&UNCTIONELE KRACHTVERBETERING /EFENINGSINSTRUCTIE 6QHOOH DDQJHQDPH JHZLFKWVWUDLQLQJ GLH X KHOSW HU EHWHU XLW WH ]LHQ X EHWHU WH YRHOHQ HQ ILW GRRU KHW OHYHQ WH JDDQ
+RUL]RQ )LWQHVV )XQFWLRQHOH NUDFKWYHUEHWHULQJ .
7UDLQLQJVWLSV 9RRUGDW X EHJLQW 8 ZRUGW GULQJHQG YHU]RFKW HHQ DUWV WH UDDGSOHJHQ YRRUGDW X EHJLQW PHW HHQ YRHGLQJV RI HHQ WUDLQLQJVSURJUDPPD 2P EOHVVXUHV WLMGHQV RI QD HHQ VSRUWLHYH DFWLYLWHLW WH YRRUNRPHQ PRHW X DOWLMG HHQ JRHGH ZDUPLQJ XS HQ FRRO GRZQ WUDLQLQJ GRHQ ]RDOV EHVFKUHYHQ LQ KHW KDQGERHN (ONH VWUHWFKRHIHQLQJ PRHW PLQVWHQV VHFRQGHQ GXUHQ 7LMGHQV GH WUDLQLQJ *XQ X]HOI YROGRHQGH SDX]H WXVVHQ GH UHHNVHQ HQ RHIHQLQ JHQ ,Q YHHO JHYDOOHQ ]HJW KHW KDQGERHN KRH ODQJ GH SDX]H PRHW GXUHQ
6WDS =LFKWEDUH VSLHUYRUPLQJ $OV X KHW JHZLFKW RSYRHUW GDDOW KHW DDQWDO KHUKDOLQJHQ SHU UHHNV 7RW KHUKDOLQJHQ SHU UHHNV JHZLFKW GDDOW DOV X GH KHUKDOLQJHQ RSYRHUW 7RW UHHNVHQ SHU RHIHQLQJ 3DX]H WXVVHQ GH UHHNVHQ PLQGHU GDQ VHFRQGHQ 6WDS 0D[LPDOLVDWLH YDQ GH NUDFKWWRHQDPH 2P HHQ PD[LPXP DDQ NUDFKWWRHQDPH YDQ XZ VSLHUHQ WH NULMJHQ YRHUW X KHW JHZLFKW ]RGDQLJ RS GDW X LQ VWDDW EHQW WRW KHUKDOLQJHQ WH GRHQ 7RW KHUKDOLQJHQ LQ HONH UHHNV DO QDDU JHODQJ KHW
:DUP XS :DUP XS RHIHQLQJHQ RS GH JURQG 0RELOLVDWLH YDQ GH ZHUYHONRORP 2S KDQGHQ HQ YRHWHQ NQLH GLUHFW RQGHU GH KHXS HQ KDQGHQ RQGHU GH VFKRXGHUV $IZLVVHOHQG NDWWHUXJ EROOH UXJ HQ KROOH UXJ PDNHQ ODQJ]DDP XLWYRHUHQ 0DDO KHUKDOHQ LQ HONH ULFKWLQJ B6WUHQJWKB B LQGG $0
+LHOHQ ODWHQ ]DNHQ *D RS GH UXJ OLJJHQ HQ GUXN GH OHQGHQZHUYHONRORP QDDU GH JURQG WRH WLO EHLGH YRHWHQ RS ]RGDW GH RQGHUEHQHQ SDUDOOHO QDDU GH JURQG WRH ZLM]HQ GH NQLHsQ PRHWHQ LQ ppQ OLMQ ERYHQ GH KHXS JHEUDFKW ZRUGHQ /HJ XZ KDQGHQ RS GH RQGHUEXLN HQ YRHO KRH XZ VSLHUHQ DFWLHI LQ GH ULFKWLQJ YDQ GH JURQG WUHNNHQ +RXG GH OHQGHQZHUYHONRORP WHJHQ GH JURQG DDQ HQ SUREHHU HHQ YRHW PHW GH KLHO ODQJ]DDP QDDU GH JURQG WRH WH ODWHQ ]DNNHQ 1HHP XZ XLWJDQJVSRVLWLH ZHHU LQ HQ
