Dell Configuration Guide for the Z9000 System 9.6(0.
Notes, Cautions, and Warnings NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your computer. CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem. WARNING: A WARNING indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death. Copyright © 2014 Dell Inc. All rights reserved. This product is protected by U.S. and international copyright and intellectual property laws.
Contents 1 About this Guide..................................................................................................31 Audience.............................................................................................................................................. 31 Conventions.........................................................................................................................................31 Related Documents..............................................................
Enabling Software Features on Devices Using a Command Option................................................ 52 View Command History......................................................................................................................53 Upgrading Dell Networking OS.......................................................................................................... 53 Using HTTP for File Transfers............................................................................................
Recovering from a Forgotten Enable Password on the Z9000...................................................75 Recovering from a Failed Start on the Z9000 System.......................................................................76 Restoring the Factory Default Settings............................................................................................... 77 Z9000MXL Switch..........................................................................................................................
Applying Egress Layer 3 ACLs (Control-Plane).......................................................................... 108 IP Prefix Lists..................................................................................................................................... 108 Implementation Information...................................................................................................... 109 Configuration Task List for Prefix Lists...............................................................
Configure BFD for OSPF............................................................................................................. 146 Configure BFD for OSPFv3......................................................................................................... 149 Configure BFD for IS-IS...............................................................................................................150 Configure BFD for BGP...................................................................................
Filtering on an AS-Path Attribute................................................................................................ 197 Regular Expressions as Filters..................................................................................................... 199 Redistributing Routes................................................................................................................. 200 Enabling Additional Paths..............................................................................
11 Control Plane Policing (CoPP)......................................................................237 Configure Control Plane Policing.................................................................................................... 238 Configuring CoPP for Protocols................................................................................................ 239 Configuring CoPP for CPU Queues...........................................................................................
Configuring the Hash Algorithm................................................................................................ 269 Enabling Deterministic ECMP Next Hop....................................................................................269 Configuring the Hash Algorithm Seed....................................................................................... 270 Link Bundle Monitoring............................................................................................................
Configure a GARP Timer.................................................................................................................. 292 17 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP).........................................294 IGMP Implementation Information..................................................................................................294 IGMP Protocol Overview..................................................................................................................
View Basic Interface Information......................................................................................................317 Enabling a Physical Interface............................................................................................................ 319 Physical Interfaces.............................................................................................................................319 Configuration Task List for Physical Interfaces.....................................
Splitting QSFP Ports to SFP+ Ports.................................................................................................. 340 Converting a QSFP or QSFP+ Port to an SFP or SFP+ Port............................................................ 341 Important Points to Remember................................................................................................. 342 Support for LM4 Optics........................................................................................................
Configuration Tasks for ARP............................................................................................................ 369 Configuring Static ARP Entries......................................................................................................... 369 Enabling Proxy ARP...........................................................................................................................369 Clearing ARP Cache.....................................................................
Adjusting Your CAM-Profile........................................................................................................392 Assigning an IPv6 Address to an Interface................................................................................. 393 Assigning a Static IPv6 Route..................................................................................................... 393 Configuring Telnet with IPv6........................................................................................
LACP Configuration Tasks................................................................................................................ 427 Creating a LAG............................................................................................................................ 427 Configuring the LAG Interfaces as Dynamic............................................................................. 428 Setting the LACP Long Timeout............................................................................
Optional TLVs.................................................................................................................................... 461 Management TLVs.......................................................................................................................461 TIA-1057 (LLDP-MED) Overview......................................................................................................463 TIA Organizationally Specific TLVs........................................................
Enabling the Rejected Source-Active Cache............................................................................ 494 Accept Source-Active Messages that Fail the RFP Check.............................................................. 494 Specifying Source-Active Messages................................................................................................ 498 Limiting the Source-Active Messages from a Peer.........................................................................
First Packet Forwarding for Lossless Multicast................................................................................ 528 Multicast Policies.............................................................................................................................. 528 IPv4 Multicast Policies................................................................................................................ 528 30 Open Shortest Path First (OSPFv2 and OSPFv3)......................................
Implementing Policy-based Routing with Dell Networking OS......................................................581 Configuration Task List for Policy-based Routing........................................................................... 581 PBR Exceptions (Permit)............................................................................................................. 584 Sample Configuration................................................................................................................
Configuring the Encapsulated Remote Port Mirroring....................................................................612 Configuration steps for ERPM ....................................................................................................612 ERPM Behavior on a typical Dell Networking OS ........................................................................... 614 Decapsulation of ERPM packets at the Destination IP/ Analyzer..............................................
Enabling QoS Rate Adjustment........................................................................................................ 653 Enabling Strict-Priority Queueing.................................................................................................... 654 Weighted Random Early Detection..................................................................................................654 Creating WRED Profiles..................................................................................
Enabling Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Globally........................................................................... 688 Adding and Removing Interfaces.....................................................................................................690 Modifying Global Parameters........................................................................................................... 691 Enabling SNMP Traps for Root Elections and Topology Changes...........................................
VTY MAC-SA Filter Support.........................................................................................................726 Role-Based Access Control..............................................................................................................726 Overview of RBAC....................................................................................................................... 727 User Roles.........................................................................................
Configuring Specify Collectors........................................................................................................ 760 Changing the Polling Intervals......................................................................................................... 760 Back-Off Mechanism........................................................................................................................760 sFlow on LAG ports.........................................................................
Fetch Dynamic MAC Entries using SNMP........................................................................................ 785 Deriving Interface Indices.................................................................................................................786 Monitor Port-Channels.....................................................................................................................787 Troubleshooting SNMP Operation....................................................................
Configuration Task List .............................................................................................................. 814 Setting the Time and Date for the Switch Software Clock........................................................814 Setting the Timezone..................................................................................................................814 Set Daylight Saving Time................................................................................................
VLT and IGMP Snooping............................................................................................................. 841 VLT IPv6....................................................................................................................................... 841 VLT Port Delayed Restoration.....................................................................................................841 PIM-Sparse Mode Support on VLT..................................................................
VRRP Benefits................................................................................................................................... 886 VRRP Implementation...................................................................................................................... 886 VRRP Configuration.......................................................................................................................... 887 Configuration Task List.....................................................
General IPv4 Protocols............................................................................................................... 931 General IPv6 Protocols............................................................................................................... 932 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).................................................................................................932 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)...........................................................................
About this Guide 1 This guide describes the protocols and features the Dell Networking Operating System (OS) supports and provides configuration instructions and examples for implementing them. This guide supports the Z9000 platform. The Z9000 platform is available with Dell Networking OS version 8.3.11.1 and beyond. Though this guide contains information on protocols, it is not intended to be a complete reference. This guide is a reference for configuring protocols on Dell Networking systems.
2 Configuration Fundamentals The Dell Networking Operating System (OS) command line interface (CLI) is a text-based interface you can use to configure interfaces and protocols. The CLI is largely the same for the Z9000, S6000, S4810, and S4820T except for some commands and command outputs. The CLI is structured in modes for security and management purposes. Different sets of commands are available in each mode, and you can limit user access to modes using privilege levels.
• • • EXEC mode is the default mode and has a privilege level of 1, which is the most restricted level. Only a limited selection of commands is available, notably the show commands, which allow you to view system information. EXEC Privilege mode has commands to view configurations, clear counters, manage configuration files, run diagnostics, and enable or disable debug operations. The privilege level is 15, which is unrestricted.
VIRTUAL TERMINAL LLDP LLDP MANAGEMENT INTERFACE MONITOR SESSION MULTIPLE SPANNING TREE OPENFLOW INSTANCE PVST PORT-CHANNEL FAILOVER-GROUP PREFIX-LIST PRIORITY-GROUP PROTOCOL GVRP QOS POLICY RSTP ROUTE-MAP ROUTER BGP BGP ADDRESS-FAMILY ROUTER ISIS ISIS ADDRESS-FAMILY ROUTER OSPF ROUTER OSPFV3 ROUTER RIP SPANNING TREE TRACE-LIST VLT DOMAIN VRRP UPLINK STATE GROUP GRUB Navigating CLI Modes The Dell Networking OS prompt changes to indicate the CLI mode.
CLI Command Mode Prompt Access Command AS-PATH ACL Dell(config-as-path)# ip as-path access-list Gigabit Ethernet Interface Dell(conf-if-gi-0/0)# interface (INTERFACE modes) 10 Gigabit Ethernet Interface Dell(conf-if-te-0/1–2)# interface (INTERFACE modes) Interface Group Dell(conf-if-group)# interface(INTERFACE modes) Interface Range Dell(conf-if-range)# interface (INTERFACE modes) Loopback Interface Dell(conf-if-lo-0)# interface (INTERFACE modes) Management Ethernet Interface Dell(conf
CLI Command Mode Prompt Access Command RAPID SPANNING TREE Dell(config-rstp)# protocol spanning-tree rstp REDIRECT Dell(conf-redirect-list)# ip redirect-list ROUTE-MAP Dell(config-route-map)# route-map ROUTER BGP Dell(conf-router_bgp)# router bgp BGP ADDRESS-FAMILY Dell(conf-router_bgp_af)# address-family {ipv4 multicast | ipv6 unicast} (for IPv4) (ROUTER BGP Mode) Dell(confrouterZ_bgpv6_af)# (for IPv6) ROUTER ISIS Dell(conf-router_isis)# router isis ISIS ADDRESS-FAMILY Dell(conf-router
CLI Command Mode Prompt Access Command LLDP MANAGEMENT INTERFACE Dell(conf-lldp-mgmtIf)# management-interface (LLDP Mode) LINE Dell(config-line-console) or Dell(config-line-vty) line console orline vty MONITOR SESSION Dell(conf-mon-sesssessionID)# monitor session OPENFLOW INSTANCE Dell(conf-of-instance-ofid)# openflow of-instance PORT-CHANNEL FAILOVERGROUP Dell(conf-po-failovergrp)# port-channel failovergroup PRIORITY GROUP Dell(conf-pg)# priority-group PROTOCOL GVRP Dell(config-gvrp)#
Stack MAC : 00:01:e8:00:66:64 Reload-Type : normal-reload [Next boot : normal-reload] -- Stack Info -Unit UnitType Status ReqTyp CurTyp Version Ports ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------0 Management online S4810 S4810 9.4(0.
interface tenGigabitEthernet 4/17 no ip address no shutdown Layer 2 protocols are disabled by default. To enable Layer 2 protocols, use the no disable command. For example, in PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE mode, enter no disable to enable Spanning Tree. Obtaining Help Obtain a list of keywords and a brief functional description of those keywords at any CLI mode using the ? or help command: • To list the keywords available in the current mode, enter ? at the prompt or after a keyword.
Short-Cut Key Combination Action CNTL-A Moves the cursor to the beginning of the command line. CNTL-B Moves the cursor back one character. CNTL-D Deletes character at cursor. CNTL-E Moves the cursor to the end of the line. CNTL-F Moves the cursor forward one character. CNTL-I Completes a keyword. CNTL-K Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the command line. CNTL-L Re-enters the previous command.
• show run | grep Ethernet returns a search result with instances containing a capitalized “Ethernet,” such as interface GigabitEthernet 0/0. • show run | grep ethernet does not return that search result because it only searches for instances containing a non-capitalized “ethernet.” • show run | grep Ethernet ignore-case returns instances containing both “Ethernet” and “ethernet.” The grep command displays only the lines containing specified text.
NOTE: You can filter a single command output multiple times. The save option must be the last option entered. For example: Dell# command | grep regular-expression | except regular-expression | grep other-regular-expression | find regular-expression | save. Multiple Users in Configuration Mode Dell Networking OS notifies all users when there are multiple users logged in to CONFIGURATION mode.
Getting Started 3 This chapter describes how you start configuring your system. When you power up the chassis, the system performs a power-on self test (POST) during which the line card status light emitting diodes (LEDs) blink green. The system then loads the Dell Networking Operating System (OS). Boot messages scroll up the terminal window during this process. No user interaction is required if the boot process proceeds without interruption.
Accessing the Console Port To access the console port, follow these steps: For the console port pinout, refer to Accessing the RJ-45 Console Port with a DB-9 Adapter. 1. Install an RJ-45 copper cable into the console port.Use a rollover (crossover) cable to connect the S4810 console port to a terminal server. 2. Connect the other end of the cable to the DTE terminal server. 3.
Entering CLI commands Using an SSH Connection You can run CLI commands by entering any one of the following syntax to connect to a switch using the preconfigured user credentials using SSH: ssh username@hostname or echo | ssh admin@hostname The SSH server transmits the terminal commands to the CLI shell and the results are displayed on the screen non-interactively.
Default Configuration A version of Dell Networking OS is pre-loaded onto the chassis; however, the system is not configured when you power up for the first time (except for the default hostname, which is Dell). You must configure the system using the CLI. Configuring a Host Name The host name appears in the prompt. The default host name is Dell. • Host names must start with a letter and end with a letter or digit. • Characters within the string can be letters, digits, and hyphens.
• 2. port: the range is 0. Assign an IP address to the interface. INTERFACE mode ip address ip-address/mask 3. • ip-address: an address in dotted-decimal format (A.B.C.D). • mask: a subnet mask in /prefix-length format (/ xx). Enable the interface. INTERFACE mode no shutdown Configure a Management Route Define a path from the system to the network from which you are accessing the system remotely.
• enable password stores the password in the running/startup configuration using a DES encryption method. • enable secret is stored in the running/startup configuration in using a stronger, MD5 encryption method. Dell Networking recommends using the enable secret password. To configure an enable password, use the following command. • Create a password to access EXEC Privilege mode.
Location source-file-url Syntax destination-file-url Syntax For a remote file location: copy scp://{hostip | hostname}/filepath/ filename scp://{hostip | hostname}/filepath/ filename SCP server Important Points to Remember • You may not copy a file from one remote system to another. • You may not copy a file from one location to the same location. • When copying to a server, you can only use a hostname if a domain name server (DNS) server is configured.
• Save the running-configuration to an SCP server. EXEC Privilege mode copy running-config scp://{hostip | hostname}/ filepath/filename NOTE: When copying to a server, a host name can only be used if a DNS server is configured.
View Configuration Files Configuration files have three commented lines at the beginning of the file, as shown in the following example, to help you track the last time any user made a change to the file, which user made the changes, and when the file was last saved to the startup-configuration.
- - - network - network rw tftp: rw scp: You can change the default file system so that file management commands apply to a particular device or memory. To change the default directory, use the following command. • Change the default directory. EXEC Privilege mode cd directory In the following example, the default storage location is changed to the external Flash of the primary RPM. File management commands then apply to the external Flash rather than the internal Flash.
To enable the VRF feature and cause all VRF-related commands to be available or viewable in the CLI interface, use the following command. You must enable the VRF feature before you can configure its related attributes. Dell(conf)# feature vrf Based on whether VRF feature is identified as supported in the Feature Configuration file, configuration command feature vrf becomes available for usage. This command will be stored in running-configuration and will precede all other VRF-related configurations.
Using HTTP for File Transfers Stating with Release 9.3(0.1), you can use HTTP to copy files or configuration details to a remote server. Use the copy source-file-url http://host[:port]/file-path command to transfer files to an external server. This functionality to transport files using HTTP to a remote server is supported on MXL, I/O Aggregator, S4810, S4820, S6000, and Z9000 platforms.
• flash: (Optional) Specifies the flash drive. The default is to use the flash drive. You can just enter the image file name. • hash-value: (Optional). Specify the relevant hash published on i-Support. • img-file: Enter the name of the Dell Networking software image file to validate Examples: Without Entering the Hash Value for Verification MD5 Dell# verify md5 flash://FTOS-SE-9.5.0.0.bin MD5 hash for FTOS-SE-9.5.0.0.bin: 275ceb73a4f3118e1d6bcf7d75753459 SHA256 Dell# verify sha256 flash://FTOS-SE-9.5.
4 Management This chapter describes the different protocols or services used to manage the Dell Networking system. Configuring Privilege Levels Privilege levels restrict access to commands based on user or terminal line. There are 16 privilege levels, of which three are pre-defined. The default privilege level is 1. Level Description Level 0 Access to the system begins at EXEC mode, and EXEC mode commands are limited to enable, disable, and exit.
Moving a Command from EXEC Privilege Mode to EXEC Mode To move a command from EXEC Privilege to EXEC mode for a privilege level, use the privilege exec command from CONFIGURATION mode. In the command, specify the privilege level of the user or terminal line and specify all keywords in the command to which you want to allow access. Allowing Access to CONFIGURATION Mode Commands To allow access to CONFIGURATION mode, use the privilege exec level level configure command from CONFIGURATION mode.
• Allow access to INTERFACE, LINE, ROUTE-MAP, and/or ROUTER mode. Specify all the keywords in the command. CONFIGURATION mode • privilege configure level level {interface | line | route-map | router} {command-keyword ||...|| command-keyword} Allow access to a CONFIGURATION, INTERFACE, LINE, ROUTE-MAP, and/or ROUTER mode command. CONFIGURATION mode privilege {configure |interface | line | route-map | router} level level {command ||...
vlan VLAN interface Dell(conf)#interface gigabitethernet 1/1 Dell(conf-if-gi-1/1)#? end Exit from configuration mode exit Exit from interface configuration mode Dell(conf-if-gi-1/1)#exit Dell(conf)#line ? aux Auxiliary line console Primary terminal line vty Virtual terminal Dell(conf)#line vty 0 Dell(config-line-vty)#? exit Exit from line configuration mode Dell(config-line-vty)# Dell(conf)#interface group ? fortyGigE FortyGigabit Ethernet interface gigabitethernet GigabitEthernet interface IEEE 802.
• no logging on Disable logging to the logging buffer. CONFIGURATION mode • no logging buffer Disable logging to terminal lines. CONFIGURATION mode • no logging monitor Disable console logging. CONFIGURATION mode no logging console Audit and Security Logs This section describes how to configure, display, and clear audit and security logs.
• User access and configuration changes to the security and crypto parameters (not the key information but the crypto configuration) Important Points to Remember When you enabled RBAC and extended logging: • Only the system administrator user role can execute this command. • The system administrator and system security administrator user roles can view security events and system events. • The system administrator user roles can view audit, security, and system events.
Configuring Logging Format To display syslog messages in a RFC 3164 or RFC 5424 format, use the logging version [0 | 1} command in CONFIGURATION mode. By default, the system log version is set to 0.
To configure a secure connection from the switch to the syslog server: 1. On the switch, enable the SSH server Dell(conf)#ip ssh server enable 2. On the syslog server, create a reverse SSH tunnel from the syslog server to FTOS switch, using following syntax: ssh -R :: user@remote_host -nNf In the following example the syslog server IP address is 10.156.166.48 and the listening port is 5141. The switch IP address is 10.16.131.
• Disable console logging. CONFIGURATION mode no logging console Sending System Messages to a Syslog Server To send system messages to a specified syslog server, use the following command. The following syslog standards are supported: RFC 5424 The SYSLOG Protocol, R.Gerhards and Adiscon GmbH, March 2009, obsoletes RFC 3164 and RFC 5426 Transmission of Syslog Messages over UDP. • Specify the server to which you want to send system messages. You can configure up to eight syslog servers.
• logging trap level Specify the minimum severity level for logging to the syslog history table. CONFIGURATION mode • logging history level Specify the size of the logging buffer. CONFIGURATION mode logging buffered size • NOTE: When you decrease the buffer size, Dell Networking OS deletes all messages stored in the buffer. Increasing the buffer size does not affect messages in the buffer. Specify the number of messages that Dell Networking OS saves to its logging history table.
%TSM-6-SFM_DISCOVERY: Found SFM 8 %TSM-6-SFM_DISCOVERY: Found 9 SFMs %CHMGR-5-CHECKIN: Checkin from line card 5 (type EX1YB, 1 ports) %TSM-6-PORT_CONFIG: Port link status for LC 5 => portpipe 0: OK portpipe 1: N/A %CHMGR-5-LINECARDUP: Line card 5 is up %CHMGR-5-CHECKIN: Checkin from line card 12 (type S12YC12, 12 ports) %TSM-6-PORT_CONFIG: Port link status for LC 12 => portpipe 0: OK portpipe 1: N/A %CHMGR-5-LINECARDUP: Line card 12 is up %IFMGR-5-CSTATE_UP: changed interface Physical state to up: So 12/8 %
– uucp (UNIX to UNIX copy protocol) Example of the show running-config logging Command To view nondefault settings, use the show running-config logging command in EXEC mode. Dell#show running-config logging ! logging buffered 524288 debugging service timestamps log datetime msec service timestamps debug datetime msec ! logging trap debugging logging facility user logging source-interface Loopback 0 logging 10.10.10.
• Add timestamp to syslog messages. CONFIGURATION mode service timestamps [log | debug] [datetime [localtime] [msec] [show-timezone] | uptime] Specify the following optional parameters: – You can add the keyword localtime to include the localtime, msec, and show-timezone. If you do not add the keyword localtime, the time is UTC. – uptime: To view time since last boot. If you do not specify a parameter, Dell Networking OS configures uptime.
ftp-server username nairobi password 0 zanzibar Dell# Configuring FTP Server Parameters After you enable the FTP server on the system, you can configure different parameters. To specify the system logging settings, use the following commands. • Specify the directory for users using FTP to reach the system. CONFIGURATION mode ftp-server topdir dir • The default is the internal flash directory. Specify a user name for all FTP users and configure either a plain text or encrypted password.
• ip ftp password password Enter a username to use on the FTP client. CONFIGURATION mode ip ftp username name To view the FTP configuration, use the show running-config ftp command in EXEC privilege mode, as shown in the example for Enable FTP Server. Terminal Lines You can access the system remotely and restrict access to the system by creating user profiles. Terminal lines on the system provide different means of accessing the system. The console line (console) connects you through the console port.
Configuring Login Authentication for Terminal Lines You can use any combination of up to six authentication methods to authenticate a user on a terminal line. A combination of authentication methods is called a method list. If the user fails the first authentication method, Dell Networking OS prompts the next method until all methods are exhausted, at which point the connection is terminated. The available authentication methods are: enable Prompt for the enable password.
login authentication myvtymethodlist Dell(config-line-vty)# Setting Time Out of EXEC Privilege Mode EXEC time-out is a basic security feature that returns Dell Networking OS to EXEC mode after a period of inactivity on the terminal lines. To set time out, use the following commands. • Set the number of minutes and seconds. The default is 10 minutes on the console and 30 minutes on VTY. Disable EXEC time out by setting the time-out period to 0.
Enter an IPv6 address in the format 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000. Elision of zeros is supported. Example of the telnet Command for Device Access Dell# telnet 10.11.80.203 Trying 10.11.80.203... Connected to 10.11.80.203. Exit character is '^]'. Login: Login: admin Password: Dell>exit Dell#telnet 2200:2200:2200:2200:2200::2201 Trying 2200:2200:2200:2200:2200::2201... Connected to 2200:2200:2200:2200:2200::2201. Exit character is '^]'. FreeBSD/i386 (freebsd2.force10networks.
If another user attempts to enter CONFIGURATION mode while a lock is in place, the following appears on their terminal (message 1): % Error: User "" on line console0 is in exclusive configuration mode. If any user is already in CONFIGURATION mode when while a lock is in place, the following appears on their terminal (message 2): % Error: Can't lock configuration mode exclusively since the following users are currently configuring the system: User "admin" on line vty1 ( 10.1.1.1 ).
8. Display the content of the startup-config. EXEC Privilege mode show running-config 9. Remove the previous authentication configuration. config t 10. Set the new authentication parameters. The remainder of the previous configuration is preserved. no enable password enable password [newpassword] exit 11. Save the running-config to the startup-config in flash by default. write-mem 12. Save the running-config.
8. Save the running-config to the startup-config. EXEC Privilege mode copy running-config startup-config Recovering from a Failed Start on the Z9000 System A system that does not start correctly might be attempting to boot from a corrupted Dell Networking OS image or from a mis-specified location. In this case, you can restart the system and interrupt the boot process to point the system to another boot location. Use the set command, as described in the following steps.
Restoring the Factory Default Settings Restoring the factory-default settings deletes the existing NVRAM settings, startup configuration, and all configured settings such as, stacking or fanout. Z9000MXL Switch To restore the factory default settings, use the restore factory-defaults stack-unit {0-5 | all} {clear-all | nvram} command in EXEC Privilege mode. CAUTION: There is no undo for this command.
secondary partition contains a valid image, then the primary boot line is set to B: and the secondary and default boot lines are set to a Null String. If both the partitions contain invalid images, then primary, secondary, and default boot line values are set to a Null string. When you use the Network boot procedure to boot the device, the boot loader checks if the primary partition contains a valid image.
grub> reboot Management 79
2.1X 5 802.1X is a method of port security. A device connected to a port that is enabled with 802.1X is disallowed from sending or receiving packets on the network until its identity can be verified (through a username and password, for example). This feature is named for its IEEE specification. 802.
Figure 3. EAP Frames Encapsulated in Ethernet and RADUIS The authentication process involves three devices: • The device attempting to access the network is the supplicant. The supplicant is not allowed to communicate on the network until the authenticator authorizes the port. It can only communicate with the authenticator in response to 802.1X requests. • The device with which the supplicant communicates is the authenticator. The authenticator is the gate keeper of the network.
2. The supplicant responds with its identity in an EAP Response Identity frame. 3. The authenticator decapsulates the EAP response from the EAPOL frame, encapsulates it in a RADIUS Access-Request frame and forwards the frame to the authentication server. 4. The authentication server replies with an Access-Challenge frame. The Access-Challenge frame requests that the supplicant prove that it is who it claims to be, using a specified method (an EAPMethod).
EAP over RADIUS 802.1X uses RADIUS to shuttle EAP packets between the authenticator and the authentication server, as defined in RFC 3579. EAP messages are encapsulated in RADIUS packets as a type of attribute in Type, Length, Value (TLV) format. The Type value for EAP messages is 79. Figure 5. EAP Over RADIUS RADIUS Attributes for 802.1 Support Dell Networking systems include the following RADIUS attributes in all 802.
Important Points to Remember • Dell Networking OS supports 802.1X with EAP-MD5, EAP-OTP, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAPv0, PEAPv1, and MS-CHAPv2 with PEAP. • All platforms support only RADIUS as the authentication server. • If the primary RADIUS server becomes unresponsive, the authenticator begins using a secondary RADIUS server, if configured. • 802.1X is not supported on port-channels or port-channel members. Enabling 802.1X Enable 802.1X globally. Figure 6. 802.1X Enabled 1. Enable 802.1X globally.
dot1x authentication 2. Enter INTERFACE mode on an interface or a range of interfaces. INTERFACE mode interface [range] 3. Enable 802.1X on the supplicant interface only. INTERFACE mode dot1x authentication Examples of Verifying that 802.1X is Enabled Globally and on an Interface Verify that 802.1X is enabled globally and at the interface level using the show running-config | find dot1x command from EXEC Privilege mode. In the following example, the bold lines show that 802.1X is enabled.
Configuring Request Identity Re-Transmissions If the authenticator sends a Request Identity frame, but the supplicant does not respond, the authenticator waits 30 seconds and then re-transmits the frame. The amount of time that the authenticator waits before re-transmitting and the maximum number of times that the authenticator re-transmits are configurable.
Example of Configuring and Verifying Port Authentication The following example shows configuration information for a port for which the authenticator retransmits an EAP Request Identity frame: • after 90 seconds and a maximum of 10 times for an unresponsive supplicant • re-transmits an EAP Request Identity frame The bold lines show the new re-transmit interval, new quiet period, and new maximum re-transmissions.
Example of Placing a Port in Force-Authorized State and Viewing the Configuration The example shows configuration information for a port that has been force-authorized. The bold line shows the new port-control state. Dell(conf-if-Te-0/0)#dot1x port-control force-authorized Dell(conf-if-Te-0/0)#show dot1x interface TenGigabitEthernet 0/0 802.
The bold lines show that re-authentication is enabled and the new maximum and re-authentication time period. Dell(conf-if-Te-0/0)#dot1x reauthentication interval 7200 Dell(conf-if-Te-0/0)#dot1x reauth-max 10 Dell(conf-if-Te-0/0)#do show dot1x interface TenGigabitEthernet 0/0 802.
The bold lines show the new supplicant and server timeouts. Dell(conf-if-Te-0/0)#dot1x port-control force-authorized Dell(conf-if-Te-0/0)#do show dot1x interface TenGigabitEthernet 0/0 802.
Figure 7. Dynamic VLAN Assignment 1. Configure 8021.x globally (refer to Enabling 802.1X) along with relevant RADIUS server configurations (refer to the illustration inDynamic VLAN Assignment with Port Authentication). 2. Make the interface a switchport so that it can be assigned to a VLAN. 3. Create the VLAN to which the interface will be assigned. 4. Connect the supplicant to the port configured for 802.1X. 5.
If the supplicant fails authentication, the authenticator typically does not enable the port. In some cases this behavior is not appropriate. External users of an enterprise network, for example, might not be able to be authenticated, but still need access to the network. Also, some dumb-terminals, such as network printers, do not have 802.1X capability and therefore cannot authenticate themselves.
! interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/1 switchport dot1x authentication dot1x guest-vlan 200 no shutdown Dell(conf-if-Te-2/1)# Dell(conf-if-Te-2/1)#dot1x auth-fail-vlan 100 max-attempts 5 Dell(conf-if-Te-2/1)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 2/1 switchport dot1x authentication dot1x guest-vlan 200 dot1x auth-fail-vlan 100 max-attempts 5 no shutdown Dell(conf-if-Te-2/1)# Example of Viewing Configured Authentication View your configuration using the show config command from INTERFACE mode, as shown in th
6 Access Control Lists (ACLs) This chapter describes access control lists (ACLs), prefix lists, and route-maps. At their simplest, access control lists (ACLs), prefix lists, and route-maps permit or deny traffic based on MAC and/or IP addresses. This chapter describes implementing IP ACLs, IP prefix lists and route-maps. For MAC ACLS, refer to Layer 2.
• VRF based IMPLICIT DENY Rules NOTE: In order for the VRF ACLs to take effect, ACLs configured in the Layer 3 CAM region must have an implicit-permit option. You can use the ip access-group command to configure VRF-aware ACLs on interfaces. Using the ip access-group command, in addition to a range of VLANs, you can also specify a range of VRFs as input for configuring ACLs on interfaces. The VRF range is from 1 to 63.
• CAM Optimization User Configurable CAM Allocation User configurable CAM allocations are supported on the Z9000 platform. Allocate space for IPV6 ACLs by using the cam-acl command in CONFIGURATION mode. The CAM space is allotted in filter processor (FP) blocks. The total space allocated must equal 13 FP blocks. (There are 16 FP blocks, but System Flow requires three blocks that cannot be reallocated.) Enter the ipv6acl allocation as a factor of 2 (2, 4, 6, 8, 10).
Implementing ACLs on Dell Networking OS You can assign one IP ACL per interface with Dell Networking OS. If you do not assign an IP ACL to an interface, it is not used by the software in any other capacity. The number of entries allowed per ACL is hardware-dependent. For detailed specification on entries allowed per ACL, refer to your line card documentation.
closer to 0) before rules with higher-order numbers so that packets are matched as you intended. By default, all ACL rules have an order of 255. Example of the order Keyword to Determine ACL Sequence Dell(conf)#ip access-list standard acl1 Dell(config-std-nacl)#permit 20.0.0.0/8 Dell(config-std-nacl)#exit Dell(conf)#ip access-list standard acl2 Dell(config-std-nacl)#permit 20.1.1.
10.1.1.1./32 fragments Dell(conf-ext-nacl) Example of Denying Second and Subsequent Fragments To deny the second/subsequent fragments, use the same rules in a different order. These ACLs deny all second and subsequent fragments with destination IP 10.1.1.1 but permit the first fragment and nonfragmented packets with destination IP 10.1.1.1. Dell(conf)#ip access-list extended ABC Dell(conf-ext-nacl)#deny ip any 10.1.1.1/32 fragments Dell(conf-ext-nacl)#permit ip any 10.1.1.
Dell(conf-ext-nacl)#permit udp any any fragment Dell(conf-ext-nacl)#deny ip any any log Dell(conf-ext-nacl) When configuring ACLs with the fragments keyword, be aware of the following. When an ACL filters packets, it looks at the fragment offset (FO) to determine whether it is a fragment. • • FO = 0 means it is either the first fragment or the packet is a non-fragment. FO > 0 means it is dealing with the fragments of the original packet.
! ip access-list standard dilling seq 15 permit tcp 10.3.0.0/16 any seq 25 deny ip host 10.5.0.0 any log Dell(config-std-nacl)# To delete a filter, use the no seq sequence-number command in IP ACCESS LIST mode. If you are creating a standard ACL with only one or two filters, you can let Dell Networking OS assign a sequence number based on the order in which the filters are configured. The software assigns filters in multiples of 5.
seq seq seq seq seq seq 30 35 40 45 50 55 deny tcp any any range 12345 12346 permit udp host 10.21.126.225 10.4.5.0 /28 permit udp host 10.21.126.226 10.4.5.0 /28 permit udp 10.8.0.0 /16 10.50.188.118 /31 range 1812 1813 permit tcp 10.8.0.0 /16 10.50.188.118 /31 eq 49 permit udp 10.15.1.0 /24 10.50.188.118 /31 range 1812 1813 To delete a filter, enter the show config command in IP ACCESS LIST mode and locate the sequence number of the filter you want to delete.
Configure Filters, TCP Packets To create a filter for UDP packets with a specified sequence number, use the following commands. 1. Create an extended IP ACL and assign it a unique name. CONFIGURATION mode ip access-list extended access-list-name 2. Configure an extended IP ACL filter for UDP packets.
CONFIG-EXT-NACL mode {deny | permit} udp {source mask | any | host ip-address}} [count [byte]] [order] [fragments] When you use the log keyword, the CP logs details about the packets that match. Depending on how many packets match the log entry and at what rate, the CP may become busy as it has to log these packets’ details. The following example shows an extended IP ACL in which the sequence numbers were assigned by the software.
L2 ACL Behavior L3 ACL Behavior Decision on Targeted Traffic Permit Deny L3 ACL denies. Permit Permit L3 ACL permits. NOTE: If you configure an interface as a vlan-stack access port, only the L2 ACL filters the packets. The L3 ACL applied to such a port does not affect traffic. That is, existing rules for other features (such as trace-list, policy-based routing [PBR], and QoS) are applied to the permitted traffic. For information about MAC ACLs, refer to Layer 2.
4. Apply rules to the new ACL. INTERFACE mode ip access-list [standard | extended] name To view which IP ACL is applied to an interface, use the show config command in INTERFACE mode, or use the show running-config command in EXEC mode. Example of Viewing ACLs Applied to an Interface Dell(conf-if)#show conf ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/0 ip address 10.2.1.100 255.255.255.
Dell#configure terminal Dell(conf)#ip access-list extended abcd Dell(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp any any Dell(config-ext-nacl)#deny icmp any any Dell(config-ext-nacl)#permit 1.1.1.2 Dell(config-ext-nacl)#end Dell#show ip accounting access-list ! Extended Ingress IP access list abcd on gigethernet 0/0 seq 5 permit tcp any any seq 10 deny icmp any any seq 15 permit 1.1.1.2 Configure Egress ACLs Egress ACLs are supported on the Z9000 platform.
Dell#configure terminal Dell(conf)#interface te 0/0 Dell(conf-if-te-0/0)#ip vrf forwarding blue Dell(conf-if-te-0/0)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 0/0 ip vrf forwarding blue no ip address shutdown Dell(conf-if-te-0/0)# Dell(conf-if-te-0/0)# Dell(conf-if-te-0/0)#end Dell# Applying Egress Layer 3 ACLs (Control-Plane) By default, packets originated from the system are not filtered by egress ACLs.
A route prefix is an IP address pattern that matches on bits within the IP address. The format of a route prefix is A.B.C.D/X where A.B.C.D is a dotted-decimal address and /X is the number of bits that should be matched of the dotted decimal address. For example, in 112.24.0.0/16, the first 16 bits of the address 112.24.0.0 match all addresses between 112.24.0.0 to 112.24.255.255. The following examples show permit or deny filters for specific routes using the le and ge parameters, where x.x.x.
ip prefix-list prefix-name 2. Create a prefix list with a sequence number and a deny or permit action. CONFIG-NPREFIXL mode seq sequence-number {deny | permit} ip-prefix [ge min-prefix-length] [le max-prefix-length] The optional parameters are: • ge min-prefix-length: the minimum prefix length to match (from 0 to 32). • le max-prefix-length: the maximum prefix length to match (from 0 to 32).
• • ge min-prefix-length: is the minimum prefix length to be matched (0 to 32). le max-prefix-length: is the maximum prefix length to be matched (0 to 32). Example of Creating a Filter with Dell Networking OS-Assigned Sequence Numbers The example shows a prefix list in which the sequence numbers were assigned by the software. The filters were assigned sequence numbers based on the order in which they were configured (for example, the first filter was given the lowest sequence number).
ip prefix-list filter_in: count: 3, range entries: 3, sequences: 5 - 10 ip prefix-list filter_ospf: count: 4, range entries: 1, sequences: 5 - 10 Dell> Applying a Prefix List for Route Redistribution To pass traffic through a configured prefix list, use the prefix list in a route redistribution command. Apply the prefix list to all traffic redistributed into the routing process. The traffic is either forwarded or dropped, depending on the criteria and actions specified in the prefix list.
• distribute-list prefix-list-name in [interface] Apply a configured prefix list to incoming routes. You can specify which type of routes are affected. If you enter the name of a non-existent prefix list, all routes are forwarded. CONFIG-ROUTER-OSPF mode distribute-list prefix-list-name out [connected | rip | static] Example of Viewing Configured Prefix Lists (ROUTER OSPF mode) To view the configuration, use the show config command in ROUTER OSPF mode, or the show running-config ospf command in EXEC mode.
Resequencing an ACL or Prefix List Resequencing is available for IPv4 and IPv6 ACLs, prefix lists, and MAC ACLs. To resequence an ACL or prefix list, use the following commands. You must specify the list name, starting number, and increment when using these commands.
ip access-list extended test remark 4 XYZ remark 5 this remark corresponds to permit any host 1.1.1.1 seq 5 permit ip any host 1.1.1.1 remark 9 ABC remark 10 this remark corresponds to permit ip any host 1.1.1.2 seq 10 permit ip any host 1.1.1.2 seq 15 permit ip any host 1.1.1.3 seq 20 permit ip any host 1.1.1.4 Dell# end Dell# resequence access-list ipv4 test 2 2 Dell# show running-config acl ! ip access-list extended test remark 2 XYZ remark 4 this remark corresponds to permit any host 1.1.1.
Configuration Task List for Route Maps Configure route maps in ROUTE-MAP mode and apply the maps in various commands in ROUTER RIP and ROUTER OSPF modes. The following list includes the configuration tasks for route maps, as described in the following sections.
Set clauses: tag 35 level stub-area Dell# To delete all instances of that route map, use the no route-map map-name command. To delete just one instance, add the sequence number to the command syntax. Dell(conf)#no route-map zakho 10 Dell(conf)#end Dell#show route-map route-map zakho, permit, sequence 20 Match clauses: interface GigabitEthernet 0/1 Set clauses: tag 35 level stub-area Dell# The following example shows a route map with multiple instances.
Example of the match Command to Match All Specified Values In the next example, there is a match only if a route has both of the specified characteristics. In this example, there a match only if the route has a tag value of 1000 and a metric value of 2000. Also, if there are different instances of the same route-map, then it’s sufficient if a permit match happens in any instance of that route-map.
– For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword tengigabitEthernet then the slot/port information. – For a VLAN, enter the keyword vlan then a number from 1 to 4094. • – For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port information. Match destination routes specified in a prefix list (IPv4). CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode • match ip address prefix-list-name Match destination routes specified in a prefix list (IPv6).
Configuring Set Conditions To configure a set condition, use the following commands. • Add an AS-PATH number to the beginning of the AS-PATH. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode • set as-path prepend as-number [... as-number] Generate a tag to be added to redistributed routes. CONFIG-ROUTE-MAP mode • set automatic-tag Specify an OSPF area or ISIS level for redistributed routes.
To create route map instances, use these commands. There is no limit to the number of set commands per route map, but the convention is to keep the number of set filters in a route map low. Set commands do not require a corresponding match command. Configure a Route Map for Route Redistribution Route maps on their own cannot affect traffic and must be included in different commands to affect routing traffic.
redistribute ospf 34 metric 1 route-map torip ! route-map torip permit 10 match route-type internal set tag 34 ! Continue Clause Normally, when a match is found, set clauses are executed, and the packet is then forwarded; no more route-map modules are processed. If you configure the continue command at the end of a module, the next module (or a specified module) is processed even after a match is found. The following example shows a continue clause at the end of a route-map module.
entries. You can enable logging separately for each of these FP entries, which relate to each of the ACL entries configured in an ACL. Dell Networking OS saves a table that maps each ACL entry that matches the ACL name on the received packet, sequence number of the rule, and the interface index in the database. When the configured maximum threshold has exceeded, log generation stops.
packets that exceeded the logging threshold value during that interval is logged when the subsequent log record (in the next interval) is generated for that ACL entry. • When you delete an ACL entry, the logging settings associated with it are also removed. • ACL logging is supported for standard and extended IPv4 ACLs, IPv6 ACLs, and standard and extended MAC ACLs.
The port mirroring application maintains and performs all the monitoring operations on the chassis. ACL information is sent to the ACL manager, which in turn notifies the ACL agent to add entries in the CAM area. Duplicate entries in the ACL are not saved. When a packet arrives at a port that is being monitored, the packet is validated against the configured ACL rules. If the packet matches an ACL rule, the system examines the corresponding flow processor to perform the action specified for that port.
configuration to the ACL agent whenever the ACL agent is registered with the port mirroring application or when flow-based monitoring is enabled. The show monitor session session-id command has been enhanced to display the Type field in the output, which indicates whether a particular session is enabled for flow-monitoring.
CONFIGURATION mode ip access-list For more information, see Access Control Lists (ACLs). 3. Apply the ACL to the monitored port. INTERFACE mode ip access-group access-list Example of the flow-based enable Command To view an access-list that you applied to an interface, use the show ip accounting access-list command from EXEC Privilege mode.
7 Access Control List (ACL) VLAN Groups and Content Addressable Memory (CAM) This chapter describes the access control list (ACL) VLAN group and content addressable memory (CAM) enhancements. Optimizing CAM Utilization During the Attachment of ACLs to VLANs This functionality is supported on the Z9000 platform.
for the ACL VLAN groups present on the system, an appropriate error message is displayed.
• The maximum number of VLANs that you can configure as a member of ACL VLAN groups is limited to 512 on the Z9000 switch if two slices are allocated. If only one virtual flow processing slice is allocated, the maximum number of VLANs that you can configure as a member of an ACL VLAN group is 256 for the Z9000 switch. • Port ACL optimization is applicable only for ACLs that are applied without the VLAN range.
CONFIGURATION (conf-acl-vl-grp) mode member vlan {VLAN-range} 5. Display all the ACL VLAN groups or display a specific ACL VLAN group, identified by name.
EXEC Privilege mode Dell#show cam-usage switch Linecard|Portpipe| CAM Partition | Total CAM | Used CAM |Available CAM ========|========|=================|=============|=============| ============== 11 | 0 | IN-L2 ACL | 7152 | 0 | 7152 | | IN-L2 FIB | 32768 | 1081 | 31687 | | OUT-L2 ACL | 0 | 0 | 0 11 | 1 | IN-L2 ACL | 7152 | 0 | 7152 | | IN-L2 FIB | 32768 | 1081 | 31687 | | OUT-L2 ACL | 0 | 0 | 0 Viewing CAM Usage This functionality is supported on the Z9000 platform.
