall into two categories: • Subsystem commands • Common commands Use a computer to control the signal generator (but operate the line power switch manually).
6 SCPI Command Reference Standard Notations A command consists of mnemonics (keywords), parameters and punctuation. Before you start to program your analyzer, familiarize yourself with the standard notation of each of them. Keywords Many commands have both a long and a short form: use either one. (a combination of the two is not allowed).
SCPI Command Reference 6 Separator • A colon “:” separates keywords of different hiberarchy. • A space separates a keyword and a parameter, as well as a parameter and a unit. Default unit of parameters The analyzer has the following default units for numeric variables. Parameter Default unit Frequency Hz Absolute amplitude dBm Time s If you are using the default unit in a command, you can leave out the unit. For example, if you are setting the center frequency to 800 MHz of ACPR measurement.
6 SCPI Command Reference Common Commands These commands are specified in IEEE Standard 488.2- 1992, IEEE Standard Codes, Formats, Protocols and Common Commands for Use with ANSI/IEEE Std 488.1- 1987. New York, NY, 1992. Clear Status *CLS This command clears the error queue of the analyzer. Identification Query *IDN? This command returns an instrument identification information string. The response is organized into four fields by commas.
SCPI Command Reference 6 CALCulate Subsystem This subsystem is used to perform post- acquisition data processing. In effect, the collection of new data triggers the CALCulate subsystem. This subsystem is further divided into two subsections: limits and markers which are the primary functions in this subsystem. Limit Line Subsection An N9340A allows you to define a limit line for your measurement. You can then have the instrument compare the data to your defined limit and indicate a pass/fail condition.
6 SCPI Command Reference Control Limit line Buzzer :CALCulate:LLINe[1]:BUZZer[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 :CALCulate:LLINe[1]:BUZZer[:STATe]? This command toggles the audio warning between on and off. If data exceeds the limit line the buzzer will sound an alarm. *RST state: Off Key access: [Limit] > {Beep} Control Limit Line Testing :CALCulate:LLINe[1]:[STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 :CALCulate:LLINe[1]:[STATe]? This command toggles the limit line testing between on and off.
SCPI Command Reference 6 Control Limit Pattern Testing :CALCulate:LLINe[1]:PATTern[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 :CALCulate:LLINe[1]:PATTern[:STATe]? This command toggles the usage of limit pattern between on and off. If the limit pattern is turned on, the limit line is automatically turned off.
6 SCPI Command Reference Define Limit Pattern Values :CALCulate:LLINe[1]:DATA ,{,,} :CALCulate:LLINe[1]:DATA? This command defines limit pattern values, and deletes all existing data. The N9340A allows you to set as many as four points to compose the limit pattern by connecting them together. can be a frequency or time axis.
SCPI Command Reference 6 CALCulate:MARKer Subsection Markers All Off on All Traces :CALCulate:MARKer:AOFF This command turns off all markers on all traces. Key access: [Marker] > {More} > {All Off} Markers All On :CALCulate:MARKer:ALL This command turns on all the markers and places them on the six highest peaks.
6 SCPI Command Reference Marker Function :CALCulate:MARKer[1]|2|3|4|5|6:FUNCtion FCOunt|NOISe|OFF :CALCulate:MARKer[1]|2|3|4|5|6:FUNCtion? This command selects the marker function for the designated marker. FCOunt refers to the frequency counter function. NOISe refers to the noise measurement function. OFF refers to turning off all functions.
SCPI Command Reference 6 Marker Mode :CALCulate:MARKer[1]|2|3|4|5|6:MODE POSition|DELTa|OFF :CALCulate:MARKer[1]|2|3|4|5|6:MODE? This command sets the markers to the following mode: • Position Selects a normal marker that can be positioned on a trace and from which trace information will be generated. • Delta Activates a pair of markers, one of which is fixed at the current marker location. The other marker can then be moved around on the trace.
6 SCPI Command Reference Set reference level to the marker value :CALCulate:MARKer[1]|2|3|4|5|6[:SET]:RLEVel This command sets the reference level to the specified marker amplitude. In delta marker mode, the reference level is set to the amplitude difference between the markers. Key access: [Marker] > {Marker To} > {To Ref} Marker On/Off :CALCulate:MARKer[1]|2|3|4|5|6:STATe OFF|ON|0|1 :CALCulate:MARKer[1]|2|3|4|5|6:STATe? This command toggles the selected marker status between on and off.