:DUP XS VWUHWFKRHIHQLQJHQ VWDDQG 5ROO XS *D UHFKWRS VWDDQ XZ YRHWHQ ]LMQ RS KHXSEUHHGWH HQ GH SXQWHQ YDQ XZ YRHWHQ ZLM]HQ QDDU YRUHQ WRH %XLJ XZ NQLHsQ OLFKWMHV %XLJ PHW X ERYHQOLFKDDP RPODDJ QDDU YRUHQ WRH 6SDQ GH EXLNVSLHUHQ HQ URO ODQJ]DDP ZHUYHO YRRU ZHUYHO RPKRRJ WRWGDW X ZHHU UHFKWRS VWDDW 0DDO KHUKDOHQ 6TXDW *D UHFKWRS VWDDQ XZ YRHWHQ VWDDQ SDUDOOHO HQ RS KHXS EUHHGWH /DDW XZ KHXS ODQJ]DDP ]DNNHQ DOVRI X RS
6WDQGLQJ 7ZLVW *D UHFKWRS VWDDQ XZ YRHWHQ VWDDQ SDUDOOHO HQ GLUHFW RQGHU XZ KHXS VSDQ XZ EXLNVSLHUHQ +RXG XZ EXLNVSLHUHQ JHVSDQQHQ HQ GUDDL XZ ERYHQOLFKDDP HHUVW ODQJ]DDP LQ GH HQH ULFKWLQJ HQ GDQ LQ GH DQGHUH ULFKWLQJ 0DDO KHUKDOHQ 7RXFK 'RZQ *D UHFKWRS VWDDQ XZ YRHWHQ VWDDQ SDUDOOHO HQ GLUHFW RQGHU XZ KHXS VSDQ XZ EXLNVSLHUHQ 2QWVSDQ XZ EXLNVSLHUHQ EXLJ XZ ERYHQOLFKDDP RPODDJ HQ VWUHN XZ OLQNHU EHHQ QDDU DFKWHUHQ WRH 8Z ERYHQOL
2HIHQLQJHQ DDQ KHW HLQGH YDQ GH WUDLQLQJ &RRO GRZQ VWUHWFKHV 6WUHWFKHQ YDQ GH ]LWYODNVSLHUHQ *D RS GH UXJ OLJJHQ EXLJ EHLGH NQLHsQ HQ ]HW XZ UHFKWHU YRHW RS GH JURQG %XLJ XZ OLQNHU EHHQ OHJ XZ OLQNHU HQNHO RS KHW UHFKWHU ERYHQEHHQ HQ GUXN XZ OLQNHU NQLH PHW XZ OLQNHU KDQG OLFKWMHV YDQ XZ OLFKDDP YDQGDDQ 1HHP PHW XZ UHFKWHU KDQG XZ UHFKWHU ERYHQEHHQ YDVW HQ WUHN KHW ]DFKWMHV LQ GH ULFKWLQJ YDQ XZ OLFKDDP 6WUHWFK
6WUHWFKHQ YDQ GH TXDGULFHSV *D UHFKWRS VWDDQ EHLGH YRHWHQ VWDDQ SDUDOOHO PHW HQ GLUHFW RQGHU XZ KHXS 7UHN XZ OLQNHU NQLH RPKRRJ HQ SDN PHW GH OLQNHU KDQG XZ OLQNHU YRHW YDVW $OV X PRHL OLMNKHGHQ PRFKW KHEEHQ PHW KHW JULMSHQ YDQ XZ YRHW NXQW X HHQ ULHP RI HHQ KDQGGRHN JHEUXL NHQ HQ GH]H DOV HHQ OXV URQG XZ YRHW OHJJHQ *HEUXLN XZ UHFKWHU KDQG RP LQ HYHQZLFKW WH EOLMYHQ +HUKDDO GLW DDQ GH DQGHUH ]LMGH 6WUHWFKHQ YDQ GH WULFHSV +RXG XZ OLQNHU DUP ER
#PWFOMJDIBBN %RUVWSHUV 3BEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF ë (B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF [JUUFO OFFN NFU FMLF IBOE FFO IBOEHSFFQ WBTU EF BSNFO [JKO HFCPHFO ë 6X POEFSBSNFO [JKO QBSBMMFM NFU EF WMPFS CSFOH EF HSFQFO OBBS WPSFO UPF WØØS VX MJDIBBN ë ,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX TUBSUQPTJUJF ë .
3BEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF XPSEU WFSWBOHFO EPPS FFO mUOFTTCBM JOEJFO CFTDIJLCBBS ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF PQ EF mUOFTTCBM PG IFU [JUKF [JUUFO FO QBL NFU FMLF IBOE FFO HSFFQ WBTU ë6X BSNFO [JKO HFCPHFO JO FFO SFDIUF IPFL VX CPWFOBSNFO [JKO QBSBMMFM NFU EF WMPFS FO MJHHFO PQ ÏÏO MJKO NFU VX TDIPVEFS VX IBOEFO XJK[FO PNIPPH ë6X BSNFO CMJKWFO JO FFO SFDIUF IPFL V CSFOHU VX FMMFCPHFO TBNFO WØØS VX CPSTULBT FO V TQBOU VX CPSTUTQJFSFO ë,FF
#PWFOMJDIBBN &UDZOHQ #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO FO QBL NFU VX MJOLFS IBOE EF MJOLFS HSFFQ WBTU ë6 MJOLFS BSN JT HFCPHFO VX IBOE XJKTU PNIPPH VX CPWFOBSN JT QBSBMMFM NFU EF WMPFS FO MJHU PQ ÏÏO MJKO NFU VX TDIPVEFS ë#SFOH VX FMMFCPPH OBBS WPSFO UPF WØØS VX CPSTU TUSFL IJFSCJK VX BSN FO ESBBJ VX CPWFOMJDIBBN MJDIUKFT NFF VX CPSTUTQJFSFO EPFO NFF ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OB
3RZHU %XWWHUIO\ #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO FO QBL NFU VX MJOLFS IBOE EF MJOLFS HSFFQ WBTU ë4USFL VX MJOLFS BSN [JKXBBSUT FO UJM IFN PNIPPH UPU PQ TDIPVEFSIPPHUF ë5SFL VX HFTUSFLUF BSN OBBS SFDIUT PNIPPH UFS IPPHUF WBO VX IPPGE FO POEFSTUFVO EF CFXFHJOH NFU FFO ESBBJJOH WBOVJU VX IFVQFO ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
#PWFOMJDIBBN 'LDJRQDOH VFKRXGHUSHUV #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF [JUUFO FO QBL NFU VX MJOLFS IBOE EF MJOLFS HSFFQ WBTU VX BSN JT HFCPHFO ë#SFOH VX MJOLFS IBOE EJBHPOBBM OBBS SFDIUT CPWFO WØØS VX MJDIBBN TUSFL VX BSN IJFSCJK FO TQBO VX CVJLTQJFSFO 6X CPWFOMJDIBBN ESBBJU IJFSCJK NFF PN EF CFXFHJOH UF POEFSTUFVOFO ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
6FKRXGHUSHUV #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF [JUUFO FO IPVE NFU FMLF IBOE FFO HSFFQ WBTU ë#VJH VX BSNFO EF FMMFCPHFO MJHHFO [JKXBBSUT UFHFO VX CPSTULBT BBO ë6 TUSFLU VX BSNFO EJBHPOBBM OBBS WPSFO UPF CPWFO WØØS VX MJDIBBN ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
#PWFOMJDIBBN %LQQHQURWDWRUHQ ]LWWHQG #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF [JUUFO FO IPVE NFU VX MJOLFS IBOE EF MJOLFS HSFFQ WBTU ë#VJH VX FMMFCPPH PNMBBH VX CPWFOBSN MJHU UFHFO VX CPSTULBT BBO VX POEFSBSN JT QBSBMMFM NFU EF WMPFS FO VX IBOE XJKTU OBBS MJOLT ë#SFOH VX POEFSBSN WØØS IFU NJEEFO WBO VX MJDIBBN EF ESBBJJOH WJOEU QMBBUT JO VX TDIPVEFS ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
%LQQHQURWDWRUHQ VWDDQG #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNFO JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë%F MJOLFS[JKEF WBO VX MJDIBBN XJKTU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF NFU VX MJOLFS IBOE IPVEU V EF MJOLFS IBOEHSFFQ WBTU ë#VJH VX FMMFCPPH PNMBBH VX CPWFOBSN MJHU UFHFO VX CPSTULBT BBO VX POEFSBSN JT QBSBMMFM NFU EF WMPFS FO VX IBOE XJKTU OBBS MJOLT ë#SFOH VX POEFSBSN WØØS IFU NJEEFO WBO VX MJDIBBN EF ESBBJJOH WJOEU QMBBUT JO VX TDIPVEFS ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OB
#PWFOMJDIBBN %XLWHQURWDWRUHQ VWDDQG #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO NFU VX MJOLFS IBOE OFFNU V EF MJOLFS HSFFQ WBTU ë#VJH VX FMMFCPPH PNMBBH VX CPWFOBSN MJHU UFHFO VX CPSTULBT BBO VX POEFSBSN JT QBSBMMFM NFU EF WMPFS FO VX IBOE XJKTU OBBS WPSFO OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF ë#SFOH VX POEFSBSN OBBS EF MJOLFS [JKEF EF ESBBJJOH WJOEU QMBBUT JO VX TDIP
$UPEXLJHU VWDDQG #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNMBBH ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF PQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU TUBBO FO OFFN NFU FMLF IBOE FFO HSFFQ WBTU EF SVH WBO VX IBOE XJKTU PNMBBH ë6X BSNFO [JKO PNMBBH HFTUSFLU EF POEFSBSNFO [JKO JFUT NFFS EBO TDIPVEFSCSFFE HFPQFOE IFU NPFU BBOHFOBBN WPPS V [JKO ë%F FMMFCPHFO MJHHFO [JKEFMJOHT UFHFO VX CPWFOMJDIBBN BBO FO CMJKWFO EBBS HFEVSFOEF EF IFMF PFGFOJOH ë6 USF
#PWFOMJDIBBN %LFHSVFXUO ]LWWHQG #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF [JUUFO FO IPVE NFU FMLF IBOE FFO HSFFQ WBTU VX FMMFCPHFO MJHHFO UFHFO VX CPWFOMJDIBBN BBO VX BSNFO [JKO OBBS POEFSFO UPF HFTUSFLU ë6 USFLU VX POEFSBSNFO MBOH[BBN PNIPPH JO EF SJDIUJOH WBO VX CPWFOBSNFO ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
5HYHUVH %XWWHUIO\ #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO NFU VX SFDIUFS IBOE OFFNU V EF SFDIUFS HSFFQ WBTU ë6X SFDIUFS BSN JT HFCPHFO VX CPWFOBSN JT QBSBMMFM NFU EF WMPFS FO VX FMMFCPPH XJKTU OBBS WPSFO UPF ë6 CSFOHU VX FMMFCPPH NFU FFO IBMWF DJSLFMCFXFHJOH OBBS BDIUFSFO UPF VX CPWFOMJDIBBN SPUFFSU WBOVJU VX IFVQFO NFF JO EF SJDIUJOH WBO EF CFXFHJOH ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX
#PWFOMJDIBBN 'XSYZXKQQKX GINZKX]GGXZY 3BEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO FO OFFN NFU VX SFDIUFS IBOE EF MJOLFS HSFFQ WBTU ë4USFL VX SFDIUFS BSN OBBS WPSFO UPF FO CSFOH IFN [JKEFMJOHT BBO VX MJDIBBN WPPSCJK OBBS BDIUFSFO UPF ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
:XOIKVYZXKQQKX #FWFTUJH EF TUBOH BBO EF CPWFOTUF CPXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] ,MBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNMBBH ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF PQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU TUBBO .