The following sample output displays the CAM space utilization when Layer 2 and Layer 3 ACLs are configured: Dell#show cam-usage acl Linecard|Portpipe| CAM Partition | Total CAM | Used CAM |Available CAM ========|========|=================|=============|=============|============ 11 | 0 | IN-L2 ACL | 1008 | 0 | 1008 | | IN-L3 ACL | 12288 | 2 | 12286 | | OUT-L2 ACL | 1024 | 2 | 1022 | | OUT-L3 ACL | 1024 | 0 | 1024 The following sample output displays the CAM space utilization for Layer 2 ACLs: Dell#show cam
You can configure only two of these features at a time. • To allocate the number of FP blocks for VLAN open flow operations, use the cam-acl-vlan vlanopenflow <0-2> command. • To allocate the number of FP blocks for VLAN iSCSI counters, use the cam-acl-vlan vlaniscsi <0-2> command. • To allocate the number of FP blocks for ACL VLAN optimization feature, use the cam-acl-vlan vlanaclopt <0-2> command. To reset the number of FP blocks to the default, use the no version of these commands.
8 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) BFD is a protocol that is used to rapidly detect communication failures between two adjacent systems. It is a simple and lightweight replacement for existing routing protocol link state detection mechanisms. It also provides a failure detection solution for links on which no routing protocol is used. BFD is a simple hello mechanism. Two neighboring systems running BFD establish a session using a three-way handshake.
NOTE: A session state change from Up to Down is the only state change that triggers a link state change in the routing protocol client. BFD Packet Format Control packets are encapsulated in user datagram protocol (UDP) packets. The following illustration shows the complete encapsulation of a BFD control packet inside an IPv4 packet. Figure 8. BFD in IPv4 Packet Format Field Description Diagnostic Code The reason that the last session failed. State The current local session state.
Field Description system clears the poll bit and sets the final bit in its response. The poll and final bits are used during the handshake and in Demand mode (refer to BFD Sessions). NOTE: Dell Networking OS does not currently support multi-point sessions, Demand mode, authentication, or control plane independence; these bits are always clear. Detection Multiplier The number of packets that must be missed in order to declare a session down. Length The entire length of the BFD packet.
BFD Sessions BFD must be enabled on both sides of a link in order to establish a session. The two participating systems can assume either of two roles: Active The active system initiates the BFD session. Both systems can be active for the same session. Passive The passive system does not initiate a session. It only responds to a request for session initialization from the active system.
handshake. Now the discriminator values have been exchanged and the transmit intervals have been negotiated. 4. The passive system receives the control packet and changes its state to Up. Both systems agree that a session has been established. However, because both members must send a control packet — that requires a response — anytime there is a state change or change in a session parameter, the passive system sends a final response indicating the state change.
receives a Down status notification from the remote system, the session state on the local system changes to Init. Figure 10. Session State Changes Important Points to Remember • On the platform, Dell Networking OS supports 128 sessions per stack unit at 200 minimum transmit and receive intervals with a multiplier of 3, and 64 sessions at 100 minimum transmit and receive intervals with a multiplier of 4. • Enable BFD on both ends of a link.
• Configure BFD for IS-IS • Configure BFD for BGP • Configure BFD for VRRP • Configuring Protocol Liveness • Troubleshooting BFD Configure BFD for Physical Ports Configuring BFD for physical ports is supported on the C-Series and E-Series platforms only. BFD on physical ports is useful when you do not enable the routing protocol. Without BFD, if the remote system fails, the local system does not remove the connected route until the first failed attempt to send a packet.
Establishing a Session on Physical Ports To establish a session, enable BFD at the interface level on both ends of the link, as shown in the following illustration. The configuration parameters do not need to match. Figure 11. Establishing a BFD Session on Physical Ports 1. Enter interface mode. CONFIGURATION mode interface 2. Assign an IP address to the interface if one is not already assigned. INTERFACE mode ip address ip-address 3.
Remote Addr: 2.2.2.
Number of messages from IFA about port state change: 0 Number of messages communicated b/w Manager and Agent: 7 Disabling and Re-Enabling BFD BFD is enabled on all interfaces by default, though sessions are not created unless explicitly configured. If you disable BFD, all of the sessions on that interface are placed in an Administratively Down state ( the first message example), and the remote systems are notified of the session state change (the second message example).
Establishing Sessions for Static Routes Sessions are established for all neighbors that are the next hop of a static route. Figure 12. Establishing Sessions for Static Routes To establish a BFD session, use the following command. • Establish BFD sessions for all neighbors that are the next hop of a static route. CONFIGURATION mode ip route bfd Example of the show bfd neighbors Command to Verify Static Routes To verify that sessions have been created for static routes, use the show bfd neighbors command.
• Change parameters for all static route sessions. CONFIGURATION mode ip route bfd interval milliseconds min_rx milliseconds multiplier value role [active | passive] To view session parameters, use the show bfd neighbors detail command, as shown in the examples in Displaying BFD for BGP Information. Disabling BFD for Static Routes If you disable BFD, all static route BFD sessions are torn down.
Establishing Sessions with OSPF Neighbors BFD sessions can be established with all OSPF neighbors at once or sessions can be established with all neighbors out of a specific interface. Sessions are only established when the OSPF adjacency is in the Full state. Figure 13. Establishing Sessions with OSPF Neighbors To establish BFD with all OSPF neighbors or with OSPF neighbors on a single interface, use the following commands. • Establish sessions with all OSPF neighbors.
INTERFACE mode ip ospf bfd all-neighbors Example of Verifying Sessions with OSPF Neighbors To view the established sessions, use the show bfd neighbors command. The bold line shows the OSPF BFD sessions. R2(conf-router_ospf)#bfd all-neighbors R2(conf-router_ospf)#do show bfd neighbors * - Active session role Ad Dn - Admin Down C - CLI I - ISIS O - OSPF R - Static Route (RTM) LocalAddr RemoteAddr Interface State Rx-int Tx-int Mult Clients * 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.1 Gi 2/1 Up 100 100 3 O * 2.2.3.1 2.2.3.
• Disable BFD sessions with all OSPF neighbors. ROUTER-OSPF mode • no bfd all-neighbors Disable BFD sessions with all OSPF neighbors on an interface. INTERFACE mode ip ospf bfd all-neighbors disable Configure BFD for OSPFv3 BFD for OSPFv3 is only supported on the Z9000 platform. BFD for OSPFv3 provides support for IPV6. Configuring BFD for OSPFv3 is a two-step process: 1. Enable BFD globally. 2. Establish sessions with OSPFv3 neighbors.
To view session parameters, use the show bfd neighbors detail command, as shown in the example in Displaying BFD for BGP Information. • Change parameters for all OSPFv3 sessions. ROUTER-OSPFv3 mode • bfd all-neighbors interval milliseconds min_rx milliseconds multiplier value role [active | passive] Change parameters for OSPFv3 sessions on a single interface.
Establishing Sessions with IS-IS Neighbors BFD sessions can be established for all IS-IS neighbors at once or sessions can be established for all neighbors out of a specific interface. Figure 14. Establishing Sessions with IS-IS Neighbors To establish BFD with all IS-IS neighbors or with IS-IS neighbors on a single interface, use the following commands. • Establish sessions with all IS-IS neighbors. ROUTER-ISIS mode • bfd all-neighbors Establish sessions with IS-IS neighbors on a single interface.
The bold line shows that IS-IS BFD sessions are enabled. R2(conf-router_isis)#bfd all-neighbors R2(conf-router_isis)#do show bfd neighbors * - Active session role Ad Dn - Admin Down C - CLI I - ISIS O - OSPF R - Static Route (RTM) LocalAddr * 2.2.2.2 RemoteAddr Interface State Rx-int Tx-int Mult Clients 2.2.2.1 Gi 2/1 Up 100 100 3 I Changing IS-IS Session Parameters BFD sessions are configured with default intervals and a default role.
INTERFACE mose isis bfd all-neighbors disable Configure BFD for BGP Bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) for BGP is supported on the Z9000 platform. In a BGP core network, BFD provides rapid detection of communication failures in BGP fast-forwarding paths between internal BGP (iBGP) and external BGP (eBGP) peers for faster network reconvergence. BFD for BGP is supported on 1GE, 10GE, 40GE, port-channel, and VLAN interfaces. BFD for BGP does not support IPv6 and the BGP multihop feature.
Figure 15. Establishing Sessions with BGP Neighbors The sample configuration shows alternative ways to establish a BFD session with a BGP neighbor: • By establishing BFD sessions with all neighbors discovered by BGP (the bfd all-neighbors command). • By establishing a BFD session with a specified BGP neighbor (the neighbor {ip-address | peergroup-name} bfd command) BFD packets originating from a router are assigned to the highest priority egress queue to minimize transmission delays.
typical response is to terminate the peering session for the routing protocol and reconverge by bypassing the failed neighboring router. A log message is generated whenever BFD detects a failure condition. 1. Enable BFD globally. CONFIGURATION mode bfd enable 2. Specify the AS number and enter ROUTER BGP configuration mode. CONFIGURATION mode router bgp as-number 3. Add a BGP neighbor or peer group in a remote AS. CONFIG-ROUTERBGP mode neighbor {ip-address | peer-group name} remote-as as-number 4.
ROUTER BGP mode • neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} bfd disable Remove the disabled state of a BFD for BGP session with a specified neighbor. ROUTER BGP mode no neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} bfd disable Use BFD in a BGP Peer Group You can establish a BFD session for the members of a peer group (the neighbor peer-group-name bfd command in ROUTER BGP configuration mode).
Examples of the BFD show Commands The following example shows verifying a BGP configuration. R2# show running-config bgp ! router bgp 2 neighbor 1.1.1.2 remote-as 1 neighbor 1.1.1.2 no shutdown neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 1 neighbor 2.2.2.2 no shutdown neighbor 3.3.3.2 remote-as 1 neighbor 3.3.3.2 no shutdown bfd all-neighbors The following example shows viewing all BFD neighbors.
Number of messages from IFA about port state change: 0 Number of messages communicated b/w Manager and Agent: 5 Session Discriminator: 10 Neighbor Discriminator: 11 Local Addr: 2.2.2.3 Local MAC Addr: 00:01:e8:66:da:34 Remote Addr: 2.2.2.
Down Admin Down : 0 : 2 The following example shows viewing BFD summary information. The bold line shows the message displayed when you enable BFD for BGP connections. R2# show ip bgp summary BGP router identifier 10.0.0.1, local AS number 2 BGP table version is 0, main routing table version 0 BFD is enabled, Interval 100 Min_rx 100 Multiplier 3 Role Active 3 neighbor(s) using 24168 bytes of memory Neighbor AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/Pfx 1.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 3.3.3.
Connections established 1; dropped 0 Last reset never Local host: 2.2.2.3, Local port: 63805 Foreign host: 2.2.2.2, Foreign port: 179 E1200i_ExaScale# R2# show ip bgp neighbors 2.2.2.3 BGP neighbor is 2.2.2.3, remote AS 1, external link Member of peer-group pg1 for session parameters BGP version 4, remote router ID 12.0.0.4 BGP state ESTABLISHED, in this state for 00:05:33 ... Neighbor is using BGP neighbor mode BFD configuration Peer active in peer-group outbound optimization ...
Establishing Sessions with All VRRP Neighbors BFD sessions can be established for all VRRP neighbors at once, or a session can be established with a particular neighbor. Figure 16. Establishing Sessions with All VRRP Neighbors To establish sessions with all VRRP neighbors, use the following command. • Establish sessions with all VRRP neighbors.
The bold line shows that VRRP BFD sessions are enabled. Dell(conf-if-gi-4/25)#vrrp bfd all-neighbors Dell(conf-if-gi-4/25)#do show bfd neighbor * - Active session role Ad Dn - Admin Down C - CLI I - ISIS O - OSPF R - Static Route (RTM) V - VRRP LocalAddr RemoteAddr Interface State Rx-int Tx-int Mult Clients * 2.2.5.1 2.2.5.2 Gi 4/25 Down 1000 1000 3 V To view session state information, use the show vrrp command. The bold line shows the VRRP BFD session.
Disabling BFD for VRRP If you disable any or all VRRP sessions, the sessions are torn down. A final Admin Down control packet is sent to all neighbors and sessions on the remote system change to the Down state. To disable all VRRP sessions on an interface, sessions for a particular VRRP group, or for a particular VRRP session on an interface, use the following commands. • Disable all VRRP sessions on an interface. INTERFACE mode • no vrrp bfd all-neighbors Disable all VRRP sessions in a VRRP group.
Down for neighbor 2.2.2.2 on interface Gi 4/24 (diag: 0) 00:54:38 : Sent packet for session with neighbor 2.2.2.2 on Gi 4/24 TX packet dump: Version:1, Diag code:0, State:Down, Poll bit:0, Final bit:0, Demand bit:0 myDiscrim:4, yourDiscrim:0, minTx:1000000, minRx:1000000, multiplier:3, minEchoRx:0 00:54:38 : Received packet for session with neighbor 2.2.2.
Border Gateway Protocol IPv4 (BGPv4) 9 This chapter provides a general description of BGPv4 as it is supported in the Dell Networking Operating System (OS). BGP protocol standards are listed in the Standards Compliance chapter. BGP is an external gateway protocol that transmits interdomain routing information within and between autonomous systems (AS). The primary function of the BGP is to exchange network reachability information with other BGP systems.
Figure 17. Internal BGP BGP version 4 (BGPv4) supports classless interdomain routing and aggregate routes and AS paths. BGP is a path vector protocol — a computer network in which BGP maintains the path that updated information takes as it diffuses through the network. Updates traveling through the network and returning to the same node are easily detected and discarded.
Figure 18. BGP Routers in Full Mesh The number of BGP speakers each BGP peer must maintain increases exponentially. Network management quickly becomes impossible. Sessions and Peers When two routers communicate using the BGP protocol, a BGP session is started. The two end-points of that session are Peers. A Peer is also called a Neighbor.
Establish a Session Information exchange between peers is driven by events and timers. The focus in BGP is on the traffic routing policies. In order to make decisions in its operations with other BGP peers, a BGP process uses a simple finite state machine that consists of six states: Idle, Connect, Active, OpenSent, OpenConfirm, and Established. For each peer-to-peer session, a BGP implementation tracks which of these six states the session is in.
Route reflection divides iBGP peers into two groups: client peers and nonclient peers. A route reflector and its client peers form a route reflection cluster. Because BGP speakers announce only the best route for a given prefix, route reflector rules are applied after the router makes its best path decision. • If a route was received from a nonclient peer, reflect the route to all client peers. • If the route was received from a client peer, reflect the route to all nonclient and all client peers.
• Next Hop NOTE: There are no hard coded limits on the number of attributes that are supported in the BGP. Taking into account other constraints such as the Packet Size, maximum number of attributes are supported in BGP. Communities BGP communities are sets of routes with one or more common attributes. Communities are a way to assign common attributes to multiple routes at the same time. NOTE: Duplicate communities are not rejected.
Figure 20. BGP Best Path Selection Best Path Selection Details 1. Prefer the path with the largest WEIGHT attribute. 2. Prefer the path with the largest LOCAL_PREF attribute. 3. Prefer the path that was locally Originated via a network command, redistribute command or aggregate-address command. a. 4. Routes originated with the Originated via a network or redistribute commands are preferred over routes originated with the aggregate-address command.
c. Paths with no MED are treated as “worst” and assigned a MED of 4294967295. 7. Prefer external (EBGP) to internal (IBGP) paths or confederation EBGP paths. 8. Prefer the path with the lowest IGP metric to the BGP if next-hop is selected when synchronization is disabled and only an internal path remains. 9. Dell Networking OS deems the paths as equal and does not perform steps 9 through 11, if the following criteria is met: a.
and AS300. This is advertised to all routers within AS100, causing all BGP speakers to prefer the path through Router B. Figure 21. BGP Local Preference Multi-Exit Discriminators (MEDs) If two ASs connect in more than one place, a multi-exit discriminator (MED) can be used to assign a preference to a preferred path. MED is one of the criteria used to determine the best path, so keep in mind that other criteria may impact selection, as shown in the illustration in Best Path Selection Criteria.
Figure 22. Multi-Exit Discriminators NOTE: Configuring the set metric-type internal command in a route-map advertises the IGP cost as MED to outbound EBGP peers when redistributing routes. The configured set metric value overwrites the default IGP cost. If the outbound route-map uses MED, it overwrites IGP MED. Origin The origin indicates the origin of the prefix, or how the prefix came into BGP. There are three origin codes: IGP, EGP, INCOMPLETE.
*> 7.0.0.0/30 *> 9.2.0.0/16 10.114.8.33 10.114.8.33 0 10 0 0 18508 18508 ? 701 i AS Path The AS path is the list of all ASs that all the prefixes listed in the update have passed through. The local AS number is added by the BGP speaker when advertising to a eBGP neighbor. NOTE: Any update that contains the AS path number 0 is valid. The AS path is shown in the following example. The origin attribute is shown following the AS path information (shown in bold).
Multiprotocol BGP Multiprotocol extensions for BGP (MBGP) is defined in IETF RFC 2858. MBGP allows different types of address families to be distributed in parallel. MBGP for IPv4 multicast is supported on the Z9000 platform. MBGP allows information about the topology of the IP multicast-capable routers to be exchanged separately from the topology of normal IPv4 and IPv6 unicast routers. It allows a multicast routing topology different from the unicast routing topology.
• internal configured, BGP advertises the metric configured in the redistribute command as MED. If BGP peer outbound route-map has metric configured, all other metrics are overwritten by this configuration. NOTE: When redistributing static, connected, or OSPF routes, there is no metric option. Simply assign the appropriate route-map to the redistributed route. The following table lists some examples of these rules. Table 6.
Configure 4-byte AS numbers with the four-octet-support command. AS4 Number Representation Dell Networking OS supports multiple representations of 4-byte AS numbers: asplain, asdot+, and asdot. NOTE: The ASDOT and ASDOT+ representations are supported only with the 4-Byte AS numbers feature. If 4-Byte AS numbers are not implemented, only ASPLAIN representation is supported. ASPLAIN is the method Dell Networking OS has used for all previous Dell Networking OS versions.
! router bgp 100 bgp asnotation asdot+ bgp four-octet-as-support neighbor 172.30.1.250 local-as 65057
appear as if it still belongs to Router B’s old network (AS 200) as far as communicating with Router C is concerned. Figure 23. Before and After AS Number Migration with Local-AS Enabled When you complete your migration, and you have reconfigured your network with the new information, disable this feature. If you use the “no prepend” option, the Local-AS does not prepend to the updates received from the eBGP peer.
3. Prepend "65001 65002" to as-path. Local-AS is prepended before the route-map to give an impression that update passed through a router in AS 200 before it reached Router B. BGP4 Management Information Base (MIB) The FORCE10-BGP4-V2-MIB enhances Dell Networking OS BGP management information base (MIB) support with many new simple network management protocol (SNMP) objects and notifications (traps) defined in draft-ietf-idr-bgp4-mibv2-05.
• The f10BgpM2[Cfg]PeerReflectorClient field is populated based on the assumption that routereflector clients are not in a full mesh if you enable BGP client-2-client reflection and that the BGP speaker acting as reflector advertises routes learned from one client to another client. If disabled, it is assumed that clients are in a full mesh and there is no need to advertise prefixes to the other clients. • High CPU utilization may be observed during an SNMP walk of a large BGP Loc-RIB.
By default, Dell Networking OS compares the MED attribute on different paths from within the same AS (the bgp always-compare-med command is not enabled). NOTE: In Dell Networking OS, all newly configured neighbors and peer groups are disabled. To enable a neighbor or peer group, enter the neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} no shutdown command. The following table displays the default values for BGP on Dell Networking OS. Table 7.
NOTE: Sample Configurations for enabling BGP routers are found at the end of this chapter. 1. Assign an AS number and enter ROUTER BGP mode. CONFIGURATION mode router bgp as-number • as-number: from 0 to 65535 (2 Byte) or from 1 to 4294967295 (4 Byte) or 0.1 to 65535.65535 (Dotted format). Only one AS is supported per system. NOTE: If you enter a 4-Byte AS number, 4-Byte AS support is enabled automatically. a. Enable 4-Byte support for the BGP process. NOTE: This command is OPTIONAL.
CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} no shutdown Examples of the show ip bgp Commands NOTE: When you change the configuration of a BGP neighbor, always reset it by entering the clear ip bgp * command in EXEC Privilege mode. To view the BGP configuration, enter show config in CONFIGURATION ROUTER BGP mode. To view the BGP status, use the show ip bgp summary command in EXEC Privilege mode.
For the router’s identifier, Dell Networking OS uses the highest IP address of the Loopback interfaces configured. Because Loopback interfaces are virtual, they cannot go down, thus preventing changes in the router ID. If you do not configure Loopback interfaces, the highest IP address of any interface is used as the router ID. To view the status of BGP neighbors, use the show ip bgp neighbors command in EXEC Privilege mode as shown in the first example.
Connections established 0; dropped 0 Last reset never No active TCP connection Dell# The following example shows verifying the BGP configuration using the show running-config bgp command.. Dell#show running-config bgp ! router bgp 65123 bgp router-id 192.168.10.2 network 10.10.21.0/24 network 10.10.32.0/24 network 100.10.92.0/24 network 192.168.10.0/24 bgp four-octet-as-support neighbor 10.10.21.1 remote-as 65123 neighbor 10.10.21.1 filter-list ISP1in neighbor 10.10.21.1 no shutdown neighbor 10.10.32.
bgp asnotation asplain • NOTE: ASPLAIN is the default method Dell Networking OS uses and does not appear in the configuration display. Enable ASDOT AS Number representation. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode • bgp asnotation asdot Enable ASDOT+ AS Number representation. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode bgp asnotation asdot+ Examples of the bgp asnotation Commands The following example shows the bgp asnotation asplain command output.
Configuring Peer Groups To configure multiple BGP neighbors at one time, create and populate a BGP peer group. An advantage of peer groups is that members of a peer group inherit the configuration properties of the group and share same update policy. A maximum of 256 peer groups are allowed on the system. Create a peer group by assigning it a name, then adding members to the peer group. After you create a peer group, you can configure route policies for it.
To add an internal BGP (IBGP) neighbor, configure the as-number parameter with the same BGP asnumber configured in the router bgp as-number command. Examples of Viewing and Configuring Peer Groups After you create a peer group, you can use any of the commands beginning with the keyword neighbor to configure that peer group. When you add a peer to a peer group, it inherits all the peer group’s configured parameters.
neighbor 10.1.1.1 shutdown neighbor 10.14.8.60 remote-as 18505 neighbor 10.14.8.60 no shutdown Dell(conf-router_bgp)# To disable a peer group, use the neighbor peer-group-name shutdown command in CONFIGURATION ROUTER BGP mode. The configuration of the peer group is maintained, but it is not applied to the peer group members. When you disable a peer group, all the peers within the peer group that are in the ESTABLISHED state move to the IDLE state.
When you enable fall-over, BGP tracks IP reachability to the peer remote address and the peer local address. Whenever either address becomes unreachable (for example, no active route exists in the routing table for peer IPv6 destinations/local address), BGP brings down the session with the peer. The BGP fast fall-over feature is configured on a per-neighbor or peer-group basis and is disabled by default. To enable the BGP fast fall-over feature, use the following command.
Notification History 'Connection Reset' Sent : 5 Recv: 0 Local host: 200.200.200.200, Local port: 65519 Foreign host: 100.100.100.100, Foreign port: 179 Dell# To verify that fast fall-over is enabled on a peer-group, use the show ip bgp peer-group command (shown in bold).
CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor peer-group-name subnet subnet-number mask The peer group responds to OPEN messages sent on this subnet. 3. Enable the peer group. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor peer-group-name no shutdown 4. Create and specify a remote peer for BGP neighbor. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor peer-group-name remote-as as-number Only after the peer group responds to an OPEN message sent on the subnet does its BGP state change to ESTABLISHED.
network 100.10.92.0/24 network 192.168.10.0/24 bgp four-octet-as-support neighbor 10.10.21.1 remote-as 65123 neighbor 10.10.21.1 filter-list Laura in neighbor 10.10.21.1 no shutdown neighbor 10.10.32.3 remote-as 65123 neighbor 10.10.32.3 no shutdown neighbor 100.10.92.9 remote-as 65192 neighbor 100.10.92.9 local-as 6500 neighbor 100.10.92.9 no shutdown neighbor 192.168.10.1 remote-as 65123 neighbor 192.168.10.1 update-source Loopback 0 neighbor 192.168.10.1 no shutdown neighbor 192.168.12.
neighbor 100.10.92.9 local-as 6500 neighbor 100.10.92.9 no shutdown neighbor 192.168.10.1 remote-as 65123 neighbor 192.168.10.1 update-source Loopback 0 neighbor 192.168.10.1 no shutdown neighbor 192.168.12.2 remote-as 65123 neighbor 192.168.12.2 allowas-in 9 neighbor 192.168.12.2 update-source Loopback 0 neighbor 192.168.12.2 no shutdown R2(conf-router_bgp)#R2(conf-router_bgp)# Enabling Graceful Restart Use this feature to lessen the negative effects of a BGP restart.
• Set maximum time to retain the restarting peer’s stale paths. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode bgp graceful-restart [stale-path-time time-in-seconds] • The default is 360 seconds. Local router supports graceful restart as a receiver only. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode bgp graceful-restart [role receiver-only] Enabling Neighbor Graceful Restart BGP graceful restart is active only when the neighbor becomes established. Otherwise, it is disabled. Graceful-restart applies to all neighbors with established adjacency.
to affect interdomain routing. By identifying certain ASN in the AS_PATH, you can permit or deny routes based on the number in its AS_PATH. AS-PATH ACLs use regular expressions to search AS_PATH values. AS-PATH ACLs have an “implicit deny.” This means that routes that do not meet a deny or match filter are dropped. To configure an AS-PATH ACL to filter a specific AS_PATH value, use these commands in the following sequence. 1. Assign a name to a AS-PATH ACL and enter AS-PATH ACL mode.
0x6cc18d4 0x5982e44 0x67d4a14 0x559972c 0x59cd3b4 0x7128114 0x536a914 0x2ffe884 0x2ff7284 0x2ff7ec4 0x2ff8544 0x736c144 0x3b8d224 0x5eb1e44 0x5cd891c --More-- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 162 2 31 2 10 3 1 99 4 3 1 10 1 9 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 18508 701 209 701 209 209 209 209 701 701 209 701 701 209 701 209 2914 4713 17935 i i 19878 ? 18756 i 7018 15227 i 3356 13845 i 701 6347 7781 i 3561 9116 21350 i 1239 577 855 ? 3561 4755 17426 i 574
The following example applies access list Eagle to routes inbound from BGP peer 10.5.5.2. Access list Eagle uses a regular expression to deny routes originating in AS 32. The first lines shown in bold create the access list and filter. The second lines shown in bold are the regular expression shown as part of the access list filter.
redistribute isis [level-1 | level-1-2 | level-2] [metric value] [route-map map-name] Configure the following parameters: – level-1, level-1-2, or level-2: Assign all redistributed routes to a level. The default is level-2. – metric value: The value is from 0 to 16777215. The default is 0. • – map-name: name of a configured route map. Include specific OSPF routes in IS-IS.
IETF RFC 1997 defines the COMMUNITY attribute and the predefined communities of INTERNET, NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED, NO_ADVERTISE, and NO_EXPORT. All BGP routes belong to the INTERNET community. In the RFC, the other communities are defined as follows: • All routes with the NO_EXPORT_SUBCONFED (0xFFFFFF03) community attribute are not sent to CONFED-EBGP or EBGP peers, but are sent to IBGP peers within CONFED-SUB-AS. • All routes with the NO_ADVERTISE (0xFFFFFF02) community attribute must not be advertised.
deny deny deny deny deny deny Dell# 701:667 702:667 703:667 704:666 705:666 14551:666 Configuring an IP Extended Community List To configure an IP extended community list, use these commands. 1. Create a extended community list and enter the EXTCOMMUNITY-LIST mode. CONFIGURATION mode ip extcommunity-list extcommunity-list-name 2. Two types of extended communities are supported.
Filtering Routes with Community Lists To use an IP community list or IP extended community list to filter routes, you must apply a match community filter to a route map and then apply that route map to a BGP neighbor or peer group. 1. Enter the ROUTE-MAP mode and assign a name to a route map. CONFIGURATION mode route-map map-name [permit | deny] [sequence-number] 2. Configure a match filter for all routes meeting the criteria in the IP community or IP extended community list.
To view the BGP configuration, use the show config command in CONFIGURATION ROUTER BGP mode. If you want to remove or add a specific COMMUNITY number from a BGP path, you must create a route map with one or both of the following statements in the route map. Then apply that route map to a BGP neighbor or peer group. 1. Enter ROUTE-MAP mode and assign a name to a route map. CONFIGURATION mode route-map map-name [permit | deny] [sequence-number] 2.
Dell>show ip bgp community BGP table version is 3762622, local router ID is 10.114.8.48 Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network * i 3.0.0.0/8 *>i 4.2.49.12/30 * i 4.21.132.0/23 *>i 4.24.118.16/30 *>i 4.24.145.0/30 *>i 4.24.187.12/30 *>i 4.24.202.0/30 *>i 4.25.88.0/30 *>i 6.1.0.0/16 *>i 6.2.0.0/22 *>i 6.3.0.0/18 *>i 6.4.0.0/16 *>i 6.5.0.0/19 *>i 6.8.0.0/20 *>i 6.9.0.0/20 *>i 6.10.0.0/15 *>i 6.14.0.0/15 *>i 6.133.0.
CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode bgp default local-preference value – value: the range is from 0 to 4294967295. The default is 100. To view the BGP configuration, use the show config command in CONFIGURATION ROUTER BGP mode or the show running-config bgp command in EXEC Privilege mode. A more flexible method for manipulating the LOCAL_PREF attribute value is to use a route map. 1. Enter the ROUTE-MAP mode and assign a name to a route map. CONFIGURATION mode route-map map-name [permit | deny] [sequence-number] 2.
set next-hop ip-address Changing the WEIGHT Attribute To change how the WEIGHT attribute is used, enter the first command. You can also use route maps to change this and other BGP attributes. For example, you can include the second command in a route map to specify the next hop address. • Assign a weight to the neighbor connection. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} weight weight – weight: the range is from 0 to 65535. • The default is 0. Sets weight for the route.
For inbound and outbound updates the order of preference is: • prefix lists (using the neighbor distribute-list command) • AS-PATH ACLs (using the neighbor filter-list command) • route maps (using the neighbor route-map command) Prior to filtering BGP routes, create the prefix list, AS-PATH ACL, or route map. For configuration information about prefix lists, AS-PATH ACLs, and route maps, refer to Access Control Lists (ACLs).
• If the prefix list contains no filters, all routes are permitted. • If none of the routes match any of the filters in the prefix list, the route is denied. This action is called an implicit deny. (If you want to forward all routes that do not match the prefix list criteria, you must configure a prefix list filter to permit all routes. For example, you could have the following filter as the last filter in your prefix list permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 32).
Filtering BGP Routes Using AS-PATH Information To filter routes based on AS-PATH information, use these commands. 1. Create a AS-PATH ACL and assign it a name. CONFIGURATION mode ip as-path access-list as-path-name 2. Create a AS-PATH ACL filter with a deny or permit action. AS-PATH ACL mode {deny | permit} as-regular-expression 3. Return to CONFIGURATION mode. AS-PATH ACL exit 4. Enter ROUTER BGP mode. CONFIGURATION mode router bgp as-number 5.
• Assign an ID to a router reflector cluster. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode bgp cluster-id cluster-id • You can have multiple clusters in an AS. Configure the local router as a route reflector and the neighbor or peer group identified is the route reflector client. CONFIG-ROUTER-BGP mode neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} route-reflector-client When you enable a route reflector, Dell Networking OS automatically enables route reflection to all clients.
Configuring BGP Confederations Another way to organize routers within an AS and reduce the mesh for IBGP peers is to configure BGP confederations. As with route reflectors, BGP confederations are recommended only for IBGP peering involving many IBGP peering sessions per router. Basically, when you configure BGP confederations, you break the AS into smaller sub-AS, and to those outside your network, the confederations appear as one AS.
• history entry — an entry that stores information on a downed route • dampened path — a path that is no longer advertised • penalized path — a path that is assigned a penalty To configure route flap dampening parameters, set dampening parameters using a route map, clear information on route dampening and return suppressed routes to active state, view statistics on route flapping, or change the path selection from the default mode (deterministic) to non-deterministic, use the following commands.
show ip bgp flap-statistics [ip-address [mask]] [filter-list as-path-name] [regexp regular-expression] – ip-address [mask]: enter the IP address and mask. – filter-list as-path-name: enter the name of an AS-PATH ACL. – regexp regular-expression: enter a regular express to match on. • By default, the path selection in Dell Networking OS is deterministic, that is, paths are compared irrespective of the order of their arrival.
Dampening enabled. 0 history paths, 0 dampened paths, 0 penalized paths Neighbor AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer 10.114.8.34 18508 82883 79977 780266 10.114.8.33 18508 117265 25069 780266 Dell> InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd 0 2 00:38:51 118904 0 20 00:38:50 102759 To view which routes are dampened (non-active), use the show ip bgp dampened-routes command in EXEC Privilege mode. Changing BGP Timers To configure BGP timers, use either or both of the following commands.
To reset a BGP connection using BGP soft reconfiguration, use the clear ip bgp command in EXEC Privilege mode at the system prompt. When you enable soft-reconfiguration for a neighbor and you execute the clear ip bgp soft in command, the update database stored in the router is replayed and updates are reevaluated. With this command, the replay and update process is triggered only if a route-refresh request is not negotiated with the peer.
Route Map Continue The BGP route map continue feature, continue [sequence-number], (in ROUTE-MAP mode) allows movement from one route-map entry to a specific route-map entry (the sequence number). If you do not specify a sequence number, the continue feature moves to the next sequence number (also known as an “implied continue”). If a match clause exists, the continue feature executes only after a successful match occurs. If there are no successful matches, continue is ignored.
• When exchanging updates with the peer, BGP sends and receives IPv4 multicast routes if the peer is marked as supporting that AFI/SAFI. • Exchange of IPv4 multicast route information occurs through the use of two new attributes called MP_REACH_NLRI and MP_UNREACH_NLRI, for feasible and withdrawn routes, respectively. • If the peer has not been activated in any AFI/SAFI, the peer remains in Idle state.
EXEC Privilege mode • debug ip bgp [ip-address | peer-group peer-group-name] notifications [in | out] View information about BGP updates and filter by prefix name. EXEC Privilege mode • debug ip bgp [ip-address | peer-group peer-group-name] updates [in | out] [prefix-list name] Enable soft-reconfiguration debug.
Capabilities advertised to neighbor for IPv4 Unicast : MULTIPROTO_EXT(1) ROUTE_REFRESH(2) CISCO_ROUTE_REFRESH(128) For address family: IPv4 Unicast BGP table version 1395, neighbor version 1394 Prefixes accepted 1 (consume 4 bytes), 0 withdrawn by peer Prefixes advertised 0, rejected 0, 0 withdrawn from peer Connections established 3; dropped 2 Last reset 00:00:12, due to Missing well known attribute Notification History 'UPDATE error/Missing well-known attr' Sent : 1 Recv: 0 'Connection Reset' Sent : 1 Rec
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0181a1e4 0181a25c 41af92c0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 0181a1e4 0181a25c 41af9400 00000000 PDU[2] : len 19, captured 00:34:51 ago ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff 00130400 PDU[3] : len 19, captured 00:34:51 ago ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff 00130400 PDU[4] : len 19, captured 00:34:22 ago ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff 00130400 [. . .] Outgoing packet capture enabled for BGP neighbor 20.20.20.
Sample Configurations The following example configurations show how to enable BGP and set up some peer groups. These examples are not comprehensive directions. They are intended to give you some guidance with typical configurations. To support your own IP addresses, interfaces, names, and so on, you can copy and paste from these examples to your CLI. Be sure that you make the necessary changes. The following illustration shows the configurations described on the following examples.
no shutdown R1(conf-if-lo-0)#int te 1/21 R1(conf-if-te-1/21)#ip address 10.0.1.21/24 R1(conf-if-te-1/21)#no shutdown R1(conf-if-te-1/21)#show config ! interface TengigabitEthernet 1/21 ip address 10.0.1.21/24 no shutdown R1(conf-if-te-1/21)#int te 1/31 R1(conf-if-te-1/31)#ip address 10.0.3.31/24 R1(conf-if-te-1/31)#no shutdown R1(conf-if-te-1/31)#show config ! interface TengigabitEthernet 1/31 ip address 10.0.3.31/24 no shutdown R1(conf-if-te-1/31)#router bgp 99 R1(conf-router_bgp)#network 192.168.128.
R2(conf-router_bgp)#network 192.168.128.0/24 R2(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 192.168.128.1 remote 99 R2(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 192.168.128.1 no shut R2(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 192.168.128.1 update-source loop 0 R2(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 192.168.128.3 remote 100 R2(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 192.168.128.3 no shut R2(conf-router_bgp)#neighbor 192.168.128.3 update loop 0 R2(conf-router_bgp)#show config ! router bgp 99 bgp router-id 192.168.128.2 network 192.168.128.
R1(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 192.168.128.3 peer-group BBB R1(conf-router_bgp)# R1(conf-router_bgp)#show config ! router bgp 99 network 192.168.128.0/24 neighbor AAA peer-group neighbor AAA no shutdown neighbor BBB peer-group neighbor BBB no shutdown neighbor 192.168.128.2 remote-as 99 neighbor 192.168.128.2 peer-group AAA neighbor 192.168.128.2 update-source Loopback 0 neighbor 192.168.128.2 no shutdown neighbor 192.168.128.3 remote-as 100 neighbor 192.168.128.3 peer-group BBB neighbor 192.168.128.
Minimum time between advertisement runs is 30 seconds Minimum time before advertisements start is 0 seconds Example of Enabling Peer Groups (Router 2) R2#conf R2(conf)#router bgp 99 R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor CCC peer-group R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor CC no shutdown R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor BBB peer-group R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor BBB no shutdown R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 192.168.128.1 peer AAA R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 192.168.128.1 no shut R2(conf-router_bgp)# neighbor 192.168.128.
BGP-RIB over all using 207 bytes of memory 2 BGP path attribute entrie(s) using 128 bytes of memory 2 BGP AS-PATH entrie(s) using 90 bytes of memory 2 neighbor(s) using 9216 bytes of memory Neighbor AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/Pfx 192.168.128.1 99 93 99 1 0 (0) 00:00:15 1 192.168.128.2 99 122 120 1 0 (0) 00:00:11 1 R3#show ip bgp neighbor BGP neighbor is 192.168.128.1, remote AS 99, external link Member of peer-group BBB for session parameters BGP version 4, remote router ID 192.168.
Content Addressable Memory (CAM) 10 CAM is a type of memory that stores information in the form of a lookup table. On Dell Networking systems, CAM stores Layer 2 and Layer 3 forwarding information, access-lists (ACLs), flows, and routing policies. CAM Allocation The user configurable CAM allocations feature is available on the Z9000 platform.
CAM Allocation Setting vrfv4Acl 0 Openflow 0 fedgovacl 0 The following additional CAM allocation settings are supported on the S6000, S4810 or S4820T platforms only. Table 9. Additional Default CAM Allocation Settings Additional CAM Allocation Setting FCoE ACL (fcoeacl) 0 ISCSI Opt ACL (iscsioptacl) 0 The ipv6acl and vman-dual-qos allocations must be entered as a factor of 2 (2, 4, 6, 8, 10). All other profile allocations can use either even or odd numbered ranges.
NOTE: Selecting default resets the CAM entries to the default settings. Select l2acl to allocate the desired space for all other regions. 2. Enter the number of FP blocks for each region.
Profile Name L2FIB L2ACL IPv4FIB IPv4ACL IPv4Flow EgL2ACL EgIPv4ACL Reserved FIB : ACL : Flow : EgACL : MicroCode Name --More-- : : : : : : : : : 0 0 0 0 : Default 32K entries 1K entries 256K entries 12K entries 24K entries 1K entries 1K entries 8K entries entries entries entries entries Default : : : : 0 0 0 0 : Default : 32K entries : 1K entries : 256K entries : 12K entries : 24K entries : 1K entries : 1K entries : 8K entries entries entries entries entries : Default To view brief output of the show
L2Acl Ipv4Acl Ipv6Acl Ipv4Qos L2Qos L2PT IpMacAcl VmanQos VmanDualQos EcfmAcl FcoeAcl iscsiOptAcl ipv4pbr vrfv4Acl Openflow fedgovacl : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6 4 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 Dell(conf)# Example of Viewing CAM-ACL Settings () NOTE: If you change the cam-acl setting from the CONFIGURATION mode, the output of this command does not reflect any changes until you save the running-configuration and reload the chassis.
iscsiOptAcl ipv4pbr vrfv4Acl Openflow fedgovacl : : : : : 0 0 0 0 0 -- Stack unit 7 -Current Settings(in block sizes) 1 block = 128 entries L2Acl : 6 Ipv4Acl : 4 Ipv6Acl : 0 Ipv4Qos : 2 L2Qos : 1 L2PT : 0 IpMacAcl : 0 VmanQos : 0 VmanDualQos : 0 EcfmAcl : 0 FcoeAcl : 0 iscsiOptAcl : 0 ipv4pbr : 0 vrfv4Acl : 0 Openflow : 0 fedgovacl : 0 Dell# View CAM Usage View the amount of CAM space available, used, and remaining in each ACL partition using the show cam-usage command from EXEC Privilege mode.
CAM Optimization CAM optimization is supported on the Z9000 platform. When you enable this command, if a Policy Map containing classification rules (ACL and/or dscp/ ipprecedence rules) is applied to more than one physical interface on the same port-pipe, only a single copy of the policy is written (only 1 FP entry is used). Troubleshoot CAM Profiling The following section describes CAM profiling troubleshooting. CAM Profile Mismatches The CAM profile on all cards must match the system profile.
Dell Networking OS supports the ability to view the actual CAM usage before applying a service-policy. The test cam-usage service-policy command provides this test framework. For more information, refer to Pre-Calculating Available QoS CAM Space.
Control Plane Policing (CoPP) 11 Control plane policing (CoPP) uses access control list (ACL) rules and quality of service (QoS) policies to create filters for a system’s control plane. That filter prevents traffic not specifically identified as legitimate from reaching the system control plane, rate-limits, traffic to an acceptable level.
Figure 26. CoPP Implemented Versus CoPP Not Implemented Configure Control Plane Policing For example, border gateway protocol (BGP) and internet control message protocol (ICMP) share same queue (Q6); Q6 has 400 PPS of bandwidth by default. The desired rate of ICMP is 100 PPS and the remaining 300 PPS is assigned to BGP. If ICMP packets come at 400 PPS, BGP packets may be dropped though ICMP packets are rate-limited to 100 PPS.
