Adit 3104 USER MANUAL Part Number: 770-0145 BA Product Release: 1.
Copyright 2007 Carrier Access Corporation. All rights reserved. The information presented in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Carrier Access Corporation. The hardware and software described herein are furnished under a license or nondisclosure agreement. The hardware, software, and manual may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of this agreement.
PREFACE Preface Compliance Safety of Information Technology Equipment The Adit 3104 is safety certified by Underwriters Laboratories and is compliant with the following safety standards for information technology equipment: UL 60950-1 CSA 60950-1 FCC Requirements, Part 15 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Preface Compliance The Facility Interface Code (FIC) associated with each private line application represents the type of service that will be provided by the telephone company. The following are currently registered: Port: T1 1.544Mbps T1 1.544Mbps T1 1.544Mbps T1 1.544Mbps FIC: 04DU9-BN 04DU9-DN 04DU9-1KN 04DU9-1SN SOC: 6.0N 6.0N 6.0N 6.
Preface Compliance Industry Canada ICES-003 English This class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. French Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada. Industry Canada CS-03 Registration Number: IC: 2638A-675849 This equipment meets the applicable Industry Canada Terminal Equipment Technical Specifications. This is confirmed by the registration number.
Preface Safety Information Safety Information CAUTION! ALWAYS USE CAUTION WHEN INSTALLING TELEPHONE LINES. READ THE CAUTIONS BELOW FOR DETAILS ON SAFETY GUIDELINES TO PREVENT INJURY. Never touch uninsulated telephone wires and terminals unless the telephone line has been disconnected at the Network Interface (NI) as voltage potentials as high as 300 VAC may be present across the transmit and receive pairs Only use No.
Preface Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Precautions Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Precautions ESD can damage processors, circuit cards, and other electronic components. Always observe the following precautions before installing a system component. 1. Do not remove a component from its protective packaging until ready to install. 2. Wear a wrist grounding strap and attach it to a metal part of the system unit before handling components.
Preface Warranty Warranty Carrier Access warrants to BUYER that Product Hardware will be free from substantial defect in material and workmanship under normal use in accordance with its Documentation and given proper installation and maintenance for period of five years from the date of shipment by Carrier Access.
Preface Warranty Severity 3 issues are defined as failures of the Licensed Software to comply with the Carrier Access software specifications but that do not significantly impair the function or service of the Carrier Access Product or the system. Determination of Severity 1, 2 or 3 shall be made solely by Carrier Access following receipt of the reported problem. Refurbished material may be used to repair or replace the Product.
Preface Warranty THE REMEDIES CONTAINED IN THIS AGREEMENT WILL BE THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE, AND CARRIER ACCESS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INJURIES OR DAMAGES TO PERSONS OR PROPERTY RESULTING FROM ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF INJURIES OR DAMAGES CAUSED BY THE GROSS NEGLIGENCE OF CARRIER ACCESS. THIS LIMITATION APPLIES TO ALL SERVICES, SOFTWARE, AND PRODUCTS DURING AND AFTER THE WARRANTY PERIOD.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Preface Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Safety of Information Technology Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii FCC Requirements, Part 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii FCC Requirements, Part 68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents 2 Physical Installation Unpacking and Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compliant Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 1 Adit 3104 Base Platform In this Chapter Overview Application Drawings Technical Specifications Chassis
Adit 3104 Base Platform Overview Overview The Adit 3104 integrates the features of a high performance VPN capable router, stateful firewall, VoIP gateway and T1 CSU/DSU. It replaces multiple elements at the customer premises that typically provide routing, security appliances, and voice gateway functions, offering a powerful blend of speed, security and voice.
Adit 3104 Base Platform Application Drawings Application Drawings Secure Access Routing As a Secure Mobile Worker router, the Adit 3104: Integrates access router, firewall/ALG, VPN Host and Ethernet switch. Provides wire-speed performance without a hardware co-processor. Integrates with existing enterprise infrastructure. Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) and Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) support integration with leading market solutions. NOTE: VPN and PPTP are not supported in this release.
Adit 3104 Base Platform Application Drawings Converged Network Appliance As a Converged Network Appliance the Adit 3104 integrates the access router, firewall/ALG, VPN Host and Ethernet switch: The ALG including support for SIP provides secure application access. The Quality of Service (QoS) feature supports both voice and data application. Type of Service (ToS) prioritization gives voice packets priority.
