HP Smart Array 5300 Controller User Guide March 2003 (Sixth Edition) Part Number 135606-006 HP CONFIDENTIAL Writer: Kimberly Koch File Name: a-frnt.
© 2003 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. ® Intel Itanium™ Processor Family is a trademark of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. Hewlett-Packard Company shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein. The information in this document is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind and is subject to change without notice.
Contents About This Guide Audience Assumptions..................................................................................................... vii Important Safety Information ........................................................................................... vii Symbols on Equipment .................................................................................................... vii Rack Stability .............................................................................................
Contents Chapter 2 Installation Overview Procedure for a New, Autoconfigurable System .............................................................2-1 Procedure for a New, Non-autoconfigurable System ......................................................2-3 ProLiant Servers ........................................................................................................2-3 Intel IPF Servers........................................................................................................
Contents Chapter 7 Installing the Device Drivers and Management Agents ProLiant Servers .............................................................................................................. 7-1 Device Drivers .......................................................................................................... 7-1 Management Agents ................................................................................................. 7-2 IPF Servers ..................................................
Contents Appendix B Electrostatic Discharge Appendix C Controller Specifications Appendix D Drive Arrays and Fault Tolerance What Is a Drive Array? ................................................................................................... D-1 Fault-Tolerance Methods ................................................................................................ D-5 RAID 0—No Fault Tolerance ..................................................................................
About This Guide This guide provides step-by-step instructions for installation, and reference information for operation, troubleshooting, and future upgrades for the HP Smart Array 5300 Controller. Audience Assumptions This guide is for the person who installs, administers, and troubleshoots servers. HP assumes you are qualified in the servicing of computer equipment and trained in recognizing hazards in products with hazardous energy levels.
About This Guide This symbol indicates the presence of hazardous energy circuits or electric shock hazards. Refer all servicing to qualified personnel. WARNING: To reduce the risk of injury from electric shock hazards, do not open this enclosure. Refer all maintenance, upgrades, and servicing to qualified personnel. This symbol indicates the presence of electric shock hazards. The area contains no user or field serviceable parts. Do not open for any reason.
About This Guide Rack Stability WARNING: To reduce the risk of personal injury or damage to the equipment, be sure that: • The leveling jacks are extended to the floor. • The full weight of the rack rests on the leveling jacks. • The stabilizing feet are attached to the rack if it is a single-rack installation. • The racks are coupled together in multiple-rack installations. • Only one component is extended at a time.
About This Guide Related Documents For additional information on the topics covered in this guide, refer to the following documentation: • HP Array Configuration Utility 6.
About This Guide HP Website The HP website has information on this product as well as the latest drivers and flash ROM images. You can access the HP website at www.hp.com. Authorized Reseller For the name of your nearest authorized reseller: • In the United States, call 1-800-345-1518. • In Canada, call 1-800-263-5868. • Elsewhere, see the HP website for locations and telephone numbers. Reader’s Comments HP welcomes your comments on this guide.
1 Board Components and Features The HP Smart Array 5300 Series of controllers comprises two models, the 5302 and the 5304. Model 5302 has two Wide Ultra3 SCSI channels and 128 MB of cache; model 5304 has four Wide Ultra3 SCSI channels and 256 MB of cache. You can upgrade the 5302 model to have four channels, 256 MB of cache, or both, by means of the appropriate option kits.
Board Components and Features NOTE: On both controller models, ports 1 and 2 each have two connectors (one internal and one external). However, only one connector can be used per port at any given time. Ports 3 and 4 (available on the 5304) can be used only for external drives.
Board Components and Features Figure 1-3: Two- to four-channel adapter upgrade option Figure 1-4: Array accelerator cache with batteries For details of the controller board specifications, refer to Appendix C, “Controller Specifications.” HP Smart Array 5300 Controller User Guide HP CONFIDENTIAL Writer: Kimberly Koch File Name: b-ch1 board components.
Board Components and Features Overview of Controller Features • Two or four Wide Ultra3 SCSI channels, supporting up to 56 drives (4 channels, 14 drives per channel) • Support for HP ProLiant and Intel Itanium • Support for Microsoft Windows 2000, Windows NT 4.0, Linux, Novell NetWare 5.
Board Components and Features — Multiple logical drives per array Overview of Array Accelerator Features The array accelerator is a high performance, battery-backed, 100-MHz SDRAM DIMM cache module. Array controllers use cache to store read data from the hard drives. The system can later access this read data. The controller firmware uses the read-ahead and most recently used caching algorithms. Array controllers also use cache to complete drive write operations more quickly.
Board Components and Features For each of these operations, data has to be reorganized among hard drives, and must be saved to non-volatile storage during the operation. (For further details of these operations, refer to Chapter 6, Appendix D, and Appendix E.) Without batterybacked cache, the data can only be stored at empty locations within the drive array, so these operations cannot occur at all if the array is full.
