TransPort™ PT878GC Portable Gas Flowmeter
April 2004 Process Control Instruments TransPort™ PT878GC Portable Gas Flowmeter Operation & Installation Guide 910-229A
April 2004 Warranty Each instrument manufactured by GE Panametrics is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship. Liability under this warranty is limited to restoring the instrument to normal operation or replacing the instrument, at the sole discretion of GE Panametrics. Fuses and batteries are specifically excluded from any liability. This warranty is effective from the date of delivery to the original purchaser.
April 2004 Return Policy If a GE Panametrics instrument malfunctions within the warranty period, the following procedure must be completed: 1. Notify GE Panametrics, giving full details of the problem, and provide the model number and serial number of the instrument. If the nature of the problem indicates the need for factory service, GE Panametrics will issue a RETURN AUTHORIZATION number (RA), and shipping instructions for the return of the instrument to a service center will be provided. 2.
April 2004 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Features and Capabilities Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1 System Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3 The Flowcell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3 Electronics Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4 Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Table of Contents (cont.) Chapter 3: Installing the Dampening Material, Transducers and Fixtures (cont.) Installing Dampening Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-20 Installing DMP-1 Dampening Material with CFG-V Series Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-21 Installing DMP-1 Dampening Material with PI Fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-24 Installing DMP-3 Compound with All Fixtures. . . . .
April 2004 Table of Contents (cont.) Chapter 5: Creating and Managing Sites The Site Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2 Creating a New Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4 Opening an Existing Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6 Saving a Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-7 Saving a Site with a Different Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8 Refreshing a Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Table of Contents (cont.) Chapter 7: Programming Meter Settings Entering the Meter Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2 Selecting Measurement Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3 The Battery Charger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5 Entering Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-7 Changing Date and Time Appearance (Locale) . . . . . . . . .7-9 Adjusting the Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Table of Contents (cont.) Chapter 8: Logging Data Entering the Logging Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-2 The Log Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-3 The File Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-4 Setting up a New Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-5 Copying (Cloning) a Selected Log. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-10 Renaming a Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Table of Contents (cont.) Chapter 9: Servicing the PT878GC Entering the Service Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-2 Printing Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-3 Setting up the Thickness Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-5 Measuring Pipe Wall Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-7 Entering the Material and Sound Speed. . . . . . . . . . . .9-7 Measuring Thickness in Numeric Format . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Table of Contents (cont.) Chapter 10: Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Error Code Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-2 Displaying Diagnostic Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-6 Flowcell Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-9 Gas Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-9 Pipe Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10-10 Transducer Problems . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Table of Contents (cont.) Chapter 11: Specifications Operation and Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-2 Fluid Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-2 Pipe Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-2 Pipe Wall Thickness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-2 Pipe Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-2 Clamp-On Flow Accuracy (Velocity) . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Table of Contents (cont.) Chapter 11: Specifications (cont.) Thickness Gauge Option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-8 Transducer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-8 Pipe Thickness Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-8 Pipe Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-8 Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11-8 Thermal Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Chapter 1 Features and Capabilities The TransPort® Model PT878GC is a transit-time clamp-on gas flowmeter which combines all the features of a full-size gas flowmeter with the advantages of a portable instrument. This section describes the TransPort features and general system, and explains the theory of operation. Overview Depending on the selected application, the TransPort PT878GC measures the flow of clean, dry gases in pipes from 4 to 24 in. in diameter.
April 2004 Overview (cont.) The TransPort has the ability to store site data in files which can be accessed at a later time. Within the Main Menu, a set of forms (windows) asks you all the necessary setup information for a particular site. Once you answer the necessary questions, you simply save the information to a file. The TransPort stores these files and other data in non-volatile memory, which retains the information even if power is turned off.
April 2004 System Description The TransPort is only one part of the flowmeter system. The other part of the system is the flowcell, which consists of the pipe and the transducers. The Flowcell The flowcell is that part of the system that uses ultrasonic pulses to interrogate the flow. It consists of the flowcell pipe and the transducers. A.
April 2004 Electronics Package The TransPort consists of circuits that generate, receive, and measure the travel time of the ultrasonic pulses. It also contains a microcomputer that controls operation and calculates flow measurement parameters. Specific circuits function as follows: A. TRANSMIT SIGNAL GENERATOR - The transmit signal generator, under control of the microcomputer and timing circuit, synthesizes the signal that drives the transmitter. B.
April 2004 Theory of Operation The TransPort is a transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter. When ultrasonic pulses are transmitted through a moving liquid or gas, the pulses that travel in the same direction as the fluid flow (downstream) travel slightly faster than the pulses that travel against the flow (upstream). The TransPort uses various digital signal processing techniques, including cross-correlation, to determine transit times and then uses the difference in transit times to calculate flow velocity.
April 2004 Chapter 2 Initial Setup Before making measurements, you must prepare the TransPort for operation. This includes the following procedures: • Making Electrical Connections • Charging and/or Replacing Batteries • Powering On and Off • Using the Screen and Keypad • Obtaining On-Line Help Figure 2-1 below shows the PT878GC in its specially designed case. The interior is molded for optimal protection of the meter and its accessories.
April 2004 Making Electrical Connections Before making measurements with the TransPort, you must make all the necessary connections to the unit. This section describes how to connect the following: • • • • Power Transducer Analog Input/Output Infrared Interface Make all connections to the top of the TransPort unit as shown in Figure 2-2 below. Please note that you only need to make the proper transducer connections.
April 2004 !WARNING! To ensure the safe operation of the TransPort, you must install and operate it as described in this manual. In addition, be sure to follow all applicable safety codes and regulations for installing electrical equipment in your area. Transducer Connections The transducer cables connect to the TransPort with LEMO® coaxial type connectors. Each color-coded cable has a collar labeled UPSTREAM or DOWNSTREAM.
April 2004 Analog Input/Output Connections (cont.
April 2004 Charging and/or Replacing Batteries The PT878GC comes with self-contained, built-in rechargeable batteries to support portable operation. For optimum performance, these batteries require a minimum of maintenance. Charging the Batteries When you receive the PT878GC, you will need to initially charge the batteries. The batteries must be charged up to 8 hours to receive the maximum charge. When fully charged, the batteries provide 8 hours of continuous operation.
April 2004 Replacing the Batteries Caution! Replace batteries only with the specified rechargeable batteries. The battery charges when the unit is off. Do not attempt to recharge nonrechargeable batteries. If you need to replace the rechargeable batteries, use 5 Cs-size NiCad high energy rechargeable batteries (GE Panametrics Part Number 200-058) or 3.0 Ahr NiMH batteries (part number 200081).
April 2004 Powering On and Off To operate the PT878GC, the power cord must be plugged into line voltage or the battery must be charged as described previously. IMPORTANT: For CE compliance, the PT878GC is classified as a battery-powered device, and cannot be used with the AC adaptor. To turn the meter on, press the red button in the upper-right-hand corner of the keypad. Immediately upon power up the PT878GC emits a short beep and displays a “PCI Loader” message.
April 2004 Powering On and Off (cont.) After the meter conducts all the self checks, the screen then appears similar to the one shown in Figure 2-4 below. ABC.SIT 2004/11/30 Velocity, ft/s 09:53 AM Signal, dB 32 0.00 Delta-T, ns 0.10 Volume, l/s 0.
April 2004 Powering On and Off (cont.) To turn the PT878GC off, press the red key for 3 seconds. The screen now appears similar to Figure 2-5 below. Velocity, ft/s Signal, dB Delta-T, ns Volume, l/s SHUTDOWN: Meter OFF SLEEP: Meter Idle CANCEL: Resume Operations Shutdown Sleep Resume Figure 2-5: The Shutdown Menu Three options are available: • Press [F1] to shut down the PT878GC, turning it completely off. • Press [F2] to send the PT878GC into sleep mode.
April 2004 Using the Screen and Keypad The essential features for operating the TransPort are the screen and keypad. Although these features are common on portable instruments, the PT878GC design offers unique features to simplify and speed operation. Screen The primary function of the screen is to display information in order for you to accurately and easily take measurements. The TransPort screen consists of seven parts (see Figure 2-6 below).
April 2004 Screen (cont). The middle of the screen is the work area, which displays the measured parameters, numeric measurements, and both bar and line graphs. (When you enter a selection on the Main Menu discussed in Chapter 4, Programming Site Data, this area displays menu prompts.) A line at the bottom of the area also displays error code messages, which are described in more detail in Chapter 10, Diagnostics and Troubleshooting.
April 2004 Keypad The PT878GC keypad has 25 keys. The functions for each key are as follows (see Figure 2-7 on the next page): • 3 function keys ([F1], [F2], [F3]) — enable you to select the special functions which appear at the bottom of the screen. • 12 numeric keys (including - and .) — enable you to enter numeric data. • 4 arrow keys ([W ], [X], [S], [T]) — enable you to move through the menu options. • [?] — Help key enables you to access on-line help.
April 2004 Keypad (cont.
April 2004 Obtaining On-Line Help The TransPort offers on-line help screens that describe various features. You can access on-line help at any time by pressing the [?] key. The screen appears similar to Figure 2-8 below. Help Velocity, ft/s Signal, dB Table of Contents Use the arrows and the enter key to select from the links below. Press [F2] to return to the TOC.
April 2004 Chapter 3 Installing the Dampening Material, Transducers and Fixtures Since the PT878GC is specifically designed for gas measurement with clamp-on transducers, it requires the use of specially designed fixtures and dampening material to maintain the highest possible measurement accuracy. GE Panametrics supplies the CFG series of fixtures: • The V1 clamping fixture for pipes with diameters between 0.75 and 1.25 in. (20 to 30 mm). • The V4 clamping fixture for pipes with diameters between 1.
April 2004 CFG-V1 CFG-V8 PI Fixture CFG-V4 CFG-V12 Layout Tape Dummy Block Chain Strap Figure 3-1: The V Series and PI Fixtures 3-2 Installing the Dampening Material, Transducers and Fixtures
April 2004 Application Requirements Before you begin to use the PT878GC, you should ensure that your meter can handle the frequencies required for your particular application. To check the capabilities of your particular PT878GC, refer to the back label of the PT878GC, shown in Figure 3-2 below. The gray label below “Communication” lists the meter type and transducer frequency the PT878GC can support.
April 2004 Table 3-1: PT878GC Installation Requirements Installation Requirements for Minimum Required Pressure with Resultant Maximum Flow Pipe Size in. (mm) Transducer Frequency (MHz) Number of Traverses Pipe Wall Thickness in. (mm) 4” (100) 0.5 1 6” (150) 8” (200) 10” (250) 12” (300) 14” (350) 16” (400) 18” (450) 20” (500) 24” (600) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Pressure psig (bar) Maximum Flow Velocity ft/s (m/s) Air NG Air NG Steam <0.24 (6.1) 60 (5.1) 150 (11.
April 2004 Preparing the Pipe 1. Locate a transducer measurement point with 20 diameters of upstream straight run pipe and 10 diameters of downstream straight run pipe. In addition, the point should be at least 10 diameters from any butt welds or flanges. Keep appropriate clearance on either side of the pipe for easy transducer installation: • • 150 mm (6 in.) if you are not using a junction box, or 225 mm (9 in.) if you are using a junction box.
April 2004 Performing a Pipe Survey Finding a location where the pipe is concentric is important for optimum accuracy and performance. If possible, perform a pipe survey with an ultrasonic thickness gauge to find the best location. 2. Clear rust or loose paint and measure the wall thickness at five points along the pipe axis at 25 mm (1-in.) intervals using an ultrasonic thickness gauge, as shown in Figure 3-4 below. Check each point three times and record the mean values.
April 2004 Performing a Pipe Survey (cont.) 4. Now measure the OD and the wall thickness at eight points along the pipe circumference at 45° intervals (shown in Figure 3-6 below), three times per point, and record the mean values. OD1 OD2 W1 W2 OD3 W8 W3 W7 W4 OD4 W6 W5 Figure 3-6: Measuring the OD and Pipe Wall Thickness 5. Prepare the pipe for the dampening material by removing any rust or loose paint and sanding down any rough spots in an area 12 in. long around the circumference of the pipe.
April 2004 Obtaining the Transducer Spacing 1. Using the measured OD and the pipe wall thickness, program the PT878GC (discussed in Chapter 4, Programming Site Data) to determine the required transducer spacing. 2. To determine the PT878GC correction factor, calculate the mean inside pipe diameter (ID) and the pipe ID at the transducer locations.
April 2004 Installing the V Series Clamping Fixture and Transducers Note: A complete installation involves the clamping fixture, transducers and dampening material. If you are using dampening material, refer to Installing Dampening Material on page 3-21. To install the V Series clamping fixture and transducers, complete the following steps: Installing the Fixture 1. Position the half of the clamping fixture with the threaded rods around the pipe, as shown in Figure 3-7 below.
April 2004 Installing the Fixture (cont.) The two fixture halves have measuring scales; ensure that the scales are on the same side of the fixture, so that both zeros start at the same origin, as shown in Figure 3-8 below. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Figure 3-8: Fixture with Scale Origins Properly Aligned 3. Install the four nuts onto the threaded rods with the convex side of the nut facing the fixture. Hand tighten the nuts on each V block evenly, as shown in Figure 3-9 below.
April 2004 Installing the Transducers 1. Apply a bead of couplant 6 mm (0.25 in.) wide along the entire length of each transducer face, as shown in Figure 3-10 below. Figure 3-10: Couplant on Transducer Face Note: Do not slide the transducer with couplant along the surface of the pipe when mounting the transducer. 2. Set the first mounting block (either left edge or right edge) at a convenient number on the scale, such as 1 in. or 1 cm.
