Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router NETGEAR, Inc.
© 1998 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks Bay Networks is a registered trademark of Bay Networks, Inc. NETGEAR and FirstGear are trademarks Bay Networks, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.
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Contents Preface Purpose ........................................................................................................................... xv Audience .......................................................................................................................... xv Conventions .....................................................................................................................xvi Special Message Formats ...................................................................
Private IP Addresses ..............................................................................................1-11 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................................1-12 Address Resolution Protocol ..................................................................................1-13 Domain Name Server .............................................................................................1-13 IP Configuration by DHCP ............................
Ethernet Menu ................................................................................................................3-9 General Setup Menu ................................................................................................3-9 DHCP and TCP/IP Setup .......................................................................................3-10 Manager Password Setup .............................................................................................
Applying a Filter Set .......................................................................................................8-8 Reducing Unnecessary Calls by Windows 95 ................................................................8-9 Diagnosing the Situation ..........................................................................................8-9 Implementing the Filter ...........................................................................................8-11 Applying the Filter ...............
Troubleshooting the Manager Interface ........................................................................10-5 Restoring the Default Configuration and Password ......................................................10-6 Using the Packet and Log Trace ...................................................................................10-7 Packet Trace Display Format ..................................................................................
x Contents
Figures Figure 1-1. Three Main Address Classes ...................................................................1-7 Figure 1-2. Example of Subnetting a Class B Address ..............................................1-9 Figure 1-3. Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ................................................1-12 Figure 2-1. Front Panel of the Model RM356 Modem Router ....................................2-5 Figure 2-2. Rear Panel of the Model RM356 Modem Router ............................
xii Figures
Tables Table 1-1. Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet ................................1-10 Table 1-2. Netmask Formats ...................................................................................1-11 Table 2-1. LED Descriptions .....................................................................................2-6 Table 3-1. Manager Menu Commands ....................................................................3-3 Table 3-2. Manager Menu Summary .............................
Table 9-1. xiv System Maintenance Status Menu Fields ................................................9-1 Table 9-2. System Maintenance Status Menu Fields ...............................................9-2 Table 9-3. System Maintenance - Log and Trace Menu Fields .................................9-4 Table 9-4. System Maintenance - Syslog and Accounting Menu Fields ...................9-5 Table 9-5. System Maintenance - Diagnostic Menu Fields .....................................
Preface Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR™ Model RM356 Modem Router. The Model RM356 Modem Router integrates a 4-port hub and one high-speed 56K internal modem into a single package. In a modem-sized box, your Model RM356 router offers a complete internetworking solution for your home or branch office. The Model RM356 router is ideal for browsing the Internet, receiving calls from remote dial-in users, or making LAN-to-LAN connections to remote nodes.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Conventions This section describes the conventions used in this guide. Special Message Formats This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages: Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest. Caution: This format is used to highlight information that will help you prevent equipment failure or loss of data.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Other Conventions This guide uses the following typographical conventions: italics Book titles and UNIX file, command, and directory names. courier font Screen text, user-typed command-line entries. Initial Caps Menu titles and window and button names. [Enter] Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets. The notation [Enter] is used for the Enter key and the Return key.
Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR Model RM356 Modem Router and discusses planning considerations for installation. About the Router The Model RM356 Modem Router transports data from one local area network (LAN) to another through a wide area network (WAN) connection. The router compares the network addresses of data packets sent through the LAN to the entries in its address tables.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Key Features The Model RM356 Modem Router provides the following features: • Internal high-speed analog modem – • Dial-on-demand – • • • • – IP routing – Dynamic NAT+ for operation with a single static or dynamic IP address – DHCP for dynamically assigning network configuration information to LAN workstations Industry-standard compression Hi/fn (Stac LZS) compression with CCP Easy installation and management – FirstGear™ graphical user interf
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router • Eleven LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity • Flash EPROM for firmware upgrade • Five-year warranty • Free technical support seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day V.90 Support The Model RM356 router is designed to take advantage of the V.90 standard for transmission of data over analog telephone networks.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Security The Model RM356 Modem Router is equipped with several features designed to maintain security. These security features are described in this section. Calling Line Identification The use of Calling Line Identification (CLID or Caller ID) ensures that incoming calling numbers are checked against known numbers before a call is answered and access is granted, thus providing a first level of security.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Basic Router Concepts In general, the cost of providing network bandwidth is proportional to the data speed and the distance over which the network extends. Large amounts of bandwidth are provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area network (office, department, and similar situations). However, providing the same high data speeds between two local networks that are physically distant may be prohibitively expensive.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Using RIP, routers update one another periodically and check to see if there are any changes to be added to the routing table. An important consideration is the convergence time, or how long it takes for a change to the routing topology (such as a new node or a node failure) to be propagated throughout the entire RIP environment. To prevent this convergence process from being excessively long, RIP is limited to 15 hops maximum.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router There are five standard classes of IP addresses. These address classes have different ways of determining the network and host sections of the address, allowing for different numbers of hosts on a network. Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern, which is used by the TCP/IP software to identify the address class. After the address class has been determined, the software can correctly identify the host section of the address.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Class E addresses are for experimental use. This addressing structure allows IP to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network. For each unique value of the network portion of the address, the base address of the range (host address of all zeros) is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Subnet Addressing By looking at the addressing structures, you can see that even with a Class C address, there are a large number of hosts per network. Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number. It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would have that many devices. You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Note: The number 192.68.135.127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address of the first subnet. And 192.68.135.128 is not assigned because it is the network address of the second subnet. Table 1-1 lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted-decimal notation. To use the table, write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted-decimal value of the additional subnet bits.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 1-2 displays several common netmask values in both the dotted-decimal and the mask-length formats. Table 1-2. Netmask Formats Dotted-Decimal Mask-length 255.0.0.0 /8 255.255.0.0 /16 255.255.255.0 /24 255.255.255.128 /25 255.255.255.192 /26 255.255.255.224 /27 255.255.255.240 /28 255.255.255.248 /29 255.255.255.252 /30 255.255.255.254 /31 255.255.255.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines explained here. For more information about address assignment, refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets, and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection. All incoming inquiries are filtered out by the router. This filtering can prevent intruders from probing your system. You can specify one server (for example, a Web server) on your local network and make it accessible by outside users.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP-based local area network is installed, each workstation must be configured with an IP address. If the workstations need to access the Internet, they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses. As an alternative to manual configuration, there is a method by which each device on the network can obtain this configuration information automatically.
Chapter 2 Router Installation and Connection This chapter provides instructions for installing the Model RM356 Modem Router and connecting to the built-in interface through a serial or Telnet connection.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Checklists Check the following lists to make sure that your network is correctly configured and all requirements are met. After your network is correctly configured and all requirements as defined by the following checklists are met, you are ready to configure and install your router. Telephone Line Checklist The Model RM356 Modem Router connects to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) using a standard analog voice line.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Single-User Account In a single-user account, you are assigned only one registered Internet Protocol (IP) address. This address may be a permanent fixed address or it may be a different address assigned dynamically each time you log in to the account. The NAT feature of your router will map the IP addresses assigned to your network to this address for accessing the Internet. Some applications may be incompatible with NAT.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Network Checklist The Model RM356 Modem Router uses the Internet Protocol (IP). The IP configuration has the following requirements: • All host devices must have TCP/IP installed and selected as the networking protocol. • All host devices including the router must be assigned IP addresses. If your ISP or network administrator has not assigned these, use private addresses.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Connecting the Router The front panel of the Model RM356 Modem Router, as illustrated in Figure 2-1, contains status LEDs. Refer to the illustration to locate the LEDs and to Table 2-1 for descriptions. You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 2-1 lists and describes each LED on the front panel of the router. These LEDs are green when lit. Table 2-1. LED Descriptions Label Activity Description PWR (Power) On Power is supplied to the router. TEST Blinking/Off The router is functioning properly. This LED will blink during initialization and will then turn off. COL (Collision) Blinking Data collision is occurring on the LAN.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router The rear panel of the Model RM356 Modem Router is shown in Figure 2-2. Refer to this diagram to identify all of the ports on the router when you attempt to make any connections.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Connecting to the Hub Ports The Model RM356 Modem Router provides four Ethernet twisted pair hub ports for connecting to PCs and workstations. Connections are made using standard straight-through UTP cables like the one included with your router. The hub of the Model RM356 Modem Router may be connected to another hub using the uplink port on the hub to which you are connecting or by using a crossover cable to a normal port.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Connecting for Configuration If you are a PC user, you can configure the router through either the FirstGear ISDN Router Configuration Utility, which is an easy-to-use software program, or the menu-based built-in Manager interface. For complete instructions on using FirstGear, refer to Getting Started Using FirstGear for the Model RM356 Modem Router.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Connecting Through a Telnet Connection You can access the built-in Manager interface by a Telnet call from any TCP/IP workstation on the LAN or the remote network. In order to use the Telnet Protocol, you must know the current IP address of the router. If the router has no IP address, you must first use a serial connection or the FirstGear utility to assign an IP address. The router ships with an address of 192.168.0.1.