#PWFOMJDIBBN $UPEXLJHU ]LWWHQG #FWFTUJH EF MBUJTTJNVTTUBOH BBO EF CPWFOTUF CPXEFOLBCFM ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF [JUUFO QBL EF TUBOH TUFWJH WBTU VX BSNFO [JKO OBBS CPWFO UPF CPWFO VX IPPGE HFTUSFLU VX CPWFOBSNFO IPVEU V [JKEFMJOHT OBBTU VX IPPGE CVJH MJDIUKFT WPPSPWFS ë#VJH VX BSNFO FO USFL EF TUBOH FO IFU HFXJDIU MBOH[BBN BDIUFS VX IPPGE PNMBBH ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
5RHLHQ YRRURYHU JHERJHQ #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF PG CFWFTUJH EF TUBOH BBO EF POEFSTUF #PXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO OFFN NFU FMLF IBOE FFO HSFFQ WBTU ë)PVE VX CFOFO HFPQFOE PQ TDIPVEFSCSFFEUF IPVE VX LOJFÑO MJDIUKFT HFCPHFO CVJH VX CPWFOMJDIBBN MJDIUKFT WPPSPWFS VX BSNFO [JKO MJDIUKFT HFCPHFO #MJKG JO EF[F HFCPHFO IPVEJOH UFSXJKM V EF PFGFOJOH EPFU ë4QBO VX CVJLTQJFSFO FO EF
#PWFOMJDIBBN 5RHLHQ ]LWWHQG #FWFTUJH UXFF IBOEHSFQFO BBO EF POEFSTUF CPXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF PQ EF HSPOE [JUUFO OFFN NFU FMLF IBOE FFO HSFFQ WBTU ESVL VX WPFUFO UFHFO EF WPFUFOQMBBU TUSFL VX CFOFO ë6X FMMFCPHFO NPFUFO JO IFU CFHJO PQ EF[FMGEF IPPHUF [JKO BMT VX CPSTULBT ë5SFL EF HSFQFO JO EF SJDIUJOH WBO VX CPWFOMJDIBBN EPPS VX FMMFCPHFO NFU FFO SPFJFOEF CFXFHJOH EJSFDU BDIUFS VX MJDIBBN UF CSFOHFO ë
/DWLVVLPXVWUHNNHU #FWFTUJH EF TUBOH BBO EF CPWFOTUF CPXEFOLBCFM ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF [JUUFO OFFN EF IBMUFSTUBOH NFU CFJEF IBOEFO CSFFE WBTU ë5SFL EF TUBOH PQ CPSTUIPPHUF PNMBBH ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
#PWFOMJDIBBN 6OLFH #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO OFFN NFU CFJEF IBOEFO PG BMMFFO NFU VX MJOLFS IBOE EF MJOLFS IBOEHSFFQ WBTU [FU VX WPFUFO JO TUBQTUBOE MJOLFS HSFFQ EBO VX SFDIUFS WPFU OBBS WPSFO SFDIUFS HSFFQ EBO VX MJOLFS WPFU OBBS WPSFO ë4UFMU V [JDI WPPS EBU V NFU FFO SBDLFU XJMU TMBBO VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF MJHU PQ TDIPVEFSIPPHUF VX FJOEQPTJUJF MJHU PQ
7RSVSLQ #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO OFFN NFU CFJEF IBOEFO PG BMMFFO NFU VX MJOLFS IBOE EF MJOLFS IBOEHSFFQ WBTU [FU VX WPFUFO JO TUBQTUBOE MJOLFS HSFFQ EBO VX SFDIUFS WPFU OBBS WPSFO SFDIUFS HSFFQ EBO VX MJOLFS WPFU OBBS WPSFO ë4UFMU V [JDI WPPS EBU V NFU FFO SBDLFU XJMU TMBBO VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF MJHU PQ IFVQIPPHUF VX FJOEQPTJUJF MJHU PQ TDIPVEFSIPPHUF VX IB
.JEEFOMJDIBBN &URVVFRXUW 6PDVK #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO OFFN NFU VX MJOLFS IBOE EF MJOLFS HSFFQ WBTU VX BSNFO [JKO HFCPHFO VX IBOE XJKTU OBBS WPSFO UPF ë(B JO FFO IPHF IVSLIPVEJOH [JUUFO BMTPG V PQ FFO TUPFM XJMU HBBO [JUUFO ë(B TUBBO TUSFL JO ÏÏO CFXFHJOH VX MJOLFS BSN OBBS WPSFO UPF ESBBJ WBOVJU VX IFVQ NFF FO CSFOH VX BSN EBBSEPPS OBBS EF UFHFOPWFSMJHHF