April 2004 Installing the Transducers (cont.) 3. Slide the second mounting block to the calculated spacing plus the initial scale number selected for the first mounting block. For example: a. Initial convenient number for the first mounting block = 1 cm or 1 in. b. Spacing as calculated by the PT878GC = 0.5 in. or 12.5 mm c. Second mounting block final location = 1 + 0.5 in. = 1.5 in. or 1 cm + 1.25 cm = 2.
April 2004 Installing the PI Fixture and Transducers The PI clamping fixture holds transducers on pipes from 8 to 24 in. in diameter. It comes with either a chain or strap, depending on the selection made with the initial order from GE Panametrics. To install the fixture and transducers, complete the following steps: Surveying the Pipe 1. Measure the pipe circumference to an accuracy of ±2 mm (±1/16 in.) IMPORTANT: Do not use a calculated value or a nominal value for the circumference. 2.
April 2004 Surveying the Pipe (cont.) Figure 3-14: Marking the 3 o’Clock Position 4. To find the coinciding point on the opposite site of the pipe (180° away from each other), divide the measured circumference by 2 and measure this distance along the circumferential lines from the zero point, as shown in Figure 3-15 below. Place marks on both sides of the circumferential lines made with the layout tape and connect the marks.
April 2004 Surveying the Pipe (cont.
April 2004 Installing the First Bracket with a Chain or Strap The following steps describe how to install the PI fixture with a supplied chain or strap. 1. Carefully wrap the chain or strap around the pipe, taking care not to twist it. 2. Loosen the wing nuts up to the end of the J-hooks. Then hook the chain into the tightest links and loosely hand tighten the wing nuts. If you are using a strap, insert the J-hook into the smaller round hole on the strap. 3.
April 2004 Installing the Second Bracket with a Chain or Strap Note: The following step requires the transducer spacing discussed on page 3-7. 1. Measure the spacing from the zero point (the point of circumferential origin). Mark the spacing point with a crosshair on the opposite side of the pipe, 180° from the zero point (as shown in Figure 3-19 below). Figure 3-19: Measuring and Marking Spacing 2. Carefully wrap the chain or strap around the pipe, taking care not to twist it. 3.
April 2004 Installing the Second Bracket (cont.) The spacing should now appear similar to that shown in Figure 3-21 below. S S Figure 3-21: The Installed CFG-PI Fixture, with Calculated Spacing Installing the Transducers 1. Check to be sure the second CFG-PI holder bracket is correctly positioned. 2. Apply a bead of CPL-16 couplant 6 mm (0.25 in.) wide on each transducer face. (See Figure 3-22 below.
April 2004 Installing the Second Bracket (cont.) Note: Do not slide the transducer with couplant along the surface of the pipe when mounting the transducer. 3. With one hand, mount one transducer into the PI fixture. With the other hand, tighten the thumbscrew, gradually pushing the transducer down to the pipe surface. IMPORTANT: Do not use pliers or a wrench on the thumbscrew. 4. Repeat step 3 for the other transducer.
April 2004 Installing Dampening Material GE Panametrics strongly recommends applying DMP dampening material in ALL clamp-on applications to help eliminate signal noise. The material comes in two versions: • The DMP-1 self-adhesive sheet for applications up to 150°F (66°C). The material comes as two 9.5-in. (24 cm) wide sheets cut in sufficient length to cover the pipe circumference plus an additional tenth of a circumference.
April 2004 Installing DMP-1 Dampening Material with CFG-V Series Fixtures 1. Be sure the CFG-V clamping fixture is installed on the pipe with the transducers as described in the section Installing the V Series Clamping Fixture and Transducers on page 3-8. With a marker, mark scribe lines on the inside edges of the brackets onto the pipe. These lines indicate where to apply the material. (One 9.5-in. roll fits between the brackets.) 2. Remove the fixture and transducers. 3.
April 2004 Installing DMP-1 Dampening Material with CFG-V Series Fixtures (cont.) 7. With a marker, trace around the transducer footprint, as shown in Figure 3-24 below. Figure 3-24: DMP-1 Material with Transducer Footprint Traced 8. Remove the fixture and transducer. Then use a utility knife to cut out the area under the transducer footprint, and peel the cut material off the pipe, as shown in Figure 3-25 below. Figure 3-25: DMP-1 Material with Transducer Footprint Cut Out 9.
April 2004 Installing DMP-1 Dampening Material with CFG-V Series Fixtures (cont.) 11. Lay the second strip of dampening material flat. Then cut the strip into two pieces, each 4.5-in. (12 cm) wide. 12. Wrap each of these strips around the pipe on the outside edge of the clamping fixture, one upstream and one downstream. The completed dampening material installation should appear similar to Figure 3-26 below.
April 2004 Installing DMP-1 Dampening Material with PI Fixture 1. Be sure the PI clamping fixture is installed onto the pipe with the transducers as described in the section Installing the PI Fixture and Transducers on page 3-12. 2. Approximate the axial distance from one transducer face to the other transducer face, as shown in Figure 3-27 below. Figure 3-27: Distance Between Transducer Faces 3. Lay the first strip of dampening material flat.
April 2004 Installing DMP-1 Dampening Material with PI Fixture Figure 3-28: Completed DMP-1 Installation 3-25
April 2004 Installing DMP-3 Compound with All Fixtures 1. Be sure the fixture and transducers are installed on the pipe as described in the previous sections of this chapter. 2. Remove the fixture and transducers, but be sure to mark the approximate area of installation. 3. Remove any loose paint or rust with a file or emery cloth, as shown in Figure 3-29a below. If the finish is mirror-smooth, roughen the surface. (a) (b) Figure 3-29: Filing (a) and Degreasing (b) the Pipe Surface 4.
April 2004 Installing DMP-3 Compound with All Fixtures (cont.) 6. Spread the DMP-3 material so that it covers the whole area under the fixture to a thickness of about 0.25 in. (6.4 mm), as shown in Figure 3-31a below. (a) (b) Figure 3-31: Spreading the DMP-3 (a) and Reinstalling the Fixture (b) 7. Position the transducer yokes to the correct spacing and reinstall the fixture around, but not on, the DMP-3 material, as shown in Figure 3-31b above. 8.
April 2004 Installing the PDJ Dampening Jacket If the pipe temperature is over 150°F, you must use the PDJ pipe dampening jacket with preapplied DMP-3. As the dampening material dries out over several hours after installation, its effectiveness increases. The jacket is available in standard pipe sizes from 4 to 12 in. (100 to 300 mm). 1. Remove any insulation from the installation area, as well as any loose paint, rust and high spots from the pipe. 2.
April 2004 Installing the PDJ Dampening Jacket (cont.) !WARNING! The pipe and the dripping fluid will cause severe burns upon contact with bare skin. Also, be sure not to inhale the fumes generated during the DMP-3 curing cycle. 4. Install the fixture over the jacket, adjusting the spacing to match the prestamped transducer holes and PT878GC spacing calculations. 5. Apply a thin bead of CPL-16 couplant. Spread it in a thin layer about 6 mm (0.25 in.) wide on each transducer face. 6.
April 2004 Chapter 4 Programming Site Data On the PT878GC, a Program Menu (part of the Main Menu) enables you to enter information that is specific to each site: • • • • • • • • • Transducer types and paths Pipe materials and linings Fluid types Standard volume and mass flow parameters Skan/Measure parameters Analog input and output parameters Digital output parameters User functions Correction factors For immediate operation, the PT878GC requires only transducer, pipe and fluid data.
April 2004 Entering the Program Menu To enter the Program Menu, press the [MENU] key at the lower right of the PT878GC keypad. The Menu Bar replaces the Status Bar at the top of the screen. Press the [X] arrow key once to scroll from the Site Menu to the Program Menu. At the Program Menu, press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 4-1 below.
April 2004 Entering Transducer Parameters To enter the Transducer option, scroll to the Transducer entry on the Program Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 4-2 below. To step through each parameter (or reach a particular parameter), press the [T] key. Refer to Figure A-3 on page A-3 of Appendix A, Menu Maps Note: Refer to Chapter 3 for additional information about clamp-on gas transducers and fixture configurations. .
April 2004 Entering Transducer Parameters (cont.) Note: The choices made earlier in the Transducer and Pipe options determine the prompts available later. If the PT878GC does not scroll to a particular parameter, it is not necessary for that transducer or pipe type. 2. The next prompt asks you to enter the transducer number, or to specify that you are using a special application transducer. a. From the Type prompt, press the [T] key to reach the Transducer prompt, and press [ENTER]. b.
April 2004 Parameters for Special Transducers 3. The prompt asks for the transducer frequency, to transmit a voltage at a rate to which the transducer can respond. a. From the Transducer prompt, press the [T] key to reach the Frequency prompt, and press [ENTER]. b. A drop-down list of five frequencies opens, ranging from 0.25 to 4.00 MHz. Scroll to the frequency of your transducers, and press [ENTER]. 4. The next prompt asks for Tw, the time delay.
April 2004 Parameters for Special Transducers (cont.) 7. Finally, the PT878GC requires the wedge sound speed. a. From the Wedge Temp prompt, press the [T] key to reach the Wedge SS prompt, and press [ENTER]. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the GE Panametricssupplied wedge sound speed (in ft/sec or m/sec) and press [ENTER]. Pressing the [T] key returns the meter to the Transducer tab at the top. • To confirm the entries and return to Operate Mode, press [F3] (OK).
April 2004 Entering Pipe Parameters To enter the Pipe option, scroll to the Pipe entry on the Program Menu and press [ENTER]. (From the Transducer window, you can scroll back up to the Transducer tab and press the [X] arrow key to reach the Pipe window and press [ENTER].) The screen appears similar to Figure 4-3 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure A-4 on page A-4 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.
April 2004 Entering Pipe Parameters (cont.) 1. The first prompt asks you to select the pipe material. a. Press [ENTER] to enter the material prompt. b. A drop-down list of materials opens. Table 4-1 below lists the available preprogrammed materials on the list. Press the [T] or [S] keys to scroll to the appropriate material, or scroll to “Other” for a material not on the list. You can press the [X] key to scroll down by a page, or the [W] key to scroll up by a page.
April 2004 Entering Pipe Parameters (cont.) 2. At this point, the program follows one of two paths: a. If you have selected a preprogrammed material, the PT878GC automatically supplies the correct sound speed, and proceeds to step 3. b. If you have selected “Other,” the meter prompts you to enter the sound speed. Use the numeric keys to type the known sound speed in the text box, and press [ENTER] to confirm the choice. 3. At this point, two alternatives are available.
April 2004 Entering Pipe Parameters (cont.) If you select a material that has the Schedule option: a. The prompt asks if you wish to apply DIN (the DIN schedule). Press [ENTER] to select (or deselect) the DIN box. (If you do not select the DIN option, the prompt moves to the OD text box, and you enter the parameters for the Diameter alternative as discussed on the previous page.) Note: If you have selected English units in the Meter Menu (as discussed on page 7-3), the schedules appear as ANSI. b.
April 2004 Entering Pipe Lining Parameters To enter the Lining option, scroll to the Lining entry on the Program Menu and press [ENTER]. (From the Pipe window, you can scroll back up to the Pipe tab and press the [X] arrow key to reach the Lining window, and press [ENTER].) The screen appears similar to Figure 4-4 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. While programming, refer to Figure A-3 on page A-3 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.
April 2004 Entering Pipe Lining Parameters (cont.) Note: If your pipe lining is not on the drop-down list, consult GE Panametrics for further information. 2. The program follows one of two paths: a. If you have selected a preprogrammed material, the PT878GC automatically supplies the correct sound speed, and you proceed to step 3. b. If you have selected “Other,” the meter prompts you to enter the sound speed. Press [ENTER].
April 2004 Entering Fluid Types and Speeds To access the Fluid option, scroll to the Fluid entry on the Program Menu and press [ENTER]. (If you are already in the Transducer/Pipe form, press the [X] arrow key to reach the Fluid window, and press [ENTER].) The screen appears similar to Figure 4-5 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure A-3 on page A-3 of Appendix A, Menu Maps. Transducer/Pipe Fluid Transducer Pipe Lining Fluid Fluid Type Sound Speed Path Other 345.
April 2004 Entering Fluid Types and Speeds (cont.) b. Scroll to the appropriate entry. If you do not see your fluid on the list, select “Other.” c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection. If you have selected a preprogrammed gas, the PT878GC supplies the sound speed. Pressing the [T] key returns you to the Fluid tab. However, if you have selected “Other,” the PT878GC prompts you to enter the sound speed. a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the known sound speed. c.
April 2004 Entering the Signal Path Parameters To enter the Path option, scroll to the Path entry on the Program Menu and press [ENTER]. (From the Lining window, you can scroll back up to the Lining tab and press the [X] arrow key to reach the Path window, and press [ENTER].) The screen appears similar to Figure 4-6 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure A-3 on page A-3 of Appendix A, Menu Maps. Transducer/Pipe Transducer Pipe Lining Fluid Path Path Length 248.
April 2004 Path Parameters for Clamp-On Transducers The PT878GC path menu includes two parameters for clamp-on transducers: • • Traverses Spacing 1. The PT878GC first prompts for traverses, the number of times the ultrasonic signal crosses the pipe. a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down list of traverse numbers. b. Scroll to the appropriate number. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry. 2. The next prompt displays the spacing of the transducers, as calculated from the information entered. a.
April 2004 Entering the Standard Volume/ Mass Flow Parameters The Standard Volume/Mass Flow option enables you to correct standard volumetric units for pressure and temperature, as well as to disable or enable mass flow. To enter this option, scroll to the Std Vol/Mass Flow entry on the Program Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 4-7 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure A-5 on page A-5 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.