CoPP policies are assigned on a per-protocol or a per-queue basis, and are assigned in CONTROLPLANE mode to each port-pipe. CoPP policies are configured by creating extended ACL rules and specifying rate-limits through QoS policies. The ACLs and QoS policies are assigned as service-policies. Configuring CoPP for Protocols This section lists the commands necessary to create and enable the service-policies for CoPP.
service-policy rate-limit-protocols Examples of Configuring CoPP for Different Protocols The following example shows creating the IP/IPv6/MAC extended ACL.
Dell(conf-policy-map-in-cpuqos)#class-map class-ipv6 qos-policy rate_limit_200k Dell(conf-policy-map-in-cpuqos)#exit The following example shows creating the control plane service policy. Dell(conf)#control-plane-cpuqos Dell(conf-control-cpuqos)#service-policy rate-limit-protocols egressFP_rate_policy Dell(conf-control-cpuqos)#exit Configuring CoPP for CPU Queues Controlling traffic on the CPU queues does not require ACL rules, but does require QoS policies.
The following example shows creating the control plane service policy. Dell#conf Dell(conf)#control-plane Dell(conf-control-plane)#service-policy rate-limit-cpu-queues cpuq_rate_policy CoPP for OSPFv3 Packets This functionality is supported on the S6000, S4810, S4820T, Z9000, and MXL platforms. You can create an IPv6 ACL for control-plane traffic policing for OSPFv3, in addition to the CoPP support for VRRP, BGP, and ICMP.
streams which is acceptable but the well-known protocol streams must not be mixed with the data streams on queues 0 – 3 in back-plane ports. Increased CPU Queues for CoPP FTOS classifies every packet ingress from the front end port to system as control traffic or data traffic by having the pre-defined rules based on protocol type or packets types like ttl, slow path etc. FP is used to classify the traffic to transmit the control traffic to CMIC port.
NDP Packets Neighbor discovery protocol has 4 types of packets NS, NA, RA, RS. These packets need to be taken to CPU for neighbor discovery. • Unicast NDP packets: – Packets hitting the L3 host/route table and discovered as local terminated packets/CPU bound traffic. For CPU bound traffic route entry have CPU action. Below are packets are CPU bound traffic. • * Packets destined to chassis.
CPU Queue Weights Rate (pps) Protocol 4 127 2000 IPC/IRC, VLT Control frames 5 16 300 ARP Request, NS, RS, iSCSI OPT Snooping 6 16 400 ICMP, ARP Reply, NTP, Local terminated L3, NA, RA,ICMPv6 (other Than NDP and MLD) 7 64 400 xSTP, FRRP, LACP, 802.
To configure control-plane policing, perform the following: 1. Create an IPv6 ACL for control-plane traffic policing for ospfv3. CONFIGURATION mode Dell(conf)#ipv6 access-list ospfv3 cpu-qos Dell(conf-ipv6-acl-cpuqos)#permit ospf 2. Create a QoS input policy for the router and assign the policing. CONFIGURATION mode Dell(conf)#qos-policy-input ospfv3_rate cpu-qos Dell(conf-in-qos-policy-cpuqos)#rate-police 1500 16 peak 1500 16 3.
Q7 Dell# 1100 Example of Viewing Queue Mapping To view the queue mapping for each configured protocol, use the show ip protocol-queuemapping command.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 12 DHCP is an application layer protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and other configuration parameters to network end-stations (hosts) based on configuration policies determined by network administrators.
Option Number and Description Subnet Mask Option 1 Specifies the client’s subnet mask. Router Option 3 Specifies the router IP addresses that may serve as the client’s default gateway. Domain Name Server Option 6 Domain Name Option 15 Specifies the domain name servers (DNSs) that are available to the client. Specifies the domain name that clients should use when resolving hostnames via DNS.
Option Number and Description Identifiers a user-defined string used by the Relay Agent to forward DHCP client packets to a specific server. L2 DHCP Snooping Option 82 User Port Stacking Option 230 Specifies IP addresses for DHCP messages received from the client that are to be monitored to build a DHCP snooping database. Set the stacking option variable to provide DHCP server stack-port detail when the DHCP offer is set. End Option 255 Signals the last option in the DHCP packet.
Figure 28. Client and Server Messaging Implementation Information The following describes DHCP implementation. • Dell Networking implements DHCP based on RFC 2131 and RFC 3046. • IP source address validation is a sub-feature of DHCP Snooping; the Dell Networking OS uses access control lists (ACLs) internally to implement this feature and as such, you cannot apply ACLs to an interface which has IP source address validation.
Configure the System to be a DHCP Server Configuring the system to be a DHCP server is supported only on the Z9000 platform. A DHCP server is a network device that has been programmed to provide network configuration parameters to clients upon request. Servers typically serve many clients, making host management much more organized and efficient. The following table lists the key responsibilities of DHCP servers. Table 10.
3. Specify the range of IP addresses from which the DHCP server may assign addresses. DHCP mode network network/prefix-length • network: the subnet address. • prefix-length: specifies the number of bits used for the network portion of the address you specify. The prefix-length range is from 17 to 31. 4. Display the current pool configuration. DHCP mode show config After an IP address is leased to a client, only that client may release the address.
lease {days [hours] [minutes] | infinite} The default is 24 hours. Specifying a Default Gateway The IP address of the default router should be on the same subnet as the client. To specify a default gateway, follow this step. • Specify default gateway(s) for the clients on the subnet, in order of preference.
Creating Manual Binding Entries An address binding is a mapping between the IP address and the media access control (MAC) address of a client. The DHCP server assigns the client an available IP address automatically, and then creates an entry in the binding table. However, the administrator can manually create an entry for a client; manual bindings are useful when you want to guarantee that a particular network device receives a particular IP address.
Configure the System to be a Relay Agent This feature is available on the Z-Series platform. DHCP clients and servers request and offer configuration information via broadcast DHCP messages. Routers do not forward broadcasts, so if there are no DHCP servers on the subnet, the client does not receive a response to its request and therefore cannot access the network.
Figure 29. Configuring a Relay Agent To view the ip helper-address configuration for an interface, use the show ip interface command from EXEC privilege mode. Example of the show ip interface Command R1_E600#show ip int gig 1/3 GigabitEthernet 1/3 is up, line protocol is down Internet address is 10.11.0.1/24 Broadcast address is 10.11.0.255 Address determined by user input IP MTU is 1500 bytes Helper address is 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.
ICMP redirects are not sent ICMP unreachables are not sent Configure the System to be a DHCP Client A DHCP client is a network device that requests an IP address and configuration parameters from a DHCP server. Implement the DHCP client functionality as follows: • The switch can obtain a dynamically assigned IP address from a DHCP server. A start-up configuration is not received. Use bare metal provisioning (BMP) to receive configuration parameters (Dell Networking OS version and a configuration file).
• To reinstall management routes added by the DHCP client that is removed or replaced by the same statically configured management routes, release the DHCP IP address and renew it on the management interface. • Management routes added by the DHCP client have higher precedence over the same statically configured management route. Static routes are not removed from the running configuration if a dynamically acquired management route added by the DHCP client overwrites a static management route.
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) Do not enable the DHCP client on an interface and set the priority to 255 or assign the same DHCP interface IP address to a VRRP virtual group. Doing so guarantees that this router becomes the VRRP group owner. To use the router as the VRRP owner, if you enable a DHCP client on an interface that is added to a VRRP group, assign a priority less than 255 but higher than any other priority assigned in the group.
• track the number of address requests per relay agent. Restricting the number of addresses available per relay agent can harden a server against address exhaustion attacks. • associate client MAC addresses with a relay agent to prevent offering an IP address to a client spoofing the same MAC address on a different relay agent. • assign IP addresses according to the relay agent. This prevents generating DHCP offers in response to requests from an unauthorized relay agent.
Dell Networking OS Behavior: Binding table entries are deleted when a lease expires or when the relay agent encounters a DHCPRELEASE. Line cards maintain a list of snooped VLANs. When the binding table is exhausted, DHCP packets are dropped on snooped VLANs, while these packets are forwarded across non-snooped VLANs. Because DHCP packets are dropped, no new IP address assignments are made. However, DHCPRELEASE and DHCPDECLINE packets are allowed so that the DHCP snooping table can decrease in size.
Example of the show ip dhcp snooping Command View the DHCP snooping statistics with the show ip dhcp snooping command. Dell#show ip dhcp snooping IP IP IP IP DHCP DHCP DHCP DHCP Snooping Snooping Mac Verification Relay Information-option Relay Trust Downstream : : : : Enabled. Disabled. Disabled. Disabled.
receives an ARP message for which a relevant entry already exists in its ARP cache, it overwrites the existing entry with the new information. The lack of authentication in ARP makes it vulnerable to spoofing. ARP spoofing is a technique attackers use to inject false IP-to-MAC mappings into the ARP cache of a network device. It is used to launch manin-the-middle (MITM), and denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, among others.
Configuring Dynamic ARP Inspection To enable dynamic ARP inspection, use the following commands. 1. Enable DHCP snooping. 2. Validate ARP frames against the DHCP snooping binding table. INTERFACE VLAN mode arp inspection Examples of Viewing the ARP Database and Packets To view entries in the ARP database, use the show arp inspection database command.
Source Address Validation Using the DHCP binding table, Dell Networking OS can perform three types of source address validation (SAV). Table 11. Three Types of Source Address Validation Source Address Validation Description IP Source Address Validation Prevents IP spoofing by forwarding only IP packets that have been validated against the DHCP binding table.
NOTE: Before enabling SAV With VLAN option, allocate at least one FP block to the ipmacacl CAM region. DHCP MAC Source Address Validation DHCP MAC source address validation (SAV) validates a DHCP packet’s source hardware address against the client hardware address field (CHADDR) in the payload. Dell Networking OS ensures that the packet’s source MAC address is checked against the CHADDR field in the DHCP header only for packets from snooped VLANs. • Enable DHCP MAC SAV.
Viewing the Number of SAV Dropped Packets The following output of the show ip dhcp snooping source-address-validation discardcounters command displays the number of SAV dropped packets.
Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) 13 Equal cost multi-path (ECMP) is supported on Dell Networking OS. ECMP for Flow-Based Affinity ECMP for flow-based affinity is available on theZ9000platform. Flow-based affinity includes the following: • Link Bundle Monitoring Configuring the Hash Algorithm TeraScale has one algorithm that is used for link aggregation groups (LAGs), ECMP, and NH-ECMP, and ExaScale can use three different algorithms for each of these features.
CONFIGURATION mode. ipv6 ecmp-deterministic Configuring the Hash Algorithm Seed Deterministic ECMP sorts ECMPs in order even though RTM provides them in a random order. However, the hash algorithm uses as a seed the lower 12 bits of the chassis MAC, which yields a different hash result for every chassis. This behavior means that for a given flow, even though the prefixes are sorted, two unrelated chassis can select different hops.
NOTE: An ecmp-group index is generated automatically for each unique ecmp-group when the user configures multipath routes to the same network. The system can generate a maximum of 512 unique ecmp-groups. The ecmp-group indexes are generated in even numbers (0, 2, 4, 6... 1022) and are for information only. For link bundle monitoring with ECMP, the ecmp-group command is used to enable the link bundle monitoring feature. The ecmp-group with id 2, enabled for link bundle monitoring is user configured.
Creating an ECMP Group Bundle Within each ECMP group, you can specify an interface. If you enable monitoring for the ECMP group, the utilization calculation is performed when the average utilization of the link-bundle (as opposed to a single link within the bundle) exceeds 60%. 1. Create a user-defined ECMP group bundle. CONFIGURATION mode ecmp-group ecmp-group-id The range is from 1 to 64. 2. Add interfaces to the ECMP group bundle.
Dell(conf-ecmp-group-5)#show config ! ecmp-group 5 interface tengigabitethernet 0/2 interface tengigabitethernet 0/3 link-bundle-monitor enable Dell(conf-ecmp-group-5)# Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) 273
14 Enabling FIPS Cryptography This chapter describes how to enable FIPS cryptography requirements on Dell Networking platforms. This feature provides cryptographic algorithms conforming to various FIPS standards published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), a non-regulatory agency of the US Department of Commerce. FIPS mode is also validated for numerous platforms to meet the FIPS-140-2 standard for a software-based cryptographic module.
Enabling FIPS Mode To enable or disable FIPS mode, use the console port. Secure the host attached to the console port against unauthorized access. Any attempts to enable or disable FIPS mode from a virtual terminal session are denied. When you enable FIPS mode, the following actions are taken: • If enabled, the SSH server is disabled. • All open SSH and Telnet sessions, as well as all SCP and FTP file transfers, are closed.
Monitoring FIPS Mode Status To view the status of the current FIPS mode (enabled/disabled), use the following commands. • Use either command to view the status of the current FIPS mode. show fips status show system Examples of the show fips status and show system Commands The following example shows the show fips status command. Dell#show fips status FIPS Mode : Enabled for the system using the show system command. The following example shows the show system command.
• New 1024–bit RSA and RSA1 host key-pairs are created. To disable FIPS mode, use the following command. • To disable FIPS mode from a console port. CONFIGURATION mode no fips mode enable The following Warning message displays: WARNING: Disabling FIPS mode will close all SSH/Telnet connections, restart those servers, and destroy all configured host keys.
Force10 Resilient Ring Protocol (FRRP) 15 FRRP provides fast network convergence to Layer 2 switches interconnected in a ring topology, such as a metropolitan area network (MAN) or large campuses. FRRP is similar to what can be achieved with the spanning tree protocol (STP), though even with optimizations, STP can take up to 50 seconds to converge (depending on the size of network and node of failure) may require 4 to 5 seconds to reconverge.
The Member VLAN is the VLAN used to transmit data as described earlier. The Control VLAN is used to perform the health checks on the ring. The Control VLAN can always pass through all ports in the ring, including the secondary port of the Master node. Ring Status The ring failure notification and the ring status checks provide two ways to ensure the ring remains up and active in the event of a switch or port failure.
Multiple FRRP Rings Up to 255 rings are allowed per system and multiple rings can be run on one system. More than the recommended number of rings may cause interface instability. You can configure multiple rings with a single switch connection; a single ring can have multiple FRRP groups; multiple rings can be connected with a common link. Member VLAN Spanning Two Rings Connected by One Switch A member VLAN can span two rings interconnected by a common switch, in a figure-eight style topology.
Concept Explanation Control VLAN Each ring has a unique Control VLAN through which tagged ring health frames (RHF) are sent. Control VLANs are used only for sending RHF, and cannot be used for any other purpose. Member VLAN Each ring maintains a list of member VLANs. Member VLANs must be consistent across the entire ring. Port Role Each node has two ports for each ring: Primary and Secondary. The Master node Primary port generates RHFs. The Master node Secondary port receives the RHFs.
Concept Explanation There is no periodic transmission of TCRHFs. The TCRHFs are sent on triggered events of ring failure or ring restoration only. Implementing FRRP • FRRP is media and speed independent. • FRRP is a Dell proprietary protocol that does not interoperate with any other vendor. • You must disable the spanning tree protocol (STP) on both the Primary and Secondary interfaces before you can enable FRRP. • All ring ports must be Layer 2 ports.
Configuring the Control VLAN Control and member VLANS are configured normally for Layer 2. Their status as control or member is determined at the FRRP group commands. For more information about configuring VLANS in Layer 2 mode, refer to Layer 2. Be sure to follow these guidelines: • All VLANS must be in Layer 2 mode. • You can only add ring nodes to the VLAN. • A control VLAN can belong to one FRRP group only. • Tag control VLAN ports.
• • • • For a Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword GigabitEthernet then the slot/port information. For a SONET interface, enter the keyword sonet then the slot/port information. For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port information. For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port information. Slot/Port, Range: Slot and Port ID for the interface. Range is entered Slot/Port-Port.
• Slot/Port, range: Slot and Port ID for the interface. The range is entered Slot/Port-Port. • For a 10/100/1000 Ethernet interface, enter the keyword GigabitEthernet then the slot/port information. • For a Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword GigabitEthernet then the slot/port information. • For a SONET interface, enter the keyword sonet then the slot/port information. • For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port information. • 3.
• Enter the desired intervals for Hello-Interval or Dead-Interval times. CONFIG-FRRP mode. timer {hello-interval|dead-interval} milliseconds – Hello-Interval: the range is from 50 to 2000, in increments of 50 (default is 500). – Dead-Interval: the range is from 50 to 6000, in increments of 50 (default is 1500). Clearing the FRRP Counters To clear the FRRP counters, use one of the following commands. • Clear the counters associated with this Ring ID. EXEC PRIVELEGED mode.
Troubleshooting FRRP To troubleshoot FRRP, use the following information. Configuration Checks • Each Control Ring must use a unique VLAN ID. • Only two interfaces on a switch can be Members of the same control VLAN. • There can be only one Master node for any FRRP group. • You can configure FRRP on Layer 2 interfaces only. • Spanning Tree (if you enable it globally) must be disabled on both Primary and Secondary interfaces when you enable FRRP.
no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface Vlan 101 no ip address tagged GigabitEthernet 2/14,31 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 201 no ip address tagged GigabitEthernet 2/14,31 no shutdown ! protocol frrp 101 interface primary GigabitEthernet 2/14 secondary GigabitEthernet 2/31 controlvlan 101 member-vlan 201 mode transit no disable Example of R3 TRANSIT interface GigabitEthernet 3/14 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 3/21 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface
16 GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) GARP VLAN registration protocol (GVRP) is supported on Dell Networking OS. Typical virtual local area network (VLAN) implementation involves manually configuring each Layer 2 switch that participates in a given VLAN. GVRP, defined by the IEEE 802.1q specification, is a Layer 2 network protocol that provides for automatic VLAN configuration of switches. GVRP-compliant switches use GARP to register and de-register attribute values, such as VLAN IDs, with each other.
Configure GVRP To begin, enable GVRP. To facilitate GVRP communications, enable GVRP globally on each switch. Then, GVRP configuration is per interface on a switch-by-switch basis. Enable GVRP on each port that connects to a switch where you want GVRP information exchanged. In the following example, that type of port is referred to as a VLAN trunk port, but it is not necessary to specifically identify to the Dell Networking OS that the port is a trunk port. Figure 30.
• Configure a GARP Timer Enabling GVRP Globally To configure GVRP globally, use the following command. • Enable GVRP for the entire switch. CONFIGURATION mode gvrp enable Example of Configuring GVRP Dell(conf)#protocol gvrp Dell(config-gvrp)#no disable Dell(config-gvrp)#show config ! protocol gvrp no disable Dell(config-gvrp)# To inspect the global configuration, use the show gvrp brief command. Enabling GVRP on a Layer 2 Interface To enable GVRP on a Layer 2 interface, use the following command.
not be unconfigured when it receives a Leave PDU. Therefore, the registration mode on that interface is FIXED. • Forbidden Mode — Disables the port to dynamically register VLANs and to propagate VLAN information except information about VLAN 1. A port with forbidden registration type thus allows only VLAN 1 to pass through even though the PDU carries information for more VLANs.
LeaveAll Timer Dell(conf)# 5000 Dell Networking OS displays this message if an attempt is made to configure an invalid GARP timer: Dell(conf)#garp timers join 300 % Error: Leave timer should be >= 3*Join timer.
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) 17 Internet group management protocol (IGMP) is supported on Dell Networking OS. Multicast is premised on identifying many hosts by a single destination IP address; hosts represented by the same IP address are a multicast group. IGMP is a Layer 3 multicast protocol that hosts use to join or leave a multicast group.
Figure 31. IGMP Messages in IP Packets Join a Multicast Group There are two ways that a host may join a multicast group: it may respond to a general query from its querier or it may send an unsolicited report to its querier. Responding to an IGMP Query The following describes how a host can join a multicast group. 1. One router on a subnet is elected as the querier. The querier periodically multicasts (to all-multicastsystems address 224.0.0.1) a general query to all hosts on the subnet. 2.
response, the querier removes the group from the list associated with forwarding port and stops forwarding traffic for that group to the subnet. IGMP Version 3 Conceptually, IGMP version 3 behaves the same as version 2. However, there are differences. • Version 3 adds the ability to filter by multicast source, which helps multicast routing protocols avoid forwarding traffic to subnets where there are no interested receivers.
Figure 33. IGMP Version 3–Capable Multicast Routers Address Structure Joining and Filtering Groups and Sources The following illustration shows how multicast routers maintain the group and source information from unsolicited reports. 1. The first unsolicited report from the host indicates that it wants to receive traffic for group 224.1.1.1. 2. The host’s second report indicates that it is only interested in traffic from group 224.1.1.1, source 10.11.1.1.
Figure 34. Membership Reports: Joining and Filtering Leaving and Staying in Groups The following illustration shows how multicast routers track and refresh state changes in response to group-and-specific and general queries. 1. Host 1 sends a message indicating it is leaving group 224.1.1.1 and that the included filter for 10.11.1.1 and 10.11.1.2 are no longer necessary. 2.
Figure 35. Membership Queries: Leaving and Staying Configure IGMP Configuring IGMP is a two-step process. 1. Enable multicast routing using the ip multicast-routing command. 2. Enable a multicast routing protocol.
• Fast Convergence after MSTP Topology Changes • Designating a Multicast Router Interface Viewing IGMP Enabled Interfaces Interfaces that are enabled with PIM-SM are automatically enabled with IGMP. To view IGMP-enabled interfaces, use the following command. • View IGMP-enabled interfaces. EXEC Privilege mode show ip igmp interface Example of the show ip igmp interface Command Dell#show ip igmp interface gig 7/16 GigabitEthernet 7/16 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 10.87.3.
IGMP version is 3 Dell(conf-if-gi-1/13)# Viewing IGMP Groups To view both learned and statically configured IGMP groups, use the following command. • View both learned and statically configured IGMP groups. EXEC Privilege mode show ip igmp groups Example of the show ip igmp groups Command Dell(conf-if-gi-1/0)#do sho ip igmp groups Total Number of Groups: 2 IGMP Connected Group Membership Group Address Interface Uptime 224.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet 1/0 00:00:03 224.1.2.
INTERFACE mode • ip igmp query-interval Adjust the maximum response time. INTERFACE mode • ip igmp query-max-resp-time Adjust the last member query interval. INTERFACE mode ip igmp last-member-query-interval Adjusting the IGMP Querier Timeout Value If there is more than one multicast router on a subnet, only one is elected to be the querier, which is the router that sends queries to the subnet. 1. Routers send queries to the all multicast systems address, 224.0.0.1.
Enabling IGMP Immediate-Leave If the querier does not receive a response to a group-specific or group-and-source query, it sends another (querier robustness value). Then, after no response, it removes the group from the outgoing interface for the subnet. IGMP immediate leave reduces leave latency by enabling a router to immediately delete the group membership on an interface after receiving a Leave message (it does not send any group-specific or group-and-source queries before deleting the entry).
• View the configuration. CONFIGURATION mode • show running-config Disable snooping on a VLAN.
• Configure the switch to only forward unregistered packets to ports on a VLAN that are connected to mrouter ports. CONFIGURATION mode no ip igmp snooping flood Specifying a Port as Connected to a Multicast Router To statically specify or view a port in a VLAN, use the following commands. • Statically specify a port in a VLAN as connected to a multicast router. INTERFACE VLAN mode • ip igmp snooping mrouter View the ports that are connected to multicast routers. EXEC Privilege mode.
ip igmp snooping last-member-query-interval Fast Convergence after MSTP Topology Changes The following describes the fast convergence feature. When a port transitions to the Forwarding state as a result of an STP or MSTP topology change, Dell Networking OS sends a general query out of all ports except the multicast router ports. The host sends a response to the general query and the forwarding database is updated without having to wait for the query interval to expire.
routes. If SSH is specified as a management application, SSH links to and from an unknown destination uses the management default route. Protocol Separation When you configure the application application-type command to configure a set of management applications with TCP/UDP port numbers to the OS, the following table describes the association between applications and their port numbers. Table 12.
can configure two default routes, one configured on the management port and the other on the frontend port. Two tables, namely, Egress Interface Selection routing table and default routing table, are maintained. In the preceding table, the columns Client and Server indicate that the applications can act as both a client and a server within the switch. The Management Egress Interface Selection table contains all management routes (connected, static and default route).
When the feature is disabled using the no management egress-interface-selection command, the following operations are performed: • All management application configuration is removed. • All routes installed in the management EIS routing table are removed. Handling of Management Route Configuration When the EIS feature is enabled, the following processing occurs: • All existing management routes (connected, static and default) are duplicated and added to the management EIS routing table.
the show management application pkt-drop-cntr command. This counter is cleared using clear management application pkt-drop-cntr command. • Packets whose destination TCP/UDP port does not match a configured management application, take the regular route lookup flow in the IP stack. • In the ARP layer, for all ARP packets received through the management interface, a double route lookup is done, one in the default routing table and another in the management EIS routing table.
traffic for such end-user-originated sessions destined to management port ip1 is handled using the EIS route lookup. Handling of Transit Traffic (Traffic Separation) This is forwarded traffic where destination IP is not an IP address configured in the switch. • Packets received on the management port with destination on the front-end port is dropped. • Packets received on the front-end port with destination on the management port is dropped. • A separate drop counter is incremented for this case.
This phenomenon occurs where traffic is transiting the switch. Traffic has not originated from the switch and is not terminating on the switch. • Drop the packets that are received on the front-end data port with destination on the management port. • Drop the packets that received on the management port with destination as the front-end data port. Switch-Destined Traffic This phenomenon occurs where traffic is terminated on the switch.
Protocol Behavior when EIS is Enabled Behavior when EIS is Disabled dns EIS Behavior Default Behavior ftp EIS Behavior Default Behavior ntp EIS Behavior Default Behavior radius EIS Behavior Default Behavior Sflow-collector Default Behavior Snmp (SNMP Mib response and SNMP Traps) EIS Behavior Default Behavior ssh EIS Behavior Default Behavior syslog EIS Behavior Default Behavior tacacs EIS Behavior Default Behavior telnet EIS Behavior Default Behavior tftp EIS Behavior Defau
Default Behavior: Route lookup is done in the default routing table and appropriate egress port is selected.
Designating a Multicast Router Interface To designate an interface as a multicast router interface, use the following command. Dell Networking OS also has the capability of listening in on the incoming IGMP general queries and designate those interfaces as the multicast router interface when the frames have a non-zero IP source address. All IGMP control packets and IP multicast data traffic originating from receivers is forwarded to multicast router interfaces.
Interfaces 18 This chapter describes interface types, both physical and logical, and how to configure them with Dell Networking Operating System (OS). • 10 Gigabit Ethernet / 40 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces are supported on the Z9000 platform.
Interface Types The following table describes different interface types.
Hardware is Force10Eth, address is 00:01:e8:05:f3:6a Current address is 00:01:e8:05:f3:6a Pluggable media present, XFP type is 10GBASE-LR. Medium is MultiRate, Wavelength is 1310nm XFP receive power reading is -3.7685 Interface index is 67436603 Internet address is 65.113.24.
interface GigabitEthernet 9/7 no ip address shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 9/8 no ip address shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 9/9 no ip address shutdown Enabling a Physical Interface After determining the type of physical interfaces available, to enable and configure the interfaces, enter INTERFACE mode by using the interface interface slot/port command. 1. Enter the keyword interface then the type of interface and slot/port information.
Configuration Task List for Physical Interfaces By default, all interfaces are operationally disabled and traffic does not pass through them.
Example of a Basic Layer 2 Interface Configuration Dell(conf-if)#show config ! interface Port-channel 1 no ip address switchport no shutdown Dell(conf-if)# Configuring Layer 2 (Interface) Mode To configure an interface in Layer 2 mode, use the following commands. • Enable the interface. INTERFACE mode • no shutdown Place the interface in Layer 2 (switching) mode. INTERFACE mode switchport For information about enabling and configuring the Spanning Tree Protocol, refer to Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).
no ip address switchport no shutdown Dell(conf-if)#ip address 10.10.1.1 /24 % Error: Port is in Layer 2 mode Gi 1/2. Dell(conf-if)# To determine the configuration of an interface, use the show config command in INTERFACE mode or the various show interface commands in EXEC mode. Configuring Layer 3 (Interface) Mode To assign an IP address, use the following commands. • Enable the interface. INTERFACE mode • no shutdown Configure a primary IP address and mask on the interface.
attacks on front-end ports. The following protocols support EIS: DNS, FTP, NTP, RADIUS, sFlow, SNMP, SSH, Syslog, TACACS, Telnet, and TFTP. This feature does not support sFlow on stacked units. When you enable this feature, all management routes (connected, static, and default) are copied to the management EIS routing table. Use the management route command to add new management routes to the default and EIS routing tables. Use the show ip management-eis-route command to view the EIS routes.
• Enter the slot and the port (0) to configure a Management interface. CONFIGURATION mode interface managementethernet interface • The slot range is 0. Configure an IP address and mask on a Management interface. INTERFACE mode ip address ip-address mask – ip-address mask: enter an address in dotted-decimal format (A.B.C.D). The mask must be in / prefix format (/x). Configuring Management Interfaces on the S-Series You can manage the S-Series from any port.
Gateway of last resort is 10.11.131.254 to network 0.0.0.0 Destination ----------*S 0.0.0.0/0 C 10.11.130.0/23 Dell# Gateway Dist/Metric Last Change ----------------- ----------via 10.11.131.254, Gi 0/48 1/0 1d2h Direct, Gi 0/48 0/0 1d2h VLAN Interfaces VLANs are logical interfaces and are, by default, in Layer 2 mode. Physical interfaces and port channels can be members of VLANs. For more information about VLANs and Layer 2, refer to Layer 2 and Virtual LANs (VLANs).
Loopback Interfaces A Loopback interface is a virtual interface in which the software emulates an interface. Packets routed to it are processed locally. Because this interface is not a physical interface, you can configure routing protocols on this interface to provide protocol stability. You can place Loopback interfaces in default Layer 3 mode. To configure, view, or delete a Loopback interface, use the following commands. • Enter a number as the Loopback interface.
Port Channel Definition and Standards Link aggregation is defined by IEEE 802.3ad as a method of grouping multiple physical interfaces into a single logical interface—a link aggregation group (LAG) or port channel. A LAG is “a group of links that appear to a MAC client as if they were a single link” according to IEEE 802.3ad. In Dell Networking OS, a LAG is referred to as a port channel interface. A port channel provides redundancy by aggregating physical interfaces into one logical interface.
at 1000 Mbps are kept up, and all 10/100/1000 interfaces that are not set to 1000 speed or auto negotiate are disabled. Dell Networking OS brings up 10/100/1000 interfaces that are set to auto negotiate so that their speed is identical to the speed of the first channel member in the port channel. 10/100/1000 Mbps Interfaces in Port Channels When both 10/100/1000 interfaces and GigE interfaces are added to a port channel, the interfaces must share a common speed.
Creating a Port Channel You can create up to 128 port channels with eight port members per group on the Z9000 . To configure a port channel, use the following commands. 1. Create a port channel. CONFIGURATION mode interface port-channel id-number 2. Ensure that the port channel is active. INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode no shutdown After you enable the port channel, you can place it in Layer 2 or Layer 3 mode.
INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode channel-member interface The interface variable is the physical interface type and slot/port information. 2. Double check that the interface was added to the port channel. INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode show config Examples of the show interfaces port-channel Commands To view the port channel’s status and channel members in a tabular format, use the show interfaces port-channel brief command in EXEC Privilege mode, as shown in the following example.
sends protocol data units (PDUs). An asterisk in the show interfaces port-channel brief command indicates the primary port. As soon as a physical interface is added to a port channel, the properties of the port channel determine the properties of the physical interface. The configuration and status of the port channel are also applied to the physical interfaces within the port channel.
Dell(conf-if-po-3)#sho conf ! interface Port-channel 3 no ip address channel-member TenGigabitEthernet 0/8 shutdown Dell(conf-if-po-3)# Configuring the Minimum Oper Up Links in a Port Channel You can configure the minimum links in a port channel (LAG) that must be in “oper up” status to consider the port channel to be in “oper up” status. To set the “oper up” status of your links, use the following command. • Enter the number of links in a LAG that must be in “oper up” status.
VLT tagged Name: TenGigabitEthernet 0/1 802.1QTagged: True Vlan membership: Q Vlans T 2-5,100,4010 Dell# Assigning an IP Address to a Port Channel You can assign an IP address to a port channel and use port channels in Layer 3 routing protocols. To assign an IP address, use the following command. • Configure an IP address and mask on the interface. INTERFACE mode ip address ip-address mask [secondary] – ip-address mask: enter an address in dotted-decimal format (A.B.C.D).
NOTE: Hash-based load-balancing on multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) does not work when you enable packet-based hashing (load-balance ip-selection packet-based). Load-Balancing Method For LAG hashing on the source IP, destination IP, source transmission control protocol (TCP)/user datagram protocol (UDP) port, and destination TCP/UDP port are used for hash computation by default. For packets without a Layer 3 header, Dell Networking OS automatically uses load-balance mac source-dest-mac.
hash-algorithm | [ecmp{crc16|crc16cc|crc32LSB|crc32MSB|crc-upper|dest-ip |lsb |xor1| xor2| xor4| xor8| xor16}|lag{crc16|crc16cc|crc32LSB|crc32MSB|xor1| xor2|xor4|xor8|xor16}| seed ] • For more information about algorithm choices, refer to the command details in the IP Routing chapter of the Dell Networking OS Command Reference Guide. Change the Hash algorithm seed value to get better hash value Hash seed is used to compute the hash value. By default hash seed is chassis MAC 32 bits.
Bulk Configuration Bulk configuration allows you to determine if interfaces are present for physical interfaces or configured for logical interfaces. Interface Range An interface range is a set of interfaces to which other commands may be applied and may be created if there is at least one valid interface within the range. Bulk configuration excludes from configuration any non-existing interfaces from an interface range.
Create a Multiple-Range The following is an example of multiple range. Example of the interface range Command (Multiple Ranges) Dell(conf)#interface range tengigabitethernet 0/5 - 10 , tengigabitethernet 0/1 , vlan 1 Dell(conf-if-range-te-0/5-10,te-0/1,vl-1)# Exclude Duplicate Entries The following is an example showing how duplicate entries are omitted from the interface-range prompt.
Add Ranges The following example shows how to use commas to add VLAN and port-channel interfaces to the range. Example of Adding VLAN and Port-Channel Interface Ranges Dell(config-if-range-te-1/1-2)# interface range Vlan 2 – 100 , Port 1 – 25 Dell(config-if-range-te-1/1-2-so-5/1-vl-2-100-po-1-25)# no shutdown Defining Interface Range Macros You can define an interface-range macro to automatically select a range of interfaces for configuration.
Monitoring and Maintaining Interfaces Monitor interface statistics with the monitor interface command. This command displays an ongoing list of the interface status (up/down), number of packets, traffic statistics, and so on. To view the interface’s statistics, use the following command. • View the interface’s statistics.
Output throttles: m l T q - 0 Change mode Page up Increase refresh interval Quit 0 pps 0 c - Clear screen a - Page down t - Decrease refresh interval q Dell# Maintenance Using TDR The time domain reflectometer (TDR) is supported on all Dell Networking switch/routers. TDR is an assistance tool to resolve link issues that helps detect obvious open or short conditions within any of the four copper pairs. TDR sends a signal onto the physical cable and examines the reflection of the signal that returns.
NOTE: When you split a 40G port (such as fo 0/4) into four 10G ports, the 40G interface configuration is available in the startup configuration when you save the running configuration by using the write memory command. When a reload of the system occurs, the 40G interface configuration is not applicable because the 40G ports are split into four 10G ports after the reload operation. While the reload is in progress, you might see error messages when the configuration file is being loaded.
After you insert an SFP or SFP+ cable into a QSA connected to a 40 Gigabit port, Dell Networking OS assumes that all the four fanned-out 10 Gigabit ports have plugged-in SFP or SFP+ optical cables. However, the link UP event happens only for the first 10 Gigabit port and you can use only that port for data transfer. As a result, only the first fanned-out port is identified as the active 10 Gigabit port with a speed of 10G or 1G depending on whether you insert an SFP+ or SFP cable respectively.
• QSFP port 4 is connected to a QSA with SFP optical cables plugged in. • QSFP port 8 in fanned-out mode is plugged in with QSFP optical cables. • QSFP port 12 in 40 G mode is plugged in with QSFP optical cables.
……………… SFP 0 Diagnostic Information =================================== SFP 0 Rx Power measurement type =================================== SFP 0 Temp High Alarm threshold SFP 0 Voltage High Alarm threshold SFP 0 Bias High Alarm threshold = OMA = 0.000C = 0.000V = 0.000mA NOTE: In the following show interfaces tengigbitethernet transceiver commands, the ports 5,6, and 7 are inactive and no physical SFP or SFP+ connection actually exists on these ports.
QSFP 0 Serial ID Base Fields QSFP 0 Id = 0x0d QSFP 0 Ext Id = 0x00 QSFP 0 Connector = 0x23 QSFP 0 Transceiver Code = 0x08 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 QSFP 0 Encoding = 0x00 ……………… ……………… QSFP 0 Diagnostic Information =================================== QSFP 0 Rx Power measurement type = OMA =================================== QSFP 0 Temp High Alarm threshold = 0.000C QSFP 0 Voltage High Alarm threshold = 0.000V QSFP 0 Bias High Alarm threshold = 0.
Hardware is DellEth, address is 90:b1:1c:f4:9a:fa Current address is 90:b1:1c:f4:9a:fa Pluggable media present, SFP type is 1GBASE …………………… LineSpeed 1000 Mbit Dell#show interfaces tengigabitethernet 0/6 gigabitethernet 0/0 is up, line protocol is down Hardware is DellEth, address is 90:b1:1c:f4:9a:fa Current address is 90:b1:1c:f4:9a:fa Pluggable media present, SFP type is 1GBASE …………………… LineSpeed 1000 Mbit Dell#show interfaces tengigabitethernet 0/7 gigabitethernet 0/0 is up, line protocol is down Hardwa
converging. Flapping; therefore, puts the status of entire network at risk of transient loops and black holes. Link dampening minimizes the risk created by flapping by imposing a penalty for each interface flap and decaying the penalty exponentially. After the penalty exceeds a certain threshold, the interface is put in an Error-Disabled state and for all practical purposes of routing, the interface is deemed to be “down.
suppressed. Following interfaces are currently suppressed: Gi 0/2 Gi 3/1 Gi 4/2 Dell# Clearing Dampening Counters To clear dampening counters and accumulated penalties, use the following command. • Clear dampening counters.
member link. Links are monitored in 15-second intervals for three consecutive instances. Any deviation within that time sends Syslog and an alarm event generates. When the deviation clears, another Syslog sends and a clear alarm event generates. The link bundle utilization is calculated as the total bandwidth of all links divided by the total bytes-persecond of all links.
Changes in the flow-control values may not be reflected automatically in show interface output. To display the change, apply the new flow-control setting, shutdown the interface using the shutdown command, enable the interface using the no shutdown command, and use the show interface command to verify the changes. Enabling Pause Frames Enable Ethernet pause frames flow control on all ports on a chassis or a line card. If not, the system may exhibit unpredictable behavior.
Table 14. Layer 2 Overhead Layer 2 Overhead Difference Between Link MTU and IP MTU Ethernet (untagged) 18 bytes VLAN Tag 22 bytes Untagged Packet with VLAN-Stack Header 22 bytes Tagged Packet with VLAN-Stack Header 26 bytes Link MTU and IP MTU considerations for port channels and VLANs are as follows. Port Channels: • All members must have the same link MTU value and the same IP MTU value.
The local interface and the directly connected remote interface must have the same setting, and autonegotiation is the easiest way to accomplish that, as long as the remote interface is capable of autonegotiation. NOTE: As a best practice, Dell Networking recommends keeping auto-negotiation enabled. Only disable auto-negotiation on switch ports that attach to devices not capable of supporting negotiation or where connectivity issues arise from interoperability issues.
Example of the show interfaces status Command to View Link Status NOTE: The show interfaces status command displays link status, but not administrative status. For both link and administrative status, use the show ip interface [interface | brief | linecard slot-number] [configuration] command.
forced-slave Force port to slave mode Dell(conf-if-te-0/1)# For details about the speed, duplex, and negotiation auto commands, refer to the Interfaces chapter of the Dell Networking OS Command Reference Guide. Adjusting the Keepalive Timer To change the time interval between keepalive messages on the interfaces, use the keepalive command. The interface sends keepalive messages to itself to test network connectivity on the interface.
Name: TenGigabitEthernet 13/2 802.1QTagged: True Vlan membership: Vlan 2 Name: TenGigabitEthernet 13/3 802.1QTagged: True Vlan membership: Vlan 2 --More-- Configuring the Interface Sampling Size Although you can enter any value between 30 and 299 seconds (the default), software polling is done once every 15 seconds. So, for example, if you enter “19”, you actually get a sample of the past 15 seconds. All LAG members inherit the rate interval configuration from the LAG.
Dell#show interfaces TenGigabitEthernet 10/0 is down, line protocol is down Hardware is Force10Eth, address is 00:01:e8:01:9e:d9 Internet address is not set MTU 1554 bytes, IP MTU 1500 bytes LineSpeed 10000 Mbit ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last clearing of "show interface" counters 1d23h45m Queueing strategy: fifo 0 packets input, 0 bytes Input 0 IP Packets, 0 Vlans 0 MPLS 0 64-byte pkts, 0 over 64-byte pkts, 0 over 127-byte pkts 0 over 255-byte pkts, 0 over 511-byte pkts, 0 over 1023-byte pkts Rec
EXEC Privilege mode clear counters [interface] [vrrp [vrid] | learning-limit] (OPTIONAL) Enter the following interface keywords and slot/port or number information: – For a 1-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword GigabitEthernet then the slot/port information. – For a Loopback interface, enter the keyword loopback then a number from 0 to 16383. – For a Port Channel interface, enter the keywords port-channel then a number.
Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) 19 Internet protocol security (IPSec) is available on Dell Networking OS. IPSec is an end-to-end security scheme for protecting IP communications by authenticating and encrypting all packets in a communication session. Use IPSec between hosts, between gateways, or between hosts and gateways. IPSec is compatible with Telnet and FTP protocols. It supports two operational modes: Transport and Tunnel.
Configuring IPSec The following sample configuration shows how to configure FTP and telnet for IPSec. 1. Define the transform set. CONFIGURATION mode crypto ipsec transform-set myXform-seta esp-authentication md5 espencryption des 2. Define the crypto policy.
IPv4 Routing 20 IPv4 routing is supported on Dell Networking OS. The Dell Networking Operating System (OS) supports various IP addressing features. This chapter describes the basics of domain name service (DNS), address resolution protocol (ARP), and routing principles and their implementation in the Dell Networking OS.
• • • Assigning IP Addresses to an Interface (mandatory) Configuring Static Routes (optional) Configure Static Routes for the Management Interface (optional) For a complete listing of all commands related to IP addressing, refer to the Dell Networking OS Command Line Interface Reference Guide.
interface GigabitEthernet 0/0 ip address 10.11.1.1/24 no shutdown ! Dell(conf-if)# Dell(conf-if)#show conf ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/0 ip address 10.11.1.1/24 no shutdown ! Dell(conf-if)# Configuring Static Routes A static route is an IP address that you manually configure and that the routing protocol does not learn, such as open shortest path first (OSPF). Often, static routes are used as backup routes in case other dynamically learned routes are unreachable.
S 6.1.2.7/32 S 6.1.2.8/32 S 6.1.2.9/32 S 6.1.2.10/32 S 6.1.2.11/32 S 6.1.2.12/32 S 6.1.2.13/32 S 6.1.2.14/32 S 6.1.2.15/32 S 6.1.2.16/32 S 6.1.2.17/32 S 11.1.1.0/24 Direct, Lo 0 --More-- via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.
