HP 39gs English.
title.fm Page ii Thursday, July 13, 2006 10:29 AM Notice REGISTER YOUR PRODUCT AT: www.register.hp.com THIS MANUAL AND ANY EXAMPLES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. HEWLETT-PACKARD CO.
EnterpriseTOC.fm Page i Wednesday, May 3, 2006 5:01 PM Contents Preface Manual conventions .............................................................. P-1 Notice ................................................................................. P-2 1 Getting started On/off, cancel operations......................................................1-1 The display ..........................................................................1-2 The keyboard ....................................................
EnterpriseTOC.fm Page ii Wednesday, May 3, 2006 5:01 PM 3 Function aplet About the Function aplet........................................................ 3-1 Getting started with the Function aplet ................................ 3-1 Function aplet interactive analysis........................................... 3-9 Plotting a piecewise-defined function ................................ 3-12 4 Parametric aplet About the Parametric aplet ....................................................
EnterpriseTOC.fm Page iii Wednesday, May 3, 2006 5:01 PM Exploring the graph ......................................................10-19 Calculating predicted values ..........................................10-20 11 Inference aplet About the Inference aplet .....................................................11-1 Getting started with the Inference aplet .............................11-1 Importing sample statistics from the Statistics aplet ..............11-4 Hypothesis tests ..........................
EnterpriseTOC.fm Page iv Wednesday, May 3, 2006 5:01 PM Two-variable statistics ................................................... 13-17 Symbolic functions ....................................................... 13-17 Test functions............................................................... 13-18 Trigonometry functions.................................................. 13-19 Symbolic calculations........................................................ 13-20 Finding derivatives .......................
EnterpriseTOC.fm Page v Wednesday, May 3, 2006 5:01 PM Using programs ..................................................................18-7 Customizing an aplet...........................................................18-9 Aplet naming convention ...............................................18-10 Example ......................................................................18-10 Programming commands....................................................18-13 Aplet commands .............................
EnterpriseTOC.fm Page vi Wednesday, May 3, 2006 5:01 PM Polar aplet variables ........................................................ R-9 Sequence aplet variables ................................................ R-10 Solve aplet variables ...................................................... R-11 Statistics aplet variables.................................................. R-12 MATH menu categories ....................................................... R-13 Math functions...............................
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Preface The HP 39gs is a feature-rich graphing calculator. It is also a powerful mathematics learning tool. The HP 39gs is designed so that you can use it to explore mathematical functions and their properties. You can get more information on the HP 39gs from Hewlett-Packard’s Calculators web site. You can download customized aplets from the web site and load them onto your calculator.
Preface.fm Page 2 Thursday, July 13, 2006 10:33 AM Notice This manual and any examples contained herein are provided as-is and are subject to change without notice.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 1 Getting started On/off, cancel operations To turn on Press To cancel When the calculator is on, the current operation. To turn off Press to turn on the calculator. OFF key cancels the to turn the calculator off. To save power, the calculator turns itself off after several minutes of inactivity. All stored and displayed information is saved.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM To adjust the contrast Simultaneously press decrease) the contrast. and To clear the display • Press CANCEL to clear the edit line. • Press CLEAR to clear the edit line and the display history. The display (or ) to increase (or Parts of the display Title History Edit line Menu key labels Menu key or soft key labels. The labels for the menu keys’ current meanings. is the label for the first menu key in this picture.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Annunciators. Annunciators are symbols that appear above the title bar and give you important status information. Annunciator Description Shift in effect for next keystroke. To cancel, press again. α ((•)) Alpha in effect for next keystroke. To cancel, press again. Low battery power. Busy. Data is being transferred via infrared or cable.
HP 39gs English.book Page 4 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM • On the calculator keyboard, the top row of keys are called menu keys. Their meanings depend on the context—that’s why their tops are blank. The menu keys are sometimes called “soft keys”. • The bottom line of the display shows the labels for the menu keys’ current meanings. Aplet control keys The aplet control keys are: Key Meaning Displays the Symbolic view for the current aplet. See “Symbolic view” on page 1-16.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Entry/Edit keys The entry and edit keys are: Key Meaning Cancels the current operation if the calculator is on by pressing . Pressing , then OFF turns the calculator off. (CANCEL) Accesses the function printed in blue above a key. Returns to the HOME view, for performing calculations. Accesses the alphabetical characters printed in orange below a key. Hold down to enter a string of characters. Enters an input or executes an operation.
HP 39gs English.book Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Key 11:24 PM Meaning (Continued) CHARS Displays a menu of all available characters. To type one, use the arrow keys to highlight it, and press . To select multiple characters, select each and press , then press . Shifted keystrokes There are two shift keys that you use to access the operations and characters printed above the keys: and . Key Description Press the key to access the operations printed in blue above the keys.
HP 39gs English.book HELPWITH Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The HP 39gs built-in help is available in HOME only. It provides syntax help for built-in math functions. Access the HELPWITH command by pressing SYNTAX and then the math key for which you require syntax help. Example Press SYNTAX Note: Remove the left parenthesis from built-in functions such as sine, cosine, and tangent before invoking the HELPWITH command. Math keys HOME ( ) is the place to do calculations.
HP 39gs English.book Page 8 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM • Pressing displays a menu of physical constants from the fields of chemistry, physics, and quantum mechanics. You can use these constants in calculations. (See “Physical constants” on page 13-25 for more information.) • Pressing takes you to the beginning of the MATH menu. See “Math functions by category” on page 13-2 for details of the math functions.
HP 39gs English.book Page 9 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 • If there are two columns, the left column shows general categories and the right column shows specific contents within a category. Highlight a general category in the left column, then highlight an item in the right column. The list in the right column changes when a different category is highlighted. Press or selection. • 11:24 PM when you have highlighted your To speed-search a list, type the first letter of the word.
HP 39gs English.book Page 10 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Mode settings You use the Modes input form to set the modes for HOME. HINT Although the numeric setting in Modes affects only HOME, the angle setting controls HOME and the current aplet. The angle setting selected in Modes is the angle setting used in both HOME and current aplet. To further configure an aplet, you use the SETUP keys ( and ). Press form.
HP 39gs English.book Page 11 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Setting 11:24 PM Options (Continued) Engineering. Displays result with an exponent that is a multiple of 3, and the specified number of significant digits beyond the first one. Example: 123.456E7 becomes 1.23E9 in Engineering 2 format. Fraction. Displays results as fractions based on the specified number of decimal places. Examples: 123.456789 becomes 123 in Fraction 2 format, and .333 becomes 1/3 and 0.142857 becomes 1/7.
HP 39gs English.book Page 12 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The cursor (highlight) is in the first field, Angle Measure. 2. Press to display a list of choices. 3. Press to select Degrees, and press . The angle measure changes to degrees. 4. Press HOME. HINT to return to Whenever an input form has a list of choices for a field, you can press to cycle through them instead of using .
HP 39gs English.book Page 13 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM symbolic views of the aplets in the following table. See “Aplet view configuration” on page 1-18 for further information. Aplet name Use this aplet to explore: Function Real-valued, rectangular functions y in 2 terms of x. Example: y = 2x + 3x + 5 . Inference Confidence intervals and Hypothesis tests based on the Normal and Students-t distributions. Parametric Parametric relations x and y in terms of t.
HP 39gs English.book Page 14 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM charge and transferred to the HP 39gs using the provided Connectivity Kit. Quad Explorer aplet HINT The Quad Explorer aplet is used to investigate the 2 behaviour of y = a ( x + h ) + v as the values of a, h and v change, both by manipulating the equation and seeing the change in the graph, and by manipulating the graph and seeing the change in the equation.
HP 39gs English.book Page 15 Trig Explorer aplet Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The Trig Explorer aplet is used to investigate the behaviour of the graph of y = a sin ( bx + c ) + d as the values of a, b, c and d change, both by manipulating the equation and seeing the change in the graph, or by manipulating the graph and seeing the change in the equation. Press , select Trig Explorer, and then press to display the screen shown right. In this mode, the graph controls the equation.
HP 39gs English.book Page 16 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Aplet library Aplets are stored in the Aplet library. To open an aplet Press to display the Aplet library menu. Select the aplet and press or . From within an aplet, you can return to HOME any time by pressing . Aplet views When you have configured an aplet to define the relation or data that you want to explore, you can display it in different views.
HP 39gs English.book Page 17 Numeric view Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Press 11:24 PM to display the aplet’s Numeric view. In this view, the functions that you have defined are displayed in tabular format. See “About the numeric view” on page 2-16 for further information. Plot-Table view The VIEWS menu contains the Plot-Table view. Select Plot-Table Splits the screen into the plot and the data table. See “Other views for scaling and splitting the graph” on page 2-13 for futher information.
HP 39gs English.book Page 18 Note view Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Press NOTE 11:24 PM to display the aplet’s note view. This note is transferred with the aplet if it is sent to another calculator or to a PC. A note view contains text to supplement an aplet. See “Notes and sketches” on page 17-1 for further information. Sketch view Press SKETCH to display the aplet’s sketch view. Displays pictures to supplement an aplet. See “Notes and sketches” on page 17-1 for further information.
HP 39gs English.book Page 19 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM To change views Each view is a separate environment. To change a view, select a different view by pressing , , keys or select a view from the VIEWS menu. To change to HOME, press . You do not explicitly close the current view, you just enter another one—like passing from one room into another in a house. Data that you enter is automatically saved as you enter it.
HP 39gs English.book Page 20 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 2 Example 23 – 14 8 Calculate ---------------------------- ln ( 45 ) : –3 23 14 8 3 45 Long results If the result is too long to fit on the display line, or if you want to see an expression in textbook format, press to highlight it and then press . Negative numbers Type to start a negative number or to insert a negative sign. To raise a negative number to a power, enclose it in parentheses.
HP 39gs English.book Page 21 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM However, for clarity, it is better to include the multiplication sign where you expect multiplication in an expression. It is clearest to enter AB as A*B. HINT Parentheses Implied multiplication will not always work as expected. For example, entering A(B+4) will not give A*(B+4). Instead an error message is displayed: “Invalid User Function”.
HP 39gs English.book Page 22 Algebraic precedence order of evaluation Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Functions within an expression are evaluated in the following order of precedence. Functions with the same precedence are evaluated in order from left to right. 1. Expressions within parentheses. Nested parentheses are evaluated from inner to outer. 2. Prefix functions, such as SIN and LOG. 3. Postfix functions, such as ! 4. Power function, ^, NTHROOT. 5. Negation, multiplication, and division. 6.
HP 39gs English.book Page 23 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM When you highlight a previous input or result (by pressing ), the and menu labels appear. To copy a previous line Highlight the line (press ) and press . The number (or expression) is copied into the edit line. To reuse the last result Press ANS (last answer) to put the last result from the HOME display into an expression. ANS is a variable that is updated each time you press .
HP 39gs English.book Page 24 HINT Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM When you retrieve a number from ANS, you obtain the result to its full precision. When you retrieve a number from the HOME’s display history, you obtain exactly what was displayed. Pressing evaluates (or re-evaluates) the last input, ANS copies the last result (as ANS) whereas pressing into the edit line. Storing a value in a variable You can save an answer in a variable and use the variable in later calculations.
HP 39gs English.book Page 25 Accessing the display history Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Pressing enables the highlight bar in the display history. While the highlight bar is active, the following menu and keyboard keys are very useful: Key Function , Scrolls through the display history. Copies the highlighted expression to the position of the cursor in the edit line. Displays the current expression in standard mathematical form.
HP 39gs English.book Page 26 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 2. Select Number Format, press to display the options, and highlight Fraction or Mixed Fraction. 3. Press to select the Number Format option, then move to the precision value field. 4. Enter the precision value that you want to use, and press to set the precision. Press to HOME. to return See “Setting fraction precision” below for more information.
HP 39gs English.book Page 27 Fraction calculations Wednesday, December 7, 2005 • Precision set to 1: • Precision set to 2: • Precision set to 3: • Precision set to 4 11:24 PM When entering fractions: • You use the key to separate the numerator part and the denominator part of the fraction. • To enter a mixed fraction, for example, 11/2, you enter it in the format (1+1/2). For example, to perform the following calculation: 3(23/4 + 57/8) 1.
HP 39gs English.book Page 28 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 2. Enter the calculation. 3 2 4 3 5 7 8 Note: Ensure you are in the HOME view. 3. Evaluate the calculation. Note that if you had selected Mixed Fraction instead of Fraction as the Number format, the answer would have been expressed as 25+7/8. Converting decimals to fractions To convert a decimal value to a fraction: 1. Set the number format mode to Fraction or Mixed Fraction. 2.