Board Components and Features Figure 1-5: Battery packs This data protection (and the time limit) also applies if an equipment failure or power outage occurs. When power is restored to the system, an initialization process writes the preserved data to the hard drives. The batteries are continuously recharged using a trickle-charging process whenever the system power is on. Under normal operating conditions, a battery pack lasts for three years before replacement is necessary.
Board Components and Features PCI System Interface Smart Array 5300 controllers interface to the server through a high-performance 64-bit PCI bus that: • Runs at 66 MHz • Provides a high-speed path (up to 528 MB/s) between the system board and the controller • Includes two parity protection signals The Smart Array 5300 Controller is a PCI Bus Master device conforming to Rev. 2.2 of the PCI Local Bus Specification.
Board Components and Features • Auto-Reliability Monitoring (ARM) is a background process that scans hard drives for bad sectors in fault-tolerant logical drives. ARM also verifies the consistency of parity data in logical drives that are using RAID 5 or RAID ADG. This process assures that you can recover all data successfully if a drive failure occurs in the future. ARM operates only when you select a fault-tolerant configuration (RAID 1 or higher).
Board Components and Features • Recovery ROM is a redundancy feature that ensures continuous system availability by providing a backup ROM. This feature protects against corruption of a ROM image (caused, for example, by power fluctuation during ROM upgrade). If corruption occurs, the server automatically restarts using the remaining good copy of the ROM image. When you upgrade the ROM, the inactive image (the one not being used by the system) is upgraded.
2 Installation Overview The details of the steps required to install the controller depend on the server model and whether the server is a new or existing one. The following flowcharts summarize the installation procedures for the most common scenarios. Procedure for a New, Autoconfigurable System Some new HP ProLiant server models self-configure when they are powered up for the first time.
Installation Overview 1 Install the controller hardware (Chapter 3), if it is not pre-installed. ....... 2 Install the physical drives if necessary. (The number of drives present determines the RAID level that is autoconfigured. For details, refer to the server-specific setup and installation guide : 3 Power up the server. : 5 Create and format additional logical drives if desired (Chapter 6). ....... 4 Install the operating system and applications.
Installation Overview Procedure for a New, Non-autoconfigurable System ProLiant Servers 1 Install the controller hardware (Chapter 3), if it is not pre-installed. ....... 2 Update the system firmware (Chapter 4). : 3 Update the controller firmware (Chapter 4). : 5 Set the boot controller (Chapter 5). ....... 4 Configure the system (Chapter 5). ....... 8 Create and format additional logical drives if desired (Chapter 6). : 6 Create at least one logical drive and format it (Chapter 6).
Installation Overview Intel IPF Servers 1 Install the controller hardware (Chapter 3), if it is not pre-installed. ....... 2 Configure an array (Chapter 6). : 3 Configure the system (Chapter 5). : 5 Install the operating system (Chapter 7). ....... 4 Update the controller firmware (Chapter 4) ....... 8 Create and format additional logical drives if desired (Chapter 6). : 6 If you are installing additional Smart Array controllers, install the device drivers (Chapter 7).
Installation Overview Procedure for a Preconfigured System 1 Back up data (required if migrating from a non-array controller). ----- 2 Update the system firmware (Chapter 4). : 3 If the controller is to be the boot device, install the device driver for your operating system (Chapter 7). Otherwise, continue with step 4. : 5 Set the controller order (Chapter 5). ----- 4 Install the controller hardware (Chapter 3).
3 Installing the Hardware Preparing the Server Before installing the controller in the server, back up all data. This step is mandatory if you are moving non-arrayed SCSI drives to a Smart Array controller, because data is not preserved during a move between array controllers and non-array controllers. WARNING: To reduce the risk of personal injury or damage to the equipment, consult the safety information and user documentation provided with your computer before attempting the installation.
Installing the Hardware 4. Unplug the AC power cord from the outlet, and then from the server. IMPORTANT: If you will be replacing an existing Smart Array controller with a Smart Array 5300 controller, see the “External Cabling for HP Servers” section to determine the external cabling requirements. 5. Disconnect any peripheral devices from the server.
Installing the Hardware Figure 3-1: Installing a Smart Array 5300 Controller NOTE: Your server may look slightly different from the one illustrated. 5. Press the controller board firmly into the slot so that the contacts on the board edge are properly seated in the system board connector. 6. Secure the board in place with the hot-plug latch or retaining screw. 7. Continue by following the instructions given in “Connecting the Cables.
Installing the Hardware On HP and Compaq-branded products that support hot-pluggable drives, the SCSI IDs for peripherals are automatically set. For non-hot-pluggable devices, the IDs must be set manually by using switches or jumpers on the device itself.