S S S S S S S S S S 6.1.2.9/32 6.1.2.10/32 6.1.2.11/32 6.1.2.12/32 6.1.2.13/32 6.1.2.14/32 6.1.2.15/32 6.1.2.16/32 6.1.2.17/32 11.1.1.0/24 --More-- via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.2, via 6.1.20.
Using the Configured Source IP Address in ICMP Messages This feature is supported on the Z9000 platform. ICMP error or unreachable messages are now sent with the configured IP address of the source interface instead of the front-end port IP address as the source IP address. Enable the generation of ICMP unreachable messages through the ip unreachable command in Interface mode.
CONFIGURATION mode Dell(conf)#ip tcp reduced-syn-ack-wait <9-75> You can use the no ip tcp reduced-syn-ack-wait command to restore the default behavior, which causes the wait period to be set as 8 seconds. 2. View the interval that you configured for the device to wait before the TCP connection is attempted to be established. EXEC mode Dell>show ip tcp reduced-syn-ack-wait Enabling Directed Broadcast By default, Dell Networking OS drops directed broadcast packets destined for an interface.
The order you entered the servers determines the order of their use. Example of the show hosts Command To view current bindings, use the show hosts command. Dell>show host Default domain is force10networks.com Name/address lookup uses domain service Name servers are not set Host Flags TTL Type Address -------- ----- ------- ------ks (perm, OK) - IP 2.2.2.2 patch1 (perm, OK) - IP 192.68.69.2 tomm-3 (perm, OK) - IP 192.68.99.2 gxr (perm, OK) - IP 192.71.18.2 f00-3 (perm, OK) - IP 192.71.23.
• Specify up to six name servers. CONFIGURATION mode ip name-server ip-address [ip-address2 ... ip-address6] • The order you entered the servers determines the order of their use. When you enter the traceroute command without specifying an IP address (Extended Traceroute), you are prompted for a target and source IP address, timeout in seconds (default is 5), a probe count (default is 3), minimum TTL (default is 1), maximum TTL (default is 30), and port number (default is 33434).
For more information about Proxy ARP, refer to RFC 925, Multi-LAN Address Resolution, and RFC 1027, Using ARP to Implement Transparent Subnet Gateways. Configuration Tasks for ARP For a complete listing of all ARP-related commands, refer to the Dell Networking OS Command Line Reference Guide.
• Re-enable Proxy ARP. INTERFACE mode ip proxy-arp To view if Proxy ARP is enabled on the interface, use the show config command in INTERFACE mode. If it is not listed in the show config command output, it is enabled. Only non-default information is displayed in the show config command output. Clearing ARP Cache To clear the ARP cache of dynamically learnt ARP information, use the following command.
In Dell Networking OS versions prior to 8.3.1.0, if a gratuitous ARP is received some time after an ARP request is sent, only RP2 installs the ARP information. For example: 1. At time t=0 Dell Networking OS sends an ARP request for IP A.B.C.D 2. At time t=1 Dell Networking OS receives an ARP request for IP A.B.C.D 3. At time t=2 Dell Networking OS installs an ARP entry for A.B.C.D only on RP2. Beginning with Dell Networking OS version 8.3.1.
Figure 37. ARP Learning via ARP Request with ARP Learning via Gratuitous ARP Enabled Whether you enable or disable ARP learning via gratuitous ARP, the system does not look up the target IP. It only updates the ARP entry for the Layer 3 interface with the source IP of the request. Configuring ARP Retries In Dell Networking OS versions prior to 8.3.1.0, the number of ARP retries is set to five and is not configurable.
ICMP For diagnostics, the internet control message protocol (ICMP) provides routing information to end stations by choosing the best route (ICMP redirect messages) or determining if a router is reachable (ICMP Echo or Echo Reply). ICMP error messages inform the router of problems in a particular packet. These messages are sent only on unicast traffic. Configuration Tasks for ICMP The following lists the configuration tasks for ICMP.
2. Configure a broadcast address on interfaces that will receive UDP broadcast traffic. Refer to Configuring a Broadcast Address. Important Points to Remember • The existing ip directed broadcast command is rendered meaningless if you enable UDP helper on the same interface. • The broadcast traffic rate should not exceed 200 packets per second when you enable UDP helper. • You may specify a maximum of 16 UDP ports.
untagged GigabitEthernet 1/2 no shutdown To view the configured broadcast address for an interface, use show interfaces command. R1_E600(conf)#do show interfaces vlan 100 Vlan 100 is up, line protocol is down Address is 00:01:e8:0d:b9:7a, Current address is 00:01:e8:0d:b9:7a Interface index is 1107787876 Internet address is 1.1.0.1/24 IP UDP-Broadcast address is 1.1.255.
Figure 38. UDP Helper with Broadcast-All Addresses UDP Helper with Subnet Broadcast Addresses When the destination IP address of an incoming packet matches the subnet broadcast address of any interface, the system changes the address to the configured broadcast address and sends it to matching interface. In the following illustration, Packet 1 has the destination IP address 1.1.1.255, which matches the subnet broadcast address of VLAN 101.
UDP Helper with Configured Broadcast Addresses Incoming packets with a destination IP address matching the configured broadcast address of any interface are forwarded to the matching interfaces. In the following illustration, Packet 1 has a destination IP address that matches the configured broadcast address of VLAN 100 and 101. If you enabled UDP helper and the UDP port number matches, the packet is flooded on both VLANs with an unchanged destination address. Packet 2 is sent from a host on VLAN 101.
When using the IP helper and UDP helper on the same interface, use the debug ip dhcp command. Example Output from the debug ip dhcp Command Packet 0.0.0.0:68 -> 255.255.255.255:67 TTL 128 2005-11-05 11:59:35 %RELAY-I-PACKET, BOOTP REQUEST (Unicast) received at interface 172.21.50.193 BOOTP Request, XID = 0x9265f901, secs = 0 hwaddr = 00:02:2D:8D: 46:DC, giaddr = 0.0.0.0, hops = 2 2005-11-05 11:59:35 %RELAY-I-BOOTREQUEST, Forwarded BOOTREQUEST for 00:02:2D:8D: 46:DC to 137.138.17.
IPv6 Routing 21 Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) routing is supported on Dell Networking OS. NOTE: The IPv6 basic commands are supported on all platforms. However, not all features are supported on all platforms, nor for all releases. To determine the Dell Networking Operating System (OS) version supporting which features and platforms, refer to Implementing IPv6 with Dell Networking OS. IPv6 is the successor to IPv4.
NOTE: As an alternative to stateless autoconfiguration, network hosts can obtain their IPv6 addresses using the dynamic host control protocol (DHCP) servers via stateful auto-configuration. NOTE: Dell Networking OS provides the flexibility to add prefixes on Router Advertisements (RA) to advertise responses to Router Solicitations (RS). By default, RA response messages are sent when an RS message is received. Dell Networking OS manipulation of IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration supports the router side only.
IPv6 Header Fields The 40 bytes of the IPv6 header are ordered, as shown in the following illustration. Figure 41. IPv6 Header Fields Version (4 bits) The Version field always contains the number 6, referring to the packet’s IP version. Traffic Class (8 bits) The Traffic Class field deals with any data that needs special handling. These bits define the packet priority and are defined by the packet Source. Sending and forwarding routers use this field to identify different IPv6 classes and priorities.
The following lists the Next Header field values. Value Description 0 Hop-by-Hop option header 4 IPv4 6 TCP 8 Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) 41 IPv6 43 Routing header 44 Fragmentation header 50 Encrypted Security 51 Authentication header 59 No Next Header 60 Destinations option header NOTE: This table is not a comprehensive list of Next Header field values. For a complete and current listing, refer to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) web page at .
However, if the Destination Address is a Hop-by-Hop options header, the Extension header is examined by every forwarding router along the packet’s route. The Hop-by-Hop options header must immediately follow the IPv6 header, and is noted by the value 0 (zero) in the Next Header field. Extension headers are processed in the order in which they appear in the packet header. Hop-by-Hop Options Header The Hop-by-Hop options header contains information that is examined by every router along the packet’s path.
of double colons is supported in a single address. Any number of consecutive 0000 groups may be reduced to two colons, as long as there is only one double colon used in an address. Leading and/or trailing zeros in a group can also be omitted (as in ::1 for localhost, 1:: for network addresses and :: for unspecified addresses). All the addresses in the following list are all valid and equivalent.
Implementing IPv6 with Dell Networking OS Dell Networking OS supports both IPv4 and IPv6 and both may be used simultaneously in your system. The following table lists the Dell Networking OS version in which an IPv6 feature became available for each platform. The sections following the table give greater detail about the feature. Feature and Functionality Dell Networking OS Release Introduction Documentation and Chapter Location Z9000 Basic IPv6 Commands 8.3.
Feature and Functionality Dell Networking OS Release Introduction Documentation and Chapter Location Z9000 IS-IS for IPv6 8.3.11 Intermediate System to Intermediate System IPv6 IS-IS in the Dell Networking OS Command Line Reference Guide. IS-IS for IPv6 support for 8.3.11 redistribution Intermediate System to Intermediate System IPv6 IS-IS in the Dell Networking OS Command Line Reference Guide. ISIS for IPv6 support for distribute lists and administrative distance 8.3.11 OSPF for IPv6 (OSPFv3) 8.
Feature and Functionality Dell Networking OS Release Introduction Documentation and Chapter Location Z9000 (outbound SSH) Layer 3 only Secure Shell (SSH) server 8.3.11 support over IPv6 (inbound SSH) Layer 3 only Secure Shell (SSH) Over an IPv6 Transport IPv6 Access Control Lists 8.3.11 IPv6 Access Control Lists in the Dell Networking OS Command Line Reference Guide. N/A IPv6 PIM in the Dell Networking OS Command Line Reference Guide.
Figure 42. Path MTU Discovery Process IPv6 Neighbor Discovery IPv6 neighbor discovery protocol (NDP) is supported on the Z9000 platform. NDP is a top-level protocol for neighbor discovery on an IPv6 network. In lieu of address resolution protocol (ARP), NDP uses “Neighbor Solicitation” and “Neighbor Advertisement” ICMPv6 messages for determining relationships between neighboring nodes.
Figure 43. NDP Router Redirect IPv6 Neighbor Discovery of MTU Packets You can set the MTU advertised through the RA packets to incoming routers, without altering the actual MTU setting on the interface. The ipv6 nd mtu command sets the value advertised to routers. It does not set the actual MTU rate. For example, if you set ipv6 nd mtu to 1280, the interface still passes 1500-byte packets, if that is what is set with the mtu command.
The DNS server address does not allow the following: • link local addresses • loopback addresses • prefix addresses • multicast addresses • invalid host addresses If you specify this information in the IPv6 RDNSS configuration, a DNS error is displayed. Example for Configuring an IPv6 Recursive DNS Server The following example configures a RDNNS server with an IPv6 address of 1000::1 and a lifetime of 1 second.
Displaying IPv6 RDNSS Information To display IPv6 interface information, including IPv6 RDNSS information, use the show ipv6 interface command in EXEC or EXEC Privilege mode. Examples of Displaying IPv6 RDNSS Information The following example displays IPv6 RDNSS information. The output in the last 3 lines indicates that the IPv6 RDNSS was correctly configured on interface te 0/1.
Secure Shell (SSH) Over an IPv6 Transport IPv6 secure shell (SSH) is supported on the Z9000 platform. Dell Networking OS supports both inbound and outbound SSH sessions using IPv6 addressing. Inbound SSH supports accessing the system through the management interface as well as through a physical Layer 3 interface. For SSH configuration details, refer to the Security chapter in the Dell Networking OS Command Line Interface Reference Guide.
The total space allocated must equal 13. • The ipv6acl range must be a factor of 2. Show the current CAM settings. EXEC mode or EXEC Privilege mode • show cam-acl Provides information on FP groups allocated for the egress acl. CONFIGURATION mode show cam-acl-egress Allocate at least one group for L2ACL and IPv4 ACL. The total number of groups is 4. Assigning an IPv6 Address to an Interface IPv6 addresses are supported on the Z9000 platform.
– prefix: IPv6 route prefix – type {slot/port}: interface type and slot/port – forwarding router: forwarding router’s address – tag: route tag Enter the keyword interface then the type of interface and slot/port information: – For a 10/100/1000 Ethernet interface, enter the keyword GigabitEthernet then the slot/ port information. – For a Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword GigabitEthernet then the slot/ port information.
• snmp-server group ipv6 • snmp-server group access-list-name ipv6 Showing IPv6 Information All of the following show commands are supported on the Z9000 platform. View specific IPv6 configuration with the following commands. • List the IPv6 show options.
Example of the show ipv6 interface Command () Dell#show ipv6 int man 1/0 ManagementEthernet 1/0 is up, line protocol is up IPV6 is enabled Stateless address autoconfiguration is enabled Link Local address: fe80::201:e8ff:fe8b:386e Global Unicast address(es): Actual address is 400::201:e8ff:fe8b:386e, subnet is 400::/64 Actual address is 412::201:e8ff:fe8b:386e, subnet is 412::/64 Virtual-IP IPv6 address is not set Received Prefix(es): 400::/64 onlink autoconfig Valid lifetime: 2592000, Preferred lifetime: 6
Examples of the show ipv6 route Commands The following example shows the show ipv6 route summary command. Dell#show ipv6 route summary Route Source Active Routes Non-active Routes connected 5 0 static 0 0 Total 5 0 The following example shows the show ipv6 route command.
– For the Management interface on the RPM, enter the keyword ManagementEthernet then the slot/port information. – For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port information. – For a 40-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword fortyGigE then the slot/port information.
Intermediate System to Intermediate System 22 Intermediate system to intermediate system (Is-IS) is supported on Dell Networking OS. • • • • IS-IS is supported on the Z9000 with Dell Networking OS 9.0(0.0). The IS-IS protocol is an interior gateway protocol (IGP) that uses a shortest-path-first algorithm. Dell Networking supports both IPv4 and IPv6 versions of IS-IS. The IS-IS protocol standards are listed in the Standards Compliance chapter.
The NET length is variable, with a maximum of 20 bytes and a minimum of 8 bytes. It is composed of the following: • area address — within your routing domain or area, each area must have a unique area value. The first byte is called the authority and format indicator (AFI). • system address — the router’s MAC address. • N-selector — this is always 0. The following illustration is an example of the ISO-style address to show the address format IS-IS uses. In this example, the first five bytes (47.0005.
Transition Mode All routers in the area or domain must use the same type of IPv6 support, either single-topology or multitopology. A router operating in multi-topology mode does not recognize the ability of the singletopology mode router to support IPv6 traffic, which leads to holes in the IPv6 topology.
A new TLV (the Restart TLV) is introduced in the IIH PDUs, indicating that the router supports graceful restart. Timers Three timers are used to support IS-IS graceful restart functionality. After you enable graceful restart, these timers manage the graceful restart process. There are three times, T1, T2, and T3. • The T1 timer specifies the wait time before unacknowledged restart requests are generated.
• Accepts external IPv6 information and advertises this information in the PDUs. The following table lists the default IS-IS values. Table 15.
Enabling IS-IS By default, IS-IS is not enabled. The system supports one instance of IS-IS. To enable IS-IS globally, create an IS-IS routing process and assign a NET address. To exchange protocol information with neighbors, enable IS-IS on an interface, instead of on a network as with other routing protocols. In IS-IS, neighbors form adjacencies only when they are same IS type. For example, a Level 1 router never forms an adjacency with a Level 2 router.
The IP address must be on the same subnet as other IS-IS neighbors, but the IP address does not need to relate to the NET address. 5. Enter an IPv6 Address. INTERFACE mode ipv6 address ipv6-address mask • • ipv6 address: x:x:x:x::x mask: The prefix length is from 0 to 128. The IPv6 address must be on the same subnet as other IS-IS neighbors, but the IP address does not need to relate to the NET address. 6. Enable IS-IS on the IPv4 interface.
IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: IS-IS: Dell# Level-2 Hellos (sent/rcvd) : 4272/1538 PTP Hellos (sent/rcvd) : 0/0 Level-1 LSPs sourced (new/refresh) : 0/0 Level-2 LSPs sourced (new/refresh) : 0/0 Level-1 LSPs flooded (sent/rcvd) : 32/19 Level-2 LSPs flooded (sent/rcvd) : 32/17 Level-1 LSPs CSNPs (sent/rcvd) : 1538/0 Level-2 LSPs CSNPs (sent/rcvd) : 1534/0 Level-1 LSPs PSNPs (sent/rcvd) : 0/0 Level-2 LSPs PSNPs (sent/rcvd) : 0/0 Level-1
Use this command for IPv6 route computation only when you enable multi-topology. If using singletopology mode, to apply to both IPv4 and IPv6 route computations, use the spf-interval command in CONFIG ROUTER ISIS mode. 4. Implement a wide metric-style globally. ROUTER ISIS AF IPV6 mode isis ipv6 metric metric-value [level-1 | level-2 | level-1-2] To configure wide or wide transition metric style, the cost can be between 0 and 16,777,215.
– level-1, level-2: identifies the database instance type to which the wait interval applies. The range is from 5 to 120 seconds. • The default is 30 seconds. Configure graceful restart timer T3 to set the time used by the restarting router as an overall maximum time to wait for database synchronization to complete.
To view all interfaces configured with IS-IS routing along with the defaults, use the show isis interface command in EXEC Privilege mode. Dell#show isis interface G1/34 GigabitEthernet 2/10 is up, line protocol is up MTU 1497, Encapsulation SAP Routing Protocol: IS-IS Circuit Type: Level-1-2 Interface Index 0x62cc03a, Local circuit ID 1 Level-1 Metric: 10, Priority: 64, Circuit ID: 0000.0000.000B.
max-lsp-lifetime seconds – seconds: the range is from 1 to 65535. The default is 1200 seconds. Example of Viewing IS-IS Configuration (ROUTER ISIS Mode) To view the configuration, use the show config command in ROUTER ISIS mode or the show running-config isis command in EXEC Privilege mode. Dell#show running-config isis ! router isis lsp-refresh-interval 902 net 47.0005.0001.000C.000A.4321.00 net 51.0005.0001.000C.000A.4321.
• Set the metric style for the IS-IS process. ROUTER ISIS mode metric-style {narrow [transition] | transition | wide [transition]} [level-1 | level-2] The default is narrow. The default is Level 1 and Level 2 (level-1–2) To view which metric types are generated and received, use the show isis protocol command in EXEC Privilege mode. The IS-IS matrixes settings are in bold. Example of Viewing IS-IS Metric Types Dell#show isis protocol IS-IS Router: System Id: EEEE.EEEE.
The default level is level-1. For more information about this command, refer to Configuring the IS-IS Metric Style. The following table describes the correct value range for the isis metric command. Metric Sytle Correct Value Range wide 0 to 16777215 narrow 0 to 63 wide transition 0 to 16777215 narrow transition 0 to 63 transition 0 to 63 To view the interface’s current metric, use the show config command in INTERFACE mode or the show isis interface command in EXEC Privilege mode.
Dell#show isis database IS-IS Level-1 Link State Database LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum B233.00-00 0x00000003 0x07BF eljefe.00-00 * 0x00000009 0xF76A eljefe.01-00 * 0x00000001 0x68DF eljefe.02-00 * 0x00000001 0x2E7F Force10.00-00 0x00000002 0xD1A7 IS-IS Level-2 Link State Database LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum B233.00-00 0x00000006 0xC38A eljefe.00-00 * 0x0000000D 0x51C6 eljefe.01-00 * 0x00000001 0x68DF eljefe.02-00 * 0x00000001 0x2E7F Force10.
distribute-list prefix-list-name in [interface] – Enter the type of interface and slot/port information: – For a 1-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword GigabitEthernet then the slot/port information. – For the Loopback interface on the RPM, enter the keyword loopback then a number from 0 to 16383. – For a port channel, enter the keywords port-channel then a number. – For a SONET interface, enter the keyword sonet then the slot/port information.
• – For a VLAN, enter the keyword vlan then a number from 1 to 4094. Apply a configured prefix list to all outgoing IPv6 IS-IS routes. ROUTER ISIS-AF IPV6 mode distribute-list prefix-list-name out [bgp as-number | connected | ospf process-id | rip | static] You can configure one of the optional parameters: – connected: for directly connected routes. – ospf process-id: for OSPF routes only. – rip: for RIP routes only. – static: for user-configured routes. • – bgp: for BGP routes only.
– process-id the range is from 1 to 65535. – level-1, level-1-2, or level-2: assign all redistributed routes to a level. The default is level-2. – metric value the range is from 0 to 16777215. The default is 0. – match external the range is from 1 or 2. – match internal – metric-type: external or internal. – map-name: enter the name of a configured route map. Redistributing IPv6 Routes To add routes from other routing instances or protocols, use the following commands.
Configuring Authentication Passwords You can assign an authentication password for routers in Level 1 and for routers in Level 2. Because Level 1 and Level 2 routers do not communicate with each other, you can assign different passwords for Level 1 routers and for Level 2 routers. However, if you want the routers in the level to communicate with each other, configure them with the same password. To configure a simple text password, use the following commands.
Example of Viewing the Overload Bit Setting When the bit is set, a 1 is placed in the OL column in the show isis database command output. The overload bit is set in both the Level-1 and Level-2 database because the IS type for the router is Level-1-2. Dell#show isis database IS-IS Level-1 Link State Database LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum B233.00-00 0x00000003 0x07BF eljefe.00-00 * 0x0000000A 0xF963 eljefe.01-00 * 0x00000001 0x68DF eljefe.02-00 * 0x00000001 0x2E7F Force10.
• – interface: Enter the type of interface and slot/port information to view IS-IS information on that interface only. View the events that triggered IS-IS shortest path first (SPF) events for debugging purposes. EXEC Privilege mode • debug isis spf-triggers View sent and received LSPs.
Metric Style Correct Value Range for the isis metric Command wide transition 0 to 16777215 narrow transition 0 to 63 transition 0 to 63 Maximum Values in the Routing Table IS-IS metric styles support different cost ranges for the route. The cost range for the narrow metric style is 0 to 1023, while all other metric styles support a range of 0 to 0xFE000000. Change the IS-IS Metric Style in One Level Only By default, the IS-IS metric style is narrow.
Beginning Metric Style Final Metric Style Resulting IS-IS Metric Value transition narrow original value transition narrow original value transition wide transition original value narrow transition wide original value narrow transition narrow original value narrow transition wide transition original value narrow transition transition original value wide transition wide original value wide transition narrow default value (10) if the original value is greater than 63.
Leaks from One Level to Another In the following scenarios, each IS-IS level is configured with a different metric style. Table 19.
NOTE: Whenever you make IS-IS configuration changes, clear the IS-IS process (re-started) using the clear isis command. The clear isis command must include the tag for the ISIS process. The following example shows the response from the router: Dell#clear isis * % ISIS not enabled. Dell#clear isis 9999 * You can configure IPv6 IS-IS routes in one of the following three different methods: • Congruent Topology — You must configure both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses on the interface.
ipv6 address 24:3::1/76 ip router isis ipv6 router isis no shutdown Dell (conf-if-te-3/17)# Dell (conf-router_isis)#show config ! router isis metric-style wide level-1 metric-style wide level-2 net 34.0000.0000.AAAA.00 Dell (conf-router_isis)# Dell (conf-if-te-3/17)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 3/17 ipv6 address 24:3::1/76 ipv6 router isis no shutdown Dell (conf-if-te-3/17)# Dell (conf-router_isis)#show config ! router isis net 34.0000.0000.AAAA.
23 Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) Link aggregation control protocol (LACP) is supported on Dell Networking OS. Introduction to Dynamic LAGs and LACP A link aggregation group (LAG), referred to as a port channel by Dell Networking OS, can provide both load-sharing and port redundancy across line cards. You can enable LAGs as static or dynamic. The benefits and constraints are basically the same, as described in Port Channel Interfaces in the Interfaces chapter.
• There is a difference between the shutdown and no interface port-channel commands: – The shutdown command on LAG “xyz” disables the LAG and retains the user commands. However, the system does not allow the channel number “xyz” to be statically created. – The no interface port-channel channel-number command deletes the specified LAG, including a dynamically created LAG. This command removes all LACP-specific commands on the member interfaces.
• Configure LACP mode. LACP mode [no] port-channel number mode [active | passive | off] – number: cannot statically contain any links. • The default is LACP active. Configure port priority. LACP mode [no] lacp port-priority priority-value The range is from 1 to 65535 (the higher the number, the lower the priority). The default is 32768. LACP Configuration Tasks The following are LACP configuration tasks.
Configuring the LAG Interfaces as Dynamic After creating a LAG, configure the dynamic LAG interfaces. To configure the dynamic LAG interfaces, use the following command. • Configure the dynamic LAG interfaces. CONFIGURATION mode port-channel-protocol lacp Example of the port-channel-protocol lacp Command Dell(conf)#interface Gigabitethernet 3/15 Dell(conf-if-gi-3/15)#no shutdown Dell(conf-if-gi-3/15)#port-channel-protocol lacp Dell(conf-if-gi-3/15-lacp)#port-channel 32 mode active ...
Dell(conf-if-po-32)#switchport Dell(conf-if-po-32)#lacp long-timeout Dell(conf-if-po-32)#end Dell# show lacp 32 Port-channel 32 admin up, oper up, mode lacp Actor System ID: Priority 32768, Address 0001.e800.a12b Partner System ID: Priority 32768, Address 0001.e801.
Figure 46. Shared LAG State Tracking To avoid packet loss, redirect traffic through the next lowest-cost link (R3 to R4). Dell Networking OS has the ability to bring LAG 2 down if LAG 1 fails, so that traffic can be redirected. This redirection is what is meant by shared LAG state tracking. To achieve this functionality, you must group LAG 1 and LAG 2 into a single entity, called a failover group. Configuring Shared LAG State Tracking To configure shared LAG state tracking, you configure a failover group.
As shown in the following illustration, LAGs 1 and 2 are members of a failover group. LAG 1 fails and LAG 2 is brought down after the failure. This effect is logged by Message 1, in which a console message declares both LAGs down at the same time. Figure 47.
• • If a LAG that is part of a failover group is deleted, the failover group is deleted. If a LAG moves to the Down state due to this feature, its members may still be in the Up state. LACP Basic Configuration Example The screenshots in this section are based on the following example topology. Two routers are named ALPHA and BRAVO, and their hostname prompts reflect those names. Figure 48. LACP Basic Configuration Example Configure a LAG on ALPHA The following example creates a LAG on ALPHA.
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:02:11 Queueing strategy: fifo Input statistics: 132 packets, 163668 bytes 0 Vlans 0 64-byte pkts, 12 over 64-byte pkts, 120 over 127-byte pkts 0 over 255-byte pkts, 0 over 511-byte pkts, 0 over 1023-byte pkts 132 Multicasts, 0 Broadcasts 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 CRC, 0 overrun, 0 discarded Output Statistics 136 packets, 16718 bytes, 0 underruns 0 64-byte pkts, 15 over 64-byte pkts, 121 over 127-byte pkts 0 over 255-by
Figure 50.
Figure 51.
interface GigabitEthernet 2/31 no ip address Summary of the LAG Configuration on Bravo Bravo(conf-if-gi-3/21)#int port-channel 10 Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#no ip add Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#switch Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#no shut Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#show config ! interface Port-channel 10 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! Bravo(conf-if-po-10)#exit Bravo(conf)#int gig 3/21 Bravo(conf)#no ip address Bravo(conf)#no switchport Bravo(conf)#shutdown Bravo(conf-if-gi-3/21)#port-channel-protocol lacp Bravo(conf-if-gi-3/2
Figure 52.
Figure 53.
Figure 54. Inspecting the LAG Status Using the show lacp command The point-to-point protocol (PPP) is a connection-oriented protocol that enables layer two links over various different physical layer connections. It is supported on both synchronous and asynchronous lines, and can operate in Half-Duplex or Full-Duplex mode. It was designed to carry IP traffic but is general enough to allow any type of network layer datagram to be sent over a PPP connection.
The Dell Networking OS already contains the functionality to monitor the performance and traffic handling of virtual interfaces created as LAG bundles and ECMP configured on physical user ports. You can now verify the traffic distribution and processing of high-Gigabit Ethernet port channels. Trunk groups for backplane hiGig link bundles between the leaf and spines are created.
Guidelines for Monitoring High-Gigabit Port Channels Keep the following points in mind when you activate and examine the utilization and working-efficiency of backplane high-Gigabit Ethernet port channels as trunk groups: • By default, the capability to monitor the traffic utilization and distribution of high-Gigabit Ethernet trunk groups is disabled. • Each NPU unit in each line card (or control processor card) can contain multiple trunk groups (highGigabit port channels).
Enabling the Verification of Member Links Utilization in a High-Gigabit Port Channel This procedure is supported on the Z9000 platform. To examine the working efficiency of the high-Gigabit Ethernet port channel interfaces, perform the following steps: 1. Use the hg-link-bundle-monitor slot slotId npuUnit npuUnitId hg-port-channel portChannelId enable command in Global Configuration mode to enable this functionality to detect the working efficiency of the high-Gigabit port channel bundle interfaces.
spine NPU units, they range from 1-16. In a Card Type (slot), NPUT units are always indexed starting with the leaf NPU units, and then proceeding to the spine NPU units. In an NPU unit, the port numbering of backplane local ports starts from the end of the last front-end local port ID used. Until Dell Networking OS Release 9.2(0.0), the show commands displayed only the details computed by the buffer statistics tracking counters for the egress queues.
Layer 2 24 Layer 2 features are supported on Dell Networking OS. Manage the MAC Address Table Dell Networking OS provides the following management activities for the MAC address table. • Clearing the MAC Address Table • Setting the Aging Time for Dynamic Entries • Configuring a Static MAC Address • Displaying the MAC Address Table Clearing the MAC Address Table You may clear the MAC address table of dynamic entries. To clear a MAC address table, use the following command.
The range is from 10 to 1000000. Configuring a Static MAC Address A static entry is one that is not subject to aging. Enter static entries manually. To create a static MAC address entry, use the following command. • Create a static MAC address entry in the MAC address table. CONFIGURATION mode mac-address-table static Displaying the MAC Address Table To display the MAC address table, use the following command. • Display the contents of the MAC address table.
interface) before the system verifies that sufficient CAM space exists. If the CAM check fails, a message is displayed: %E90MH:5 %ACL_AGENT-2-ACL_AGENT_LIST_ERROR: Unable to apply access-list MacLimit on GigabitEthernet 5/84 In this case, the configuration is still present in the running-config and show output. Remove the configuration before re-applying a MAC learning limit with a lower value. Also, ensure that you can view the Syslog messages on your session.
mac learning-limit mac-address-sticky Using sticky MAC addresses allows you to associate a specific port with MAC addresses from trusted devices. If you enable sticky MAC, the specified port retains any dynamically-learned addresses and prevents them from being transferred or learned on other ports. If you configure mac-learning-limit and you enabled sticky MAC, all dynamically-learned addresses are converted to sticky MAC addresses for the selected port.
no ip address switchport mac learning-limit 1 dynamic no-station-move mac learning-limit station-move-violation log no shutdown Learning Limit Violation Actions Learning limit violation actions are supported only on the Z9000 platform. To configure the system to take an action when the MAC learning limit is reached on an interface and a new address is received using one the following options with the mac learning-limit command, use the following commands.
NOTE: When the MAC learning limit (MLL) is configured as no-station-move, the MLL will be processed as static entries internally. For static entries, the MAC address will be installed in all port-pipes, irrespective of the VLAN membership. Recovering from Learning Limit and Station Move Violations After a learning-limit or station-move violation shuts down an interface, you must manually reset it. To reset the learning limit, use the following commands.
Figure 55. Redundant NICs with NIC Teaming When you use NIC teaming, consider that the server MAC address is originally learned on Port 0/1 of the switch (shown in the following) and Port 0/5 is the failover port. When the NIC fails, the system automatically sends an ARP request for the gateway or host NIC to resolve the ARP and refresh the egress interface.
Figure 56. Configuring the mac-address-table station-move refresh-arp Command Configure Redundant Pairs Configuring redundant pairs is supported on the Z9000 platform. Networks that employ switches that do not support the spanning tree protocol (STP) — for example, networks with digital subscriber line access multiplexers (DSLAM) — cannot have redundant links between switches because they create switching loops (as shown in the following illustration).
Figure 57. Configuring Redundant Layer 2 Pairs without Spanning Tree You configure a redundant pair by assigning a backup interface to a primary interface with the switchport backup interface command. Initially, the primary interface is active and transmits traffic and the backup interface remains down. If the primary fails for any reason, the backup transitions to an active Up state. If the primary interface fails and later comes back up, it remains as the backup interface for the redundant pair.
To ensure that existing network applications see no difference when a primary interface in a redundant pair transitions to the backup interface, be sure to apply identical configurations of other traffic parameters to each interface. If you remove an interface in a redundant link (remove the line card of a physical interface or delete a port channel with the no interface port-channel command), the redundant pair configuration is also removed.
00:24:55: %RPM0-P:CP %IFMGR-5-STATE_STBY_ACT: Changed interface state from standby to active: Gi 3/42 Dell(conf-if-gi-3/41)#do show ip int brief | find 3/41 GigabitEthernet 3/41 unassigned NO Manual administratively down down GigabitEthernet 3/42 unassigned YES Manual up up [output omitted] Example of Configuring Redundant Pairs on a Port-Channel () Dell#show interfaces port-channel brief Codes: L - LACP Port-channel LAG Mode Status Uptime Ports 1 L2 up 00:08:33 Te 0/0 (Up) 2 L2 up 00:00:02 Te 0/1 (Up) Dell
Figure 58. Configuring Far-End Failure Detection The report consists of several packets in SNAP format that are sent to the nearest known MAC address. In the event of a far-end failure, the device stops receiving frames and, after the specified time interval, assumes that the far-end is not available. The connecting line protocol is brought down so that upper layer protocols can detect the neighbor unavailability faster. FEFD State Changes FEFD has two operational modes, Normal and Aggressive.
4. If the FEFD enabled system is configured to use FEFD in Normal mode and neighboring echoes are not received after three intervals, (you can set each interval can be set between 3 and 300 seconds) the state changes to unknown. 5. If the FEFD system has been set to Aggressive mode and neighboring echoes are not received after three intervals, the state changes to Err-disabled.
To report interval frequency and mode adjustments, use the following commands. 1. Setup two or more connected interfaces for Layer 2 or Layer 3. INTERFACE mode ip address ip address, switchport 2. Activate the necessary ports administratively. INTEFACE mode no shutdown 3. Enable fefd globally. CONFIGURATION mode fefd {interval | mode} Example of the show fefd Command To display information about the state of each interface, use the show fefd command in EXEC privilege mode.
To set up and activate two or more connected interfaces, use the following commands. 1. Setup two or more connected interfaces for Layer 2 or Layer 3. INTERFACE mode ip address ip address, switchport 2. Activate the necessary ports administratively. INTERFACE mode no shutdown 3.
Sender state -- Bi-directional Sender info -- Mgmt Mac(00:01:e8:14:89:25), Slot-Port(Gi 1/0) Peer info -- Mgmt Mac (00:01:e8:14:89:25), Slot-Port(Gi 4/0) Sender hold time -- 3 (second) 2w1d22h : FEFD packet received on interface Gi 4/0 Sender state -- Bi-directional Sender info -- Mgmt Mac(00:01:e8:14:89:25), Slot-Port(Gi 1/0) Peer info -- Mgmt Mac (00:01:e8:14:89:25), Slot-Port(Gi 4/0) Sender hold time -- 3 (second) An RPM Failover In the event that an RPM failover occurs, FEFD becomes operationally down
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) 25 The link layer discovery protocol (LLDP) is supported on Dell Networking OS. 802.1AB (LLDP) Overview LLDP — defined by IEEE 802.1AB — is a protocol that enables a local area network (LAN) device to advertise its configuration and receive configuration information from adjacent LLDP-enabled LAN infrastructure devices.
Table 21. Type, Length, Value (TLV) Types Type TLV Description 0 End of LLDPDU Marks the end of an LLDPDU. 1 Chassis ID An administratively assigned name that identifies the LLDP agent. 2 Port ID An administratively assigned name that identifies a port through which TLVs are sent and received. 3 Time to Live An administratively assigned name that identifies a port through which TLVs are sent and received.
Figure 61. Organizationally Specific TLV IEEE Organizationally Specific TLVs Eight TLV types have been defined by the IEEE 802.1 and 802.3 working groups as a basic part of LLDP; the IEEE OUI is 00-80-C2. You can configure the Dell Networking system to advertise any or all of these TLVs. Table 22. Optional TLV Types Type TLV Description 4 Port description A user-defined alphanumeric string that describes the port. Dell Networking OS does not currently support this TLV.
Type TLV Description 127 Protocol Identity Indicates the protocols that the port can process. Dell Networking OS does not currently support this TLV. 127 MAC/PHY Configuration/Status Indicates the capability and current setting of the duplex status and bit rate, and whether the current settings are the result of auto-negotiation. This TLV is not available in the Dell Networking OS implementation of LLDP, but is available and mandatory (non-configurable) in the LLDP-MED implementation.
Regarding connected endpoint devices, LLDP-MED provides network connectivity devices with the ability to: • manage inventory • manage Power over Ethernet (PoE) • identify physical location • identify network policy LLDP-MED is designed for, but not limited to, VoIP endpoints. TIA Organizationally Specific TLVs The Dell Networking system is an LLDP-MED Network Connectivity Device (Device Type 4).
Type SubType TLV Description None or all TLVs must be supported. Dell Networking OS does not currently support these TLVs. 127 5 Inventory — Hardware Revision Indicates the hardware revision of the LLDPMED device. 127 6 Inventory — Firmware Revision Indicates the firmware revision of the LLDPMED device. 127 7 Inventory — Software Revision Indicates the software revision of the LLDPMED device. 127 8 Inventory — Serial Number Indicates the device serial number of the LLDP-MED device.
Figure 62. LLDP-MED Capabilities TLV Table 24. Dell Networking OS LLDP-MED Capabilities Bit Position TLV Dell Networking OS Support 0 LLDP-MED Capabilities Yes 1 Network Policy Yes 2 Location Identification Yes 3 Extended Power via MDI-PSE Yes 4 Extended Power via MDI-PD No 5 Inventory No 6–15 reserved No Table 25.
NOTE: As shown in the following table, signaling is a series of control packets that are exchanged between an endpoint device and a network connectivity device to establish and maintain a connection. These signal packets might require a different network policy than the media packets for which a connection is made. In this case, configure the signaling application. Table 26.
Extended Power via MDI TLV The extended power via MDI TLV enables advanced PoE management between LLDP-MED endpoints and network connectivity devices. Advertise the extended power via MDI on all ports that are connected to an 802.3af powered, LLDP-MED endpoint device. • Power Type — there are two possible power types: power source entity (PSE) or power device (PD). The Dell Networking system is a PSE, which corresponds to a value of 0, based on the TIA-1057 specification.
Important Points to Remember • LLDP is enabled by default. • Dell Networking systems support up to eight neighbors per interface. • Dell Networking systems support a maximum of 8000 total neighbors per system. If the number of interfaces multiplied by eight exceeds the maximum, the system does not configure more than 8000. • INTERFACE level configurations override all CONFIGURATION level configurations. • LLDP is not hitless.
Enabling LLDP LLDP is enabled by default. Enable and disable LLDP globally or per interface. If you enable LLDP globally, all UP interfaces send periodic LLDPDUs. To enable LLDP, use the following command. 1. Enter Protocol LLDP mode. CONFIGURATION or INTERFACE mode protocol lldp 2. Enable LLDP. PROTOCOL LLDP mode no disable Disabling and Undoing LLDP To disable or undo LLDP, use the following command. • Disable LLDP globally or for an interface.
3. Enter the disable command. LLDP-MANAGEMENT-INTERFACE mode. To undo an LLDP management port configuration, precede the relevant command with the keyword no. Advertising TLVs You can configure the system to advertise TLVs out of all interfaces or out of specific interfaces. • If you configure the system globally, all interfaces send LLDPDUs with the specified TLVs. • If you configure an interface, only the interface sends LLDPDUs with the specified TLVs.
Figure 65. Configuring LLDP Viewing the LLDP Configuration To view the LLDP configuration, use the following command. • Display the LLDP configuration.
Viewing Information Advertised by Adjacent LLDP Agents To view brief information about adjacent devices or to view all the information that neighbors are advertising, use the following commands. • Display brief information about adjacent devices. • show lldp neighbors Display all of the information that neighbors are advertising.
Configuring LLDPDU Intervals LLDPDUs are transmitted periodically; the default interval is 30 seconds. To configure LLDPDU intervals, use the following command. • Configure a non-default transmit interval.
• Return to the default setting.
advertise dot1-tlv port-protocol-vlan-id port-vlan-id advertise dot3-tlv max-frame-size advertise management-tlv system-capabilities system-description no disable R1(conf-lldp)#multiplier ? <2-10> Multiplier (default=4) R1(conf-lldp)#multiplier 5 R1(conf-lldp)#show config ! protocol lldp advertise dot1-tlv port-protocol-vlan-id port-vlan-id advertise dot3-tlv max-frame-size advertise management-tlv system-capabilities system-description multiplier 5 no disable R1(conf-lldp)#no multiplier R1(conf-lldp)#show
Figure 66. The debug lldp detail Command — LLDPDU Packet Dissection Relevant Management Objects Dell Networking OS supports all IEEE 802.1AB MIB objects. The following tables list the objects associated with: • received and transmitted TLVs • the LLDP configuration on the local agent • IEEE 802.1AB Organizationally Specific TLVs • received and transmitted LLDP-MED TLVs Table 27.
MIB Object Category Basic TLV Selection LLDP Variable LLDP MIB Object Description msgTxInterval lldpMessageTxInterval Transmit Interval value. rxInfoTTL lldpRxInfoTTL Time to live for received TLVs. txInfoTTL lldpTxInfoTTL Time to live for transmitted TLVs. mibBasicTLVsTxEnable lldpPortConfigTLVsTxEnabl e Indicates which management TLVs are enabled for system ports.
Table 28.
TLV Type TLV Name TLV Variable System interface numbering Local subtype interface number OID LLDP MIB Object lldpLocManAddrIfSu btype Remote lldpRemManAddrIfS ubtype Local lldpLocManAddrIfId Remote lldpRemManAddrIfId Local lldpLocManAddrOID Remote lldpRemManAddrOI D Table 29. LLDP 802.
Table 30.
TLV Sub-Type TLV Name TLV Variable System LLDP-MED MIB Object 3 Location Data Format Local lldpXMedLocLocatio nSubtype Remote lldpXMedRemLocati onSubtype Local lldpXMedLocLocatio nInfo Remote lldpXMedRemLocati onInfo Local lldpXMedLocXPoED eviceType Remote lldpXMedRemXPoED eviceType Local lldpXMedLocXPoEPS EPowerSource Location Identifier Location ID Data 4 Extended Power via MDI Power Device Type Power Source lldpXMedLocXPoEP DPowerSource Remote lldpXMedRemXPoEP SEPowerSource lld
Microsoft Network Load Balancing 26 This functionality is supported on Dell Networking OS. Network Load Balancing (NLB) is a clustering functionality that is implemented by Microsoft on Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 operating systems. NLB uses a distributed methodology or pattern to equally split and balance the network traffic load across a set of servers that are part of the cluster or group.
