Cabletron Systems Title Page MMAC-Plus™ Remote Management for the 9H42x-xx Series Fast Ethernet SmartSwitch™ Modules
Notice Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made. The hardware, firmware, or software described in this manual is subject to change without notice.
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Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Using the 9H42x-xx User’s Guide .............................................................................. 1-3 Related Manuals............................................................................................................ 1-4 Software Conventions .................................................................................................. 1-4 Common 9H42x-xx Window Fields ....................................................................
Contents Creating and Editing a Basic Alarm .................................................................... 3-6 Disabling a Basic Alarm ........................................................................................ 3-9 Viewing the Basic Alarm Log ............................................................................... 3-9 Advanced Alarm Configuration ............................................................................... 3-11 Accessing the RMON Advanced Alarm/Event List.......
Contents Filtering Database ....................................................................................................... 5-19 Configuring the Filtering Database................................................................... 5-22 Altering the Ageing Time ............................................................................ 5-23 Changing the Type of Entry ........................................................................ 5-23 Changing the Receive Port .............................
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Chapter 1 Introduction How to use this guide; related guides; software conventions; getting help; 9H42x-xx firmware versions Welcome to the Cabletron Systems MMAC-Plus Remote Management for the 9H42x-xx Series Fast Ethernet SmartSwitch™ Modules User’s Guide. We have designed this guide to serve as a simple reference for using SPECTRUM Element Manager for the 9H42x-xx family of Fast Ethernet SmartSwitch Modules for the MMAC-Plus.
Introduction Each front-panel port (regardless of media type or bandwidth capability) can be configured to operate in Full Duplex Switched Ethernet (FDSE) mode. FDSE allows for each 10BaseT port to provide dedicated 20-Mbps bandwidth for connections to file servers or high-end workstations, while 100BaseTX or 100BaseFX ports can be used to deploy fault-tolerant 200-Mbps backbone links. All 100BaseTX ports also support auto-negotiation.
Introduction Using the 9H42x-xx User’s Guide Remote management for the 9H42x-xx family of modules is available from two main resources: the MMAC-Plus Chassis View application, which displays and provides management for an MMAC-Plus chassis (and its installed modules); and the individual Module Views, which provide management for single modules.
Introduction Related Manuals The MMAC-Plus Remote Management for the 9H42x-xx Series Fast Ethernet SmartSwitch Modules User’s Guide is only part of a complete document set designed to provide comprehensive information about the features available to you through SPECTRUM Element Manager.
Introduction Device Name IP Address Location MAC Address Figure 1-1. Sample Window Showing Informational Text Boxes Device Name Displays the user-defined name of the device. The device name can be changed via the System Group window; see the Generic SNMP Management Module Guide for details. IP Address Displays the device’s IP (Internet Protocol) Address; this will be the IP address used to define the device icon.
Introduction Using Buttons The button that appears at the bottom of most windows allows you to exit a window and terminate any unsaved changes you have made. You may also have to use this button to close a window after you have made any necessary changes and set them by clicking on an , , or button. An , , or button appears in windows that have configurable values; it allows you to confirm and SET changes you have made to those values.
Introduction Getting Help from Cabletron Systems’ Global Call Center If you need support related to SPECTRUM Element Manager, or if you have any questions, comments, or suggestions related to this manual or any of our products, please feel free to contact Cabletron Systems’ Global Call Center via one of the following methods: By phone: Monday through Friday between 8 AM and 8 PM Eastern Standard Time at (603) 332-9400 By mail: Cabletron Systems, Inc.
Introduction 1-8 9H42x-xx Firmware
Chapter 2 The 9H42x-xx Module View Accessing the Module View; information displayed in the Module View window; the Chassis Manager window; module management functions; port configuration The Module View window is the main screen that immediately informs you of the status of the front panel interfaces and the INB backplane connection on your 9H42x-xx module via a color-coded, graphical display.
The 9H42x-xx Module View from the MMAC-Plus Chassis View: 1. Click the left mouse button on the index number for the slot which contains the 9H42x-xx module you wish to manage. 2. On the resulting menu, click to select Device View. The 9H42x-xx Module View, illustrated in Figure 2-1, will appear.
The 9H42x-xx Module View By clicking in designated areas of the module’s graphical display (as detailed later in this chapter), or by using the menu bar at the top of the Module View window, you can access all of the menus that lead to more detailed device- and port- level windows. TIP When you move the mouse cursor over a management “hot spot” the cursor icon will change into a “hand” to indicate that clicking in the current location will bring up a management option.