Installing the Hardware CAUTION: Do not operate the server with the access panel removed for extended periods of time. This precaution protects thermally sensitive components by ensuring the proper airflow through the server and minimizes personal contact with hazardous energy levels. For additional information about drive installation, see Appendix E, “Hard Drive Installation and Replacement.
Installing the Hardware Up to four SCSI ports may be available for connection to external storage devices depending on whether the 2- to 4-channel adapter is attached and whether internal drives are connected to the array controller. 7. On the rear of the server, connect the cable to the VHDCI connector on the Smart Array controller, and then tighten the lock screws on the cable connector. IMPORTANT: Offset VHDCI cables must be used with the Smart Array 5300 controller.
Installing the Hardware SCSI Cable Part Numbers Table 3-1: Internal and External SCSI Cable Part Numbers Cable type* Length Option kit number Cable assembly number 1.8 m/6 ft 341174-B21 313374-001 3.6 m/12 ft 341175-B21 313374-002 7.2 m/24 ft 164604-B21 313374-004 11.7 m/39 ft 150214-B21 313374-005 1.8 m/6 ft 341176-B21 313375-001 3.
4 Updating the Firmware To update the firmware, you can use the Smart Components that are available on the HP website (http://www.hp.com/support). 1. Locate the Smart Component for the operating system and controller that the server is using. 2. Follow the instructions for installing the component on the server. These instructions are given on the same Web page as the components. 3. Follow the additional instructions that describe how to use the component to flash the ROM.
Updating the Firmware Using the SmartStart CD 1. Insert the CD into the CD-ROM drive of the server. If you want to update the firmware with the server offline, restart the server and wait for controller initialization to finish. 2. Select the language and keyboard that you want to use. The license agreement (EULA) screen is displayed. 3. Click Agree. The MyProLiant Server screen is displayed. 4. Click the Maintenance tab. 5. Click ROM Update Utility. 6.
Updating the Firmware 5. If you want to use Smart Components to apply the most current updates, refer to the “Using the Smart Components with a CD” section in this chapter. 6. Restart the server for the updates to take effect. Using the Smart Components with a CD 1. Return to the ROM Update Utility screen and click the Supplemental Disk tab. The URL from which you can download the Smart Components is provided at the top of the screen. 2. Visit the Smart Components Web page. a.
Updating the Firmware IPF Servers If the IPF server uses a supported Microsoft Windows operating system, an alternative method to the Smart Components for updating the firmware is to use the DVD from the controller kit, as follows: 1. On the main menu of the EFI-based configuration utility on the DVD, select Maintain Firmware. 2. Select the firmware that you want to update. 3. Follow the on-screen prompts and instructions to complete the firmware updates. 4.
5 Configuring the Server ProLiant Servers After installing the controller hardware and updating the firmware, configure the server by using either RBSU or SCU. (A brief description of the procedure is given in this section. For more information, refer to the HP ROM-Based Setup Utility User Guide or the server setup and installation guide.) Using RBSU RBSU is a system configuration utility that is embedded in the system ROM. It is customized for the server on which it is installed.
Configuring the Server 4. Select Boot Controller Order on the main RBSU screen and follow the onscreen prompts to set the boot controller. 5. When you have finished using RBSU, press the Esc key, and then press the F10 key to confirm that you want to exit. The server reboots with the new configuration. Using SCU If you updated the firmware in a used system that was not configured using RBSU, you must use the System Configuration Utility (SCU) to update the system partition. 1.
Configuring the Server If you want to use ORCA to create logical drives, you do not need to exit the utility at this point. Continue as described in Chapter 6, “Configuring an Array.” IPF Servers When you have finished configuring an array, you can create partitions on the system. For IPF servers that use a supported Microsoft Windows operating system, you can use the DVD that is supplied in the controller kit. 1. Insert the DVD into the DVD-ROM drive. 2.
6 Configuring an Array HP provides two utilities for manually configuring an array on a Smart Array controller: • Array Configuration Utility (ACU)—A versatile, browser-based utility that provides maximum control over configuration parameters • Option ROM Configuration for Arrays (ORCA)—A simple ROM-based configuration utility that runs on all operating systems Whichever utility you use, the following limitations apply: • For the most efficient use of drive space, do not mix drives of different capaci
Configuring an Array Table 6-1: Comparison of Utilities for Configuring an Array Feature ACU* ORCA* Uses a graphical interface y n Available in languages other than English y n Executable at any time y n Available on CD y n Uses a wizard to suggest the optimum configuration for an unconfigured controller y n Describes configuration errors y n Windows Server 2003 y y Windows 2000 y y Windows NT y y Supports these operating systems: Novell NetWare † y y Linux y‡ y Creati
Configuring an Array Table 6-1: Comparison of Utilities for Configuring an Array continued Creation of multiple logical drives per array y n Setting of boot controller n y *y = feature is supported; n = feature is not supported † NetWare can use ACU only when the system is offline. ‡ IPF systems cannot run ACU in a Linux environment. Using ACU For detailed information about using ACU, refer to the HP Array Configuration Utility User Guide.