HP 39gs English.book Page 29 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM In this example, the fraction precision is set to 6. Complex numbers Complex results The HP 39gs can return a complex number as a result for some math functions. A complex number appears as an ordered pair (x, y), where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part. For example, entering – 1 returns (0,1).
HP 39gs English.book Page 30 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Catalogs and editors The HP 39gs has several catalogs and editors. You use them to create and manipulate objects. They access features and stored values (numbers or text or other items) that are independent of aplets. • A catalog lists items, which you can delete or transmit, for example an aplet. • An editor lets you create or modify items and numbers, for example a note or a matrix.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 2 Aplets and their views Aplet views This section examines the options and functionality of the three main views for the Function, Polar, Parametric, and Sequence aplets: Symbolic, Plot, and Numeric views. About the Symbolic view The Symbolic view is the defining view for the Function, Parametric, Polar, and Sequence aplets. The other views are derived from the symbolic expression.
HP 39gs English.book 2-2 Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM – For a Function definition, enter an expression to define F(X). The only independent variable in the expression is X. – For a Parametric definition, enter a pair of expressions to define X(T) and Y(T). The only independent variable in the expressions is T. – For a Polar definition, enter an expression to define R(θ). The only independent variable in the expression is θ.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Evaluating expressions In aplets In the Symbolic view, a variable is a symbol only, and does not represent one specific value. To evaluate a function in Symbolic view, press . If a function calls another function, then resolves all references to other functions in terms of their independent variable. 1. Choose the Function aplet. Select Function 2. Enter the expressions in the Function aplet’s Symbolic view. A B F1 F2 3. Highlight F3(X).
HP 39gs English.book Page 4 In HOME Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM You can also evaluate any expression in HOME by entering it into the edit line and pressing . For example, define F4 as below. In HOME, type F4(9)and press . This evaluates the expression, substituting 9 in place of X into F4. SYMB view keys The following table details the menu keys that you use to work with the Symbolic view. Key Meaning Copies the highlighted expression to the edit line for editing. Press when done.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Key 11:24 PM Meaning (Continued) Displays the menu for entering math operations. CHARS Displays special characters. To enter one, place the cursor on it and press . To remain in the CHARS menu and enter another special character, press . Deletes the highlighted expression or the current character in the edit line. CLEAR Deletes all expressions in the list or clears the edit line.
HP 39gs English.book Plot view settings Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The plot view settings are: Field Meaning XRNG, YRNG Specifies the minimum and maximum horizontal (X) and vertical (Y) values for the plotting window. RES For function plots: Resolution; “Faster” plots in alternate pixel columns; “Detail” plots in every pixel column. TRNG Parametric aplet: Specifies the tvalues (T) for the graph. θRNG Polar aplet: Specifies the angle (θ) value range for the graph.
HP 39gs English.book Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Reset plot settings 11:24 PM Field Meaning (Continued) CONNECT Connect the plotted points. (The Sequence aplet always connects them.) LABELS Label the axes with XRNG and YRNG values. AXES Draw the axes. GRID Draw grid points using XTICK and YTICK spacing. To reset the default values for all plot settings, press CLEAR in the Plot Setup view. To reset the default value for a field, highlight the field, and press .
HP 39gs English.book Page 8 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Key 11:24 PM Meaning (Continued) Turns menu-key labels on and off. When the labels are off, pressing turns them back on. • • • Pressing once displays the full row of labels. Pressing a second time removes the row of labels to display only the graph. Pressing a third time displays the coordinate mode. Displays the ZOOM menu list. Turns trace mode on/off. A white box appears over the on .
HP 39gs English.book Page 9 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM To jump directly to a value To jump straight to a value rather than using the Trace function, use the menu key. Press , then enter a value. Press to jump to the value. To turn trace on/off If the menu labels are not displayed, press first. • • • . Zoom within a graph Turn off trace mode by pressing . Turn on trace mode by pressing . To turn the coordinate display off, press One of the menu key options is .
HP 39gs English.book Page 10 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Option Meaning (Continued) Y-Zoom In Divides vertical scale only, using Y-factor. Y-Zoom Out Multiplies vertical scale only, using Y-factor. Square Changes the vertical scale to match the horizontal scale. (Use this after doing a Box Zoom, X-Zoom, or Y-Zoom.) Set Factors... Sets the X-Zoom and Y-Zoom factors for zooming in or zooming out. Includes option to recenter the plot before zooming.
HP 39gs English.book Page 11 ZOOM examples Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Option Meaning (Continued) Un-zoom Returns the display to the previous zoom, or if there has been only one zoom, un-zoom displays the graph with the original plot settings. The following screens show the effects of zooming options on a plot of 3 sin x . Plot of 3 sin x Zoom In: In Un-zoom: Un-zoom Note: Press to move to the bottom of the Zoom list. Zoom Out: Out Now un-zoom. X-Zoom In: X-Zoom In Now un-zoom.
HP 39gs English.book Page 12 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Y-Zoom In: Y-Zoom In Now un-zoom. Y-Zoom Out: Y-Zoom Out Zoom Square: Square To box zoom The Box Zoom option lets you draw a box around the area you want to zoom in on by selecting the endpoints of one diagonal of the zoom rectangle. 1. If necessary, press labels. 2. Press to turn on the menu-key and select Box... 3. Position the cursor on one corner of the rectangle. Press . 4. Use the cursor keys ( , etc.
HP 39gs English.book Page 13 To set zoom factors Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 1. In the Plot view, press 2. Press . . 3. Select Set Factors... and press . 4. Enter the zoom factors. There is one zoom factor for the horizontal scale (XZOOM) and one for the vertical scale (YZOOM). Zooming out multiplies the scale by the factor, so that a greater scale distance appears on the screen. Zooming in divides the scale by the factor, so that a shorter scale distance appears on the screen.
HP 39gs English.book Page 14 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Option Meaning (Continued) Auto Scale Rescales the vertical axis so that the display shows a representative piece of the plot, for the supplied x axis settings. (For Sequence and Statistics aplets, autoscaling rescales both axes.) The autoscale process uses the first selected function only to determine the best scale to use. Split the screen Decimal Rescales both axes so each pixel = 0.1 unit. Resets default values for XRNG (–6.
HP 39gs English.book Page 15 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM – moves the leftmost cursor to the screen’s left edge and moves the rightmost cursor to the screen’s right edge. – The plot. menu key copies the right plot to the left 3. To un-split the screen, press over the whole screen. . The left side takes The Plot-Table view gives you two simultaneous views of the plot. 1. Press . Select Plot-Table and press .
HP 39gs English.book Page 16 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM About the numeric view After entering and selecting (check marking) the expression or expressions that you want to explore in the Symbolic view, press to view a table of data values for the independent variable (X, T, θ, or N) and dependent variables. Setting up the table (Numeric view setup) Press NUM to define any of the table settings. Use the Numeric Setup input form to configure the table. 1. Highlight the field to edit.
HP 39gs English.book Page 17 Numeric view settings Reset numeric settings Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The following table details the fields on the Numeric Setup input form. Field Meaning NUMSTART The independent variable’s starting value. NUMSTEP The size of the increment from one independent variable value to the next. NUMTYPE Type of numeric table: Automatic or Build Your Own. To build your own table, you must type each independent value into the table yourself.
HP 39gs English.book Page 18 ZOOM options Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The following table lists the zoom options: Option Meaning In Decreases the intervals for the independent variable so a narrower range is shown. Uses the NUMZOOM factor in Numeric Setup. Out Increases the intervals for the independent variable so that a wider range is shown. Uses the NUMZOOM factor in Numeric Setup. Decimal Changes intervals for the independent variable to 0.1 units. Starts at zero.
HP 39gs English.book Page 19 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Building your own table of numbers The default NUMTYPE is “Automatic”, which fills the table with data for regular intervals of the independent (X, T, θ, or N) variable. With the NUMTYPE option set to “Build Your Own”, you fill the table yourself by typing in the independent-variable values you want. The dependent values are then calculated and displayed. Build a table 1.
HP 39gs English.book Page 20 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM “Build Your Own” menu keys Key Meaning Puts the highlighted independent value (X, T, θ, or N) into the edit line. Pressing replaces this variable with its current value. Inserts a zero value at the position of the highlight. Replace a zero by typing the number you want and pressing . Sorts the independent variable values into ascending or descending order. Press and select the ascending or descending option from the menu, and press .
HP 39gs English.book Page 21 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 1. In the Function aplet, specify the functions. Select Function 9 9 2. Reset the graph setup to the default settings. SETUP-PLOT CLEAR 3. Plot the two functions and hide the menu so that you can see all the circle. 4. Reset the numeric setup to the default settings. SETUP-NUM CLEAR 5. Display the functions in numeric form.
HP 39gs English.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 3 Function aplet About the Function aplet The Function aplet enables you to explore up to 10 real-valued, rectangular functions y in terms of x. For example y = 2x + 3 . Once you have defined a function you can: • create graphs to find roots, intercepts, slope, signed area, and extrema • create tables to evaluate functions at particular values.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Define the expressions Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 2. There are 10 function definition fields on the Function aplet’s Symbolic view screen. They are labeled F1(X) to F0(X). Highlight the function definition field you want to use, and enter an expression. (You can press to delete an existing line, or CLEAR to clear all lines.) 1 3 2 Set up the plot You can change the scales of the x and y axes, graph resolution, and the spacing of the axis ticks. 3.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Change the scale Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 6. You can change the scale to see more or less of your graphs. In this example, choose Auto Scale. (See “VIEWS menu options” on page 2-13 for a description of Auto Scale). Select Auto Scale Trace a graph 7. Trace the linear function. 6 times Note: By default, the tracer is active. 8. Jump from the linear function to the quadratic function.
HP 39gs English.book Page 4 Analyse graph with FCN functions Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 9. Display the Plot view menu. From the Plot view menu, you can use the functions on the FCN menu to find roots, intersections, slopes, and areas for a function defined in the Function aplet (and any Function-based aplets). The FCN functions act on the currently selected graph. See “FCN functions” on page 3-10 for further information. To find a root of the quadratic function 10.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 12.Choose the linear function whose intersection with the quadratic function you wish to find. The coordinates of the intersection point are displayed at the bottom of the screen. Note: If there is more than one intersection (as in our example), the coordinates of the intersection point closest to the current cursor position are displayed. To find the slope of the quadratic function 13.
HP 39gs English.book Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 15.Move the cursor to x = –2 by pressing the key. or 16.Press to accept using F2(x) = (x + 3) 2 – 2 as the other boundary for the integral. 17. Choose the end value for x. 1 The cursor jumps to x = –1 on the linear function. 18.Display the numerical value of the integral. Note: See “Shading area” on page 3-11 for another method of calculating area. To find the extremum of the quadratic 19.
HP 39gs English.book Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 HINT 11:24 PM The Root and Extremum functions return one value only even if the function has more than one root or extremum. The function finds the value closest to the position of the cursor. You need to re-locate the cursor to find other roots or extrema that may exist. Display the numeric view 20.Display the numeric view. Set up the table 21.Display the numeric setup.
HP 39gs English.book Page 8 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM To navigate around a table 24.Move to X = –5.9. To go directly to a value 25. Move directly to X = 10. To access the zoom options 26. Zoom in on X = 10 by a factor of 4. Note: NUMZOOM has a setting of 4. 6 times 10 In To change font size 27. Display table numbers in large font. To display the symbolic definition of a column 28.Display the symbolic definition for the F1 column.
HP 39gs English.book Page 9 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Function aplet interactive analysis From the Plot view ( ), you can use the functions on the FCN menu to find roots, intersections, slopes, and areas for a function defined in the Function aplet (and any Function-based aplets). See “FCN functions” on page 310. The FCN operations act on the currently selected graph.
HP 39gs English.book FCN functions 3-10 Page 10 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The FCN functions are: Function Description Root Select Root to find the root of the current function nearest the cursor. If no root is found, but only an extremum, then the result is labeled EXTR: instead of ROOT:. (The root-finder is also used in the Solve aplet. See also “Interpreting results” on page 7-6.
HP 39gs English.book Page 11 Shading area Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Function Description (Continued) Intersection Select Intersection to find the intersection of two graphs nearest the cursor. (You need to have at least two selected expressions in Symbolic view.) Displays the coordinate values and moves the cursor to the intersection. (Uses Solve function.) The resulting xvalue is saved in a variable named ISECT. You can shade a selected area between functions.