SCPI Command Reference 6 Marker readout: X Value :CALCulate:MARKer[1]|2|3|4|5|6:X :CALCulate:MARKer[1]|2|3|4|5|6:X? This command positions the designated marker on its assigned trace at the specified trace X value. The value is in the X- axis units, which can be frequency or time. The query returns the current X value of the designated marker. *RST state: Matches the units of the trace on which the marker is positioned.
6 SCPI Command Reference DEMOdulation Subsystem These sub tree commands are used to control the demodulation after the measurement has been loaded by[:SENSe]:FREQuency:SPAN:ZERO AM Demodulation :DEMod:AM:STATe OFF|ON|0|1 :DEMod:AM:STATe? This command toggles the AM demodulation function between on and off. *RST state: Off Key access: [Span] > {Demode} > {AM (On)} FM Demodulation :DEMod:FM:STATe OFF|ON|0|1 :DEMod:FM:STATe? This command toggles the FM demodulation function between on and off.
SCPI Command Reference 6 DISPlay Subsystem The DISPlay subsystem controls the selection and presentation of textual, graphical, and trace information. Within a display, information may be separated into individual windows. Turn the Entire Display On/Off :DISPlay:ENABle OFF|ON|0|1 This command turns the display on or off. Having the display turned off may increase the repetitive measurement rate.
6 SCPI Command Reference Trace Y-Axis Reference Level :DISPlay:WINDow:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel :DISPlay:WINDow:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel? This command sets the amplitude value of the reference level for the Y- Axis. *RST value: 0.00 dBm Range: –120.
SCPI Command Reference 6 Vertical Axis Scaling :DISPlay:WINDow:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:SPACing LINear|LOGarithmic :DISPlay:WINDow:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:SPACing? Toggles the vertical graticule divisions between logarithmic or linear units. The default logarithmic unit is dBm, and the linear unit is mV. *RST State: Log Key Access: [AMPTD] > {Scale Type} Display Mode :DISPlay:MODE DARK|LIGHt :DISPlay:MODE? This command quick sets the screen brightness and contrast mode according to the lighting condition.
6 SCPI Command Reference Contrast :DISPlay:MODE:CONTrast :DISPlay:MODE:CONTrast? This command adjusts the contrast of the current screen display. *RST Value: 55 Range: 0 to 100 Key Access: [SYS] > {Contrast} Brightness :DISPlay:MODE:BRIGhtness :DISPlay:MODE:BRIGhtness? This command adjusts the brightness of the current screen display. Setting brightness to 0 turns off the backlight of the LCD screen.
SCPI Command Reference 6 INITiate Subsystem The INITiate subsystem is used to control the initiation of the trigger. Refer to the TRIGger subsystem for related commands. Continuous or Single Sweep :INITiate:CONTinuous OFF|ON|0|1 :INITiate:CONTinuous? Toggles the continuous sweep between on and off. • When the On (1) parameter is selected, the continuous sweep is enabled. • When the Off (0) parameter is selected, the continuous sweep is disabled and single sweep is enabled.
6 SCPI Command Reference INSTrument Subsystem This subsystem includes commands for querying and selecting the instrument measurement mode. Select One button measurement :INSTrument:MEASure OFF|CHPower|ACPR|OBW :INSTrument:MEASure? Selects the one- button measurement among channel power, adjacent channel power ratio, and occupied bandwidth. Use this command to select a power measurement first, then use other commands to set the parameters of this power measurement.
SCPI Command Reference 6 MEASure Subsystem Provides programming information for the keys associated with the measurements available when you press the front- panel Measure key. OBW Subsection Setting Percentage (%) method of OBW :MEASure:OBW:PERCent :MEASure:OBW:PERCent? Edits the percentage of signal power used when determining the occupied bandwidth. Press {%} to set the percentage ranging from 10.00% to 99.99%.
6 SCPI Command Reference ACPR Subsection Center Freq :MEASure:ACPR:CENTer :MEASure:ACPR:CENTer? Sets the center frequency of the main channel power. Main channel :MEASure:ACPR:MAIN :MEASure:ACPR:MAIN? Specifies the range of integration used in calculating the power in the main channel. Use the knob and the arrow keys to set the bandwidth.
SCPI Command Reference 6 Low Adjacent Channel Power :MEASure:ACPR:LPOWer? Returns the lower adjacent channel power of the ACPR measurement. Upper Adjacent Channel Power :MEASure:ACPR:UPOWer? Returns the upper adjacent channel power of the ACPR measurement. Low Adjacent Channel Power Ratio :MEASure:ACPR:LRATio? Returns the lower adjacent channel power to main channel power ratio.