Chapter 3 Router Configuration This chapter contains information about configuring your Model RM356 Modem Router through the built-in Manager interface. Configuration Methods If you are using a PC, you have the following two options to configure your router: • Through FirstGear FirstGear is an easy-to-use Windows-based utility that leads you through a Quick Setup or an Advanced menu for configuring your router.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Powering on the Router When you turn power on to the router, several internal tests are performed by the router. After the initialization, the start-up display appears, as illustrated in Figure 3-1. ethernet address: 00:a0:c5:e0:23:cc Wan port init ... done Modem init . inactive Press ENTER to continue... Figure 3-1. Start-up Display To continue: 1. Press [Enter] when prompted. A login screen is displayed and prompts you to enter a password. 2.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Navigating the Manager The Manager is the interface that you use to configure your router. Table 3-1 lists and describes the commands that enable you to navigate through the menus in the Manager. Table 3-1. Manager Menu Commands Action Description Move forward to another menu Enter the number of the submenu and press [Enter]. Move back to a previous menu Press [Esc].
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router The Manager Main Menu is illustrated in Figure 3-2. RM356 Main Menu Getting Started 1. General Setup 2. MODEM Setup 3. Ethernet Setup 4. Internet Access Setup Advanced Applications 11. Remote Node Setup 12. Static Routing Setup 13. Default Dial-in User Setup 14. Dial-in User Setup Advanced Management 21. Filter Set Configuration 23. System Security 24. System Maintenance 99. Exit Enter Menu Selection Number: Figure 3-2.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Manager Menu Summary Table 3-2 describes the top-level Manager menus. Table 3-2. Manager Menu Summary Number Menu Title Description 1 General Setup This menu is accessed to set up general information (router name, for example). 2 MODEM Setup This menu is accessed to set up modem port configuration. 3 Ethernet Setup This menu is accessed to set up Ethernet configuration.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router General Setup Menu The General Setup Menu contains administrative and system-related information. To enter administrative and system-related information: 1. Enter 1 from the Main Menu to display Menu 1 - General Setup, as illustrated in Figure 3-3. Figure 3-3. 2. Menu 1 - General Setup Enter the system name in the System Name field of the menu. For identification purposes, choose a descriptive name for the router, such as RM356 or NewYork.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router MODEM Menus Menu 2 is for configuring the internal 56K modem. Advanced MODEM setup is provided by a submenu, Menu 2.1. MODEM Setup Menu Use the commands and menus described in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 to display the MODEM Setup menu. Table 3-3 lists and describes each field in the menu and how to enter the information in each field. Table 3-3.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Advanced MODEM Setup Menu Use the commands described in Table 3-3 to display Menu 2.1 - Advanced MODEM Setup. When you finish entering the information for all the fields: • Press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Confirm prompt to save your selections. or • Press [Esc] to cancel. When you press [Enter], the router uses the information that you enter to initialize the internal modem. Table 3-4 lists and describes the fields for Menu 2.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Ethernet Menu Menu 3 is for configuring the Ethernet LAN parameters, including interface type, filters, DHCP, and IP address information. From the Main Menu, enter 3 to display Menu 3 - Ethernet Setup. There are two submenus: Menu 3.1 - General Setup and Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup. Refer to the following sections for descriptions of these submenus. Refer to Table 3-1 on page 3-3 for information about navigating through the menus.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router DHCP and TCP/IP Setup The router has the capability to act as a DHCP server, allowing it to assign IP, DNS, and Default Gateway addresses to attached PCs or workstations. The assigned Default Gateway address is the LAN address of the router, as set in the TCP/IP section. Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 3-6. Menu 3 - Ethernet Setup Menu Fields (continued) Field TCP/IP Setup (continued) RIP Direction RIP Version Router Configuration Description This parameter determines how the router handles RIP (Routing Information Protocol) with other routing devices on the LAN. If set to Both (default), the router broadcasts the routing table of the router on the LAN and incorporates RIP broadcasts by other routers into its routing table.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Manager Password Setup To change the Manager password: 1. Select option 23 (System Password) from the main menu to display Menu 23 - System Password. 2. Enter your previous system password and press [Enter]. 3. Enter your new system password and press [Enter]. 4. Enter your new system password again for confirmation and press [Enter].