HP 39gs English.book Page 12 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Plotting a piecewise-defined function Suppose you wanted to plot the following piecewisedefined function. ⎧ x + 2 ;x ≤ – 1 ⎪ f( x ) = ⎨ x2 ;– 1 < x ≤ 1 ⎪ 4 – x ;x ≥ 1 ⎩ 1. Open the Function aplet. Select Function 2. Highlight the line you want to use, and enter the expression. (You can press line, or CLEAR to delete an existing to clear all lines.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 4 Parametric aplet About the Parametric aplet The Parametric aplet allows you to explore parametric equations. These are equations in which both x and y are defined as functions of t. They take the forms x = f ( t ) and y = g ( t ) . Getting started with the Parametric aplet The following example uses the parametric equations x ( t ) = 3 sin t y ( t ) = 3 cos t Note: This example will produce a circle.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Set angle measure Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 3. Set the angle measure to degrees. MODES Select Degrees Set up the plot 4. Display the graphing options. PLOT The Plot Setup input form has two fields not included in the Function aplet, TRNG and TSTEP. TRNG specifies the range of t values. TSTEP specifies the step value between t values. 5. Set the TRNG and TSTEP so that t steps from 0° to 360° in 5° steps. 360 5 Plot the expression 6. Plot the expression. 7.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Overlay plot Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 8. Plot a triangle graph over the existing circle graph. PLOT 120 Select Overlay Plot A triangle is displayed rather than a circle (without changing the equation) because the changed value of TSTEP ensures that points being plotted are 120° apart instead of nearly continuous. You are able to explore the graph using trace, zoom, split screen, and scaling functionality available in the Function aplet.
HP 39gs English.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 5 Polar aplet Getting started with the Polar aplet Open the Polar aplet 1. Open the Polar aplet. Select Polar Like the Function aplet, the Polar aplet opens in the Symbolic view. Define the expression 2 2. Define the polar equation r = 2π cos ( θ ⁄ 2 ) cos ( θ ) . π 2 2 Specify plot settings 3. Specify the plot settings. In this example, we will use the default settings, except for the θRNG fields.
HP 39gs English.book Explore the graph Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 5. Display the Plot view menu key labels. The Plot view options available are the same as those found in the Function aplet. See “Exploring the graph” on page 2-7 for further information. Display the numbers 6. Display the table of values for θ and R1. The Numeric view options available are the same as those found in the Function aplet. See “Exploring the table of numbers” on page 2-17 for further information.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 6 Sequence aplet About the Sequence aplet The Sequence aplet allows you to explore sequences. You can define a sequence named, for example, U1: • in terms of n • in terms of U1(n–1) • in terms of U1(n–2) • in terms of another sequence, for example, U2(n) • in any combination of the above. The Sequence aplet allows you to create two types of graphs: – A Stairsteps graph plots n on the horizontal axis and Un on the vertical axis.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Open the Sequence aplet Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 1. Open the Sequence aplet. Select Sequence The Sequence aplet starts in the Symbolic view. Define the expression 2. Define the Fibonacci sequence, in which each term (after the first two) is the sum of the preceding two terms: U 1 = 1 , U 2 = 1 , U n = U n – 1 + U n – 2 for n > 3 . In the Symbolic view of the Sequence aplet, highlight the U1(1) field and begin defining your sequence.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Plot the sequence 11:24 PM 4. Plot the Fibonacci sequence. 5. In Plot Setup, set the SEQPLOT option to Cobweb. SETUP-PLOT Select Cobweb Display the table Sequence aplet 6. Display the table of values for this example.
HP 39gs English.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 7 Solve aplet About the Solve aplet The Solve aplet solves an equation or an expression for its unknown variable. You define an equation or expression in the symbolic view, then supply values for all the variables except one in the numeric view. Solve works only with real numbers. Note the differences between an equation and an expression: • An equation contains an equals sign.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Getting started with the Solve aplet Suppose you want to find the acceleration needed to increase the speed of a car from 16.67 m/sec (60 kph) to 27.78 m/sec (100 kph) in a distance of 100 m. The equation to solve is: 2 2 V = U + 2AD Open the Solve aplet 1. Open the Solve aplet. Select Solve The Solve aplet starts in the symbolic view. Define the equation 2. Define the equation. V U 2 A D Note: You can use the entry of equations.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 4. Enter the values for the known variables. 27 78 16 67 100 HINT Solve the unknown variable If the Decimal Mark setting in the Modes input form ( MODES) is set to Comma, use instead of . 5. Solve for the unknown variable (A). Therefore, the acceleration needed to increase the speed of a car from 16.67 m/sec (60 kph) to 27.78 m/sec (100 kph) in a distance of 100 m is approximately 2.47 m/s2.
HP 39gs English.book Page 4 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 6. Plot the equation for variable A. Select Auto Scale 7. Trace along the graph representing the left side of the equation until the cursor nears the intersection. 20 times Note the value of A displayed near the bottom left corner of the screen. The Plot view provides a convenient way to find an approximation to a solution instead of using the Numeric view Solve option. See “Plotting to find guesses” on page 7-7 for more information.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Key 11:24 PM Meaning (Continued) Clears highlighted variable to zero or deletes current character in edit line, if edit line is active. CLEAR Resets all variable values to zero or clears the edit line, if cursor is in edit line. Use an initial guess You can usually obtain a faster and more accurate solution if you supply an estimated value for the unknown variable before pressing . Solve starts looking for a solution at the initial guess.
HP 39gs English.book Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Interpreting results After Solve has returned a solution, press in the Numeric view for more information. You will see one of the following three messages. Press to clear the message. Message Condition Zero The Solve aplet found a point where both sides of the equation were equal, or where the expression was zero (a root), within the calculator's 12-digit accuracy.
HP 39gs English.book Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM If Solve could not find a solution, you will see one of the following two messages. HINT The Root-Finder at work Message Condition Bad Guess(es) The initial guess lies outside the domain of the equation. Therefore, the solution was not a real number or it caused an error. Constant? The value of the equation is the same at every point sampled. It is important to check the information relating to the solve process.
HP 39gs English.book Page 8 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM where X is distance, V0 is initial velocity, T is time, and A is acceleration. This is actually two equations, Y = X and Y = V0 T + (AT 2) / 2. Since this equation is quadratic for T, there can be both a positive and a negative solution. However, we are concerned only with positive solutions, since only positive distance makes sense. 1. Select the Solve aplet and enter the equation. Select Solve X V T A T 2 2.
HP 39gs English.book Page 9 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 5. Move the cursor near the positive (right-side) intersection. This cursor value will be an initial guess for T. Press until the cursor is at the intersection. The two points of intersection show that there are two solutions for this equation. However, only positive values for X make sense, so we want to find the solution for the intersection on the right side of the y-axis. 6. Return to the Numeric view.
HP 39gs English.book Page 10 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Using variables in equations You can use any of the real variable names, A to Z and θ. Do not use variable names defined for other types, such as M1 (a matrix variable). Home variables All home variables (other than those for aplet settings, like Xmin and Ytick) are global, which means they are shared throughout the different aplets of the calculator.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 8 Linear Solver aplet About the Linear Solver aplet The Linear Solver aplet allows you to solve a set of Linear Equations. The set can contain two or three linear equations. In a two-equation set, each equation must be in the form ax + by = k . In a three-equation set, each equation must be in the form ax + by + cz = k .
HP 39gs English.book Choose the equation set Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 2. If the last time you used the Linear Solver aplet you solved for two equations, the twoequation input form is displayed (as in the example in the previous step). To solve a three-equation set, press . Now the input form displays three equations. If the three-equation input form is displayed and you want to solve a two-equation set, press .
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM soon as the first co-efficient of the last equation was entered. As you enter each of the remaining known values, the solution changes. The example at the right shows the final solution once all the co-efficients and constants are entered for the set of equations we set out to solve.
HP 39gs English.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 9 Triangle Solve aplet About the Triangle Solver aplet The Triangle Solver aplet allows you to determine the length of a side of a triangle, or the angle at the vertex of a triangle, from information you supply about the other lengths and/or other angles. You need to specify at least three of the six possible values—the lengths of the three sides and the size of the three angles—before the solver can calculate the other values.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Open the Triangle Solver aplet Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 1. Open the Triangle Solver aplet. Select Triangle Solver The Triangle Solver aplet opens. Note: if you have already used the Triangle Solver, the entries and results from the previous use will still be displayed. To start the Triangle Solver afresh, clear the previous entries and results by pressing CLEAR. Choose the triangle type 2.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM lengths as B and C, we would need to specify the angle as α. The illustration on the display will help you determine where to enter the known values. Note: if you need to change the angle measure mode, press MODES, change the mode, and then press to return to the aplet. 4. Press . The solver calculates the values of the unknown variables and displays.
HP 39gs English.book Page 4 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Not enough data If you are using the general input form, you need to specify at least three values for the Triangle Solver to be able to calculate the remaining attributes of the triangle. If you specify less than three, Not enough data appears on the screen. If you are using the simplified input form (for a rightangled triangle), you must specify at least two values. In addition, you cannot specify only angles and no lengths.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 10 Statistics aplet About the Statistics aplet The Statistics aplet can store up to ten data sets at one time. It can perform one-variable or two-variable statistical analysis of one or more sets of data. The Statistics aplet starts with the Numeric view which is used to enter data. The Symbolic view is used to specify which columns contain data and which column contains frequencies.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Open the Statistics aplet Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 1. Open the Statistics aplet and clear existing data by pressing . Select Statistics The Statistics aplet starts in the Numerical view. 1VAR/2VAR menu key label At any time the Statistics aplet is configured for only one of two types of statistical explorations: onevariable ( ) or two-variable ( ). The 5th menu key label in the Numeric view toggles between these two options and shows the current option. 2.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Choose fit and data columns 11:24 PM 4. Select a fit in the Symbolic setup view. SETUP-SYMB Select Linear You can create up to five explorations of two-variable data, named S1 to S5. In this example, we will create just one: S1. 5. Specify the columns that hold the data you want to analyze. You could have entered your data into columns other than C1 and C2. Explore statistics 6.
HP 39gs English.book Page 4 Setup plot Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 8. Change the plotting range to ensure all the data points are plotted (and select a different point mark, if you wish). SETUP-PLOT 7 100 4000 Plot the graph 9. Plot the graph. Draw the regression curve 10.Draw the regression curve (a curve to fit the data points). This draws the regression line for the best linear fit. Display the equation for best linear fit 11.Return to the Symbolic view. 12.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 Predict values Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 13.To find the predicted sales figure if advertising were to go up to 6 minutes: S (to highlight Stat-Two) (to highlight PREDY) 6 14.Return to the Plot view. 15.Jump to the indicated point on the regression line. 6 Observe the predicted y-value in the left bottom corner of the screen.
HP 39gs English.book Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Entering and editing statistical data The Numeric view ( ) is used to enter data into the Statistics aplet. Each column represents a variable named C0 to C9. After entering the data, you must define the data set in the Symbolic view ( ). HINT A data column must have at least four data points to provide valid two-variable statistics, or two data points for one-variable statistics.
HP 39gs English.book Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Key 11:24 PM Meaning (Continued) Deletes the currently highlighted value. CLEAR cursor key Example Clears the current column or all columns of data. Pregss CLEAR to display a menu list, then select the current column or all columns option, and press . Moves to the first or last row, or first or last column. You are measuring the height of students in a classroom to find the mean height.
HP 39gs English.book Page 8 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Note that the title of the column of statistics is H1. There are 5 data set definitions available for one-variable statistics: H1–H5. If data is entered in C1, H1 is automatically set to use C1 for data, and the frequency of each data point is set to 1. You can select other columns of data from the Statistics Symbolic setup view. 4. Press to close the statistics window and press key to see the data set definitions.
HP 39gs English.book Page 9 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Key 11:24 PM Meaning (Continued) Displays the menu for entering variable names or contents of variables. Displays the menu for entering math operations. Deletes the highlighted variable or the current character in the edit line. CLEAR Resets default specifications for the data sets or clears the edit line (if it was active). CLEAR is used the Note: If data sets will need to be selected again before re-use.
HP 39gs English.book Page 10 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 6. Return to the numeric view. 7. Enter the frequency data shown in the above table. 5 3 8 2 1 8. Display the computed statistics. The mean height is approximately 167.63cm. 9. Setup a histogram plot for the data. SETUP-PLOT Enter set up information appropriate to your data. 10.Plot a histogram of the data. Save data The data that you enter is automatically saved.
HP 39gs English.book Page 11 Delete data Wednesday, December 7, 2005 • 11:24 PM To delete a single data item, highlight it and press . The values below the deleted cell will scroll up one row. • To delete a column of data, highlight an entry in that column and press name. • CLEAR. Select the column To delete all columns of data, press Select All columns. CLEAR. Insert data Highlight the entry following the point of insertion. Press , then enter a number.
