4411-0039-CE Version 6.
©Copyright 2003-2006 Princeton Instruments, a division of Roper Scientific, Inc. 3660 Quakerbridge Rd Trenton, NJ 08619 TEL: 800-874-9789 / 609-587-9797 FAX: 609-587-1970 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the written permission of Princeton Instruments, a division of Roper Scientific, Inc. ("Princeton Instruments"). Printed in the United States of America. IPLab is a trademark of Scanalytics, Inc.
Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction........................................................................................ 9 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 9 MicroMAX System Components ....................................................................................... 9 About this Manual ............................................................................................................
iv MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Chapter 6 Advanced Topics............................................................................. 73 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 73 Standard Timing Modes.................................................................................................... 74 Frame Transfer Operation............................................................................
Table of Contents v Programmable Interface.................................................................................................. 132 A/D Converter................................................................................................................. 132 Computer Requirements ................................................................................................. 132 Miscellaneous ................................................................................................
vi MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Figures Figure 1. MicroMAX Cameras and Controller.................................................................. 9 Figure 2. Power Switch Location (ST-133A and ST-133B)........................................... 18 Figure 3. ST-133 Rear Panel Callouts ............................................................................. 19 Figure 4. Shutter Compensation Times ........................................................................... 22 Figure 5.
Table of Contents vii Figure 49. Free Run Mode Timing Diagram ................................................................... 95 Figure 50. Setup using to Trigger an Event....................................................... 95 Figure 51. Timing for Experiment Setup shown in Figure 50 ......................................... 95 Figure 52. Timing Diagram for Typical IEC Measurement ............................................ 97 Figure 53. Setup for IEC Experiment with Two Lasers ...................
viii MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Table 7. Approximate Readout Time for the Frame-Transfer CCD Array...................... 63 Table 8. Approximate Readout Time for the Interline CCD Arrays................................ 67 Table 9. Readout Rates for PI 1300 × 1030 Array at 1 MHz .......................................... 67 Table 10. Well Capacity for some CCD Arrays .............................................................. 70 Table 11. Detector Timing Modes .............................
Chapter 1 Introduction Introduction The Princeton Instruments MicroMAX system is a high-speed, low-noise CCD camera system designed for demanding imaging applications and is an optimal system for use in fluorescence microscopy applications such as high-resolution immunofluorescence, FISH or GFP imaging. The MicroMAX system incorporates a compact camera head, cooled CCD, advanced exposure-control timing, video output, and sophisticated readout capabilities.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Camera Introduction: The function of the camera is to collect very low intensity light and convert the energy into a quantitative, electronic signal (photo-electrons) over a two dimensional space. To do this, light from the subject is focused onto a CCD array, which accumulates photoelectrons for the exposure time. At the end of the exposure time, the image thus formed is read out.
Chapter 1 Introduction 11 The standard MicroMAX Controller enables both high-speed and high-precision readout capabilities. It can collect 16-bit images at a readout rate of up to 1 million pixels per second (1 MHz) in the high-speed mode or at 100 thousand pixels per second (100 kHz) in the optional precision mode (16-bit). Switching between the two modes is under software control for total experiment automation.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C About this Manual Manual Organization This manual provides the user with all the information needed to install a MicroMAX camera and place it in operation. Topics covered include a detailed description of the camera, installation, cleaning, specifications and more. Notes: 1. The general identifier "ST-133" is used for both the ST-133A Controller and the ST-133B Controller. Where there is a difference, the specific identifier is used. 2.
Chapter 1 Introduction 13 Appendix E, USB 2.0 Limitations covers the currently known limitations associated with operating under the USB 2.0 interface. Declarations of Conformity contains the Declaration of Conformity for 1 MHz (includes 100 kHz/1MHz) MicroMAX systems. Warranty and Service provides warranty and customer support contact information.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Precautions To prevent permanently damaging the system, please observe the following precautions: • Always switch off and unplug the ST-133 Controller before changing your system configuration in any way. • Never remove the camera’s front window, as it is necessary to maintain vacuum (or to maintain a dry nitrogen environment). • The CCD array is very sensitive to static electricity. Touching the CCD can destroy it.
Chapter 2 System Component Descriptions MicroMAX Camera CCD Array: MicroMAX offers a choice of CCD technologies to improve quantum efficiency (QE) and blue/green sensitivity. Arrays are available in full-frame, interline, and frame-transfer formats. Thinned, back-illuminated devices have a higher QE across the entire visible spectrum and far superior sensitivity in the blue/ green region than front-illuminated CCDs.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C forced air. CCD temperature is controlled and monitored by via the host computer and the ST-133 Controller. Shutter: Rectangular head cameras are available with an internal 25 mm shutter. A shutter drive signal is available at the Remote shutter connector on the rear of the ST-133 Controller or on the rear of the camera. Electronics: The camera electronics enclosure contains the preamplifier and array driver board.
Chapter 2 System Component Descriptions 17 The fan is designed for low-vibration and does not adversely affect the image. For the fan to function properly, free circulation must be maintained between the rear of the camera and the laboratory atmosphere. Shutter: In imaging applications an adapter is mounted to the camera and then the lens, either C-mount or F-mount, is mounted to the adapter.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C ST-133 Controller Electronics: The Model ST-133 is a compact, high performance CCD Camera Controller for operation with Princeton Instruments cameras. Designed for high speed and high performance image acquisition, the ST-133 offers data transfer at speeds up to 5 Megapixel per second, standard video output for focusing and alignment. A variety of A/D converters are available to meet different speed and resolution requirements.
Chapter 2 WARNING System Component Descriptions 19 Always turn the power off at the Controller before connecting or disconnecting any cable that interconnects the camera and controller or serious damage to the CCD may result. This damage is NOT covered by the manufacturer’s warranty. 1 USB 2.0 16 11 2 8 3 SHUTTER CONTROL 4 12 9 AUX TTL IN/OUT 5 9 6 REMOTE l SETTING O 13 ~ 120Vac 8 7 10 14 LEFT: FUSES: RIGHT: 0.75A - T 100 - 120V ~ 3.50A - T 1.25 A - T 220 - 240 V ~1.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C The descriptions of the rear panel connectors are keyed to the accompanying figure. Depending on your system, either the TAXI or the USB 2.0 Interface Control Module will be installed in the second from the left slot (as you face the rear of the ST-133). In Figure 3, the TAXI module is shown in that position. # Feature 1.
Chapter 2 System Component Descriptions # 21 Feature 10. Serial COM Connector: Provides two-way serial communication between the controller and the host computer. Uses TAXI protocol. Contact the factory if an application requires use of the optional fiber-optic data link to increase the maximum allowable distance between the camera and the computer. 11. Fan: Cools the controller electronics. Runs continuously when the controller is turned on. Do not block the side vents or the fan exhaust port. 12.
WARNING MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Selecting the wrong shutter setting will result in improper functioning of the shutter and may cause premature shutter failure. texp Shutter tR NOTSCAN tc texp = Exposure Time tR = Readout Time tc = Shutter Compensation Time Shutter Type Compensation Time NONE 200 nsec Electronic 6.0 msec Remote (Roper Scientific 23 mm, External, 8.0 msec typically a slit shutter) Small (Roper Scientific 25 mm, Internal) 8.
Chapter 2 System Component Descriptions 23 Cables Detector-Controller: 1 MHz or 100kHz/1MHz systems. The standard 10' cable (6050-0321) has DB-25 Male connectors with slide-latch locking hardware. This cable interconnects the Detector connector on the rear of the ST-133 with the Detector connector on the back of the MicroMAX camera. The Detector-Controller cable is also available in 6', 15', 20', and 30' lengths.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C PVCAM is the standard software interface for cooled CCD cameras from Roper Scientific. It is a library of functions that can be used to control and acquire data from the camera when a custom application is being written. For example, in the case of Windows, PVCAM is a dynamic link library (DLL). Also, it should be understood that PVCAM is solely for camera control and image acquisition, not for image processing.
