glossary.9 (2010 09)

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glossary(9) glossary(9)
collation sequence
The ordering sequence applied to collating elements when they are sorted. To accommodate native
languages, collation sequence can be thought of as the relative order of collating elements as set by
the current value of the
LANG environment variable. Characters can be omitted from the collation
sequence, or two or more collating elements can be given the same relative order (see string (3C)).
command
A directive to perform a particular task. HP-UX commands are executed through a command inter-
preter called a shell. HP-UX supports several shells, including the POSIX shell (sh-posix (1)), the C
shell (csh(1)), and the Korn shell (ksh(1)). See sh(1) for more information about supported shells. Most
commands are carried out by an executable file, called a utility, which might take the form of a stand-
alone unit of executable object code (a program) or a file containing a list of other programs to execute in
a given order (a shell script). Scripts can contain references to other scripts, as well as to object-code pro-
grams. A typical command consists of the utility name followed by arguments that are passed to the
utility. For example, in the command,
ls mydirectory, ls is the utility name and mydirectory is
an argument passed to the
ls utility.
command interpreter
A program which reads lines of text from standard input (typed at the keyboard or read from a file), and
interprets them as requests to execute other programs. A command interpreter for HP-UX is called a
shell. See sh(1) and related manual entries.
Command Set 1980
See CS/80.
composite graphic symbol
A graphic symbol consisting of a combination of two or more other graphic symbols in a single character
position, such as a diacritical mark and a basic letter.
control character
A character other than a graphic character that affects the recording, processing, transmission, or
interpretation of text. In the ASCII character set, control characters are those in the range 0 through
31, and 127. Control characters can be generated by holding down the control key (which may be labeled
CTRL, CONTROL, or CNTL depending on your terminal), and pressing a character key (as you would
use SHIFT). These two-key sequences are often written as, for example, Control-
D, Ctrl-D
,orˆD, where
ˆ stands for the control key.
controlling process
The session leader that establishes the connection to the controlling terminal. Should the terminal
subsequently cease to be a controlling terminal for this session, the session leader ceases to be the control-
ling process.
controlling terminal
A terminal that is associated with a session. Each session can have at most one controlling terminal asso-
ciated with it and a controlling terminal is associated with exactly one session. Certain input sequences
from the controlling terminal cause signals to be sent to all processes in the foreground process group
associated with the controlling terminal.
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
See Epoch.
CS/80, CS-80
A family of mass storage devices that communicate with the controlling computer by means of a series of
commands and data transfer protocol referred to as the CS/80 (Command Set 1980) command set. This
command set was implemented in order to provide better forward/backward compatibility between
models and generations of mass storage devices as technological advances develop. Some mass storage
devices support only a subset of the full CS/80 command set, and are usually referred to as SS/80 (Subset
1980) devices.
crash
The unexpected shutdown of a program or system. If the operating system crashes, this is a "system
crash", and requires the system to be rebooted.
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