HP 39gs English.book Page 12 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Defining a regression model The Symbolic view includes an expression (Fit1 through Fit5) that defines the regression model, or “fit”, to use for the regression analysis of each two-variable data set. There are three ways to select a regression model: • Accept the default option to fit the data to a straight line. • Select one of the available fit options in Symbolic Setup view.
HP 39gs English.book Page 13 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Fit model Meaning (Continued) Quadratic Fits to a quadratic curve, y = ax2+bx+c. Needs at least three points. Cubic Fits to a cubic curve, y = ax3+bx2+cx+d. Needs at least four points. Logistic Fits to a logistic curve, L -, y = ------------------------( – bx ) 1 + ae where L is the saturation value for growth. You can store a positive real value in L, or—if L=0—let L be computed automatically.
HP 39gs English.book Page 14 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Computed statistics One-variable Statistic Definition NΣ Number of data points. TOTΣ Sum of data values (with their frequencies). MEANΣ Mean value of data set. PVARΣ Population variance of data set. SVARΣ Sample variance of data set. PSDEV Population standard deviation of data set. SSDEV Sample standard deviation of data set. MINΣ Minimum data value in data set. Q1 First quartile: median of values to left of median.
HP 39gs English.book Page 15 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Two-variable Plotting Statistic Definition MEANX Mean of x- (independent) values. ΣX Sum of x-values. ΣX2 Sum of x2-values. MEANY Mean of y- (dependent) values. ΣY Sum of y-values. ΣY2 Sum of y2-values. ΣXY Sum of each xy. SCOV Sample covariance of independent and dependent data columns.
HP 39gs English.book To plot statistical data Page 16 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 1. In Symbolic view ( sets you want to plot. 11:24 PM ), select ( ) the data 2. For one-variable data ( ), select the plot type in SETUP-PLOT). Highlight STATPLOT, Plot Setup ( press , select either Histogram or BoxWhisker, and press . 3. For any plot, but especially for a histogram, adjust the plotting scale and range in the Plot Setup view.
HP 39gs English.book Page 17 Scatter Plot Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Two-variable statistics. The numbers below the plot indicate that the cursor is at the first data point for S2, at (1, 6). Press to move to the next data point and display information about it. To connect the data points as they are plotted, checkmark CONNECT in the second page of the Plot Setup. This is not a regression curve. Fitting a curve to 2VAR data In the Plot view, press .
HP 39gs English.book Page 18 Relative Error Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The relative error is a measure of the error between predicted values and actual values based on the specified Fit. A smaller number means a better fit. The relative error is stored in a variable named RELERR. The relative error provides a measure of fit accuracy for all fits, and it does depend on the Fit model you have chosen.
HP 39gs English.book Page 19 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM For instance, the data set (1,1), (3,9), (4,16), (2,4) would be plotted and traced in the order (1,1), (2,4), (3,9), (4,16). Trouble-shooting a plot If you have problems plotting, check that you have the following: • The correct view). • The correct fit (regression model), if the data set is two-variable. • Only the data sets to compute or plot are checkmarked (Symbolic view). • The correct plotting range.
HP 39gs English.book Page 20 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Key 11:24 PM Meaning (Continued) Displays ZOOM menu. Turns trace mode on/off. The white box appears next to the option when Trace mode is active. Turns fit mode on or off. Turning on draws a curve to fit the data points according to the current regression model. (2var statistics only) Enables you to specify a value on the line of best fit to jump to or a data point number to jump to. Displays the equation of the regression curve.
HP 39gs English.book Page 21 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 • 11:24 PM Enter PREDY(x-value) to find the predicted value of the dependent variable given a hypothetical independent variable. You can type PREDX and PREDY into the edit line, or you can copy these function names from the MATH menu under the Stat-Two category. HINT Statistics aplet In cases where more than one fit curve is displayed, the PREDY function uses the most recently calculated curve.
HP 39gs English.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 11 Inference aplet About the Inference aplet The Inference capabilities include calculation of confidence intervals and hypothesis tests based on the Normal Z-distribution or Student’s t-distribution.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Inference aplet’s SYMB view keys The table below summarizes the options available in Symbolic view.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Select the inferential method Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 2. Select the Hypothesis Test inferential method. Select HYPOTH TEST 3. Define the type of test. Z–Test: 1 μ 4. Select an alternative hypothesis. μ< μ0 Enter data 5. Enter the sample statistics and population parameters. setup-NUM The table below lists the fields in this view for our current Z-Test: 1 μ example.
HP 39gs English.book Page 4 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM By default, each field already contains a value. These values constitute the example database and are explained in the feature of this aplet. Display on-line help 6. To display the on-line help, press 7. To close the on-line help, press . Display test results in numeric format 8. Display the test results in numeric format.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM A calculator produces the following 6 random numbers: 0.529, 0.295, 0.952, 0.259, 0.925, and 0.592 Open the Statistics aplet 1. Open the Statistics aplet and reset the current settings. Select Statistics The Statistics aplet opens in the Numeric view. Enter data 2. In the C1 column, enter the random numbers produced by the calculator.
HP 39gs English.book Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Open Inference aplet 6. Open the Inference aplet and clear current settings. Select inference method and type 7. Select an inference method. Select Inference Select CONF INTERVAL 8. Select a distribution statistic type. Select T-Int: 1 μ Set up the interval calculation 9. Set up the interval calculation. Note: The default values are derived from sample data from the on-line help example.
HP 39gs English.book Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Import the data 11:24 PM 10.Import the data from the Statistics aplet. Note: The data from C1 is displayed by default. Note: Press to see the statistics before importing them into the Numeric Setup view. Also, if there is more than one aplet based on the Statistics aplet, you are prompted to choose one. 11.Specify a 90% confidence interval in the C: field. to move to the C: field 0.9 Display Numeric view 12.
HP 39gs English.book Page 8 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Hypothesis tests You use hypothesis tests to test the validity of hypotheses that relate to the statistical parameters of one or two populations. The tests are based on statistics of samples of the populations. The HP 39gs hypothesis tests use the Normal Z-distribution or Student’s t-distribution to calculate probabilities.
HP 39gs English.book Results Page 9 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The results are: Result Description Test Z Z-test statistic. Prob Probability associated with the Z-Test statistic. Critical Z Boundary values of Z associated with the α level that you supplied. Critical x Boundary values of x required by the α value that you supplied.
HP 39gs English.book Results Page 10 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Field name Definition (Continued) σ2 Population 2 standard deviation. α Significance level. The results are: Result Description Test Z Z-Test statistic. Prob Probability associated with the Z-Test statistic. Critical Z Boundary value of Z associated with the α level that you supplied.
HP 39gs English.book Inputs Results Page 11 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The inputs are: Field name Definition x Number of successes in the sample. n Sample size. π0 Population proportion of successes. α Significance level. The results are: Result Description Test P Proportion of successes in the sample. Test Z Z-Test statistic. Prob Probability associated with the Z-Test statistic. Critical Z Boundary value of Z associated with the level you supplied.
HP 39gs English.book Inputs Results Page 12 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The inputs are: Field name Definition X1 Sample 1 mean. X2 Sample 2 mean. n1 Sample 1 size. n2 Sample 2 size. α Significance level. The results are: Result Description Test π1–π2 Difference between the proportions of successes in the two samples. Test Z Z-Test statistic. Prob Probability associated with the Z-Test statistic.
HP 39gs English.book Inputs Results Inference aplet Page 13 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The inputs are: Field name Definition x Sample mean. Sx Sample standard deviation. n Sample size. μ0 Hypothetical population mean. α Significance level. The results are: Result Description Test T T-Test statistic. Prob Probability associated with the T-Test statistic. Critical T Boundary value of T associated with the α level that you supplied.
HP 39gs English.book Page 14 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Two-Sample T-Test Menu name T-Test: μ1 – μ2 The Two-sample T-Test is used when the population standard deviation is not known. On the basis of statistics from two samples, each sample from a different population, this test measures the strength of the evidence for a selected hypothesis against the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis is that the two populations means are equal H 0: μ1 = μ2.
HP 39gs English.book Results Page 15 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The results are: Result Description Test T T-Test statistic. Prob Probability associated with the T-Test statistic. Critical T Boundary values of T associated with the α level that you supplied. Confidence intervals The confidence interval calculations that the HP 39gs can perform are based on the Normal Z-distribution or Student’s t-distribution.
HP 39gs English.book Results Page 16 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The results are: Result Description Critical Z Critical value for Z. μ min Lower bound for μ. μ max Upper bound for μ. Two-Sample Z-Interval Menu name Z-INT: μ1– μ2 This option uses the Normal Z-distribution to calculate a confidence interval for the difference between the means of two populations, μ1– μ2, when the population standard deviations, σ1 and σ2, are known.
HP 39gs English.book Page 17 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM One-Proportion Z-Interval Menu name Z-INT: 1 π This option uses the Normal Z-distribution to calculate a confidence interval for the proportion of successes in a population for the case in which a sample of size, n, has a number of successes, x. Inputs Results The inputs are: Field name Definition x Sample success count. n Sample size. C Confidence level. The results are: Result Description Critical Z Critical value for Z.
HP 39gs English.book Results Page 18 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Field name Definition (Continued) n1 Sample 1 size. n2 Sample 2 size. C Confidence level. The results are: Result Description Critical Z Critical value for Z. Δ π Min Lower bound for the difference between the proportions of successes. Δ π Max Upper bound for the difference between the proportions of successes.
HP 39gs English.book Results Page 19 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The results are: Result Description Critical T Critical value for T. μ Min Lower bound for μ. μ Max Upper bound for μ. Two-Sample T-Interval Menu name T-INT: μ1 – μ2 This option uses the Student’s t-distribution to calculate a confidence interval for the difference between the means of two populations, μ1 – μ2, when the population standard deviations, s1and s2, are unknown.
HP 39gs English.book Results 11-20 Page 20 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The results are: Result Description Critical T Critical value for T. Δ μ Min Lower bound for μ1 – μ2. Δ μ Max Upper bound for μ1 – μ2.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 12 Using the Finance Solver The Finance Solver, or Finance aplet, is available by using the APLET key in your calculator. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the Finance aplet. Your screen should look as follows: Press the key or the soft menu key to activate the aplet. The resulting screen shows the different elements involved in the solution of financial problems with your HP 39gs calculator.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM combined amount earns interest at a certain rate. Financial calculations involving compound interest include savings accounts, mortgages, pension funds, leases, and annuities. Time Value of Money (TVM) calculations, as the name implies, make use of the notion that a dollar today will be worth more than a dollar sometime in the future.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM flow diagram shows lease payments at the beginning of each period. PV Capitalized value of lease } 1 PMT 2 PMT 4 3 PMT PMT 5 PMT FV The following cash flow diagram shows deposits into an account at the end of each period. FV 1 2 PMT 4 3 PMT PMT 5 PMT PMT PV As these cash-flow diagrams imply, there are five TVM variables: N The total number of compounding periods or payments.
HP 39gs English.book Page 4 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM PMT The periodic payment amount. The payments are the same amount each period and the TVM calculation assumes that no payments are skipped. Payments can occur at the beginning or the end of each compounding period -- an option you control by setting the Payment mode to Beg or End. FV The future value of the transaction: the amount of the final cash flow or the compounded value of the series of previous cash flows.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Example 1 - Loan calculations Suppose you finance the purchase of a car with a 5-year loan at 5.5% annual interest, compounded monthly. The purchase price of the car is $19,500, and the down payment is $3,000. What are the required monthly payments? What is the largest loan you can afford if your maximum monthly payment is $300? Assume that the payments start at the end of the first period. Solution.
HP 39gs English.book Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Example 2 - Mortgage with balloon payment Suppose you have taken out a 30-year, $150,000 house mortgage at 6.5% annual interest. You expect to sell the house in 10 years, repaying the loan in a balloon payment. Find the size of the balloon payment, the value of the mortgage after 10 years of payment. Solution. The following cash flow diagram illustrates the case of the mortgage with balloon payment: PV = $150,000 1 l%YR = 6.
HP 39gs English.book Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Calculating Amortizations Amortization calculations, which also use the TVM variables, determine the amounts applied towards principal and interest in a payment or series of payments. To calculate amortizations: 1. Start the Finance Solver as indicated at the beginning of this section. 2. Set the following TVM variables: a Number of payments per year (P/YR) b Payment at beginning or end of periods 3.