Chapter 3 Installation Overview The list and diagrams below briefly describe the sequence of actions required to hookup your system and prepare to gather data. Refer to the indicated references for more detailed information. This list assumes that the application software is Princeton Instruments WinView/32. Action Reference 1. If the system components have not already been unpacked, unpack them and inspect their carton(s) and the system components for intransit damage. Store the packing materials.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Action Reference 13. Turn on the computer and begin running the WinX application. WinView/32 manual 14. Run the Camera Detection wizard or load the defaults from the controller. Chapter 5 Operation, page 40, 48, or 53 WinView/32 or WinSpec/32 manual 15. Set the target array temperature. Chapter 5 Operation, page 48, 53, or 58 16. When the system reaches temperature lock, begin acquiring data in focus mode. Chapter 5 Operation, page 50 or page 54 17.
Chapter 4 System Setup Unpacking the System During the unpacking, check the system components for possible signs of shipping damage. If there are any, notify Princeton Instruments and file a claim with the carrier. If damage is not apparent but camera or controller specifications cannot be achieved, internal damage may have occurred in shipment.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C System Requirements Power Detector: The MicroMAX detector receives its power from the controller, which in turn plugs into a source of AC power. ST-133: The ST-133 Controller can operate from any one of four different nominal line voltages: 100, 120, 220, or 240 V AC. Refer to the Fuse/Voltage label on the back of the ST-133 for fuse, voltage, and power consumption information.
Chapter 4 System Setup 29 USB 2.0 Protocol: • AT-compatible computer with Pentium 3 or better processor and runs at 1 GHz or better. • Windows 2000 (with Service Pack 4), Windows XP (with Service Pack 1) or later operating system. • Native USB 2.0 support on the mother board or USB Interface Card (Orange Micro 70USB90011 USB2.0 PCI is recommended for desktop; SIIG, Inc. USB 2.0 PC Card, Model US2246 for laptop) • Minimum of 256 Mb of RAM. • CD-ROM drive.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Installing the Application Software Installation is performed via the WinView/32 installation process. If you are installing WinView or WinSpec for the first time, you should run the installation before installing the Princeton Instruments (RSPI) PCI or USB2.0 card in the host computer.
Chapter 4 System Setup 31 To Install a PCI Serial Buffer Card in the Host Computer: 1. Review the documentation for your computer and PCI card before continuing with this installation. 2. To avoid risk of dangerous electrical shock and damage to the computer, verify that the computer power is OFF. 3. Remove the computer cover and verify that there is an available PCI slot. 4. Install the PCI card in the slot. 5. Make sure that the card is firmly seated and secure it. 6.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Setting up a USB 2.0 Interface Administrator privileges are required under Windows NT®, Windows® 2000, and Windows® XP to install software and hardware. Your system has been configured to use the USB communication protocol if the Interface Control Module installed in the ST-133 has a USB 2.0 connector as shown in the figure at right). The advantages to the USB 2.
Chapter 4 System Setup 33 7. On the Driver tab, click on the Update Driver… button. You may have to wait a minute or so before you will be allowed to click on the button. 8. When the Upgrade Device Driver wizard appears, click on Next. Select the Search for a suitable driver … radio button. 9. On the next screen select the Specify a location checkbox. 10. Browse and select the location. Click on OK. 11. In the Driver Files Search Results window, check the Install one of the other drivers check box. 12.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Windows Version USB INF Filename Located in "Windows"/IN F directory* USB Properties DLL Located in "Windows"/System3 2 directory USB Device Driver Name Located in "Windows"/System32/Driver s directory Windows ® 2000 and XP rsusb2k.inf (in WINNT/INF, for example) apausbprop.dll (in WINNT/System32, for example) apausb.sys (in WINNT/System32/Drivers, for example) * The INF directory may be hidden. Table 3.
Chapter 4 System Setup 35 Note: C-mount cameras are shipped with a dust cover lens installed (identifiable by its red rim). Although this lens is capable of providing images, its throughput is low and the image quality is not as good as can be obtained with a high quality camera lens. You should replace the dust cover lens with your own high quality laboratory lens before making measurements. To mount an F-mount lens on the camera, locate the large indicator dot on the side of the lens.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C allow the user to reduce exposure times, increasing temporal resolution and reducing photodamage to the living specimen. Another method to minimize photodamage to biological preparations is to synchronize a shutter on the excitation pathway to the exposure period of the camera. This will limit exposure of the sample to the potentially damaging effects of the excitation light. Timing and synchronization are explained in Chapter 6.
Chapter 4 System Setup 37 the appropriate setscrews on the microscope to secure the bottom clamp to the output port of the microscope. Diagnostic Instruments Bottom Clamp Type Microscope Type Leica DMR L-clamp Leitz All types NLW-clamp Nikon Optiphot, Diaphot, Eclipse O-clamp Olympus BH-2, B-MAX, IMT-2 V-clamp Zeiss Axioscope, Axioplan, Axioplan 2, Axiophot Z-clamp Zeiss Axiovert ZN-clamp Table 4.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C 1X HRP 100-NIK "L" bottom clamp Figure 9. Bottom Clamp secured to Relay Lens Caution Microscope optics have very high transmission efficiencies in the infrared region of the spectrum. Since typical microscope light sources are very good emitters in the infrared, some microscopes are equipped with IR blockers or heat filters to prevent heating of optical elements or the sample.
Chapter 4 System Setup 39 Selecting the Shutter Setting Caution The Shutter Setting push switch on the rear of the Controller sets the shutter hold voltage. Each shutter type, internal or external, requires a different setting. Consult the table below for the proper setting for your shutter. The Shutter Setting is correctly set at the factory for the camera’s internal shutter if one is present.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C USB 2.0 Cable (6050-0494) Caution Turn the Controller power OFF (OFF = 0, ON = |) and the Computer power OFF before connecting or disconnecting the Controller-Computer (TAXI) cable. To Connect the USB 2.0 Cable: 1. Verify that the Controller power is OFF. 2. Verify that the Computer power is OFF. 3. Connect one end of the USB cable to the USB port on the host computer. 4. Connect the other end of the cable to the USB 2.0 port on the rear of the Controller.
Chapter 4 System Setup 41 Figure 11. Camera Detection Wizard - Welcome dialog box 4. Follow the instructions on the dialog boxes to perform the initial hardware setup: this wizard enters default parameters on the Hardware Setup dialog box tab pages and gives you an opportunity to acquire a test image to confirm the system is working. WinX Versions before 2.5.19.6: Run RSConfig.exe 1. Make sure the ST-133 is connected to the host computer and that it is turned on. 2.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C 5. When the PVCAM dialog box (Figure 13) is displayed, click in the Yes radio button, click on Next and continue through the wizard. After the wizard is finished, the Controller/Camera tab card will be displayed with the Use PVCAM checkbox selected. You should now be able to set up experiments and acquire data. Figure 13. Hardware Setup wizard: PVCAM dialog box 6. Run the software in focus mode to verify communication between the ST-133 and the host computer.
Chapter 5 Operation Introduction Once the MicroMAX camera has been installed, camera operation is basically straightforward. In most applications you simply establish optimum performance using the Focus mode (WinView/32 or WinSpec/32), set the target detector temperature, wait until the temperature has stabilized at the set temperature (see the "Setting the Temperature" section in this chapter), and then do actual data acquisition in the Acquire mode.