Chapter 4 Configuration for Internet Access This chapter provides information to help you configure your Model RM356 Modem Router for Internet access. Information Checklist Use Menu 4 of the Manager to configure Internet access.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Internet Access Configuration You can configure the router for access to an Internet service provider (ISP) using Menu 4, Internet Access Setup. When you complete this menu, the router will automatically add a Remote Node for your ISP in Menu 11, using typical ISP configuration parameters in addition to those you have specified in Menu 4. The router will also create a default static route for the ISP in Menu 12.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router 6. Enter your password in the My Password field. Enter the password associated with the login name from your ISP. 7. Enter single-user account information in the Single User Account field. Refer to“Single IP Address Operation Using NAT” on page 1-12 and “Configuration for Single-User Account” on the next page for more information about the Single User Account field. The default is No. 8.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router • Single User Account: Server IP Addr If you want to make your local server (for example, a Web server) accessible to outside users, enter the IP address of that server here. Incoming packets with destination port numbers not handled by the router will be forwarded to this server address. Backup ISP Accounts It may be desirable to configure more than one ISP account for backup purposes.
Chapter 5 Remote Node Configuration This chapter discusses the protocol-independent parameters used to configure a remote node. The protocol-dependent (TCP/IP) configuration is covered in a later chapter. A remote node represents both a remote gateway and the network behind it across a wide-area network (WAN) connection. A remote node is required for placing calls to a remote network or answering calls from a remote network. One common type of remote node is an Internet service provider (ISP).
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 5-1. Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile Fields Field Description Rem Node Name This field is required. Enter a descriptive name for the remote node (for example, MyOffice). This field supports up to eight characters. This name must be unique from any other remote node name or remote dial-in user name. Active Press the space bar to toggle between Yes and No.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 5-1. Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile Fields (continued) Field Pri(mary) Phone Number and Sec(ondary) Phone Number Description Both the Primary and Secondary Phone numbers refer to the number that the router dials to connect to the remote node. The router calls the remote node using the Primary Phone number first. If the Primary Phone number is busy or does not answer, the router calls the Secondary Phone number if available.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Editing PPP Options To edit PPP options: 1. Select Yes in the Edit PPP Options field of Submenu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile. 2. Press [Enter] to display Menu 11.2 Remote Node PPP Options. 3. Edit the options described in Table 5-2. 4. Press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Confirm... prompt to confirm your selections, and return to the previous menu. Press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections. 5. Continue to the end of Menu 11.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Editing Script Options Some ISPs require login script handshaking during a call connection. The Model RM356 Modem Router provides six sets of programming scripts for this purpose. Each set of scripts is composed of an Expect string and a Send string. After capturing and verifying the string in the Expect field, the router will send out the string in the Send field. If both the Expect and Send fields are empty, the router will terminate script handshaking.
Chapter 6 Dial-In Configuration You can configure the router to receive calls from remote dial-in users (for example, telecommuters) and remote nodes. Several differences exist between remote dial-in users and remote nodes: • The router can make calls to or answer calls from the remote node, but the remote dial-in user calls are incoming or callback only.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 6-1 lists and describes the fields in the Default Dial-in Setup menu and explains how to configure the protocol-independent fields in this menu. Table 6-1. Fields in Menu 13 - Default Dial-in Setup Field Description Telco Options: CLID Authen This field sets the CLID authentication parameter for all incoming calls. The three options for this field are: • None—No CLID is required (default).