/XQJH WR SXVK #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO QBL NFU VX MJOLFS IBOE EF MJOLFS IBOEHSFFQ WBTU VX WPFUFO TUBBO PQ IFVQCSFFEUF VJU FMLBBS ë4UBSUQPTJUJF [FU FFO VJUWBMTUBQ EPPS NFU VX SFDIUFS WPFU FFO HSPUF TUBQ WPPSXBBSUT UF [FUUFO ë6 CVJHU VX SFDIUFS LOJF BMTPG V JO FFO IPHF IVSLCFXFHJOH XJMU HBBO [JUUFO ;PSH FS WPPS EBU VX LOJF WFSUJDBBM JO IFU WFSMFOHEF WBO VX WPFU CMJKGU FO
.JEEFOMJDIBBN 3RZHU 6ZLQJ #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO FO QBL NFU CFJEF IBOEFO EF MJOLFS IBOEHSFFQ WBTU ë6X WPFUFO TUBBO PQ IFVQCSFFEUF (B JO FFO IPHF IVSLIPVEJOH [JUUFO BMTPG V PQ FFO TUPFM XJMU HBBO [JUUFO ë;XBBJ NFU CFJEF IBOEFO OBBS WPSFO CPWFOBBO OBBS EF BOEFSF TDIPVEFS UPF %PF EJU UFSXJKM V HBBU TUBBO FO VX CPWFOMJDIBBN NFFESBBJU ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJU
&DWFK WR WKURZ #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO QBL NFU VX MJOLFS IBOE EF MJOLFS IBOEHSFFQ WBTU VX WPFUFO TUBBO PQ IFVQCSFFEUF VJU FMLBBS ë4UBSUQPTJUJF NBBL FFO [JKXBBSUTF VJUWBMTUBQ NBBL NFU VX SFDIUFS WPFU FFO HSPUF TUBQ OBBS MJOLT VX MJOLFS WPFU CMJKGU TUBBO V IPVEU VX MJOLFS BSN HFCPHFO WØØS MJDIBBN VX MJOLFS IBOE XJKTU OBBS SFDIUT ë4USFL VX MJOLFS BSN EJBHPOBBM OBBS SFDIUT WPSFO
.JEEFOMJDIBBN %ORNNHUHQ #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO FO OFFN NFU FMLF IBOE FFO HSFFQ WBTU ë(B JO FFO IPHF IVSLIPVEJOH [JUUFO BMTPG V PQ FFO TUPFM XJMU HBBO [JUUFO VX BSNFO [JKO HFCPHFO FO VX IBOEFO XJK[FO OBBS WPSFO UPF PNIPPH ë(B SFDIUPQ TUBBO ESVL VX CFJEF IBOEFO OBBS CPWFO UPF WBO VX MJDIBBN WBOEBBO BMTPG V CJK IFU WPMMFZCBMMFO XJMU CMPLLFSFO ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJ
3RZHU 3DVV #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO OFFN NFU FMLF IBOE FFO HSFFQ WBTU VX BSNFO [JKO HFCPHFO VX IBOEFO XJK[FO OBBS WPSFO UPF ë(B JO FFO IPHF IVSLIPVEJOH [JUUFO BMTPG V PQ FFO TUPFM XJMU HBBO [JUUFO ë(B SFDIUPQ TUBBO ESVL VX CFJEF IBOEFO OBBS WPSFO UPF WBO VX MJDIBBN WBOEBBO BMTPG V CJK IFU CBTLFUCBMMFO FFO QBTT XJMU HFWFO ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
.JEEFOMJDIBBN $JLOLW\ 3DVV #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B MJOLT WBO EF NBDIJOF NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO QBL NFU VX MJOLFS IBOE EF MJOLFS IBOEHSFFQ WBTU VX WPFUFO TUBBO PQ IFVQCSFFEUF VJU FMLBBS ë4UBSUQPTJUJF NBBL FFO [JKXBBSUTF VJUWBMTUBQ NBBL NFU VX SFDIUFS WPFU FFO HSPUF [JKXBBSUTF TUBQ OBBS SFDIUT VX MJOLFS WPFU CMJKGU TUBBO X MJOLFS BSN JT HFCPHFO VX IBOE XJKTU OBBS WPSFO UPF ë%SVL VX MJOL
'RZQKLOO 6ZHHS #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO IPVE NFU FMLF IBOE FFO HSFFQ WBTU VX WPFUFO TUBBO PQ IFVQCSFFEUF WPPS HFWPSEFSEFO OFFN NFU VX SFDIUFS IBOE EF SFDIUFS HSFFQ WBTU FO HB BMMFFO PQ VX SFDIUFS CFFO TUBBO ë(B JO FFO IVSLIPVEJOH [JUUFO BMTPG V PQ FFO TUPFM XJMU HBBO [JUUFO ë(B MBOH[BBN SFDIUPQ TUBBO FO ESVL UFHFMJKLFSUJKE VX CFJEF BSNFO OBBS BDIUFSFO UPF PNMBBH ë.