MicroMAX System User Manual • Version 6.C In Acquire mode, every frame of data collected can be automatically stored (the completed dataset may include multiple frames with one or more accumulations). This mode would ordinarily be selected during actual data collection. One limitation of Acquire mode operation is that if data acquisition continues at too fast a rate for it to be stored, data overflow will eventually occur. This could only happen in Fast Mode operation.
Chapter 5 Operation 45 Imaging Field of View When used for two-dimensional imaging applications, the MicroMAX camera closely imitates a standard 35 mm camera. Since the CCD is not the same size as the film plane of a 35 mm camera, the field of view at a given distance is somewhat different. The imaging field of view is indicated in Figure 15. CCD Object Lens S O B D Figure 15. Imaging Field of View D = distance between the object and the CCD B = 46.5 mm for F-mount; 17.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C In addition to intensity-scaling, you also need to be concerned about how the array pixels map to the video display. The 756×486 resolution of a typical video monitor corresponds well with the array size of a MicroMAX:782Y, MicroMAX:782YHS or MicroMAX:512BFT In the case of a MicroMAX:1300YHS or a MicroMAX:1300YHS-DIF, the number of array pixels far exceeds the number of monitor pixels and mapping must be considered more carefully.
Chapter 5 Operation 47 First Light (Imaging) The following paragraphs provide step-by-step instructions for placing your MicroMAX system in operation the first time. The intent of this simple procedure is to help you gain basic familiarity with the operation of your system and to show that it is functioning properly. Once basic familiarity has been established, then operation with other operating configurations, ones with more complex timing modes, can be performed.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Cabling If the system cables haven’t as yet been installed, make sure that the ST-133 and the host computer are turned off and then make the cable connections as follows: See Figure 17. 1. Connect the 25-pin camera-to-controller cable from the DETECTOR connector on the Analog/Control module panel to the mating connector at the back of the camera. Secure the cable at both ends with the slide-lock latch. 2.
Chapter 5 Operation 49 • Controller version: 4 or higher • • Camera type: Select array installed in your camera.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Experiment Setup Timing tab page (Acquisition|Experiment Setup…): • Timing Mode: Free Run • Shutter Control: Normal • Safe Mode vs. Fast Mode: Safe Acquisition Menu: Select Video if you have connected an RS-170 (or a CCIR) video monitor to the system and plan to use it for focusing or other operations. There will be a check next to “Video” to indicate that it is selected Focusing 1.
Chapter 5 Operation 51 d. Set the focus adjustment of the lens for maximum sharpness in the viewed image. e. f. If the camera is mounted to a microscope, first be sure to have a clear, focused image through the eyepiece. Then divert the light to the camera and lower the illuminating light intensity.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C addition, you should have a basic understanding of how the system hardware is used. Other topics, which could be quite important in certain situations, are discussed in the following chapters. See the appropriate application software manual for information on using the software to control the system. First Light (Spectroscopy) The following paragraphs provide step-by-step instructions for placing your spectroscopy system in operation the first time.
Chapter 5 Operation 53 Setting the Parameters Note: The following procedure is based on WinSpec/32: you will need to modify it if you are using a different application. Basic familiarity with the WinSpec/32 software is assumed. If this is not the case, you may want to review the software manual or have it available while performing this procedure. Set the software parameters as follows: Environment dialog (Setup|Environment): Verify that the DMA Buffer size is 8 Mbytes (min.).
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C malfunction. Once lock is established, the temperature will be stable to within ±0.05°C. Note: If you are using the USB 2.0 interface, the Detector Temperature dialog box will not display temperature information while you are acquiring data. Interface tab page (Setup|Hardware): High Speed PCI (or PCI(Timer)) Note: This tab page is not available if you are using the USB 2.0 interface.
Chapter 5 Operation 55 4. Slowly move the detector in and out of focus. You should see the spectral line go from broad to narrow and back to broad. Leave the detector set for the narrowest achievable line. You may want to use the Focus Helper function (Process|Focus Helper…) to determine the narrowest line width: it can automatically locate peaks and generate a report on peak characteristics during live data acquisition (see the WinSpec/32 on-line help for more information).
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C CCD Array Architecture Charge coupled devices can be roughly thought of as a two-dimensional grid of individual photodiodes (called pixels), each connected to its own charge storage “well.” Each pixel senses the intensity of light falling on its collection area, and stores a proportional amount of charge in its associated “well”. Once charge accumulates for the specified exposure time, the charge in the image pixels are moved to a different location.
Chapter 5 Operation Mechanical Shutter NOT SCAN 57 Open Closed Acquire texp Exposure time Readout tc Shutter compensation Figure 19. CCD Exposure with Shutter Compensation Note that NOT SCAN is low during readout, high during exposure, and high during shutter compensation time. Since most shutters behave like an iris, the opening and closing of the shutter will cause the center of the CCD to be exposed slightly longer than the edges.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Full-Frame For full-frame CCDs, the MicroMAX camera is usually equipped with an integral shutter. If a full-frame MicroMAX is being operated without a shutter, smearing can be avoided by ensuring that no light falls on the CCD during readout. If the light source can be BNC, the controlled electronically via the NOT SCAN or SHUTTER signal at the CCD can be read out in darkness.
Chapter 5 Operation 59 on-screen indication allows easy verification of temperature lock. In addition, the TEMP LOCK indicator on the back of the controller lights GREEN to indicate that lock has been achieved (for more information, refer to the description of the ST-133 rear panel features, page 20). The deepest operating temperature for a system depends on the CCD array size, the CCD packaging, the ambient temperature, and the type of cooling.
MicroMAX System User Manual Caution Version 6.C If you observe a sudden change in the baseline signal you may have excessive humidity in the vacuum enclosure of the camera. Turn off the controller and have the camera repumped before resuming normal operation. Contact the factory Technical Support Dept. for information on how to refresh the vacuum. See page 164 for contact information. Dark Charge Dark charge (or dark current) is the thermally induced buildup of charge in the CCD over time.
Chapter 5 Operation 61 to the output amplifier where the electrons are grouped as electrons/count. This result leaves the CCD and goes to the preamplifier where gain is applied. WinView and WinSpec allow you to specify the type of readout, binning, the output amplifier, and the gain (the number of electrons required to generate an ADU). Note: The type of readout (full frame, frame transfer, or interline) depends on the CCD array installed in the camera.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C After charge is shifted out of each pixel the remaining charge is zero, meaning that the array is immediately ready for the next exposure. Below are the equations that determine the rate at which the CCD is read out. Tables of values for CCDs supported at the time of the printing of this manual also appear below.
Chapter 5 Operation 63 Frame Transfer The MicroMAX fully supports frame transfer readout. Operation in this mode is very similar to the operation of video rate cameras. Half of the CCD is exposed continuously, raising the exposure duty cycle to nearly 100%. The other half of the CCD is masked to prevent exposure, and it is here that the image is “stored” until it can be read out. Figure 22 shows the readout of a masked version of our sample 4 × 6 CCD.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Interline In this section, a simple 6 × 3 pixel interline CCD is used to demonstrate how charge is shifted and digitized. As described below, two different types of readout, overlapped and non-overlapped can occur. In overlapped operation, each exposure begins while the readout of the previous one is still in progress.