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 6-1. Fields in Menu 13 - Default Dial-in Setup (continued) Field Description IP Address Supplied By: Dial-in User If this field is set to Yes, the router allows a remote host to specify its own IP address. If this field is set to No, the remote host uses the IP address assigned by the router from the IP pool. The default is Yes. IP Pool If this field is set to Yes, the router provides the remote host with an IP address from the pool.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router When you have completed filling in Menu 14.1 - Edit Dial-in User, press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Confirm... prompt to save your selections. You can press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections. Table 6-2 lists and describes the fields in the Edit Dial-in User menu. Table 6-2. Fields in Menu 14.1 - Edit Dial-in User Field Description User Name This field is required and used as the login name for authentication.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router More On CLID CLID allows the Model RM356 Modem Router to authenticate a caller before a call is answered, thus saving the cost of a connection. The router uses the caller ID information provided by the telephone company during call setup to match against the CLID in the database. Besides authentication, another application of CLID is to combine it with callback.
Chapter 7 TCP/IP Configuration This chapter describes how to configure your Model RM356 Modem Router for TCP/IP. Depending on your particular applications, you must configure different menus. For instance, Internet access is the most common application of TCP/IP. For this application, you should configure Menu 4. Configurations for other applications are provided in the following sections.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Remote Node Setup See Chapter 5, “Remote Node Configuration,” for information about using the protocolindependent parameters on Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile. Use the fields described in Table 7-1 to set the protocol-dependent parameters. Note: If you are configuring the router to receive an incoming call, you must also set the default dial-in parameters in Menu 13 (see Chapter 6, “Dial-In Configuration”). Table 7-1. Fields in Menu 11.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 7-2 lists and describes the fields for Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options. Table 7-2. Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options Fields Field Description Rem IP Address This read-only field shows the IP address you entered for this remote node in the previous menu. Rem Subnet Mask This field will display the standard class netmask for the network address of the remote router.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 7-2. Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options Fields (continued) Field Description RIP: RIP Direction This parameter determines how the router handles RIP (Routing Information Protocol). If set to Both (default), the router broadcasts its routing table to other routers and incorporates RIP broadcasts by other routers into its routing table.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router When you complete the menu, press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Confirm... prompt to save your selections, or press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections. Table 7-3 lists and describes the fields for Menu 12.1 - Edit IP Static Route. Table 7-3. Edit IP Static Route Menu Fields Field Description Route Name Enter a descriptive name for this route for identification purposes only.
Chapter 8 Filter Configuration This chapter provides information about using filters and configuring filters for your Model RM356 Modem Router. The router uses filters to decide whether to allow passage of a data packet and/or to make a call over the phone line. Three types of filters are involved: incoming data filters, outgoing data filters, and call filters. Data filters screen the data to determine if the packet should be allowed to pass. Call filters are used to determine if a call should be placed.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router For incoming packets, the router applies data filters only. Packets are processed depending on whether a match is made. The router allows you to customize the filter sets that you want to use. The following sections describe how to configure the filter sets for the router. Router Filter Structure You can configure up to 12 filter sets, each with up to six rules.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router When you press [Enter], Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary is displayed. The information in this menu is read-only; the parameters of each rule that you configured for that set are displayed. Table 8-1 lists and describes the abbreviations used in Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary. Table 8-1. Abbreviations Used in Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary Abbreviation Description # Refers to the filter rule number (1–6). A Refers to Active.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router If the filter type is GEN (generic), the abbreviations listed in Table 8-3 are used. Table 8-3. Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is GEN Abbreviation Description Off Offset Len Length To configure a specific filter rule, select the number of the filter rule (1–6) that you want to configure and press [Enter] to display Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule. Configuring a Filter Rule You can configure two types of filter rules.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 8-4. TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu Fields Field Description Active In this field, you can make the filter rule active (Yes) or make the filter rule inactive (No). IP Protocol Protocol refers to the IP-specific protocol number. The value entered in this field should be a decimal number between 0 and 255 (for example, 17 refers to the UDP protocol). Refer to RFC1700, Assigned Numbers, for specific protocol numbers.