The 9H42x-xx Module View MAC The physical layer address assigned to the interface through which SPECTRUM Element Manager is communicating with the 9H42x-xx Module. Unless your management station is communicating through the front panel of the module, this will reflect the MAC address of the SMB 10 backplane management interface. MAC addresses are hard-coded in the device, and are not configurable. Boot Prom The revision of BOOT PROM installed in the 9H42x-xx module.
The 9H42x-xx Module View Figure 2-2. 9H42x-xx Module View Menu Structure The Device Menu From the Device Menu at the Module View window menu bar, you can access the following selections: • Device Type..., which displays a window containing a description of the device being modeled. • Edit Device Time... and Edit Device Date..., which allow you to set the 9H42x-xx module’s internal clock. • System Group..., which allows you to manage the 9H42x-xx module via SNMP MIB II.
The 9H42x-xx Module View • Power Supply, Chassis Power Detail, and Environment View provide access to windows which provide information about the MMAC-Plus chassis the selected module is installed in. A detailed description of these windows can be found in the Using MMAC-Plus Remote Management User’s Guide included with your software. • Bridge Status..., which opens a window that provides an overview of bridging information for each port, and allows you to access all other bridge-related options.
The 9H42x-xx Module View Refer to your SPECTRUM Element Manager Tools Guide for information on the MIB Tools utility, and to the SPECTRUM Element Manager Remote Monitoring (RMON) User’s Guide for more information on the RMON tool. The Help Menu The Help Menu has three selections: • MIBS Supported, which brings up the Chassis Manager window, described on page 2-11.
The 9H42x-xx Module View The Port Menu The menu for the INB and Ethernet interfaces offers the following selections: • Performance Graph..., which brings up a bridging statistics window specific to the selected interface. • Source Addressing...., which brings up a window allowing you to see which source addresses are communicating through the selected switch port when it is using 802.1d bridging. See Using Source Addressing in Chapter 5 for more information. • I/F Statistics...
The 9H42x-xx Module View Selecting a Port Status View To change the status view of your ports: 1. Click on Port Status on the menu bar at the top of the Module View window; a menu will appear. 2. Drag down (and to the right, if necessary) to select the status information you want to display. The port text boxes will display the appropriate status information.
The 9H42x-xx Module View If you have selected the Admin status mode, a port is considered: • ON if the port is enabled by management. • OFF if it has been disabled through management action. Note that the Admin state reflects the state requested by management; depending on the circumstances, this may or may not match the current Operator status, described below. If you have selected the Operator status mode, a port is considered: • ON if the port is currently forwarding packets.
The 9H42x-xx Module View I/F Speed If you choose the I/F Speed mode, the interface boxes will display the bandwidth of each individual interface on the 9H42x-xx module: 10M (megabits) for standard Ethernet; 100M for Fast Ethernet; and 2500M for the INB backplane interface. I/F Type If you choose the I/F Type mode, the interface boxes will display the network type supported by each interface on the 9H42x-xx module: Eth (ethernet-csmacd) or Other (for the INB backplane interface).
The 9H42x-xx Module View The MIBs which provide the 9H42x-xx module’s functionality — both proprietary MIBs and IETF RFCs — are listed here MIB Components are listed here; remember, there’s no one-to-one correspondence between MIBs and MIB Components Figure 2-3. Chassis Manager Window To view the Chassis Manager window: 1. Click on Help on the menu bar at the top of the Module View window. 2. Click again to select MIBs Supported, and release.
The 9H42x-xx Module View Viewing I/F Summary Information The I/F Summary menu option available from the Device menu lets you view statistics (displayed both graphically and numerically) for the traffic processed by each network interface on your device. The window also provides access to a detailed statistics window that breaks down Transmit and Receive traffic for each interface; in addition, an Applications button in the I/F Summary window lets you access SNMP MIB-II windows for device management.
The 9H42x-xx Module View Host interfaces and the backplane INB interface), and ethernet-csmacd (for both standard and Fast Ethernet front panel interfaces, and the backplane SMB 10 management interface). Description A text description of the interface: SMB 1 and SMB 10 (for the MMAC-Plus backplane management interfaces); Host (for the module’s two internal host interfaces); INB (for the INB backplane interface), and Ethernet (for both standard and Fast Ethernet front panel interfaces). P.
The 9H42x-xx Module View In Packets Packets (both unicast and non-unicast) received by the device interface and delivered to a higher-layer protocol. In Errors Packets received by the device interface that contained errors that prevented them from being delivered to a higher-layer protocol. In Discards Packets received by the device interface that were discarded even though no errors prevented them from being delivered to a higher layer protocol (e.g., to free up buffer space in the device).
