900 Series HP 3000 Computer Systems Mirrored Disk/iX User's Guide ABCDE HP Part No. 30349-90003 Printed in U.S.A.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or tness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing or use of this material.
Printing History The following table lists the printings of this document, together with the respective release dates for each edition. The software version indicates the version of the software product at the time this document was issued. Many product releases do not require changes to the document. Therefore, do not expect a one-to-one correspondence between product releases and document editions. Edition Date Software Version First Edition Second Edition April 1990 June 1992 A.40.00 B.40.
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Preface MPE/iX, Multiprogramming Executive with Integrated POSIX, is the latest in a series of forward-compatible operating systems for the HP 3000 line of computers. In HP documentation and in talking with HP 3000 users, you will encounter references to MPE XL, the direct predecessor of MPE/iX. MPE/iX is a superset of MPE XL. All programs written for MPE XL will run without change under MPE/iX.
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Conventions UPPERCASE In a syntax statement, commands and keywords are shown in uppercase characters. The characters must be entered in the order shown; however, you can enter the characters in either uppercase or lowercase.
Conventions (continued) [ ... ] In a syntax statement, horizontal ellipses enclosed in brackets indicate that you can repeatedly select the element(s) that appear within the immediately preceding pair of brackets or braces. In the example below, you can select parameter zero or more times. Each instance of parameter must be preceded by a comma: [,parameter][...
Contents 1. Introducing Mirrored Disks with Split-Volume Backup 2. Installing Mirrored Disks 3. Performing Split-Volume Backup 4. Troubleshooting What are mirrored disks? . . What is split-volume backup? Product features . . . . . . Product speci cations . . . . Product environment . . . User capabilities . . . . . Installation overview . . . . Operation overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
If a drive is DISABLED . . . . . . . . . . . . If DISCUTIL is needed . . . . . . . . . . . . If the system aborts . . . . . . . . . . . . . If JOINMIRRSET is aborted . . . . . . . . . If a source volume is missing . . . . . . . . . If a source volume fails . . . . . . . . . . . If the system aborts during JOINMIRRSET . . If a drive fails when volume set is split . . . . . If the system aborts while volume set is being split If the volumes are unavailable during JOINMIRRSET . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figures 1-1. 1-2. 2-1. 2-2. Mirrored Disks . . . . . . . . . . Split-Volume Backup . . . . . . . Sample Mirrored Disk Con guration Sample Cabinet Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-3 2-2 2-3 4-1. 5-1. 5-2. 5-3. 5-4. JOINMIRRSET Options . . . VOLUTIL Commands . . . . SHOWSET Mirrored Disk States System Commands . . . . . . DSTAT Disk States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14 5-1 5-12 5-15 5-17 Tables . . . . .
1 Introducing Mirrored Disks with Split-Volume Backup This manual is intended for users with volume management experience to provide them with the information necessary to install and maintain Hewlett-Packard Mirrored Disk/iX. Refer to the Volume Management Reference Manual (32650-90045) for additional information on volume management. What are mirrored disks? Mirrored disks are designed to provide high data availability by automatically maintaining identical information on two partner disks.
Figure 1-1.
What is split-volume backup? Split-volume or online backup uses mirrored disks to perform le backup while allowing users to continue accessing those same les. A mirrored volume set is \split" into two identical sets of data. One of the sets is used for normal access and operation, while the other is used exclusively for backup. When the backup is complete, the backup volumes are overwritten with the contents of the user volumes (which may have undergone modi cations).
Product features Mirrored Disk/iX supports the following features: High data availability Reduced downtime Disk failure recovery Resume mirroring Data consistency Product specifications Product environment User capabilities 1-4 System automatically maintains identical information on two partner disks. Users continue to access data if either disk of any pair is disabled or under repair. Users continue to access data while system performs le backup.
Installation overview Operation overview Before you can use mirrored disks, you must perform the following procedures: Use the SYSGEN utility to con gure the disks into the system. Install the disk hardware. Boot the system with the new con guration. Use the AUTOINST utility to install the mirrored disk software. Use the VOLUTIL utility to create a mirrored volume set. Move les, if necessary. Set up accounts and groups.