Adit 3104 Base Platform Technical Specifications Technical Specifications Components Software Features - SIP Line Side Gateway Key: Enable SIP signaling conversion for analog lines - G.729 Low Bit Rate CODEC Key: Enables G.
Adit 3104 Base Platform Technical Specifications Voice Signaling FXS loop start, ground start DTMF signaling per RFC 2833 Call Progress tone generation CLASS support Distinctive ringing Multiple line appearance Voice Processing and Mediation SIP call control Voice CODEC support for G.711 A-law, µ-law, G.729a G.168 echo cancellation Silence suppression Voice activity detection/Comfort noise generation RTP/RTCP T.38 fax Call progress tone and cadence generation Max.
Adit 3104 Base Platform Technical Specifications VPN IPSec tunneling DES, 3DES and AES IKE based key management Digital certificates and pre-shared key authentication Router Performance Wire-speed on Ethernet to T1 interface Quality of Service ToS marking and interpretation per IETF Std.
Adit 3104 Base Platform Technical Specifications Regulatory Approvals USA UL60950 FCC Part 15, Class A FCC Part 68 Canada CSA 60950-1 ICES-003, Class A CS-03 Physical Information Wall mount brackets (included) Rack mount options: 19 or 23 inch rack Dimensions: 1.75 in. (H-2 RU) x 8.25 in. (W) x 12 in. (D) 4.4 cm (H) x 21 cm (W) x 30.5 cm (D) Weight: 6.25 lbs. (2.
Adit 3104 Base Platform Chassis Chassis Front Alarm Status (4) 10/100Base-T Ethernet (LAN) Reset (1) DS1/E1 (WAN) (E1-future) (1) 10/100Base-T Ethernet (WAN) Tip & Ring Telco Connector Back Ground Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Adit 3104 Base Platform Chassis 1-10 Adit 3104 - Release 1.
CHAPTER 2 Physical Installation In this Chapter Unpacking and Inspection Installation Environment Compliant Installation Wall Mounting Rack Mounting Adit 3104, 3200, 3300 and 3400 Battery Backup
Physical Installation Unpacking and Inspection Unpacking and Inspection WARNING! OBSERVE PRECAUTIONS FOR HANDLING ELECTROSTATIC DEVICES. 1. Inspect containers for damage during shipment. Report any damage to the freight carrier for possible insurance claims. 2. Compare packing list with office records. Report any discrepancies to the office. 3. Open shipping containers, be careful not to damage contents. 4. Inspect contents and report any damage. 5.
Physical Installation User Safety User Safety CAUTION! WHEN USING YOUR TELEPHONE EQUIPMENT, BASIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS SHOULD ALWAYS BE FOLLOWED TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE, ELECTRIC SHOCK AND INJURY TO PERSONS, INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING: Do not use this product near water for example, near a bathtub, washbowl, kitchen sink or laundry tub, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless type) during an electrical storm.
Physical Installation Compliant Installation NOTE: It is important the DS1/E1 Network Interface Cables are secured separately from the power and Signal Cables. 1. Inspect the unit. 2. Mount the unit, see Wall Mounting on page 2-5, or Rack Mounting on page 2-6 for detailed instructions. 3. Ground the unit. WARNING! THE SEPARATE PROTECTIVE EARTHING TERMINAL PROVIDED ON THIS PRODUCT SHALL BE PERMANENTLY CONNECTED TO EARTH. SEE GROUNDING THE UNIT ON PAGE 3-3. 4.
Physical Installation Wall Mounting Wall Mounting Before beginning the mounting process, verify that the installation area is a stable environment, clean and free from extremes of temperature, shock, vibration and EMI. See Installation Environment on page 2-2.
Physical Installation Rack Mounting Rack Mounting NOTE: Rack mounting kits are available for both 19 and 23 inch racks. 1 Rack Unit (RU) of spacing is required above the Adit 3000 in the Rack Mount Unit. To rack mount the Adit 3000, follow the instructions below: 1. Attach bracket ears to Rack Mounting Tray using four #10-32 x 1/4” screws on each side. The Mounting Ears can be used for both a 19 or 23 inch rack. The drawing below shows a top view of the 2 versions.