The 9H42x-xx Module View Viewing Interface Detail The Interface Statistics window (Figure 2-6) provides detailed MIB-II interface statistical information — including counts for both transmit and receive packets, and error and buffering information — for each individual port interface. Color-coded pie charts also let you graphically view statistics for both received and transmitted Unicast, Multicast, Discarded, and Error packets. To open the Interface Statistics window: 1.
The 9H42x-xx Module View Type Displays the interface type of the selected port: ethernet-csmacd, sdlc, or other. The lower portion of the window provides the following transmit and receive statistics; note that the first four statistics are also graphically displayed in the pie charts. Unicast Displays the number of packets transmitted to or received from this interface that had a single, unique destination address. These statistics are displayed in the pie chart, color-coded green.
The 9H42x-xx Module View Packets Transmitted (Transmit only) Displays the number of packets transmitted by this interface.
The 9H42x-xx Module View Figure 2-7. Find Source Address Window 3. In the text field, enter a valid MAC address in hexadecimal format, then click . If you enter an invalid address — that is, one not in hexadecimal xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx- format — an error window will appear indicating that the selected address is invalid. If the selected MAC address is found in the 9H42x-xx module’s Filtering Database, the bridge interface through which the address is communicating will flash in the Module View display.
The 9H42x-xx Module View Configuring Standard Ethernet Ports The Port Configuration window available for standard Ethernet ports allows you to set an interface to either Standard or Full Duplex Mode. Full Duplex mode effectively doubles the available wire speed by allowing the interface to both receive and transmit simultaneously. This window will also display the mode currently in effect on the selected interface. To access the Port Configuration Window: 1.
The 9H42x-xx Module View Be sure to click on to set your changes; note that the interface’s current mode can be determined by the field selected in the window. Configuring Fast Ethernet Ports For any Fast Ethernet interface, the Port Configuration window allows you to both view and set that port’s available modes.
The 9H42x-xx Module View NOTE TIP The Advertised Abilities functionality is not supported by the FE-100FX Fast Ethernet port module; if you launch the Configuration window for one of these modules, the Advertised Abilities and Remote Capabilities sections of the window will be grayed out. If you launch the window for a port module slot which has no FE module installed, the Port Type will display as Unknown, the Link State will display No Link, and the rest of the fields will be blank and/or grayed out.
The 9H42x-xx Module View ! CAUTION If you choose to select a specific mode of operation (rather than auto-negotiation), you should be sure that the link partner supports the same mode. Otherwise, no link will be achieved. If you select a Full Duplex mode and the link partner supports the same wire speed but not Full Duplex, a link will be achieved, but it will be unstable and will behave erratically.
The 9H42x-xx Module View • Link Partner does not support auto negotiation — auto negotiation is either not supported by or is not currently selected on the remote port. • Unknown — the link partner’s capabilities could not be determined. When the local node is not set to Auto-Negotiation, this field will be grayed out, even if the link partner is set to Auto-Negotiation and is advertising abilities.
The 9H42x-xx Module View For 100Base-FX ports, options are: 100Base-FX — 100 Mbps connection, Standard Mode 100Base-FX Full Duplex — 100 Mbps connection, Duplex Mode 2. If you have selected Auto Negotiation (for 100Base-TX ports only), use the Advertised Abilities field to select the operational capabilities you wish to advertise to the port’s link partner. If both link partners will be auto-negotiating, be sure there is at least one mutually-advertised operational mode, or no link will be achieved.
The 9H42x-xx Module View 2. Enter the new time in a 24-hour hh:mm:ss format, either by highlighting the field you wish to change and using the up and down arrow buttons, or by simply entering the new value in the appropriate field. 3. Click on to save the changes, or on to exit without changes. To edit the device date: 1. Click on Device on the Module View window menu bar to access the Device menu, drag down to Edit Device Date..., and release. The following change window, Figure 2-11, will appear.
The 9H42x-xx Module View To enable or disable bridging for an individual interface: 1. Click on the appropriate port display box to display the port menu. 2. Drag down to select Enable to enable bridging at the interface, or Disable to disable bridging. Bridging will now be enabled or disabled across the selected port, as desired. To enable or disable bridging for all interfaces on the selected module: 1. Click on the Bridge label to display the Bridge menu. 2.