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 8-4. TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu Fields (continued) Field Description TCP Estab This field is dependent upon the IP Protocol field. This field is inactive (N/A) unless the value in that field is 6 (TCP protocol). In this field, you determine what type of TCP packets to filter.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Generic Filter Rule This section provides information about configuring the protocol-independent parameters for a generic filter rule for your router. Table 8-5 lists the fields in the menu. When you complete Menu 21.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule, press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Confirm... prompt to confirm your selections. Press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections. The data entered is displayed on Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary. Table 8-5.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 8-5. Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields (continued) Field Description Log In this field, you can determine if you want to log the results of packets attempting to pass the filter rule. These results are displayed on the System Log (see “View Error Log” on page 9-4). Seven options are available for this field: • None—No packets are logged (default). • Action Matched—Only packets that match the rule parameters are logged.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Reducing Unnecessary Calls by Windows 95 One example of when to apply a filter set is reducing unnecessary calls by Windows 95. When using Windows 95 with a dial-up router, you may need to make some configuration changes to avoid having calls placed unnecessarily.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router You can wait until an erroneous call is placed, then examine this packet header to determine the source and cause. The IP packet header contains information such as the next-level protocol type (for example, ICMP, TCP, UDP), source and destination addresses, and source and destination port numbers. Analyzing this data reveals the cause of the call, which provides the user with an approach to eliminating the calls.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Implementing the Filter Now you can proceed to define a call filter to block the three NetBIOS service ports. The Filter Set Configuration Menu is shown in Figure 8-3. To define a call filter: 1. Go to Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration, and choose a name and filter set.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router 3. Set “Active” to Yes, and specify the IP Protocol as 17, which is the UDP protocol number (in decimal) from the Assigned Numbers RFC as described on page 8-10. 4. Specify Source Port #137, NetBIOS Naming Service, and set the Port # Comparison field to look for port numbers “equal” to 137. For packets that match this comparison, you want to drop the packet, so set Action Matched to “Drop.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router 5. Define the next five rules the same way—one for each combination of the three port numbers and the two protocol types. The last rule, however, will be slightly different. For Action Not Matched, select “Forward.” Any packet that has not matched any of the six rules will be forwarded for routing. When all six rules are defined, Menu 21.1 should appear as it does in Figure 8-5.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Applying the Filter When the filter design is finished, you must tell the router where to apply the filter. Apply it as a Call Filter in the remote node that reaches your DNS server(s) (usually your ISP node). Go to Menu 11.1, Remote Node Profile, and enter the number of the filter under “Call Filter Sets” as shown in Figure 8-6. If you have multiple filters, you can cascade up to four by entering their numbers separated by commas.
Chapter 9 System Maintenance The Model RM356 Modem Router provides diagnostic tools for maintenance. These diagnostic tools include displays of system status, modem status, log and trace capabilities, and upgrades to the system software. This chapter describes the use of these tools. System Status The System Maintenance Status Menu (Menu 24.1) allows the user to monitor the operation of the router.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 9-2 lists the fields for Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance Status. These fields are read-only fields. Table 9-2. System Maintenance Status Menu Fields Field Description Port: This field displays the WAN port number (1). For each channel the screen displays: Status The remote node the channel is currently connected to, or the status of the channel (Idle, Calling, or Answering). Speed The current connecting speed.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Figure 9-1 illustrates two packet examples shown on Menu 24.1. The first is an ICMP Ping packet (Type: IP) triggering the call, and the second is a SAP broadcast packet (Type: RAW). With this information, you can determine the source IP address (C0 44 87 22) of the packet or the source MAC address (00 40 95 90 04 B9) of the packet.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 9-3 lists the fields and commands for Menu 24.3 - System Maintenance - Log and Trace. Table 9-3. System Maintenance - Log and Trace Menu Fields Command Field Enter 1 View Error Log Enter 2 Syslog and Accounting View Error Log Select the first option from Menu 24.3 - System Maintenance - Log and Trace to display the Error Log in the system. Use the space bar to scroll this screen if necessary.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router You must configure the parameters to activate syslog (Table 9-4). Table 9-4. System Maintenance - Syslog and Accounting Menu Fields Field Command Description Active Press the space bar to toggle between yes and no. The syslog option is turned on or off. Syslog IP Address This field is the IP address location to Enter the address in dotted-decimal send your syslog. notation such as a.b.c.d where a, b, c, and d are numbers between 0 and 255.