6 SCPI Command Reference Channel Power Subsection Center Freq :MEASure:CHPower:CENTer :MEASure:CHPower:CENTer? Sets the center frequency of the display. Int BW :MEASure:CHPower:IBW :MEASure:CHPower:IBW? Specifies the integration bandwidth ranging from 100 Hz to 3 GHz to calculate the power. Channel Span :MEASure:CHPower:SPAN :MEASure:CHPower:SPAN? Sets the analyzer span for the channel power measurement. Be sure the span is set between 1 and 10 times the integration bandwidth.
SCPI Command Reference 6 SENSe Subsystem Sets the instrument parameters for the input signal measurements. [:SENSe]:AVERage Subsection Average Type [:SENSe]:AVERage:TYPE LOGPower|POWer|VOLTage [:SENSe]:AVERage:TYPE? This command sets the average type to the following three types: • Log Pwr • Power • Voltage For more information about the three types of average refer to “Avg Type" on page 90.
6 SCPI Command Reference Turn Averaging On/Off [:SENSe]:AVERage:TRACe 1|2|3|4|5|6[:STATe] OFF|ON|0|1 [:SENSe]:AVERage:TRACe 1|2|3|4|5|6[:STATe]? This command toggles averaging between off and on. Averaging combines the value of successive measurements to average out measurement variations.
SCPI Command Reference 6 [:SENSe]:BANDwidth Subsection Resolution Bandwidth [:SENSe]:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution] [:SENSe]:BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]? This command specifies the resolution bandwidth.
6 SCPI Command Reference Video Bandwidth Automatic [:SENSe]:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo:AUTO OFF|ON|0|1 [:SENSe]:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo:AUTO? This command couples the video bandwidth to the resolution bandwidth. *RST State: On Key Access: [BW/SWP] > {VBW} Video to Resolution Bandwidth Ratio [:SENSe]:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo:RATio [:SENSe]:BANDwidth|BWIDth:VIDeo:RATio? This command specifies the ratio of the video bandwidth to the resolution bandwidth. *RST Value: 1.00 Range: 0.
SCPI Command Reference 6 [:SENSe]:DETector Subsection Automatic Detection Type Selected [:SENSe]:DETector:TRACe[1]|2|3|4 AUTO OFF|ON|0|1 [:SENSe]:DETector:TRACe[1]|2|3|4 AUTO? This command switches automatically to the optimum detection type for typical measurements using the current instrument settings. The detector type is average if any of these are on: • Noise marker • Band power markers • Trace averaging when the Average Type is Power (RMS).
6 SCPI Command Reference Types of Detection [:SENSe]:DETector:TRACe[1]|2|3|4 [FUNCtion] AVERage|POSitive|SAMPle| NEGative|NORMal [:SENSe]:DETector:TRACe[1]|2|3|4 [FUNCtion]? This command specifies the detection mode. For each trace interval (bucket), average detection displays the average of all the samples within the interval. The averaging can be done using two methods: • The power method (RMS) • The video method (Y Axis Units) The method is controlled by the TRACE, Detector.
SCPI Command Reference 6 Center Frequency Step Size [:SENSe]:FREQuency:CENTer:STEP[:INCRement] [:SENSe]:FREQuency:CENTer:STEP[:INCRement]? This command specifies the center frequency step size. *RST Value: 300 MHz Available unit: Hz, kHz, MHz, GHz Key Access: [FREQ] > {CF Step} Frequency Span [:SENSe]:FREQuency:SPAN [:SENSe]:FREQuency:SPAN? This sets the frequency span. Setting the span to 0 Hz puts the analyzer into zero span. *RST Value: 3.
6 SCPI Command Reference Last Frequency Span [:SENSe]:FREQuency:SPAN:PREVious This command sets the frequency span to the previous span setting. Key Access: [SPAN] > {Last Span} Start Frequency [:SENSe]:FREQuency:STARt [:SENSe]:FREQuency:STARt? This command sets the start frequency. *RST Value: 0 Hz Available Unit: Hz, kHz, MHz, GHz Key Access: [SPAN] > {Start Freq} Stop Frequency [:SENSe]:FREQuency:STOP [:SENSe]:FREQuency:STOP? This command sets the stop frequency.
SCPI Command Reference 6 [:SENSe]:POWer Subsection Input Attenuation [:SENSe]:POWer[:RF]:ATTenuation [:SENSe]:POWer[:RF]:ATTenuation? This command sets the value of the attenuator. *RST Value: 20 dB Range: 0 dB to 51 dB Available unit: dB Key Access: [AMPTD] > {Attenuation} Input Port Attenuator Auto [:SENSe]:POWer[:RF]:ATTenuation:AUTO OFF|ON|0|1 [:SENSe]:POWer[:RF]:ATTenuation:AUTO? This command selects the input port attenuator range to be set either automatically or manually.