• With NLB feature enabled, after learning the NLB ARP entry, all the subsequent traffic is flooded on all ports in VLAN1. With NLB, the data frame is forwarded to all the servers for them to perform load-balancing. NLB Multicast Mode Scenario Consider a sample topology in which four servers, namely S1 through S4, are configured as a cluster or a farm. This set of servers is connected to a Layer 3 switch, which in turn is connected to the end-clients.
flooded out of all member ports. Since all the servers in the cluster receive traffic, failover and balancing are preserved. Enable and Disable VLAN Flooding • The older ARP entries are overwritten whenever newer NLB entries are learned. • All ARP entries, learned after the feature is enabled, are deleted when the feature is disabled, and RP2 triggers an ARP resolution. The feature is disabled with the no ip vlan-flooding command.
Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) 27 Multicast source discovery protocol (MSDP) is supported on Dell Networking OS. Protocol Overview MSDP is a Layer 3 protocol that connects IPv4 protocol-independent multicast-sparse mode (PIM-SM) domains. A domain in the context of MSDP is a contiguous set of routers operating PIM within a common boundary defined by an exterior gateway protocol, such as border gateway protocol (BGP).
Figure 67. Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) RPs advertise each (S,G) in its domain in type, length, value (TLV) format. The total number of TLVs contained in the SA is indicated in the “Entry Count” field. SA messages are transmitted every 60 seconds, and immediately when a new source is detected. Figure 68.
Anycast RP Using MSDP, anycast RP provides load sharing and redundancy in PIM-SM networks. Anycast RP allows two or more rendezvous points (RPs) to share the load for source registration and the ability to act as hot backup routers for each other. Anycast RP allows you to configure two or more RPs with the same IP address on Loopback interfaces. The Anycast RP Loopback address are configured with a 32-bit mask, making it a host address.
• Accept Source-Active Messages that Fail the RFP Check • Specifying Source-Active Messages • Limiting the Source-Active Cache • Preventing MSDP from Caching a Local Source • Preventing MSDP from Caching a Remote Source • Preventing MSDP from Advertising a Local Source • Terminating a Peership • Clearing Peer Statistics • Debugging MSDP • MSDP with Anycast RP • MSDP Sample Configurations Figure 69.
Figure 70.
Figure 71.
Figure 72. Configuring MSDP Enable MSDP Enable MSDP by peering RPs in different administrative domains. 1. Enable MSDP. CONFIGURATION mode ip multicast-msdp 2. Peer PIM systems in different administrative domains.
Examples of Configuring and Viewing MSDP R3_E600(conf)#ip multicast-msdp R3_E600(conf)#ip msdp peer 192.168.0.1 connect-source Loopback 0 R3_E600(conf)#do show ip msdp summary Peer Addr Description Local Addr State Source SA Up/Down To view details about a peer, use the show ip msdp peer command in EXEC privilege mode. Multicast sources in remote domains are stored on the RP in the source-active cache (SA cache).
Limiting the Source-Active Cache Set the upper limit of the number of active sources that the Dell Networking OS caches. The default active source limit is 500K messages. When the total number of active sources reaches the specified limit, subsequent active sources are dropped even if they pass the reverse path forwarding (RPF) and policy check. To limit the number of sources that SA cache stores, use the following command. • Limit the number of sources that can be stored in the SA cache.
Figure 73.
Figure 74.
Figure 75.
Figure 76. MSDP Default Peer, Scenario 4 Specifying Source-Active Messages To specify messages, use the following command. • Specify the forwarding-peer and originating-RP from which all active sources are accepted without regard for the RPF check. CONFIGURATION mode ip msdp default-peer ip-address list If you do not specify an access list, the peer accepts all sources that peer advertises. All sources from RPs that the ACL denies are subject to the normal RPF check.
Dell(conf)#ip access-list standard fifty Dell(conf)#seq 5 permit host 200.0.0.50 Dell#ip msdp sa-cache MSDP Source-Active Cache - 3 entries GroupAddr SourceAddr RPAddr LearnedFrom 229.0.50.2 24.0.50.2 200.0.0.50 10.0.50.2 229.0.50.3 24.0.50.3 200.0.0.50 10.0.50.2 229.0.50.4 24.0.50.4 200.0.0.50 10.0.50.2 Dell#ip msdp sa-cache rejected-sa MSDP Rejected SA Cache 3 rejected SAs received, cache-size 32766 UpTime GroupAddr SourceAddr RPAddr 00:33:18 229.0.50.64 24.0.50.64 200.0.1.50 00:33:18 229.0.50.65 24.0.50.
Example of Verifying the System is not Caching Local Sources When you apply this filter, the SA cache is not affected immediately. When sources that are denied by the ACL time out, they are not refreshed. Until they time out, they continue to reside in the cache. To apply the redistribute filter to entries already present in the SA cache, first clear the SA cache. You may optionally store denied sources in the rejected SA cache. R1_E600(conf)#do show run msdp ! ip multicast-msdp ip msdp peer 192.168.0.
R3_E600(conf)#do show ip msdp sa-cache R3_E600(conf)# R3_E600(conf)#do show ip msdp peer Peer Addr: 192.168.0.1 Local Addr: 0.0.0.0(639) Connect Source: Lo 0 State: Listening Up/Down Time: 00:01:19 Timers: KeepAlive 30 sec, Hold time 75 sec SourceActive packet count (in/out): 0/0 SAs learned from this peer: 0 SA Filtering: Input (S,G) filter: myremotefilter Output (S,G) filter: none Preventing MSDP from Advertising a Local Source To prevent MSDP from advertising a local source, use the following command.
Logging Changes in Peership States To log changes in peership states, use the following command. • Log peership state changes. CONFIGURATION mode ip msdp log-adjacency-changes Terminating a Peership MSDP uses TCP as its transport protocol. In a peering relationship, the peer with the lower IP address initiates the TCP session, while the peer with the higher IP address listens on port 639. • Terminate the TCP connection with a peer.
Example of the clear ip msdp peer Command and Verifying Statistics are Cleared R3_E600(conf)#do show ip msdp peer Peer Addr: 192.168.0.1 Local Addr: 192.168.0.3(639) Connect Source: Lo 0 State: Established Up/Down Time: 00:04:26 Timers: KeepAlive 30 sec, Hold time 75 sec SourceActive packet count (in/out): 5/0 SAs learned from this peer: 0 SA Filtering: Input (S,G) filter: myremotefilter Output (S,G) filter: none R3_E600(conf)#do clear ip msdp peer 192.168.0.
technique is less effective as traffic increases because preemptive load balancing requires prior knowledge of traffic distributions. • lack of scalable register decasulation: With only a single RP per group, all joins are sent to that RP regardless of the topological distance between the RP, sources, and receivers, and data is transmitted to the RP until the SPT switch threshold is reached.
Configuring Anycast RP To configure anycast RP, use the following commands. 1. In each routing domain that has multiple RPs serving a group, create a Loopback interface on each RP serving the group with the same IP address. CONFIGURATION mode interface loopback 2. Make this address the RP for the group. CONFIGURATION mode ip pim rp-address 3. In each routing domain that has multiple RPs serving a group, create another Loopback interface on each RP serving the group with a unique IP address.
CONFIGURATION mode ip msdp originator-id Examples of R1, R2, and R3 Configuration for MSDP with Anycast RP The following example shows an R1 configuration for MSDP with Anycast RP. ip multicast-routing ! interface GigabitEthernet 1/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.3.1/24 no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 1/2 ip address 10.11.2.1/24 no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 1/21 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.1.12/24 no shutdown ! interface Loopback 0 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 192.168.0.
no shutdown ! interface Loopback 0 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 192.168.0.1/32 no shutdown ! interface Loopback 1 ip address 192.168.0.22/32 no shutdown ! router ospf 1 network 10.11.1.0/24 area 0 network 10.11.4.0/24 area 0 network 192.168.0.22/32 area 0 redistribute static redistribute connected redistribute bgp 100 ! router bgp 100 redistribute ospf 1 neighbor 192.168.0.3 remote-as 200 neighbor 192.168.0.3 ebgp-multihop 255 neighbor 192.168.0.3 no shutdown ! ip multicast-msdp ip msdp peer 192.168.0.
neighbor neighbor neighbor neighbor ! ip ip ip ip ! ip ip ! ip 192.168.0.22 192.168.0.22 192.168.0.22 192.168.0.22 remote-as 100 ebgp-multihop 255 update-source Loopback 0 no shutdown multicast-msdp msdp peer 192.168.0.11 connect-source Loopback 0 msdp peer 192.168.0.22 connect-source Loopback 0 msdp sa-filter out 192.168.0.22 route 192.168.0.1/32 10.11.0.23 route 192.168.0.22/32 10.11.0.23 pim rp-address 192.168.0.3 group-address 224.0.0.
interface GigabitEthernet 2/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.4.1/24 no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 2/11 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.1.21/24 no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 2/31 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.0.23/24 no shutdown ! interface Loopback 0 ip address 192.168.0.2/32 no shutdown ! router ospf 1 network 10.11.1.0/24 area 0 network 10.11.4.0/24 area 0 network 192.168.0.
redistribute connected redistribute bgp 200 ! router bgp 200 redistribute ospf 1 neighbor 192.168.0.2 remote-as 100 neighbor 192.168.0.2 ebgp-multihop 255 neighbor 192.168.0.2 update-source Loopback 0 neighbor 192.168.0.2 no shutdown ! ip multicast-msdp ip msdp peer 192.168.0.1 connect-source Loopback 0 ! ip route 192.168.0.2/32 10.11.0.23 ip multicast-routing ! interface GigabitEthernet 4/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.5.1/24 no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 4/22 ip address 10.10.42.
28 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) Multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) is supported on Dell Networking OS. Protocol Overview MSTP — specified in IEEE 802.1Q-2003 — is a rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP)-based spanning tree variation that improves on per-VLAN spanning tree plus (PVST+). MSTP allows multiple spanning tree instances and allows you to map many VLANs to one spanning tree instance to reduce the total number of required instances.
Spanning Tree Variations The Dell Networking OS supports four variations of spanning tree, as shown in the following table. Table 31. Spanning Tree Variations Dell Networking Term IEEE Specification Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 802 .1d Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) 802 .1w Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) 802 .1s Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+) Third Party Implementation Information The following describes the MSTP implementation information.
• Enabling SNMP Traps for Root Elections and Topology Changes • Configuring Spanning Trees as Hitless Enable Multiple Spanning Tree Globally MSTP is not enabled by default. To enable MSTP globally, use the following commands. When you enable MSTP, all physical, VLAN, and port-channel interfaces that are enabled and in Layer 2 mode are automatically part of the MSTI 0. • Within an MSTI, only one path from any bridge to any other bridge is enabled.
Specify the keyword vlan then the VLANs that you want to participate in the MSTI. Examples of Configuring and Viewing MSTI The following examples shows the msti command. Dell(conf)#protocol spanning-tree mstp Dell(conf-mstp)#msti 1 vlan 100 Dell(conf-mstp)#msti 2 vlan 200-300 Dell(conf-mstp)#show config ! protocol spanning-tree mstp no disable MSTI 1 VLAN 100 MSTI 2 VLAN 200-300 All bridges in the MSTP region must have the same VLAN-to-instance mapping.
Influencing MSTP Root Selection MSTP determines the root bridge, but you can assign one bridge a lower priority to increase the probability that it becomes the root bridge. To change the bridge priority, use the following command. • Assign a number as the bridge priority. PROTOCOL MSTP mode msti instance bridge-priority priority A lower number increases the probability that the bridge becomes the root bridge. The range is from 0 to 61440, in increments of 4096. The default is 32768.
NOTE: Some non-Dell Networking OS equipment may implement a non-null default region name. SFTOS, for example, uses the Bridge ID, while others may use a MAC address. Changing the Region Name or Revision To change the region name or revision, use the following commands. • Change the region name. PROTOCOL MSTP mode • name name Change the region revision number.
The default is 15 seconds. 2. Change the hello-time parameter. PROTOCOL MSTP mode hello-time seconds NOTE: With large configurations (especially those configurations with more ports) Dell Networking recommends increasing the hello-time. The range is from 1 to 10. The default is 2 seconds. 3. Change the max-age parameter. PROTOCOL MSTP mode max-age seconds The range is from 6 to 40. The default is 20 seconds. 4. Change the max-hops parameter. PROTOCOL MSTP mode max-hops number The range is from 1 to 40.
• Port priority influences the likelihood that a port is selected to be a forwarding port in case that several ports have the same port cost. The following lists the default values for port cost by interface. Table 32.
• Enable EdgePort on an interface. INTERFACE mode spanning-tree mstp edge-port [bpduguard | shutdown-on-violation] Dell Networking OS Behavior: Regarding bpduguard shutdown-on-violation behavior: – If the interface to be shut down is a port channel, all the member ports are disabled in the hardware. – When you add a physical port to a port channel already in the Error Disable state, the new member port is also disabled in the hardware.
Figure 79. MSTP with Three VLANs Mapped to Two Spanning Tree Instances Router 1 Running-Configuration This example uses the following steps: 1. Enable MSTP globally and set the region name and revision map MSTP instances to the VLANs. 2. Assign Layer-2 interfaces to the MSTP topology. 3. Create VLANs mapped to MSTP instances tag interfaces to the VLANs.
no shutdown ! interface Vlan 300 no ip address tagged GigabitEthernet 1/21,31 no shutdown Router 2 Running-Configuration This example uses the following steps: 1. Enable MSTP globally and set the region name and revision map MSTP instances to the VLANs. 2. Assign Layer-2 interfaces to the MSTP topology. 3. Create VLANs mapped to MSTP instances tag interfaces to the VLANs.
name Tahiti revision 123 MSTI 1 VLAN 100 MSTI 2 VLAN 200,300 ! (Step 2) interface GigabitEthernet 3/11 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 3/21 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! (Step 3) interface Vlan 100 no ip address tagged GigabitEthernet 3/11,21 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 200 no ip address tagged GigabitEthernet 3/11,21 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 300 no ip address tagged GigabitEthernet 3/11,21 no shutdown SFTOS Example Running-Configuration This example uses the
(Step 3) interface vlan 100 tagged 1/0/31 tagged 1/0/32 exit interface vlan 200 tagged 1/0/31 tagged 1/0/32 exit interface vlan 300 tagged 1/0/31 tagged 1/0/32 exit Debugging and Verifying MSTP Configurations To debut and verify MSTP configuration, use the following commands. • Display BPDUs. EXEC Privilege mode • debug spanning-tree mstp bpdu Display MSTP-triggered topology change messages.
– Are there “extra” MSTP instances in the Sending or Received logs? This may mean that an additional MSTP instance was configured on one router but not the others. The following example shows the show run spanning-tree mstp command. Dell#show run spanning-tree mstp ! protocol spanning-tree mstp name Tahiti revision 123 MSTI 1 VLAN 100 MSTI 2 VLAN 200,300 The following example shows viewing the debug log of a successful MSTP configuration.
INST 2: Flags: 0x70, Reg Root: 32768:0001.e8d5.
Multicast Features 29 Multicast features are supported on Dell Networking OS. NOTE: Multicast is supported on secondary IP addresses on the platform. NOTE: Multicast routing for IPv6 is not supported. The Dell Networking Operating System (OS) supports the following multicast protocols: • PIM Sparse-Mode (PIM-SM) • Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) • Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) Enabling IP Multicast Enable IP multicast is supported on the Z9000S6000 platform.
Figure 80. Multicast with ECMP Implementation Information Because protocol control traffic in Dell Networking OS is redirected using the MAC address, and multicast control traffic and multicast data traffic might map to the same MAC address, Dell Networking OS might forward data traffic with certain MAC addresses to the CPU in addition to control traffic. As the upper5 bits of an IP Multicast address are dropped in the translation, 32 different multicast group IDs all map to the same Ethernet address.
Protocol Ethernet Address PIM-SM 01:00:5e:00:00:0d • The Dell Networking OS implementation of MTRACE is in accordance with IETF draft draft-fennertraceroute-ipm. • Multicast is not supported on secondary IP addresses. • Egress L3 ACL is not applied to multicast data traffic if you enable multicast routing. First Packet Forwarding for Lossless Multicast All initial multicast packets are forwarded to receivers to achieve lossless multicast.
• If the limit is decreased after it is reached, Dell Networking OS does not clear the existing sessions. Entries are cleared after a timeout (you may also clear entries using clear ip mroute). NOTE: Dell Networking OS waits at least 30 seconds between stopping and starting IGMP join processing. You may experience this delay when manipulating the limit after it is reached.
no access list limiting Receiver 1, so both IGMP reports are accepted, and two corresponding entries are created in the routing table. Figure 81. Preventing a Host from Joining a Group Table 33. Preventing a Host from Joining a Group — Description Location Description 1/21 • • • 530 Interface GigabitEthernet 1/21 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.12.
Location Description • no shutdown 1/31 • • • • Interface GigabitEthernet 1/31 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.13.1/24 no shutdown 2/1 • • • • Interface GigabitEthernet 2/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.1.1/24 no shutdown 2/11 • • • • Interface GigabitEthernet 2/11 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.12.2/24 no shutdown 2/31 • • • • Interface GigabitEthernet 2/31 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.23.
Location Description • • ip igmp access-group igmpjoinfilR2G2 no shutdown Rate Limiting IGMP Join Requests If you expect a burst of IGMP Joins, protect the IGMP process from overload by limiting that rate at which new groups can be joined. Hosts whose IGMP requests are denied will use the retry mechanism built-in to IGMP so that they’re membership is delayed rather than permanently denied. • Limit the rate at which new groups can be joined.
Figure 82. Preventing a Source from Transmitting to a Group Table 34. Preventing a Source from Transmitting to a Group — Description Location Description 1/21 • • • • Interface GigabitEthernet 1/21 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.12.1/24 no shutdown 1/31 • • • Interface GigabitEthernet 1/31 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.13.
Location Description • no shutdown 2/1 • • • • Interface GigabitEthernet 2/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.1.1/24 no shutdown 2/11 • • • • Interface GigabitEthernet 2/11 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.12.2/24 no shutdown 2/31 • • • • Interface GigabitEthernet 2/31 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.23.1/24 no shutdown 3/1 • • • • Interface GigabitEthernet 3/1 ip pim sparse-mode ip address 10.11.5.
Preventing a PIM Router from Processing a Join To permit or deny PIM Join/Prune messages on an interface using an extended IP access list, use the following command. NOTE: Dell Networking recommends not using the ip pim join-filter command on an interface between a source and the RP router. Using this command in this scenario could cause problems with the PIM-SM source registration process resulting in excessive traffic being sent to the CPU of both the RP and PIM DR of the source.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPFv2 and OSPFv3) 30 Open shortest path first (OSPFv2 for IPv4) and OSPF version 3 (OSPF for IPv6) are supported on Dell Networking OS. This chapter provides a general description of OSPFv2 (OSPF for IPv4) and OSPFv3 (OSPF for IPv6) as supported in the Dell Networking Operating System (OS). NOTE: The fundamental mechanisms of OSPF (flooding, DR election, area support, SPF calculations, and so on) are the same between OSPFv2 and OSPFv3.
Areas allow you to further organize your routers within in the AS. One or more areas are required within the AS. Areas are valuable in that they allow sub-networks to "hide" within the AS, thus minimizing the size of the routing tables on all routers. An area within the AS may not see the details of another area’s topology. AS areas are known by their area number or the router’s IP address. Figure 83. Autonomous System Areas Area Types The backbone of the network is Area 0. It is also called Area 0.0.0.
The backbone is the only area with a default area number. All other areas can have their Area ID assigned in the configuration. In the previous example, Routers A, B, C, G, H, and I are the Backbone. • A stub area (SA) does not receive external route information, except for the default route. These areas do receive information from inter-area (IA) routes. NOTE: Configure all routers within an assigned stub area as stubby, and not generate LSAs that do not apply.
Figure 84. OSPF Routing Examples Backbone Router (BR) A backbone router (BR) is part of the OSPF Backbone, Area 0. This includes all ABRs. It can also include any routers that connect only to the backbone and another ABR, but are only part of Area 0, such as Router I in the previous example. Area Border Router (ABR) Within an AS, an area border router (ABR) connects one or more areas to the backbone.
An ABR can connect to many areas in an AS, and is considered a member of each area it connects to. Autonomous System Border Router (ASBR) The autonomous system border area router (ASBR) connects to more than one AS and exchanges information with the routers in other ASs. Generally, the ASBR connects to a non-interior gate protocol (IGP) such as BGP or uses static routes.
available. An ABR floods the information for the router (for example, the ASBR where the Type 5 advertisement originated. The link-state ID for Type 4 LSAs is the router ID of the described ASBR). • Type 5: LSA — These LSAs contain information imported into OSPF from other routing processes. They are flooded to all areas, except stub areas. The link-state ID of the Type 5 LSA is the external network number.
Router Priority and Cost Router priority and cost is the method the system uses to “rate” the routers. For example, if not assigned, the system selects the router with the highest priority as the DR. The second highest priority is the BDR. • • Priority is a numbered rating 0 to 255. The higher the number, the higher the priority. Cost is a numbered rating 1 to 65535. The higher the number, the greater the cost. The cost assigned reflects the cost should the router fail.
Dell Networking OS supports stub areas, totally stub (no summary) and not so stubby areas (NSSAs) and supports the following LSAs, as described earlier. • Router (type 1) • Network (type 2) • Network Summary (type 3) • AS Boundary (type 4) • LSA(type 5) • External LSA (type 7) • Link LSA, OSPFv3 only (type 8) • Opaque Link-Local (type 9) • Grace LSA, OSPFv3 only (type 11) Graceful Restart Graceful restart for OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 are supported on the Z-Series platform in Helper mode only.
OSPFv2 supports helper-only and restarting-only roles. By default, both helper and restarting roles are enabled. OSPFv2 supports the helper-reject role globally on a router. OSPFv3 supports helper-only and restarting-only roles. The helper-only role is enabled by default. To enable the restarting role in addition to the helper-only role, configure a grace period. Reconfigure OSPFv3 graceful restart to a restarting-only role when you enable the helper-reject role on an interface.
example, if you create five OSPFv2 processes on a system, there must be at least five interfaces assigned in Layer 3 mode. Each OSPFv2 process is independent. If one process loses adjacency, the other processes continue to function. Processing SNMP and Sending SNMP Traps Though there are may be several OSPFv2 processes, only one process can process simple network management protocol (SNMP) requests and send SNMP traps.
LSType:Type-5 AS External(5) Age:1 Seq:0x8000000c id:170.1.2.0 Adv:6.1.0.0 Netmask:255.255.255.0 fwd:0.0.0.0 E2, tos:0 metric:0 To confirm that you enabled RFC-2328–compliant OSPF flooding, use the show ip ospf command. Dell#show ip ospf Routing Process ospf 1 with ID 2.2.2.
Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 Adjacent with neighbor 1.1.1.1 (Backup Designated Router) Dell (conf-if-gi-2/2)# Configuration Information The interfaces must be in Layer-3 mode (assigned an IP address) and enabled so that they can send and receive traffic. The OSPF process must know about these interfaces. To make the OSPF process aware of these interfaces, they must be assigned to OSPF areas. You must configure OSPF GLOBALLY on the system in CONFIGURATION mode.
If implementing multi-process OSPF, create an equal number of Layer 3 enabled interfaces and OSPF process IDs. For example, if you create four OSPFv2 process IDs, you must have four interfaces with Layer 3 enabled. 1. Assign an IP address to an interface. CONFIG-INTERFACE mode ip address ip-address mask The format is A.B.C.D/M. If you are using a Loopback interface, refer to Loopback Interfaces. 2. Enable the interface. CONFIG-INTERFACE mode no shutdown 3.
• Reset the OSPFv2 process. EXEC Privilege mode • clear ip ospf process-id View the current OSPFv2 status. EXEC mode show ip ospf process-id Example of Viewing the Current OSPFv2 Status Dell#show ip ospf 55555 Routing Process ospf 55555 with ID 10.10.10.
If you try to enable more OSPF processes than available Layer 3 interfaces, the following message displays: C300(conf)#router ospf 1 % Error: No router ID available. Assigning an OSPFv2 Area After you enable OSPFv2, assign the interface to an OSPF area. Set up OSPF areas and enable OSPFv2 on an interface with the network command. You must have at least one AS area: Area 0. This is the backbone area. If your OSPF network contains more than one area, configure a backbone area (Area ID 0.0.0.0).
Dell(conf)#router ospf 1 Dell(conf-router_ospf-1)#network 1.2.3.4/24 area 0 Dell(conf-router_ospf-1)#network 10.10.10.10/24 area 1 Dell(conf-router_ospf-1)#network 20.20.20.20/24 area 2 Dell(conf-router_ospf-1)# Dell# Dell Networking recommends using the interface IP addresses for the OSPFv2 router ID for easier management and troubleshooting. To view the configuration, use the show config command in CONFIGURATION ROUTER OSPF mode.
Loopback 0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 10.168.253.2/32, Area 0.0.0.1 Process ID 1, Router ID 10.168.253.2, Network Type LOOPBACK, Cost: 1 Loopback interface is treated as a stub Host. Dell# Configuring Stub Areas OSPF supports different types of LSAs to help reduce the amount of router processing within the areas. Type 5 LSAs are not flooded into stub areas; the ABR advertises a default route into the stub area to which it is attached.
Enabling Passive Interfaces A passive interface is one that does not send or receive routing information. Enabling passive interface suppresses routing updates on an interface. Although the passive interface does not send or receive routing updates, the network on that interface is still included in OSPF updates sent via other interfaces. To suppress the interface’s participation on an OSPF interface, use the following command. This command stops the router from sending updates on that interface.
GigabitEthernet 0/1 is up, line protocol is down Internet Address 10.1.3.100/24, Area 2.2.2.2 Process ID 34, Router ID 10.1.2.100, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 10 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 Designated Router (ID) 10.1.2.100, Interface address 10.1.3.100 Backup Designated Router (ID) 0.0.0.0, Interface address 0.0.0.
The following examples shows how to disable fast-convergence. Dell#(conf-router_ospf-1)#no fast-converge Dell#(conf-router_ospf-1)#ex Dell#(conf)#ex Dell##show ip ospf 1 Routing Process ospf 1 with ID 192.168.67.
NOTE: Be sure to write down or otherwise record the key. You cannot learn the key after it is configured. You must be careful when changing this key. • NOTE: You can configure a maximum of six digest keys on an interface. Of the available six digest keys, the switches select the MD5 key that is common. The remaining MD5 keys are unused. Change the priority of the interface, which is used to determine the Designated Router for the OSPF broadcast network.
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Hello due in 00:00:06 Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0 Dell# Enabling OSPFv2 Authentication To enable or change various OSPF authentication parameters, use the following commands. • Set a clear text authentication scheme on the interface. CONFIG-INTERFACE mode ip ospf authentication-key key Configure a key that is a text string no longer than eight characters.
graceful-restart grace-period seconds The seconds range is from 40 and 3000. This setting is the time that an OSPFv2 router’s neighbors advertises it as fully adjacent, regardless of the synchronization state, during a graceful restart. OSPFv2 terminates this process when the grace period ends. 2. Enter the Router ID of the OSPFv2 helper router from which the router does not accept graceful restart assistance.
graceful-restart grace-period 300 graceful-restart role helper-only graceful-restart mode unplanned-only graceful-restart helper-reject 10.1.1.1 graceful-restart helper-reject 20.1.1.1 network 10.0.2.0/24 area 0 Dell# Creating Filter Routes To filter routes, use prefix lists. OSPF applies prefix lists to incoming or outgoing routes. Incoming routes must meet the conditions of the prefix lists. If they do not, OSPF does not add the route to the routing table.
• Specify which routes are redistributed into OSPF process. CONFIG-ROUTEROSPF-id mode redistribute {bgp | connected | isis | rip | static} [metric metric-value | metric-type type-value] [route-map map-name] [tag tag-value] Configure the following required and optional parameters: – bgp, connected, isis, rip, static: enter one of the keywords to redistribute those routes. – metric metric-value: the range is from 0 to 4294967295. – metric-type metric-type: 1 for OSPF external route type 1.
• View the summary of all OSPF process IDs enables on the router. EXEC Privilege mode • show running-config ospf View the summary information of the IP routes. EXEC Privilege mode • show ip route summary View the summary information for the OSPF database. EXEC Privilege mode • show ip ospf database View the configuration of OSPF neighbors connected to the local router. EXEC Privilege mode • show ip ospf neighbor View the LSAs currently in the queue.
! router ospf 90 area 2 virtual-link 4.4.4.4 area 2 virtual-link 90.90.90.90 retransmit-interval 300 ! ipv6 router ospf 999 default-information originate always router-id 10.10.10.10 Dell# Sample Configurations for OSPFv2 The following configurations are examples for enabling OSPFv2. These examples are not comprehensive directions. They are intended to give you some guidance with typical configurations. You can copy and paste from these examples to your CLI.
ip address 10.2.12.2/24 no shutdown ! interface Loopback 10 ip address 192.168.100.100/24 no shutdown OSPF Area 0 — Gl 3/1 and 3/2 router ospf 33333 network 192.168.100.0/24 area 0 network 10.0.13.0/24 area 0 network 10.0.23.0/24 area 0 ! interface Loopback 30 ip address 192.168.100.100/24 no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 3/1 ip address 10.1.13.3/24 no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 3/2 ip address 10.2.13.3/24 no shutdown OSPF Area 0 — Gl 2/1 and 2/2 router ospf 22222 network 192.168.100.
The OSPFv3 ipv6 ospf area command enables OSPFv3 on the interface and places the interface in an area. With OSPFv2, two commands are required to accomplish the same tasks — the router ospf command to create the OSPF process, then the network area command to enable OSPF on an interface. NOTE: The OSPFv2 network area command enables OSPF on multiple interfaces with the single command. Use the OSPFv3 ipv6 ospf area command on each interface that runs OSPFv3.
NOTE: The OSPFv2 network area command enables OSPFv2 on multiple interfaces with the single command. Use the OSPFv3 ipv6 ospf area command on each interface that runs OSPFv3. • Assign the OSPFv3 process and an OSPFv3 area to this interface. CONF-INT-type slot/port mode ipv6 ospf process-id area area-id – process-id: the process ID number assigned. – area-id: the area ID for this interface.
– Area ID: a number or IP address assigned when creating the area. You can represent the area ID as a number from 0 to 65536 if you assign a dotted decimal format rather than an IP address. Configuring Passive-Interface To suppress the interface’s participation on an OSPFv3 interface, use the following command. This command stops the router from sending updates on that interface. • Specify whether some or all some of the interfaces are passive.
Configuring a Default Route To generate a default external route into the OSPFv3 routing domain, configure Dell Networking OS. To specify the information for the default route, use the following command. • Specify the information for the default route.
CONF-IPV6-ROUTER-OSPF mode graceful-restart mode [planned-only | unplanned-only] – Planned-only: the OSPFv3 router supports graceful restart only for planned restarts. A planned restart is when you manually enter a redundancy force-failover rpm command to force the primary RPM over to the secondary RPM. During a planned restart, OSPFv3 sends out a Grace LSA before the system switches over to the secondary RPM. OSPFv3 is notified that a planned restart is happening.
The following example shows the show ipv6 ospf database database-summary command. Dell#show ipv6 ospf database database-summary ! OSPFv3 Router with ID (200.1.1.
• Tunnel mode — is more secure and encrypts both the header and payload. On the receiving side, an IPsec-compliant device decrypts each packet. NOTE: Dell Networking OS supports only Transport Encryption mode in OSPFv3 authentication with IPsec. With IPsec-based authentication, Crypto images are used to include the IPsec secure socket application programming interface (API) required for use with OSPFv3.
• Manual key configuration is supported in an authentication or encryption policy (dynamic key configuration using the internet key exchange [IKE] protocol is not supported). • In an OSPFv3 authentication policy: – AH is used to authenticate OSPFv3 headers and certain fields in IPv6 headers and extension headers. – MD5 and SHA1 authentication types are supported; encrypted and unencrypted keys are supported. • In an OSPFv3 encryption policy: – Both encryption and authentication are used.
– MD5 | SHA1: specifies the authentication type: Message Digest 5 (MD5) or Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA-1). – key-encryption-type: (optional) specifies if the key is encrypted. The valid values are 0 (key is not encrypted) or 7 (key is encrypted). • • – key: specifies the text string used in authentication. All neighboring OSPFv3 routers must share key to exchange information. For MD5 authentication, the key must be 32 hex digits (nonencrypted) or 64 hex digits (encrypted).
– key: specifies the text string used in authentication. All neighboring OSPFv3 routers must share key to exchange information. For MD5 authentication, the key must be 32 hex digits (nonencrypted) or 64 hex digits (encrypted). For SHA-1 authentication, the key must be 40 hex digits (non-encrypted) or 80 hex digits (encrypted). • • – key-authentication-type: (optional) specifies if the authentication key is encrypted. The valid values are 0 or 7. Remove an IPsec encryption policy from an interface.
• Display the configuration of IPSec authentication policies on the router. show crypto ipsec policy Configuring IPsec Encryption for an OSPFv3 Area To configure, remove, or display IPsec encryption in an OSPFv3 area, use the following commands. Prerequisite: Before you enable IPsec encryption in an OSPFv3 area, first enable OSPFv3 globally on the router (refer to Configuration Task List for OSPFv3 (OSPF for IPv6)).
Displaying OSPFv3 IPsec Security Policies To display the configuration of IPsec authentication and encryption policies, use the following commands. • Display the AH and ESP parameters configured in IPsec security policies, including the SPI number, key, and algorithms used. EXEC Privilege mode show crypto ipsec policy [name name] • – name: displays configuration details about a specified policy.
Crypto IPSec client security policy data Policy name : OSPFv3-0-501 Policy refcount : 1 Inbound ESP SPI : 501 (0x1F5) Outbound ESP SPI : 501 (0x1F5) Inbound ESP Auth Key : bbdd96e6eb4828e2e27bc3f9ff541e43faa759c9ef5706ba8ed8bb5efe91e97eb7c0c30808825fb5 Outbound ESP Auth Key : bbdd96e6eb4828e2e27bc3f9ff541e43faa759c9ef5706ba8ed8bb5efe91e97eb7c0c30808825fb5 Inbound ESP Cipher Key : bbdd96e6eb4828e2e27bc3f9ff541e43faa759c9ef5706ba10345a1039ba8f8a Outbound ESP Cipher Key : bbdd96e6eb4828e2e27bc3f9ff541e43faa759
replay detection support : N STATUS : ACTIVE Troubleshooting OSPFv3 Dell Networking OS has several tools to make troubleshooting easier. Consider the following information as these are typical issues that interrupt the OSPFv3 process. NOTE: The following troubleshooting section is not meant to be a comprehensive list, only examples of typical troubleshooting checks.
– For a Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword GigabitEthernet then the slot/port information (for example, passive-interface gi 2/1). – For a port channel, enter the keywords port-channel then a number from 1 to 255 for TeraScale and ExaScale. – For a 10-Gigabit Ethernet interface, enter the keyword TenGigabitEthernet then the slot/port information (for example, passive-interface ten 2/3). – For a VLAN, enter the keyword vlan then a number from 1 to 4094 (for example, passiveinterface vlan 2222).
Policy-based Routing (PBR) 31 Policy-based Routing (PBR) allows a switch to make routing decisions based on policies applied to an interface.
To enable a PBR, you create a redirect list. Redirect lists are defined by rules, or routing policies.
Implementing Policy-based Routing with Dell Networking OS • Non-contiguous bitmasks for PBR • Hot-Lock PBR Non-contiguous bitmasks for PBR Non-contiguous bitmasks for PBR allows more granular and flexible control over routing policies. Network addresses that are in the middle of a subnet can be included or excluded. Specific bitmasks can be entered using the dotted decimal format. Non-contiguous bitmask example Dell#show ip redirect-list IP redirect-list rcl0: Defined as: seq 5 permit ip 200.200.200.
The following example creates a redirect list by the name of “xyz.” Dell(conf)#ip redirect-list ? WORD Redirect-list name (max 16 chars) Dell(conf)#ip redirect-list xyz Create a Rule for a Redirect-list Use the following command in CONFIGURATION REDIRECT-LIST mode to set the rules for the redirect list. You can enter the command multiple times and create a sequence of redirect rules. Use the seq nn redirect version of the command to organize your rules.
Dell(conf-redirect-list)#redirect 3.3.3.3 ? <0-255> An IP protocol number icmp Internet Control Message Protocol ip Any Internet Protocol tcp Transmission Control Protocol udp User Datagram Protocol Dell(conf-redirect-list)#redirect 3.3.3.3 ip ? A.B.C.D Source address any Any source host host A single source host Dell(conf-redirect-list)#redirect 3.3.3.3 ip 222.1.1.1 ? Mask A.B.C.D or /nn Mask in dotted decimal or in format Dell(conf-redirect-list)#redirect 3.3.3.3 ip 222.1.1.1 /32 ? A.B.C.
PBR Exceptions (Permit) Use the command permit to create an exception to a redirect list. Exceptions are used when a forwarding decision should be based on the routing table rather than a routing policy. Dell Networking OS assigns the first available sequence number to a rule configured without a sequence number and inserts the rule into the PBR CAM region next to the existing entries. Since the order of rules is important, ensure that you configure any necessary sequence numbers.
Applying a Redirect-list to an Interface Example: Dell(conf-if-te-2/0)#ip redirect-group xyz Dell(conf-if-te-2/0)# Applying a Redirect-list to an Interface Example: Dell(conf-if-te-1/0)#ip redirect-group test Dell(conf-if-te-1/0)#ip redirect-group xyz Dell(conf-if-te-1/0)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 1/0 no ip address ip redirect-group test ip redirect-group xyz shutdown Dell(conf-if-te-1/0)# In addition to supporting multiple redirect-lists in a redirect-group, multiple redirect-groups are su
NOTE: If, the redirect-list is applied to an interface, the output of show ip redirect-list redirect-listname command displays reachability and ARP status for the specified next-hop.
Create the Redirect-List GOLD EDGE_ROUTER(conf-if-Te-2/23)#ip redirect-list GOLD EDGE_ROUTER(conf-redirect-list)#description Route GOLD traffic to ISP_GOLD. EDGE_ROUTER(conf-redirect-list)#direct 10.99.99.254 ip 192.168.1.0/24 any EDGE_ROUTER(conf-redirect-list)#redirect 10.99.99.254 ip 192.168.2.0/24 any EDGE_ROUTER(conf-redirect-list)# seq 15 permit ip any any EDGE_ROUTER(conf-redirect-list)#show config ! ip redirect-list GOLD description Route GOLD traffic to ISP_GOLD. seq 5 redirect 10.99.99.254 ip 192.
View Redirect-List GOLD EDGE_ROUTER#show ip redirect-list IP redirect-list GOLD: Defined as: seq 5 redirect 10.99.99.254 ip 192.168.1.0/24 any, Next-hop reachable (via Te 3/23), ARP resolved seq 10 redirect 10.99.99.254 ip 192.168.2.
PIM Sparse-Mode (PIM-SM) 32 Protocol-independent multicast sparse-mode (PIM-SM) is supported on Dell Networking OS. PIM-SM is a multicast protocol that forwards multicast traffic to a subnet only after a request using a PIM Join message; this behavior is the opposite of PIM-Dense mode, which forwards multicast traffic to all subnets until a request to stop. Implementation Information Be aware of the following PIM-SM implementation information.
received becomes the outgoing interface associated with the (*,G) entry. This process constructs an RPT branch to the RP. 3. If a host on the same subnet as another multicast receiver sends an IGMP report for the same multicast group, the gateway takes no action.
Important Point to Remember If you use a Loopback interface with a /32 mask as the RP, you must enable PIM Sparse-mode on the interface. Configuring PIM-SM Configuring PIM-SM is a three-step process. 1. Enable multicast routing (refer to the following step). 2. Select a rendezvous point. 3. Enable PIM-SM on an interface. Enable multicast routing. CONFIGURATION mode ip multicast-routing Related Configuration Tasks The following are related PIM-SM configuration tasks.
NOTE: You can influence the selection of the Rendezvous Point by enabling PIM-Sparse mode on a Loopback interface and assigning a low IP address. To display PIM neighbors for each interface, use the show ip pim neighbor command EXEC Privilege mode. Dell#show ip Neighbor Address 127.87.5.5 127.87.3.5 127.87.50.
The default is 210. 2. Create an extended ACL. CONFIGURATION mode ip access-list extended access-list-name 3. Specify the source and group to which the timer is applied using extended ACLs with permit rules only. CONFIG-EXT-NACL mode [seq sequence-number] permit ip source-address/mask | any | host sourceaddress} {destination-address/mask | any | host destination-address} 4. Set the expiry time for a specific (S,G) entry (as shown in the following example).
interface Loopback 0 ip address 1.1.1.1/32 ip pim sparse-mode no shutdown Dell#sh run pim ! ip pim rp-address 1.1.1.1 group-address 224.0.0.0/4 Overriding Bootstrap Router Updates PIM-SM routers must know the address of the RP for each group for which they have (*,G) entry. This address is obtained automatically through the bootstrap router (BSR) mechanism or a static RP configuration. Use the following command if you have configured a static RP for a group.
EXEC Privilege mode show ip pim interface Creating Multicast Boundaries and Domains A PIM domain is a contiguous set of routers that all implement PIM and are configured to operate within a common boundary defined by PIM multicast border routers (PMBRs). PMBRs connect each PIM domain to the rest of the Internet. Create multicast boundaries and domains by filtering inbound and outbound bootstrap router (BSR) messages per interface.
PIM Source-Specific Mode (PIM-SSM) 33 PIM source-specific mode (PIM-SSM) is supported on Dell Networking OS. PIM-SSM is a multicast protocol that forwards multicast traffic from a single source to a subnet. In the other versions of protocol independent multicast (PIM), a receiver subscribes to a group only. The receiver receives traffic not just from the source in which it is interested but from all sources sending to that group.
Configure PIM-SMM Configuring PIM-SSM is a two-step process. 1. Configure PIM-SMM. 2. Enable PIM-SSM for a range of addresses. Related Configuration Tasks • Use PIM-SSM with IGMP Version 2 Hosts Enabling PIM-SSM To enable PIM-SSM, follow these steps. 1. Create an ACL that uses permit rules to specify what range of addresses should use SSM. CONFIGURATION mode ip access-list standard name 2. Enter the ip pim ssm-range command and specify the ACL you created.
• • • When you remove the mapping configuration, Dell Networking OS removes the corresponding (S,G) states that it created and re-establishes the original (*,G) states. You may enter multiple ssm-map commands for different access lists. You may also enter multiple ssm-map commands for the same access list, as long as they use different source addresses. When an extended ACL is associated with this command, Dell Networking OS displays an error message.
Interface Vlan 400 Group 239.0.0.1 Uptime 00:00:05 Expires Never Router mode INCLUDE Last reporter 10.11.4.2 Last reporter mode INCLUDE Last report received ALLOW Group source list Source address Uptime Expires 10.11.5.
34 Port Monitoring Port monitoring is supported on Dell Networking OS. Mirroring is used for monitoring Ingress or Egress or both Ingress and Egress traffic on a specific port(s). This mirrored traffic can be sent to a port where a network sniffer can connect and monitor the traffic.
Port Monitoring The Z9000 supports multiple source-destination statements in a single monitor session. The maximum number of source ports that can be supported in a session is 128. The maximum number of destination ports that can be supported is 4 per port pipe. In the following examples, ports 0/13, 0/14, 0/15, and 0/16 all belong to the same port-pipe. They are pointing to four different destinations (0/1, 0/2, 0/3, and 0/37).