Chapter 5 Operation 1 Empty Readout Register. Exposure has ended and image is being transferred to storage cells. 2 Image has been shifted to storage cells, first line has been shifted to Readout Register, and second exposure begins. A1 B1 C1 A1 B1 C1 A2 D1 B2 E1 C2 F1 A2 B2 C2 A3 D2 B3 E2 C3 F2 A3 B3 C3 A4 D3 B4 E3 C4 F3 A4 B4 C4 A5 D4 B5 E4 C5 F4 A5 B5 C5 A6 D5 B6 E5 C6 F5 A6 B6 C6 D6 E6 3 Charge from first cell has been shifted to the Output Node.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Part 4 of Figure 24 illustrates the situation at the end of the readout. Both the imaging and storage cells are empty. In Free Run operation, the imaging cells will be switched back on immediately, allowing charge accumulation to begin. In Ext Sync operation with no PreOpen, they are not switched back on until after the External Sync pulse is detected. 1 Empty Readout Register. Exposure has ended and image is being transferred to storage cells.
Chapter 5 Operation 67 The readout time is approximately given by: tR = [Nx · Ny · (tsr + tv)] + (Nx · ti) (2) where Nx is the smaller dimension of the CCD Ny is the larger dimension of the CCD. tsr is the time needed to shift one pixel out of the shift register tv is the time needed to digitize a pixel ti is the time needed to shift one line into the shift register CCD Array 1 MHz Readout MicroMAX:782Y Sony ICX075 782 x 582 0.5 sec.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C On-Chip Binning Binning is the process of adding the data from adjacent pixels together to form a single pixel (sometimes called a super-pixel), and it can be accomplished in either hardware or software. Rectangular groups of pixels of any size may be binned together, subject to some hardware and software limitations. Hardware binning is performed before the signal is read out by the preamplifier.
Chapter 5 Operation 69 The readout rate for n × n binning is approximated using a more general version of the full resolution equation. The modified equation is: (3) On-Chip Binning for Interline Binning is the process of adding the data from adjacent cells together, and it can be accomplished in either hardware or software. Rectangular groups of cells of any size may be binned together, subject to some hardware and software limitations.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Software Binning One limitation of hardware binning is that the shift register pixels and the output node are typically only 2-3 times the size of imaging pixels as shown in Table 10. Consequently, if the total charge binned together exceeds the capacity of the shift register or output node, the data will be corrupted.
Chapter 5 Operation 71 the Analog Gain to High so that the signal can be spread over as much of the A/D range as possible. Users who consistently measure low-level signals may wish to select High, which reduces some sources of noise. Users who measure high-level signals may wish to select Low to allow digitization of larger signals. Customized values of gain can be provided. Contact the factory for additional information.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Note: In WinView and WinSpec, the ADC rate can be changed on the Experiment Setup|ADC tab page.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics Introduction Previous chapters have discussed setting up the hardware and the software for basic operation. This chapter discusses topics associated with experiment synchronization (set up on the Experiment Setup| Timing tab page in WinView), TTL control, and the Kinetics mode option. "Standard Timing Modes", the first topic, discusses Timing Modes, Shutter Control, and Edge Trigger.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Standard Timing Modes Overview The Princeton Instruments ST-133 Controller has been designed to allow the greatest possible flexibility when synchronizing data collection with an experiment. The chart to the right lists the timing mode combinations (selected on the Experiment Setup|Timing tab page). These timing modes are combined with the Shutter options to provide the widest variety of timing modes for precision experiment synchronization.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics Shutter Open Close Open Read NOT SCAN tR Data First exposure stored texp 75 Close Open Read tc Second exposure Data stored Close Read Third exposure Data stored Figure 29. Free Run Timing Diagram External Sync In this mode all exposures are synchronized to an external source. As shown in the flowchart, Figure 30, this mode can be used in combination with Normal or PreOpen Shutter operation.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C (shutter preopen) (shutter normal) Shutter opens Controller waits for External Sync pulse Controller waits for External Sync pulse Shutter opens Shutter remains open for preprogrammed exposure time System waits while shutter closes Figure 30.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 77 External Sync with Continuous Cleans The third timing mode available with the MicroMAX camera is called Continuous Cleans. In addition to the standard “cleaning” of the array, which occurs after the controller is enabled, Continuous Cleans will remove any charge from the array until the moment the External Sync pulse is received.
MicroMAX System User Manual Open Shutter (Normal) Shutter (Preopen) Open Close Close Read NOT SCAN Open Open Version 6.C Close Close Read Open Open Close Close Read External Sync Figure 33. Continuous Cleans Timing Diagram Frame Transfer Operation In frame transfer operation, half the CCD is used for sensing light and the other half for storage and readout.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 79 another as rapidly as possible as shown in Figure 34. In these figures, Shutter indicates the programmed exposure time. If a shutter were present and active, it would also be the actual exposure time. Prior to the first readout, clean cycles are performed on the array.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C texp Shutter actual exposure time tR tR NOT SCAN tR tR External Sync (negative polarity shown) cleans acquisition tw1 tc Figure 36. Frame Transfer where Pulse arrives after Readout Interline Operation Operating Modes It is important to note that an interline chip can operate in either of two operating modes, overlapped or non-overlapped.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 81 where the cell contents can be contaminated by the charge in other cells as data is moved across the CCD and under the mask. There are two timing options available in the overlapped mode, Free Run and External Sync. (None should be the Shutter Type selection if using WinView/32 software and operating without a shutter.) In both Free Run and External Sync operation, the array photosensors see light continuously.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C texp Shutter actual exposure time 50ns min.pulse between frames tR NOT SCAN tR tR tR External Sync (negative polarity shown) tw1 cleans acquisition Figure 37. Overlapped Mode where tw1 + texp + tc < tR Figure 38 shows the case where the programmed exposure time is greater than the time required to read out the storage half of the array, that is, where tw1 + texp + tc > tR.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 83 Fast and Safe Speed Modes The WinSpec/32 Experiment Setup Timing tab page allows the user to choose Fast or Safe Mode. Figure 40 is a flowchart comparing the two modes. In Fast Mode operation, the MicroMAX runs according to the timing of the experiment, with no interruptions from the computer. In Safe Mode operation, the computer processes each frame as it is received. The MicroMAX cannot collect the next frame until the previous frame has been completely processed.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 85 TTL Control Fully supported by WinView/WinSpec Version 2.5 when the communication protocol is TAXI (PCI), this feature is not supported when the protocol is USB 2.0. Introduction This connector provides 8 TTL lines in, 8 TTL lines out and an input control line. Figure 41 illustrates the connector and Table 13 lists the signal/pin assignments.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Table 12 illustrates this coding for decimal values 0 through 7. Obviously this table could easily be extended to show the coding for values all the way to 255. Decimal Equiv.
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics Pin # Assignment Pin # 87 Assignment 1 IN 1 14 IN 2 2 IN 3 15 IN 4 3 IN 5 16 IN 6 4 IN 7 17 IN 8 5 GND 18 GND 6 EN/CLK 19 Reserved 7 (future use) 20 GND 8 GND 21 OUT 2 9 OUT 1 22 OUT 4 10 OUT 3 23 OUT 6 11 OUT 5 24 OUT 8 12 OUT 7 25 GND 13 Reserved Table 13. TTL In/Out Connector Pinout Figure 41.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C widely available and can often be obtained locally, such as at a nearby Radio Shack® store. A list of possibly useful items follows. Note that, although the items listed may be appropriate in many situations, they might not meet your specific needs. • 25-pin female type D-subminiature solder type connector (Radio Shack part no 2761548B). • RG/58U coaxial cable. • Shielded Metalized hood (Radio Shack part no 276-1536A).
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics 89 Kinetics Mode Kinetics operation requires that the Kinetics option has been installed. Additionally, WinView (or WinSpec), version 2.5.18.1 or higher, is required when operating under USB 2.0. Introduction Kinetics mode uses the CCD to expose and store a limited number of images in rapid succession. The time it takes to shift each line (or row) on the CCD is as short as a few hundred nanoseconds to few microseconds, depending on the CCD.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Kinetic Timing Modes Kinetics mode operates with three timing modes: Free Run, Single Trigger, and Multiple Trigger. Figure 44. Hardware Setup dialog box Figure 45. Experiment Setup dialog box Free Run In the Free Run Kinetics mode, the controller takes a series of images, each with the Exposure time set through the software (in WinView32, the exposure time is set on the Experiment Setup|Main tab page).