Configuring an Array Figure 6-1: ORCA main menu screen To create a logical drive: 1. Select Create Logical Drive. The screen displays a list of all available (unconfigured) physical drives and the valid RAID options for the system. 2. Use the arrow keys, space bar, and tab key to navigate around the screen and set up the logical drive, including an online spare drive if one is required. NOTE: You cannot use ORCA to configure one spare drive to be shared among several arrays.
Configuring an Array 4. Press the F8 key to confirm the settings and save the new configuration. After several seconds, the Configuration Saved screen is displayed. 5. Press the Enter key to continue. You can now create another logical drive by repeating the previous steps. NOTE: Newly created logical drives are invisible to the operating system. To make new logical drives available for data storage, format them using the instructions given in the operating system documentation.
7 Installing the Device Drivers and Management Agents ProLiant Servers Device Drivers The drivers for the controller are located on the Support Software CD or the SmartStart CD that is provided in the controller kit. Updates are posted to the HP website (http://www.hp.com/support). Using the Support Software CD: Instructions for installing the drivers from the Support Software CD are given in the leaflet that is supplied with the CD.
Installing the Device Drivers and Management Agents Management Agents If you use the Assisted Installation path feature of SmartStart to install the operating system on a new server, the Management Agents are automatically installed at the same time.
Installing the Device Drivers and Management Agents 1. Power down the server and disconnect the power cords. 2. Install the new controller and connect it to storage devices. 3. Power up the server. The operating system recognizes the controller and launches the Found New Hardware wizard. 4. In the Files Needed dialog box, select the option to automatically search for the driver. 5.
8 Upgrading and Replacing Options Array Accelerator To remove the existing array accelerator board: 1. Squeeze the ends of the heat sink clip inwards (1), and then rotate the clip out of the heat sink (2). 1 2 1 Figure 8-1: Removing the heatsink 2. Lift the heatsink out of the frame. HP Smart Array 5300 Controller User Guide HP CONFIDENTIAL Writer: Kimberly Koch File Name: i-ch8 upgrading and replacing options.
Upgrading and Replacing Options 3. Rotate the clip back towards the controller board to allow room for the array accelerator board to be removed. 4. Remove the plastic retainer (1) by detaching it from the array accelerator and unhooking it from the controller board. 1 2 Figure 8-2: Releasing the array accelerator board 5. Swing out the DIMM ejectors (2) on each side of the array accelerator. 6.
Upgrading and Replacing Options Figure 8-3: Unplugging the array accelerator board To install the new array accelerator board: 1. Push the array accelerator board firmly into the DIMM connector socket. 2. Close the DIMM ejector levers to lock the array accelerator into place. 3. Reinstall the plastic retainer. 4. Reattach the heatsink. Installation of the new array accelerator board is complete.
Upgrading and Replacing Options Battery Pack WARNING: There is a risk of explosion, fire, or personal injury if the battery pack is replaced incorrectly or mistreated. To reduce the risk: • Do not attempt to recharge the battery outside of the controller. • Do not expose to water, or to temperatures higher than 60°C (140°F). • Do not abuse, disassemble, crush, puncture, short external contacts, or dispose of in fire or water. • Replace only with the spare designated for this product.
Upgrading and Replacing Options Figure 8-5: Releasing the battery pack 3. Remove the pack from the array accelerator board. If the battery pack flange grasps the board tightly, rock the pack slightly from side to side while lifting the pack upward. Figure 8-6: Removing the battery pack Since both packs are likely to be discharged at a similar rate, repeat the procedure for the other battery pack.
Upgrading and Replacing Options To install a new NiMH battery pack: 1. Wait about 15 seconds after removing the old battery packs to allow the battery charge monitor to reset. 2. Hook the battery pack flange onto the top of the array accelerator board, with the pack held at a 10-degree angle to the plane of the board. Figure 8-7: Installing the new battery pack 3. Rotate the battery pack towards the array accelerator board.
Upgrading and Replacing Options 1 2 Figure 8-8: Securing the flange and clip Installation of the new battery pack is complete. Repeat for the other battery pack. HP Smart Array 5300 Controller User Guide HP CONFIDENTIAL Writer: Kimberly Koch File Name: i-ch8 upgrading and replacing options.
Upgrading and Replacing Options Two- to Four-Channel Adapter Board To remove the existing two- to four-channel adapter board: 1. Remove the screw that secures the two- to four-channel adapter board. This screw is reachable from the back of the controller board. Figure 8-9: Removing the securing screw 8-8 HP Smart Array 5300 Controller User Guide HP CONFIDENTIAL Writer: Kimberly Koch File Name: i-ch8 upgrading and replacing options.