2 Installing Mirrored Disks This chapter describes what you must do before you can use Mirrored Disk/iX. In particular, it describes how to install mirrored disks and create a mirrored volume set. Mirrored disk installation System configuration Disk installation Installing mirrored disks consists of the following procedures: Con guring the disks into the system. Installing the disks. Booting the system with the mirrored disk con guration. Installing the mirrored disk software with the AUTOINST utility.
Figure 2-1 shows how mirrored disks can be connected to the system. Figure 2-1. Sample Mirrored Disk Configuration The above example shows four device adapter cards connected to twenty disks (ten mirrored pairs).
Figure 2-2 shows how twenty disks can be installed next to their partners in eight pack cabinets. Refer to the appropriate disk operating and installation manual for any disk cabling restrictions. Figure 2-2. Sample Cabinet Installation LDEVs 30, 31, 32, and 33 are the disks directly connected to device adapter cards. All of the other disks are chained o those disks.
System boot Mirrored disk software Setting up the mirrored volume set Initializing a mirrored volume set Boot the system with the mirrored disk con guration group. Refer to the System Startup, Con guration, and Shutdown Reference Manual (32650-90042) for more information about booting the system. The mirrored disk product is distributed on a magnetic tape. Install the tape using the AUTOINST utility described in the HP3000 MPE/iX Installation and Update Manual (36123-90001).
d 2. Start the VOLUTIL utility. 3. Use the NEWMIRRSET command to initialize the mirrored volume set PROD_SET with the master name MEMBER1 for LDEVs 30 and 31. :VOLUTIL a Mirvutil A.00.00, (C) Hewlett-Packard Co., 1989. All Rights Reserved. volutil: NEWMIRRSET PROD_SET MEMBER1 (30,31) *Verify: Initialize new volume set PROD_SET on ldev 30 and ldev 31 [Y/N]? Y c *Note: New master volume has been initialized for ldev 30 and ldev 31.
Adding volumes to a mirrored set Note To add a volume to a mirrored volume set, use the VOLUTIL NEWMIRRVOL command. The new volume must be mounted in the SCRATCH or UNKNOWN state. This example shows how to add a volume to a mirrored volume set. 1. Use the NEWMIRRVOL command to add the volume MEMBER2 to the mirrored volume set PROD_SET for LDEVs 32 and 33. If you do not specify a volume class, the default volume class DISC is added to the volume.
3. Use the VOLUTIL SHOWSET command with the new MIRROR option to display and verify volume information. d a volutil:SHOWSET PROD_SET MIRROR c Volume Name - - - - - MEMBER1 MEMBER1 MEMBER2 MEMBER2 Vol Status - - - - - MASTER MASTER MEMBER MEMBER Mirr Status - - - - - NORMAL NORMAL NORMAL NORMAL Ldev - - 30 31 32 33 Mirr ldev - - - - 31 30 33 32 b This screen shows that there are four mirrored disks operating normally. 4.
Using mirrored disks Once mirrored disks have been installed and set up, they operate just like any other disks connected to the system. The system automatically recognizes the mirrored volume set after the volumes have been added to a mirrored volume set, upon the power on of the disk drive or the boot of the system. Note 2-8 Installing Mirrored Disks In order to access mirrored volumes, the MASTER volumes of the mirrored volume set must be mounted.
3 Performing Split-Volume Backup This chapter describes how to use mirrored disks to perform split-volume backup. Split-Volume backup requirements Split-volume backup can proceed only if all of the following requirements are met: The volume set must have been previously initialized as a mirrored volume set through the VOLUTIL utility. The volume set must be a nonsystem volume set. Currently, only nonsystem volume sets can be mirrored.