HP 39gs English.book Page 8 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 3. Press the soft menu key to amortize the new batch of payments. Repeat steps 1 through 3 as often as needed. Example 4 - Amortization for home mortgage For the results of Example 3, show the amortization of the next 10 years of the mortgage loan. First, press the soft menu key. Then, keeping 120 in the PAYMENTS field, press the soft menu key to produce the results shown below.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 13 Using mathematical functions Math functions The HP 39gs contains many math functions. The functions are grouped in categories. For example, the Matrix category contains functions for manipulating matrices. The Probability category (shown as Prob. on the MATH menu) contains functions for working with probability.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 2. The list of functions (on the right) applies to the currently highlighted category (on the left). Use and to switch between the category list and the function list. 3. Highlight the name of the function you want and press . This copies the function name (and an initial parenthesis, if appropriate) to the edit line.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM ! For a description, see “COMB(5,2) returns 10. That is, there are ten different ways that five things can be combined two at a time.!” on page 13-12. ∑ For a description, see “Σ” on page 13-11. EEX ∫ x For a description, see “Scientific notation (powers of 10)” on page 1-20. For a description, see “ ∫ ” on page 11-7.
HP 39gs English.book 10x Page 4 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Exponential (antilogarithm). Also accepts complex numbers. 10^value Example 10^3 returns 1000 Common logarithm. Also accepts complex numbers. LOG(value) Example LOG(100) returns 2 , , Sine, cosine, tangent. Inputs and outputs depend on the current angle format (Degrees, Radians, or Grads). SIN(value) COS(value) TAN(value) Example TAN(45) returns 1 (Degrees mode). ASIN Arc sine: sin–1x.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 ATAN 11:24 PM Arc tangent: tan–1x. Output range is from –90° to 90°, 2π/2 to π/2, or –100 to 100 grads. Inputs and outputs depend on the current angle format. Also accepts complex numbers. ATAN(value) Example ATAN(1) returns 45 (Degrees mode). Square. Also accepts complex numbers. value2 Example 182 returns 324 Square root. Also accepts complex numbers. value Example 324 returns 18 Negation. Also accepts complex numbers.
HP 39gs English.book n Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Takes the nth root of x. root NTHROOT value Example 3 NTHROOT 8 returns 2 Calculus functions The symbols for differentiation and integration are available directly form the keyboard— and S respectively—as well as from the MATH menu. ∂ Differentiates expression with respect to the variable of differentiation. From the command line, use a formal name (S1, etc.) for a non-numeric result. See “Finding derivatives” on page 13-21.
HP 39gs English.book Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 TAYLOR 11:24 PM Calculates the nth order Taylor polynomial of expression at the point where the given variable = 0. TAYLOR (expression, variable, n) Example TAYLOR(1 + sin(s1)2,s1,5)with Radians angle measure and Fraction number format (set in MODES) returns 1+s1^2-1/3*s1^4. Complex number functions These functions are for complex numbers only.
HP 39gs English.book Page 8 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Constants The constants available from the MATH FUNCTIONS menu are mathematical constants. These are described in this section. The hp 39gs has two other menus of constants: program constants and physical constants. These are described in “Program constants and physical constants” on page 13-24. e Natural logarithm base. Internally represented as 2.71828182846. e i Imaginary value for – 1 , the complex number (0,1).
HP 39gs English.book Page 9 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM →IN Convert from centimeters to inches. →L Convert from US gallons to liters. →LGAL Convert from liters to US gallons. →KG Convert from pounds to kilograms. →LBS Convert from kilograms to pounds. →KM Convert from miles to kilometers. →MILE Convert from kilometers to miles. →DEG Convert from radians to degrees. →RAD Convert from degrees to radians.
HP 39gs English.book Page 10 EXP Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM x Natural exponential. This is more accurate than e due to limitations of the power function. EXP(value) EXPM1 x Exponent minus 1 : e – 1 . This is more accurate than EXP when x is close to zero. EXPM1(value) LNP1 Natural log plus 1 : ln(x+1). This is more accurate than the natural logarithm function when x is close to zero. LNP1(value) List functions These functions work on list data. See “List functions” on page 16-6.
HP 39gs English.book Page 11 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Σ 11:24 PM Summation. Finds the sum of expression with respect to variable from initialvalue to finalvalue. Σ(variable=initialvalue, finalvalue, expression) Example Σ(C=1,5,C2) returns 55. Matrix functions These functions are for matrix data stored in matrix variables. See “Matrix functions and commands” on page 15-10. Polynomial functions Polynomials are products of constants (coefficients) and variables raised to powers (terms).
HP 39gs English.book Page 12 POLYROOT Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Polynomial roots. Returns the roots for the nth-order polynomial with the specified n+1 coefficients. POLYROOT([coefficients]) Example For x4+2x3–25x2–26x+120: POLYROOT([1,2,-25,-26,120]) returns [2,-3,4,-5]. HINT The results of POLYROOT will often not be easily seen in HOME due to the number of decimal places, especially if they are complex numbers. It is better to store the results of POLYROOT to a matrix.
HP 39gs English.book Page 13 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 RANDOM 11:24 PM Random number (between zero and 1). Produced by a pseudo-random number sequence. The algorithm used in the RANDOM function uses a seed number to begin its sequence. To ensure that two calculators must produce different results for the RANDOM function, use the RANDSEED function to seed different starting values before using RANDOM to produce the numbers.
HP 39gs English.book Page 14 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Examples CEILING(3.2) returns 4 CEILING(-3.2) returns -3 DEG→RAD Degrees to radians. Converts value from Degrees angle format to Radians angle format. DEG→RAD(value) Example DEG→RAD(180) returns 3.14159265359, the value of π. FLOOR Greatest integer less than or equal to value. FLOOR(value) Example FLOOR(-3.2) returns -4 FNROOT Function root-finder (like the Solve aplet).
HP 39gs English.book Page 15 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM with a decimal fraction) to H.MMSSs format (time or angle up to fractions of a second). →HMS(x.x) Example →HMS(8.5) returns 8.3 INT Integer part. INT(value) Example INT(23.2) returns 23 MANT Mantissa (significant digits) of value. MANT(value) Example MANT(21.2E34) returns 2.12 MAX Maximum. The greater of two values. MAX(value1, value2) Example MAX(210,25) returns 210 MIN Minimum. The lesser of two values.
HP 39gs English.book Page 16 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Example %CHANGE(20,50) returns 150 %TOTAL Percent total : (100)y/x. What percentage of x, is y. %TOTAL(x, y) Example %TOTAL(20,50) returns 250 RAD→DEG Radians to degrees. Converts value from radians to degrees. RAD→DEG (value) Example RAD→DEG(π) returns 180 ROUND Rounds value to decimal places. Accepts complex numbers. ROUND(value, places) Round can also round to a number of significant digits as showed in example 2.
HP 39gs English.book Page 17 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 XPON 11:24 PM Exponent of value. XPON(value) Example XPON(123.4) returns 2 Two-variable statistics These are functions for use with two-variable statistics. See “Two-variable” on page 10-15. Symbolic functions The symbolic functions are used for symbolic manipulations of expressions. The variables can be formal or numeric, but the result is usually in symbolic form (not a number).
HP 39gs English.book Page 18 QUAD Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Solves quadratic expression=0 for variable and returns a new expression, where variable=newexpression. The result is a general solution that represents both positive and negative solutions by including the formal variable S1 to represent any sign: + or – . QUAD(expression, variable) Example QUAD((X-1)2-7,X) returns (2+s1*5.29150262213)/2 QUOTE Encloses an expression that should not be evaluated numerically.
HP 39gs English.book Page 19 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 == 11:24 PM Equals (logical test). Returns 1 if true, 0 if false. value1==value2 ≠ Not equal to. Returns 1 if true, 0 if false. value1≠value2 > Greater than. Returns 1 if true, 0 if false. value1>value2 ≥ Greater than or equal to. Returns 1 if true, 0 if false. value1≥value2 AND Compares value1 and value2. Returns 1 if they are both non-zero, otherwise returns 0.
HP 39gs English.book ACSC Page 20 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Arc cosecant. ACSC(value) ASEC Arc secant. ASEC(value) COT Cotangent: cosx/sinx. COT(value) CSC Cosecant: 1/sinx CSC(value) SEC Secant: 1/cosx. SEC(value) Symbolic calculations The HP 39gs has the ability to perform symbolic calculations, for example, symbolic integration and differentiation. You can perform symbolic calculations in HOME and in the Function aplet.
HP 39gs English.book Page 21 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM (The | symbol is in the CHARS menu: press CHARS. The = sign is listed in the MATH menu under Symbolic functions.) Symbolic calculations in the Function aplet You can perform symbolic operations in the Function aplet’s Symbolic view. For example, to find the derivative of a function in the Function aplet’s Symbolic view, you define two functions and define the second function as a derivative of the first function.
HP 39gs English.book Page 22 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM S1 2. Evaluate the function. 3. Show the result. To find derivatives in the Function aplet’s Symbolic view To find the derivative of the function in the Function aplet’s Symbolic view, you define two functions and define the second function as a derivative of the first function. For 2 example, to differentiate sin ( x ) + 2 cos x : 1. Access the Function aplet’s Symbolic view and define F1. 2 2.
HP 39gs English.book Page 23 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 4. Press to display the result. Note: Use the arrow keys to view the entire function. | You could also just define 2 F1 ( x ) = dx ( sin ( x ) + 2 cos ( x ) ) . To find the indefinite integral using formal variables For example, to find the indefinite integral of ∫ 3x 2 – 5 dx use: ∫ (0 , S 1, 3 X 2 − 5, X ) 1. Enter the function. 0 S1 X 3 5 X 2. Show the result format. 3. Press to close the show window. 4.
HP 39gs English.book Page 24 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM This result is derived from substituting X=S1 and X=0 into the original expression found in step 1. However, substituting X=0 will not always evaluate to zero and may result in an unwanted constant. 5 4 (x – 2 ) To see this, consider: ∫ ( x – 2 ) dx = ------------------5 The ‘extra’ constant of 6.4 results from the substitution of x = 0 into (x – 2)5/5, and should be disregarded if an indefinite integral is required.
HP 39gs English.book Page 25 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM To access the menu of program constants: 1. Press 2. Press . . 3. Use the arrow keys to navigate through the options. 4. Click and then to display the number assigned to the option you selected in the previous step.
HP 39gs English.book Page 26 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Example Suppose you want to know the potential energy of a mass 2 of 5 units according to the equation E = mc . 1. Enter 5 2. Press and then press . 3. Select light s...from the Physics menu. 4. Press . The menu closes and the value of the selected constant is copied to the edit line. 5. Complete the equation as you would normally and press 13-26 to get the result.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 14 Variables and memory management Introduction The HP 39gs has approximately 200K of user memory. The calculator uses this memory to store variables, perform computations, and store history. A variable is an object that you create in memory to hold data. The hp 39gs has two types of variables, home variables and aplet variables. • Home variables are available in all aplets.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Storing and recalling variables You can store numbers or expressions from a previous input or result into variables. Numeric Precision A number stored in a variable is always stored as a 12digit mantissa with a 3-digit exponent. Numeric precision in the display, however, depends on the display mode (Standard, Fixed, Scientific, Engineering, or Fraction). A displayed number has only the precision that is displayed.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 5. Enter a name for the variable. A 6. Press to store the result. The results of a calculation can also be stored directly to a variable. For example: 2 5 3 B To recall a value To recall a variable’s value, type the name of the variable and press . A To use variables in calculations You can use variables in calculations.
HP 39gs English.book Page 4 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The VARS menu You use the VARS menu to access all variables in the calculator. The VARS menu is organised by category. For each variable category in the left column, there is a list of variables in the right column. You select a variable category and then select a variable in the category. 1. Open the VARS menu. 2. Use the arrow keys or press the alpha key of the first letter in the category to select a variable category.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 5. Choose whether to place the variable name or the variable value on the command line. – Press to indicate that you want the variable’s contents to appear on the command line. – Press to indicate that you want the variable’s name to appear on the command line. 6. Press to place the value or name on the command line. The selected object appears on the command line.
HP 39gs English.book Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 4. Enter data for L2. 55 90 5. Press 48 77 86 to access HOME. 6. Open the variable menu and select L1. 7. Copy it to the command line. Note: Because the option is highlighted, the variable’s name, rather than its contents, is copied to the command line. 8. Insert the + operator and select the L2 variable from the List variables. 9. Store the answer in the List catalog L3 variable.
HP 39gs English.book Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Home variables 11:24 PM It is not possible to store data of one type in a variable of another type. For example, you use the Matrix catalog to create matrices. You can create up to ten matrices, and you can store these in variables M0 to M9. You cannot store matrices in variables other than M0 to M9. Category Complex Available names Z0 to Z9 For example, (1,2) Z0 or 2+3i Z1.
HP 39gs English.book Page 8 Aplet variables To access an aplet variable Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Most aplet variables store values that are unique to a particular aplet. These include symbolic expressions and equations (see below), settings for the Plot and Numeric views, and the results of some calculations such as roots and intersections. See the Reference Information chapter for more information about aplet variables. Category Available names Function F0 to F9 (Symbolic view).