April 2004 Entering the Standard Volume Parameters (cont.) 2. The next prompt asks for the base pressure. a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the known pressure. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry. 3. The next prompt asks for the atmospheric pressure. a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the local atmospheric pressure. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry. 4.
April 2004 Entering Inputs in the Standard Volume Option To enter input parameters in the Standard Volume/Mass Flow option, return to the Settings tab at the top of the Standard Volume window. Press the [X] arrow key and [ENTER] to open the Inputs window. The screen appears similar to Figure 4-8 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Std Vol/Mass Flow Settings Inputs Mass Flow Pressure Fixed Pressure Active 1.01 Bars Input # A Temperature Active Fixed Temp Input # B 15.
April 2004 Entering Inputs in the Standard Volume Option (cont.) 2. The next prompt appears if you have selected a fixed pressure. The PT878GC asks for the fixed pressure value. a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the known temperature (in degrees C or F). c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry. 3. Whether you have selected a fixed or an active supply, the PT878GC asks for the desired input. a. From the Pressure text box, press the [X] arrow key to reach the Input # menu.
April 2004 Entering Inputs in the Standard Volume Option (cont.) Note: If you have switched both active inputs to #A (or to #B), the PT878GC automatically switches one input to the other letter. This change ensures that only one analog input is assigned to one measurement type. Pressing the [T] key returns the meter to the Inputs tab. • To confirm the entries and return to Operate Mode, press [F3] (OK).
April 2004 Entering Mass Flow Parameters To enter mass flow parameters in the Standard Volume/Mass Flow option, press the [X] arrow key until you reach the Mass Flow tab, and then press [ENTER] to open the Mass Flow window. The screen appears similar to Figure 4-9 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Std Vol/Mass Flow Settings Mass Flow Inputs Mass Flow Enabled Disabled Calculation Method Saturated Steam Input Static Density Static Density Temperature 1.
April 2004 Entering Mass Flow Parameters (cont.) 2. If you have enabled Mass Flow, the next prompt asks for the calculation method. Three options are available: static density, saturated steam, and steam. a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the appropriate method for your application. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry. • If you select Saturated Steam: The prompt asks for the Saturated Steam input. Press [ENTER], scroll to either Temperature or Pressure, and press [ENTER].
April 2004 Entering Skan/Measure Parameters IMPORTANT: Do not change the Skan/Measure parameters unless recommended by GE Panametrics. If you select one of the Skan/Measure modes in the Measurement mode window in the Signal Setup option (see page 9-24), the PT878GC requires you to set up the appropriate parameters.
April 2004 Entering Skan/Measure Parameters (cont.) 1. The first prompt asks for the Percent of Peak, which is used to calculate the transit times and Delta-T. The default value is 50, and values from 1 to 100 are acceptable. a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the recommended value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry. 2. The next prompt asks for Skan-T Offset, a time measurement offset that compensates for any shift resulting from crosscorrelation.
April 2004 Entering Skan/Measure Parameters (cont.) Pressing the [T] key highlights the Advanced prompt. To enter advanced parameters for the Skan/Measure modes, press [ENTER]. The screen now appears similar to Figure 4-11 below. In each case, to enter a value: a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry.
April 2004 Entering Skan/Measure Parameters (cont.) 6. The next prompt enables you to reset the size of the transmit window. Normally, the PT878GC calculates the size of both transmit and receive windows based on pipe size and fluid sound speed. However, for special diagnostic purposes, it may sometimes be necessary to reset the window size. The default value is 0 and values from 0 to 1,000 are acceptable. 7. The next prompt enables you to reset the size of the receive window for diagnostic purposes.
April 2004 Entering Skan/Measure Integrate Parameters To enter parameters for the Skan/Measure Integrate mode in the Skan/Measure option, press the [X] arrow key once to reach the Integrate tab. Then press [ENTER] to open the Integrate window, which appears similar to Figure 4-12 below. Skan/Measure All Integrate Count Correlate 2.5 A Divisor Noise Level 5 % Measure Only Cancell OK Figure 4-12: The Integrate Window in the skan/ Measure Option 1.
April 2004 Entering Skan/Integrate Parameters (cont.) 3. If you wish to use Measure Times only (instead of both Skan and Measure times), press [ENTER] at the Measure Only prompt. (You can also press [ENTER] to deselect the prompt.) Pressing the [T] key returns the meter to the A Divisor entry, and pressing the [S] key returns the meter to the Integrate tab. • To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK).
April 2004 Entering Skan/Measure Count Parameters To open the Skan/Measure Count window in the Skan/Measure option, press the [X] arrow key twice (from the All tab) to reach the Count tab. Press [ENTER], and the screen appears similar to Figure 4-13 below. Skan/Measure All Integrate Count Correlate Cycle Number 1 Cycle Width 8 Noise Level 20 % SNR Test Measure Only Minimum Noise Level 5 % Low SNR Error Level 7 Cancell OK Figure 4-13: The Count Window in the Skan/Measure Option 1.
April 2004 Entering Skan/Measure Count Parameters (cont.) 3. The next prompt asks for the percentage of Noise Level. a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the recommended value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry. 4. If you wish to select (or deselect) Measure Times only (instead of both Skan and Measure times), press [ENTER] at the Measure Only prompt. 5.
April 2004 Entering Skan/Correlation Parameters To open the Skan/Correlation window in the Skan/Measure option, press the [X] arrow key three times (from the All tab) to reach the Correlate tab, and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 4-14 below.
April 2004 Entering Skan/Correlation Parameters (cont.) 2. Repeat step 1 to enter the maximum percentage of peak. 3. The next prompt asks for the Percent of Peak, which is used to calculate the transit times and Delta-T. a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry. 4. To select (or deselect) Measure Times only (instead of both Skan and Measure times), press [ENTER] at the Measure Only prompt.
April 2004 Entering Analog Inputs The Analog Inputs option enables you to specify parameters for general purpose or standard volume inputs. To enter the Analog Inputs option, scroll to the Analog Inputs entry on the Program Menu and press [ENTER]. If you have not enabled the Standard Volume Option (see page 4-18), the screen appears similar to Figure 4-15 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure A-6 on page A-6 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.
April 2004 Entering General-Purpose Analog Inputs (cont.) 2. The next prompt asks you to create a label for the input. The label corresponds to the measurement type (i.e., velocity or temperature), while the units symbol corresponds to the measurement units (i.e., feet/sec or degrees F). a. Press [ENTER] to open the text creation window, which appears similar to Figure 4-16 below. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 .
April 2004 Entering General-Purpose Analog Inputs (cont.) 3. The next prompt asks for the Units Symbol. a. Press [ENTER] to reopen the text creation window. b. Repeat the procedure used for the Label (on the previous page) to create the Units Symbol. c. When you have completed the entry, press [F3] (OK) to confirm the symbol, or [F2] (Cancel) to leave the window without adding the symbol. If you confirm the symbol, the Units symbol will appear to the right of the zero and span text boxes. 4.
April 2004 Entering Analog Inputs in Standard Volume or Mass Flow Option If you have enabled the Standard Volume or Mass Flow options, the screen displays different options, as shown in Figure 4-17 below. Analog Input Input A Input B Function Pressure Label Pressure Units Bars Zero 0 Psia Span 100 Psia Cancell OK Figure 4-17: The Analog Inputs Option Window, with the Standard Volume Option Activated 1.
April 2004 Entering Analog Inputs in the Standard Volume or Mass Flow Option (cont.) You have completed entering parameters in the Analog Inputs option. • To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK). The PT878GC returns to Operate Mode. • To leave the window without confirming the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F2] (Cancel) or the [ESC] key.
April 2004 Entering the Analog Output The Analog Output option enables you to enter information to set up output parameters. To enter the option, scroll to the Analog Output entry on the Program Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 4-18 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure A-6 on page A-6 of Appendix A, Menu Maps. Analog Output Function 0-20 mA Velocity m/s Data Source Zero 0 Span 25.
April 2004 Entering the Analog Output (cont.) 2. The next prompt asks you to select the analog output type from a number of choices, as shown in Figure 4-19 below. Select Measurement Diagnostics m/s Velocity Temperature Pressure Volume UserFunction Aux Input A Aux Input B Skan/Measure Mass Flow No Unit OK Cancell Figure 4-19: Data Source Selection Window a. Press [ENTER] to open the window. b. Scroll to the desired output type. c. Press [SEL] to confirm your selection. d.
April 2004 Entering the Analog Output (cont.) 3. The next prompt asks you to enter the zero (base) value for the analog output. This value represents the 0/4 mA output (in flow units). a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection. 4. The next prompt asks you to enter the span (full scale) value for the analog output. This value represents the 20 mA output (in flow units). a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b.
April 2004 Entering the Digital Output While resembling the Analog Output option, the Digital Output option enables you to set up parameters necessary for a digital output. To enter the option, scroll to the Digital Output entry on the Program Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 4-20 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure A-7 on page A-7 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.
April 2004 Entering the Digital Output (cont.) a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the desired function. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection. Note: If you select Off, you will not be able to access any other parameters in this option. If you select Test Points or Gate Input, the program goes at once to Step 4. 2. The next prompt asks you to select the data source for the digital output from a number of choices.
April 2004 Entering the Digital Output (cont.) d. The prompt then moves to a list of unit types. (The available units depend on the selection made at the Data Source prompt.) Scroll to the desired output unit. e. Press [F3] (OK) to confirm your selection. 3. The last set of parameters that appears depends on the selection you made at the Function prompt. If you selected Pulse Totalizer: The prompt asks for the units/pulse, the pulse width (in microseconds), and the polarity.
April 2004 Entering the Digital Output (cont.) If you entered Test Points: The prompt asks for the signal type from two choices: transmit or receive. a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the required signal. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection. If you entered Gate Input: 1. The first prompt asks for the gate active. a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down menu. b. Scroll to the gate, either Contact Open or Contact Closed. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection. 2.
April 2004 Entering User Functions User functions enable you to perform mathematical equations on each measurement. You can also use any parameter in the meter to calculate a different parameter. To enter the User Functions option, scroll to the User Functions entry on the Program Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 4-21 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure A-7 on page A-7 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.
April 2004 Entering User Functions (cont.) 2. The next prompt asks you to create a label for the function. The label corresponds to the measurement type (i.e., velocity or temperature), while the units symbol corresponds to the measurement units (i.e., feet/sec or degrees F). a. Press [ENTER] to open the text creation window, which appears similar to Figure 4-22 below. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 .
April 2004 Entering User Functions (cont.) 3. The next prompt asks for the Units Symbol. a. Press [ENTER] to reopen the text creation window. b. Repeat the procedure used for the Label (on the previous page) to create the Units Symbol. c. When you have completed the entry, press [F3] (OK) to confirm the symbol, or [F2] (Cancel) to leave the window without adding the symbol. 4. The next prompt asks you to select the number of decimal places. a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down menu. b.
April 2004 Entering User Functions (cont.) - + * ^ E abs log sqrt MODE sin cos tblA tblB Delete ( ) exp inv ln tan asin acos atan tblC tblD tblE tblF / Cancel OK Figure 4-23: The Function Creation Window c. To enter a particular measured parameter into the equation, click on the MODE symbol in the middle of the third row. The Select Measurement window (shown in Figure 4-19 on page 4-40) opens.
April 2004 Entering Correction Factors The final option in the Program Menu, Correction Factors, allows you to enter and modify three correction factors: Reynolds Correction, Kinematic Viscosity and Calibration Factor. To enter the Correction Factors option, scroll to the Correction Factors entry on the Program Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 4-24 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. Refer to Figure A-7 on page A-7 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.
April 2004 Entering Reynolds Correction (cont.) b. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection. Note: If you disable Reynolds Correction, you will not be able to enter any other values in this window. 2. If you enable Reynolds Correction, you will also need to enter the Kinematic Viscosity of the gas (available in the brochure Sound Speeds and Pipe Size Data, 914-004). The next prompt asks if you wish to enter the Kinematic Viscosity as a single number, or as a table of values. a.
April 2004 Entering Reynolds Correction (cont.) b. Enter the desired measurement and units as described on page 4-40. c. Press [F3] (OK) to confirm your selection. 4. The prompt then asks if you wish to edit the Reynolds Correction table. a. Press [ENTER] to open the table, which appears similar to Figure 4-25 below. Edit Reynolds Table Inputs Data Source 0 Re 1 2 3 4 5 Cancell OK Figure 4-25: Window for Reynolds Correction Table b.
April 2004 Entering Reynolds Correction (cont.) e. When you have completed entering values, press [F3] (OK) to confirm the table and return to the Correction Factors window. You have completed entering data for a Reynolds Correction table. • To confirm the entries, press [F3] (OK). The meter returns to Operate Mode. • To leave the window without confirming the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F2] (Cancel) or the [ESC] key.
April 2004 Entering a Calibration Factor (cont.) 1. The first prompt asks if you wish to enable the calibration factor. a. Use the [W ] and [X] keys to scroll to the appropriate radio button. b. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection. 2. The next prompt asks if you want a single K factor or a table of K factors. a. Use the [W ] and [X] keys to scroll to the appropriate radio button. b. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection. 3. The following steps depend on whether you select a single value or a table.
April 2004 Entering a Calibration Factor (cont.) b. Enter the desired measurement and units as described on page 4-40. c. Press [F3] (OK) to confirm your selection. 4. The prompt then asks if you wish to edit the K factor table. a. Press [ENTER] to open the table, which appears similar to Figure 4-27 below. Edit KFactor Table Inputs Data Source 0 KFactor 1 2 3 4 5 Cancell OK Figure 4-27: The KFactor Table b.