Physical Installation Rack Mounting 4. Place the Adit on the Tray Slide and attach with 4 screws removed in step 2. screws screws Tray Slide 5. Slide the assembled piece (Adit 3000 and Tray Slide) onto the installed Rack Mounting Tray. 6. Secure the Tray Slide to the Rack Mounting Tray with the attached screws on the Tray Slide. Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Physical Installation Adit 3104, 3200, 3300 and 3400 Battery Backup Adit 3104, 3200, 3300 and 3400 Battery Backup The Adit 3104, 3200, 3300 and 3400 Battery Backup (P/N 730-0132), is a wall-mount battery backup unit to provide up to 8 hours battery backup. Please see the Battery Backup User Manual for product information and installation instructions, which is provided with unit. Note: This is an optional feature. 2-8 Adit 3104 - Release 1.
CHAPTER 3 Electrical Installation & Cabling In this Chapter Adit 3104 Interface Connectors Reset Button Alarm/Status LEDs
Electrical Installation & Cabling Adit 3104 Adit 3104 Adit Connections The following illustrations show all connectors on the Adit 3104. Front Alarm Status (4) 10/100Base-T Ethernet (LAN) Reset (1) DS1/E1 (WAN) (E1-future) (1) 10/100Base-T Ethernet (WAN) Tip & Ring Telco Connector Back Ground 3-2 Power/Battery/Status RS-232 Management Port Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Electrical Installation & Cabling Interface Connectors Interface Connectors The following are the Adit 3104 interface connectors: Front of Adit (1) DS1 WAN port (RJ-48C). Note: E1 will be in a future release.
Electrical Installation & Cabling Interface Connectors Power The Adit 3000 is powered by a limited -48 VDC Power source. The following options are available: AC/DC Converter Battery Backup module AC/DC Converter An AC/DC Converter generates 48VDC from any worldwide AC power source. To connect AC power: 1. Plug power connector from AC/DC converter into rear of Adit 3000. 2. Connect AC/DC converter to wall outlet. 3. A green light should appear on the Status LED on the front of the unit.
Electrical Installation & Cabling Interface Connectors 25-Pair Telco Connector Tip and Ring Analog Interface equipped with standard 25-pair Telco Connector (female) for connection to key systems, fax machines, modems, and PBXs. Circuit connections are made at the 25-pair telco connectors. A standard 25-pair telephone cable with RJ-21X wiring and a male D-type connector at the Adit 3000 end is required.
Electrical Installation & Cabling Interface Connectors RS-232 Craft Port (Female DB-9) The RS-232 craft port connector (female) is for connection to an external PC or Hayes-compatible modem for local or remote configuration, management, and performance monitoring using the Adit 3000 Command Line Interface (CLI). The RS-232 craft port connects via a female DB-9 connector on the Adit 3000.
Electrical Installation & Cabling Interface Connectors DS1/E1 Connection Ports Each DS1/E1 connection port is equipped with a standard RJ-48C (female) on the Adit 3000 unit. Note: E1 will be available in a future release.
Electrical Installation & Cabling Interface Connectors 10/100Base-TX Ethernet The 10/100Base-TX Ethernet (female) ports provide connectivity for Router WAN and/or LAN ports and for management connection via Telnet and/or SNMP to a Network Management System. 1 8 8 Ethernet (RJ-45) 1 The pinouts are as follows: Note: This is a hub pinout, you will need a straight cable to connect to a PC.
Electrical Installation & Cabling Reset Button Reset Button The system can be reset by pressing the reset button located on the front panel. Alarm/Status LEDs LED State Description Critical Off No critical alarms present Red Critical alarms present. Critical alarms include: user-configured manor environmental inputs. Off No major alarms present Red Major alarm present.
Electrical Installation & Cabling Alarm/Status LEDs 3-10 Adit 3104 - Release 1.
CHAPTER 4 Configuration After the Adit 3104 is installed (see Compliant Installation on page 2-3), the system can now be provisioned.
Configuration PC Network Configuration PC Network Configuration When a PC is connected directly or indirectly to the Adit 3104 Ethernet LAN port (Eth-1), IP addresses will be acquired using the DHCP server or relay functionality of the Adit 3104. Note: For either of these cases, the PC must be configured as a DHCP Client. This configuration principle is identical but performed differently on each OS. Windows XP 1. Access Network Connections from the Control Panel. 2.
Configuration PC Network Configuration Linux 1. Login into the system as a super-user, by entering su at the prompt. 2. Type ifconfig to display the network devices and allocated IP’s. 3. Type pump -i dev, the dev is the network device name. 4. Type ifconfig again to view the new allocated IP address. 5. Continue on the following setup for a LAN Connection. LAN Connection Your computer can connect to the gateway in various forms, each requiring a different physical connection.
