tr.1 (2010 09)

t
tr(1) tr(1)
When [:lower:] appears in string1 and [:upper:]
appears in string2 , the
arrays contain the characters from the
toupper
mapping in the LC_CTYPE
category of the current locale. When [:upper:] appears in string1 and
[:lower:] appears in string2 , the arrays contain the characters from the
tolower mapping in the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
[=c=]or
[[=c=]]
Stands for all the characters or collating elements belonging to the same
equivalence class as c, as defined by the current setting of
LC_COLLATE locale
category. An equivalence class expression is allowed only in string1 ,orinstring2
when it is being used by the combined
-d and -s options.
[a*n] Stands for n repetitions of a. If the first digit of n is
0, n is considered octal; other-
wise, n is treated as a decimal value. A zero or missing n is interpreted as large
enough to extend string2 -based sequence to the length of the string1 -based
sequence.
The escape character
\ can be used as in the shell to remove special meaning from any character in a
string. In addition, \ followed by 1, 2, or 3 octal digits represents the character whose ASCII code is
given by those digits.
An ASCII NULL character in string1 or string2 can be represented only as an escaped character; i.e. as
\000, but is treated like other characters and translated correctly if so specified. NULL characters in
the input are not stripped out unless the option -d "\000" is given.
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES
Environment Variables
LANG provides a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. If
LANG is
unset or null, the default value of "C" (see lang(5)) is used. If any of the internationalization variables
contains an invalid setting,
tr will behave as if all internationalization variables are set to "C". See
environ (5).
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, overrides the values of all the other internationalization vari-
ables.
LC_CTYPE determines the interpretation of text as single and/or multi-byte characters, the classification
of characters as printable, and the characters matched by character class expressions in regular expres-
sions.
LC_MESSAGES determines the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic
messages written to standard error and informative messages written to standard output.
NLSPATH determines the location of message catalogues for the processing of LC_MESSAGES.
RETURN VALUE
tr exits with one of the following values:
0 All input was processed successfully.
>0 An error occurred.
EXAMPLES
For the ASCII character set and default collation sequence, create a list of all the words in file1 , one per
line in file2, where a word is taken to be a maximal string of alphabetics. Quote the strings to protect the
special characters from interpretation by the shell (012 is the ASCII code for a new-line (line feed) char-
acter):
tr -cs "[A-Z][a-z]" "[\012*]" <file1 >file2
Same as above, but for all character sets and collation sequences:
tr -cs "[:alpha:]" "[\012*]" <file1 >file2
Translate all lower case characters in file1 to upper case and write the result to standard output.
tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]" <file1
Use an equivalence class to identify accented variants of the base character e in file1, strip them of
diacritical marks and write the result to file2:
tr "[=e=]" "[e*]" <file1 >file2
2 Hewlett-Packard Company − 2 − HP-UX 11i Version 3: September 2010