Chapter 6 Advanced Topics START ACQUIRE 91 START ACQUIRE command from the software issent automatically when ACQUIRE or FOCUS is clicked on in the software. Exposure SHUTTER Signal Shift NOT SCAN Signal Shutter opening time Shutter closing time Readout Figure 46. Free Run Timing Diagram Single Trigger Single Trigger Kinetics mode takes an entire series of images with each External Trigger Pulse (applied at the Ext. Sync BNC on the control board of the ST-133).
MicroMAX System User Manual START ACQUIRE Version 6.C START ACQUIRE command from the software issent automatically when ACQUIRE or FOCUS is clicked on in the software. External Triggers Exposure SHUTTER Signal Shift NOT SCAN Signal Shutter opening time Figure 48.
Chapter 7 MicroMAX DIF Camera (Double Image Feature) Supported by WinView/WinSpec Version 2.5 when the communication protocol is TAXI (PCI), this feature is not supported when the protocol is USB 2.0. Introduction This chapter describes operation of the MicroMAX DIF system. Both the Controller and a MicroMAX Interline camera must have factory modifications installed for DIF operation. In addition to the internal changes, a camera modified for DIF operation would ordinarily include a mechanical shutter.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C ESABI: Allows two fast images of equal duration to be acquired. Unlike the IEC and EEC modes, in the ESABI mode, two pulses are applied to the Ext. Sync. connector. Each initiates a separate acquisition, allowing the user to set the time between acquisitions by externally adjusting the time between the two applied pulses. When the data is saved, both images are saved in a single *.spe file.
Chapter 7 MicroMAX DIF Camera 95 exposure. In Free Run operation, the time that the range of 400 to 600 ns. remains low will typically be in READY 400 ns EXPOSURE Figure 49. Free Run Mode Timing Diagram Example: Figure 50 shows an experiment where the rising edge of the signal is used to trigger a DG-535 Delay Generator, which provides the required delay and triggers a laser source, Q switch, or other device. Computer Controller READY Camera Head DG-535 Q Switch Figure 50.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Summary of Free Run Timing mode • Allows you to capture single images. • Requires that the switch, if present on the back of the camera, be set to INACTIVE. • Uses Exposure Time set via software Experiment Setup. • Exposure time range is 1 µs < Exp. Time < 14.3 minutes • Exposure does not occur until the mechanical shutter is completely open and readout does not begin until the mechanical shutter is completely closed.
Chapter 7 MicroMAX DIF Camera 97 READY 200 ns EXT. SYNC. ~200 ns Images Image1 Image 2 5 μs 5 μs NOTSCAN Mechanical Shutter 8 ms 8 ms >200 ns Laser Output Laser 1 Laser 2 Figure 52. Timing Diagram for Typical IEC Measurement Figure 53 illustrates the interconnections that might be used for such an experiment with two lasers. Figure 54 shows the timing for the two-laser experiment. Computer Delay Generator (i.e.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Example 2: As shown in Figure 55, the signal from the controller can be used to trigger the controller by connecting it back into the EXT SYNC connector. At the same time, it can be used to trigger a DG-535. EXT SYNC Computer READY Controller Delay Generator (i.e.,DG535) Ext. A B Laser 1 Camera Head Laser 2 Figure 55. Another Hardware Setup for an IEC Measurement Note: This setup will not work in the EEC mode or the ESABI mode.
Chapter 7 MicroMAX DIF Camera 99 first image exposure time. The controller signal goes low when the camera is ready to begin imaging. Figure 56 illustrates an EEC timing example. READY 200 ns EXT. SYNC. (A) Images Image 1 Image 2 tsync t exp NOT SCAN Mechanical Shutter 8 ms 8 ms Figure 56. EEC Timing Example with Exposure Time in Software Set to texp Summary of EEC Timing mode • Enables double image capture under external control.
MicroMAX System User Manual READY EXT. SYNC. (A) Images Version 6.C 200 ns 200 ns t trig t trig Image 1 t exp Image 2 t exp No Signal Integration NOT SCAN Mechanical Shutter 8 ms 8 ms Figure 57. ESABI Timing Example: Image Exposure time = texp set in software Note: The input trigger pulse, ttrig, must be shorter than the exposure time texp. Otherwise the second image will occur immediately after the first.
Chapter 7 MicroMAX DIF Camera 101 Background subtraction allows you to automatically subtract any constant background in your signal. This includes both constant offsets caused by the amplifier system in the controller as well as time-dependent (but constant for a fixed integration time) buildup of dark charge. The background subtract equation is: (Raw image data – Background) = Corrected image data.
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Chapter 8 Virtual Chip Mode Fully supported by WinView/WinSpec Version 2.5 when the communication protocol is TAXI (PCI), this feature is not supported when the protocol is USB 2.0. Introduction Virtual Chip mode (a WinView/32 option) is a special fast-acquisition technique that allows frame rates in excess of 100 fps to be obtained.
MicroMAX System User Manual 1 MHz ROI Version 6.C 100 kHz (msec/Frame) (FPS) (msec/Frame) (FPS) 164 x 164 29.8 33.6 287 3.5 96 x 96 10.9 91.7 102 9.8 84 x 84 8.65 115 79.8 12.5 64 x 64 5.26 190 47.6 21.0 56 x 56 4.22 237 37.4 36.7 47 x 47 3.08 324 26.9 37.2 36 x 36 1.97 507 16.6 60.2 30 x 30 1.51 662 12.2 82.0 Table 14.
Chapter 8 Virtual Chip Mode 105 System Connection Diagram: Detector-Controller Interface cable (TAXI or USB 2.0) 110/220 Camera Detector Serial Com or USB 2.0 110/220 Controller Microscope Computer EXPERIMENT Figure 59. System Diagram Procedure: 1. Verify that the power is OFF for ALL system components (including the host computer). 2. Verify that the correct line voltages have been selected and that the correct fuses have been installed in the ST-133. 3.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Interface tab card • Type: the appropriate interface card. For this procedure, the selection is High Speed PCI. Cleans/Skips tab card • Number of Cleans: 1 • Number of Strips per Clean: 512 • Minimum Block Size: 2 • Number of Blocks: 5 9. From the Acquisition menu, select Experiment Setup and enter the following settings: Main tab card • Exposure Time: Enter a value.
Chapter 8 Virtual Chip Mode 107 11. Click on the Load Default Values button. This enters the default ROI values. These values are: Start pixels of 1,1; End pixels based on the Chip Y and Chip X dimensions; and Groups of 1. • Region of Interest: The settings below assume a 47x47 pixel ROI (i.e., the entire virtual chip). An ROI that is a subset of the virtual chip can be defined. X Start: 1 Y Start: 1 X End: 47 Y End: 47 X Group: 1 Y Group: 1 • Click on the Download Virtual Chip Definition button.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C achieved via the Ext Sync input on the rear of the camera. Triggering from the Ext Sync input allows you to acquire a single image per TTL pulse. If Software Trigger has been selected, back-to-back collection of the requested number of images will be initiated when Acquire is selected: no further TTL trigger input is required. Virtual Chip dialog box Figure 60. Virtual Chip dialog box.
Chapter 8 Virtual Chip Mode 109 Readout Time: Reported readout time that will result with the current virtual-chip parameter values. Exposure Time: Reported current exposure time that will result with the value entered in the Experiment Setup dialog box. Shutter Compensation Time: Reported value; depends on selected shutter type. Close: Closes Virtual Chip dialog box.