Upgrading and Replacing Options 2. Unplug the two- to four-channel adapter board from the connector on the controller board. Figure 8-10: Unplugging the two- to four-channel adapter board 3. Pull the two- to four-channel adapter board out of the VHDCI socket. Figure 8-11: Removing the two- to four-channel adapter board HP Smart Array 5300 Controller User Guide HP CONFIDENTIAL Writer: Kimberly Koch File Name: i-ch8 upgrading and replacing options.
Upgrading and Replacing Options To install the new two- to four-channel adapter board: 1. Insert the VHDCI connector on the adapter board into the unoccupied VHDCI slot (1) while sliding the adapter board under the bracket lip (2) on the occupied VHDCI slot. 3 2 1 Figure 8-12: Installing the adapter board 2. Plug the adapter board into the connector (3) on the controller board. 3.
Upgrading and Replacing Options Figure 8-13: Securing the adapter board to the array controller board Installation of the new adapter board is complete. HP Smart Array 5300 Controller User Guide HP CONFIDENTIAL Writer: Kimberly Koch File Name: i-ch8 upgrading and replacing options.
Upgrading and Replacing Options Enabling RAID ADG You can enable RAID ADG on a Smart Array 5300 Controller by installing a software key. Alternatively, if you have an older version of the controller, you can install a hardware enabler module on the controller board. Using the Software Key 1. Confirm that the array accelerator has a capacity of at least 64 MB. 2. Close all applications and utilities on the server containing the controller. 3.
Upgrading and Replacing Options For further instructions or clarifications regarding the software key installation procedure, refer to the ACU 6.0 online help. Using the Enabler Module The connector for the RAID ADG Enabler Module is located at the corner of the controller board near the array accelerator connector socket, as shown in Figure 8-14. The module attaches to the controller board with the narrow tab (circled in Figure 8-15) nearest to the corner of the controller board.
Upgrading and Replacing Options Figure 8-15: Aligning the module on the controller board When replacing a Smart Array 5300 Controller, you may want to remove the RAID ADG Enabler Module from the old controller and install it onto the new controller. 8-14 HP Smart Array 5300 Controller User Guide HP CONFIDENTIAL Writer: Kimberly Koch File Name: i-ch8 upgrading and replacing options.
Upgrading and Replacing Options To remove the RAID ADG Enabler Module: Press the innermost plastic clip under the controller board towards the other clip (1), and push the module out of the board (2). 1 2 Figure 8-16: Removing the RAID ADG Enabler Module To install the module on the new controller board: 1. Check that the array accelerator on the new controller board has at least 64 MB of read/write cache. 2.
Upgrading and Replacing Options 3. Use one thumb to press the tab at the top of the rear end outward (2a), while using the other thumb to gently press the other end of the module (2b) into the connector and slot on the controller board. 1 2 a b Figure 8-17: Installing the module Installation of the RAID ADG Enabler Module is complete. 8-16 HP Smart Array 5300 Controller User Guide HP CONFIDENTIAL Writer: Kimberly Koch File Name: i-ch8 upgrading and replacing options.
A Regulatory Compliance Notices Regulatory Compliance Identification Numbers For the purpose of regulatory compliance certifications and identification, your product has been assigned a unique series number. The series number can be found on the product nameplate label, along with all required approval markings and information. When requesting compliance information for this product, always refer to this series number.
Regulatory Compliance Notices Class A Equipment This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
Regulatory Compliance Notices Declaration of Conformity for Products Marked with the FCC Logo, United States Only This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. For questions regarding your product, contact us by mail or telephone: • Hewlett-Packard Company P. O.
Regulatory Compliance Notices Cables Connections to this device must be made with shielded cables with metallic RFI/EMI connector hoods in order to maintain compliance with FCC Rules and Regulations. Canadian Notice (Avis Canadien) Class A Equipment This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Regulations Cet appareil numérique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du Règlement sur le matériel brouilleur du Canada.
Regulatory Compliance Notices European Union Notice Products with the CE Marking comply with both the EMC Directive (89/336/EEC) and the Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC) issued by the Commission of the European Community.
Regulatory Compliance Notices Japanese Notice BSMI Notice A-6 HP Smart Array 5300 Controller User Guide HP CONFIDENTIAL Writer: Kimberly Koch File Name: j-appa Regulatory Compliance Notices.
Regulatory Compliance Notices Battery Replacement Notice The array accelerator on the controller is equipped with a nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery pack. Replacement is to be performed by an authorized service provider using the spare designated for this product. WARNING: There is a risk of explosion, fire, or personal injury if the battery pack is not properly handled. To reduce the risk: • Do not attempt to recharge the battery outside of the controller.