April 2004 Entering a Calibration Factor (cont.) You have completed entering data for correction factors. • To confirm the entries and return to Operate Mode, press [F3] (OK). • To leave the window without confirming the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F2] (Cancel) or the [ESC] key. In either case, the meter returns to Operate Mode.
April 2004 Chapter 5 Creating and Managing Sites The PT878GC can store site data in files for current and future access. (To learn how to program setup data, refer to Chapter 4, Programming Site Data.) After you answer the necessary questions, simply save the information to a site file. The Site Manager option then enables you to recall, rename, print, transfer or delete site files as needed. To open the Site Menu, press the [MENU] key at the lower right of the PT878GC keypad.
April 2004 The Site Manager From the Site Menu, press [ENTER] to open the Site Manager. The screen appears similar to Figure 5-2 below. Site Manager File Site Sort DEFAULT Info: DEFAULT:SIT New Site **CURRENT SITE** 03/04/04 14:51:10 5111 bytes 118272 bytes free Refresh Exit Figure 5-2: The Site Manager Window Note: Each PT878GC comes preprogrammed with a basic site, Default, which serves as a basis for saving data and creating other sites.
April 2004 The Site Manager (cont.) Site Manager File Site Sort New Info: DEFAULT:SIT DEFAULT New Site Open Save Save As Refresh Rename Delete 09/04/04 14:51:10 5111 bytes 118272 bytes free Refresh Exit Figure 5-3: The Site Manager Menu • • To create a new site, go to page 5-4. • • • • To save a current site, go to page 5-7. To open an existing site (thus replacing the current site), go to page 5-6. To refresh site information, go to page 5-9. To rename a site, go to page 5-9.
April 2004 Creating a New Site To create a new site in the Site Manager, press [MENU] in the Site Manager. Be sure the option New is highlighted, and then press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 5-4 below. New Site A B C D E F G H I Q Y J R Z K S 0 L T 1 M U 2 N V 3 O W 4 P X 5 6 7 8 9 Delete OK Cancel Figure 5-4: Name Entry Window for a New Site 1. Use the four arrow keys to scroll to the desired letter or number, and press [ENTER]. 2.
April 2004 Creating a New Site (cont.) New Site New Site A I Q Y 6 B C D E F G Use the selected site J K L M N O ‘DEFAULT.SIT’ as a template? R S T U V W Z 0 1 2 3 4 7 8 H P X 5 9 No Yes Figure 5-5: Template Confirmation Window The meter returns to Operate Mode, with the new site name displayed in the upper left corner of the screen.
April 2004 Opening an Existing Site If you want to return to a second site that you have previously saved, first highlight the replacement site in the left window of the Site Manager. Then press [MENU] to open the File Menu. Scroll to the Open option, and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 5-6 below.
April 2004 Saving a Site You can save the current site in one of two ways: • From the Site Menu, you can scroll down to the Save Now option and press [ENTER], or • From within the Site Manager, press [MENU], scroll to the Save option, and press [ENTER]. In either case, the screen appears similar to Figure 5-7 below. Save Site Save the current site (DEFAULT.SIT)? No Yes Figure 5-7: The Save Current Site Window • • Press [F2] (No) to cancel saving the site, or Press [F3] (Yes) to save the site.
April 2004 Saving a Site with a Different Name If you want to save the current site with a different name, open the Site Manager, press [MENU] to open the File Menu, scroll to the Save As option, and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 5-8 below. Save Current Site A B C D E F G H I Q Y J R Z K S 0 L T 1 M U 2 N V 3 O W 4 P X 5 6 7 8 9 Delete OK Cancel Figure 5-8: The Save As (Another Name) Window 1.
April 2004 Refreshing a Site You can refresh a site (updating the display with the most current information) in one of two ways: • • Press [F2], Refresh, to refresh the highlighted file. From the File Menu, scroll to the Refresh option and press [ENTER]. The updated information on the highlighted file appears in the window on the right. Renaming a Site If you want to rename a site, first be sure the site has been highlighted in the left window of the Site Manager.
April 2004 Deleting a Site To delete a site in the Site Manager, first be sure you have highlighted that site in the left window of the Site Manager. Then press [MENU], scroll to the Delete option, and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 5-10 below. Site Manager Delete Confirmation File Programming Re DEFAULT Delete The Info:DEFAULT Site ‘A.
April 2004 Creating a Site Message The Site Message option allows you to add an explanatory message (with up to 30 characters or spaces) for any given site. To create a site message: 1. Press [MENU] to enter the File Menu. Then press the [X] arrow key once to scroll from the File Menu to the Site Menu. Press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 5-11 below.
April 2004 Creating a Site Message (cont.) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . , “ ‘ = < > Delete Cancel OK Figure 5-12: The Text Creation Window 3. Use the four arrow keys to scroll to the desired letter or symbol, and press [ENTER] to add the letter to the message. Note: Pressing [SEL] causes the screen to alternate between a set of upper-case (capital) letters, a set of lower-case letters, and a set of symbols.
April 2004 Printing a File To print a file from the Site Manager, press [MENU] to enter the File Menu, press the [X] arrow key once, scroll to the Print option, and press [ENTER]. The PT878GC shows a message indicating that its infrared scanner is looking for a receiving device. (If the scanner finds no device, a window appears indicating that the meter can find no device. If it finds more than one compatible infrared device within range, it asks you to select the desired device.
April 2004 Transferring a Site to a PC (cont.) Figure 5-13: The IR_Inbox Folder with Transferred Site File Transferring a File as Text If you want to review site programming data as text, the PT878GC can transfer a site file to a PC in a Unicode text format that can be opened by text editors such as Notepad or Word. Again, you must have an infrared sensor connected to the PC (or incorporated into the PC) that can receive data from the PT878GC IR beam. 1.
April 2004 Transferring a File from a PC to the PT878GC Once you have stored site or meter files to a PC, you can then transfer them back to the PT878GC over the IR interface. The PT878GC only accepts files with a .sit (site) or .met (meter) extension. If you rename another type of file with one of these extensions and transfer it, it will be transferred, but will not function if you open it.
April 2004 Transferring a File from a PC to the PT878GC (cont.) QuickBeam opens a window indicating that it is downloading the file. If you close and reopen the Site Manager, the file appears as one of the listed sites. Note: While sending or receiving files, the PT878GC continues to perform measurements, but at a slower rate than normal.
April 2004 Listing Files by Name If you want to list your files alphabetically by site name within the Site Manager, press [MENU] to open the File Menu. Then press the [X] arrow key twice to scroll from the File Menu to the Sort Menu, shown in Figure 5-15 below. Press [ENTER]. The Site Manager screen refreshes, with the sites listed in alphabetical order.
April 2004 Chapter 6 Displaying and Configuring Data The PT878GC allows you to view from one to four different measurement parameters simultaneously. The screen can show these parameters not only in numeric format, but as line or bar graphs as well. You can configure any given measurement for your particular requirements. To configure an individual measurement, press [SEL] from the Operate Mode window shown in Figure 2-5 on page 2-9. A cursor appears next to the parameter closest to the upper left corner.
April 2004 The Format Option The first option on the menu, Format, allows you to specify the type of notation and the number of decimal places for the measurement in that window. Press [ENTER] and the submenu shows two options, Decimal Place and Notation. Press the [T] or [S] arrow keys to select either entry, and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 6-2 below. To scroll to a particular parameter or menu entry, press the [T] or [S] key.
April 2004 The Format Option (cont.) 2. The second step asks you to choose the number of decimal places to be displayed. Available choices range from 0 to 4 places. a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down list. b. Scroll to the appropriate number. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your choice. • To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK). • To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel) or the [ESC] key.
April 2004 The View Option The second option, View, allows you to select the presentation of a parameter in one of three formats: numeric, line graph or bar graph. 1. From the Display Menu, press the [X] key once to reach the View option, and then press [ENTER]. 2. A drop-down menu shows the three formats. Scroll to the appropriate selection. 3. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection. The screen immediately displays any changes.
April 2004 The Limits Option Once you have configured a parameter as a line or bar graph, you might need to change its presentation or values. The Limits option (replacing the Format option for line and bar graphs) enables you to program the minimum or maximum values displayed, the time interval and the display of the average value. To enter the Limits option: 1. Press [SEL] from the Operate Mode window until you have reached the desired measurement. 2. Press [ENTER] to open the Display Menu. 3.
April 2004 The Limits Option (cont.) 4. The first prompt asks for the minimum value shown in the graph. a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the value. 5. Repeat the procedure in step 5 to enter the maximum value. A line graph involves two more prompts. 6. The next prompt asks for the display interval. a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired number. Press [ENTER] to confirm the value.
April 2004 The Measurement Option On occasion, you might need to change the actual parameter measured in a given window.The Measurement option enables you to reconfigure the window with one of five categories of data source (velocity, volume, forward or reverse totalizer, or diagnostics) and appropriate English or metric measurement units. To enter the Measurement option: 1. Press [SEL] from the Operate Mode window until you have reached the desired measurement. 2. Press [ENTER] to open the Display Menu.
April 2004 The Measurement Option (cont.
April 2004 Customizing the Display Screen You might wish to display one or two parameters, or customize the soft keys to quickly access particular menus. The Site Menu enables you to make more comprehensive changes in your display screen. To enter the Site Menu, press the [MENU] key at the lower right of the PT878GC keypad. The Menu Bar replaces the Status Bar at the top of the screen. The Site Menu will be highlighted in the upper left corner. Press [ENTER] or the [T] arrow key.
April 2004 Specifying the Number of Displayed Parameters As mentioned earlier, the PT878GC can display one to four different measurement parameters simultaneously. However, sometimes you might wish to display only one or two parameters. To change the number of open display windows: 1. Press [MENU]. 2. From the Site Menu (shown in Figure 6-6 on page 6-8), use the [T]or [S] arrow keys to move to the desired number of views (1 View, 2 Views, etc.) Press [ENTER].
April 2004 Customizing Softkeys When the screen is in Operate mode, you might wish to access a particular submenu frequently without the trouble of scrolling through menus. Customizing the softkeys (the function keys — [F1], [F2] and [F3]) allows you to access up to three submenus by pressing the associated softkey. You can customize a softkey from the Site Menu or from within a particular menu. • To customize a softkey from the Site Menu: 1. Press [MENU]. 2.
April 2004 Customizing Softkeys (cont.) Configure FKey Select a menu item (CLEAR) Site Manager Save Now 1 View 2 Views Cancel OK Figure 6-9: The Configure FKey Window 4. Press [ENTER] to open the menu drop-down list. Then use the [T] or [S] arrow keys to scroll to the desired submenu (for example, Contrast). 5. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry, and press [F3] (OK) to confirm the entry and close the window. (Press [F2] (Cancel) to close the window without changing the key.
April 2004 Customizing Softkeys (cont.) 2004/3/30 ABC.SIT Velocity, m/s 5000 Gain, dB -1.5121 -5000 10 0.4 Delta-T, ns -1.65 09:53 AM -6 3 -30 Volume, ft3/s 0.0 E2: Soundspeed Contrast Figure 6-10: The Display Screen with Modified Softkey • To clear a softkey: 1. Press [MENU]. 2. From the Site Menu (shown in Figure 6-6 on page 6-8), use the [T] or [S] arrow keys to move to the FKeys entry on the menu. Press [ENTER]. The screen now appears similar to Figure 6-8 on page 6-11. 3.
April 2004 Managing Files — The Drive Manager On occasion, you might want to review, print or transfer some or all of the files in the PT878GC. The Drive Manager allows you to view all the files stored in the meter. To open the Drive Manager: 1. Press [MENU]. 2. From the Site Menu (shown in Figure 6-6 on page 6-8), use the [T] or [S] arrow keys to move to the Drive Manager entry on the menu. Press [ENTER]. The screen now appears similar to Figure 6-11 below. File Manager File Sort SYSLOG. DEFAULT. GLOBAL.
April 2004 Managing Files — The Drive Manager (cont.) File Manager Sort File Transfer SYSLOG. Refresh DEFAULT. Delete GLOBAL. TABLE.MET FUNCTIO AAA.LOG BBB.LOG CCC.LOG Q.LOG Info: SYSLOG.MET 03/15/04 10:39:20 6402 bytes 91136 bytes free Refresh Exit Figure 6-12: The File Manager Menu To transfer, refresh or delete a file, first be sure the file is highlighted in the window on the left. Then press [MENU] and scroll to the appropriate option, as shown in Figure 6-12 above. Press [ENTER].
April 2004 Refreshing a File You can refresh a file (updating the display with the most current information) in one of two ways: • Press [F2], Refresh, to refresh the highlighted file. • From the File Menu, scroll to the Refresh option and press [ENTER]. The updated information on the highlighted file appears in the window on the right. Transferring a File to a PC To upload a log, meter, screen capture (bitmap) or site file to a PC: 1.
April 2004 Transferring a File to a PC (cont.) Figure 6-13: The IR_Inbox Folder with Transferred File Transferring a File from a PC to the PT878GC Once you have stored site or meter files to a PC, you can then transfer them back to the PT878GC over the IR interface. The PT878GC only accepts files with a .sit (site) or .met (meter) extension. If you try renaming another type of file with a .sit or .met extension and transfer it, it will be transferred, but it will not function if you open it.
April 2004 Transferring a File from a PC to the PT878GC (cont.) Note: For Windows NT 4.0, check that the QuickBeam software (available through the path C:\Program Files\QuickBeam Suite) is running, and that the IR beam on the PT878GC has clear access to the IR sensor connected to the PC port. 2. You can send the file in one of two ways: • Click on the desired file, and drag it onto the rocket button in the QuickBeam window, as shown in Figure 6-14 below.