.JEEFOMJDIBBN %LFHSVFXUO VWDDQG #SFOH EF SBEJBMF BSNUSFLLFST JO QPTJUJF %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] LMBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNIPPH ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO IPVE NFU FMLF IBOE FFO HSFFQ WBTU VX WPFUFO TUBBO PQ IFVQCSFFEUF WPPS HFWPSEFSEFO OFFN NFU VX SFDIUFS IBOE EF SFDIUFS HSFFQ WBTU FO HB BMMFFO PQ VX SFDIUFS CFFO TUBBO ë(B JO FFO IVSLIPVEJOH [JUUFO BMTPG V PQ FFO TUPFM XJMU HBBO [JUUFO VX POEFSBSNFO XJK[FO IBBLT OBBS WPSFO UPF ë(B XFFS TUB
4XLFN 7XUQ #FWFTUJH EF WPFUMVT BBO EF POEFSTUF CPXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] ,MBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNMBBH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO FO EPF EF WPFUMVT PN VX MJOLFS FOLFM ë#VJH VX SFDIUFS LOJF MJDIUKFT CVJH VX MJOLFS LOJF FO USFL [F OBBS WPSFO UPF PNIPPH UPUEBU VX CPWFOCFFO QBSBMMFM MPPQU NFU EF WMPFS ë5FSXJKM V VX LOJF PQUSFLU ESBBJU V WBOVJU VX IFVQ NFU VX CPWFOMJDIBBN OBBS MJOLT UPF ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
0OEFSMJDIBBN 3RZHU &\FOH #FWFTUJH EF WPFUMVT BBO EF POEFSTUF CPXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] ,MBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNMBBH ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO FO EPF EF WPFUMVT PN VX SFDIUFS FOLFM ë#VJH VX MJOLFS LOJF MJDIUKFT CVJH VX SFDIUFS LOJF FO USFL [F OBBS WPSFO UPF PNIPPH UPUEBU VX CPWFOCFFO QBSBMMFM MPPQU NFU EF WMPFS ë.BBL NFU VX SFDIUFS CFFO FFO USBQQFOEF CFXFHJOH OFU BMT CJK IFU mFUTFO ë.
.QLH OLIW #FWFTUJH EF WPFUMVT BBO EF POEFSTUF CPXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] ,MBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNMBBH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO FO EPF EF WPFUMVT PN VX MJOLFS FOLFM ë#VJH VX SFDIUFS LOJF MJDIUKFT CVJH VX MJOLFS LOJF FO USFL [F OBBS WPSFO UPF PNIPPH UPUEBU VX CPWFOCFFO QBSBMMFM MPPQU NFU EF WMPFS ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
0OEFSMJDIBBN %HHQEXLJHU NQLHOHQG #FWFTUJH EF WPFUMVT BBO EF POEFSTUF CPXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] ,MBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNMBBH ë-FH EF WPFUMVT SPOE VX MJOLFS FOLFM FO HB PQ IBOEFO FO WPFUFO NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO ë#MJKG NFU VX SFDIUFS LOJF PQ EF HSPOE UJM VX MJOLFS CFFO HFTUSFLU PNIPPH [PEBU VX CPWFOCFFO QBSBMMFM MPPQU NFU EF WMPFS ë#VJH MBOH[BBN VX MJOLFS CFFO FO TUSFL IFU XFFS VX CPWFOCFFO CMJKGU QBSBMMFM NFU EF WMPFS ë.