Configuration Web-Based Management Web-Based Management The web-based management interface allows you to control various system parameters. The interface is accessed through a web browser. To access the management console NOTE: The following assumes that you have connected the PC to the LAN port of the Adit 3104. 1. Launch a web browser on your PC in the LAN to which the Adit 3104’s LAN port is connected.
Configuration Setting up a CLI Connection Setting up a CLI Connection A CLI connection will require the LAN or WAN IP address of the unit. Note: If the WAN IP address is used, the remote admin WAN access must be enabled with the following command sequence: Command Username: admin Description Log into the system (username and password). Password: ******** Adit 3104> enable Enter the Privileged mode. Password: ******** Enter password for the Privileged mode.
Configuration Log in Log in After successful connection, via telnet or HyperTerm, the user must login. Default Logins are: Login: admin Password: admin123 After successful login the prompt will be displayed as follows: Adit 3104> Note: It is recommended that you change your password from the default. See the following to modify the Admin level password on your system. GUI interface - see Advanced/Users window CLI interface - use the Adit 3000(config)#username command 4-6 Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Configuration Key Enabled Software Features Key Enabled Software Features The Adit 3104 has additional features that are not provided on the base system. These features can be purchased with the product or added later as needed. These features are enabled via a Software Key (example: G.729). The number of keyed features may expand with the development of the product, therefore to see a list of current keyed features, or to purchase a key, contact Carrier Access Customer Service or Sales.
Configuration Basic Configuration Basic Configuration The following configuration is divided into logical sections, where each section configures an additional function. The first must be configured before the second and so forth, however, you may stop at any section and not add the following feature. NOTE: The order in which commands are entered can affect the successful provisioning of the Adit 3104.
Configuration Basic Configuration Restore Factory Defaults If the unit is not out-of-the-box, you may want to verify that the unit is set to defaults. Note: This will reset the IP address back to the default setting of 192.168.1.1. In the web-browser: Select Advanced from the Navigation bar Select Restore Defaults Select OK to restore defaults Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Configuration Basic Configuration Modify Default Admin User For security purposes it is recommended that the Administrator User be changed from the default settings. Modify the Administrator User in the web-browser: Select Advanced from the Navigation bar Select Users icon Select Administrator, to open the profile. 4-10 Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Configuration Basic Configuration Modify the User information, and select OK to save. It is important to note that you need to have a minimum of one user with Administrative Privileges. For users with other access levels, add a New User. Note: For security purposes, the password should be changed. You will be required to login again, if you have modified the User Profile that you are logged in with. Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Configuration Basic Configuration Configure Ethernet WAN Interface In the web-browser: 1. Select Network Connections from the Navigation bar. 2. It is recommended that you disable/delete the Serial1 port. 3. Select (click) Ethernet 2 (WAN Ethernet) connection to configure. 4. Select the Enable button, to configure the WAN Ethernet up (or in-service). 5. Select the Settings button. 4-12 Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Configuration Basic Configuration 6. Set Internet Protocol to Obtain an IP Address Automatically, from the pulldown menu. This will enable the Adit 3104 as a DHCP Client. Leave the other fields to their default settings. 7. Select Apply to apply the new settings. Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Configuration Basic Configuration Configure Serial1 as WAN In the web-browser: 1. Select Network Connections from the Navigation bar. 2. Select Serial1. 3. Select Settings button. 4. Set Network to WAN. 5. Select Apply to apply the new settings. 4-14 Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Configuration Basic Configuration 6. Select the Enable button. Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Configuration Basic Configuration Configure the Adit 3104 as a SIP Line Gateway In the web-browser: 1. Select Voice Over IP from the Navigation bar. 2. Select Use SIP Proxy. 3. Enter Softswitch IP Address, User name and Password. 4. Select applicable Codecs. 5. Select Apply to apply the new settings. 4-16 Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Configuration Basic Configuration 6. Select the Phone Settings tab. 7. Select the Action icon on line #1 to edit. Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Configuration Basic Configuration 8. Enter a telephone number in the User ID field and select OK. 9. Repeat this step for each line you would like to have register with your Softswitch. 4-18 Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Glossary AMI Automatic Mark Inversion ARP Address Resolution Protocol B8ZS Bipolar with 8 Zero Substitution BIT Binary Digit BPS Bits Per Second BPV Bipolar Violation CA Certificate Authority CAS Channel Associated Signaling CCS Common Channel Signaling CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol CID Caller ID CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing CLASS Custom Local Area Signaling Service CLEI Common Language Equipment Identification CLI Command Line Interface CO Central O
Glossary DLCI DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier DMZ Demilitarized Zone DNS Domain Naming System DS0 Digital Signal Level Zero (64 kbps) (1 voice channel) DS1 Digital Signal Level 1 (1.
