iX 6.5)

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Chapter 8 131

DNS BIND/iX

Data Files

This ﬁle lists the root domain servers in human-readable format. You’ll

need to reformat it for consumption by named. Here’s what the cache ﬁle

looks like:

; Servers from the root domain

; ftp://nic.ddn.mil/netinfo/root-servers.txt

;

. 99999999 IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET

. 99999999 IN NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET

. 99999999 IN NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET

. 99999999 IN NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET

. 99999999 IN NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET

. 99999999 IN NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET

. 99999999 IN NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET

. 99999999 IN NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET

. 99999999 IN NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET

; Root servers by address

A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET 99999999 IN A 198.41.0.4

B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET 99999999 IN A 128.9.0.107

C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET 99999999 IN A 192.33.4.12

D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET 99999999 IN A 128.8.10.90

E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET 99999999 IN A 192.203.230.10

F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET 99999999 IN A 192.5.5.241

G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET 99999999 IN A 192.112.36.4

H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET 99999999 IN A 128.63.2.53

I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET 99999999 IN A 192.36.148.17

Here, the dot (.) refers to the root domain and the 99999999 means a

very long time-to-live value. The TTL value is no longer used for

caching because the data isn’t discarded if it times out, but

administrators generally keep it around because it does no harm.

Your site may not have access to the Internet or may have protected its

connection via a ﬁrewall. Often in this type of DNS conﬁguration, one

or more machines will be designated as a root server. In this case, the

cache ﬁle will contain a list of internal root servers, and not the ofﬁcial

Internet master root domain servers.

Testing Your Name Server

Perform simple checks on your name server’s health with nslookup.

This utility is standard with every TCP/IP-network-aware version of

UNIX. There are other similar tools available — see “List of Utilities”

later in this section for details.

You can ﬁnd the source code for dig at several anonymous FTP archive

sites, including:

ftp://ftp.wonderland.org/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/src/usr.sbi

n/named/dig/ for the NetBSD release. Use Archie to ﬁnd other sites.

The nslookup utility can be used interactively, much like other

programs, such as ftp. That is, if you invoke this program without