.QLHEXLJHU #FWFTUJH EF WPFUMVT BBO EF POEFSTUF CPXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] ,MBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNMBBH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO FO EPF EF WPFUMVT PN VX MJOLFS FOLFM ë#VJH VX SFDIUFS LOJF MJDIUKFT CVJH VX MJOLFS POEFSCFFO OBBS BDIUFSFO UPF PNIPPH [PEBU VX IJFM OBBS IFU QMBGPOE UPF XJKTU ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
0OEFSMJDIBBN %HHQDEGXFWLH #FWFTUJH EF WPFUMVT BBO EF POEFSTUF CPXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] ,MBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNMBBH ë(B NFU VX MJOLFS [JKEF OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO FO EPF EF WPFUMVT PN VX SFDIUFS WPFU ë(B MJOLT NFU MJDIUKFT HFCPHFO LOJF TUBBO CFXFFH VX SFDIUFS CFFO HFTUSFLU OBBS SFDIUT CVJUFO UPF ë6X MJOLFS LOJF NPFU [JDI SFDIUTUSFFLT CPWFO VX MJOLFS WPFU CFWJOEFO NBBL NFU VX SFDIUFS CFFO HFFO [JKXBBSUTF CFXFHJOHFO OBBS WPPS PG BDIUFS ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOH
%HHQDGGXFWLH #FWFTUJH EF WPFUMVT BBO EF POEFSTUF CPXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] ,MBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNMBBH ë(B NFU VX MJOLFS [JKEF OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO FO EPF EF WPFUMVT PN VX MJOLFS WPFU ë(B NFU MJDIUKFT HFCPHFO LOJF PQ VX SFDIUFS CFFO TUBBO CFXFFH VX MJOLFS CFFO WØØS VX SFDIUFS CFFO HFTUSFLU OBBS SFDIUT CVJUFO UPF ë6X SFDIUFS LOJF NPFU [JDI SFDIUTUSFFLT CPWFO VX SFDIUFS WPFU CFWJOEFO NBBL NFU VX SFDIUFS IFVQ HFFO VJUXJKLFOEF [JKXBBSUTF CFXFHJOHFO ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX
0OEFSMJDIBBN %HHQVSUHLGHQ DFKWHUZDDUWV #FWFTUJH EF WPFUMVT BBO EF POEFSTUF CPXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] ,MBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNMBBH ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO FO EPF EF WPFUMVT PN VX SFDIUFS FOLFM ë#VJH VX MJOLFS CFFO MJDIUKFT TUSFL VX SFDIUFS CFFO FO TQSFJE IFU HFTUSFLU OBBS BDIUFSFO UPF VX UFOFO XJK[FO JO EF FJOEQPTJUJF OBBS EF WMPFS UPF ë%F CFXFHJOHTPNWBOH LBO UPFOFNFO BMT V HFFO QJKO IFFGU JO VX MFOEFOXFSWFMT ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX
%HHQVWUHNNHU #FWFTUJH EF CFFOSPM BBO EF POEFSTUF CPXEFOLBCFM ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF [JUUFO ë;FU EF WPPS[JKEF WBO VX TDIFFOCFFO BDIUFS EJF TDIVJNTUPG SPMMFO POEFS IFU [JUKF ë-FVO NFU VX SVH UFHFO EF SVHMFVOJOH BBO TUSFL VX CFFO OBBS WPSFO UPF NBBS TUSFL VX LOJFÑO OJFU IFMFNBBM ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
0OEFSMJDIBBN %HHQVWUHNNHU VWDDQG #FWFTUJH EF WPFUMVT BBO EF POEFSTUF CPXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] ,MBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNMBBH ë(B NFU VX SVH OBBS IFU UPFTUFM UPF TUBBO FO EPF EF WPFUMVT PN VX MJOLFS FOLFM ë4UBSUQPTJUJF (B PQ VX SFDIUFS CFFO TUBBO TQBO VX CVJLTQJFSFO FO UJM VX MJOLFS LOJF OJFU IPHFS EBO IFVQIPPHUF FO IPVE VX LOJF [P UJKEFOT EF IFMF PFGFOJOH ë4USFL VX MJOLFS CFFO OBBS WPSFO UPF [POEFS EBU V NFU VX CPWFOMJDIBBN FFO VJUXJKLFOEF CFXFHJOH NBBL
)UXK W[GJ K^ZKTYOUT .
0OEFSMJDIBBN .XLWEHHQYHUVWHYLJLQJ #FWFTUJH EF TUBOH BBO EF POEFSTUF CPXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] ,MBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNMBBH ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM TUBBO OFFN NFU VX IBOEFO PQ TDIPVEFSCSFFEUF EF IBMUFSTUBOH WBTU VX BSNFO XJK[FO HFTUSFLU PNMBBH ë6X WPFUFO TUBBO PQ IFVQCSFFEUF EF QVOUFO WBO VX WPFUFO XJK[FO OBBS WPSFO UPF MPPQ MBOH[BBN PQ VX UFOFO ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
.XLWEHHQYHUVWHYLJLQJ PHW ppQ EHHQ #FWFTUJH EF TUBOH BBO EF POEFSTUF CPXEFOLBCFM %FNPOUFFS IFU [JUKF ] ,MBQ EF WPFUFOQMBBU PNMBBH ë(B NFU VX HF[JDIU OBBS IFU UPFTUFM TUBBO OFFN NFU VX IBOEFO PQ TDIPVEFSCSFFEUF EF IBMUFSTUBOH WBTU VX BSNFO XJK[FO HFTUSFLU PNMBBH ë5SFL ÏÏO WPFU PNIPPH HB NFU IFU TUBBOEF CFFO MBOH[BBN PQ VX UFOFO TUBBO ë,FFS MBOH[BBN UFSVH OBBS VX VJUHBOHTQPTJUJF ë.