HP 39gs English.book Page 9 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 6. To copy the value of the variable into the edit line, press and press . Memory Manager You can use the Memory Manager to determine the amount of available memory on the calculator. You can also use Memory Manager to organize memory. For example, if the available memory is low, you can use the Memory Manager to determine which aplets or variables consume large amounts of memory. You can make deletions to free up memory. Example 1.
HP 39gs English.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 15 Matrices Introduction You can perform matrix calculations in HOME and in programs. The matrix and each row of a matrix appear in brackets, and the elements and rows are separated by commas. For example, the following matrix: 1 2 3 4 5 6 is displayed in the history as: [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]] (If the Decimal Mark mode is set to Comma, then separate each element and each row with a period.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Creating and storing matrices You can create, edit, delete, send, and receive matrices in the Matrix catalog. To open the Matrix catalog, press MATRIX. You can also create and store matrices—named or unnamed—-in HOME. For example, the command: POLYROOT([1,0,–1,0]) M1 stores the root of the complex vector of length 3 into the M1 variable.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 To create a matrix in the Matrix Catalog Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 1. Press MATRIX to open the Matrix Catalog. The Matrix catalog lists the 10 available matrix variables, M0 to M9. 2. Highlight the matrix variable name you want to use and press . 3. Select the type of matrix to create. – For a vector (one-dimensional array), select Real vector or Complex vector.
HP 39gs English.book Page 4 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM A matrix is listed with two dimensions, even if it is 3×1. A vector is listed with the number of elements, such as 3. To transmit a matrix You can send matrices between calculators just as you can send aplets, programs, lists, and notes. 1. Align the HP 39gs calculators’ infrared ports (or connect the calculators using an appropriate cable). 2. Open the Matrix catalogs on both calculators. 3. Highlight the matrix to send. 4.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 Key 11:24 PM Meaning (Continued) Deletes the highlighted cells, row, or column (you are prompted to make a choice). Clears all elements from the matrix. CLEAR Moves to the first row, last row, first column, or last column respectively. To display a matrix • • In the Matrix catalog ( matrix name and press MATRIX), highlight the . In HOME, enter the name of the matrix variable and press .
HP 39gs English.book To store one element Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM In HOME, enter, value matrixname(row,column). For example, to change the element in the first row and second column of M5 to 728, then display the resulting matrix: 728 M5 1 2 M5 . An attempt to store an element to a row or column beyond the size of the matrix results in an error message. Matrix arithmetic You can use the arithmetic functions (+, –, ×, / and powers) with matrix arguments.
HP 39gs English.book Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 3. Add the matrices that you created. M1 M2 To multiply and divide by a scalar For division by a scalar, enter the matrix first, then the operator, then the scalar. For multiplication, the order of the operands does not matter. The matrix and the scalar can be real or complex.
HP 39gs English.book Page 8 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM M1 2 To divide by a square matrix For division of a matrix or a vector by a square matrix, the number of rows of the dividend (or the number of elements, if it is a vector) must equal the number of rows in the divisor. This operation is not a mathematical division: it is a leftmultiplication by the inverse of the divisor. M1/M2 is equivalent to M2–1 * M1.
HP 39gs English.book Page 9 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 2. Create the vector of the constants in the linear system. 5 7 1 3. Return to the Matrix Catalog. MATRIX In this example, the vector you created is listed as M1. 4. Create a new matrix. Select Real matrix 5. Enter the equation coefficients. 2 3 4 1 1 1 4 1 2 In this example, the matrix you created is listed as M2. 6.
HP 39gs English.book Page 10 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Matrix functions and commands About functions About commands • Functions can be used in any aplet or in HOME. They are listed in the MATH menu under the Matrix category. They can be used in mathematical expressions—primarily in HOME—as well as in programs. • Functions always produce and display a result. They do not change any stored variables, such as a matrix variable.
HP 39gs English.book COND Page 11 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Condition Number. Finds the 1-norm (column norm) of a square matrix. COND(matrix) CROSS Cross Product of vector1 with vector2. CROSS(vector1, vector2) DET Determinant of a square matrix. DET(matrix) DOT Dot Product of two arrays, matrix1 matrix2. DOT(matrix1, matrix2) EIGENVAL Displays the eigenvalues in vector form for matrix. EIGENVAL(matrix) EIGENVV Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues for a square matrix.
HP 39gs English.book LU Page 12 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM LU Decomposition. Factors a square matrix into three matrices: {[[lowertriangular]],[[uppertriangular]],[[permutation]]} The uppertriangular has ones on its diagonal. LU(matrix) MAKEMAT Make Matrix. Creates a matrix of dimension rows × columns, using expression to calculate each element.
HP 39gs English.book Page 13 SPECNORM Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Spectral Norm of matrix. SPECNORM(matrix) SPECRAD Spectral Radius of a square matrix. SPECRAD(matrix) SVD Singular Value Decomposition. Factors an m × n matrix into two matrices and a vector: {[[m × m square orthogonal]],[[n × n square orthogonal]], [real]}. SVD(matrix) SVL Singular Values. Returns a vector containing the singular values of matrix. SVL(matrix) TRACE Finds the trace of a square matrix.
HP 39gs English.book Transposing a Matrix Page 14 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The TRN function swaps the row-column and column-row elements of a matrix. For instance, element 1,2 (row 1, column 2) is swapped with element 2,1; element 2,3 is swapped with element 3,2; and so on. For example, TRN([[1,2],[3,4]]) creates the matrix [[1,3],[2,4]].
HP 39gs English.book Page 15 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The final row of zeros in the reduced-row echelon form of the augmented matrix indicates an inconsistent system with infinite solutions.
HP 39gs English.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 16 Lists You can do list operations in HOME and in programs. A list consists of comma-separated real or complex numbers, expressions, or matrices, all enclosed in braces. A list may, for example, contain a sequence of real numbers such as {1,2,3}. (If the Decimal Mark mode is set to Comma, then the separators are periods.) Lists represent a convenient way to group related objects. There are ten list variables available, named L0 to L9.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 3. Enter the values you want in the list, pressing after each one. Values can be real or complex numbers (or an expression). If you enter a calculation, it is evaluated and the result is inserted in the list. 4. When done, press or press List catalog keys LIST to see the List catalog, to return to HOME. The list catalog keys are: Key Meaning Opens the highlighted list for editing.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 List edit keys Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM When you press to create or change a list, the following keys are available to you: Key Meaning Copies the highlighted list item into the edit line. Inserts a new value before the highlighted item. Deletes the highlighted item from the list. CLEAR or Create a list in HOME Clears all elements from the list. Moves to the end or the beginning of the list. 1. Enter the list on the edit line.
HP 39gs English.book Page 4 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Displaying and editing lists To display a list • In the List catalog, highlight the list name and press . • In HOME, enter the name of the list and press . To display one element In HOME, enter listname(element#). For example, if L2 is {3,4,5,6}, then L2(2) returns 4. To edit a list 1. Open the List catalog. LIST. 2. Press or to highlight the name of the list you want to edit (L1, etc.) and press to display the list contents. 3.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 To insert an element in a list 11:24 PM 1. Open the List catalog. LIST. 2. Press or to highlight the name of the list you want to edit (L1, etc.) and press to display the list contents. New elements are inserted above the highlighted position. In this example, an element, with the value of 9, is inserted between the first and second elements in the list. 3. Press to the insertion position, then press , and press 9. 4.
HP 39gs English.book Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Deleting lists To delete a list In the List catalog, highlight the list name and press . You are prompted to confirm that you want to delete the contents of the highlighted list variable. Press to delete the contents. To delete all lists In the List catalog, press CLEAR. Transmitting lists You can send lists to calculators or PCs just as you can aplets, programs, matrices, and notes. 1.
HP 39gs English.book Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM CONCAT(L1,L2). An argument can be either a list variable name (such as L1) or the actual list. For example, REVERSE({1,2,3}). • If Decimal Mark in Modes is set to Comma, use periods to separate arguments. For example, CONCAT(L1.L2). Common operators like +, –, ×, and / can take lists as arguments. If there are two arguments and both are lists, then the lists must have the same length, since the calculation pairs the elements.
HP 39gs English.book Page 8 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Example In HOME, store {3,5,8,12,17,23} in L5 and find the first differences for the list. {3,5,8,12,17,23 } L5 L Select ΔLIST L5 MAKELIST Calculates a sequence of elements for a new list. Evaluates expression with variable from begin to end values, taken at increment steps.
HP 39gs English.book Page 9 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM position of the first occurrence is returned. A value of 0 is returned if there is no occurrence of the specified element. POS(list, element) Example POS ({3, 7, 12, 19},12) returns 3 REVERSE Creates a list by reversing the order of the elements in a list. REVERSE(list) SIZE Calculates the number of elements in a list. SIZE(list) Also works with matrices. ΣLIST Calculates the sum of all elements in list.
HP 39gs English.book Page 10 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 2. In HOME, store L1 into C1. You will then be able to see the list data in the Numeric view of the Statistics aplet. L1 C1 3. Start the Statistics aplet, and select 1-variable mode (press , if necessary, to display ). Select Statistics Note: Your list values are now in column 1 (C1). 4. In the Symbolic view, define H1 (for example) as C1 (sample) and 1 (frequency). 5. Go to the Numeric view to display calculated statistics.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 17 Notes and sketches Introduction The HP 39gs has text and picture editors for entering notes and sketches. • Each aplet has its own independent Note view and Sketch view. Notes and sketches that you create in these views are associated with the aplet. When you save the aplet, or send it to another calculator, the notes and sketches are saved or sent as well. • The Notepad is a collection of notes independent of all aplets.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Note edit keys Key Meaning Space key for text entry. Displays next page of a multi-page note. Alpha-lock for letter entry. Lower-case alpha-lock for letter entry. Backspaces cursor and deletes character. Deletes current character. Starts a new line. CLEAR Erases the entire note. Menu for entering variable names, and contents of variables. Menu for entering math operations, and constants. 17-2 CMDS Menu for entering program commands.
HP 39gs Engl i sh.book Page 3 W ednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Aplet sketch view You can attach pictures to an aplet in its Sketch view ( SKETCH). Your work is automatically saved with the aplet. Press any other view key or to exit the Sketch view Sketch keys Key Meaning Stores the specified portion of the current sketch to a graphics variable (G1 through G0). Adds a new, blank page to the current sketch set. Displays next sketch in the sketch set. Animates if held down.
HP 39gs English.book To draw a box Page 4 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 1. In Sketch view, press and move the cursor to where you want any corner of the box to be. 2. Press . 3. Move the cursor to mark the opposite corner for the box. You can adjust the size of the box by moving the cursor. 4. Press To draw a circle to finish the box. 1. In Sketch view, press and move the cursor to where you want the center of the circle to be. 2. Press . This turns on circle drawing. 3.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 To label parts of a sketch Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 1. Press and type the text on the edit line. To lock the Alpha shift on, press (for uppercase) or (for lowercase). To make the label a smaller character size, turn off before pressing .( is a toggle between small and large font size). The smaller character size cannot display lowercase letters. 2. Press . 3. Position the label where you want it by pressing the , 4. Press , , keys. again to affix the label.
HP 39gs English.book Page 6 To import a graphics variable Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM You can copy the contents of a graphics variable into the Sketch view of an aplet. 1. Open the Sketch view of the aplet ( The graphic will be copied here. 2. Press , . 3. Highlight Graphic, then press name of the variable (G1, etc.). 4. Press variable. SKETCH). and highlight the to recall the contents of the graphics 5. Move the box to where you would like to copy the graphic, then press .
HP 39gs English.book Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 4. Write your note. See “Note edit keys” on page 17-2 for more information on the entry and editing of notes. 5. When you are finished, press or an aplet key to exit Notepad. Your work is automatically saved. Notepad Catalog keys Key Meaning Opens the selected note for editing. Begins a new note, and asks for a name. Transmits the selected note to another HP 39gs or PC. Receives a note being transmitted from another HP 39gs or PC.