Glossary NAT NAT Network Address Translation NCS Network-based Call Signaling NEBS Network Equipment Building Standards NRZ Non-Return to Zero NSE Named Service Event NTP Network Time Protocol OSPF Open Shortest Path First PAP Password Authentication Protocol PHY Physical specifications PPP Point-to-Point Protocol PRI Primary Rate Interface PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit QoS Quality of Service RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In Service SABME Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode Exten
Glossary WAN WAN Wide Area Network WINS Windows Internet Naming Service Glossary-4 Adit 3104 - Release 1.
Glossary 10Base-T 10Base-T The most widely installed Ethernet local area networks (LANs) use ordinary telephone twisted-pair wire. When used on Ethernet, this carrier medium is known at 10BASE-T. 10BASE-T supports Ethernet’s 10 Mbps transmission speed. 100Base-TX Also called “Fast Ethernet”, it is a 100 Mbps version of Ethernet. 100Base-T transmits at 100 Mbps rather than 10 Mbps. Like regular Ethernet, Fast Ethernet is a shared media LAN. All nodes share the 100 Mbps bandwidth.
Glossary Central Office (CO) Central Office (CO) Where telephone companies terminate customer lines and locate switching equipment to interconnect those lines with other networks. channel A generic term for a communications path on a given medium; multiplexing techniques allow providers to put multiple channels over a single medium. Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) Carrying signaling information within the data channels of a T1 line (in band) rather than on a separate control channel.
Glossary Electro-magnetic Interference (EMI) Electro-magnetic Interference (EMI) Equipment used in high speed data systems, including ATM, that generate and transmit many signals in the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Interference to other equipment or radio services may result if sufficient power from these signals escape the equipment enclosures or transmission media. National and international regulatory agencies (FCC, CISPR, etc.) set limits for these emissions.
Glossary gateway gateway An entrance and exit into a communications network Graphical User Interface (GUI) GUI, pronounced “GOOEY”. A set of screen presentations and metaphors that utilize graphic elements such as icons in an attempt to make an operating system easier to use. ground A physical connection to the earth or other reference point.
Glossary Local Area Network (LAN) Local Area Network (LAN) A short distance data communications network (typically within a building or campus) used to link together computers and peripheral devices under some form of standard control. Line Build Out (LBO) T1s require the last span to lose 15 - 22.5 dB, a selectable output attenuation is generally required of DTE equipment. Line Coding Violation (LCV) This parameter is a count of both BPVs and EXZs occurring over the accumulation period.
Glossary Multilink PPP (MLPPP) Multilink PPP (MLPPP) MultiLink PPP. An extension to the point-to-point protocol that enables two channels to be linked together to double the throughput. It is used for ISDN transmission and channel bonding Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption (MPPE) A 128-bit key or 40-bit key encryption algorithm using RSA RC4.
Glossary PHY PHY PHY as in physical specifications. OSI Physical Layer, which provides for transmission of cells over a physical medium connecting two ATM devices. ping Packet InterNet Grouper. PING is a program used to test whether a particular network destination on the Internet is online (i.e. working) by repeatedly bouncing a "signal" off a specified address and seeing how long that signal takes to complete the round trip. No return signal - site is down or unreachable.
Glossary Router Information Protocol (RIP) Router Information Protocol (RIP) RIP is based on distance vector algorithms that measure the shortest path between two points on a network, based on the addresses of the originating and destination devices. The shortest path is determined by the number of hops between those points.
Glossary ticks ticks The distance between two networks, measured in time increments. Ticks may be used to designate primary and secondary routes to the same network. traffic The load of packets carried by a network or portion of a network. Heavy traffic slows down the response time of the individual packets. trunk A communication line between two switching systems. tunneling To provide a secure, temporary path over the Internet. User Agent Client (UAC) One of the two types of User Agents in SIP.
Glossary Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) Glossary-14 Adit 3104 - Release 1.
INDEX Index Numerics 100Base-T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 25-pair telco connector pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 A AC Power (Adapter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 Adit 3000 base platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index N rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 wall bracket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 N network management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5 non-operating altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 O operating altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