Example of Viewing a Monitoring Session In the example below, 0/25 and 0/26 belong to Port-pipe 1. This port-pipe has the same restriction of only four destination ports, new or used.
show interface 2. Create a monitoring session using the command monitor session from CONFIGURATION mode, as shown in the following example. CONFIGURATION mode monitor session monitor session type rpm/erpm type is an optional keyword, required only for rpm and erpm 3. Specify the source and destination port and direction of traffic, as shown in the following example.
Figure 88. Port Monitoring Example Enabling Flow-Based Monitoring Flow-based monitoring is supported only on the S-Series platform. Flow-based monitoring conserves bandwidth by monitoring only specified traffic instead of all traffic on the interface. This feature is particularly useful when looking for malicious traffic. It is available for Layer 2 and Layer 3 ingress and egress traffic. You can specify traffic using standard or extended access-lists. 1.
Example of the flow-based enable Command To view an access-list that you applied to an interface, use the show ip accounting access-list command from EXEC Privilege mode. Dell(conf)#monitor session 0 Dell(conf-mon-sess-0)#flow-based enable Dell(conf)#ip access-list ext testflow Dell(config-ext-nacl)#seq 5 permit icmp any any count bytes monitor Dell(config-ext-nacl)#seq 10 permit ip 102.1.1.
source session uses a separate reserved VLAN to transmit mirrored packets (mirrored source-session traffic is shown with an orange or green circle with a blue border). The reserved VLANs transport the mirrored traffic in sessions (blue pipes) to the destination analyzers in the local network. Two destination sessions are shown: one for the reserved VLAN that transports orange-circle traffic; one for the reserved VLAN that transports green-circle traffic.
• Mirrored traffic is transported across the network using 802.1Q-in-802.1Q tunneling. The source address, destination address and original VLAN ID of the mirrored packet are preserved with the tagged VLAN header. Untagged source packets are tagged with the reserve VLAN ID. • The RPM VLAN can’t be a Private VLAN. • The RPM VLAN can be used as GVRP VLAN. • The L3 interface configuration should be blocked for RPM VLAN.
Restrictions When you configure remote port mirroring, the following restrictions apply: • • • • • • You can configure the same source port to be used in multiple source sessions. You cannot configure a source port channel or source VLAN in a source session if the port channel or VLAN has a member port that is configured as a destination port in a remote-port mirroring session.
destination switches), and a destination session (destination ports connected to analyzers on destination switches). Configuration Steps for RPM Step Command Purpose 1 configure terminal Enter global configuration mode. 2 monitor session type rpm The needs to be unique and not already defined in the box specifying type as 'rpm' defines a RPM session.
Dell(conf)#inte te 0/30 Dell(conf-if-te-0/30)#no shutdown Dell(conf-if-te-0/30)#switchport Dell(conf-if-te-0/30)#exit Dell(conf)#interface vlan 30 Dell(conf-if-vl-30)#mode remote-port-mirroring Dell(conf-if-vl-30)#tagged te 0/30 Dell(conf-if-vl-30)#exit Dell(conf)#interface port-channel 10 Dell(conf-if-po-10)#channel-member te 0/28-29 Dell(conf-if-po-10)#no shutdown Dell(conf-if-po-10)#exit Dell(conf)#monitor session 3 type rpm Dell(conf-mon-sess-3)#source port-channel 10 dest remote-vlan 30 dir both Dell(c
Dell(conf)#monitor session 1 type rpm Dell(conf-mon-sess-1)#source remote-vlan 10 dest te 0/3 Dell(conf-mon-sess-1)#exit Dell(conf)#monitor session 2 type rpm Dell(conf-mon-sess-2)#source remote-vlan 20 destination te 0/4 Dell(conf-mon-sess-2)#tagged destination te 0/4 Dell(conf-mon-sess-2)#exit Dell(conf)#monitor session 3 type rpm Dell(conf-mon-sess-3)#source remote-vlan 30 destination te 0/5 Dell(conf-mon-sess-3)#tagged destination te 0/5 Dell(conf-mon-sess-3)#end Dell# Dell#show monitor session SessID S
Configuring the Encapsulated Remote Port Mirroring The ERPM session copies traffic from the source ports/lags or source VLANs and forwards the traffic using routable GRE-encapsulated packets to the destination ip address specified in the session. Important: The steps to be followed for the ERPM Encapsulation : • Dell Networking OS supports ERPM Source session only. The Encapsulated packets terminate at the destination ip or at the analyzer.
6 flow-based enable Specify flow-based enable for mirroring on a flow by flow basis and also for vlan as source. 7 no enable (Optional) No disable command is mandatory in order for a erpm session to be active. The following example shows a sample configuration . Dell(conf)#monitor session 0 type erpm Dell(conf-mon-sess-0)#source tengigabitethernet 0/9 direction rx Dell(conf-mon-sess-0)#source port-channel 1 direction tx Dell(conf-mon-sess-0)#erpm source-ip 1.1.1.1 dest-ip 7.1.1.
ERPM Behavior on a typical Dell Networking OS The Dell Networking OS is designed to support only the Encapsulation of the data received / transmitted at the specified source port (Port A). An ERPM destination session / decapsulation of the ERPM packets at the destination Switch are not supported. As seen in the above figure, the packets received/transmitted on Port A will be encapsulated with an IP/GRE header plus a new L2 header and sent to the destination ip address (Port D’s ip address) on the sniffer.
39th byte in a given ERPM packet. The first 38/42 bytes of the header needs to be ignored/ chopped off. – Some tools support options to edit the capture file. We can make use of such features (for example: editcap ) and chop the ERPM header part and save it to a new trace file. This new file (i.e. the original mirrored packet) can be converted back into stream and fed to any egress interface. b.
Private VLANs (PVLAN) 35 The private VLAN (PVLAN) feature is supported on Dell Networking OS. For syntax details about the commands described in this chapter, refer to the Private VLANs commands chapter in the Dell Networking OS Command Line Reference Guide. Private VLANs extend the Dell Networking OS security suite by providing Layer 2 isolation between ports within the same virtual local area network (VLAN).
– A switch can have one or more primary VLANs, and it can have none. – A primary VLAN has one or more secondary VLANs. – A primary VLAN and each of its secondary VLANs decrement the available number of VLAN IDs in the switch. – A primary VLAN has one or more promiscuous ports. – A primary VLAN might have one or more trunk ports, or none. • Secondary VLAN — a subdomain of the primary VLAN. – There are two types of secondary VLAN — community VLAN and isolated VLAN.
• Map secondary VLANs to the selected primary VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode • [no] private-vlan mapping secondary-vlan vlan-list Display type and status of PVLAN interfaces. EXEC mode or EXEC Privilege mode • show interfaces private-vlan [interface interface] Display PVLANs and/or interfaces that are part of a PVLAN. EXEC mode or EXEC Privilege mode • show vlan private-vlan [community | interface | isolated | primary | primary_vlan | interface interface] Display primary-secondary VLAN mapping.
switchport 4. Select the PVLAN mode. INTERFACE mode switchport mode private-vlan {host | promiscuous | trunk} • host (isolated or community VLAN port) • promiscuous (intra-VLAN communication port) • trunk (inter-switch PVLAN hub port) Example of the switchport mode private-vlan Command For interface details, refer to Enabling a Physical Interface in the Interfaces chapter. NOTE: You cannot add interfaces that are configured as PVLAN ports to regular VLANs.
4. Map secondary VLANs to the selected primary VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode private-vlan mapping secondary-vlan vlan-list The list of secondary VLANs can be: 5. • Specified in comma-delimited (VLAN-ID,VLAN-ID) or hyphenated-range format (VLAN-IDVLAN-ID). • Specified with this command even before they have been created. • Amended by specifying the new secondary VLAN to be added to the list. Add promiscuous ports as tagged or untagged interfaces.
4. Add one or more host ports to the VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode tagged interface or untagged interface You can enter the interfaces singly or in range format, either comma-delimited (slot/ port,port,port) or hyphenated (slot/ port-port). You can only add host (isolated) ports to the VLAN. Creating an Isolated VLAN An isolated VLAN is a secondary VLAN of a primary VLAN. An isolated VLAN port can only talk with the promiscuous ports in that primary VLAN. 1.
Dell(conf-vlan-100)# private-vlan mode isolated Dell(conf-vlan-100)# untagged Gi 2/2 Private VLAN Configuration Example The following example shows a private VLAN topology. Figure 89. Sample Private VLAN Topology The following configuration is based on the example diagram for the C300–1: • Gi 0/0 and Gi 23 are configured as promiscuous ports, assigned to the primary VLAN, VLAN 4000. • Gi 0/25 is configured as a PVLAN trunk port, also assigned to the primary VLAN 4000.
• The ports in isolated VLAN 4003 can only communicate with the promiscuous ports in the primary VLAN 4000. • All the ports in the secondary VLANs (both community and isolated VLANs) can only communicate with ports in the other secondary VLANs of that PVLAN over Layer 3, and only when the ip localproxy-arp command is invoked in the primary VLAN.
• The following examples show the results of using this command without the command options on the C300 and S50V switches in the topology diagram previously shown. Display the primary-secondary VLAN mapping. The following example shows the output from the S50V. show vlan private-vlan mapping This command is specific to the PVLAN feature. Examples of Viewing a Private VLAN using the show Commands The show arp and show vlan commands are revised to display PVLAN data.
switchport mode private-vlan promiscuous no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/4 no ip address switchport switchport mode private-vlan host no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/5 no ip address switchport switchport mode private-vlan host no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/6 no ip address switchport switchport mode private-vlan host no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 0/25 no ip address switchport switchport mode private-vlan trunk no shutdown ! interface Vlan 4000 private-vlan mode prim
Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+) 36 Per-VLAN spanning tree plus (PVST+) is supported on Dell Networking OS. Protocol Overview PVST+ is a variation of spanning tree — developed by a third party — that allows you to configure a separate spanning tree instance for each virtual local area network (VLAN). For more information about spanning tree, refer to the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) chapter. Figure 90.
Table 35. Spanning Tree Variations Dell Networking OS Supports Dell Networking Term IEEE Specification Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 802 .1d Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) 802 .1w Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) 802 .1s Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+) Third Party Implementation Information • The Dell Networking OS implementation of PVST+ is based on IEEE Standard 802.1w. • The Dell Networking OS implementation of PVST+ uses IEEE 802.
PROTOCOL PVST mode no disable Disabling PVST+ To disable PVST+ globally or on an interface, use the following commands. • Disable PVST+ globally. PROTOCOL PVST mode • disable Disable PVST+ on an interface, or remove a PVST+ parameter configuration. INTERFACE mode no spanning-tree pvst Example of Viewing PVST+ Configuration To display your PVST+ configuration, use the show config command from PROTOCOL PVST mode.
Figure 91. Load Balancing with PVST+ The bridge with the bridge value for bridge priority is elected root. Because all bridges use the default priority (until configured otherwise), the lowest MAC address is used as a tie-breaker. To increase the likelihood that a bridge is selected as the STP root, assign bridges a low non-default value for bridge priority. To assign a bridge priority, use the following command. • Assign a bridge priority.
Root Identifier has priority 4096, Address 0001.e80d.b6d6 Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Bridge Identifier has priority 4096, Address 0001.e80d.b6d6 Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 We are the root of VLAN 100 Current root has priority 4096, Address 0001.e80d.b6d6 Number of topology changes 5, last change occurred 00:34:37 ago on Gi 1/32 Port 375 (GigabitEthernet 1/22) is designated Forwarding Port path cost 20000, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.
PROTOCOL PVST mode vlan max-age The range is from 6 to 40. The default is 20 seconds. The values for global PVST+ parameters are given in the output of the show spanning-tree pvst command. Modifying Interface PVST+ Parameters You can adjust two interface parameters (port cost and port priority) to increase or decrease the probability that a port becomes a forwarding port. • Port cost — a value that is based on the interface type.
The range is from 0 to 240, in increments of 16. The default is 128. The values for interface PVST+ parameters are given in the output of the show spanning-tree pvst command, as previously shown. Configuring an EdgePort The EdgePort feature enables interfaces to begin forwarding traffic approximately 30 seconds sooner. In this mode an interface forwards frames by default until it receives a BPDU that indicates that it should behave otherwise; it does not go through the Learning and Listening states.
PVST+ in Multi-Vendor Networks Some non-Dell Networking systems which have hybrid ports participating in PVST+ transmit two kinds of BPDUs: an 802.1D BPDU and an untagged PVST+ BPDU. Dell Networking systems do not expect PVST+ BPDU (tagged or untagged) on an untagged port. If this situation occurs, Dell Networking OS places the port in an Error-Disable state. This behavior might result in the network not converging.
Example of Viewing the Extend System ID in a PVST+ Configuration Dell(conf-pvst)#do show spanning-tree pvst vlan 5 brief VLAN 5 Executing IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Root ID Priority 32773, Address 0001.e832.73f7 Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Bridge ID Priority 32773 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 5), Address 0001.e832.
no ip address tagged GigabitEthernet 2/12,32 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 200 no ip address tagged GigabitEthernet 2/12,32 no shutdown ! interface Vlan 300 no ip address tagged GigabitEthernet 2/12,32 no shutdown ! protocol spanning-tree pvst no disable vlan 200 bridge-priority 4096 Example of PVST+ Configuration (R3) interface GigabitEthernet 3/12 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 3/22 no ip address switchport no shutdown ! interface Vlan 100 no ip address tagged GigabitEthe
37 Quality of Service (QoS) Quality of service (QoS) is supported on Dell Networking OS. Differentiated service is accomplished by classifying and queuing traffic, and assigning priorities to those queues. Table 37.
Feature Direction Configure a Scheduler to Queue Egress Specify WRED Drop Precedence Egress Create Policy Maps Ingress + Egress Create Input Policy Maps Ingress Honor DSCP Values on Ingress Packets Ingress Honoring dot1p Values on Ingress Packets Ingress Create Output Policy Maps Egress Specify an Aggregate QoS Policy Egress Create Output Policy Maps Egress Enabling QoS Rate Adjustment Enabling StrictPriority Queueing Weighted Random Early Detection Egress Create WRED Profiles Egress
Figure 93. Dell Networking QoS Architecture Implementation Information The Dell Networking QoS implementation complies with IEEE 802.1p User Priority Bits for QoS Indication.
• Configuring Port-Based Rate Policing • Configuring Port-Based Rate Shaping Setting dot1p Priorities for Incoming Traffic Dell Networking OS places traffic marked with a priority in a queue based on the following table. If you set a dot1p priority for a port-channel, all port-channel members are configured with the same value. You cannot assign a dot1p value to an individual interface in a port-channel. Table 38.
Example of Configuring an Interface to Honor dot1p Priorities on Ingress Traffic Dell#config t Dell(conf)#interface tengigabitethernet 1/0 Dell(conf-if)#service-class dynamic dot1p Dell(conf-if)#end Dell# Priority-Tagged Frames on the Default VLAN Priority-tagged frames on the default VLAN is available on the Z9000 platform. Priority-tagged frames are 802.1Q tagged frames with VLAN ID 0. For VLAN classification, these packets are treated as untagged.
• rate shape Apply rate shaping to a queue. QoS Policy mode rate-shape Example of rate shape Command Dell#config Dell(conf)#interface tengigabitethernet 1/0 Dell(conf-if)#rate shape 500 50 Dell(conf-if)#end Dell# Policy-Based QoS Configurations Policy-based QoS configurations consist of the components shown in the following example. Figure 94.
Classify Traffic Class maps differentiate traffic so that you can apply separate quality of service policies to different types of traffic. For both class maps, Layer 2 and Layer 3, Dell Networking OS matches packets against match criteria in the order that you configure them. Creating a Layer 3 Class Map A Layer 3 class map differentiates ingress packets based on the DSCP value or IP precedence, and characteristics defined in an IP ACL.
Dell(conf)#policy-map-input pmap Dell(conf-policy-map-in)#service-queue 3 class-map cmap1 Dell(conf-policy-map-in)#service-queue 1 class-map cmap2 Dell(conf-policy-map-in)#exit Dell(conf)#interface tegig 1/0 Dell(conf-if-gi-1/0)#service-policy input pmap Examples of Creating a Layer 3 IPv6 Class Map The following example matches IPv6 traffic with a DSCP value of 40.
ACLs acl1 and acl2 have overlapping rules because the address range 20.1.1.0/24 is within 20.0.0.0/8. Therefore (without the keyword order), packets within the range 20.1.1.0/24 match positive against cmap1 and are buffered in queue 7, though you intended for these packets to match positive against cmap2 and be buffered in queue 4. In cases such as these, where class-maps with overlapping ACL rules are applied to different queues, use the keyword order.
seq 10 deny ip any any ! ip access-list extended AF2 seq 5 permit ip host 23.64.0.5 any seq 10 deny ip any any Dell# show cam layer3-qos interface tengigabitethernet 2/49 Cam Port Dscp Proto Tcp Src Dst SrcIp DstIp DSCP Queue Index Flag Port Port Marking ----------------------------------------------------------------------20416 1 18 IP 0x0 0 0 23.64.0.5/32 0.0.0.0/0 20 2 20417 1 18 IP 0x0 0 0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 20418 1 0 IP 0x0 0 0 23.64.0.2/32 0.0.0.0/0 10 1 20419 1 0 IP 0x0 0 0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.
NOTE: To avoid issues misconfiguration causes, Dell Networking recommends configuring either DCBX or Egress QoS features, but not both simultaneously. If you enable both DCBX and Egress QoS at the same time, the DCBX configuration is applied and unexpected behavior occurs on the Egress QoS. Creating an Input QoS Policy To create an input QoS policy, use the following steps. 1. Create a Layer 3 input QoS policy.
Configuring Policy-Based Rate Shaping To configure policy-based rate shaping, use the following command. • Configure rate shape egress traffic. QOS-POLICY-OUT mode rate-shape Allocating Bandwidth to Queue Schedule packets for egress based on Deficit Round Robin (DRR). These strategies both offer a guaranteed data rate. The following table lists the default bandwidth weights for each queue, and their equivalent percentage which is derived by dividing the bandwidth weight by the sum of all queue weights.
Applying an Input QoS Policy to an Input Policy Map Honoring DSCP Values on Ingress Packets Honoring dot1p Values on Ingress Packets 3. Apply the input policy map to an interface. Applying a Class-Map or Input QoS Policy to a Queue To apply a class-map or input QoS policy to a queue, use the following command. • Assign an input QoS policy to a queue.
Honoring dot1p Values on Ingress Packets Dell Networking OS honors dot1p values on ingress packets with the Trust dot1p feature. The following table specifies the queue to which the classified traffic is sent based on the dot1p value. Table 41. Default dot1p to Queue Mapping dot1p Queue ID 0 2 1 0 2 1 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 The dot1p value is also honored for frames on the default VLAN. For more information, refer to PriorityTagged Frames on the Default VLAN.
Applying an Input Policy Map to an Interface To apply an input policy map to an interface, use the following command. You can apply the same policy map to multiple interfaces, and you can modify a policy map after you apply it. • • You cannot apply an input Layer 2 QoS policy on an interface you also configure with vlan-stack access. If you apply a service policy that contains an ACL to more than one interface, Dell Networking OS uses ACL optimization to conserve CAM space.
1. Create the color-aware map QoS DSCP color map. CONFIGURATION mode qos dscp-color-map color-map-name 2. Create the color aware map profile. DSCP-COLOR-MAP dscp {yellow | red} {list-dscp-values} 3. Apply the map profile to the interface. CONFIG-INTERFACE mode qos dscp-color-policy color-map-name Example: Create a DSCP Color Map The following example creates a DSCP color map profile, color-awareness policy, and applies it to interface te 0/11.
Displaying a DSCP Color Policy Configuration To display the DSCP color policy configuration for one or all interfaces, use the show qos dscpcolor-policy {summary [interface] | detail {interface}} command in EXEC mode. summary: Displays summary information about a color policy on one or more interfaces. detail: Displays detailed color policy information on an interface interface: Enter the name of the interface that has the color policy configured.
service-queue Specifying an Aggregate QoS Policy To specify an aggregate QoS policy, use the following command. • Specify an aggregate QoS policy. POLICY-MAP-OUT mode policy-aggregate Applying an Output Policy Map to an Interface To apply an output policy map to an interface, use the following command. • Apply an input policy map to an interface. INTERFACE mode service-policy output You can apply the same policy map to multiple interfaces, and you can modify a policy map after you apply it.
Enabling Strict-Priority Queueing Strict-priority means that Dell Networking OS de-queues all packets from the assigned queue before servicing any other queues. • The strict-priority supersedes bandwidth-percentage configuration. • A queue with strict priority can starve other queues in the same port-pipe. • Assign strict priority to one unicast queue. CONFIGURATION mode strict-priority The range is from 1 to 3.
Figure 95. Packet Drop Rate for WRED You can create a custom WRED profile or use one of the five pre-defined profiles. Creating WRED Profiles To create WRED profiles, use the following commands. 1. Create a WRED profile. CONFIGURATION mode wred-profile 2. Specify the minimum and maximum threshold values. WRED mode threshold Applying a WRED Profile to Traffic After you create a WRED profile, you must specify to which traffic Dell Networking OS should apply the profile.
wred Displaying Default and Configured WRED Profiles To display the default and configured WRED profiles, use the following command. • Display default and configured WRED profiles and their threshold values. EXEC mode show qos wred-profile Displaying WRED Drop Statistics To display WRED drop statistics, use the following command. • Display the number of packets Dell Networking OS the WRED profile drops.
• Estimated CAM — the estimated number of CAM entries that the policy will consume when it is applied to an interface. • Status — indicates whether the specified policy-map can be completely applied to an interface in the port-pipe. – Allowed — indicates that the policy-map can be applied because the estimated number of CAM entries is less or equal to the available number of CAM entries. The number of interfaces in the port-pipe to which the policy-map can be applied is given in parentheses.
achieved. Also, the devices can respond to congestion before a queue overflows and packets are dropped, enabling improved queue management. When a packet reaches the device with ECN enabled for WRED, the average queue size is computed. To measure the average queue size, a weight factor is used. This weight factor is user-configurable. You can use the wred weight number command to configure the weight for the WRED average queue size.
occurs to prevent system-level complexities in enabling this support for backplane ports. Also, WRED/ECN is not supported for multicast packets. The following table describes the WRED and ECN operations that occur for various scenarios of WRED and ECN configuration on the queue and service pool. (X denotes not-applicable in the table, 1 indicates that the setting is enabled, 0 represents a disabled setting. ) Table 42.
QOS-POLICY-OUT mode Dell(conf-qos-policy-out)#wred—profile weight number 2. Configure a WRED profile, and specify the threshold and maximum drop rate. WRED mode Dell(conf-wred) #wred—profile thresh-1 Dell(conf-wred) #threshold min 100 max 200 max-drop-rate 40 3. Configure another WRED profile, and specify the threshold and maximum drop rate. WRED mode Dell(conf-wred) #wred—profile thresh-2 Dell(conf-wred) #threshold min 300 max 400 max-drop-rate 80 4.
– SYN – PSH – RST – URG In the existing software, ECE/CWR TCP flag qualifiers are not supported. • Because this functionality forcibly marks all the packets matching the specific match criteria as ‘yellow’, Dell Networking OS does not support Policer based coloring and this feature concurrently.
tail drops. Though ECN & WRED are independent technologies, BRCM has made WRED a mandatory for ECN to work. On ECN deployment, the non-ECN packets that are transmitted on the ECN-WRED enabled interface will be considered as Green packets and will be subject to the early WRED drops. Typically the TCP-acks, OAM, ICMP ping packets will be non-ECN in nature and it is not desirable for this packets getting WRED dropped.
Similar to ‘dscp’ qualifier in the existing L3 ACL command, the ‘ecn’ qualifier can be used along with all other supported ACL match qualifiers such as SIP/DIP/TCP/UDP/SRC PORT/DST PORT/ ICMP. Until Release 9.3(0.0), ACL supports classification based on the below TCP flags: • ACK • FIN • SYN • PSH • RST • URG You can now use the ‘ecn’ match qualifier along with the above TCP flag for classification.
Sample configuration to mark non-ecn packets as “yellow” with single traffic class Consider the use case where the packet with DSCP value “40” need to be enqueued in queue#2 and packets with DSCP value as 50 need to be enqueued in queue#3. And all the packets with ecn value as ‘0’ must be marked as ‘yellow’. The above requirement can be achieved using either of the two approaches. The above requirement can be achieved using either of the two approaches.
match ip access-group dscp_40_ecn ! class-map match-any class_dscp_50 match ip access-group dscp_50_non_ecn set-color yellow match ip access-group dscp_50_ecn ! policy-map-input pmap_dscp_40_50 service-queue 2 class-map class_dscp_40 service-queue 3 class-map class_dscp_50 Applying Layer 2 Match Criteria on a Layer 3 Interface To process Layer 3 packets that contain a dot1p (IEEE 802.
To configure IP VLAN and DSCP match criteria in a Layer 3 class map, and apply the class and policy maps to a service queue: 1. Create a match-any or a match-all Layer 3 class map, depending on whether you want the packets to meet all or any of the match criteria. By default, a Layer 3 class map is created if you do not enter the layer2 option with the class-map command. When you create a class map, you enter the classmap configuration mode. CONFIGURATION mode Dell(conf)#class-map match-all pp_classmap 2.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 38 Routing information protocol (RIP) is supported on Dell Networking OS. RIP is based on a distance-vector algorithm; it tracks distances or hop counts to nearby routers when establishing network connections. RIP protocol standards are listed in the Standards Compliance chapter. Protocol Overview RIP is the oldest interior gateway protocol. There are two versions of RIP: RIP version 1 (RIPv1) and RIP version 2 (RIPv2).
Implementation Information Dell Networking OS supports both versions of RIP and allows you to configure one version globally and the other version on interfaces or both versions on the interfaces. The following table lists the defaults for RIP in Dell Networking OS. Table 43.
Enabling RIP Globally By default, RIP is not enabled in Dell Networking OS. To enable RIP globally, use the following commands. 1. Enter ROUTER RIP mode and enable the RIP process on Dell Networking OS. CONFIGURATION mode router rip 2. Assign an IP network address as a RIP network to exchange routing information.
192.162.2.0/24 [120/1] via 29.10.10.12, 00:01:21, Fa 0/0 192.162.2.0/24 auto-summary 192.161.1.0/24 [120/1] via 29.10.10.12, 00:00:27, Fa 0/0 192.161.1.0/24 auto-summary 192.162.3.0/24 [120/1] via 29.10.10.12, 00:01:22, Fa 0/0 192.162.3.0/24 auto-summary To disable RIP globally, use the no router rip command in CONFIGURATION mode. Configure RIP on Interfaces When you enable RIP globally on the system, interfaces meeting certain conditions start receiving RIP routes.
• distribute-list prefix-list-name in Assign a configured prefix list to all outgoing RIP routes. ROUTER RIP mode distribute-list prefix-list-name out To view the current RIP configuration, use the show running-config command in EXEC mode or the show config command in ROUTER RIP mode. Adding RIP Routes from Other Instances In addition to filtering routes, you can add routes from other routing instances or protocols to the RIP process.
• Set the RIP versions received on that interface. INTERFACE mode • ip rip receive version [1] [2] Set the RIP versions sent out on that interface. INTERFACE mode ip rip send version [1] [2] Examples of the RIP Process To see whether the version command is configured, use the show config command in ROUTER RIP mode. The following example shows the RIP configuration after the ROUTER RIP mode version command is set to RIPv2.
Automatic network summarization is in effect Outgoing filter for all interfaces is Incoming filter for all interfaces is Default redistribution metric is 1 Default version control: receive version 2, send version 2 Interface Recv Send FastEthernet 0/0 2 1 2 Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.
Controlling Route Metrics As a distance-vector protocol, RIP uses hop counts to determine the best route, but sometimes the shortest hop count is a route over the lowest-speed link. To manipulate RIP routes so that the routing protocol prefers a different route, manipulate the route by using the offset command. Exercise caution when applying an offset command to routers on a broadcast network, as the router using the offset command is modifying RIP advertisements before sending out those advertisements.
Dell#debug ip rip RIP protocol debug is ON Dell# To disable RIP, use the no debug ip rip command. RIP Configuration Example The examples in this section show the command sequence to configure RIPv2 on the two routers shown in the following illustration — Core 2 and Core 3. The host prompts used in the following example reflect those names.
Core 2 RIP Output The examples in the section show the core 2 RIP output. Examples of the show ip Commands to View Core 2 Information • To display Core 2 RIP database, use the show ip rip database command. • To display Core 2 RIP setup, use the show ip route command. • To display Core 2 RIP activity, use the show ip protocols command. The following example shows the show ip rip database command to view the learned RIP routes on Core 2.
The following example shows the show ip protocols command to show the RIP configuration activity on Core 2.
Examples of the show ip Commands to View Learned RIP Routes on Core 3 The following example shows the show ip rip database command to view the learned RIP routes on Core 3. Core3#show ip rip database Total number of routes in RIP database: 7 10.11.10.0/24 [120/1] via 10.11.20.2, 00:00:13, GigabitEthernet 10.200.10.0/24 [120/1] via 10.11.20.2, 00:00:13, GigabitEthernet 10.300.10.0/24 [120/1] via 10.11.20.2, 00:00:13, GigabitEthernet 10.11.20.0/24 directly connected,GigabitEthernet 10.11.30.
GigabitEthernet 3/44 2 2 GigabitEthernet 3/43 2 2 Routing for Networks: 10.11.20.0 10.11.30.0 192.168.2.0 192.168.1.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10.11.20.2 120 00:00:22 Distance: (default is 120) Core3# RIP Configuration Summary Examples of Viewing RIP Configuration on Core 2 and Core 3 The following example shows viewing the RIP configuration on Core 2. ! interface GigabitEthernet 2/11 ip address 10.11.10.1/24 no shutdown ! interface GigabitEthernet 2/31 ip address 10.11.20.
ip address 192.168.2.1/24 no shutdown ! router rip version 2 network 10.11.20.0 network 10.11.30.0 network 192.168.1.0 network 192.168.2.
Remote Monitoring (RMON) 39 Remote monitoring (RMON) is supported on Dell Networking OS. RMON is an industry-standard implementation that monitors network traffic by sharing network monitoring information. RMON provides both 32-bit and 64-bit monitoring facility and long-term statistics collection on Dell Networking Ethernet interfaces. RMON operates with the simple network management protocol (SNMP) and monitors all nodes on a local area network (LAN) segment.
• RPM Down, RPM Failover — Master and standby route processor modules (RPMs) run the RMON sampling process in the background. Therefore, when an RPM goes down, the other RPM maintains the sampled data — the new master RPM provides the same sampled data as did the old master — as long as the master RPM had been running long enough to sample all the data. NMS backs up all the long-term data collection and displays the failover downtime from the performance graph.
– owner string: (Optional) specifies an owner for the alarm, this setting is the alarmOwner object in the alarmTable of the RMON MIB. Default is a null-terminated string. Example of the rmon alarm Command To disable the alarm, use the no form of the command. The following example configures RMON alarm number 10. The alarm monitors the MIB variable 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.20.1 (ifEntry.ifOutErrors) once every 20 seconds until the alarm is disabled, and checks the rise or fall of the variable.
Configuring RMON Collection Statistics To enable RMON MIB statistics collection on an interface, use the RMON collection statistics command in INTERFACE CONFIGURATION mode. • Enable RMON MIB statistics collection. CONFIGURATION INTERFACE (config-if) mode [no] rmon collection statistics {controlEntry integer} [owner ownername] – controlEntry: specifies the RMON group of statistics using a value. – integer: a value from 1 to 65,535 that identifies the RMON Statistics Table.
The following command example enables an RMON MIB collection history group of statistics with an ID number of 20 and an owner of john, both the sampling interval and the number of buckets use their respective defaults.
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) 40 Rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) is supported on Dell Networking OS. Protocol Overview RSTP is a Layer 2 protocol — specified by IEEE 802.1w — that is essentially the same as spanning-tree protocol (STP) but provides faster convergence and interoperability with switches configured with STP and multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP). The Dell Networking OS supports three other variations of spanning tree, as shown in the following table. Table 44.
Important Points to Remember • RSTP is disabled by default. • Dell Networking OS supports only one Rapid Spanning Tree (RST) instance. • All interfaces in virtual local area networks (VLANs) and all enabled interfaces in Layer 2 mode are automatically added to the RST topology. • Adding a group of ports to a range of VLANs sends multiple messages to the rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) task, avoid using the range command.
INTERFACE mode no shutdown Example of Verifying an Interface is in Layer 2 Mode and Enabled To verify that an interface is in Layer 2 mode and enabled, use the show config command from INTERFACE mode. The bold lines indicate that the interface is in Layer 2 mode.
Figure 97. Rapid Spanning Tree Enabled Globally To view the interfaces participating in RSTP, use the show spanning-tree rstp command from EXEC privilege mode. If a physical interface is part of a port channel, only the port channel is listed in the command output. Dell#show spanning-tree rstp Root Identifier has priority 32768, Address 0001.e801.cbb4 Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15, max hops 0 Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, Address 0001.e801.
BPDU : sent 121, received 2 The port is not in the Edge port mode Port 379 (GigabitEthernet 2/3) is designated Forwarding Port path cost 20000, Port priority 128, Port Identifier 128.379 Designated root has priority 32768, address 0001.e801.cbb4 Designated bridge has priority 32768, address 0001.e801.cbb4 Designated port id is 128.
Modifying Global Parameters You can modify RSTP parameters. The root bridge sets the values for forward-delay, hello-time, and max-age and overwrites the values set on other bridges participating in the Rapid Spanning Tree group. • Forward-delay — the amount of time an interface waits in the Listening state and the Learning state before it transitions to the Forwarding state. • Hello-time — the time interval in which the bridge sends RSTP BPDUs.
NOTE: With large configurations (especially those configurations with more ports) Dell Networking recommends increasing the hello-time. The range is from 1 to 10. • The default is 2 seconds. Change the max-age parameter. PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE RSTP mode max-age seconds The range is from 6 to 40. The default is 20 seconds. To view the current values for global parameters, use the show spanning-tree rstp command from EXEC privilege mode.
To view the current values for interface parameters, use the show spanning-tree rstp command from EXEC privilege mode. Enabling SNMP Traps for Root Elections and Topology Changes To enable SNMP traps collectively, use this command. Enable SNMP traps for RSTP, MSTP, and PVST+ collectively. snmp-server enable traps xstp Influencing RSTP Root Selection RSTP determines the root bridge, but you can assign one bridge a lower priority to increase the likelihood that it is selected as the root bridge.
• If the interface to be shut down is a port channel, all the member ports are disabled in the hardware. • When you add a physical port to a port channel already in the Error Disable state, the new member port is also disabled in the hardware. • When you remove a physical port from a port channel in the Error Disable state, the error disabled state is cleared on this physical port (the physical port is enabled in the hardware).
The range is from 50 to 950 milliseconds. Example of Verifying Hello-Time Interval Dell(conf-rstp)#do show spanning-tree rstp brief Executing IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Root ID Priority 0, Address 0001.e811.2233 Root Bridge hello time 50 ms, max age 20, forward delay 15 Bridge ID Priority 0, Address 0001.e811.2233 We are the root Configured hello time 50 ms, max age 20, forward delay 15 NOTE: The hello time is encoded in BPDUs in increments of 1/256ths of a second.
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) 41 Dell Networking operating software supports Software-Defined Networking (SDN). For more information, refer to the SDN Deployment Guide.
Security 42 Security features are supported on Dell Networking OS. This chapter describes several ways to provide security to the Dell Networking system. For details about all the commands described in this chapter, refer to the Security chapter in the Dell Networking OS Command Reference Guide. AAA Accounting Accounting, authentication, and authorization (AAA) accounting is part of the AAA security model.
– system: sends accounting information of any other AAA configuration. – exec: sends accounting information when a user has logged in to EXEC mode. – command level: sends accounting of commands executed at the specified privilege level. – suppress: Do not generate accounting records for a specific type of user. – default | name: enter the name of a list of accounting methods.
CONFIG-LINE-VTY mode accounting commands 15 com15 accounting exec execAcct Example of Enabling AAA Accounting with a Named Method List Dell(config-line-vty)# accounting commands 15 com15 Dell(config-line-vty)# accounting exec execAcct Monitoring AAA Accounting Dell Networking OS does not support periodic interim accounting because the periodic command can cause heavy congestion when many users are logged in to the network. No specific show command exists for TACACS+ accounting.
Configuration Task List for AAA Authentication The following sections provide the configuration tasks. • Configure Login Authentication for Terminal Lines • Configuring AAA Authentication Login Methods • Enabling AAA Authentication For a complete list of all commands related to login authentication, refer to the Security chapter in the Dell Networking OS Command Reference Guide. Configure Login Authentication for Terminal Lines You can assign up to five authentication methods to a method list.
To view the configuration, use the show config command in LINE mode or the show runningconfig in EXEC Privilege mode. NOTE: Dell Networking recommends using the none method only as a backup. This method does not authenticate users. The none and enable methods do not work with secure shell (SSH). You can create multiple method lists and assign them to different terminal lines. Enabling AAA Authentication To enable AAA authentication, use the following command. • Enable AAA authentication.
To use local authentication for enable secret on the console, while using remote authentication on VTY lines, issue the following commands. The following example shows enabling local authentication for console and remote authentication for the VTY lines.
AAA Authorization Dell Networking OS enables AAA new-model by default. You can set authorization to be either local or remote. Different combinations of authentication and authorization yield different results. By default, Dell Networking OS sets both to local. Privilege Levels Overview Limiting access to the system is one method of protecting the system and your network. However, at times, you might need to allow others access to the router and you can limit that access to a subset of commands.
For a complete listing of all commands related to Dell Networking OS privilege levels and passwords, refer to the Security chapter in the Dell Networking OS Command Reference Guide. Configuring a Username and Password In Dell Networking OS, you can assign a specific username to limit user access to the system. To configure a username and password, use the following command. • Assign a user name and password.
In custom-configured privilege levels, the enable command is always available. No matter what privilege level you entered Dell Networking OS, you can enter the enable 15 command to access and configure all CLIs. Configuring Custom Privilege Levels In addition to assigning privilege levels to the user, you can configure the privilege levels of commands so that they are visible in different privilege levels. Within Dell Networking OS, commands have certain privilege levels.
• • • • mode: enter a keyword for the modes (exec, configure, interface, line, route-map, or router) level level: the range is from 0 to 15. Levels 0, 1, and 15 are pre-configured. Levels 2 to 14 are available for custom configuration. command: an Dell Networking OS CLI keyword (up to five keywords allowed). reset: return the command to its default privilege mode. Examples of Privilege Level Commands To view the configuration, use the show running-config command in EXEC Privilege mode.
show terminal traceroute Dell#confi Dell(conf)#? end exit no snmp-server Dell(conf)# Show running system information Set terminal line parameters Trace route to destination Exit from Configuration mode Exit from Configuration mode Reset a command Modify SNMP parameters Specifying LINE Mode Password and Privilege You can specify a password authentication of all users on different terminal lines.
Resetting a Z9000 Password To reset a password on a Z9000 system, follow these steps. 1. Connect to the Z9000 system using a console. 2. Disconnect and reconnect the power cord on the system to cycle the power. 3. During system boot, press ESC when prompted to display the Grub Menu (see Example 1). 4. During system boot, press ESC when prompted during the countdown to stop the auto-boot process (see Example 2). 5. Press C to access the Grub boot loader command line prompt. 6.
RADIUS Remote authentication dial-in user service (RADIUS) is a distributed client/server protocol. This protocol transmits authentication, authorization, and configuration information between a central RADIUS server and a RADIUS client (the Dell Networking system). The system sends user information to the RADIUS server and requests authentication of the user and password. The RADIUS server returns one of the following responses: • Access-Accept — the RADIUS server authenticates the user.
Auto-Command You can configure the system through the RADIUS server to automatically execute a command when you connect to a specific line. The auto-command command is executed when the user is authenticated and before the prompt appears to the user. • Automatically execute a command. auto-command Privilege Levels Through the RADIUS server, you can configure a privilege level for the user to enter into when they connect to a session. This value is configured on the client system. • Set a privilege level.
• Create a method list with RADIUS and TACACS+ as authorization methods. CONFIGURATION mode aaa authorization exec {method-list-name | default} radius tacacs+ Typical order of methods: RADIUS, TACACS+, Local, None. If RADIUS denies authorization, the session ends (RADIUS must not be the last method specified). Applying the Method List to Terminal Lines To enable RADIUS AAA login authentication for a method list, apply it to a terminal line.
To specify multiple RADIUS server hosts, configure the radius-server host command multiple times. If you configure multiple RADIUS server hosts, Dell Networking OS attempts to connect with them in the order in which they were configured. When Dell Networking OS attempts to authenticate a user, the software connects with the RADIUS server hosts one at a time, until a RADIUS server host responds with an accept or reject response.
Monitoring RADIUS To view information on RADIUS transactions, use the following command. • View RADIUS transactions to troubleshoot problems. EXEC Privilege mode debug radius TACACS+ Dell Networking OS supports terminal access controller access control system (TACACS+ client, including support for login authentication. Configuration Task List for TACACS+ The following list includes the configuration task for TACACS+ functions.
4. Assign the method-list to the terminal line. LINE mode login authentication {method-list-name | default} Example of a Failed Authentication To view the configuration, use the show config in LINE mode or the show running-config tacacs + command in EXEC Privilege mode. If authentication fails using the primary method, Dell Networking OS employs the second method (or third method, if necessary) automatically.
TACACS+ Remote Authentication When configuring a TACACS+ server host, you can set different communication parameters, such as the key password. Example of Specifying a TACACS+ Server Host Dell(conf)# Dell(conf)#aaa authentication login tacacsmethod tacacs+ Dell(conf)#aaa authentication exec tacacsauthorization tacacs+ Dell(conf)#tacacs-server host 25.1.1.
Command Authorization The AAA command authorization feature configures Dell Networking OS to send each configuration command to a TACACS server for authorization before it is added to the running configuration. By default, the AAA authorization commands configure the system to check both EXEC mode and CONFIGURATION mode commands. Use the no aaa authorization config-commands command to enable only EXEC mode command checking.
• ip ssh server version {1|2} Display SSH connection information. EXEC Privilege mode show ip ssh Specifying an SSH Version The following example uses the ip ssh server version 2 command to enable SSH version 2 and the show ip ssh command to confirm the setting. Dell(conf)#ip ssh server version 2 Dell(conf)#do show ip ssh SSH server : disabled. SSH server version : v2. Password Authentication : enabled. Hostbased Authentication : disabled. RSA Authentication : disabled.
• • • • • • • • • • • ip ssh hostbased-authentication enable: enable host-based authentication for the SSHv2 server. ip ssh key-size: configure the size of the server-generated RSA SSHv1 key. ip ssh password-authentication enable: enable password authentication for the SSH server. ip ssh pub-key-file: specify the file the host-based authentication uses. ip ssh rhostsfile: specify the rhost file the host-based authorization uses.
The following example configures the time-based rekey threshold for an SSH session to 30 minutes. Dell(conf)#ip ssh rekey time 30 The following example configures the volume-based rekey threshold for an SSH session to 4096 megabytes. Dell(conf)#ip ssh rekey volume 4096 Configuring the SSH Server Key Exchange Algorithm To configure the key exchange algorithm for the SSH server, use the ip ssh server kex keyexchange-algorithm command in CONFIGURATION mode.