HP 39gs English.book To import a note Page 8 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM You can import a note from the Notepad into an aplet’s Note view, and vice versa. Suppose you want to copy a note named “Assignments” from the Notepad into the Function Note view: 1. In the Function aplet, display the Note view ( NOTE). 2. Press , highlight Notepad in the left column, then highlight the name “Assignments” in the right column. 3. Press to copy the contents of “Assignments” to the Function Note view.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 18 Programming Introduction This chapter describes how to program using the hp 39gs. In this chapter you’ll learn about: HINT The Contents of a Program • using the Program catalog to create and edit programs • programming commands • storing and retrieving variables in programs • programming variables. More information on programming, including examples and special tools, can be found at HP’s calculators web site: http://www.hp.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Example Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM RUN GETVALUE: RUN CALCULATE: RUN "SHOW ANSWER": This program is separated into three main tasks, each an individual program. Within each program, the task can be simple—or it can be divided further into other programs that perform smaller tasks. Program catalog The Program catalog is where you create, edit, delete, send, receive, or run programs.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Program catalog keys The program catalog keys are: Key Meaning Opens the highlighted program for editing. Prompts for a new program name, then opens an empty program. Transmits the highlighted program to another HP 39gs or to a disk drive. Receives the highlighted program from another HP 39gs or from a disk drive. Runs the highlighted program. or Moves to the beginning or end of the Program catalog. Deletes the highlighted program.
HP 39gs English.book Page 4 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Creating and editing programs Create a new program 1. Press 2. Press PROGRM to open the Program catalog. . The HP 39gs prompts you for a name. A program name can contain special characters, such as a space. However, if you use special characters and then run the program by typing it in HOME, you must enclose the program name in double quotes (" "). Don't use the " symbol within your program name. 3.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 2. On the left, use 11:24 PM or to highlight a command category, then press to access the commands in the category. Select the command that you want. 3. Press editor. Edit a program to paste the command into the program 1. Press PROGRM to open the Program catalog. 2. Use the arrow keys to highlight the program you want to edit, and press . The HP 39gs opens the Program Editor.
HP 39gs English.book Editing keys Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM The editing keys are: Key Meaning Inserts the editing point. character at the Inserts space into text. Displays previous page of the program. Displays next page of the program. Moves up or down one line. Moves right or left one character. Alpha-lock for letter entry. Press A...Z to lock lower case. Backspaces cursor and deletes character. Deletes current character. Starts a new line. CLEAR Erases the entire program.
HP 39gs English.book Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Using programs Run a program From HOME, type RUN program_name. or From the Program catalog, highlight the program you want to run and press Regardless of where you start the program, all programs run in HOME. What you see will differ slightly depending on where you started the program. If you start the program from HOME, the HP 39gs displays the contents of Ans (Home variable containing the last result), when the program has finished.
HP 39gs English.book Page 8 Copy a program Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM You can use the following procedure if you want to make a copy of your work before editing—or if you want to use one program as a template for another. 1. Press 2. Press PROGRM to open the Program catalog. . 3. Type a new file name, then choose . The Program Editor opens with a new program. 4. Press to open the variables menu. 5. Press to quickly scroll to Program. 6. Press copy.
HP 39gs English.book Page 9 Delete a program Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM To delete a program: 1. Press PROGRM to open the Program catalog. 2. Highlight a program to delete, then press Delete all programs You can delete all programs at once. 1. In the Program catalog, press 2. Press Delete the contents of a program . CLEAR. . You can clear the contents of a program without deleting the program name. 1. Press PROGRM to open the Program catalog. 2. Highlight a program, then press 3.
HP 39gs English.book Page 10 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 4. Develop a program that uses the SETVIEWS command to modify the aplet’s VIEWS menu. The menu options provide links to associated programs. You can specify any other programs that you want transferred with the aplet. See “SETVIEWS” on page 18-14 for information on the command. 5. Ensure that the customized aplet is selected, then run the menu configuration program to configure the aplet’s VIEWS menu. 6.
HP 39gs English.book Page 11 Save the aplet Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 1. Open the Function aplet and save it as “EXPERIMENT”. The new aplet appears in the Aplet library. Select Function EXPERIMENT 2. Create a program called EXP.ME1 with contents as shown. This program configures the plot ranges, then runs a program that allows you to set the angle format. 3. Create a program called EXP.ME2 with contents as shown.
HP 39gs English.book Page 12 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 6. Open the Program catalog and create a program named “EXP.SV”. Include the following code in the program. Each entry line after the command SETVIEWS is a trio that consists of a VIEWS menu text line (a space indicates none), a program name, and a number that defines the view to go to after the program has run its course. All programs listed here will transfer with an aplet when the aplet is transferred.
HP 39gs English.book Page 13 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM ’’’’;’’EXP.ANG’’;0; The program EXP.ANG is a small routine that is called by other programs that the aplet uses. This entry specifies that the program EXP.ANG is transferred when the aplet is transferred, but the space in the first quotes ensures that no entry appears on the menu. ’’Start’’;’’EXP.S’’;7: This specifies the Start menu option. The program that is associated with this entry, EXP.S, runs automatically when you start the aplet.
HP 39gs English.book Page 14 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Aplet commands CHECK Checks (selects) the corresponding function in the current aplet. For example, Check 3 would check F3 if the current aplet is Function. Then a checkmark would appear next to F3 in Symbolic view, F3 would be plotted in Plot view, and evaluated in Numeric view. CHECK n: SELECT Selects the named aplet and makes it the current aplet. Note: Quotes are needed if the name contains spaces or other special characters.
HP 39gs English.book Page 15 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM options use, or the program that defines the aplet’s VIEWS menu. • You can include a “Start” option in the VIEWS menu to specify a program that you want to run automatically when the aplet starts. This program typically sets up the aplet’s initial configuration. The START option on the menu is also useful for resetting the aplet.
HP 39gs English.book Page 16 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM ProgramName ProgramName is the name of the program that runs when the corresponding menu entry is selected. All programs that are identified in the aplet’s SETVIEWS command are transferred when the aplet is transmitted. ViewNumber ViewNumber is the number of a view to start after the program finishes running.
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HP 39gs English.book Page 18 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Example 1 A : IF A==1 THEN MSGBOX " A EQUALS 1" : END: IF... THEN... ELSE... END Executes the true-clause sequence of commands if the testclause is true, or the false-clause sequence of commands if the test-clause is false. IF test-clause THEN true-clause ELSE false-clause END Example 1 A : IF A==1 THEN MSGBOX "A EQUALS 1" : ELSE MSGBOX "A IS NOT EQUAL TO 1" : END: CASE...
HP 39gs English.book Page 19 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM IFERR...THEN...ELSE…END allows a program to intercept error conditions that otherwise would cause the program to abort. Its syntax is: IFERR trap-clause THEN clause_1 ELSE clause_2 END : Example IFERR Y: 60/X THEN MSGBOX "Error: X is zero.": ELSE MSGBOX "Value is "Y: END: RUN Runs the named program. If your program name contains special characters, such as a space, then you must enclose the file name in double quotes (" ").
HP 39gs English.book Page 20 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Example ARC 0;0;2;0;2π: FREEZE: Draws a circle centered at (0,0) of radius 2. The FREEZE command causes the circle to remain displayed on the screen until you press a key. BOX Draws a box with diagonally opposite corners (x1,y1) and (x2,y2).
HP 39gs English.book Page 21 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Example TLINE 0;0;3;3: Erases previously drawn 45 degree line from (0,0) to (3,3), or draws that line if it doesn’t already exist. Graphic commands The graphic commands use the graphics variables G0 through G9—or the Page variable from Sketch—as graphicname arguments. The position argument takes the form (x,y). Position coordinates depend on the current aplet’s scale, which is specified by Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, and Ymax.
HP 39gs English.book Page 22 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM will superimpose G1 onto G0 starting a position (1,1), where the position is given in terms of the current axes settings, not as a pixel position. GROBXOR Using the logical XOR, superimposes graphicname2 onto graphicname1. The upper left corner of graphicname2 is placed at position. GROBXOR graphicname1;(position) ;graphicname2: MAKEGROB Creates graphic with given width, height, and hexadecimal data, and stores it in graphicname.
HP 39gs English.book Page 23 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 ZEROGROB 11:24 PM Creates a blank graphic with given width and height, and stores it in graphicname. ZEROGROB graphicname;width;height: Loop commands Loop hp allow a program to execute a routine repeatedly. The HP 39gs has three loop structures. The example programs below illustrate each of these structures incrementing the variable A from 1 to 12. DO…UNTIL …END Do ... Until ...
HP 39gs English.book Page 24 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Note that the STEP parameter is optional. If it is omitted, a step value of 1 is assumed. BREAK Terminates loop. BREAK: Matrix commands The matrix commands take variables M0–M9 as arguments. ADDCOL Add Column. Inserts values into a column before column_number in the specified matrix. You enter the values as a vector.
HP 39gs English.book RANDMAT Page 25 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Creates random matrix with a specified number of rows and columns and stores the result in name (name must be M0...M9). The entries will be integers ranging from –9 to 9. RANDMAT name;rows;columns: REDIM Redimensions the specified matrix or vector to size. For a matrix, size is a list of two integers {n1,n2}. For a vector, size is a list containing one integer {n}.
HP 39gs English.book Page 26 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Print commands These commands print to an HP infrared printer, for example the HP 82240B printer. PRDISPLAY Prints the contents of the display. PRDISPLAY: PRHISTORY Prints all objects in the history. PRHISTORY: PRVAR Prints name and contents of variablename. PRVAR variablename: You can also use the PRVAR command to print the contents of a program or a note.
HP 39gs English.book Page 27 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Example 3 A:CHOOSE A; "COMIC STRIPS"; "DILBERT"; "CALVIN&HOBBES"; "BLONDIE": CLRVAR Clears the specified variable. The syntax is: CLRVAR variable : Example If you have stored {1,2,3,4} in variable L1, entering CLVAR L1 will clear L1. DISP Displays textitem in a row of the display at the line_number. A text item consists of any number of expressions and quoted strings of text. The expressions are evaluated and turned into strings.
HP 39gs English.book Page 28 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Example DISPXY –3.5;1.5;2;"HELLO WORLD": DISPTIME Displays the current date and time. DISPTIME To set the date and time, simply store the correct settings in the date and time variables. Use the following formats: M.DDYYYY for the date and H.MMSS for the time. Examples 5.152000 10.1500 EDITMAT DATE(sets the date to May 15, 2000). TIME (sets the time to 10:15 am). Matrix Editor. Opens the Matrix editor for the specified matrix.
HP 39gs English.book GETKEY Page 29 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Waits for a key, then stores the keycode rc.p in name, where r is row number, c is column number, and p is keyplane number. The key-planes numbers are: 1 for unshifted; 2 for shifted; 4 for alpha-shifted; and 5 for both alpha-shifted and shifted. GETKEY name: INPUT Creates an input form with a title bar and one field. The field has a label and a default value. There is text help at the bottom of the form.
HP 39gs English.book PROMPT Page 30 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Displays an input box with name as the title, and prompts for a value for name. name can be a variable such as A…Z, θ, L1…l9, C1…C9 or Z1…Z9. PROMPT name: WAIT Halts program execution for the specified number of seconds. WAIT seconds: Stat-One and Stat-Two commands The following commands are used for analyzing onevariable and two-variable statistical data.
HP 39gs English.book Page 31 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Datasetname can be SI, S2,..., or S5. Datasetname must include at least two pairs of data points. DO2VSTATS datasetname: SETDEPEND Sets datasetname dependent column. Datasetname can be S1, S2, …, or S5 and column can be C0–C9. SETDEPEND datasetname;column: SETINDEP Sets datasetname independent column. Datasetname can be S1, S2,…, or S5 and column can be C0–C9.
HP 39gs English.book Page 32 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Plot-view variables Area Function Contains the last value found by the Area function in PlotFCN menu. Axes Turns axes on or off. All Aplets From Plot Setup, check (or uncheck) AXES. or In a program, type: 1 0 Connect Function Parametric Polar Solve Statistics Axes—to turn axes on (default). Axes—to turn axes off. Draws lines between successively plotted points. From Plot Setup, check (or uncheck) CONNECT.
HP 39gs English.book Page 33 Grid All Aplets Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Turns the background grid in Plot view on or off. From Plot setup, check (or uncheck) GRID. or In a program, type 1 0 Hmin/Hmax Statistics Grid to turn the grid on. Grid to turn the grid off (default). Defines minimum and maximum values for histogram bars. From Plot Setup for one-variable statistics, set values for HRNG.
HP 39gs English.book Isect Page 34 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Function Contains the last value found by the Intersection function in the Plot-FCN menu. Labels Draws labels in Plot view showing X and Y ranges. All Aplets From Plot Setup, check (or uncheck) Labels or In a program, type 1 0 Nmin / Nmax Sequence Labels—to turn labels on. Labels—to turn labels off (default). Defines the minimum and maximum independent variable values.
HP 39gs English.book Page 35 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM S1mark–S5mark Sets the mark to use for scatter plots. Statistics From Plot Setup for two-variable statistics, S1markS5mark, then choose a mark. or In a program, type n S1mark where n is 1,2,3,...5 SeqPlot Sequence Enables you to choose types of sequence plot: Stairstep or Cobweb. From Plot Setup, select SeqPlot, then choose Stairstep or Cobweb.