The 9H42x-xx Module View 2-28 Managing the Module
Chapter 3 Alarm Configuration Accessing the Basic and Advanced Alarms windows; creating a basic alarm; creating an advanced alarm; creating events; assigning actions to events; viewing the event log Through the RMON Alarm and Event functionality supported by your 9H42x-xx, you can configure alarms and events (and, where appropriate, actions) for each available bridging interface. TIP The Alarm, Event, and Actions windows described in this chapter are identical to those provided via the RMON utility.
Alarm Configuration Using the Advanced Alarms feature, you can define custom alarms for almost any MIB-II or RMON object, as long as it is present in the device firmware and its value is defined as an integer (including counters, timeticks, and gauges).
Alarm Configuration Accessing the Basic Alarm Configuration Window To access the RMON Basic Alarm Configuration window: 1. From the Module View, click on the appropriate port interface to display the Port menu. 2. Drag down to Alarm Configuration, and release. The RMON Basic Alarm Configuration window, Figure 3-1, will appear. Figure 3-1.
Alarm Configuration Viewing Alarm Status The Basic Alarm Configuration window contains all the fields you need to configure one or more of the three basic alarms available for each interface installed in your RMON device: Kilobits — Total Errors — Broadcasts/Multicasts Use these fields at the top of the window to change the alarm type whose status is displayed in the list box.
Alarm Configuration Status Displays the current status of the selected alarm type for each interface: Enabled or Disabled. Remember, this status refers only to the alarm type which is selected at the top of the window; each of the other two alarm types can have different states.
Alarm Configuration TIP Before you decided whether or not to assign an action to a rising or falling alarm, it is important to understand something about the hysteresis function built in to the RMON alarm functionality. See How Rising and Falling Thresholds Work, page 3-27, for more information. The remainder of the window fields provide the means for configuring alarms for each available interface.
Alarm Configuration NOTES In order for the trap selection to work properly, your 9H42x-xx must be configured to send traps to your network management station. This can be accomplished via the Remote Administration Tools application or via Local Management and the Trap Table. See the Remote Administration Tools User’s Guide and/or your device hardware manual for more information.
Alarm Configuration 7. In the Rising Action field, click to select the action you want your device to take in response to a rising alarm: Enable Port, Disable Port, or None. Note that this action enables and disables only bridging at the specified port, and not the interface itself. For more information on how actions are triggered, see How Rising and Falling Thresholds Work, page 3-27. 8. Click in the Falling Threshold field; enter the low threshold value for this alarm.
Alarm Configuration Disabling a Basic Alarm Using the button at the bottom of the window actually performs two functions: it both disables the alarm and deletes the alarm entry (and its associated event and action entries) from device memory to help conserve device resources. In the list box display, the parameters for any “disabled” alarm are automatically reset to their default values. To disable an alarm: 1.
Alarm Configuration Figure 3-2. Basic Alarm Log The top portion of the Basic Alarm Log window contains the device information boxes, as well as the Port Number assigned to the interface that experienced the alarm condition and the type of alarm that was triggered; the remainder of the window contains the following information about each alarm occurrence: Index TIP This index number uniquely identifies each occurrence of a rising or falling event.
Alarm Configuration Advanced Alarm Configuration The Basic Alarm Configuration window provides a quick and easy way to set up some basic alarms for all of the interfaces installed in your 9H42x-xx.
Alarm Configuration NOTES Neither the Alarms or Events list is interface-specific; both will be displayed the same for every interface. Note, too, that alarms and events which have been configured via the Basic Alarms window are not displayed in and cannot be accessed or edited from the Advanced Alarm/Event List window.
Alarm Configuration (such as the Hosts component), not present, or unreachable, or it may have been deleted by software but not yet removed from memory at the device. An alarm that is underCreation is in the process of being configured (possibly by another management station), and should not be modified until its status is valid; if it never reaches valid status, it will eventually be removed. Alarm Variable Indicates the variable that is being watched.
Alarm Configuration Creating and Editing an Advanced Alarm The Create/Edit Alarms window (Figure 3-4) allows you to both create new alarms and edit existing ones. When you click on in the Alarms Watch list, the Create/Edit Alarms window will display the parameters of the alarm which is currently highlighted in the list. (If no alarms have yet been configured, a set of default parameters will be displayed.
Alarm Configuration If you wish to create an entirely new alarm, it doesn’t matter which existing alarm (if any) is highlighted when you open the Create/Edit Alarms window; although the window will, by default, display the parameters of whichever alarm is currently selected, all parameters are editable and can be configured as desired.
Alarm Configuration 4. To select the Variable to be used for your alarm, use the MIBTree panel provided on the right side of the window. (For more information about how to use the MIBTree panel, see the MIB Tools chapter in the Tools Guide.) The display will default to the top of the tree (labeled Internet); there are three ways to locate and/or assign the correct variable: a.