B Electrostatic Discharge To prevent damage to the system, be aware of the precautions you need to follow when setting up the system or handling parts. A discharge of static electricity from a finger or other conductor may damage system boards or other static-sensitive devices. This type of damage may reduce the life expectancy of the device. To prevent electrostatic damage, observe the following precautions: • Avoid hand contact by transporting and storing products in static-safe containers.
Electrostatic Discharge • Use a portable field service kit with a folding static-dissipating work mat. If you do not have any of the suggested equipment for proper grounding, have an authorized reseller install the part. NOTE: For more information on static electricity, or assistance with product installation, contact your authorized reseller. B-2 HP Smart Array 5300 Controller User Guide HP CONFIDENTIAL Writer: Kimberly Koch File Name: k-appb Electrostatic Discharge.
C Controller Specifications Table C-1: Controller Specifications Dimensions 31.5 cm × 10.8 cm × 1.5 cm (12.4 in × 4.3 in × 0.6 in) Power required 21.2 W for 5302 (16.3 W at 3.3 V, 4.8 W at 5 V) 24.9 W for 5304 (19.0 W at 3.3 V, 5.
D Drive Arrays and Fault Tolerance What Is a Drive Array? The capacity and performance of a single physical (hard) drive is adequate for home users. However, business users demand higher storage capacities, higher data transfer rates, and greater protection against data loss when drives fail. Connecting extra physical drives to a system increases the total storage capacity (refer to Figure D-1), but has no effect on the efficiency of read/write (R/W) operations.
Drive Arrays and Fault Tolerance With an array controller installed in the system, the capacity of several physical drives can be combined into one or more virtual units called logical drives (also called logical volumes). Then, the read/write heads of all the constituent physical drives are active simultaneously, reducing the total time required for data transfer.
Drive Arrays and Fault Tolerance S1 B1 B2 B3 S2 B4 B5 B6 S3 B7 B8 B9 S4 B10 B11 B12 Figure D-3: Data striping (S1-S4) of data blocks B1-B12 For data in the logical drive to be readable, the data block sequence must be the same in every stripe. This sequencing process is performed by the array controller, which sends the data blocks to the drive write heads in the correct order.
Drive Arrays and Fault Tolerance A1 A2 L3 L1 L4 L2 L5 Figure D-4: Two arrays (A1, A2) containing five logical drives spread over five physical drives Each logical drive in an array is distributed over all of the physical drives within the array. A logical drive can also extend over more than one port on the same controller, but it cannot extend over more than one controller. Drive failure, although rare, is potentially catastrophic.
Drive Arrays and Fault Tolerance For any configuration except RAID 0, further protection against data loss can be achieved by assigning a drive as an online spare (or hot spare). This drive contains no data and is connected to the same controller as the array. When any other physical drive in the array fails, the controller automatically rebuilds information that was originally on the failed drive onto the online spare. The system is quickly restored to full RAID-level data protection.
Drive Arrays and Fault Tolerance RAID 1+0—Drive Mirroring In this configuration, data is duplicated onto a second drive. B1 B1 B2 B2 B3 B3 B4 B4 P1 P2 Figure D-5: Drive mirroring of P1 onto P2 When the array has more than two physical drives, drives are mirrored in pairs.
Drive Arrays and Fault Tolerance In each mirrored pair, the physical drive that is not busy answering other requests answers any read request sent to the array. (This behavior is called load balancing.) If a physical drive fails, the remaining drive in the mirrored pair can still provide all the necessary data. Several drives in the array can fail without incurring data loss, as long as no two failed drives belong to the same mirrored pair.
Drive Arrays and Fault Tolerance S1 B1 B2 P1,2 S2 B3 P3,4 B4 P5,6 B5 B6 B7 B8 P7,8 S3 S4 Figure D-7: Distributed data guarding, showing parity information (Px,y) Advantages • High read performance • No loss of data if one physical drive fails • More drive capacity usable than with RAID 1+0—parity information requires only the storage space equivalent to one physical drive Disadvantages D-8 • Relatively low write performance • Loss of data if a second drive fails before data from
Drive Arrays and Fault Tolerance RAID ADG—Advanced Data Guarding RAID ADG is similar to RAID 5 in that parity information is generated (and stored) to protect against data loss caused by drive failure. With RAID ADG, however, two different sets of parity data are used, allowing data to still be preserved if two drives fail. As can be seen in Figure D-8, each set of parity data uses a capacity equivalent to that of one of the constituent drives.
Drive Arrays and Fault Tolerance Disadvantage The only significant disadvantage of RAID ADG is a relatively low write performance (lower than RAID 5) because of the need for two sets of parity data. Comparing Hardware-Based RAID Methods Table D-1 summarizes the important features of the different kinds of RAID methods described here. The decision chart in Table D-2 may help you to determine which option is best for your situation.