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Chapter 9 Troubleshooting WARNING! Do not attach or remove any cables while the MicroMAX system is powered on. Introduction The following issues have corresponding troubleshooting sections in this chapter.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Baseline Signal Suddenly Changes If you observe a sudden change in the baseline signal, you may have excessive humidity in the vacuum enclosure of the camera. Turn off the controller and have the camera repumped before resuming normal operation. Contact the factory Technical Support Dept. for information on how to refresh the vacuum. See page 164 for contact information.
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting 113 Driver=apausb.sys Port=0 ID=523459 2. Change the "Name=" entry to something more meaningful for you (for example, ST133USB - to indicate that this is a PVCAM-based system using an ST-133 with a USB 2.0 interface) and save the edited file. [Camera_1] Type=1 Name=ST133USB Driver=apausb.sys Port=0 ID=523459 3. The new camera name will now appear in the Camera Name field.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C 5. After inspecting and if necessary, changing the fuses to those required by the selected voltage, reinstall the holders with the arrow facing to the right. 6. Close the power module and verify that the correct voltage setting is displayed. 7. Verify that the Controller power switch is in the OFF position and then plug the powercord back into the power module.
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting • 115 For a TE-cooled camera, the camera's internal temperature may be too high, such as might occur if the operating environment is particularly warm or if you are attempting to operate at a temperature colder than the specified limit. TE-cooled detectors are equipped with a thermal-protection switch that shuts the cooler circuits down if the internal temperature exceeds a preset limit. Typically, camera operation is restored automatically in about ten minutes.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict message Figure 64. Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict dialog box If this dialog box appears when you try to acquire a test image, acquire data, or run in focus mode, check the CCD array size and then check the DMA buffer size. You may need to increase the DMA setting. To change the DMA buffer setting: 1.
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting 117 not be suitable for the USB 2.0 interface. Therefore, we recommend replacement of the USB 2.0 interface module with our TAXI interface module and Princeton Instruments (RSPI) PCI card. If this is not the case and data overruns continue to occur, contact Technical Support (see page 164 for contact information). Demo is only Choice on Hardware Wizard:Interface dialog (Versions 2.5.19.0 and earlier) If RSConfig.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C 5. You should now be able to open WinView and, from Setup|Hardware…, run the Hardware Wizard. 6. When the PVCAM dialog box (Figure 67) is displayed, click in the Yes radio button, click on Next and continue through the Wizard. After the Wizard is finished, the Controller/Camera tab card will be displayed with the Use PVCAM checkbox selected. You should now be able to set up experiments and acquire data. Figure 67.
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting 119 Figure 69. RSConfig dialog box: Two Camera Styles 5. Using Notepad or a similar text editor, open PVCAM.INI, which is located in the Windows directory (C:\WINNT, for example). If the contents of the file look like: Change the headings so the contents now look like: [Camera_1] Type=1 Name=Camera1 Driver=rspipci.sys Port=0 [Camera_2] Type=1 Name=Camera1 Driver=rspipci.sys Port=0 [Camera_2] Type=1 Name=Camera2 Driver=apausb.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Detector Temperature, Acquire, and Focus are Grayed Out (Versions 2.5.19.0 and earlier) These functions and others will be deactivated if you have installed a camera being run under USB 2.0 and have opened WinView/32 without having first turned on the ST-133. They will also be deactivated if you have installed a camera being run under USB 2.0 and a Princeton Instruments high speed PCI card was also detected when RSConfig.exe was run. 1.
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting 121 Note: The [Camera_#] must be changed so the camera supported by the USB interface will be recognized (the USB driver is "apausb.sys"). For consistency, you may also want to change the camera names. 6. Save the file. With the ST-133 connected and on, open WinView/32. The formerly grayed out functions should now be available. Error Creating Controller message This message may be displayed if you are using the USB 2.0 interface and have not run the RSConfig.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C will have been made by the user and the BIOS will not know which addresses and interrupts have been user assigned. When a PCI card is installed, the BIOS checks for available addresses and interrupt levels and automatically assigns them so that there are no PCI address or interrupt conflicts.
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting 123 level on the conflicting Network card in this example. It is up to the user to consult the documentation for any ISA cards to determine how to make the necessary change. Note: Changing the order of the PCI cards, that is, plugging them into different slots, could change the address and interrupt assignments and possibly resolve the conflict. However, this would be a trial and error process with no guarantee of success.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C No CCD Named in the Hardware Wizard:CCD dialog (Versions 2.5.19.0 and earlier) Figure 73. Hardware Wizard: Detector/Camera/CCD dialog box If you have installed a USB 2.0 Interface Module in your ST-133, a blank field may be displayed in the Detector/Camera/CCD dialog box (Figure 73) if the ST-133 controller was made before January 2001.
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting 125 7. Restart the WinX application and begin acquiring data or focusing. If you see the message again, increase the DMA buffer size. Removing/Installing a Plug-In Module The ST-133 Controller has three plug-in slots. The Analog/Control module (leftmost slot when the controller is viewed from the rear) and the Interface Control module (either a TAXI or a USB 2.0 compatible module in the middle slot) are always provided.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C packaging is usually an antistatic bag that will protect the module components from electrostatic discharge. To Install a Module: Installing a module is a bit more complex because you first have to be sure the locking screws are aligned correctly. The following procedure is suggested. 1. Verify that the Controller has been turned OFF. 2. Remove the replacement module from its antistatic packaging.
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting 127 Securing the Detector-Controller Cable Slide Latch Some Princeton Instruments Detector-Controller cables use a slide latch to secure the Detector-Controller cable to the DETECTOR connector on the back of the ST-133. Incorrectly plugging this cable into the connector and improperly securing the slide latch may prevent communication with the MicroMAX (the camera may appear to stop working). 1. Before trying to plug in the cable, slide the latch up (toward Pin 1).
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Serial violations have occurred. Check interface cable. Figure 76. Serial Violations Have Occurred dialog box This error message dialog will appear if you try to acquire an image or focus the camera and either (or both) of the following conditions exists: • The camera system is not turned ON. • There is no communication between the camera and the host computer. To correct the problem: 1. Turn OFF the camera system (if it is not already OFF). 2.
Appendix A Specifications CCD Arrays Spectral Range Typically: 370-900 for MicroMAX:512BFT 350-1000 for MicroMAX:1024B and 1024BFT 400-1000 for MicroMAX:782Y and 782YHS 430-1050 for MicroMAX:512FT, 1024, and 1024FT 300-1080 for MicroMAX:1300Y, 1300YHS, and 1300YHS-DIF Types The following list is not necessarily current. Other chips may also be available. Contact the factory for up-to-date information.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Temperature Control Setting Mechanism: Temperature is set by the application software. Display: The actual temperature can be displayed at the computer by the application software. Range: At 25° ambient, the MicroMAX camera will typically lock to: • -15°C with passive cooling and with the camera under vacuum. • -30°C with the accessory fan installed and under vacuum.
Appendix A Specifications 131 Shutters The round head camera does not have an internal shutter. The rectangular head camera is supplied with either a 25 mm internal shutter (C-mount) or a 35 mm internal shutter (F-mount).* The Shutter Compensation times listed below are based on the values used by the WinView/32 program. Shutter Shutter Comp. Time None 200 nsec Electronic 6.0 msec Remote (Princeton Instruments supplied 23 mm, typically a slit shutter) 8.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Programmable Interface TTL I/O at DB25 connector. Eight input bits and eight output bits are provided for control via the TTL connector. Refer to "TTL Control", starting on page 85, for more information. A/D Converter Converter range: 12 bits Readout Rate: Fast, 1 MHz (alternatively 500 kHz); Slow, 100 kHz. Contact factory for information on other A/D converters. Linearity: better than 1%. Readout noise: 1-1.