April 2004 Deleting a File To delete a file in the File Manager, first be sure you have highlighted that site in the left window of the File Manager. Then press [MENU], scroll to the Delete option, and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 6-15 below. File Manager Delete Confirmation File Programming Re DEFAULT Delete The Info:DEFAULT Site ‘A.
April 2004 Listing Files by Name If you want to list your files alphabetically by site name within the File Manager, press [MENU] to open the File Menu. Then press the [X] arrow key to scroll from the File Menu to the Sort Menu, shown in Figure 6-16 below. Press [ENTER]. The File Manager screen refreshes, with the sites listed in alphabetical order. File Manager File Sort Info: DEFAULT:SIT DEFAULT. SYS.LOG bBy Name GLOBAL.By DateNew Site TABLE.MET FUNCTIO AAA.LOG BBB.LOG CCC.LOG Q.
April 2004 Accessing Meter Data —The About Option The About option displays useful information concerning the model number and software version of your PT878GC. While the window normally appears briefly at startup, users might want to access the information for a longer period. To open the About window, scroll to the About option on the Site Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 6-17 below. g GE Panametrics PT878GC Portable Flowmeter Copyright ©2002 General Electric Co.
April 2004 Chapter 7 Programming Meter Settings Along with display formats and site data, PT878GC users can program global settings for the meter that suit their individual preferences.
April 2004 Entering the Meter Menu To enter the Meter Menu, press the [MENU] key at the lower right of the PT878GC keypad. The Main Menu replaces the Status Bar at the top of the screen. Press the [X] arrow key twice to scroll from the Site Menu to the Meter Menu. At the Meter Menu, press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 7-1 below. While programming, refer to Figure A-8 on page A-8 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.
April 2004 Selecting Measurement Units The first option, Units, enables you to select either English or Metric units as global measurement units for the PT878GC. The selected units then become the default settings for every measurement that has the option for metric/English units. In addition, you can select the type of pressure units displayed. To select the units, scroll to the Units entry on the Meter menu and press [ENTER]. The Meter Settings window opens, as shown in Figure 7-2 below.
April 2004 Selecting Measurement Units (cont.) a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down menu. b. Use the [T] and [S] arrow keys to scroll to the desired choice: • PSIA • KPA • Bars • MMGH c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry. • To confirm the entries and return to Operate Mode, press [F3] (OK). • To leave the window without confirming the entries, press [F2] (Cancel) or the [ESC] key. In either case, the meter returns to Operate Mode.
April 2004 The Battery Charger The Battery option allows you to monitor the current run time and status of the internal rechargeable batteries, as well as to condition NiCad batteries to maintain the maximum life possible. Conditioning NiCad batteries (a process that can take up to 12 hours for a fully charged pack) discharges the pack completely and then performs a fast charge. Note: When conditioning the batteries, be sure you have plugged the AC adapter into the PT878GC and pressed the power key.
April 2004 The Battery Charger (cont.) 3. To condition the batteries, press the [ENTER] key. The “Condition Battery” window should now read “Stop.” The status line should change to “Discharging.” (Updating the status could take up to 30 seconds.) Note: It is advisable to condition NiCad batteries when their run time is reduced to 50% of their previous run time. 4. To stop the discharge cycle, press the [ENTER] key and the “Condition Battery” window reappears. The status now changes to “On Charger.” 5.
April 2004 Entering Date and Time In Operate mode, the Status Bar displays the current date and time above the measurements in the upper right corner of the screen. The Date/Time option allows you to set the date or time, which are required for correct data logging operation. To set the time: 1. From the Meter menu, scroll to the Date/Time entry and press [ENTER]. The Meter Settings window reopens, as shown in Figure 7-2 on page 7-3. 2.
April 2004 Entering Date and Time (cont.) To set the date: 1. From the date text box, press the [T] key once to scroll to the time text box. This box displays the current meter time. 2. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. The meter highlights the first number. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll to any number you wish to change. 3. Two alternatives are available to change a highlighted number: • Use the numeric keys to enter the desired number.
April 2004 Changing Date and Time Appearance (Locale) In addition to setting the correct date and time, you can also change its presentation to suit local preferences. You can select a time display of AM/PM or 24-hour time To alter the time and date display: 1. From the Meter menu, scroll to the Locale entry and press [ENTER]. The Display Options window opens on the Format tab, as shown in Figure 7-4 below. To step through each parameter, press the [T] key.
April 2004 Changing Date and Time Appearance (cont.) 2. The first series of prompts asks you to select separator symbols for the date, time and decimal. You can choose from a dash, comma and slash (/) for the date; from a period and colon for the time: and from a period or comma for the decimal place. For each symbol type: a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down menu. b. Use the [T] or [S] arrow keys to scroll to the desired format. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your entry. 3.
April 2004 Changing Date and Time Appearance (cont.) A line at the bottom, the Date/Time, Decimal Formats, displays how the format and separator selections will appear on the screen. Pressing the [T] arrow key returns the PT878GC to the Locale tab. • To confirm the entries and return to Operate Mode, press [F3] (OK). • To leave the window without confirming the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F2] (Cancel) or the [ESC] key.
April 2004 Adjusting the Contrast For more comfortable viewing in a particular environment, the PT878GC enables you to adjust the screen contrast. To adjust the screen contrast: 1. From the Meter menu, scroll to the Contrast entry and press [ENTER]. The Display Options window opens on the Display tab, as shown in Figure 7-5 below. (From the Format tab, press the [W ] key to move to the Display tab.) To step through each parameter, press the [T] key.
April 2004 Adjusting the Contrast (cont.) • To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK). • To leave the window without confirming the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F2] (Cancel) or the [ESC] key.
April 2004 Setting Backlight Timeout By using the Backlight Timeout option, you can set a specified time that the PT878GC backlight will remain on before turning itself off. Automatic turnoff enables the PT878GC to conserve battery power. To set the backlight timeout: 1. From the Meter menu, scroll to the Backlight entry and press [ENTER]. The Display Options window opens on the Display tab, as shown in Figure 7-5 on page 7-12. 2. Press the [T] key three times to reach the Backlight Off text box. 3.
April 2004 Changing Communications Parameters On occasion, you might need to change the parameters by which the PT878GC communicates with a PC over the wireless infrared interface. To check or change these parameters: 1. From the Meter menu, scroll to the Communications entry and press [ENTER]. The Communications window appears similar to Figure 7-6 below.
April 2004 Changing Communications Settings (cont.) 3. The next prompt asks you to select the communications interface from two options: IrDA (Infrared Data Association) and the IR232 virtual interface. You must use IrDA when using an IR printer or transfer application such as QuickBeam. Use the [W ] and [X] keys to scroll to the desired selection, and press [ENTER]. Note: For more information on loading software updates via the infrared interface, see Chapter 9, Servicing the PT878GC, page 9-43.
April 2004 Changing Communications Settings (cont.) 6. The next prompt asks you to select either one or two stop bits.The default number is one. Use the [W ] and [X] keys to scroll to the desired number, and press [ENTER]. 7. The final prompt asks you to select either seven or eight data bits. The default number is 8. Use the [W ] and [X] keys to scroll to the desired number, and press [ENTER]. • To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK).
April 2004 Resetting Forward and Reverse Totals On occasion, it might be necessary to clear and reset the forward and reverse totals computed by the Forward and Reverse Totalizers. To reset the totals: 1. From the Meter menu, scroll to the Totals entry and press [ENTER]. The window now appears similar to Figure 7-7 below.
April 2004 Setting Up User Tables When you program user functions (see page 4-46), you can also support them with up to six user tables of non-linear or empirical data. To program one or more user tables: 1. From the Meter menu, scroll to the User Tables entry and press [ENTER]. The window now appears similar to Figure 7-8 below. User Function Tables Table Programming Table ID Table 1 UserTable1 # Data Points Max Points Edit Tables Cancell OK Figure 7-8: The User Tables Window 2.
April 2004 Setting up User Tables (cont.) 3. The next step is to create a Table ID. a. Press [ENTER] to open the window. The screen now appears similar to Figure 7-9 below. UserTable1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . , “ ‘ < > = Delete Cancel OK Figure 7-9: The Text Creation Window b. Use the four arrow keys to scroll to the desired letter or symbol, and press [ENTER] to add the letter to the label.
April 2004 Setting up User Tables (cont.) 4. The final prompt asks you to enter or change data in the user table. a. Press [ENTER] to open the window. The screen appears similar to Figure 7-10 below. Edit User Table 1 Programming UserTable1 Y 1 2 3 4 5 Cancell OK Figure 7-10: The Edit User Table Window b. Use the four arrow keys to move to the desired entry in the table. c. Press [ENTER].
April 2004 Setting up User Tables (cont.) e. Repeat steps b, c and d on page 7-21 until you have completed entering data for the table. f. When you have finished, press [F3] (OK) to confirm the entries or [F2] (Cancel) to leave the window without confirming the table. The program returns to the Edit Tables window. • To confirm the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F3] (OK). • To leave the window without confirming the entries and return to Operate mode, press [F2] (Cancel) or the [ESC] key.
April 2004 Taking a Bitmap Capture of a Current Screen The Snapshot option enables you to take a “screen capture” of the current screen in bitmap format (.bmp) for display or storage in a Windows-based PC. To take a “snapshot” of the screen: 1. From the Meter menu, scroll to the Snapshot entry and press [ENTER]. 2. A drop-down menu appears, asking if you want to send the capture to a printer or to a file, or to turn the option off.
April 2004 Chapter 8 Logging Data A powerful and flexible feature of the PT878GC is data logging. The meter enables you to choose up to 12 parameters to log. You can also select the start time and date, end time and date, and time interval. Logs can run one at a time or simultaneously. Error and circular logs are also available. The logged data is internally stored in battery-backed-up memory. A fixed amount of memory is assigned to data logging.
April 2004 Entering the Logging Menu To enter the Logging Menu, press the [MENU] key at the lower right of the PT878GC keypad. The Main Menu replaces the Status Bar at the top of the screen. Press the [X] arrow key three times to scroll from the Site Menu to the Logging Menu. At the Logging Menu, press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 8-1 below. Refer to Figure A-9 on page A-9 of Appendix A, Menu Maps.
April 2004 The Log Manager The Log Manager offers users a way to check the status and memory size of all the logs currently pending, running or finished. To select Log Manager, scroll to the Manager entry on the Logging Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 8-2 below. The right section of the screen supplies information for the log highlighted in the list on the left. You can use the [T] and [S] arrow keys to scroll to a particular log and display information pertaining to that log.
April 2004 The File Menu The File Menu allows you, not only to create new logs, but also to copy, rename or delete logs, as well as to print them or transfer them to a PC. To open the File menu from the Log Manager, press the [MENU] key and then [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 8-3 below. Log Manager File Log View Sort New Info: AAA.
April 2004 Setting up a New Log The New Log option enables you to create and set up parameters for a new log. You can access this option in two ways: • by scrolling to the New Log option in the Logging Menu (as shown in Figure 8-1 on page 8-2) and pressing [ENTER], or • by scrolling to the New option in the File menu of the Log Manager (as shown in Figure 8-3 on page 8-4) and pressing [ENTER]. In either case, the Create New Log screen appears similar to Figure 8-4 below.
April 2004 Setting up a New Log (cont.) General Measurements Log Name 10SEC.LOG Format Type Linear Circular Standard Error Start Date/Time 2004/11/01 01:38:08 End Date/Time 2004/11/01 09:38:08 Logging Interval 10 secs Cancel Activate Figure 8-5: The General Log Format Window To step through each parameter, press the [T] key. 1. The first prompt asks you to choose between a linear or circular format for the log.
April 2004 Setting up a New Log (cont.) 3. The next prompt asks for the starting date and time. a. Press [ENTER] to enter the text box. The meter highlights the first number. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll to any number you wish to change, or the [X] key to scroll to the time box. b. Two alternatives are available to change a highlighted number: •Use the numeric keys to enter the desired number. •Use the [T] or [S] arrow keys to scroll, in 1-digit increments, to the desired number.
April 2004 Setting up a New Log (cont.) General Ns Measurements NO UNIT NO UNIT NO UNIT NO UNIT NO UNIT NO UNIT NO UNIT NO UNIT NO UNIT NO UNIT NO UNIT NO UNIT Cancel Activate Figure 8-6: The Log Measurements Window To step through each entry, press the [T] key. 1. Press [ENTER] to open the first entry. The Select Measurement window opens, as shown in Figure 8-7 on the next page.
April 2004 Setting up a New Log (cont.) Select Measurement Pressure Diagnostics m/s Velocity Temperature Volume Fwd Totalizer Rev Totalizer StdFwdTotalizer StdRevTotalizer No Unit Cancell OK Figure 8-7: The Select Measurement Window 2. Scroll to the desired output type. 3. Press [SEL] to confirm your selection. 4. The prompt then moves to a list of unit types. (The available units depend on the selection made at the Data Source prompt.) Scroll to the desired output unit. 5.
April 2004 Copying (Cloning) a Selected Log In the Clone Selected Log option, you can copy the parameters of a particular log, modify the parameters, and start the copy. To copy a log: 1. First, select the log you wish to copy in the Log Manager (shown in Figure 8-3 on page 8-4). 2. Then open the File menu, scroll to the Clone Selected Log option, and press [ENTER]. 3. The Create New Log window (shown in Figure 8-4 on page 8-6) opens.