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Diagnostic Menu The diagnostic menu allows you to test several functions of your router. From the Main Menu, enter 24 to display Menu 24 - System Maintenance. Enter 4 to display Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance - Diagnostic.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Table 9-5. System Maintenance - Diagnostic Menu Fields (continued) Field Command Description [Enter 21] This option reboots the system, implementing any changes that may have been recently added to your system. System Reboot System Command Mode [Enter 22] This option allows the user to enter the command mode. This mode allows you to diagnose and test your router using a specified set of commands.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Figure 9-3 shows an example of a trace display for a failed call when using a TCP/IP protocol connection. Start dialing for node<1> ### Hit any key to continue.### Dialing chan<2> phone(last 9–digit):40101 Call CONNECT speed<64000> chan<2> prot<1> LCP up CHAP send response ###Login to remote failed. Check name/passwd. Receive Terminate REQ LCP down Line Down chan<2> Figure 9-3.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Back Up Configuration Select option 5 from Menu 24 - Maintenance to back up the current configuration settings of your router onto a disk. NETGEAR highly recommends backing up your router configuration after it is functioning. The procedure for downloading varies depending on the type of terminal software used to access the router. Your terminal software must have the ability to transfer data using the XMODEM Protocol to perform the backup.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router To update the RAS software: 1. Select Menu 24 - System Maintenance. 2. Enter 7 to select Software Update. 3. Enter 1 to select Load RAS code. A message is displayed showing further instructions and asking if you want to continue. 4. Press y and wait for the Debug Mode command prompt. 5. Enter the command atur and wait. After about 30 seconds, the router displays the Starting XMODEM upload... message. 6.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Blacklist The blacklist function prevents the router from redialing an unreachable phone number (a number to which it has been unable to connect). The router maintains a list of phone numbers (up to a maximum of 14) to which it will not make an outgoing call. When the router attempts to dial a phone number and fails a certain number of times, the phone number is put onto the blacklist. You must restore the number manually before it can be dialed again.
Chapter 10 Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your Model RM356 Modem Router. After each problem description, instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem. Basic Functioning When you turn on power to the router, the PWR LED lights. If the PWR LED does not light, refer to the next section, “LEDS.” After the PWR LED lights, the router performs a self-test for 15 seconds. After this self-test, the Test LED should begin to blink at a rate of about 0.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router • Connected hub or workstation Make sure that the connected hub or workstation is powered on. • Ethernet cable If you are connecting the router LAN port directly to a workstation or to the uplink (MDI) port of another hub, use a standard straight-through Ethernet cable such as the one provided.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router If the path is not functioning correctly, you could have one of the following problems: • • Wrong physical connections – Make sure the LAN LED is on for the port attached to your PC. If the LAN LED is off, follow the instructions in “LAN Link LED” on page 10-1. – Check that the Link LED is on for the network interface card in your PC or workstation.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Troubleshooting a Remote Node or ISP Connection To troubleshoot a remote node or an ISP connection, follow these instructions: • • Place a manual call to the remote node, using Menu 24.4.5. The progress of the call is displayed on the screen. If the call does not connect, verify the following parameters in Menu 11: – Pri(mary) Phone # – Sec(ondary) Phone # Verify your IP address in Menu 3.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router 2. Verify that the IP address is supplied correctly in Menu 13 if the remote dial-in user is negotiating IP. Check that the remote dial-in user is supplying a valid IP address and that the router is assigning a valid address from the IP pool. 3. Verify the user name and password for the remote dial-in user in Menu 14. If you are still unable to determine the problem, refer to “Using the Packet and Log Trace” on page 10-7.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Restoring the Default Configuration and Password The user can erase the current configuration and restore defaults by uploading the initialization file romfile0 or romdhcp, which can be found in the directory in which FirstGear was installed. These files are also available on the NETGEAR Web site. This procedure will restore the Manager password to 1234 and will set the Manager baud rate to 9600.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Using the Packet and Log Trace You can diagnose PPP connection failures using the packet trace feature of the Model RM356 Modem Router. To invoke the packet trace: 1. Access the internal Manager of the router using a serial or Telnet terminal connection. 2. If you will be tracing an outgoing call, go to Menu 11 (Remote Node Setup) and note which remote node number, N, corresponds to the location you will be calling. 3.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router Packet Trace Display Format Data packets are time stamped and displayed up to the first 32 bytes. PPP message packets are summarized, but their contents are not displayed. The format of the packet trace display is shown in the following packet example: 125 fe405c 0 PNET ebp=4ad00,seqNum=27 PPP1-RECV:24 len:26 Figure 10-1 breaks down and defines the packet trace display for the preceding packet example.
Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the Model RM356 Modem Router. General Specification Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility WAN Protocols: PPP Data and Routing Protocols: TCP/IP, RIP-1, RIP-2, DHCP Modem Standard: V.
Reference Guide for the Model RM356 Modem Router All regions (output): 16 V AC @ 1A output, 22W maximum Physical Specifications Dimensions: 253 by 181 by 35 mm 9.95 by 7.1 by 1.4 in. Weight: 1.1 kg 2.5 lb.
Index A AC power adapter, connecting 2-8 accounting function 9-4 Call Direction field, Remote Node Profile menu 5-2 Action Matched/Not Matched field Generic Filter Rule menu 8-8 TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 8-6 call testing 9-7 Active field Edit Dial-in User 6-4 Edit IP Static Route menu 7-5 Generic Filter Rule menu 8-7 Modem Setup menu 3-7 Remote Node Profile menu 5-2 script options display 5-5 Syslog and Accounting menu 9-5 TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 8-5 Callback field, Edit Dial-in User 6-4 Address Resolu
D F default configuration, restoring 10-6 features 1-1 Default Dial-in Setup menu 6-1 Filter Rules Summary menu 8-3, 8-7 Destination field, TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 8-5 filter type, Generic IP 8-3 Destination IP Address field, Edit IP Static Route menu 7-5 filtering process, example 8-1 devices, connecting 2-8 DHCP 1-3, 1-14, 3-10 DHCP Setup field, Ethernet Setup menu 3-10 Diagnostic menu 9-6 Dial-in User Setup menu 6-4 filters configuring 8-1 for reducing Windows 95 calls 8-9 FirstGear descriptio
IP addresses and NAT 1-12 and the Internet 1-6 assigning 1-6, 4-1 masquerading 1-3 private 1-11 IP configuration, by DHCP 1-14 IP Mask (destination) field, TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 8-5 IP Mask (source) field, TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 8-5 IP Protocol field, TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 8-5 IP Source Route field, TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 8-5 IP Subnet Mask field, Edit IP Static Route menu 7-5 ISP Connection, troubleshooting 10-4 L LAN Packet Which Triggered Last Call field, System Maintenance Status menu 9-2 LEDs de
Metric field Edit IP Static Route menu 7-5 Remote Node Network Layer Options menu 7-3 MGR port 2-7 mode, command interpreter 9-10 Modem Name field, Modem Setup menu 3-7 More field Generic Filter Rule menu 8-7 TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 8-6 Multiple Link Options field, Remote Node PPP Options menu 5-4 My WAN Addr field, Remote Node Network Layer Options menu 7-3 Password field, Edit Dial-in User 6-4 PC, using to configure 1-4, 2-9, 3-1 Phone # field, Edit Dial-in User 6-4 Phone Number field, Modem Setup menu 3
R router concepts 1-5 RAS S/W Version, System Maintenance Status menu 9-2 router, connecting 2-5 rear panel 2-7 RX Pkts field, System Maintenance Status menu 9-2 Redirect to Modem field, System Maintenance Diagnostic menu 9-6 Routing Information Protocol.
T U TCP Estab field, TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 8-6 UNIX system, using to configure 1-4, 2-9, 3-1 TCP/IP configuration, testing 9-6 configuring 7-1 network, troubleshooting 10-2 Protocol 9-7 requirements 2-4 tools 9-7 using with LAN-to-LAN 7-1 User Name field, Edit Dial-in User 6-4 TCP/IP field, System Maintenance - Diagnostic menu 9-6 TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 8-4 V Value field, Generic Filter Rule menu 8-7 W WAN Menus, manager interface 3-7 WAN port, setting up 3-7 warranty 1-3 TCP/IP Setup field, Eth