Drive Arrays and Fault Tolerance Table D-2: Choosing a RAID Method Most Important Also Important Suggested RAID Level Fault tolerance Cost effectiveness RAID ADG I/O performance RAID 1+0 Fault tolerance RAID ADG I/O performance RAID 5 (RAID 0 if fault tolerance is not required) Cost effectiveness RAID 5 (RAID 0 if fault tolerance is not required) Fault tolerance RAID 1+0 Cost effectiveness I/O performance Other Fault-Tolerance Options Your operating system may also support software-based
E Hard Drive Installation and Replacement Each SCSI channel on the controller supports up to 14 drives. Drives can be of the Wide Ultra3 or Wide Ultra2 type. Each drive on a SCSI bus must have a unique ID value in the range 0 to 15 (except ID 7, which is reserved for controller use). This value is set automatically on hotpluggable drives in ProLiant servers and storage systems, but values for other drives must be set manually. • Do not terminate the drives.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement • RAID 1+0 configurations can tolerate multiple drive failures as long as no failed drives are mirrored to one another. • RAID 5 configurations can tolerate one drive failure. • RAID ADG configurations can tolerate simultaneous failure of two drives. If more hard drives fail than the fault-tolerance method allows, fault tolerance is compromised and the logical drive fails.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement Table E-1: Hard Drive Status from LED Illumination Pattern (1) Activity (2) Online (3) Fault Meaning On, off, or flashing On or off Flashing A predictive failure alert has been received for this drive. Replace the drive as soon as possible. On, off, or flashing On Off OK to replace the drive online if the array is configured for fault tolerance and all other drives in the array are online. The drive is online and configured as part of an array.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement There are several other ways to recognize that a hard drive has failed: • The amber LED lights up on the front of a storage system if failed drives are inside. (Other problems such as fan failure, redundant power supply failure, or over-temperature conditions will also cause this LED to light up.) • A Power-On Self-Test (POST) message lists failed drives whenever the system is restarted, as long as the controller detects one or more good drives.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement Procedure to Attempt Recovery When fault tolerance has been compromised, inserting replacement drives does not improve the condition of the logical volume. Instead, if your screen displays unrecoverable error messages, try the following procedure to recover data. 1. Power down the entire system, and then power it back up. In some cases, a marginal drive will work again for long enough to allow you to make copies of important files. 2.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement In general, approximately 15 minutes is required to rebuild each gigabyte. The actual rebuild time depends upon: • The level of rebuild priority that has been set for the logical drive. For details, refer to Chapter 6, “Configuring an Array.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement CAUTION: Sometimes, a drive that has previously been failed by the controller may seem to be operational after the system is power-cycled, or (for a hot-pluggable drive) after the drive has been removed and reinserted. However, continued use of such marginal drives may eventually result in data loss. Replace the marginal drive as soon as possible.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement Drive Failure During Rebuild If another drive in the array fails while fault tolerance is unavailable during rebuild, a fatal system error may occur. If this happens, all data on the array is lost. In exceptional cases, however, failure of another drive need not lead to a fatal system error.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement • Do not remove a second drive from an array until the first failed or missing drive has been replaced and the rebuild process is complete. (When the rebuild is complete, the Online LED on the front of the drive stops blinking.) There are some exceptions: — In RAID ADG configurations, any two drives in the array can be replaced simultaneously.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement IMPORTANT: There are some restrictions on moving an array: • A drive array that has been moved from a battery-backed array controller to one that is not battery-backed can no longer undergo RAID/stripe size migration, array capacity expansion, or logical drive capacity extension. • Do not move an array that is configured with RAID ADG to a controller that does not support RAID ADG.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement CAUTION: Because a data rebuild takes about 15 minutes per gigabyte, your system is unprotected against drive failure for many hours, or even days, while the rebuild is in progress. To upgrade hard drive capacity: 1. Back up all data. 2. Replace any drive. The data on the new drive is re-created from redundant information on the remaining drives. CAUTION: Do not replace any other drive until data rebuild on this drive is complete. 3.
Hard Drive Installation and Replacement + Figure E-2: Array capacity expansion The unused capacity on the enlarged array can now be used to create an additional logical drive, with a different fault-tolerance setting if necessary. Alternatively, the unused capacity can be used to increase the size of one of the original logical drives; this process is logical drive capacity extension.
F Probability of Logical Drive Failure The probability that a logical drive will fail depends on the RAID level setting. • A RAID 0 logical drive fails if only one physical drive fails. • For a RAID 1+0 logical drive, the failure situation is complex. — The maximum number of physical drives that can fail without causing failure of the logical drive is n/2, where n is the number of hard drives in the array. This maximum is reached only if no failed drive is mirrored to any other failed drive.