April 2004 Renaming a Log To rename a log: 1. First, select the log you wish to rename in the Log Manager (shown in Figure 8-3 on page 8-4). 2. Then open the File menu, scroll to the Rename option, and press [ENTER]. 3. The Rename Log window opens. (Except for the heading, the window is identical to the Create New Log window shown in Figure 8-4 on page 8-5.) Follow the procedure discussed on page 8-5 to create a log name, and press [F3] (OK) to confirm the name.
April 2004 Deleting a Log (cont.) Log Manager File Programming Delete Re DEFAULT Delete Log Info:DEFAULT ‘555.LOG?’ Res GLOBAL 1 View No Yes Figure 8-8: The Delete Confirmation Window Deleting All Logs To clear the Log Manager and memory of all logs, open the File menu, scroll to the Delete All Logs option, and press [ENTER]. A window opens, asking, “Delete All Logs?” Press [F2] (No) to stop the deletion, or [F3] (Yes) to delete the logs.
April 2004 Printing a Log To print a file from the Log Manager: 1. Highlight the desired log in the window on the left of the Log Manager. 2. Press [MENU], scroll to the Print option, and press [ENTER]. The PT878GC shows a message indicating that its infrared sensor is looking for a printer. (If the sensor finds no printer, a window appears with this message. If it finds two printers within its range, it asks you to select the desired device.
April 2004 The Log Menu The Log Menu allows you to pause, restart or end any or all logs that are currently pending or running. (However, you cannot restart any finished logs, even if they were finished before the programmed end time.) To open the Log Menu in the Log Manager, press [MENU]. Scroll to the Log option, and press [ENTER]. The window appears similar to Figure 8-9 below. Log Manager Log View Sort Start Info: AAA.
April 2004 Stopping (Pausing) a Log To stop a log that is currently pending or running, 1. First, select the log you wish to pause in the Log Manager (shown in Figure 8-2 on page 8-4). 2. Then open the Log menu, scroll to the Pause option, and press [ENTER]. The PT878GC returns to the Log Manager, which displays the highlighted log with “Paused” in the State line. Restarting a Log To restart a paused log: 1. First, select the log you wish to restart in the Log Manager (shown in Figure 8-2 on page 8-4). 2.
April 2004 Pausing All Logs To pause all logs that are currently pending or running, open the Log menu, scroll to the Pause All Logs option, and press [ENTER]. The PT878GC returns to the Log Manager, which displays all logs programmed to run now or in the future with a status of “Paused.” Restarting All Logs To restart all paused logs, open the Log menu, scroll to the Start All Logs option, and press [ENTER].
April 2004 The View Menu Through the View menu, you can view the data of individual logs in graphical or spreadsheet formats. To open the View menu from the Log Manager, press [MENU]. Scroll to the View menu, and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 8-10 below. File Log AAA BBB CCC Log Manager View Sort Details Info: AAA.
April 2004 Displaying Log Details To view details of a given log, be sure the log is highlighted in the left window of the Log Manager. Then scroll to the View menu and press [ENTER]. Scroll to the Details option and press [ENTER]. The screen now appears similar to Figure 8-11 below.
April 2004 Displaying Log Data in Graphical Form To view a log in graphical form, be sure the log is highlighted in the left window of the Log Manager. 1. Scroll to the View menu and press [ENTER]. 2. Scroll to the Graph option and press [ENTER]. 3. The “Select Measurement” window appears, with the logged measurements. Be sure you have highlighted the desired measurement, and press [F3] (View). The screen now appears similar to Figure 8-12 below. AAA.
April 2004 Displaying Log Data in Graphical Form (cont.) AAA.LOG (Dew Point, °C) Y-Axis -52.0 Limits Max Range Set Minimum 0.1234 Maximum 0.5678 2004/03/01 13:23:41 PM Cancel 2004/03/01 13:53:41 PM OK Figure 8-13: The Y-Axis Window The Y-Axis window allows you to specify whether the Y axis on the graph extends to the maximum value (Max), over the entire range (Range) or between certain specified values (Set). 1. Use the [W] and [X] keys to scroll to the desired limit type.
April 2004 Displaying Log Data in Graphical Form (cont.) If you wish to alter the time scale, press [F2] (Time). The Enter Time window appears similar to Figure 8-14 below. AAA.LOG (P#Up) -52.0 Enter Time Start Date 2004/03/01 End Date 2004/03/01 Start Time 13:23:41 PM End Time 13:53:41 PM Figure 8-14: The Enter Time Window 1. Use the arrow keys to scroll to the desired text box. Press [ENTER] to open the box. 2.
April 2004 Displaying Log Data in Spreadsheet Form To view a log in spreadsheet form, be sure the log is highlighted in the left window of the Log Manager. Then scroll to the View menu and press [ENTER]. Scroll to the Spreadsheet option and press [ENTER]. The screen now appears similar to Figure 8-15 below. AAA.
April 2004 The Sort Menu The Sort Menu within the Log Manager allows you to arrange your log list either alphabetically (By Name) or chronologically (By Date). File Log Log Manager View Sort AAA BBB CCC Info: AAA.
April 2004 Chapter 9 Servicing the PT878GC For user convenience, the PT878GC offers a Service Menu.
April 2004 Entering the Service Menu To enter the Service Menu, press the [MENU] key at the lower right of the PT878GC keypad. The Main Menu replaces the Status Bar at the top of the screen. Press the [X] arrow key four times to scroll from the Site Menu to the Service Menu. At the Service Menu, press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-1 below. When programming, refer to Figure A-10 on page A-10 of Appendix A, Menu Maps. Site Program Meter Logging Service Velocity, ft/s Units 0.
April 2004 Printing Reports When used with an IR-compatible printer, the PT878GC can print out a variety of data (current site, logs, drive contents, and user functions, tables, and settings) in the Reports option. To enter the Reports option, scroll to the Reports entry on the Service Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-2 below.
April 2004 Printing Reports (cont.
April 2004 Setting up the Thickness Gauge For greatest accuracy in flow applications, the PT878GC can measure pipe wall thickness using an optional thickness gauge transducer, instead of relying on the nominal pipe wall thickness. In Thickness Gauge mode, the PT878GC does not measure flow, but it can determine the thickness of most standard metal and plastic pipe materials over a range from 0.05 to 3 in. (1.3 to 76.2 mm). Figure 9-4 below illustrates use of the optional thickness gauge.
April 2004 Setting up the Thickness Gauge (cont.) Calibrating the thickness gauge involves up to two additional steps: 4. Calibrating the thickness gauge itself (in the Zero window on page 9-12), and 5. Calibrating the velocity of sound in the pipe material (in the Velocity window on page 9-14), if possible and if the pipe material is not the material entered in the Zero window.
April 2004 Measuring Pipe Wall Thickness Entering the Material and Sound Speed IMPORTANT: GE Panametrics recommends calibrating the thickness gauge periodically (as discussed on page 9-12) before measuring thickness. To enter the Thickness Gauge Display option, scroll to the T-Gauge Display entry on the Service Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-5 below.
April 2004 Entering the Material and Sound Speed (cont.) If you have selected a preprogrammed material, you have completed entering data in this window. Pressing the [T] key returns the program to the Material tab. But if you selected “Other,” you can also enter a specific sound speed. 3. To enter the sound speed: a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the known sound speed in the pipe material (from the brochure Sound Speeds and Pipe Size Data, 914-004). c.
April 2004 Measuring Thickness in Numeric Format To measure the actual thickness of a pipe, apply couplant to the calibrated thickness gauge transducer and hold the transducer steady against the pipe. Then press the [W ] or [X] arrow key until you reach the Display tab and press [ENTER]. The T-Gauge Display option shows the thickness measurement in numeric format (displayed in Figure 9-6 below).
April 2004 Displaying the Receive Signal in Graphical Format Used chiefly for diagnostic purposes, the Graph option helps to determine why the thickness gauge is not working if you suspect a problem. The graph shows an image of the acoustic signal. If the display does not show a signal image similar to Figure 9-7 below, you may have a problem with the transducer, couplant, or the programmed values. Also, some materials (such as Teflon® or fiberglass) do not support acoustic signals.
April 2004 Displaying the Receive Signal in Graphical Format (cont.) Thickness Gauge Measure Display Graph Velocity Zero Material Signal In Out Display Figure 9-8: The Graph Window in Zoom Format • Press [F1] (In) to zoom in to magnify screen details. • Press [F2] (Out) to zoom out fully. • Press [F3] to toggle between the left and right cursors. • Press [W ] and [X] to move the selected cursor left and right. • Press [T] to select the graph. • Press [S] to return to tab navigation.
April 2004 Calibrating the Thickness Gauge Transducer To zero the transducer offsets, go to the Zero tab. Press the [W ] or [X] arrow key until you reach the Zero tab and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-9 below. Thickness Gauge Measure Display Graph Single Velocity Zero Material Dual Calibration Block 1 Length 0 mm Calibrate Transducer Delay, µs Calculated 0 Current Cancel 0 OK Figure 9-9: The Zero Window 1. Press the [T] arrow key to enter the window. 2.
April 2004 Calibrating the Thickness Gauge Transducer (cont.) a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the length. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry. 4. Press [ENTER] (Calibrate button) to prepare for calibration. Then apply couplant B to the block surface, and hold the transducer against the block. 5. When you have the transducer firmly pressed against the block, press [ENTER] (Ready button) again to perform the calibration. 6.
April 2004 Calculating Velocity (Pipe Material Sound Speed) The nominal sound speed for your pipe material will give thickness measurements of reasonable accuracy. However, for greater accuracy, calibrate pipe material sound velocity. IMPORTANT: This step is necessary only if the actual pipe material sound speed differs from the sound speed of the material used in the calibration block. It is possible only if you have a sample of pipe material with the thickness known to a high level of precision.
April 2004 Calculating Velocity (Pipe Material Sound Speed) (cont.) 2. To enter the block length (here, the thickness of the sample as measured with a caliper or calibrated sample), press the [T] arrow key and then press [ENTER] to open the Block Length text box. Use the numeric keys to enter the measured block length. Press [ENTER] to confirm the entry. 3. Prepare the sample for calibration by applying couplant B to its surface, and press [ENTER]. The screen now appears similar to Figure 9-11 below. 4.
April 2004 Calculating Velocity (Pipe Material Sound Speed) (cont.) 7. The “Calculated” box shows the thickness value measured. The PT878GC asks for confirmation of the calculated and current values. Press [ENTER] to commit (accept) the calculated value (in which case it becomes the current value), and to recalculate the value (which becomes the new “Calculated” value).
April 2004 Programming the Thickness Gauge While the T-Gauge Display option allows you to program the appropriate material and sound speed, the Thickness Gauge Setup option enables you to view or change five parameters: • Low Signal Threshold • Transducer Delay • Signal Inversion • Noise Threshold • Detection Threshold IMPORTANT: The thickness gauge programming settings are entered at the factory. You should not change them unless instructed by GE Panametrics.
April 2004 Programming the Thickness Gauge (cont.) 1. Press the [T] arrow key to enter the window. 2. The first prompt asks for the low signal threshold. If the signal strength falls below this value, a “Low Signal” message appears on the screen. To change this value: a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the provided value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your entry. 3.
April 2004 Programming the Thickness Gauge (cont.) 6. The final value, the detection threshold, represents the percent of peak the PT878GC uses to make measurements. It will consider anything above the entered percentage as part of the signal. To change this value: a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the recommended value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your entry. You have finished entering values for the Programming window.
April 2004 Displaying Diagnostic Parameters The Diagnostics option enables you to view current diagnostic parameters without having to open a display window in Operate Mode. To enter the option, scroll to the Diagnostics entry on the Service Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-13 below. Figure 9-13: The Diagnostics Window Press [F2] (Cancel) or [F3] (OK) to close the window and return to Operate Mode.
April 2004 Calibrating the Analog Output and Inputs The Calibration option allows you to calibrate the analog output and inputs. To enter the option, scroll to the Calibrate entry on the Service Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-14 below.
April 2004 Calibrating the Analog Output (cont.) 1. Connect a digital multimeter or ammeter to the analog output. 2. The next prompt asks for the setpoint (4 or 20 mA). Use the [W ] and [X] arrow keys to move to the appropriate radio button and press [ENTER]. 3. The next prompt asks you to enter the actual value shown on the multimeter or ammeter. a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the measured value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your entry. 4.
April 2004 Calibrating Inputs To open the Inputs window, press the [X] arrow key and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-15 below. Note: Calibrating the analog inputs requires use of a current source. Calibrate/Test I/O Analog Input Analog Output Input# A Low 4 mA Read High 20 mA Read Calibrate Reset Cancel OK Figure 9-15: The Inputs Window in the Calibrate Option 1. Press the [T] arrow key to enter the window. 2. The first prompt asks you to select the input. a.
April 2004 Calibrating Inputs (cont.) 4. Connect the current source to the input and set it to deliver the value entered in the previous step. 5. Press the [X] arrow key to move to the Read box, and then press [ENTER] to read the low input. 6. The next prompt asks for the value to which you want to set the high input (20 mA). a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the recommended value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your entry. 7.
April 2004 Setting up Signal Parameters The Signal Setup option enables you to set parameters that affect the transducer signal: • • • • • • • • Delta-T Offset Transmit Sample Size Zero Cutoff Velocity Averaging Errors Allowed Peak Detection Method Peak Thresholds Pulse and Code To enter the option, scroll to the Signal Setup entry on the Service Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-16 below.
April 2004 Setting up Signal Parameters 1. Press the [T] arrow key to enter the window. 2. The first prompt asks for the Delta-T offset. Delta-T is the difference between the upstream and downstream transit times of the transducers. The Delta-T offset should normally be set to zero. Note: Consult GE Panametrics before performing this step. a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the recommended value. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your entry. 3.