Alarm Configuration located in an RMON Statistics table, you can determine the appropriate instance by noting the index number assigned to the table that is collecting data on the interface you’re interested in. In the case of the default tables, index numbers often mirror interface numbers; however, if there are multiple default tables per interface, or if additional tables have been created, this may not be true.
Alarm Configuration NOTE If you wish to set an alarm on an object whose instance is non-integral — for example, a Host Table object indexed by MAC address — or on an object with multiple indices, like a Matrix Table entry (which is indexed by a pair of MAC addresses), you must follow certain special procedures for defining the instance. For these OIDs, the instance definition must take the following format: table index.length(in bytes).
Alarm Configuration 7. Since the first sample taken can be misleading, you can use the selections in the Startup Alarm box to disable either the rising or the falling threshold for that sample only. If you would like to exclude the falling alarm, select the Rising option; the first sample taken will only generate a rising alarm, even if the sample value is at or below the falling threshold.
Alarm Configuration 13. Click to set your changes. If you have made any errors in configuring alarm parameters (using an invalid value in any field, leaving a field blank, or selecting an alarm variable which is not resident on the device), an error window with the appropriate message will appear. Correct the noted problem(s), and click again.
Alarm Configuration Figure 3-5. The RMON Create/Edit Events Window TIP Whether you are modifying an existing event or creating a new one is determined solely by the assignment of the Index number: if you assign a previously unused index number, a new event instance will be created; if you use an existing index number, its associated event will be modified. 2. If you are creating a new event, use the Index field to assign a unique, currently unused index number to identify the event.
Alarm Configuration 3. Click in the Description text box to enter any text description you want to identify the event. This description will appear in the Events Watch window and help you distinguish among the events you have configured. 4. Any value you enter in the Community field will be included in any trap messages issued by your 9H42x-xx when this event is triggered; this value is also used to direct traps related to this event to the appropriate management workstation(s): a.
Alarm Configuration NOTES In order for the trap selection to work properly, your 9H42x-xx must be configured to send traps to the management station. This is accomplished via local management; consult your device hardware manual for more information. If you are monitoring a variable you consider to be critical, we do not recommend that you select Trap as the only event response; if a trap is lost due to a collision or other transmission problem, it will not be re-sent. c.
Alarm Configuration Figure 3-6. The RMON Create/Edit Actions Window NOTE If no button appears in the Create/Edit Events window, the selected RMON device does not support the Actions MIB. The Actions functionality will only be available for Cabletron devices, as it is supplied by a Cabletron proprietary MIB; for more information about devices which support this MIB, contact Cabletron Systems’ Global Call Center. 2.
Alarm Configuration Element Manager Tools Guide.) The display will default to the top of the tree (labeled Internet); there are three ways to locate and/or assign the correct variable: a. If you know the exact name of the OID whose value you wish to track, simply enter the name in the Variable field; to verify that you have entered the name correctly, click on to move the MIBTree display to that OID. (If MIBTree display does not adjust to show the OID you’ve entered, you’ve entered the name incorrectly.
Alarm Configuration Deleting an Alarm, Event, or Action To delete an alarm, event, or action: 1. In the appropriate window, highlight the alarm, event, or action you wish to remove. 2. Click on to remove. A window will appear asking you to confirm your selection; click on to delete, or on to cancel.
Alarm Configuration The top portion of the window contains the device information boxes, as well as the event index number and the event description; the log itself includes the following fields: Index This index number is not the event’s index, but a separate index that uniquely identifies this occurrence of the event. Time Indicates the date and time of each event occurrence.
Alarm Configuration Event Rising Threshold Falling Threshold Event Event Rising Threshold Falling Threshold Event Figure 3-8. Sample Rising and Falling Threshold Pairs TIP 3-28 The current version of the Basic Alarms window only allows you to configure a single pair of thresholds for each alarm variable on each interface; be sure to keep this hysteresis function in mind when configuring those threshold values.
Chapter 4 Statistics Accessing MIB-II interface or RMON statistics from the Module View; available statistics windows Each port menu in the 9H42x-xx Module View provides two statistics selections: Statistics and I/F Statistics.
Statistics NOTE If the selected interface displays MIB-II I/F Statistics and you were expecting to see RMON statistics, the RMON Default MIB component may be disabled; see the RMON User’s Guide for information on how to check (and if necessary, change) the admin status of the RMON Default MIB component.