HP 39gs English.book Umin/Umax Polar Page 36 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Sets the minimum and maximum independent values. Appears as the URNG field in the Plot Setup input form. From the Plot Setup input form, enter values for URNG. or In a program, type n1 Umin n2 Umax where n 2 > n 1 Ustep Polar Sets the step size for an independent variable. From the Plot Setup input form, enter values for USTEP.
HP 39gs English.book Page 37 Tstep Parametric Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Sets the step size for the independent variable. From the Plot Setup input form, enter values for TSTEP. or In a program, type n Tstep where n > 0 Xcross All Aplets Sets the horizontal coordinate of the crosshairs. Only works with TRACE off. In a program, type n Ycross All Aplets Xcross Sets the vertical coordinate of the crosshairs. Only works with TRACE off.
HP 39gs English.book Page 38 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 n1 Xmin n2 Xmax 11:24 PM where n 2 > n 1 Ymin / Ymax All Aplets Sets the minimum and maximum vertical values of the plot screen. Appears as the YRNG fields (vertical range) in the Plot Setup input form. From Plot Setup, enter the values for YRNG. or In a program, type n1 Ymin n2 Ymax where n 2 > n 1 Xzoom All Aplets Sets the horizontal zoom factor. From Plot-ZOOM-Set Factors, enter the value for XZOOM.
HP 39gs English.book Page 39 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Symbolic-view variables Angle All Aplets Sets the angle mode. From Symbolic Setup, choose Degrees, Radians, or Grads for angle measure. or In a program, type F1...F9, F0 Function 1 Angle —for Degrees. 2 Angle —for Radians. 3 Angle—for Grads. Can contain any expression. Independent variable is X. Example 'SIN(X)' F1(X) You must put single quotes around an expression to keep it from being evaluated before it is stored.
HP 39gs English.book S1fit...S5fit Statistics Page 40 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Sets the type of fit to be used by the FIT operation in drawing the regression line. From Symbolic Setup view, specify the fit in the field for S1FIT, S2FIT, etc. or In a program, store one of the following constant numbers or names into a variable S1fit, S2fit, etc.
HP 39gs English.book Page 41 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Numeric-view variables The following aplet variables control the Numeric view. The value of the variable applies to the current aplet only. C1...C9, C0 Statistics C0 through C9, for columns of data. Can contain lists. Enter data in the Numeric view or In a program, type LIST Cn where n = 0, 1, 2, 3 ... 9 Digits All Aplets Number of decimal places to use for Number format in the HOME view and for labeling axes in the Plot view.
HP 39gs English.book Page 42 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Note that if Fraction or Mixed Fraction is chosen, the setting will be ignored when labeling axes in Plot view. A setting of Scientific will be used instead. Example Scientific Format or 3 Format NumCol Sets the column to be highlighted in Numeric view. All Aplets except Statistics aplet In a program, type n NumCol where n can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
HP 39gs English.book NumStep Function Parametric Polar Sequence Page 43 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Sets the step size (increment value) for an independent variable in Numeric view. From Num Setup, enter a value for NUMSTEP. or In a program, type n NumStep where n > 0 NumType Function Parametric Polar Sequence Sets the table format. From Num Setup, choose Automatic or Build Your Own. or In a program, type 0 1 NumZoom Function Parametric Polar Sequence NumType for Build Your Own.
HP 39gs English.book Page 44 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Note variables The following aplet variable is available in Note view. NoteText All Aplets Use NoteText to recall text previously entered in Note view. Sketch variables The following aplet variables are available in Sketch view. Page All Aplets Sets a page in a sketch set. The graphics can be viewed one at a time using the and keys. The Page variable refers to the currently displayed page of a sketch set.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 19 Extending aplets Aplets are the application environments where you explore different classes of mathematical operations. You can extend the capability of the HP 39gs in the following ways: • Create new aplets, based on existing aplets, with specific configurations such as angle measure, graphical or tabular settings, and annotations. • Transmit aplets between HP 39gs calculators via an infra red link.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 1. Open the Solve aplet and save it under the new name. Solve | TRIANGLES 2. Enter the four formulas: θ O H θ A H θ O A A B C 3. Decide whether you want the aplet to operate in Degrees, Radians, or Grads. MODES Degrees 4. View the Aplet Library. The “TRIANGLES” aplet is listed in the Aplet Library. The Solve aplet can now be reset and used for other problems.
HP 39gs English.book Page 3 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Using a customized aplet To use the “Triangles” aplet, simply select the appropriate formula, change to the Numeric view and solve for the missing variable. Find the length of a ladder leaning against a vertical wall if it forms an angle of 35o with the horizontal and extends 5 metres up the wall. 1. Select the aplet. TRIANGLES 2. Choose the sine formula in E1. 3. Change to the Numeric view and enter the known values. 35 5 4.
HP 39gs English.book Page 4 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Annotating an aplet with notes The Note view ( NOTE) attaches a note to the current aplet. See Chapter 17, “Notes and sketches”. Annotating an aplet with sketches The Sketch view ( SKETCH) attaches a picture to the current aplet. See chapter 17, “Notes and sketches”. HINT Notes and sketches that you attach to an aplet become part of the aplet.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 To transmit an aplet Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 1. Connect the PC or aplet disk drive to the calculator by cable or align the two calculators’ infrared ports by matching up the triangle marks on the rims of the calculators. Place the calculators no more than 4 inches (10 cm) apart. 2. Sending calculator: Open the Library, highlight the aplet to send, and press .
HP 39gs English.book Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Note: choose a disk drive option if you are using the hp39gs connectivity kit to transfer the aplet. Highlight your selection and press . The Transmit annunciator— —is displayed until transmission is complete. If you are using the PC Connectivity Kit to download aplets from a PC, you will see a list of aplets in the PC’s current directory. Check as many items as you would like to receive.
HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM R Reference information Glossary aplet A small application, limited to one topic. The built-in aplet types are Function, Parametric, Polar, Sequence, Solve, Statistics, Inference, Finance, Trig Explorer, Quad Explorer, Linear Solver and Triangle Solve. An aplet can be filled with the data and solutions for a specific problem. It is reusable (like a program, but easier to use) and it records all your settings and definitions.
HP 39gs English.book R-2 Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM list A set of values separated by commas (periods if the Decimal Mark mode is set to Comma) and enclosed in braces. Lists are commonly used to enter statistical data and to evaluate a function with multiple values. Created and manipulated by the List editor and catalog. matrix A two-dimensional array of values separated by commas (periods if the Decimal Mark mode is set to Comma) and enclosed in nested brackets.
ReferenceInfo.fm Page 3 Friday, December 16, 2005 views 10:00 AM The possible contexts for an aplet: Plot, Plot Setup, Numeric, Numeric Setup, Symbolic, Symbolic Setup, Sketch, Note, and special views like split screens. Resetting the HP 39gs If the calculator “locks up” and seems to be stuck, you must reset it. This is much like resetting a PC. It cancels certain operations, restores certain conditions, and clears temporary memory locations.
ReferenceInfo.fm Page 4 Friday, December 16, 2005 10:00 AM If the calculator does not turn on If the HP 39gs does not turn on follow the steps below until the calculator turns on. You may find that the calculator turns on before you have completed the procedure. If the calculator still does not turn on, please contact Customer Support for further information. 1. Press and hold the key for 10 seconds. 2. Press and hold the key and the third menu key simultaneously.
ReferenceInfo.fm Page 5 Friday, December 16, 2005 10:00 AM To install the main batteries a. Slide up the battery compartment cover as illustrated. To install the backup battery a. Press down the holder. Push the plate to the shown direction and lift it. b. Insert 4 new AAA (LR03) batteries into the main compartment. Make sure each battery is inserted in the indicated direction. b. Insert a new CR2032 lithium battery. Make sure its positive (+) side is facing up. c.
HP 39gs English.book Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Variables Home variables The home variables are: R-6 Category Available name Complex Z1...Z9, Z0 Graphic G1...G9, G0 Library Function Parametric Polar Sequence Solve Statistics User-named List L1...L9, L0 Matrix M1...M9, M0 Modes Ans Date HAngle HDigits HFormat Ierr Time Notepad User-named Program Editline User-named Real A...
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HP 39gs English.book Page 12 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Statistics aplet variables The statistics aplet variables are: R-12 Category Available name Plot Axes Connect Coord Grid Hmin Hmax Hwidth Indep InvCross Labels Recenter S1mark S2mark S3mark S4mark S5mark StatPlot Tracing Xcross Ycross Xtick Ytick Xmin Xmax Ymin Ymax Xzoom Yxoom Symbolic Angle S1fit S2fit S3fit S4fit S5fit Numeric C0,...
HP 39gs English.book Page 13 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM MATH menu categories Math functions The math functions are: Category Available name Calculus ∂ ∫ TAYLOR Complex ARG CONJ IM RE Constant e i MAXREAL MINREAL π Hyperb.
HP 39gs English.book R-14 Page 14 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Category Available name (Continued) Matrix COLNORM COND CROSS DET DOT EIGENVAL EIGENVV IDENMAT INVERSE LQ LSQ LU MAKEMAT QR RANK ROWNORM RREF SCHUR SIZE SPECNORM SPECRAD SVD SVL TRACE TRN Polynom. POLYCOEF POLYEVAL POLYFORM POLYROOT Prob.
HP 39gs English.book Page 15 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Category Available name (Continued) Tests < ≤ == ≠ > ≥ AND IFTE NOT OR XOR Trig ACOT ACSC ASEC COT CSC SEC Program constants The program constants are: Category Available name Angle Degrees Grads Radians Format Standard Fixed SeqPlot Cobweb Stairstep S1...
HP 39gs English.book Page 16 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Physical Constants The physical constants are: Category Available Name Chemist • Avogadro (Avogadro’s Number, NA) • Boltz. (Boltmann, k) • mol. vo... (molar volume, Vm) • univ gas (universal gas, R) • std temp (standard temperature, St dT) • std pres (standard pressure, St dP) Phyics • • • • • Quantum • • • • • • • StefBolt (Stefan-Boltzmann, σ) light s...
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HP 39gs English.book Page 18 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Category Command (Continued) Stat-Two DO2VSTATS SETDEPEND SETINDEP Status messages R-18 Message Meaning Bad Argument Type Incorrect input for this operation. Bad Argument Value The value is out of range for this operation. Infinite Result Math exception, such as 1/0. Insufficient Memory You must recover some memory to continue operation.
HP 39gs English.book Page 19 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Message Meaning (Continued) Invalid Syntax The function or command you entered does not include the proper arguments or order of arguments. The delimiters (parentheses, commas, periods, and semi-colons) must also be correct. Look up the function name in the index to find its proper syntax. Name Conflict The | (where) function attempted to assign a value to the variable of integration or summation index.
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HP 39gs English.book Page 1 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Limited Warranty HP 39gs Graphing Calculator; Warranty period: 12 months 1. HP warrants to you, the end-user customer, that HP hardware, accessories and supplies will be free from defects in materials and workmanship after the date of purchase, for the period specified above. If HP receives notice of such defects during the warranty period, HP will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.
HP 39gs English.book Page 2 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM 6. HP MAKES NO OTHER EXPRESS WARRANTY OR CONDITION WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IS LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THE EXPRESS WARRANTY SET FORTH ABOVE.
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HP 39gs English.book Page 4 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 L.America Country: 11:24 PM Telephone numbers Argentina 0-810-555-5520 Brazil Sao Paulo 3747-7799; ROTC 0-800-157751 Mexico Mx City 5258-9922; ROTC 01-800-472-6684 Venezuela 0800-4746-8368 Chile 800-360999 Columbia 9-800-114726 Peru 0-800-10111 Central America & Caribbean 1-800-711-2884 Guatemala 1-800-999-5105 Puerto Rico 1-877-232-0589 Costa Rica 0-800-011-0524 N.America Country : Telephone numbers U.S.
HP 39gs English.book Page 5 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Regulatory information Federal Communications Commission Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
HP 39gs English.book Page 6 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Houston, Texas 77269-2000 Or, call 1-800-474-6836 For questions regarding this FCC declaration, contact: Hewlett-Packard Company P. O. Box 692000, Mail Stop 510101 Houston, Texas 77269-2000 Or, call 1-281-514-3333 To identify this product, refer to the part, series, or model number found on the product. Canadian Notice This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations.
HP 39gs English.book Page 7 Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM Korean Notice Disposal of Waste Equipment by Users in Private Household in the European Union This symbol on the product or on its packaging indicates that this product must not be disposed of with your other household waste. Instead, it is your responsibility to dispose of your waste equipment by handing it over to a designated collection point for the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment.
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