Appendix B Outline Drawings 7.05 6.16 4.63 2.11 C-MOUNT (1.00-32 THREAD) CCD at .690 OPTICAL DEPTH 0.000 MOUNTING SURFACE Detectors 4.63 0.500 COOLING AIR INLET TYPICAL BOTH SIDES OPTIONAL TRIPOD MOUNT KIT (2550-0312) COOLING AIR OUTLET TYPICAL BOTH SIDES GAIN SWITCH ACCESS DB-25 MALE TO CONTROLLER 2.41 3.16 2.25 0.94 1.14 ALLOW 1.5” FOR ELECTRICAL CONNECTION 1.54 EXTERNAL SHUTTER JACK Figure 77.
8.18 F-MOUNT (2 3/8” - 20 THREAD NIKON ADAPTER SHOWN Version 6.C CCD at 1.831 OPTICAL DEPTH MicroMAX System User Manual 0.000 134 4.63 4.63 NIKON F-MOUNT 0.50 COOLING AIR INLET TYPICAL BOTH SIDES OPTIONAL TRIPOD MOUNT KIT (2550-0312) COOLING AIR OUTLET TYPICAL BOTH SIDES GAIN SWITCH ACCESS DB-25 MALE TO CONTROLLER 3.16 0.94 1.14 1.54 EXTERNAL SHUTTER JACK Figure 78.
4.63 2.25 1.38 4.63 (3X) #10-32 UNC-2B X .17 INCHES DEEP EQUALLY SPACED ON A Ø3.880 BOLT CIRCLE AT 120° APART 2.58 0.500 ALLOW 1.5” FOR ELECTRICAL CONNECTION 1.20 MOUNTING 0.000 SURFACE 2.600 0.063 2.26 0.886 CCD COOLING AIR OUTLET TYPICAL BOTH SIDES 6.50 NOTES: 1. WEIGHT: 7.0 LBS. 2. POWER DISSIPATION: 90 WATTS AT FULL POWER. 3. AIRFLOW: 30 CFM FAN CAPACITY AT FULL POWER. OPTIONAL TRIPOD MOUNT KIT (2550-0312) 7.21 COOLING AIR INLET TYPICAL BOTH SIDES 3.16 0.94 1.54 1.
4.63 2.25 1.38 4.63 (3X) #10-32 UNC-2B X .17 INCHES DEEP EQUALLY SPACED ON A Ø3.880 BOLT CIRCLE AT 120° APART 2.48 0.500 ALLOW 1.5” FOR ELECTRICAL CONNECTION 1.20 0.000 MOUNTING SURFACE 2.600 0.063 2.16 0.786 CCD COOLING AIR OUTLET TYPICAL BOTH SIDES 6.40 NOTES: 1. WEIGHT: 7.0 LBS. 2. POWER DISSIPATION: 90 WATTS AT FULL POWER. 3. AIRFLOW: 30 CFM FAN CAPACITY AT FULL POWER. OPTIONAL TRIPOD MOUNT KIT (2550-0312) 7.11 COOLING AIR INLET TYPICAL BOTH SIDES 3.16 0.94 1.54 1.
HOUSING SECTION A A 2.49 2.19 “C” MOUNT ADAPTER W/ SHUTTER CCD 0.00 QUARTZ WINDOW INNER NOSE 2.49 A 8 HOLES, TAPPED 4–40 X 0.25 DP, EQ. SP. @ 45° ON 4.100 B.C. A 4 0 0 5. 1.41 0.00 “C” MOUNT TAPPED 1.00–32 UNEF 2B THRU 0.00 0.00 VACUUM PORT 2.19 0.00 0.75 25 PIN CONNECTOR 0.75 Note: All dimensions are in inches 1.53 0.90 0.30 0.00 1/4–20 X 3/8 MTG. (4 PLACES) Appendix B Outline Drawings 137 Figure 81. 1 MHz and 100kHz/1MHz Round Head Camera: C-Mount Adapter and Shutter 3.
MicroMAX System User Manual Figure 82. 1 MHz Round Head Camera: F-Mount Adapter Version 6.
Appendix B Outline Drawings 139 ST-133B Controller 13.91 8.59 5. 80 Figure 83. ST-133B Controller Dimensions ST-133A Controller 13.63 8.75 5. 25 Figure 84.
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Appendix C Repumping the Vacuum Introduction Round head cameras are normally shipped with a vacuum level of ~10 mTorr or better to assure proper cooling performance and to prevent condensation from collecting on the CCD. This condensation obscures or interferes with optical signals, and can leave behind harmful contaminants. In time, the vacuum level could deteriorate to where achieving temperature lock will no longer be possible.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Figure 85. Vacuum Connector Required for Pumping • Phillips screwdriver and a 3/16" nut driver, required to remove the back plate from the camera. Vacuum Pumpdown Procedure The instructions that follow are for a 1 MHz or 100kHz/1 MHz round head camera only. 1. Remove the back cover of the camera (see Figure 86). It is secured by four Phillipshead screws and by the two connector slide-latch posts, which can be removed using a 3/16" nut driver.
Appendix C Repumping the Vacuum Figure 87. Attaching the Vacuum Connector 143 Figure 88.
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Appendix D Spectrometer Adapters Princeton Instruments offers a variety of spectrometer adapters for rectangular head (NTE) MicroMAX systems. The mounting instructions for these adapters are organized by spectrometer model, camera type, and adapter kit number. The table below crossreferences these items with the page number for the appropriate instruction set. Spectrometer Camera Type Adapter Kit No.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Acton (NTE with or without shutter) Adapter (supplied with spectrometer) Spacer Plate (removed) 1 1. Qty P/N 3 2826-0127 Description Screw, 10-32 × 1/4, Button Head Allen Hex, Stainless Steel Assembly Instructions 1. Make sure that the shipping cover has been removed from the detector port on the spectrometer. 2. Loosen the setscrews holding the Acton adapter in the spectrometer and remove the adapter. 3.
Appendix D Spectrometer Adapters 147 Chromex 250 IS (NTE with or without shutter) 4 2 3 1 5 Qty P/N Description 1. 1 2517-0901 Plate, Adapter-Female 2. 4 2826-0283 Screw, 10-32 × 3/4, Socket head, Stainless Steel, Hex, Black 3. 1 2518-0107 Adapter-Male, HR320 4. 3 2826-0127 Screw, 10-32 × 1/4, Button Head Allen Hex, Stainless Steel 5. 1 2826-0082 Set Screw, 10-32 × 1/4, Stainless Steel, Allen Hex, Nylon Tip Assembly Instructions 1.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C ISA HR 320 (NTE with or without shutter) Remove spectrometer cover for these screws. 1 4 3 2 5 5 Qty P/N Description 1. 1 2518-0106 Adapter-Female, HR320 2. 3 2826-0087 Screw, M5-10, Flat Head, Socket, Stainless Steel 3. 1 2518-0107 Adapter-Male, HR320 4. 3 2826-0127 Screw, 10-32 × 1/4, Button Head Allen Hex, Stainless Steel 5. 2 2826-0082 Set Screw, 10-32 × 1/4, Stainless Steel, Allen Hex, Nylon Tip Assembly Instructions 1.