• hmac-sha2-256 • hmac-sha2-256-96 The default HMAC algorithms are the following: • hmac-md5 • hmac-md5-96 • hmac-sha1 • hmac-sha1-96 • hmac-sha2-256 • hmac-sha2-256-96 When FIPS is enabled, the default HMAC algorithm is hmac-sha1-96. Example of Configuring a HMAC Algorithm The following example shows you how to configure a HMAC algorithm list.
SSH supports three methods of authentication: • Enabling SSH Authentication by Password • Using RSA Authentication of SSH • Configuring Host-Based SSH Authentication Important Points to Remember • If you enable more than one method, the order in which the methods are preferred is based on the ssh_config file on the Unix machine. • When you enable all the three authentication methods, password authentication is the backup method when the RSA method fails.
4. Enable RSA authentication in SSH. CONFIGURATION mode ip ssh rsa-authentication enable 5. Install user’s public key for RSA authentication in SSH. EXEC Privilege mode ip ssh rsa-authentication my-authorized-keys flash://public_key Example of Generating RSA Keys admin@Unix_client#ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/home/admin/.ssh/id_rsa): /home/admin/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
moduli sshd_config ssh_host_dsa_key.pub ssh_host_key.pub ssh_host_rsa_key.pub ssh_config ssh_host_dsa_key ssh_host_key ssh_host_rsa_key admin@Unix_client# cat ssh_host_rsa_key.pub ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEA8K7jLZRVfjgHJzUOmXxuIbZx/ AyWhVgJDQh39k8v3e8eQvLnHBIsqIL8jVy1QHhUeb7GaDlJVEDAMz30myqQbJgXBBRTWgBpLWwL/ doyUXFufjiL9YmoVTkbKcFmxJEMkE3JyHanEi7hg34LChjk9hL1by8cYZP2kYS2lnSyQWk= admin@Unix_client# ls id_rsa id_rsa.pub shosts admin@Unix_client# cat shosts 10.16.127.
If the IP address in the RSA key does not match the IP address from which you attempt to log in, the following message appears. In this case, verify that the name and IP address of the client is contained in the file /etc/hosts: RSA Authentication Error. Telnet To use Telnet with SSH, first enable SSH, as previously described. By default, the Telnet daemon is enabled. If you want to disable the Telnet daemon, use the following command, or disable Telnet in the startup config.
Configure local authentication globally and configure access classes on a per-user basis. Dell Networking OS can assign different access classes to different users by username. Until users attempt to log in, Dell Networking OS does not know if they will be assigned a VTY line. This means that incoming users always see a login prompt even if you have excluded them from the VTY line with a denyall access class.
VTY MAC-SA Filter Support Dell Networking OS supports MAC access lists which permit or deny users based on their source MAC address. With this approach, you can implement a security policy based on the source MAC address. To apply a MAC ACL on a VTY line, use the same access-class command as IP ACLs. The following example shows how to deny incoming connections from subnet 10.0.0.0 without displaying a login prompt.
• Display Role Permissions Assigned to a Command Overview of RBAC With Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), access and authorization is controlled based on a user’s role. Users are granted permissions based on their user roles, not on their individual user ID. User roles are created for job functions and through those roles they acquire the permissions to perform their associated job function. Each user can be assigned only a single role. Many users can have the same role.
1. Locally define a system administrator user role. This will give you access to login with full permissions even if network connectivity to remote authentication servers is not available. 2. Configure login authentication on the console. This ensures that all users are properly identified through authentication no matter the access point. If you do not configure login the authentication on the console, the system displays an error when you attempt to enable role-based only AAA authorization. 3.
System-Defined RBAC User Roles By default, the Dell Networking OS provides 4 system defined user roles. You can create up to 8 additional user roles. NOTE: You cannot delete any system defined roles. The system defined user roles are as follows: • Network Operator (netoperator) - This user role has no privilege to modify any configuration on the switch. You can access Exec mode (monitoring) to view the current configuration and status information.
then restrict commands or add commands to that role. For more information about this topic, see Modifying Command Permissions for Roles. NOTE: You can change user role permissions on system pre-defined user roles or user-defined user roles. Important Points to Remember Consider the following when creating a user role: • Only the system administrator and user-defined roles inherited from the system administrator can create roles and user names.
myrole secadmin Exec Config Line Modifying Command Permissions for Roles You can modify (add or delete) command permissions for newly created user roles and system defined roles using the role mode { { { addrole | deleterole } role-name } | reset } command command in Configuration mode. NOTE: You cannot modify system administrator command permissions. If you add or delete command permissions using the role command, those changes only apply to the specific user role.
Example: Allow Security Administrator to Access Only 10-Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces The following example allows the security administrator (secadmin) to only access 10-Gigabit Ethernett interfaces and then shows that the secadmin, highlighted in bold, can now access Interface mode. However, the secadmin can only access 10-Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.
The following example resets only the secadmin role to its original setting. Dell(conf)#no role configure addrole secadmin protocol Example: Reset System-Defined Roles and Roles that Inherit Permissions In the following example the command protocol permissions are reset to their original setting or one or more of the system-defined roles and any roles that inherited permissions from them.
NOTE: Authentication services only validate the user ID and password combination. To determine which commands are permitted for users, configure authorization. For information about how to configure authorization for roles, see Configure AAA Authorization for Roles. To configure AAA authentication, use the aaa authentication command in CONFIGURATION mode.
NOTE: Note that the methods were not applied to the console so the default methods (if configured) are applied there.
Example for Configuring a VSA Attribute for a Privilege Level 15 The following example configures an AV pair which allows a user to login from a network access server with a privilege level of 15, to have access to EXEC commands. The format to create a Dell Network OS AV pair for privilege level is shell:priv-lvl= where number is a value between 0 and 15.
Applying an Accounting Method to a Role To apply an accounting method list to a role executed by a user with that user role, use the accounting command in LINE mode. accounting {exec | commands {level | role role-name}} method-list Example of Applying an Accounting Method to a Role The following example applies the accounting default method to the user role secadmin (security administrator).
Protocol MAC testadmin netadmin Protocol MAC Exec Config Interface Line Router IP Routemap Displaying Role Permissions Assigned to a Command To display permissions assigned to a command, use the show role command in EXEC Privilege mode. The output displays the user role and or permission level.
Service Provider Bridging 43 Service provider bridging is supported on Dell Networking OS. VLAN Stacking Virtual local area network (VLAN) stacking is supported on the Z9000 platform. VLAN stacking, also called Q-in-Q, is defined in IEEE 802.1ad — Provider Bridges, which is an amendment to IEEE 802.1Q — Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks. It enables service providers to use 802.
Figure 98. VLAN Stacking in a Service Provider Network Important Points to Remember • Interfaces that are members of the Default VLAN and are configured as VLAN-Stack access or trunk ports do not switch untagged traffic. To switch traffic, add these interfaces to a non-default VLANStack-enabled VLAN. • Dell Networking cautions against using the same MAC address on different customer VLANs, on the same VLAN-Stack VLAN.
Configure VLAN Stacking Configuring VLAN-Stacking is a three-step process. 1. Creating Access and Trunk Ports 2. Assign access and trunk ports to a VLAN (Creating Access and Trunk Ports). 3. Enabling VLAN-Stacking for a VLAN.
interface GigabitEthernet 7/12 no ip address switchport vlan-stack trunk no shutdown Enable VLAN-Stacking for a VLAN To enable VLAN-Stacking for a VLAN, use the following command. • Enable VLAN-Stacking for the VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode vlan-stack compatible Example of Viewing VLAN Stack Member Status To display the status and members of a VLAN, use the show vlan command from EXEC Privilege mode. Members of a VLAN-Stacking-enabled VLAN are marked with an M in column Q.
To configure trunk ports, use the following commands. 1. Configure a trunk port to carry untagged, single-tagged, and double-tagged traffic by making it a hybrid port. INTERFACE mode portmode hybrid 2. Add the port to a 802.1Q VLAN as tagged or untagged.
• MT — stacked trunk • MU — stacked access port • T — 802.1Q trunk port • U — 802.1Q access port • NU — Native VLAN (untagged) Dell# debug member vlan 603 vlan id : 603 ports : Gi 2/47 (MT), Gi 3/1(MU), Gi 3/25(MT), Gi 3/26(MT), Gi 3/27(MU) Dell#debug member port gigabitethernet 2/47 vlan id : 603 (MT), 100(T), 101(NU) Dell# VLAN Stacking in Multi-Vendor Networks The first field in the VLAN tag is the tag protocol identifier (TPID), which is 2 bytes.
Figure 99.
Figure 100.
Figure 101. Single and Double-Tag TPID Mismatch VLAN Stacking Packet Drop Precedence VLAN stacking packet drop precedence is available on the Z9000 platform. The drop eligible indicator (DEI) bit in the S-Tag indicates to a service provider bridge which packets it should prefer to drop when congested. Enabling Drop Eligibility Enable drop eligibility globally before you can honor or mark the DEI value. When you enable drop eligibility, DEI mapping or marking takes place according to the defaults.
Table 47. Drop Eligibility Behavior Ingress Egress DEI Disabled DEI Enabled Normal Port Normal Port Retain CFI Set CFI to 0. Trunk Port Trunk Port Retain inner tag CFI Retain inner tag CFI. Retain outer tag CFI Set outer tag CFI to 0. Retain inner tag CFI Retain inner tag CFI Set outer tag CFI to 0 Set outer tag CFI to 0 Access Port Trunk Port To enable drop eligibility globally, use the following command. • Make packets eligible for dropping based on their DEI value.
Marking Egress Packets with a DEI Value On egress, you can set the DEI value according to a different mapping than ingress. For ingress information, refer to Honoring the Incoming DEI Value. To mark egress packets, use the following command. • Set the DEI value on egress according to the color currently assigned to the packet.
• • Mark the S-Tag dot1p and queue the frame according to the original C-Tag dot1p. In this case, you must have other dot1p QoS configurations; this option is classic dot1p marking. Mark the S-Tag dot1p and queue the frame according to the S-Tag dot1p. For example, if frames with C-Tag dot1p values 0, 6, and 7 are mapped to an S-Tag dot1p value 0, all such frames are sent to the queue associated with the S-Tag 802.1p value 0.
service-policy input in layer2 no shutdown Mapping C-Tag to S-Tag dot1p Values To map C-Tag dot1p values to S-Tag dot1p values and mark the frames accordingly, use the following commands. 1. Allocate CAM space to enable queuing frames according to the C-Tag or the S-Tag.
Figure 103. VLAN Stacking without L2PT You might need to transport control traffic transparently through the intermediate network to the other region. Layer 2 protocol tunneling enables BPDUs to traverse the intermediate network by identifying frames with the Bridge Group Address, rewriting the destination MAC to a user-configured non-reserved address, and forwarding the frames.
the intermediate network because only Dell Networking OS could recognize the significance of the destination MAC address and rewrite it to the original Bridge Group Address. In Dell Networking OS version 8.2.1.0 and later, the L2PT MAC address is user-configurable, so you can specify an address that non-Dell Networking systems can recognize and rewrite the address at egress edge. Figure 104. VLAN Stacking with L2PT Implementation Information • L2PT is available for STP, RSTP, MSTP, and PVST+ BPDUs.
Enabling Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling To enable Layer 2 protocol tunneling, use the following command. 1. Verify that the system is running the default CAM profile. Use this CAM profile for L2PT. EXEC Privilege mode show cam-profile 2. Enable protocol tunneling globally on the system. CONFIGURATION mode protocol-tunnel enable 3. Tunnel BPDUs the VLAN.
4. Set a maximum rate at which the RPM processes BPDUs for L2PT. VLAN STACKING mode protocol-tunnel rate-limit The default is: no rate limiting. The range is from 64 to 320 kbps. Debugging Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling To debug Layer 2 protocol tunneling, use the following command. • Display debugging information for L2PT. EXEC Privilege mode debug protocol-tunnel Provider Backbone Bridging IEEE 802.1ad—Provider Bridges amends 802.
sFlow 44 Configuring sFlow is supported on Dell Networking OS. Overview The Dell Networking Operating System (OS) supports sFlow version 5. sFlow is a standard-based sampling technology embedded within switches and routers which is used to monitor network traffic. It is designed to provide traffic monitoring for high-speed networks with many switches and routers. sFlow uses two types of sampling: • Statistical packet-based sampling of switched or routed packet flows.
Important Points to Remember • The Dell Networking OS implementation of the sFlow MIB supports sFlow configuration via snmpset. • By default, sFlow collection is supported only on data ports. If you want to enable sFlow collection through management ports, use the management egress-interface-selection and application sflow-collector commands in Configuration and EIS modes respectively. • Dell Networking OS exports all sFlow packets to the collector.
165 sFlow samples collected 69 sFlow samples dropped due to sub-sampling Linecard 1 Port set 0 H/W sampling rate 8192 Gi 1/16: configured rate 8192, actual rate 8192, sub-sampling rate 1 Gi 1/17: configured rate 16384, actual rate 16384, sub-sampling rate 2 Linecard 3 Port set 1 H/W sampling rate 16384 Gi 3/40: configured rate 16384, actual rate 16384, sub-sampling rate 1 If you did not enable any extended information, the show output displays the following (shown in bold).
Dell#show sflow sFlow services are enabled Global default sampling rate: 32768 Global default counter polling interval: 20 1 collectors configured Collector IP addr: 133.33.33.53, Agent IP addr: 133.33.33.
Example of Viewing sFlow Configuration (Line Card) Dell#show sflow stack-unit 1 stack-unit 1 Samples rcvd from h/w :165 Samples dropped for sub-sampling :69 Total UDP packets exported :77 UDP packets exported via RPM :77 UDP packets dropped : Configuring Specify Collectors The sflow collector command allows identification of sFlow collectors to which sFlow datagrams are forwarded. You can specify up to two sFlow collectors. If you specify two collectors, the samples are sent to both.
As a result of back-off, the actual sampling-rate of an interface may differ from its configured sampling rate. You can view the actual sampling-rate of the interface and the configured sample-rate by using the show sflow command. sFlow on LAG ports When a physical port becomes a member of a LAG, it inherits the sFlow configuration from the LAG port. Enabling Extended sFlow The S-Series platforms support extended-switch information processing only.
0 0 0 0 UDP packets exported UDP packets dropped sFlow samples collected sFlow samples dropped due to sub-sampling Important Points to Remember • To export extended-gateway data, BGP must learn the IP destination address. • If the IP destination address is not learned via BGP the Dell Networking system does not export extended-gateway data. • If the IP source address is learned via IGP, srcAS and srcPeerAS are zero.
IP SA IP DA srcAS and srcPeerAS dstAS and dstPeerAS Description where is source is reachable over ECMP. BGP sFlow BGP Exported Exported Extended gateway data is packed.
45 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Simple network management protocol (SNMP) is supported on Dell Networking OS. NOTE: On Dell Networking routers, standard and private SNMP management information bases (MIBs) are supported, including all Get and a limited number of Set operations (such as set vlan and copy cmd). Protocol Overview Network management stations use SNMP to retrieve or alter management data from network elements.
The SNMPv3 feature also uses a FIPS-validated cryptographic module for all of its cryptographic operations when the system is configured with the fips mode enable command in Global Configuration mode. When the FIPS mode is enabled on the system, SNMPv3 operates in a FIPScompliant manner, and only the FIPS-approved algorithm options are available for SNMPv3 user configuration. When the FIPS mode is disabled on the system, all options are available for SNMPv3 user configuration.
Configuration Task List for SNMP Configuring SNMP version 1 or version 2 requires a single step. NOTE: The configurations in this chapter use a UNIX environment with net-snmp version 5.4. This environment is only one of many RFC-compliant SNMP utilities you can use to manage your Dell Networking system using SNMP. Also, these configurations use SNMP version 2c. • Creating a Community Configuring SNMP version 3 requires configuring SNMP users in one of three methods.
Creating a Community For SNMPv1 and SNMPv2, create a community to enable the community-based security in Dell Networking OS. The management station generates requests to either retrieve or alter the value of a management object and is called the SNMP manager. A network element that processes SNMP requests is called an SNMP agent. An SNMP community is a group of SNMP agents and managers that are allowed to interact.
• snmp-server group group-name 3 noauth auth read name write name Configure an SNMPv3 view. CONFIGURATION mode snmp-server view view-name oid-tree {included | excluded} NOTE: To give a user read and write view privileges, repeat this step for each privilege type. • Configure the user with an authorization password (password privileges only). CONFIGURATION mode • snmp-server user name group-name 3 noauth auth md5 auth-password Configure an SNMP group (password privileges only).
• Read the value of a single managed object. • snmpget -v version -c community agent-ip {identifier.instance | descriptor.instance} Read the value of the managed object directly below the specified object. • snmpgetnext -v version -c community agent-ip {identifier.instance | descriptor.instance} Read the value of many objects at once. snmpwalk -v version -c community agent-ip {identifier.instance | descriptor.
Configuring Contact and Location Information using SNMP You may configure system contact and location information from the Dell Networking system or from the management station using SNMP. To configure system contact and location information from the Dell Networking system and from the management station using SNMP, use the following commands. • (From a Dell Networking system) Identify the system manager along with this person’s contact information (for example, an email address or phone number).
Subscribing to Managed Object Value Updates using SNMP By default, the Dell Networking system displays some unsolicited SNMP messages (traps) upon certain events and conditions. You can also configure the system to send the traps to a management station. Traps cannot be saved on the system. Dell Networking OS supports the following three sets of traps: • • • RFC 1157-defined traps — coldStart, warmStart, linkDown, linkUp, authenticationFailure, and egpNeighbborLoss.
snmp coldstart snmp linkdown snmp linkup SNMP_COLD_START: Agent Initialized - SNMP COLD_START. SNMP_WARM_START:Agent Initialized - SNMP WARM_START. PORT_LINKDN:changed interface state to down:%d PORT_LINKUP:changed interface state to up:%d Enabling a Subset of SNMP Traps You can enable a subset of Dell Networking enterprise-specific SNMP traps using one of the following listed command options. To enable a subset of Dell Networking enterprise-specific SNMP traps, use the following command.
envmon fan FAN_TRAY_BAD: Major alarm: fantray %d is missing or down FAN_TRAY_OK: Major alarm cleared: fan tray %d present FAN_BAD: Minor alarm: some fans in fan tray %d are down FAN_OK: Minor alarm cleared: all fans in fan tray %d are good vlt Enable VLT traps. vrrp Enable VRRP state change traps xstp %SPANMGR-5-STP_NEW_ROOT: New Spanning Tree Root, Bridge ID Priority 32768, Address 0001.e801.fc35.
SNMP OID %RPM0-P:CP %SNMP-4-RMON_HC_RISING_THRESHOLD: threshold alarm from SNMP OID STACKUNIT0 high-capacity rising Copy Configuration Files Using SNMP To do the following, use SNMP from a remote client. • copy the running-config file to the startup-config file • copy configuration files from the Dell Networking system to a server • copy configuration files from a server to the Dell Networking system You can perform all of these tasks using IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.
MIB Object OID Object Values Description copySrcFileName is not required. copyDestFileType . 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.5.1.1.1. 1.5 1 = Dell Networking OS file Specifies the type of file to copy to. 2 = running-config • 3 = startup-config • copyDestFileLocation . 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.5.1.1.1. 1.6 1 = flash 2 = slot0 If copySourceFileType is running-config or startup-config, the default copyDestFileLocatio n is flash.
Copying a Configuration File To copy a configuration file, use the following commands. NOTE: In UNIX, enter the snmpset command for help using the following commands. Place the f10-copy-config.mib file in the directory from which you are executing the snmpset command or in the snmpset tool path. 1. Create an SNMP community string with read/write privileges. CONFIGURATION mode snmp-server community community-name rw 2. Copy the f10-copy-config.
• Copy the running-config to the startup-config from the UNIX machine. snmpset -v 2c -c public force10system-ip-address copySrcFileType.index i 2 copyDestFileType.index i 3 Examples of Copying Configuration Files The following examples show the command syntax using MIB object names and the same command using the object OIDs. In both cases, a unique index number follows the object. The following example shows copying configuration files using MIB object names. > snmpset -v 2c -r 0 -t 60 -c private -m .
copyUserName.index s server-login-id copyUserPassword.index s server-loginpassword • precede server-ip-address by the keyword a. • precede the values for copyUsername and copyUserPassword by the keyword s. Example of Copying Configuration Files via FTP From a UNIX Machine > snmpset -v 2c -c private -m ./f10-copy-config.mib 10.10.10.10 copySrcFileType. 110 i 2 copyDestFileName.110 s /home/startup-config copyDestFileLocation.110 i 4 copyServerAddress.110 a 11.11.11.11 copyUserName.
myfilename copyServerAddress.10 a 172.16.1.56 copyUserName.10 s mylogin copyUserPassword. 10 s mypass Additional MIB Objects to View Copy Statistics Dell Networking provides more MIB objects to view copy statistics, as shown in the following table. Table 50. Additional MIB Objects for Copying Configuration Files via SNMP MIB Object OID Values Description copyState . 1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.5.1.1.1. 1.11 1= running Specifies the state of the copy operation. 2 = successful 3 = failed copyTimeStarted .
index: the index value used in the snmpset command used to complete the copy operation. NOTE: You can use the entire OID rather than the object name. Use the form: OID.index. Examples of Getting MIB Object Values The following examples show the snmpget command to obtain a MIB object value. These examples assume that: • the server OS is UNIX • you are using SNMP version 2c • the community name is public • the file f10-copy-config.
snmpget -v2c -c public 192.168.60.120 .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.10.1.2.9.1.6.1 enterprises.6027.3.10.1.2.9.1.5.1 = Gauge32: 24 The output above displays that 24% of the flash memory is used. MIB Support to Display the Software Core Files Generated by the System Dell Networking provides MIB objects to display the software core files generated by the system. The chSysSwCoresTable contains the list of software core files generated by the system. The following table lists the related MIB objects. Table 52.
f10cp_vrrp_140522124357_Stk1.acore.gz" enterprises.6027.3.10.1.2.10.1.2.2.1 = "/CORE_DUMP_DIR/FTP_STK_MEMBER/f10cp_sysd_140617134445_Stk0.acore.gz" enterprises.6027.3.10.1.2.10.1.3.1.1 = "Fri Mar 14 11:51:46 2014" enterprises.6027.3.10.1.2.10.1.3.1.2 = "Fri Nov 8 08:11:16 2013" enterprises.6027.3.10.1.2.10.1.3.1.3 = "Fri May 23 05:05:16 2014" enterprises.6027.3.10.1.2.10.1.3.2.1 = "Tue Jun 17 14:19:26 2014" enterprises.6027.3.10.1.2.10.1.4.1.1 = 0 enterprises.6027.3.10.1.2.10.1.4.1.2 = 1 enterprises.6027.3.
Displaying the Ports in a VLAN Dell Networking OS identifies VLAN interfaces using an interface index number that is displayed in the output of the show interface vlan command. Add Tagged and Untagged Ports to a VLAN The value dot1qVlanStaticEgressPorts object is an array of all VLAN members. The dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts object is an array of only untagged VLAN members. All VLAN members that are not in dot1qVlanStaticUntaggedPorts are tagged.
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.17.7.1.4.3.1.4.
snmpset with descriptor: snmpset -v version -c community agent-ip ifAdminStatus.ifindex i {1 | 2} snmpset with OID: snmpset -v version -c community agent-ip . 1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.7.ifindex i {1 | 2} Choose integer 1 to change the admin status to Up, or 2 to change the admin status to Down. Fetch Dynamic MAC Entries using SNMP Dell Networking supports the RFC 1493 dot1d table for the default VLAN and the dot1q table for all other VLANs. NOTE: The 802.1q Q-BRIDGE MIB defines VLANs regarding 802.1d, as 802.
1 00:01:e8:06:95:ac Dynamic TeGi 1/21 Active ----------------Query from Management Station--------------------->snmpwalk -v 2c -c techpubs 10.11.131.162 .1.3.6.1.2.1.17.4.3.1 SNMPv2-SMI::mib-2.17.4.3.1.1.0.1.232.6.149.172 = Hex-STRING: 00 01 E8 06 95 AC Example of Fetching MAC Addresses Learned on a Non-default VLAN Using SNMP In the following example, GigabitEthernet 1/21 is moved to VLAN 1000, a non-default VLAN. To fetch the MAC addresses learned on non-default VLANs, use the object dot1qTpFdbTable.
type of interface by a 0 bit, and the unused bit is always 0. These 2 bits are not given because they are the most significant bits, and leading zeros are often omitted. To display the interface number, use the following command. • Display the interface index number.
dot3aCommonAggFdbVlanId SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.2.1.1.6.1.2.1107755009.1 = INTEGER: 1 dot3aCommonAggFdbTagConfig SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.2.1.1.6.1.3.1107755009.1 = INTEGER: 2 (Tagged 1 or Untagged 2) dot3aCommonAggFdbStatus SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.6027.3.2.1.1.6.1.4.1107755009.1 = INTEGER: 1 << Status active, 2 – status inactive Example of Viewing Status of Learned MAC Addresses If we learn MAC addresses for the LAG, status is shown for those as well. dot3aCurAggVlanId SNMPv2-SMI::enterprises.
• When you query an icmpStatsInErrors object in the icmpStats table by using the snmpget or snmpwalk command, the output for IPv4 addresses may be incorrectly displayed. To correctly display this information under IP and ICMP statistics, use the show ip traffic command. • When you query an IPv4 icmpMsgStatsInPkts object in the ICMP table by using the snmpwalk command, the echo response output may not be displayed.
46 Storm Control Storm control is supported on Dell Networking OS. The storm control feature allows you to control unknown-unicast and broadcast traffic on Layer 2 and Layer 3 physical interfaces. Dell Networking Operating System (OS) Behavior: Dell Networking OS supports broadcast control (the storm-control broadcast command) for Layer 2 and Layer 3 traffic. Configure Storm Control Storm control is supported in INTERFACE mode and CONFIGURATION mode.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 47 The spanning tree protocol (STP) is supported on Dell Networking OS. Protocol Overview STP is a Layer 2 protocol — specified by IEEE 802.1d — that eliminates loops in a bridged topology by enabling only a single path through the network. By eliminating loops, the protocol improves scalability in a large network and allows you to implement redundant paths, which can be activated after the failure of active paths.
Important Points to Remember • • • • • STP is disabled by default. The Dell Networking OS supports only one spanning tree instance (0). For multiple instances, enable the multiple spanning tree protocol (MSTP) or per-VLAN spanning tree plus (PVST+). You may only enable one flavor of spanning tree at any one time. All ports in virtual local area networks (VLANs) and all enabled interfaces in Layer 2 mode are automatically added to the spanning tree topology at the time you enable the protocol.
To configure and enable the interfaces for Layer 2, use the following command. 1. If the interface has been assigned an IP address, remove it. INTERFACE mode no ip address 2. Place the interface in Layer 2 mode. INTERFACE switchport 3. Enable the interface. INTERFACE mode no shutdown Example of the show config Command To verify that an interface is in Layer 2 mode and enabled, use the show config command from INTERFACE mode.
Figure 106. Spanning Tree Enabled Globally To enable STP globally, use the following commands. 1. Enter PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE mode. CONFIGURATION mode protocol spanning-tree 0 2. Enable STP. PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE mode no disable Examples of Verifying Spanning Tree Information To disable STP globally for all Layer 2 interfaces, use the disable command from PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE mode. To verify that STP is enabled, use the show config command from PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE mode.
To view the spanning tree configuration and the interfaces that are participating in STP, use the show spanning-tree 0 command from EXEC privilege mode. If a physical interface is part of a port channel, only the port channel is listed in the command output. R2#show spanning-tree 0 Executing IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Bridge Identifier has priority 32768, address 0001.e826.ddb7 Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Current root has priority 32768, address 0001.e80d.
spanning-tree 0 Modifying Global Parameters You can modify the spanning tree parameters. The root bridge sets the values for forward-delay, hellotime, and max-age and overwrites the values set on other bridges participating in STP. NOTE: Dell Networking recommends that only experienced network administrators change the spanning tree parameters. Poorly planned modification of the spanning tree parameters can negatively affect network performance. The following table displays the default values for STP.
PROTOCOL SPANNING TREE mode max-age seconds The range is from 6 to 40. The default is 20 seconds. To view the current values for global parameters, use the show spanning-tree 0 command from EXEC privilege mode. Refer to the second example in Enabling Spanning Tree Protocol Globally. Modifying Interface STP Parameters You can set the port cost and port priority values of interfaces in Layer 2 mode. • Port cost — a value that is based on the interface type.
CAUTION: Enable PortFast only on links connecting to an end station. PortFast can cause loops if it is enabled on an interface connected to a network. To enable PortFast on an interface, use the following command. • Enable PortFast on an interface.
• When you add a physical port to a port channel already in the Error Disable state, the new member port is also disabled in the hardware. • When you remove a physical port from a port channel in the Error Disable state, the Error Disabled state is cleared on this physical port (the physical port is enabled in the hardware). • The reset linecard command does not clear the Error Disabled state of the port or the Hardware Disabled state. The interface continues to be disables in the hardware.
• disables spanning tree on an interface • drops all BPDUs at the line card without generating a console message Example of Blocked BPDUs Dell(conf-if-gi-0/7)#do show spanning-tree rstp brief Executing IEEE compatible Spanning Tree Protocol Root ID Priority 32768, Address 0001.e805.fb07 Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Bridge ID Priority 32768, Address 0001.e85d.0e90 Configured hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Interface Name PortID Prio ---------- -------Gi 0/6 128.
Root Bridge hello time 2, max age 20, forward delay 15 Dell# STP Root Guard STP root guard is supported on the platform. Use the STP root guard feature in a Layer 2 network to avoid bridging loops. In STP, the switch in the network with the lowest priority (as determined by STP or set with the bridge-priority command) is selected as the root bridge. If two switches have the same priority, the switch with the lower MAC address is selected as the root.
Figure 108. STP Root Guard Prevents Bridging Loops Configuring Root Guard Enable STP root guard on a per-port or per-port-channel basis. Dell Networking OS Behavior: The following conditions apply to a port enabled with STP root guard: • Root guard is supported on any STP-enabled port or port-channel interface except when used as a stacking port.
• Enable root guard on a port or port-channel interface. INTERFACE mode or INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode spanning-tree {0 | mstp | rstp | pvst} rootguard – 0: enables root guard on an STP-enabled port assigned to instance 0. – mstp: enables root guard on an MSTP-enabled port. – rstp: enables root guard on an RSTP-enabled port. – pvst: enables root guard on a PVST-enabled port.
STP Loop Guard STP loop guard is supported only on the platform. The STP loop guard feature provides protection against Layer 2 forwarding loops (STP loops) caused by a hardware failure, such as a cable failure or an interface fault. When a cable or interface fails, a participating STP link may become unidirectional (STP requires links to be bidirectional) and an STP port does not receive BPDUs. When an STP blocking port does not receive BPDUs, it transitions to a Forwarding state.
Figure 109. STP Loop Guard Prevents Forwarding Loops Configuring Loop Guard Enable STP loop guard on a per-port or per-port channel basis. Dell Networking OS Behavior: The following conditions apply to a port enabled with loop guard: • Loop guard is supported on any STP-enabled port or port-channel interface.
• You cannot enable root guard and loop guard at the same time on an STP port. For example, if you configure loop guard on a port on which root guard is already configured, the following error message is displayed: % Error: RootGuard is configured. Cannot configure LoopGuard. • Enabling Portfast BPDU guard and loop guard at the same time on a port results in a port that remains in a blocking state and prevents traffic from flowing through it.
System Time and Date 48 System time and date settings and the network time protocol (NTP) are supported on Dell Networking OS. You can set system times and dates and maintained through the NTP. They are also set through the Dell Networking Operating System (OS) command line interfaces (CLIs) and hardware settings. Network Time Protocol The network time protocol (NTP) synchronizes timekeeping among a set of distributed time servers and clients.
Information included in the NTP message allows the client to determine the server time regarding local time and adjust the local clock accordingly. In addition, the message includes information to calculate the expected timekeeping accuracy and reliability, as well as select the best from possibly several servers.
Configure the Network Time Protocol Configuring NTP is a one-step process. • Enabling NTP Related Configuration Tasks • Configuring NTP Broadcasts • Disabling NTP on an Interface • Configuring a Source IP Address for NTP Packets (optional) Enabling NTP NTP is disabled by default. To enable NTP, specify an NTP server to which the Dell Networking system synchronizes. To specify multiple servers, enter the command multiple times.
Example of Configuring NTP Broadcasts 2w1d11h : NTP: Maximum Slew:-0.000470, Remainder = -0.496884 Disabling NTP on an Interface By default, NTP is enabled on all active interfaces. If you disable NTP on an interface, Dell Networking OS drops any NTP packets sent to that interface. To disable NTP on an interface, use the following command. • Disable NTP on the interface. INTERFACE mode ntp disable To view whether NTP is configured on the interface, use the show config command in INTERFACE mode.
Dell Networking OS Behavior: Dell Networking OS uses an encryption algorithm to store the authentication key that is different from previous Dell Networking OS versions; Dell Networking OS uses data encryption standard (DES) encryption to store the key in the startup-config when you enter the ntp authentication-key command.
ntp master To configure the ntp master enter the stratum number to identify the NTP Server’s hierarchy. Examples of Configuring and Viewing an NTP Configuration The following example shows configuring an NTP server. R6_E300(conf)#1w6d23h : NTP: xmit packet to 192.168.1.1: leap 0, mode 3, version 3, stratum 2, ppoll 1024 rtdel 0219 (8.193970), rtdsp AF928 (10973.266602), refid C0A80101 (192.168.1.1) ref CD7F4F63.6BE8F000 (14:51:15.421 UTC Thu Apr 2 2009) org CD7F4F63.68000000 (14:51:15.
NOTE: • Leap Indicator (sys.leap, peer.leap, pkt.leap) — This is a two-bit code warning of an impending leap second to be inserted in the NTP time scale. The bits are set before 23:59 on the day of insertion and reset after 00:00 on the following day. This causes the number of seconds (rollover interval) in the day of insertion to be increased or decreased by one.
Dell Networking OS Time and Date You can set the time and date using the Dell Networking OS CLI. Configuration Task List The following is a configuration task list for configuring the time and date settings.
– timezone-name: enter the name of the timezone. Do not use spaces. – offset: enter one of the following: * a number from 1 to 23 as the number of hours in addition to UTC for the timezone. * a minus sign (-) then a number from 1 to 23 as the number of hours.
00:00:00 pacific Sat Nov 7 2009" Setting Recurring Daylight Saving Time Set a date (and time zone) on which to convert the switch to daylight saving time on a specific day every year. If you have already set daylight saving for a one-time setting, you can set that date and time as the recurring setting with the clock summer-time time-zone recurring command. To set a recurring daylight saving time, use the following command.
Examples of the clock summer-time recurring Command The following example shows the clock summer-time recurring command.
Tunneling 49 Tunnel interfaces create a logical tunnel for IPv4 or IPv6 traffic. Tunneling supports RFC 2003, RFC 2473, and 4213. DSCP, hop-limits, flow label values, OSPFv2, and OSPFv3 are also supported. ICMP error relay, PATH MTU transmission, and fragmented packets are not supported. Configuring a Tunnel You can configure a tunnel in IPv6 mode, IPv6IP mode, and IPIP mode. You can configure a tunnel in IPv6 mode, IPv6IP mode, and IPIP mode.
interface Tunnel 2 no ip address ipv6 address 2::1/64 tunnel destination 90.1.1.1 tunnel source 60.1.1.1 tunnel mode ipv6ip no shutdown The following sample configuration shows a tunnel configured in IPIP mode (IPv4 tunnel carries IPv4 and IPv6 traffic): Dell(conf)#interface tunnel 3 Dell(conf-if-tu-3)#tunnel source 5::5 Dell(conf-if-tu-3)#tunnel destination 8::9 Dell(conf-if-tu-3)#tunnel mode ipv6 Dell(conf-if-tu-3)#ip address 3.1.1.
Configuring a Tunnel Interface You can configure the tunnel interface using the ip unnumbered and ipv6 unnumbered commands. To configure the tunnel interface to operate without a unique explicit ip or ipv6 address, select the interface from which the tunnel will borrow its address. The following sample configuration shows how to use the tunnel interface configuration commands. Dell(conf-if-te-0/0)#show config ! interface TenGigabitEthernet 0/0 ip address 20.1.1.
Configuring Tunnel source anylocal Decapsulation The tunnel source anylocal command allows a multipoint receive-only tunnel to decapsulate tunnel packets addressed to any IPv4 or IPv6 (depending on the tunnel mode) address configured on the switch that is operationally UP. The source anylocal parameters can be used for packet decapsulation instead of the ip address or interface (tunnel allow-remote command), but only on multipoint receive-only mode tunnels.
Multipoint Receive-Only Type and IP Unnumbered Interfaces for Tunnels Multipoint receive-only type IP Tunnel is now supported in Z9000 platform. This is a new type of tunnel that is expected to only decapsulate packets from remote end points but never forwards packets on the tunnel. Additional level of protection on the receive-only type IP tunnels is available by allowing only a given prefix/range of remote peers. IP unnumbered interface address configuration on the IP Tunnels is now supported.
Upgrade Procedures 50 To find the upgrade procedures, go to the Dell Networking OS Release Notes for your system type to see all the requirements needed to upgrade to the desired Dell Networking OS version. To upgrade your system type, follow the procedures in the Dell Networking OS Release Notes. Get Help with Upgrades Direct any questions or concerns about the Dell Networking OS upgrade procedures to the Dell Technical Support Center. You can reach Technical Support: • On the web: http://www.dell.
51 Virtual LANs (VLANs) Virtual LANs (VLANs) are supported on Dell Networking OS. VLANs are a logical broadcast domain or logical grouping of interfaces in a local area network (LAN) in which all data received is kept locally and broadcast to all members of the group. When in Layer 2 mode, VLANs move traffic at wire speed and can span multiple devices. The Dell Networking Operating System (OS) supports up to 4093 port-based VLANs and one default VLAN, as specified in IEEE 802.1Q.
command places the interface in Layer 2 mode and the show vlan command in EXEC privilege mode indicates that the interface is now part of the Default VLAN (VLAN 1). By default, VLAN 1 is the Default VLAN. To change that designation, use the default vlan-id command in CONFIGURATION mode. You cannot delete the Default VLAN. NOTE: You cannot assign an IP address to the Default VLAN. To assign an IP address to a VLAN that is currently the Default VLAN, create another VLAN and assign it to be the Default VLAN.
VLANs and Port Tagging To add an interface to a VLAN, the interface must be in Layer 2 mode. After you place an interface in Layer 2 mode, the interface is automatically placed in the Default VLAN. Dell Networking OS supports IEEE 802.1Q tagging at the interface level to filter traffic. When you enable tagging, a tag header is added to the frame after the destination and source MAC addresses. That information is preserved as the frame moves through the network.
NOTE: In a VLAN, the shutdown command stops Layer 3 (routed) traffic only. Layer 2 traffic continues to pass through the VLAN. If the VLAN is not a routed VLAN (that is, configured with an IP address), the shutdown command has no affect on VLAN traffic. When you delete a VLAN (using the no interface vlan vlan-id command), any interfaces assigned to that VLAN are assigned to the Default VLAN as untagged interfaces. To create a port-based VLAN, use the following command.
interface vlan vlan-id 2. Enable an interface to include the IEEE 802.1Q tag header. INTERFACE mode tagged interface Add an Interface to Another VLAN To view just the interfaces that are in Layer 2 mode, use the show interfaces switchport command in EXEC Privilege mode or EXEC mode. The following example shows the steps to add a tagged interface (in this case, port channel 1) to VLAN 4. To view the interface’s status. Interface (po 1) is tagged and in VLAN 2 and 3, use the show vlan command.
Moving Untagged Interfaces To move untagged interfaces from the Default VLAN to another VLAN, use the following commands. 1. Access INTERFACE VLAN mode of the VLAN to which you want to assign the interface. CONFIGURATION mode interface vlan vlan-id 2. Configure an interface as untagged. INTERFACE mode untagged interface This command is available only in VLAN interfaces.
4 Dell# Active T U Gi 3/1 Gi 3/2 The only way to remove an interface from the Default VLAN is to place the interface in Default mode by using the no switchport command in INTERFACE mode. Assigning an IP Address to a VLAN VLANs are a Layer 2 feature. For two physical interfaces on different VLANs to communicate, you must assign an IP address to the VLANs to route traffic between the two interfaces.
To configure a port so that it can be a member of an untagged and tagged VLANs, use the following commands. 1. Remove any Layer 2 or Layer 3 configurations from the interface. INTERFACE mode 2. Configure the interface for Hybrid mode. INTERFACE mode portmode hybrid 3. Configure the interface for Switchport mode. INTERFACE mode switchport 4. Add the interface to a tagged or untagged VLAN.
Virtual Link Trunking (VLT) 52 Virtual link trunking (VLT) is supported on Dell Networking OS. Overview VLT allows physical links between two chassis to appear as a single virtual link to the network core or other switches such as Edge, Access, or top-of-rack (ToR). VLT reduces the role of spanning tree protocols (STPs) by allowing link aggregation group (LAG) terminations on two separate distribution or core switches, and by supporting a loop-free topology.
Figure 112. VLT on Switches VLT on Core Switches You can also deploy VLT on core switches. Uplinks from servers to the access layer and from access layer to the aggregation layer are bundled in LAG groups with end-to-end Layer 2 multipathing. This set up requires “horizontal” stacking at the access layer and VLT at the aggregation layer such that all the uplinks from servers to access and access to aggregation are in Active-Active Load Sharing mode.
Figure 113. Enhanced VLT VLT Terminology The following are key VLT terms. • Virtual link trunk (VLT) — The combined port channel between an attached device and the VLT peer switches. • VLT backup link — The backup link monitors the vitality of VLT peer switches. The backup link sends configurable, periodic keep alive messages between the VLT peer switches. • VLT interconnect (VLTi) — The link used to synchronize states between the VLT peer switches. Both ends must be on 10G or 40G interfaces.
Configure Virtual Link Trunking VLT requires that you enable the feature and then configure the same VLT domain, backup link, and VLT interconnect on both peer switches. Important Points to Remember • VLT port channel interfaces must be switch ports. • If you include RSTP on the system, configure it before VLT. Refer to Configure Rapid Spanning Tree. • Dell Networking strongly recommends that the VLTi (VLT interconnect) be a static LAG and that you disable LACP on the VLTi.
• In a scenario where one hundred hosts are connected to a Peer1 on a non-VLT domain and traffic flows through Peer1 to Peer2; when you move these hosts from a non-VLT domain to a VLT domain and send ARP requests to Peer1, only half of these ARP requests reach Peer1, while the remaining half reach Peer2 (beacuse of LAG hashing). The reason for this behavior is that Peer1 ignores the ARP requests that it receives on VLTi (ICL) and updates only the ARP requests that it receives on the local VLT.
– The system automatically includes the required VLANs in VLTi. You do not need to manually select VLANs. – VLT peer switches operate as separate chassis with independent control and data planes for devices attached to non-VLT ports. – Port-channel link aggregation (LAG) across the ports in the VLT interconnect is required; individual ports are not supported. Dell Networking strongly recommends configuring a static LAG for VLTi.