7LMGDIKDQNHOLMNH RHIHQLQJHQ 0LQXWHQ WUDLQLQJ YDQ KHW YROOHGLJH OLFKDDP %HJLQQHUV 0HW GH]H RHIHQLQJ NXQW X JHGXUHQGH NRUWH WLMG RS HIIHFWLHYH ZLM]H XZ KHOH OLFKDDP WUDLQHQ 'HWDLOV +HUKDOLQJHQ .
7LMGDIKDQNHOLMNH RHIHQLQJHQ 0LQXWHQ WUDLQLQJ YDQ KHW YROOHGLJH OLFKDDP 'H WUDLQLQJ LV JHEDVHHUG RS GH PLQXWHQ GXUHQGH WUDLQLQJ YDQ KHW YROOHGLJH OLFKDDP =LM FRQFHQWUHHUW ]LFK RS HHQ NOHLQHUH ]LFKWEDUH VSLHUJURHS 'H SH]HQ HQ VSLHUYH]HOV YDQ GH VFKRXGHU GH HOOHERRJ ZRUGHQ NUDFKWLJHU HQ VWHYLJHU JHPDDNW 'HWDLOV +HUKDOLQJHQ 5HHNVHQ 3DX]HV PLQGHU VHFRQGHQ 'H PLQXWHQ GXUHQGH EHJLQQHUVRHIHQLQJ 3/86 7ULFHSVWUHNNHU SDJLQD $UPEXLJHU VWDDQG SDJLQD 5RHLHQ YRRURYHUJHERJHQ SDJLQD
'RHOJHULFKWH WUDLQLQJ YDQ KHW YROOHGLJH OLFKDDP 7UDLQLQJ YDQ KHW ERYHQ HQ RQGHUOLFKDDP +HW GRHO YDQ GH WUDLQLQJ YDQ KHW ERYHQ HQ RQGHUOLFKDDP LV GH VSLHUJURHL YDQ GH OLFKDDPVDUHDOHQ WH VWLPXOHUHQ GLH YHUDQW ZRRUGHOLMN ]LMQ YRRU GH VWDELOLVDWLH YDQ KHW OLFKDDP (U ZRUGHQ VSHFLILHNH JHWUDLQG HU ZRUGW JHVWUHHIG QDDU PD[LPDOH JURHL HQ NUDFKWRSERXZ 'H RHIHQLQJHQ FRQFHQWUHUHQ ]LFK RS HHQ JURWHU DDQWDO UHHNVHQ PHW HHQ NOHLQHU DDQWDO KHUKDOLQJHQ 2P HU KHW JURRWVW PRJHOLMN QXW XLW WH KDOHQ PRHW X KHW J
'RHOJHULFKWH WUDLQLQJ YDQ KHW YROOHGLJH OLFKDDP 'HWDLOV ELM GH WUDLQLQJ YDQ KHW RQGHUOLFKDDP +HUKDOLQJHQ 5HHNVHQ 3DX]HV PLQGHU VHFRQGHQ %HHQVWUHNNHU SDJLQD %HHQVSUHLGHQ DFKWHUZDDUWV SDJLQD %HHQDGGXFWLH SDJLQD %HHQDEGXFWLH SDJLQD %HHQEXLJHU NQLHOHQG SDJLQD B6WUHQJWKB&DUGV LQGG $0
$FWLYLWHLWVDIKDQNHOLMNH RHIHQLQJHQ 6SRUW HQ DFWLYLWHLWVVSHFLILHNH RHIHQLQJHQ %PFM 3DVVHQ XZ IXQFWLRQHOH NUDFKWWUDLQLQJ DDQ XZ OLHYHOLQJVVSRUW DDQ UHVS DDQ GH DFWLYLWHLW GLH X KHW OLHIVW GRHW ë 9HUEHWHULQJ YDQ GH SUHVWDWLHV ë 6WDELOLWHLWVYHUEHWHULQJ ë 3UHYHQWLH .
$FWLYLWHLWVDIKDQNHOLMNH RHIHQLQJHQ %DVHEDOO 6RIWEDOO 3RZHU 6ZLQJ SDJLQD &DWFK WR WKURZ SDJLQD %LQQHQURWDWRUHQ VWDDQG SDJLQD %XLWHQURWDWRUHQ VWDDQG SDJLQD =ZHPPHQ 5HYHUVH %XWWHUIO\ SDJLQD &UDZOHQ SDJLQD %HHQVSUHLGHQ DFKWHUZDDUWV SDJLQD 3RZHU %XWWHUIO\ SDJLQD 9ROOH\EDOO %ORNNHUHQ SDJLQD 3RZHU %XWWHUIO\ SDJLQD .XLWEHHQYHUVWHYLJLQJ SDJLQD &UDZOHQ SDJLQD %DVNHWEDOO 3RZHU 3DVV SDJLQD %HHQDGGXFWLH SDJLQD %HHQDEGXFWLH SDJLQD .
(OLVDEHWKVWU ' )UHFKHQ 'XLWVODQG ã .