Statistics Ethernet statistics are: Bytes Displays the total number of bytes contained in packets processed on the network segment. This number includes bytes contained in error packets. Packets Displays the total number of packets processed on the network segment. Again, this number includes error packets. Drop Events This field indicates the number of times packets were dropped because the device could not keep up with the flow of traffic on the network.
Statistics Fragments Indicates the number of packets processed by the network segment that were undersized (less than 64 bytes in length; a runt packet) and had either a non-integral number of bytes (alignment error) or a bad frame check sequence (CRC error). Jabbers Indicates the number of packets processed by the network segment that were oversized (greater than 1518 bytes; a giant packet) and had either a non-integral number of bytes (alignment error) or a bad frame check sequence (CRC error).
Statistics The percentages displayed to the right of the numerical values for these fields indicate what percentage of all packets transmitted on the network segment were of the noted size. Unless the network segment has experienced a significant number of runts and/or giants (which are not counted in this group), these percentages will add up to 100.
Statistics To temporarily freeze the statistics display, select the Freeze Stats option; in this mode, statistics will continue to be collected, but the display will not update. To resume normal updates, click again to de-select the freeze option. Printing Statistics The button located at the bottom of the Statistics window allows you to print the current snapshot of statistical data. When you select , a standard Windows print window like the sample shown in Figure 4-2 will appear. Figure 4-2.
Statistics Figure 4-3. Interface Statistics Window NOTE Because of the mismatch between the number of physical interfaces on the device and the number of interfaces performing bridging, the physical indexing of interfaces (the MIB-II ifIndex) does not match the indexing of ports with respect to the bridge. For all 9H42x-xx modules, bridge port indexing begins at index 1 with the INB interface (which has an ifIndex of 5); the remaining bridge ports are indexed sequentially from there.
Statistics The lower portion of the window provides the following transmit and receive statistics; note that the first four statistics are also graphically displayed in the pie charts. Unicast Displays the number of packets transmitted to or received from this interface that had a single, unique destination address. These statistics are displayed in the pie chart, color-coded green.
Chapter 5 Bridging Bridge management overview; the Bridge Status window; bridge Performance Graphs; changing bridge Spanning Tree parameters; configuring the Filtering Database; setting duplex modes; using the port Source Addressing window Bridging Basics When configured to operate as a traditional switch, your 9H42x-xx Fast Ethernet SmartSwitch modules have the ability to act as 802.
Bridging return a response to the source node that contains the route information field indicating which bridge paths the explorer packets took. In future communication between the two nodes, the original source node will append the best route to the destination node in a Routing Information Field (RIF) of its data frames, so that a bridge on the network will simply have to examine the RIF to verify whether it is a part of the route process.
Bridging • With the Filtering Database window, you can see the contents of the Static and Learned databases — the two address databases which construct the IEEE 802.1d Source Address Table. The switch uses the contents of these databases to make its packet filtering and forwarding decisions when using 802.1d bridging. You can configure entries in these databases to increase bridging efficiency across your network. • The Port Source Addressing window displays the contents of the 9H42x-xx switch’s 802.
Bridging Figure 5-1. The Bridge Status Window The Bridge Status window provides the following information for each individual bridging interface; the and buttons allow you to scroll the display to show all available bridge port interfaces. Up Time At the top of the Bridge Status window, you can see the time period (in a days, hours, minutes, seconds format) that has elapsed since the 9H42x-xx module was last reset or initialized. Spanning Tree State Indicates the state of bridging over each port interface.
Bridging • Learning (magenta) — the Forwarding database is being created or the Spanning Tree Algorithm is being executed due to a network topology change; the port is monitoring network traffic, learning network addresses. • Blocking (orange) — Spanning Tree Algorithm has configured this port to block (filter) frames to prevent redundant data loops in the bridged network; the port can’t receive or forward traffic. Bridge topology information will be forwarded by the port.
Bridging NOTE For Fast Ethernet interfaces, you configure the Duplex Mode (as well as speed and parameters related to auto-negotiation) via the Port Configuration window available from the individual bridge port menus. Enabling and Disabling Bridging When you disable a bridge port, you disconnect that port’s network from the bridge entirely. The port does not forward any packets, nor does it participate in Spanning Tree operations.
Bridging from the Module View window: 1. Click on the Bridge label just above the port status displays; the Bridge menu will appear. 2. Drag down to Enable Bridge to enable bridging across all interfaces, or to Disable Bridge to disable bridging across all interfaces.
Bridging Figure 5-2. Bridge Performance Graph To access the individual bridge port interface Performance Graph windows: 1. From the Bridge Status window, click on the appropriate port button ( display the port menu. ) to or From the Module View window, click on the appropriate Port Index on the module display; the Port menu will appear. 2. Click to select Performance Graph..., and release. The port-level Bridge Performance Graph window will appear.