– The chassis backup link does not carry control plane information or data traffic. Its use is restricted to health checks only. • Virtual link trunks (VLTs) between access devices and VLT peer switches – To connect servers and access switches with VLT peer switches, you use a VLT port channel, as shown in Overview. Up to 48 port-channels are supported; up to eight member links are supported in each port channel between the VLT domain and an access device.
• Software features supported on VLT physical ports – In a VLT domain, the following software features are supported on VLT physical ports: 802.1p, LLDP, flow control, IPv6 dynamic routing, port monitoring, and jumbo frames. • Software features not supported with VLT – In a VLT domain, the following software features are supported on non-VLT ports: 802.1x, DHCP snooping, FRRP, ingress and egress QOS.
MAC address is selected as the Primary Peer. You can configure another peer as the Primary Peer using the VLT domain domain-id role priority priority-value command. If the VLTi link fails, the status of the remote VLT Primary Peer is checked using the backup link. If the remote VLT Primary Peer is available, the Secondary Peer disables all VLT ports to prevent loops.
VLT and IGMP Snooping When configuring IGMP Snooping with VLT, ensure the configurations on both sides of the VLT trunk are identical to get the same behavior on both sides of the trunk. When you configure IGMP snooping on a VLT node, the dynamically learned groups and multicast router ports are automatically learned on the VLT peer node. VLT IPv6 VLT IPv6 is supported on the Z9000 platform.
Figure 114. PIM-Sparse Mode Support on VLT On each VLAN where the VLT peer nodes act as the first hop or last hop routers, one of the VLT peer nodes is elected as the PIM designated router. If you configured IGMP snooping along with PIM on the VLT VLANs, you must configure VLTi as the static multicast router port on both VLT peer switches. This ensures that for first hop routers, the packets from the source are redirected to the designated router (DR) if they are incorrectly hashed.
To route traffic to and from the multicast source and receiver, enable PIM on the L3 side connected to the PIM router using the ip pim sparse-mode command. Each VLT peer runs its own PIM protocol independently of other VLT peers. To ensure the PIM protocol states or multicast routing information base (MRIB) on the VLT peers are synced, if the incoming interface (IIF) and outgoing interface (OIF) are Spanned, the multicast route table is synced between the VLT peers.
Layer 3 on the other node. Configuration mismatches are logged in the syslog and display in the show vlt mismatch command output. If you enable VLT unicast routing, the following actions occur: • L3 routing is enabled on any new IP address / IPv6 address configured for a VLAN interface that is up. • L3 routing is enabled on any VLAN with an admin state of up. NOTE: If the CAM is full, do not enable peer-routing. NOTE: The peer routing and peer-routing-timeout is applicable for both IPv6/ IPv4.
• Optimal VLTi forwarding — Only one copy of the incoming multicast traffic is sent on the VLTi for routing or forwarding to any orphan ports, rather than forwarding all the routed copies. Important Points to Remember • You cannot configure a VLT node as a rendezvous point (RP), but any PIM-SM compatible VLT node can serve as a designated router (DR). • You can only use one spanned VLAN from a PIM-enabled VLT node to an external neighboring PIM router.
NOTE: ARP entries learned on non-VLT, non-spanned VLANs are not synced with VLT peers. RSTP Configuration RSTP is supported in a VLT domain. Before you configure VLT on peer switches, configure RSTP in the network. RSTP is required for initial loop prevention during the VLT startup phase. You may also use RSTP for loop prevention in the network outside of the VLT port channel. For information about how to configure RSTP, Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP). Run RSTP on both VLT peer switches.
VLT switch determines the RSTP roles and states on VLT ports and ensures that the VLT interconnect link is never blocked. In the case of a primary VLT switch failure, the secondary switch starts sending BPDUs with its own bridge ID and inherits all the port states from the last synchronization with the primary switch. An access device never detects the change in primary/secondary roles and does not see it as a topology change.
NOTE: To be included in the VLTi, the port channel must be in Default mode (no switchport or VLAN assigned). 2. Remove an IP address from the interface. INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode no ip address 3. Add one or more port interfaces to the port channel. INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode channel-member interface interface: specify one of the following interface types: 4. • 1-Gigabit Ethernet: Enter gigabitethernet slot/port. • 10-Gigabit Ethernet: Enter tengigabitethernet slot/port.
peer-link port-channel id-number 4. (Optional) Prevent a possible loop during the bootup of a VLT peer switch or a device that accesses the VLT domain. CONFIGURATION mode lacp ungroup member-independent {vlt | port-channel port-channel-id} LACP on VLT ports (on a VLT switch or access device), which are members of the virtual link trunk, is not brought up until the VLT domain is recognized on the access device. 5.
delay-restore delay-restore-time The range is from 1 to 1200. The default is 90 seconds. Reconfiguring the Default VLT Settings (Optional) To reconfigure the default VLT settings, use the following commands. 1. Enter VLT-domain configuration mode for a specified VLT domain. CONFIGURATION mode vlt domain domain-id The range of domain IDs is from 1 to 1000. 2.
Use this command to minimize the time required for the VLT system to determine the unit ID assigned to each peer switch when one peer switch reboots. Connecting a VLT Domain to an Attached Access Device (Switch or Server) To connect a VLT domain to an attached access device, use the following commands. On a VLT peer switch: To connect to an attached device, configure the same port channel ID number on each peer switch in the VLT domain. 1.
Configuring a VLT VLAN Peer-Down (Optional) To configure a VLT VLAN peer-down, use the following commands. 1. Enter VLT-domain configuration mode for a specified VLT domain. CONFIGURATION mode vlt domain domain-id The range of domain IDs is from 1 to 1000. 2. Enter the port-channel number that acts as the interconnect trunk. VLT DOMAIN CONFIGURATION mode peer-link port-channel id-number The range is from 1 to 128. 3.
The range of domain IDs is from 1 to 1000. 4. Enter the port-channel number that acts as the interconnect trunk. VLT DOMAIN CONFIGURATION mode peer-link port-channel id-number The range is from 1 to 128. 5. Configure the IP address of the management interface on the remote VLT peer to be used as the endpoint of the VLT backup link for sending out-of-band hello messages.
INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode switchport 10. Associate the port channel to the corresponding port channel in the VLT peer for the VLT connection to an attached device. INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode vlt-peer-lag port-channel id-number Valid port-channel ID numbers are from 1 to 128. 11. Ensure that the port channel is active. INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode no shutdown 12. Add links to the eVLT port. Configure a range of interfaces to bulk configure. CONFIGURATION mode interface range {port-channel id} 13.
interface port-channel port-channel id NOTE: To benefit from the protocol negotiations, Dell Networking recommends configuring VLTs used as facing hosts/switches with LACP. Ensure both peers use the same port channel ID. 4. Configure the peer-link port-channel in the VLT domains of each peer unit. INTERFACE PORTCHANNEL mode channel-member 5. Configure the backup link between the VLT peer units (shown in the following example). 6.
Configure the VLT domain with the same ID in VLT peer 1 and VLT peer 2. s4810-2(conf)#vlt domain 5 s4810-2(conf-vlt-domain)# s4810-4(conf)#vlt domain 5 s4810-4(conf-vlt-domain)# Configure the VLTi between VLT peer 1 and VLT peer 2. 1. You can configure the LACP/static LAG between the peer units (not shown). 2. Configure the peer-link port-channel in the VLT domains of each peer unit.
! no ip address port-channel-protocol LACP port-channel 2 mode active no shutdown s4810-2# configuring VLT peer lag in VLT s4810-2#show running-config interface port-channel 2 ! interface Port-channel 2 no ip address switchport vlt-peer-lag port-channel 2 no shutdown s4810-2# s4810-2#show interfaces port-channel 2 brief Codes: L - LACP Port-channel LAG Mode L 2 L2L3 s4810-2# Status up Uptime 03:33:14 Ports Te 0/40 (Up) In the ToR unit, configure LACP on the physical ports.
Verify VLT is up. Verify that the VLTi (ICL) link, backup link connectivity (heartbeat status), and VLT peer link (peer chassis) are all up.
Figure 115. eVLT Configuration Example eVLT Configuration Step Examples In Domain 1, configure the VLT domain and VLTi on Peer 1. Domain_1_Peer1#configure Domain_1_Peer1(conf)#interface port-channel 1 Domain_1_Peer1(conf-if-po-1)# channel-member TenGigabitEthernet 0/8-9 Domain_1_Peer1(conf)#vlt domain 1000 Domain_1_Peer1(conf-vlt-domain)# peer-link port-channel 1 Domain_1_Peer1(conf-vlt-domain)# back-up destination 10.16.130.
Domain_1_Peer2(conf-vlt-domain)# back-up destination 10.16.130.12 Domain_1_Peer2(conf-vlt-domain)# system-mac mac-address 00:0a:00:0a:00:0a Domain_1_Peer2(conf-vlt-domain)# unit-id 1 Configure eVLT on Peer 2. Domain_1_Peer2(conf)#interface port-channel 100 Domain_1_Peer2(conf-if-po-100)# switchport Domain_1_Peer2(conf-if-po-100)# vlt-peer-lag port-channel 100 Domain_1_Peer2(conf-if-po-100)# no shutdown Add links to the eVLT port-channel on Peer 2.
Configure eVLT on Peer 4. Domain_2_Peer4(conf)#interface port-channel 100 Domain_2_Peer4(conf-if-po-100)# switchport Domain_2_Peer4(conf-if-po-100)# vlt-peer-lag port-channel 100 Domain_2_Peer4(conf-if-po-100)# no shutdown Add links to the eVLT port-channel on Peer 4.
Verifying a VLT Configuration To monitor the operation or verify the configuration of a VLT domain, use any of the following show commands on the primary and secondary VLT switches. • Display information on backup link operation. EXEC mode • show vlt backup-link Display general status information about VLT domains currently configured on the switch.
Examples of the show vlt and show spanning-tree rstp Commands The following example shows the show vlt backup-link command. Dell_VLTpeer1# show vlt backup-link VLT Backup Link ----------------Destination: Peer HeartBeat status: HeartBeat Timer Interval: HeartBeat Timeout: UDP Port: HeartBeat Messages Sent: HeartBeat Messages Received: 10.11.200.
The following example shows the show vlt detail command. Dell_VLTpeer1# show vlt detail Local LAG Id -----------100 127 Peer LAG Id ----------100 2 Local Status Peer Status Active VLANs ------------ ----------- ------------UP UP 10, 20, 30 UP UP 20, 30 Dell_VLTpeer2# show vlt detail Local LAG Id -----------2 100 Peer LAG Id ----------127 100 Local Status -----------UP UP Peer Status ----------UP UP Active VLANs ------------20, 30 10, 20, 30 The following example shows the show vlt role command.
Dell_VLTpeer2# show vlt statistics VLT Statistics ---------------HeartBeat Messages Sent: HeartBeat Messages Received: ICL Hello's Sent: ICL Hello's Received: 994 978 89 89 The following example shows the show spanning-tree rstp command. The bold section displays the RSTP state of port channels in the VLT domain. Port channel 100 is used in the VLT interconnect trunk (VLTi) to connect to VLT peer2. Port channels 110, 111, and 120 are used to connect to access switches or servers (vlt).
Configuring Virtual Link Trunking (VLT Peer 1) Enable VLT and create a VLT domain with a backup-link and interconnect trunk (VLTi). Dell_VLTpeer1(conf)#vlt domain 999 Dell_VLTpeer1(conf-vlt-domain)#peer-link port-channel 100 Dell_VLTpeer1(conf-vlt-domain)#back-up destination 10.11.206.35 Dell_VLTpeer1(conf-vlt-domain)#exit Configure the backup link. Dell_VLTpeer1(conf)#interface ManagementEthernet 0/0 Dell_VLTpeer1(conf-if-ma-0/0)#ip address 10.11.206.
Configure the backup link. Dell_VLTpeer2(conf)#interface ManagementEthernet 0/0 Dell_VLTpeer2(conf-if-ma-0/0)#ip address 10.11.206.35/ Dell_VLTpeer2(conf-if-ma-0/0)#no shutdown Dell_VLTpeer2(conf-if-ma-0/0)#exit Configure the VLT interconnect (VLTi).
Troubleshooting VLT To help troubleshoot different VLT issues that may occur, use the following information. NOTE: For information on VLT Failure mode timing and its impact, contact your Dell Networking representative. Table 57. Troubleshooting VLT Description Behavior at Peer Up Behavior During Run Time Action to Take Bandwidth monitoring A syslog error message and an SNMP trap is generated when the VLTi bandwidth usage goes above the 80% threshold and when it drops below 80%.
Description Behavior at Peer Up Behavior During Run Time Action to Take that the MAC address is the same on both units. The VLT peer does not boot up. The VLTi is forced to a down state. The VLT peer does not boot up. The VLTi is forced to a down state. A syslog error message is generated. A syslog error message is generated. Version ID mismatch A syslog error message and an SNMP trap are generated. A syslog error message and an SNMP trap are generated.
Specifying VLT Nodes in a PVLAN You can configure VLT peer nodes in a private VLAN (PVLAN). VLT enables redundancy without the implementation of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), and provides a loop-free network with optimal bandwidth utilization. Because the VLT LAG interfaces are terminated on two different nodes, PVLAN configuration of VLT VLANs and VLT LAGs are symmetrical and identical on both the VLT peers. PVLANs provide Layer 2 isolation between ports within the same VLAN.
not validated if you associate an ICL to a PVLAN. Similarly, if you dissociate an ICL from a PVLAN, although the PVLAN parity exists, ICL is removed from that PVLAN. Association of VLTi as a Member of a PVLAN If a VLAN is configured as a non-VLT VLAN on both the peers, the VLTi link is made a member of that VLAN if the VLTi link is configured as a PVLAN or normal VLAN on both the peers.
PVLAN Operations When a VLT Peer is Restarted When the VLT peer node is rebooted, the VLAN membership of the VLTi link is preserved and when the peer node comes back online, a verification is performed with the newly received PVLAN configuration from the peer. If any differences are identified, the VLTi link is either added or removed from the VLAN. When the peer node restarts and returns online, all the PVLAN configurations are exchanged across the peers.
VLT LAG Mode PVLAN Mode of VLT VLAN ICL VLAN Membership Mac Synchronization Peer1 Peer2 Peer1 Peer2 Promiscuo us Trunk Primary Primary Yes No Trunk Access Primary Secondary No No Promiscuo us Promiscuo us Primary Primary Yes Yes Promiscuo us Access Primary Secondary No No Promiscuo us Promiscuo us Primary Primary Yes Yes - Secondary (Community) - Secondary (Isolated) No No Secondary (Community) Secondary (Isolated) No No • • Yes Yes Access Promiscuo us Acc
VLT LAG Mode PVLAN Mode of VLT VLAN ICL VLAN Membership Mac Synchronization Peer1 Peer2 Peer1 Peer2 Access Access Secondary (Community) Secondary (Community) No No - Primary VLAN Y - Primary VLAN X No No Promiscuo us Access Primary Secondary No No Trunk Access Primary/Normal Secondary No No Configuring a VLT VLAN or LAG in a PVLAN You can configure the VLT peers or nodes in a private VLAN (PVLAN).
INTERFACE PORT-CHANNEL mode no shutdown 5. To configure the VLT interconnect, repeat Steps 1–4 on the VLT peer switch. 6. Enter VLT-domain configuration mode for a specified VLT domain. CONFIGURATION mode vlt domain domain-id The range of domain IDs is from 1 to 1000. 7. Enter the port-channel number that acts as the interconnect trunk. VLT DOMAIN CONFIGURATION mode peer-link port-channel id-number The range is from 1 to 128. 8.
6. Enable the VLAN. INTERFACE VLAN mode no shutdown 7. To obtain maximum VLT resiliency, configure the PVLAN IDs and mappings to be identical on both the VLT peer nodes. Set the PVLAN mode of the selected VLAN to primary. INTERFACE VLAN mode private-vlan mode primary 8. Map secondary VLANs to the selected primary VLAN.
supported only for the IP address belongs to the received interface IP network. Proxy ARP is not supported if the ARP requested IP address is different from the received interface IP subnet. For example, if VLAN 100 and 200 are configured on the VLT peers, and if the VLAN 100 IP address is configured as 10.1.1.0/24 and the VLAN 200 IP address is configured as 20.1.1.0/24, the proxy ARP is not performed if the VLT node receives an ARP request for 20.1.1.0/24 on VLAN 100.
VLT Nodes as Rendezvous Points for Multicast Resiliency You can configure virtual link trunking (VLT) peer nodes as rendezvous points (RPs) in a Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) domain. PIM uses a VLT node as the RP to distribute multicast traffic to a multicast group. Messages to join the multicast group (Join messages) and data are sent towards the RP, so that receivers can discover who the senders are and begin receiving traffic destined for the multicast group.
VLT Proxy Gateway 53 You can configure a proxy gateway in VLT domains. A proxy gateway enables you to locally route the packets that are destined to a L3 endpoint in another VLT domain. Proxy Gateway in VLT Domains Using a proxy gateway, the VLT peers in a domain can route the L3 packets destined for VLT peers in another domain as long as they have L3 reachability of these IP destinations.
When the routing table across DCs is not symmetrical, there is a possibility of a routing miss by a DC that do not have the route for the L3 traffic. Since routing protocols will enabled and both the DC’s comes in same subnet there will not be route asymmetry dynamically. But if static route is configured on one DC and not on the other, it will result is asymmetry. Proxy routing can still be achieved locally by configuring a static route or default gateway.
8. LLDP port channel interface can’t be changed to legacy lag when proxy gateway is enabled. 9.“vlt-peer-mac transmit” is recommended only for square VLT without any diagonal links. 10. VRRP and IPv6 routing is not supported now. 11. With the existing hardware capabilities, only 512 my_station_tcam entries can be supported. 12. PVLAN not supported 13. After VM Motion, it’s expected that VM Host will send GARP in term, host previous VLT Domain will have mac movement points to newer VLT Domain 14.
• There are only a couple of MACs for each unit to be transmitted so that all current active MACs can definitely be carried on the newly defined TLV. • This TLV is recognizable only by FTOS devices with this feature support. Other device will ignore this field and should still be able to process other standard TLVs. The LLDP organizational TLV passes local DA information to peer VLT domain devices so they can act as proxy gateway.
2. Trace route across VLT domains may show extra hops. 3. IP route symmetry must be maintained across the VLT domains. Assume if the route to a destination is not available at C2, though the packet hits the MY_STATION_TCAM and routing is enabled for that VLAN, if there is no entry for that prefix in the routing table it will dropped to CPU. By default, all route miss packets are given to CPU. To avoid this static entry must be configured. 4.
8. Packet duplication – Assume exclude-vlan (say VLAN 10) is configured on C2/D2 for C1’s MAC. If packets for VLAN 10 with C1’s MAC get a hit at C2, they will be switched to both D2 (via ICL) and C1 via inter DC link. This could lead to packet duplication. So, if C1’s MAC is learnt at C2 then the packet would not have flooded (to D2) and only switched to C1 and thus avoided packet duplication.
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) 54 Virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP) is supported on Dell Networking OS. VRRP Overview VRRP is designed to eliminate a single point of failure in a statically routed network. VRRP specifies a MASTER router that owns the next hop IP and MAC address for end stations on a local area network (LAN). The MASTER router is chosen from the virtual routers by an election process and forwards packets sent to the next hop IP address.
Figure 116. Basic VRRP Configuration VRRP Benefits With VRRP configured on a network, end-station connectivity to the network is not subject to a single point-of-failure. End-station connections to the network are redundant and are not dependent on internal gateway protocol (IGP) protocols to converge or update routing tables. VRRP Implementation Within a single VRRP group, up to 12 virtual IP addresses are supported.
decreases based on the dynamics of the network, the advertisement intervals may increase or decrease accordingly. CAUTION: Increasing the advertisement interval increases the VRRP Master dead interval, resulting in an increased failover time for Master/Backup election. Take caution when increasing the advertisement interval, as the increased dead interval may cause packets to be dropped during that switch-over time. Table 59.
• Create a virtual router for that interface with a VRID. INTERFACE mode vrrp-group vrid The VRID range is from 1 to 255. • NOTE: The interface must already have a primary IP address defined and be enabled, as shown in the second example. Delete a VRRP group. INTERFACE mode no vrrp-group vrid Examples of Configuring and Verifying VRRP The following examples how to configure VRRP.
You can use the version both command in INTERFACE mode to migrate from VRRPv2 to VRRPv3. When you set the VRRP version to both, the switch sends only VRRPv3 advertisements but can receive VRRPv2 or VRRPv3 packets. To migrate an IPv4 VRRP group from VRRPv2 to VRRPv3: 1. Set the switches with the lowest priority to “both”. 2. Set the switch with the highest priority to version to 3. 3. Set all the switches from both to version 3.
• group and the interface’s physical MAC address is changed to that of the owner VRRP group’s MAC address. If you configure multiple VRRP groups on an interface, only one of the VRRP Groups can contain the interface primary or secondary IP address. Configuring a Virtual IP Address To configure a virtual IP address, use the following commands. 1. Configure a VRRP group. INTERFACE mode vrrp-group vrrp-id The VRID range is from 1 to 255. 2. Configure virtual IP addresses for this VRID.
Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:01:6f Virtual IP address: 10.10.10.1 10.10.10.2 10.10.10.3 10.10.10.10 Authentication: (none) -----------------GigabitEthernet 1/2, VRID: 111, Net: 10.10.2.1 State: Master, Priority: 100, Master: 10.10.2.1 (local) Hold Down: 0 sec, Preempt: TRUE, AdvInt: 1 sec Adv rcvd: 0, Bad pkts rcvd: 0, Adv sent: 27, Gratuitous ARP sent: 2 Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:01:6f Virtual IP address: 10.10.2.2 10.10.2.
Hold Down: 0 sec, Preempt: TRUE, AdvInt: 1 sec Adv rcvd: 0, Bad pkts rcvd: 0, Adv sent: 601, Gratuitous ARP sent: 2 Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:01:6f Virtual IP address: 10.10.2.2 10.10.2.3 Authentication: (none) Dell(conf)# Configuring VRRP Authentication Simple authentication of VRRP packets ensures that only trusted routers participate in VRRP processes. When you enable authentication, Dell Networking OS includes the password in its VRRP transmission.
• Prevent any BACKUP router with a higher priority from becoming the MASTER router. INTERFACE-VRID mode no preempt Examples of Disabling Preempt Re-enable preempt by entering the preempt command. When you enable preempt, it does not display in the show commands, because it is a default setting. The following example shows how to disable preempt using the no preempt command.
advertise-interval seconds The range is from 1 to 255 seconds. • The default is 1 second. For VRRPv3, change the advertisement centisecs interval setting. INTERFACE-VRID mode advertise-interval centisecs centisecs The range is from 25 to 4075 centisecs in units of 25 centisecs. The default is 100 centisecs. Examples of the advertise-interval Command The following example shows how to change the advertise interval using the advertise-interval command.
• 1 Gigabit Ethernet: enter gigabitethernet slot/port in the track interface command (shown in the following example). • 10 Gigabit Ethernet: enter tengigabitethernet slot/port. • Port channel: enter port-channel number. • SONET: enter sonet slot/port. • VLAN: enter vlan vlan-id. – The valid VLAN IDs are from 1 to 4094. For a virtual group, you can also track the status of a configured object (the track object-id command) by entering its object number.
Examples of Configuring and Viewing the track Command The following example shows how to configure tracking using the track command. Dell(conf-if-gi-1/1)#vrrp-group 111 Dell(conf-if-gi-1/1-vrid-111)#track gigabitethernet 1/2 Dell(conf-if-gi-1/1-vrid-111)# The following example shows how to verify tracking using the show conf command.
The following example shows verifying the VRRP configuration on an interface. Dell#show running-config interface gigabitethernet 7/30 interface GigabitEthernet 7/30 no ip address ipv6 address 2007::30/64 vrrp-ipv6-group 1 track 2 priority-cost 20 track 3 priority-cost 30 virtual-address 2007::1 virtual-address fe80::1 no shutdown Setting VRRP Initialization Delay VRRP initialization delay is supported on the Z9000 platform. When configured, VRRP is enabled immediately upon system reload or boot.
The seconds range is from 0 to 900. The default is 0. Sample Configurations Before you set up VRRP, review the following sample configurations. VRRP for an IPv4 Configuration The following configuration shows how to enable IPv4 VRRP. This example does not contain comprehensive directions and is intended to provide guidance for only a typical VRRP configuration. You can copy and paste from the example to your CLI.
Figure 117. VRRP for IPv4 Topology Examples of Configuring VRRP for IPv4 and IPv6 The following example shows configuring VRRP for IPv4 Router 2. R2(conf)#int gi 2/31 R2(conf-if-gi-2/31)#ip address 10.1.1.1/24 R2(conf-if-gi-2/31)#vrrp-group 99 R2(conf-if-gi-2/31-vrid-99)#priority 200 R2(conf-if-gi-2/31-vrid-99)#virtual 10.1.1.3 R2(conf-if-gi-2/31-vrid-99)#no shut R2(conf-if-gi-2/31)#show conf ! interface GigabitEthernet 2/31 ip address 10.1.1.
priority 200 virtual-address 10.1.1.3 no shutdown R2(conf-if-gi-2/31)#end R2#show vrrp -----------------GigabitEthernet 2/31, VRID: 99, Net: 10.1.1.1 State: Master, Priority: 200, Master: 10.1.1.1 (local) Hold Down: 0 sec, Preempt: TRUE, AdvInt: 1 sec Adv rcvd: 0, Bad pkts rcvd: 0, Adv sent: 817, Gratuitous ARP sent: 1 Virtual MAC address: 00:00:5e:00:01:63 Virtual IP address: 10.1.1.3 Authentication: (none) R2# Router 3 R3(conf)#int gi 3/21 R3(conf-if-gi-3/21)#ip address 10.1.1.
Figure 118. VRRP for an IPv6 Configuration NOTE: In a VRRP or VRRPv3 group, if two routers come up with the same priority and another router already has MASTER status, the router with master status continues to be MASTER even if one of two routers has a higher IP or IPv6 address. The following example shows configuring VRRP for IPv6 Router 2 and Router 3. Configure a virtual link local (fe80) address for each VRRPv3 group created for an interface.
Although R2 and R3 have the same default, priority (100), R2 is elected master in the VRRPv3 group because the GigE 0/0 interface has a higher IPv6 address than the GigE 1/0 interface on R3.
VRRP in a VRF Configuration The following example shows how to enable VRRP operation in a VRF virtualized network for the following scenarios. • Multiple VRFs on physical interfaces running VRRP. • Multiple VRFs on VLAN interfaces running VRRP. To view a VRRP in a VRF configuration, use the show commands. VRRP in a VRF: Non-VLAN Scenario The following example shows how to enable VRRP in a non-VLAN.
Figure 119. VRRP in a VRF: Non-VLAN Example Example of Configuring VRRP in a VRF on Switch-1 (Non-VLAN) Switch-1 S1(conf)#ip vrf default-vrf 0 ! S1(conf)#ip vrf VRF-1 1 ! S1(conf)#ip vrf VRF-2 2 ! S1(conf)#ip vrf VRF-3 3 ! S1(conf)#interface GigabitEthernet 12/1 S1(conf-if-gi-12/1)#ip vrf forwarding VRF-1 S1(conf-if-gi-12/1)#ip address 10.10.1.5/24 S1(conf-if-gi-12/1)#vrrp-group 11 % Info: The VRID used by the VRRP group 11 in VRF 1 will be 177.
! S1(conf)#interface GigabitEthernet 12/3 S1(conf-if-gi-12/3)#ip vrf forwarding VRF-3 S1(conf-if-gi-12/3)#ip address 20.1.1.5/24 S1(conf-if-gi-12/3)#vrrp-group 15 % Info: The VRID used by the VRRP group 15 in VRF 3 will be 243. S1(conf-if-gi-12/3-vrid-105)#priority 255 S1(conf-if-gi-12/3-vrid-105)#virtual-address 20.1.1.
VRRP in VRF: Switch-1 VLAN Configuration VRRP in VRF: Switch-2 VLAN Configuration Switch-1 S1(conf)#ip vrf VRF-1 1 ! S1(conf)#ip vrf VRF-2 2 ! S1(conf)#ip vrf VRF-3 3 ! S1(conf)#interface GigabitEthernet 12/4 S1(conf-if-gi-12/4)#no ip address S1(conf-if-gi-12/4)#switchport S1(conf-if-gi-12/4)#no shutdown ! S1(conf-if-gi-12/4)#interface vlan 100 S1(conf-if-vl-100)#ip vrf forwarding VRF-1 S1(conf-if-vl-100)#ip address 10.10.1.
S2(conf-if-vl-100-vrid-101)#priority 255 S2(conf-if-vl-100-vrid-101)#virtual-address 10.10.1.2 S2(conf-if-vl-100)#no shutdown ! S2(conf-if-gi-12/4)#interface vlan 200 S2(conf-if-vl-200)#ip vrf forwarding VRF-2 S2(conf-if-vl-200)#ip address 10.10.1.2/24 S2(conf-if-vl-200)#tagged gigabitethernet 12/4 S2(conf-if-vl-200)#vrrp-group 11 % Info: The VRID used by the VRRP group 11 in VRF 2 will be 178. S2(conf-if-vl-200-vrid-101)#priority 255 S2(conf-if-vl-200-vrid-101)#virtual-address 10.10.1.
192.168.0.
Z-Series Debugging and Diagnostics 55 This chapter describes debugging and diagnostics for the Z-Series platform. Offline Diagnostics The offline diagnostics test suite is useful for isolating faults and debugging hardware. The diagnostics tests are grouped into three levels: • Level 0 — Level 0 diagnostics check for the presence of various components and perform essential path verifications. In addition, they verify the identification registers of the components on the board.
NOTE: The system reboots when the offline diagnostics completes. This is an automatic process in default mode. A warning message appears when you implement the offline stack-unit command: Warning - offline of stack unit will bring down all the protocols and the unit will be operationally down, except for running Diagnostics. Proceed with Offline-Diags [confirm yes/no]:y 2. Confirm offline status. EXEC Privilege mode show system brief Results are captured in one file whether for one unit or multiple units.
-- Stack Info -Unit UnitType Status ReqTyp CurTyp Version Ports -------------------------------------------------------0 Management offline Z9000 Z9000 9-0-0-0 128 1 Member not present 2 Member not present 3 Member not present 4 Member not present 5 Member not present 6 Member not present 7 Member not present -- Power Supplies -Unit Bay Status Type Temperature(deg C) FanSpeed(rpm) ---------------------------------------------------0 0 up AC 40 13888 0 1 up AC 42 14851 -- Fan Status -Unit Bay TrayStatus Fan0
CPU Version Stack Unit Board temperatur Stack Unit Number Serial Number Part Number Product Revision Version : : : : : : : Intel I386 49 Degree C 0 Z8FX122P00109 7520057401 H E9-0-0-23 **************************** Z9000 LEVEL 0 DIAGNOSTICS************************** + TEST - 1 PSU [0] STATUS ---> POWER ON PSU [0] STATUS ---> POWER OK PSU [0] STATUS ---> PSU OK Test 1.000 - Psu status monitor test ................................ PASS diagS3240GetPsuOnStatus[580]: ERROR: PSU-1 is not present...
directly connected ports Warning - It is highly recommended to reboot the system after Offline Diagnostics Proceed with Diags [confirm yes/no]: y 00:37:32: %Z9000:0 %DIAGAGT-6-DA_DIAG_STARTED: Starting diags on stack unit 0 Dell#00:37:32 : Approximate time to complete the Diags ... 1 Min 30 Sec Dell# WARNING: Reboot is highly recommended after running Offline Diagnostics in Debug Mode. Debug Mode can be used only for troubleshooting specific test issue.
Auto Save on Crash or Rollover Exception information for master or standby units is stored in the flash:/TRACE_LOG_DIR directory. This directory contains files that save trace information when there has been a task crash or timeout. On a master unit, you can reach the TRACE_LOG_DIR files by FTP or by using the show file command from the flash://TRACE_LOG_DIR directory. NOTE: Non-management member units do not support this functionality.
• show hardware stack-unit {0-11} buffer unit {0-1} total-buffer View the forwarding plane statistics containing the packet buffer usage per port per stack unit. • show hardware stack-unit {0-11} buffer unit {0-1} port {1-64 | all} bufferinfo View the forwarding plane statistics containing the packet buffer statistics per COS per port.
Internal Unit User Ports Port Number from 0 to 31 on Unit 0 User Ports from 32 to 63 on Unit 1 User Ports from 64 to 95 on Unit 2 User Ports No User No User from 96 to Ports on Unit Ports on Unit 127 on Unit 3 4 5 6 5 37 69 101 Internal Internal 7 6 38 70 102 Internal Internal 8 7 39 71 103 Internal Internal 9 8 40 72 104 Internal Internal 10 9 41 73 105 Internal Internal 11 10 42 74 106 Internal Internal 12 11 43 75 107 Internal Internal 13 12 44 76
Internal Unit User Ports Port Number from 0 to 31 on Unit 0 User Ports from 32 to 63 on Unit 1 User Ports from 64 to 95 on Unit 2 User Ports No User No User from 96 to Ports on Unit Ports on Unit 127 on Unit 3 4 5 38 Internal Internal Internal Internal Internal Internal 39 Internal Internal Internal Internal Internal Internal 40 Internal Internal Internal Internal Internal Internal 41 Internal Internal Internal Internal Internal Internal Environmental Monitoring The Z9000 com
Troubleshoot an Over-Temperature Condition To troubleshoot an over-temperature condition, use the following commands. 1. To monitor the temperature levels, use the show environment commands. 2. Check air flow through the system. Ensure the air ducts are clean and that all fans are working correctly. 3. After the software has determined that the temperature levels are within normal limits, you can repower the card safely. To bring back the line card online, use the power-on command in EXEC mode.
OID String OID Name Description NOTE: These OIDs are only generated if you enable the enable optic-infoupdate-interval command. Hardware MIB Buffer Statistics .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.16.1.1.4 fpPacketBufferTable View the modular packet buffers details per stack unit and the mode of allocation. .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.16.1.1.5 fpStatsPerPortTable View the forwarding plane statistics containing the packet buffer usage per port per stack unit. .1.3.6.1.4.1.6027.3.16.1.1.
• Dynamic buffer — is shared memory that is allocated as needed, up to a configured limit. Using dynamic buffers provides the benefit of statistical buffer sharing. An interface requests dynamic buffers when its dedicated buffer pool is exhausted. The buffer manager grants the request based on three conditions: – The number of used and available dynamic buffers. – The maximum number of cells that an interface can occupy. – The available packet pointers (2k per interface).
Decide to Tune Buffers Dell Networking recommends exercising caution when configuring any non-default buffer settings, as tuning can significantly affect system performance. The default values work for most cases. As a guideline, consider tuning buffers if traffic is very bursty (and coming from several interfaces). In this case: • Reduce the dedicated buffer on all queues/interfaces. • Increase the dynamic buffer on all interfaces.
Displaying the Default Buffer Profile Displaying Buffer Profile Allocations Dell Networking OS Behavior: If you attempt to apply a buffer profile to a non-existent port-pipe, Dell Networking OS displays the following message. However, the configuration still appears in the runningconfig. %DIFFSERV-2-DSA_BUFF_CARVING_INVALID_PORT_SET: Invalid FP port-set 2 for linecard 2. Valid range of port-set is <0-1> Configuration changes take effect immediately and appear in the running configuration.
no shutdown buffer-policy myfsbufferprofile Dell#show buffer-profile detail int gi 0/10 Interface Gi 0/10 Buffer-profile fsqueue-fp Dynamic buffer 1256.00 (Kilobytes) Queue# Dedicated Buffer Buffer Packets (Kilobytes) 0 3.00 256 1 3.00 256 2 3.00 256 3 3.00 256 4 3.00 256 5 3.00 256 6 3.00 256 7 3.00 256 Dell#show buffer-profile detail fp-uplink stack-unit 0 port-set 0 Linecard 0 Port-set 0 Buffer-profile fsqueue-hig Dynamic Buffer 1256.00 (Kilobytes) Queue# Dedicated Buffer Buffer Packets (Kilobytes) 0 3.
no shutdown buffer-policy fsqueue-fp Dell# Troubleshooting Packet Loss The show hardware stack-unit commands are intended primarily to troubleshoot packet loss.
5 6 7 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Z9000-B4#show hardware stack-unit UserPort PortNumber Ingress Drops Egress Drops 64 1 0 65 2 0 66 3 0 67 4 0 68 5 0 69 6 0 70 7 0 ...
txError txReqTooLarge txInternalError txDatapathErr txPkt(COS0) txPkt(COS1) txPkt(COS2) txPkt(COS3) txPkt(COS4) txPkt(COS5) txPkt(UNIT0) txPkt(UNIT1) txPkt(UNIT2) txPkt(UNIT3) :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 Dell#sh hardware stack-unit 2 cpu party-bus statistics Input Statistics: 27550 packets, 2559298 bytes 0 dropped, 0 errors Output Statistics: 1649566 packets, 1935316203 bytes 0 errors Displaying Stack Member Counters The show hardware stack-unit 0–7 {counters | details | port-stats [detail]
• Enable RPM core dumps and specify the shutdown mode. CONFIGURATION mode logging coredump server When you enable this command to allow the system to automatically upload application core dumps to an FTP server, you are required to enter a password. Use the password of the FTP server where the core files are being moved. The password can be up to 15 alphanumeric characters only; no special characters are allowed.
saved file. The maximum file size for a TCP dump capture is 1MB. When a file reaches 1MB, a new file is created, up to the specified total number of files. Maximize the number of packets recorded in a file by specifying the snap-length to capture the file headers only. The tcpdump command has a finite run process. When you enable the command, it runs until the capture-duration timer and/or the packet-count counter threshold is met.
Standards Compliance 56 This chapter describes standards compliance for Dell Networking products. NOTE: Unless noted, when a standard cited here is listed as supported by the Dell Networking Operating System (OS), Dell Networking OS also supports predecessor standards. One way to search for predecessor standards is to use the http://tools.ietf.org/ website.
SFF-8431 SFP+ Direct Attach Cable (10GSFP+Cu) MTU 9,252 bytes RFC and I-D Compliance Dell Networking OS supports the following standards. The standards are grouped by related protocol. The columns showing support by platform indicate which version of Dell Networking OS first supports the standard. General Internet Protocols The following table lists the Dell Networking OS support per platform for general internet protocols. Table 62.
General IPv4 Protocols The following table lists the Dell Networking OS support per platform for general IPv4 protocols. Table 63. General IPv4 Protocols RFC# Full Name S-Series 791 Internet Protocol 7.6.1 792 Internet Control Message Protocol 7.6.1 826 An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol 7.6.1 1027 Using ARP to Implement Transparent Subnet Gateways 7.6.1 1035 DOMAIN NAMES - IMPLEMENTATION AND SPECIFICATION (client) 7.6.
General IPv6 Protocols The following table lists the Dell Networking OS support per platform for general IPv6 protocols. Table 64. General IPv6 Protocols RFC# Full Name S-Series 1886 DNS Extensions to support IP version 6 7.8.1 1981 (Partial) Path MTU Discovery for IP version 6 7.8.1 2460 Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification 7.8.1 2462 (Partial) IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 7.8.1 2464 Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks 7.8.
RFC# Full Name S-Series/Z-Series 2545 Use of BGP-4 Multiprotocol Extensions for IPv6 Inter-Domain Routing 2796 BGP Route Reflection: An Alternative to Full Mesh Internal BGP (IBGP) 2842 Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4 7.8.1 2858 Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4 7.8.1 2918 Route Refresh Capability for BGP-4 7.8.1 3065 Autonomous System Confederations for BGP 7.8.1 4360 BGP Extended Communities Attribute 7.8.1 4893 BGP Support for Four-octet AS Number Space 7.8.
Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) The following table lists the Dell Networking OS support per platform for IS-IS protocol. Table 67.
Multicast The following table lists the Dell Networking OS support per platform for Multicast protocol. Table 69. Multicast RFC# Full Name S-Series 1112 Host Extensions for IP Multicasting 7.8.1 2236 Internet Group Management Protocol, 7.8.1 Version 2 2710 Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6 3376 Internet Group Management Protocol, 7.8.
RFC# Full Name S4810 S4820T Z-Series Management of TCP/IPbased internets 1157 A Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 7.6.1 1212 Concise MIB Definitions 7.6.1 1215 A Convention for Defining 7.6.1 Traps for use with the SNMP 1493 Definitions of Managed 7.6.1 Objects for Bridges [except for the dot1dTpLearnedEntryDisc ards object] 1724 RIP Version 2 MIB Extension 1850 OSPF Version 2 7.6.1 Management Information Base 1901 Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2 7.6.
RFC# Full Name S4810 S4820T Z-Series Digital Hierarchy (SONET/ SDH) Interface Type 2570 Introduction and Applicability Statements for Internet Standard Management Framework 7.6.1 2571 An Architecture for 7.6.1 Describing Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Management Frameworks 2572 Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 2574 User-based Security 7.6.
RFC# Full Name S4810 S4820T Z-Series 9.5.(0.0) 9.5.(0.0) radiusAuthClientMalforme dAccessResponses radiusAuthClientUnknown Types radiusAuthClientPacketsD ropped 2698 A Two Rate Three Color Marker 9.5.(0.0) 3635 Definitions of Managed Objects for the Ethernetlike Interface Types 7.6.1 2674 Definitions of Managed Objects for Bridges with Traffic Classes, Multicast Filtering and Virtual LAN Extensions 7.6.1 2787 Definitions of Managed Objects for the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol 7.6.
RFC# Full Name S4810 S4820T Z-Series Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 3418 Management Information 7.6.1 Base (MIB) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 3434 Remote Monitoring MIB Extensions for High Capacity Alarms, HighCapacity Alarm Table (64 bits) 7.6.1 3580 IEEE 802.1X Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) Usage Guidelines 7.6.
RFC# Full Name S4810 S4820T Z-Series 9.2(0.0) 9.2(0.0) 9.2(0.0) Gateway Protocol (BGP-4) using SMIv2 draft-ietf-isiswgmib- 16 Management Information Base for Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS): isisSysObject (top level scalar objects) isisISAdjTable isisISAdjAreaAddrTable isisISAdjIPAddrTable isisISAdjProtSuppTable draft-ietf-netmodinterfaces-cfg-03 Defines a YANG data model for the configuration of network interfaces. Used in the Programmatic Interface RESTAPI feature. IEEE 802.
RFC# Full Name S4810 S4820T Z-Series 9.2.(0.0) 9.2.(0.0) Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol sFlow.org sFlow Version 5 7.7.1 sFlow.org sFlow Version 5 MIB 7.7.1 FORCE10-BGP4V2-MIB Force10 BGP MIB (draftietf-idr-bgp4-mibv2-05) 7.8.1 f10–bmp-mib Force10 Bare Metal Provisioning MIB 9.2(0.0) FORCE10-FIB-MIB Force10 CIDR Multipath Routes MIB (The IP Forwarding Table provides information that you can use to determine the egress port of an IP packet and troubleshoot an IP reachability issue.
RFC# Full Name S4810 FORCE10-SSCHASSIS-MIB Force10 S-Series Enterprise Chassis MIB 7.6.1 FORCE10-SMI Force10 Structure of 7.6.1 Management Information FORCE10-SYSTEM- Force10 System COMPONENT-MIB Component MIB (enables the user to view CAM usage information) 7.6.1 FORCE10-TC-MIB Force10 Textual Convention 7.6.1 FORCE10-TRAPALARM-MIB Force10 Trap Alarm MIB 7.6.