Probability of Logical Drive Failure Increasing likelihood of logical drive failure > > > RAID 0 RAID 5 RAID 1+0 RAID ADG 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 Total number of physical drives in array Figure F-1: Relative probability of logical drive failure F-2 HP Smart Array 5300 Controller User Guide HP CONFIDENTIAL Writer: Kimberly Koch File Name: o-appf probability of logical drive failure.
G Diagnosing Array Problems Several diagnostic tools provide feedback about problems with arrays. The most important are: • Array Diagnostics Utility (ADU) This utility can be downloaded from the HP website (http://www.hp.com/support). The meanings of the various ADU error messages are provided in the Servers Troubleshooting Guide. • Power-On Self-Test (POST) Messages Smart Array controllers produce diagnostic error messages at reboot.
Index A ACR (Array Configuration Replicator) 6-1 ACU (Array Configuration Utility) 6-3 comparison of, with other configuration utilities 6-2 limitations of 6-2 adapter board, illustrated 1-3 adapter board, installation of 8-8 ADG See RAID ADG ADU (Array Diagnostic Utility) E-4 ADU (Array Diagnostics Utility) G-1 advanced data guarding (RAID ADG) D-9 alert drive failure 1-9 predictive failure E-3 ARM (Auto-Reliability Monitoring) 1-9 array adding hard drives to E-11 defined D-3 moving E-9 online spares in D
Index location of, illustrated 1-7 recycling of A-7 replacement of 1-7, 8-4 block of data, defined D-2 board components 1-2 specifications C-1 boot controller, setting 5-1 boot straps, using B-1 C cable connectors, illustration of 3-5 cables connectors for, on board 1-2 FCC compliance statement A-4 option kit numbers for 3-7 replacement of 3-7 required types of 3-5 cabling connectors for, on controller board 1-1 instructions for 3-3 cache array accelerator 1-6 data transfer rate of 1-6 features of 1-5 ill
Index diagnostic tools G-1 dimensions of controller C-1 discharged batteries 1-7 distributed data guarding (RAID 5) D-7 drive array See array drive failure alert messages for 1-9 immediate, possible cause E-7 POST notification of E-4 probability graph F-2 replacing drive after E-7 drive mirroring (RAID 1+0) D-6 drive status LEDs E-2 drivers 7-1 duplexing, controller D-11 dynamic sector repair 1-9 E electrostatic discharge B-1 error counters E-6 error messages, POST 1-7, E-10, G-1 ESD (electrostatic discha
Index protection against D-4 recognizing E-2 replacing drive after E-7 upon replacement, possible cause E-7 hard drives adding, to array E-11 assigning SCSI ID to 3-4 failure of E-1, E-6 features of, supported E-1 hot-pluggable, using E-1 larger capacity, using, in array E-10 LEDs of E-2 minimum number of, for RAID D-10 moving E-9 replacing E-7 requirements of E-1 status lights of E-2 types of, supported E-1 upgrading capacity of E-10 heel straps, using B-1 hot spare, defined D-5 hot-plug drive duplex driv
Index minimum number of hard drives for RAID D-10 mirroring of drives D-6 mouse compliance statement A-4 moving cache 1-6 drives E-9 multiple hard drive failure D-10 N no fault tolerance (RAID 0) D-5 O offset VHDCI, illustration of 3-5 online drive capacity upgrade E-10 online spare activation of 1-9 defined D-5 limitations of D-5 support for 1-4 use of, with alternative fault-tolerance methods D-11 operating systems supported by controller 1-4 option kit part numbers for cables 3-7 options adapter board
Index rebuild description of E-5 time required for E-6 recharging batteries 1-7 recovering data, general information E-5 Recovery ROM 1-10 regulatory compliance notices A-1 replacing adapter board 8-8 array accelerator 8-1 batteries 8-4 cache 8-1 existing controller 3-2 hard drive E-7, E-8 Smart controller, restriction on 3-4 replication of array configuration 6-1 resources Array Diagnostic Utility E-4 automatic data recovery E-5 Insight Manager 1-10 restrictions on ACU use 6-2 controller port use 3-6 CPQO
Index operating systems 1-4 RAID methods 1-4 tape drives 1-4 symbols in text ix system, preventing electrostatic damage to B-1 T tape drives, support for 1-4 technical support x telephone numbers x, xi termination of SCSI bus 3-4, C-1 time needed for data rebuild E-6 troubleshooting hard drive problems E-2 resources G-1 two- to four-channel adapter board, illustrated 1-3 U unrecoverable disk error message E-4 updating the system ROM 4-1 upgrading array accelerator 8-1 cache 8-1 hard drive capacity E-10