Bridging Filtered (Magenta) Filtered The total number of frames filtered by the bridge, at the device or port level. Nothing The Filtered scale is not currently measuring the number of packets filtered by the bridge. Total Errors (Red) Total Errors The total number of errors experienced by all bridging interfaces on the selected 9H42x-xx module, or by an individual bridge interface. Nothing The Errors scale is currently not measuring error packets coming through the device as a whole or a single port.
Bridging Using Source Addressing The Source Addressing feature allows you to display a list of the MAC addresses communicating through each bridge port interface available on the selected 9H42x-xx module. To access the Source Addressing windows: 1. From the Bridge Status window, click on the appropriate port button ( display the port menu. ) to or From the Module View window, click on the appropriate Port Index on the module display; the Port menu will appear. 2. Drag down to Source Addressing...
Bridging 2. Type in the new Ageing Time, in seconds, then click on range is 10 to 1,000,000 seconds. NOTE . The allowable Note that the Source Addresses Ageing Time is the same as the Ageing Time displayed (and configured) via the Filtering Database window; setting the Ageing Time in the Source Addresses window also changes the time in the Filtering Database window, and vice versa.
Bridging To access the Bridge Spanning Tree window: 1. From the Bridge Status window, click on menu. to display the Bridge Status or From the Module View window, click on the Bridge label just above the port status display; the Bridge menu will appear. 2. Click on Spanning Tree.... The Bridge Spanning Tree window, Figure 5-4, will appear. Figure 5-4.
Bridging Bridge-level Parameters The Bridge Spanning Tree window provides the following bridge-level information: Bridge Priority This field displays the “priority” component of the 9H42x-xx module’s unique bridge identifier. The Spanning Tree Algorithm assigns each bridge a unique identifier, which is derived from the bridge’s MAC address and the Priority. The bridge with the lowest value of bridge identifier is selected as the Root.
Bridging Protocol Displays the Spanning Tree Algorithm Protocol type the 9H42x-xx module is currently using. The choices are: • • • 802.1 DEC (DEC Lanbridge 100) None The following four fields display values used for various Spanning Tree timers in the course of normal operations. Three of these values — Hello Time, Max Age, and Forwarding Delay — are configurable; the values currently in use are those which have been set at the Root Bridge.
Bridging expires, the port transmits its Configuration BPDU to send configuration information to the Root. The Hold Time is a fixed value, as specified by the IEEE 802.1d specification.
Bridging Designated Port Displays the network address portion of the Port ID (which includes a manageable Priority component) of the port believed to be the Designated Port for the LAN associated with this port. The Designated Port ID, along with the Designated Bridge and Port Identifier parameters for the port, is used to determine whether this port should be the Designated Port for the LAN to which it is attached. Management also uses it to determine the Bridged LAN topology.
Bridging Changing the Spanning Tree Algorithm Protocol Type To change the type of protocol used in Spanning Tree: 1. Click the mouse on the appropriate option button: IEEE 802.1, DEC, or None. 2. Click on . The selected Spanning Tree Algorithm protocol type will be applied to the bridge. If you selected None, the Spanning Tree Algorithm will be disabled (if it already was enabled). If STA Protocol Type was changed from None to IEEE 802.
Bridging Changing Forwarding Delay Time If the 9H42x-xx module is the Root Bridge or attempting to become the Root, and you want to change the time period the bridge will spend in the Listening state (e.g. either listening to BPDU activity on the network while moving from the Blocking to the Learning state or in the Learning state while the bridge is moving from the Listening to the Forwarding state): 1. Highlight the Forwarding Delay field, and type in a new value. 2. Click on . The IEEE 802.
Bridging Filtering Database When the 9H42x-xx switch is using Transparent Bridging, the Filtering Database, which makes up the IEEE 802.1d Source Address Table, is used to determine which frames will be forwarded or filtered between the 9H42x-xx module’s bridging interfaces. Transparent bridges like the 9H42x-xx use the Filtering Database to determine a packet’s route through the bridge. During initialization, a bridge copies the contents of its Permanent Database to the Filtering Database.
Bridging At the Filtering Database window (Figure 5-5), you can view the number of entries of each type: Permanent, Static, Dynamic, or Learned. Figure 5-5. The Filtering Database Window NOTE When you first initialize the Filtering Database window, a message will appear to inform you that data is being retrieved. The message will disappear when all information has been returned from the Filtering Database, and you will be able to view and configure database entries.