April 2004 Setting up Signal Parameters (cont.) 5. The next prompt asks for velocity averaging, the number of velocity measurements to average together to smooth out noise in the system. a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down list. b. Use the [T] or [S] arrow keys to scroll to the desired number. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your selection. 6. The final prompt, errors allowed, specifies the number of errors the meter can record before displaying an error message. a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b.
April 2004 Setting up the Measurement Mode The PT878GC can take measurements in four different ways: Skan is a low resolution technique for locating the acoustic signal and for high velocity measurements. It is more robust in a noisy environment than the Measure technique. Measure is a more precise technique best used for low velocity measurements. You can choose from Skan/Measure Count (the default technique) or Skan/Measure Integrate (the traditional Skan/Measure mode).
April 2004 Setting up Measurement Mode (cont.) The first prompt asks for the measurement mode detection method. Use the [W ] and [X] arrow keys to move to the appropriate radio button and press [ENTER]. You must now enter the setup data covered on page 4-23, if you have not already done so. Pressing the [T] key takes you to “Skan/Measure Setup.” Press [ENTER] to open the Skan/Measure option and enter the parameters discussed on page 4-23. You have completed entering data for the Measurement Mode.
April 2004 Setting Up Pulse/Code Parameters When you select the Skan detection method, you must also choose what type of signal to send to the transducers: either a coded signal at 1, 2, 4, 11 or Twin bits, or a specific number of pulses to be sent. From the Meas Mode tab, press the [X] arrow key to move to the Pulse/Code tab. The window appears similar to Figure 9-18 below.
April 2004 Setting Up Pulse/Code Parameters (cont.) 2. The next prompt asks if you want to send a specific number of pulses. Press [ENTER] to select or deselect the pulse option. Note: If you do not select this option, pressing the [T] key returns the meter to the Transmit Code prompt. 3. The next prompt asks how many pulses (from 0 to 16) you wish to send. a. Press [ENTER] to open the drop-down list. b. Use the [T] or [S] arrow keys to scroll to the recommended number. c.
April 2004 Setting Error Limits The Error Limits option enables you to set limits for an incoming signal. When the signal falls outside the programmed limits, an error indication appears. To enter this option, scroll to the Error Limits entry on the Service Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-19 below. Signal Error Limits Programming Signal Velocity Max Min 10 72 -22.56 22.56 m/s Amplitude 14 20 % Sound Speed (±) Acceleration 34 4.
April 2004 Setting Error Limits (cont.) d. Press the [X] arrow key to move to the maximum signal box, and repeat steps a, b and c. e. Press the [W] arrow key to return to the minimum signal box, and the [T] key to move to the next limit. 2. The next prompt calls for the low and high velocity limits. The E3: VELOCITY RANGE error message appears if the velocity falls outside these limits. Repeat the steps in Step 1 on the previous page to enter the desired limits. 3.
April 2004 Setting Error Limits (cont.) Note: For the velocity and acceleration boxes, the F1 softkey toggles between English and metric measurements. Thus, the key will always display the opposite measurement from that which is currently active. Press [F1] to display the measurement in the alternate format. You have completed entering signal error limits.
April 2004 The Test Option Within the Service Menu, the Test option includes seven tests to ensure that the PT878GC is performing properly: Test Screen, Test Keys, Watchdog Test, Impulse Response, Wave Snapshot, Simulate and Battery Test.To enter this option, scroll to the Test entry on the Service Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-20 below. Site Program Meter Logging Service Velocity, ft/s Units 0.00 Delta-T, ns 0.
April 2004 Testing the Screen To test the proper functioning of the PT878GC screen, scroll to the Test Screen option in the Test Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen then shows the message, “Press Any Key To Continue.” Once you press a key, a screen with a checkerboard pattern appears, as shown in Figure 9-21 below. Figure 9-21: A Functioning Test Screen Pressing a key two more times should result in two more checkerboard patterns, followed by a series of dark and light screens.
April 2004 Testing the Keys The Test Keys option checks the functioning of the various keys on the keypad. To start the test, scroll to the Test Keys option on the Test Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-22 below. Press any key on the keypad, and a window representing that key should darken. Figure 9-22: The Test Keys Window Pressing the [F3] key returns the meter to the Operate Mode.
April 2004 Testing the Watchdog Timer Circuit The PT878GC includes a watchdog timer circuit. If a software error causes the meter to stop responding, this circuit automatically resets the meter. A properly functioning PT878GC restarts if you run the Watchdog Test. To start the Watchdog Test, scroll to the Watchdog Test option in the Test Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-23 below.
April 2004 Setting Impulse Response The Impulse Response option enables you to force the meter to transmit in one direction only, without changing the AGC setting. You can then diagnose problems with transducer, pipe, or fluid configurations. To enter the option, scroll down to the Impulse Response entry in the Service Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-24 below. Impulse Response Direction Percent Gain Upstream 20 % Stopped. .
April 2004 Setting Impulse Response (cont.) 2. The second prompt asks for the percent of gain. a. Press [ENTER] to open the text box. b. Use the numeric keys to enter the desired percentage. c. Press [ENTER] to confirm your entry. You have completed entering data for the Impulse Response option. • • • Press [F1] to start transmitting in the chosen direction. Press [F2] to stop transmitting. Press [F3] to leave the option and return to Operate Mode.
April 2004 Testing the Battery The Battery Test option provides additional battery information for service troubleshooting. To enter the option, scroll down to the Battery Test entry in the Service Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-25 below. Service Battery Form Status: Fast Charge Run Time 250 Minutes Batt Voltage 5.78 Volts Fast Charge 3 Min Backup Battery: OK Batt temp 27.7 °C Part Number: 1.
April 2004 Resetting to Factory Default Parameters For various reasons, you might wish to return the PT878GC to its original settings. The Factory Defaults option enables you to return the meter to its preprogrammed default settings. To enter the option, scroll down to the Factory Defaults entry in the Service Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen will appear similar to Figure 9-26 below. IMPORTANT: All sites and logs will be lost if you use the Factory Defaults option.
April 2004 Updating PT878GC Software By using a Windows-based PC with an infrared adapter, PT878GC users can update the meter’s operating software without the need to change the hardware. This software can include the bootloader, FPGA software (timing software for transit-time), instrument software, the meter string file and the Help string file. The updating procedure involves three steps: 1. Setting up the PT878GC in Flash Update mode. 2. Selecting the loading interface. 3.
April 2004 Updating Software Via IrOBEX To begin updating software via IrOBEX, scroll down to the Flash Update entry in the Service Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-27 below. Update Flash --WARNING-This will erase the instrumentation coding. Choose ‘Cancel’ to exit or ‘OK’ to continue. Cancel OK Figure 9-27: The Flash Update Window • Press [F2] (Cancel) to return to Operate Mode without erasing the program.
April 2004 Updating Software Via IrOBEX (cont.) 5. The meter now asks if you wish to reload the flash memory via the infrared communications port. • Press [F1] (Yes) to begin reloading via OBEX, or • Press [F2] (No) to stop the reloading procedure. Be sure the infrared sensor on the meter has a clear path to the infrared adapter on the PC. Now return to the PC. 6. You now have two options: • In Windows Explorer, browse to the file you wish to send. Select and right-click on it.
April 2004 Updating Software Via IrCOMM Note: While Windows 95/98/98SE and NT (with QuickBeam) support IrCOMM, Windows 2000 and XP do not. Refer to Appendix B. Before you install new coding, you must be sure that the PC has the correct protocols to transmit the software to the meter. Setting up the PC Note: The use of Hyperterminal is shown here as an example. If you are using a different communications software, see its manual for detailed instructions. 1.
April 2004 Setting up the PC (cont.) Figure 9-29: Port Settings for COMM 4 Installing New Software To begin the loading procedure, scroll down to the Flash Update entry in the Service Menu and press [ENTER]. The screen appears similar to Figure 9-30 below. Update Flash --WARNING-This will erase the instrumentation coding. Choose ‘Cancel’ to exit or ‘OK’ to continue.
April 2004 Installing New Software (cont.) 1. As shown in Figure 9-30 on the previous page, the Flash Update option erases all instrument coding. • Press [F2] (Cancel) to return to Operate Mode without erasing the program. • Press [F3] (OK) to confirm that you wish to erase the program. 2. The meter asks for confirmation. Repeat the options shown in Step 1 above. The screen on both the PC and the PT878GC now appears similar to Figure 9-31 below. GE Panametrics PCI Loader v3.
April 2004 Installing New Software (cont.) 1. In the Hyperterminal window, pull down the Transfer menu and click Send File. A window opens similar to Figure 9-32 below. Figure 9-32: The Send File Window in the Transfer Menu 2. Click on the replacement software (designated by a .cod extension) from the folder where it has been stored. 3. From the Protocol drop-down menu, select Xmodem. 4. Click Send.
April 2004 Chapter 10 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting The TransPort PT878GC is a reliable instrument that is easy to maintain. It will provide accurate flow measurement readings as long as it is operated as described in this manual. If problems do arise with the electronics, transducers or the flowcell, the TransPort displays an error message specifying the possible problem. The TransPort also has a set of diagnostic parameters to help you find and remedy the problem.
April 2004 Error Code Messages Error Code messages appear on the screen while you are displaying measurements. When logs appear in graph form, errors are indicated by a vertical gray bar at the point of error. When they appear in a spreadsheet format, errors are indicated by their number in the last row, called “Error.”The Error Code messages are only general descriptions of the possible problems. Use Table 10-1 on page 10-3 to isolate and remedy the problem.
April 2004 Table 10-1: Error Messages Error Message Problem Possible Cause Action E0 No error. Displays briefly after the display of another error message None required. Measurement is valid. E1 Low Signal Poor ultrasonic signal strength. Broken cable. Flowcell problem. Transducer problem. Electronic failure. Check transducer cable. See Flowcell Problems on page 109 and Transducer Problems on page 1011. Check programming and transducer spacing. Contact the factory if problem persists.
April 2004 Table 10-1: Error Messages (Continued) Error Message 10-4 Problem Possible Cause Action E3 Velocity Range Velocity exceeds programmed limits. (Velocity limit is programmed using the Service Menu Error Limits option as described in Chapter 9.) Programming error, poor flow conditions, or bad transducer spacing. Make sure the maximum velocity range is within the range listed in Table 3-1 on page 3-4 for the pipe size and pressure. Check programming and transducer spacing.
April 2004 Table 10-1: Error Messages (Continued) Error Message Problem Possible Cause Action E6 Cycle skip, Acceleration Poor flow conditions or bad transducer spacing. Check transducer spacing as programmed and as set on pipe.See Flowcell Problems on page 109 and Transducer Problems on page 1011. E7 Analog Out Error Under current output. Check that output load is within specification <550 ohm. E16 High Signal Entry of improper value in Transducer or Pipe submenus.
April 2004 Displaying Diagnostic Parameters As part of its measurement menu, the PT878GC offers a list of diagnostic parameters to aid in troubleshooting in the event of flowcell, transducer, or electrical problems. You can select any diagnostic parameter for display as a measurement as discussed in Chapter 6 on pages 6-7 and 6-8. Table 10-2 below shows all the available diagnostic parameters and ranges.
April 2004 Table 10-2: Diagnostic Parameters (Continued) Diagnostic Parameter Displays Good Bad P#up Displays signal peaks for the upstream transducer. 100900 <100, >900 P#dn Displays signal peaks for the downstream transducer. 100900 <100, >900 Reynolds # Displays the Reynolds Number. N/A N/A K(RE) Displays the K Factor, based on the Reynolds Number. N/A N/A Raw Up Displays raw upstream signal. N/A N/A Displays demodulated upstream signal.
April 2004 Table 10-2: Diagnostic Parameters (Continued) Diagnostic Parameter Displays Good Bad Norm Factor Displays the normalization factor. 0.85 1.0 <0.85 Threshold Up Displays the Percent of Peak for the upstream transducer. Set to -40 by default. N/A N/A Threshold Dn Displays the Percent of Peak for the downstream transducer. Set to -40 by default. N/A N/A SNRup Displays the signal/noise ratio for the upstream transducer.
April 2004 Flowcell Problems Flowcell problems fall into two categories: gas problems and pipe problems. Read the following sections carefully to determine if such problems exist. Gas Problems Most gas-related problems can be solved by proper design of the flowmeter installation and the proper choice of transducer frequency. Contact GE Panametrics if you cannot solve a gasrelated problem.
April 2004 Fluid Problems (cont.) 3. THE GAS SOUND SPEED MUST NOT VARY EXCESSIVELY. The TransPort will tolerate relatively large, changes in gas sound speed due to changes in gas composition and temperature. However, such changes must occur slowly. Rapid fluctuations in the gas sound speed, to a value that is considerably different from that programmed into the PT878GC, will result in erratic or inaccurate flow rate readings. Refer to Chapter 4, Programming Site Data, pages 4-13 and 4-14.
April 2004 Transducer Problems Ultrasonic transducers are rugged, reliable devices. However, they are subject to physical damage from mishandling and chemical attack. The most common transducer problems are listed below. 1. LEAKS: Leaks may occur around the transducer and/or the flowcell fittings. Repair such leaks immediately. If the leaking gas is corrosive, carefully check the transducer and cables for damage, after the leak has been repaired. 2.