6 SCPI Command Reference SWEep Subsection Sweep Time [:SENSe]:SWEep:TIME
SCPI Command Reference 6 SYSTem Subsystem This subsystem is used to set the controls and parameters associated with the overall system settings. These functions are not related to instrument performance. Ext Input :SYSTem:CONFigure:PORT REF|TRIGger :SYSTem:CONFigure:PORT? This command toggles the channel for external input between Ref and Trig. Key access: [SYS] > {Setting} > {Ext input} Date Query :SYSTem:DATE? This query returns the date of the real- time clock of the analyzer.
6 SCPI Command Reference TRACe Subsystem The TRACe subsystem controls access to the internal trace memory of the analyzer. Select Trace Display Mode :TRACe[1]|2|3|4:MODE WRITe|MAXHole|MINHole|VIEW|BLANk :TRACe[1]|2|3|4:MODE? This command selects the display mode as follows: • Write Puts the trace in the normal mode, updating the data. • Maximum Hold Displays the highest measured trace value for all the data that has been measured since the function was turned on.
SCPI Command Reference 6 Tracking Generator Subsystem The tracking generator subsystem controls the use of the tracking generator function of the analyzer. State :TGENerator:AMPLitude:STATe OFF|ON|0|1 :TGENerator:AMPLitude:STATe? This command toggles the state of the tracking generator between on and off. Setting it to the ON state enables the tracking generator mode. *RST State: OFF Key Access: 1 Press [MODE] to enable the tracking generator mode.
6 SCPI Command Reference Amplitude Step :TGENerator:AMPLitude:STEP :TGENerator:AMPLitude:STEP? This command sets the amplitude step size of the tracking generator output. This command is valid after the tracking generator is enabled. *RST State: 1 dB Range: 1 to 10 dB Min. Increment 1 dB Available unit: dB Key Access: {Amptd Step} Amplitude Offset :TGENerator:AMPLitude:OFFSet This command sets the amplitude offset of the tracking generator output.
SCPI Command Reference 6 Normalization :TGENerator:NORMalize:STATe OFF|ON|0|1 :TGENerator:NORMalize:STATe? This command toggles the normalization between on and off. *RST State: OFF Key Access: {Normalize} > {Normalize} (On/Off) Normalization Reference Level :TGENerator:NORMalize:LEVel :TGENerator:NORMalize:LEVel? This command sets the normalization level. *RST State: 0.00 dB Range: –327.6 to 327.60 dB Min. Increment 0.
6 SCPI Command Reference Reference Trace :TGENerator:NORMalize:TRACe VIEW|BLANk :TGENerator:NORMalize:TRACe? This command toggles the reference trace display between VIEW and BLANk. VIEW means to hold and display the amplitude data of the selected trace. If a trace is deactivated by pressing Blank, the stored trace data can be retrieved by pressing View. BLANk means to store the amplitude data for the selected trace and removes it from the display.
SCPI Command Reference 6 TRIGer Subsystem Trigger subsystem is only valid when the analyzer is in zero span. External Trigger Slope :TRIGer[:SEQuence]:EXTernal:SLOPe POSitive|NEGative :TRIGer[:SEQuence]:EXTernal:SLOPe? The external trigger signal must be a TTL signal at 0 V to 5 V. This function controls the trigger polarity (for positive or negative- going signals).
6 SCPI Command Reference UNIT Subsystem Selects a power unit for measurement. :UNIT:POWer DBM|DBMV|DBUV|V|W :UNIT:POWer? This command specifies the amplitude units for the input, output, and display.
Agilent N9340A Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 7 Error Messages This chapter contains Error Message information and definitions used by the analyzer.
7 Error Messages Error Message List NO TE A symbol [F] at the beginning of an error message indicates this is an error caused by manual front panel operation. A symbol [R] at the beginning of an error message indicates this is an error caused by remote control mode. Error CodeError Message Description 0 No error –410 Query INTERRUPTED Indicates that a condition causing an INTERRUPTED query occurred (see IEEE 488.2, 6.3.2.
Error Messages 7 Error CodeError Message Description –200 Execution error This is a generic execution error for devices that cannot detect more specific errors. The code indicates an execution error defined in IEEE 488.2, 11.5.1.1.4 has occurred. –171 Invalid expression Indicates the data element was invalid, for example, unmatched parentheses, or an illegal character. –144 Character data too long Indicates the character data contained more than 12 characters. (see IEEE 488.2, 7.7.1.