Bridging To access the Filtering Database window: 1. From the Bridge Status window, click on menu. to display the Bridge Status or From the Module View window, click on the Bridge label just above the port status display; the Bridge menu will appear. 2. Click on Filtering Database.... The Filtering Database window will appear.
Bridging Type Indicates the type of an entry in the database. The possible types are Static, Dynamic, Learned, Self, or Permanent. You can alter the entry type, as described in the next section. Source Port Indicates the index number of the port on which the address entry was first detected. A question mark (?) indicates that the address entry was not a learned entry, but Port Filtering information applies to it (i.e.
Bridging clicking , a text box will appear stating “Changes have been made. Cancel them?”. Click on Yes to exit the window without changing the Filtering Database, or No to return to the window. NOTE When you reconfigure the Filtering Database and click , the screen will clear temporarily and a message will appear to indicate that the information is being updated. When the changes have been successfully set and the Filtering Database has updated, the screen information will be refreshed.
Bridging Changing the Port Filtering Action You can change the Port Filtering action at each bridge port from its current action to the opposing action. 1. Maneuver the scroll bar until the desired port is in the Port Filtering panel. 2. Click on the port to alter its filtering action from forwarding frames from the associated address ( ), to filtering frames ( ) (or vice versa).
Bridging To delete an address: 1. Click to highlight the address entry in the Address Entry panel that you wish to delete from the filtering database. 2. Click on . Clearing All Permanent, Static, or Dynamic Entries To erase all Permanent, Static, or Dynamic entries from the Filtering Database, click on the associated button in the upper portion of the window. Configuring Duplex Modes Any standard Ethernet interface on a 9H42x-xx module which is connected to another end station — i.e.
Bridging available standard Ethernet interface; windows accessed from the individual bridge port menus allow you to configure duplex mode operation for the selected interface only. NOTE For Fast Ethernet interfaces, you can set the duplex mode (along with additional parameters associated with auto-negotiation) via the Fast Ethernet Configuration window accessible from both the Module View and Bridge Status port menus.
Bridging To configure the Duplex Mode for any standard Ethernet interface: 1. In the Duplex Modes window, highlight the interface whose Duplex Mode you wish to change. Note that only one interface can be selected at a time. 2. Double-click the selected interface to toggle the Full Duplex setting from ON to OFF, or vice versa. The set will take place immediately.
Bridging 5-28 Configuring Duplex Modes
Index Numerics C 9H42x-xx devices described 1-1 Cancel button 1-6 Collisions 4-4 color-coded port display 2-2, 2-11 command buttons 1-6 community names 3-7 in traps 3-7 Connection Status 2-3 CRC/Alignment 4-3 creating and editing an advanced RMON alarm 3-14 creating and editing an RMON event 3-20 A absolute value 3-2, 3-12, 3-19 accessing the RMON Alarm/Event list 3-11 accessing the RMON Statistics window 4-1 Accum 4-5 Actions MIB 3-23 Admin 2-9 Admin/Link 2-9, 2-10 Advanced Alarms 3-2 Ageing Time (bri
Index Event Type 3-22 Events Watch 3-12, 3-13 J F K falling action 3-5, 3-8 falling alarm threshold 3-1, 3-2, 3-5, 3-6, 3-8, 3-12, 3-18, 3-19 FallingEventIndex 3-19 Fast Ethernet Port Interface Module 1-1 Filtering Database 5-2, 5-19 fInNUcast 3-4 Firmware revisions supported 1-7 Firmware, revision 2-4 Forwarding 5-4, 5-6 Forwarding Delay 5-14 Fragments 4-4 Frame Size (Bytes) Packets 4-4 Frames Filtered 5-9 Frames Forwarded 5-8 Freeze Stats 4-6 G Getting Help 1-6 H Hello Time 5-14 Help button 1-6 Hel
Index peak values 4-2, 4-3, 4-4, 4-5 Permanent entries 5-19 Polling Interval 3-5 port configuration 5-26 port display, color codes 2-2 Port Filtering 5-22 Port Number 3-4 Port Status 2-3 color codes 2-11 Port Status Display 2-8 Port Status Menu 2-6 Port Status Views 2-9 Priority 5-15 Problems 4-3 Protocol, bridging 5-14 T R Undersized 4-4 Unicast 2-17, 4-8 Unknown Protocol 2-17, 4-8 Up Time 2-3, 2-13, 5-4 Utilities Menu 2-6 Rate 2-15 Raw Counts 2-14 Receive Port 5-22 Remote Capabilities 2-23 rising act
Index Index-4