April 2004 Chapter 11 Specifications This section contains specifications for the following: • Operations and Performance • Electronics • Clamp-on Transducers • Thickness Gauge Option • Additional Options Specifications 11-1
April 2004 Operation and Performance Fluid Types Acoustically conductive gases with minimum density requirements. See Table 3-1 on page 3-4. Pipe Sizes 4 to 24 in. (101.6 to 609.6 mm) and larger. (Consult GE Panametrics.) Pipe Wall Thickness See Table 3-1 on page 3-4. Pipe Materials All unlined metals and plastics; no lined pipes. Clamp-On Flow Accuracy (Velocity) For pipes 6 in. (150 mm) and smaller: ±2% to 5% of reading typical For pipes over 6 in.
April 2004 Pressure Requirements, Air See Table 3-1 on page 3-4. Pressure Requirements, Other Gases Dependent upon gas composition, and pipe size and material. Consult GE Panametrics. Measurement Parameters Standard and actual volumetric flow, flow velocity, mass flow for steam.
April 2004 Electronics Flow Measurement Correlation Transit-Time mode Enclosures Submersible IP67 Dimensions Weight: 3 lb (1.36 kg) Size: (h x w x d) 9.4 x 5.5 x 1.5 in. (238 x 138 x 38 mm) Display 240- x 200-pixel backlit LCD graphic display Keypad 25-key rubberized tactile membrane keypad Internal Battery Rechargeable battery: 8 hours of continuous operation Battery Charger Input 100 to 250 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 0.
April 2004 Standard Inputs/Outputs • One 0/4- to 20-mA current output • One user-selectable pulse (solid state, 5-V maximum) or frequency (5-V square wave; 100 to 10,000 Hz) • Two 4- to 20-mA analog inputs with switchable power supply for loop-powered temperature transmitters Digital Interfaces Infrared communication port for printer or PC interface Site Parameter Programming • Menu driven operator interface using keypad and "soft" functions keys • On-line help functions including pipe tables
April 2004 Clamp-On Ultrasonic Flow Transducers Temperature Range(s) Standard: –40° to 130°C (–40° to 266°F) Optional (overall range): –40° to 230°C (–40° to 446°F) Transducer Materials Stainless steel and plastic Fixture Materials Anodized aluminum blocks with stainless steel rod, chain or strap Mountings • 3/4 to 1.25 in. (76 to 42.2 mm) pipe: CFG-V1 • 1.25 to 4 in. (32 to 102 mm) pipe: CFG-V4 • 4 to 8 in. (102 to 203 mm) pipe: CFG-V8 • 8 to 12 in.
April 2004 Transducer Cables • Standard: One pair of LEMO® coaxial transducer connectors with 25-ft (8-m) cables • Optional: 500-ft (152-m) extension cables available for most transducers Specifications 11-7
April 2004 Thickness Gauge Option Transducer GE Panametrics dual element transducer Pipe Thickness Range 0.05 to 3 in. (1.3 to 76.2 mm) Pipe Materials Most standard metal and plastic pipe materials Accuracy ±1% typical or ±0.002 in. (±0.
April 2004 Appendix A Menu Maps Menu Site Program See See Figure A-2 Figures A-3 to A-7 Meter See Figure A-8 Logging Service See Figure See Figure A-9 A-10 Figure A-1: The Main Menu Menu Maps A-1
April 2004 Menu Site Manager Save 1 View 2 Views 3 Views Fkeys 4 Views F1 F2 F3 Clear Clear Clear F2 F3 F1 Menu Item Site File Message New Open Name File Print Save Save Refresh as Sort Transfer Transfer as Text Name Date Drive Manager File Rename Delete Sort Name File Name Transfer Refresh Delete Name Date File Note: Press [F2] (Cancel) to cancel the entries and return to Menu. Press [F3] (OK) to confirm the entries and return to Menu.
April 2004 Menu Program (See Figure A-5) (Clamp-on) Transducer Lining Pipe Fluid Path (See Figure A-4) Fluid Wetted Clamp-on Other (Preprogrammed Units) Sound Speed Special Frequency Wedge Temperature Time Delay (Wetted) (Clamp-on) Wedge Angle Wedge Temperature Air Natural Steam Gas (Wetted) (Clamp-on) Path Length Traverses Axial Length Spacing Material None Tar Epoxy Glass (Pyrex) Mortar Rubber Teflon Asbestos Cement Wedge Sound Speed Other Sound Speed Thickness Figure A-3: T
April 2004 Menu Program Pipe Material Steel Aluminum Brass Copper Glass Gold Inconel (For cast iron, steel, PVC, CPVC) ANSI? Yes Iron Monel Nickel Plastic Tin Titanium Tungsten Zinc Other Sound Speed Note: Press [F2] (Cancel) to cancel the entries and return to Menu. Press [F3] (OK) to confirm the entries and return to Menu.
April 2004 Menu Program (See Figures A-3 and A-4) (See Figure A-6) Standard Volume Mass Flow Inputs Settings Pressure Disabled Enabled Base Pressure Atmospheric Pressure Fixed Pressure Active Input # Disabled Enabled Calculation Method A B Base Temperature Temperature Static Density Saturated Steam Value Steam Input Fixed Active Temperature Input # A B Figure A-5: The Program Menu: Standard Volume Option Menu Maps A-5
April 2004 Menu Program (See Figure A-5) (See Figure A-7) Analog Output Analog Input Scan/Measure Function Input A Integrate All SkanT Offset M>S Switch Limit Meas Delta Yes Cycle Number Cycle Width Min Threshold Max Threshold Noise Level Meas Only Percent Peak Meas Only No Yes Yes No Limit Off Correlate Count A Divisor Noise Level Meas Only % of Peak Input B No Yes No (If Standard (If Standard Volume or Mass Volume or Mass Flow Disabled) Flow Enabled) Function Off Yes No 4-20 mA
April 2004 Menu Program See Figure A-6 User Functions Digital Output Correction Factors Function Off Pulse Totalizer Frequency Gate Input Test Points Gate Active Data Source (Pulse Totalizer) (Frequency) Min Data Pulse Width Min Frequency Max Data Max Frequency Polarity Low/High Contact Open Units/Pulse High/Low Duty Cycle % Function User1 User2 Reynolds Correction User4 User3 Reynolds Correction Contact Closed On User6 User5 User7 Calibration Factor Calibration Factor Off On
April 2004 Note: Press [F2] (Cancel) to cancel the entries and return to Menu. Press [F3] (OK) to confirm the entries and return to Menu. Menu Meter Battery Units NiCd Date/Time NiMH Contrast Locale Date Time Backlight Off Darker English Metric Backlight Snapshot User Tables Totals Reset Both Fwd Rev Lighter Condition Off Date - , Bars Communications See Figure A-11 / Time Separator Pressure Units KPA File Date Separator Time PSIA Printer MMHG . 2 3 4 5 6 : Decimal .
April 2004 Menu Note: Press [F2] (Cancel) to cancel the entries and return to Menu. Press [F3] (OK) to confirm the entries and return to Menu.
April 2004 Menu Note: Press [F2] (Cancel) to cancel entries and return to Menu. Press [F3] (OK) to confirm entries and return to Menu. Service T-Gauge Setup T-Gauge Display Reports Diagnostics Calibrate Error Limits Signal Setup Output Input # Set Point Low Actual High Signal Parameter Velocity Averaging None 2 Off Skan/Measure Setup Use Pulses (See Figure A-6.
April 2004 Menu Meter Communications Node ID Comm Interface IrDA IR 232 Baud Rate 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19.2K 38.4K 57.6K 115.2K Parity None Mark Space Even Odd Stop Bits 1 2 Data Bits 7 8 Note: Press [F2] (Cancel) to cancel the entries and return to Menu. Press [F3] (OK) to confirm the entries and return to Menu.
April 2004 Appendix B Establishing IR Communications with the PT878GC As discussed in Chapter 2, the PT878GC includes an infrared transceiver for communication with IR products that comply with the IrDA protocol. However, you must also be sure that the operating system of your personal computer offers IrDA compatibility and either a built-in IR port (available on most laptops) or an IR dongle (IR to RS232 adapter for PCs without a built-in IR port).
April 2004 Table B-1: IrDA Compatibility of Windows Operating Systems Operating System IrCOMM OBEX Windows XP No Yes Windows 2000 No Yes Windows NT 4.0 QuickBeam* QuickBeam* Windows Me* Yes Yes Windows 98 SE* Yes Yes Windows 98* Yes Yes Windows 95* Yes Yes Windows 3.1 No No DOS 6.22 No No *May require QuickBeam installation under some circumstances when Windows built-in support fails. QuickBeam is a recommended infrared file software transfer utility from Extended Systems, Inc.
April 2004 Windows Me/98SE/98/95 The Windows 98SE and Me operating systems include IR drivers. However, in most cases, the IR port has not been installed or configured. From the Control Panel, click on Add New Hardware and select Choose Device From List. Select Infrared from the list and then select the appropriate infrared port, whether built-in or external. Note: In some instances, the infrared port must be enabled in the BIOS of your PC.
April 2004 Appendix C Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Theory of Operation All ultrasonic thickness gauging involves timing the round trip of a sound pulse in a test material. Because solid metal has an acoustic impedance that differs from that of gases, liquids, or corrosion products such as scale or rust, the sound pulse will reflect from the far surface of the remaining metal.
April 2004 Factors Affecting Performance and Accuracy A. Surface Condition - Loose or flaking scale, rust, corrosion or dirt on the outside surface of a test piece will interfere with the coupling of sound energy from the transducer into the test material. Thus, any loose debris of this sort should be cleaned from the specimen with a wire brush or file before measurements are attempted.
April 2004 As with any difficult application, experimentation with actual product samples is the best way to determine the limits of a particular gauge/transducer combination on a given surface. B. Transducer Positioning/Alignment - For proper sound coupling the transducer must be pressed firmly against the test surface.
April 2004 Remember that an ultrasonic test measures thickness at only one point within the beam of the transducer, and that in corrosion situations wall thicknesses often vary considerably. Test procedures usually call for making a number of measurements within a defined area and establishing a minimum and/or average thickness. Ideally, data should be taken at increments no greater than half the diameter of the transducer, to insure that no pits or other local variations in wall thickness are missed.
April 2004 D. Taper or Eccentricity - If the contact surface and the back surface are tapered or eccentric with respect to each other, the return echo again becomes distorted and the accuracy of measurement is diminished. E. Acoustic Properties of the Material - There are several conditions found in engineering materials that can severely limit the accuracy and thickness range that can be measured. 1.
April 2004 Appendix D Material Safety Data Sheets for Couplants A variety of couplants are available for use with GE Panametrics transducers. To obtain a material safety data sheet (MSDS) for any couplant GE Panametrics supplies, go to the GE Panametrics web site and enter the Technical Support portal.
April 2004 Index A About Option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21 Acceleration Limit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33 Accuracy Thickness Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8 Accuracy, Clamp-on Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2 ACTiSYS ACT-IR interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Index (cont.) C Calibration Analog Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21 Analog Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21 Calibration Factor, Entering a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-53 Capturing Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40 Checks Power Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Index (cont.) D Dampening Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20 Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Data Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5 Data Sources, Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7, 6-8 Date and Time Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Index (cont.) E Electrical Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Electrical Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4 Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Index (cont.) G Graph Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 H Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 Hyperterminal for Software Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-46 I Impulse Response Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39 Infrared Interface IrCOMM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Index (cont.) L Limits Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5 Line Graph Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 Lining Parameters, Entering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11 Listing Files By Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17 by Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Index (cont.) M M>S Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25 Main Menu Menu Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Mass Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17 Material in Thickness Gauge Setup Option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7 Maximum Flow Velocity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Index (cont.) P Parameters, Displayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10 Path for Clamp-on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16 Path Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15 PC Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8 PC File Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Index (cont.) R Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2 Rangeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2 Receiver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 Repeatability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2 Reports Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Index (cont.) S Sampling Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40 Schedule for Pipe Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 Screen Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 On-Line Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 Service Menu Menu Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Index (cont.) Sound Speed, Calculating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14, 9-15 Span (Full Scale) Value for Analog Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-41 Special Transducers Entering Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 Specifications Clamp-on Flow Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2 Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Index (cont.) T Task Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12 Temperature Operating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4 Temperature Ranges Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6 Test Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Index (cont.) Entering Data for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6 Mountings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6 Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11 Special. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2004 Index (cont.) W Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Watchdog Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-38 Wave Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40 Wave Snapshot Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40 Wedge Angle, Entering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY GE Panametrics Shannon Industrial Estate Shannon, Co.
DECLARATION DE CONFORMITE GE Panametrics Shannon Industrial Estate Shannon, Co.
KONFORMITÄTSERKLÄRUNG GE Panametrics Shannon Industrial Estate Shannon, Co.
WORLDWIDE OFFICES MAIN OFFICES: GE PANAMETRICS INTERNATIONAL OFFICES: USA GE Panametrics 221 Crescent St., Suite 1 Waltham, MA 02453-3497 USA Telephone: 781-899-2719 Toll-Free: 800-833-9438 Fax: 781-894-8582 E-mail: panametrics@ps.ge.com Web: www.gepower.com/panametrics ISO 9001 Certified Australia P.O. Box 234 Gymea N.S.W. 2227 Australia Telephone 61 (02) 9525 4055 Fax 61 (02) 9526 2776 E-mail panametrics@panametrics.com.au Japan 2F, Sumitomo Bldg.
USA GE Panametrics 221 Crescent Street, Suite 1 Waltham, MA 02453-3497 Telephone: (781) 899-2719 Toll-free: (800) 833-9438 Fax: (781) 894-8582 E-Mail: panametrics@ps.ge.com Web: www.gepower.com/panametrics Ireland GE Panametrics Shannon Industrial Estate Shannon, County Clare Ireland Telephone: 353-61-470200 Fax: 353-61-471359 E-Mail: info@panametrics.