Appendix D Spectrometer Adapters 149 ISA HR 640 (NTE with or without shutter) 4 1 3 5 2 Qty P/N Description 1. 1 2518-0203 Adapter-Female, HR640 2. 4 2826-0144 Screw, M4-.7 × 14, Socket Head Cap, Stainless Steel 3. 1 2518-0107 Adapter-Male, HR320 4. 3 2826-0127 Screw, 10-32 × 1/4, Button Head Allen Hex, Stainless Steel 5. 2 2826-0082 Set Screw, 10-32 × 1/4, Stainless Steel, Allen Hex, Nylon Tip Assembly Instructions 1.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C JY TRIAX family (NTE without shutter) Flanged Spectrometer Mount Remove 4 screws 1 2 Qty P/N Description 1. 1 2518-1000 Adapter, TRIAX, NTE, 7377, 7376, 7413 2. 4 2826-0191 Screw, 10-32 × 5/8, Socket Head, Stainless Steel, Hex, Black Typically, the adapter is shipped already mounted to the camera.
Appendix D Spectrometer Adapters 151 SPEX 270M (NTE with or without shutter) 4 1 3 2 5 Qty P/N Description 1. 1 2518-0691 Female Adapter Plate, 2.400 ID 2. 6 2826-0068 Screw, 6-32 × 3/8, Socket Head, Cap, Stainless Steel 3. 1 2518-0690 Adapter, Focusing, Male, Spec 270 4. 3 2826-0127 Screw, 10-32 × 1/4, Button Head Allen Hex, Stainless Steel 5. 2 2826-0073 Screw 6-32 × 1/8, Set, Allen Hex, Brass Tip Assembly Instructions 1. Remove the cover of the spectrometer. 2.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C SPEX 500M (NTE with or without shutter) 1 2 4 3 5 Qty P/N Description 1. 1 2517-0214 Adapter-Female, Spex 500m 2. 8 2826-0170 Screw, 1/4-20 × 0.51, Low Socket Head Cap, Black 3. 1 2518-0223 Adapter-Male, Spex 500m 4. 3 2826-0134 Screw, 10-32 × 1/4, Flat Head Slot, Stainless Steel 5. 2 2826-0055 Screw, 8-32 × 14, Set Allen Hex, Nylon Assembly Instructions 1.
Appendix D Spectrometer Adapters 153 SPEX TripleMate (NTE with or without shutter) 3 1 2 7 6 5 4 Qty P/N Description 1. 1 2518-0184 Adapter-Male, LN/TE, CCD/For Spex TripleMate 2. 4 2826-0128 Screw, 10-32 × 5/8, Socket Head Cap, Stainless Steel, 3. 1 2517-0163 Slit Mount, Spex 4. 4 2826-0129 Screw, 1/4-20 × 3/4, Socket Head Cap, Stainless Steel 5. 3 2826-0127 Screw, 10-32 × 1/4, Button Head, Hex, Stainless Steel 6. 1 2518-0185 Adapter-Female, Flange Spex 7.
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Appendix E USB 2.0 Limitations The following information covers the currently known limitations associated with operating under the USB 2.0 interface. • Maximum cable length is 5 meters (16.4 feet) • 1 MHz is currently the upper digitization rate limit for the ST-133 Controller. • Large data sets and/or long acquisition times may be subject to data overrun because of host computer interrupts during data acquisition. • USB 2.
MicroMAX System User Manual Feature Version 6.C Supported with USB 2.0 in WinX 2.5.X Remarks Macro Record YES Macros recorded for nonPVCAM cameras may have to be re-recorded to function TTL I/O NO Table 19. Features Supported under USB 2.
Declarations of Conformity This section of the MicroMAX manual contains the declarations of conformity for MicroMAX systems. MicroMAX systems encompass RTE (round thermoelectricallycooled) and NTE (rectangular thermoelectrically-cooled) camera heads and their associated controllers.
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY We, ROPER SCIENTIFIC (PRINCETON INSTRUMENTS) 3660 QUAKERBRIDGE ROAD TRENTON, NJ 08619 Declare under our sole responsibility, that the product MicroMAX SYSTEM With RTE/CCD CAMERA, To which this declaration relates, is in conformity with general safety requirement for electrical equipment standards: IEC 1010-1:1990, EN 61010-1:1993/A2:1995 EN 50082-1:1992, (EN 61000-4-2, EN 61000-4-3, EN 61000-4-4, 1995) EN 55011 for GROUP 1, CLASS A, 1991, EN 61000-3-2, 1994 Which follow the pro
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY We, , ROPER SCIENTIFIC (PRINCETON INSTRUMENTS) 3660 QUAKERBRIDGE ROAD TRENTON, NJ 08619, Declare under our sole responsibility that the product ST-133 1 MHz HIGH POWER CONTROLLER w/NTE CAMERA HEAD, To which this declaration relates, is in conformity with general safety requirement for electrical equipment standards: IEC 1010-1:1990, EN 61010-1:1993/A2:1995 EN 55011 for Group 1, Class A, 1991, EN 50082-1, 1991 (EN 61000-4-2, EN 61000-4-3, EN 61000-4-4), Which follow the provisio
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Warranty & Service Limited Warranty Princeton Instruments, a division of Roper Scientific, Inc. ("Princeton Instruments", "us, "we", "our") makes the following limited warranties. These limited warranties extend to the original purchaser ("You", "you") only and no other purchaser or transferee. We have complete control over all warranties and may alter or terminate any or all warranties at any time we deem necessary.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C Sealed Chamber Integrity Limited 24 Month Warranty Princeton Instruments warrants the sealed chamber integrity of all our products for a period of twenty-four (24) months after shipment. If, at anytime within twenty-four (24) months from the date of delivery, the detector should experience a sealed chamber failure, all parts and labor needed to restore the chamber seal will be covered by us.
Warranty & Service 163 Owner's Manual and Troubleshooting You should read the owner’s manual thoroughly before operating this product. In the unlikely event that you should encounter difficulty operating this product, the owner’s manual should be consulted before contacting the Princeton Instruments technical support staff or authorized service representative for assistance.
MicroMAX System User Manual Version 6.C of any warranties implied by state law or non-U.S. laws, as hereby limited, the forgoing warranty is exclusive and in lieu of all other warranties, guarantees, agreements, and similar obligations of manufacturer or seller with respect to the repair or replacement of any parts. In no event shall Princeton Instruments' liability exceed the cost of the repair or replacement of the defective product or part. 11.
Index #-B C 64-pin DIN connector......................................18, 126 A/D converters ........................................................71 specifications.....................................................132 AC power requirements...........................................28 Accessories, alignment of........................................55 Acton adapter instructions .....................................146 Actual exposure time .........................................
MicroMAX System User Manual C-mount...................................................................36 assembly..............................................................36 lens installation and removal...............................35 support recommendations ...................................36 Cold finger...............................................................15 Collection area.........................................................56 Compensation time, shutter ........................
Index Focusing ..................................................................51 alignment.............................................................54 aperture adjustment .............................................35 composite video output .......................................45 Frame transfer CCD requirements...............................................78 external sync .......................................................78 Free Run.............................................................
MicroMAX System User Manual N-O Noise, low-noise readout .........................................10 Non-Overlapped operation ......................................80 example ...............................................................65 NOT READY connector.............................................................20 signal .................................................94, 96, 98, 99 timing ....................................................97, 99, 100 NOT SCAN signal ........................
Index Shutter (cont.) signs of failure..................................................128 signs of failure.....................................................17 ST-133 connector................................................21 Shutter Power connector..........................................21 SHUTTER signal.....................................................20 Signal-to-noise ratio, on-chip integration................60 Slide latch operation ..............................................127 Smearing..
MicroMAX System User Manual Warnings (cont.) touching the CCD array ......................................14 UV scintillator.....................................................16 window removal..................................................14 Xenon and Hg arc lamps .....................................44 Warranties image intensifier detector ..................................162 normal wear item disclaimer .............................161 one year ..................................................