7 Error Messages Error CodeError Message Description 153 RF EEPROM operate fail Indicates an error when writing an alignment file. 152 Alignment file oversize Indicates the alignment file has an error or invalid data. 151 DSP boot fail Indicates the analyzer cannot process the measurement currently. Wait for the analyzer to reboot. If the analyzer is frozen, try to restart the analyzer. 150 Mixer overload Indicates the first mixer is in danger.
Agilent N9340A Handheld Spectrum Analyzer 8 Menu Map . This chapter contains Menu Maps that visually present the menus and submenus that are accessed by pressing the Hardkeys and Softkey menu selections in the instrument. This is a quick reference guide for the experienced user.
8 Menu Map AMPTD Amplitude Ref level Attenuation Auto Man Preamp Off On Scale/DIV 1 dB/DIV Scale Type Log Lin 2 dB/DIV Ref Offset 10 dB/DIV Y Axis Unit 5 dB/DIV dBm dBmV dBuV W V Return 162 N9340A User’s Guide
Menu Map 8 BW/SWP BW/SWP RBW Auto Man VBW Auto Man VBW/RBW Auto Man Avg Type Auto Sweep Time Auto Man Log Pwr Sweep Voltage Single Sweep Power Return Sweep Single Cont Sweep Mode Normal Fast Return N9340A User’s Guide 163
8 Menu Map FREQ Freq Center Freq Start Freq Stop Freq CF Step Auto Man 164 N9340A User’s Guide
Menu Map 8 MARKER Marker Marker 123456 Normal Delta Peak Next Left PK Next Right PK Auto Search Off On Off Peak Search Marker To To Center More 1 of 2 Return Mode Marker Trace All Off To Ref Normal Freq Count Noise Return More 2 of 2 Trace 1 Trace 2 Trace 3 Trace 4 Return N9340A User’s Guide 165
8 Menu Map MEAS Page Up Page Down Return MEAS Measure Off Spectrum Mask OBW ACPR Channel Power Method Percent dBc % dBc Return Center Freq Main Channel Adj Channel Channel Space Return Center Freq Int BW Channel BW Return MODE Mode Spectrum Analyzer Tracking Generator Power Meter 166 N9340A User’s Guide
Menu Map 8 SPAN SPAN Span Full Span Zero Span AM Off On FM Off On Speaker Vol Last Span * Demod * Trigger Free Run Video Ext Rise Ext Fall Return * The two menus enable when zero span.
8 Menu Map SYS System General Language Display Normal Light Brightness Contrast Setting Screen Save File More 1 of 3 Ext Input Trig Ref Save Setup Recall Setup Return Disk Local USB Copy Delete Save Time/Date Color Mode Power Manager Return English Chinese Return Load default User State Return Load Now Show System Show Error Calibration Preset More 2 of 3 Diagnostic Option Upgrade More 3 of 3 168 Page up Page down Return File Type Save Path Page up Page down Return Backlight LCD Backlight+LCD R
Menu Map 8 TRACE Trace Trace 1234 Clear Write Max Hold Min Hold View Blank More 1 of 2 Auto Normal Detector Auto Man Average Off On Save Trace Average Pos Peak Sample Neg Peak Return Save As Recall Trace More 2 of 2 N9340A User’s Guide Page Up Page Down Return 169
8 Menu Map Limit Limit Limit Line Off On Limit Pattern Off On Set Pattern Point 1 Limit Type Upper Lower Point 2 Beep Off On Save Pattern Recall Pattern Point 3 Point 4 X Axis Unit Freq Time Return Page Up Page Down Return 170 N9340A User’s Guide
Index A M ACPR, measuring, 60 Adding Option, 25 Amplitude, 78 Attenuation, 78 Average Power Measurement, 71 Avg Type, 90 Battery, 16 Battery, charging, 17 Marker, 99 Marker Delta, 100 Marker To, 102 Measurement state, filetype, saving and recalling, 31 Measurement State, test parameters, 31 Measuring ACPR, 60 Measuring OBW, 59 Measuring, ACPR, 60 Measuring, Channel Power, 61 C P CF Step, 98 Checking SYS Info, 20 Peak Search, 101 Power Manager, 29 Power Meter, display range, 74 Power Meter, limit det
Testing Pixel, 19 Time Base Calibration, 38 TOI Distortion, Viewing, 56 Top Panel, 5 Trace, 106 Trace, saving a, 34 Tracking Generator, 63 V VBW, 89 View Multi-signals, 42 Viewing Close Signals, 43 Viewing Small Signal, 46 W WEEE, 7 Y Y Axis Units, 80 172
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