Splitting a mirrored set Note This example shows how to perform step 1 of split-volume backup, splitting a mirrored set. 1. All users of the volume set must initially be logged o before a split-volume backup can be performed. Notify users of the volume set that they need to log o . If you do not want to log o the system, make sure that you are not logged on to the mirrored volume set that you want to back up. You can use the CHGROUP command to switch to another volume set.
4. Use the VSOPEN command to make the volume set available. Both user volumes and backup volumes will attempt to be mounted. Note If either of them has been taken o ine, the command only mounts the available volume set half.
d :VSOPEN PROD_SET a PROD_SET SPLIT USER VOLUME MOUNTED ON LDEV 32 (AVR 23) PROD_SET SPLIT BACKUP VOLUME MOUNTED ON LDEV 33 (AVR 24) c b After the volume set is placed online using the VSOPEN command, it is mounted and available for use. Note Once a volume set has been taken o ine with a VSCLOSE command, it can only be mounted with a VSOPEN command, not by bringing it online. 5. Notify users that the volume set is available. 6.
Backing up disk files to tape This example shows how to perform step 2 of split-volume backup, using the STORE command to back up mirrored disk les to magnetic tape. 1. Use the FILE command to specify that a tape drive will be used as the output device. 2. Use the STORE command with SPLITVS to start storing the les. The SHOW option is used to display the les that have been stored to tape. d c :FILE T; DEV=TAPE :STORE @.@.
Joining the volume set Note This example shows how to perform step 3 of split-volume backup, joining the volume set. 1. Use the new VOLUTIL command JOINMIRRSET to join the user and backup halves of a split volume set to make them mirrored again. After the volume set is joined, a repair starts using the volumes that were speci ed by the source parameter as the source volumes.
Restoring files from a backup tape Since the tape produced by a split-volume backup is identical in format to that of a normal STORE command, no changes in operation are required to restore the les from tape. Follow the procedures for restoring les from a backup tape as described in the Performing System Operating Tasks (32650-90137) manual.
4 Troubleshooting This chapter describes disk repair, how to recover from disk failures, nonrecoverable conditions, and troubleshooting procedures. Disk repair is a mirrored disk operation that copies data from the good drive to the bad drive to bring a mirrored pair to a consistent state without interrupting applications accessing the volume set. After the repair operation is completed, normal mirroring resumes.
Drives that are staged (awaiting repair) transition to the repair state in order of mounting. If the maximum number of repairs is taking place, subsequent pairs that mount and get staged are serviced in the order that they are mounted. Note Any disk pair that has one partner go DISABLED, (and has a REPLACEMIRRVOL command issued), always begins an immediate repair and is not staged. You can use the VOLUTIL SHOWSET command to display volumes involved in the repair process. d a :VOLUTIL Mirvutil A.00.
The following disk failures will now be described along with their recovery procedures: Drives that do not mount at system start. Drives that are disabled after they have mounted. Disk failures Disk mounting failure The system automatically mounts a mirrored volume set after volumes have been added to a mirrored volume set, upon power on of the disk drive or the boot of the system. When a mirrored volume set is mounted, it is possible that one or more mirrored partners may be missing or not responding.
4. Use the DSTAT command to verify that LDEV 32's partner did not mount. d a :DSTAT c LDEV-TYPE STATUS _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30- 079370 MASTER-MD 31- 079370 MASTER-MD 32- 079370 *PENDING-MD VOLUME (VOLUME SET - GEN) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MEMBER1 (PROD_SET-0) MEMBER1 (PROD_SET-0) MEMBER2 (PROD_SET-0) b The previous screen shows that MEMBER2 is waiting (PENDING) for the mount of its partner (which is not even listed).
6. After you have suspended a mirrored volume, use the SHOWSET command with the MIRROR parameter to verify that the volume can be accessed and is in the SUSPEND-MIRR state. d a volutil:SHOWSET PROD_SET MIRROR Volume Name - - - - - MEMBER1 MEMBER1 MEMBER2 c Vol Status - - - - - MASTER MASTER MEMBER Mirr Status Ldev - - - - - - - - NORMAL 30 NORMAL 31 SUSPEND-MIRR 32 Mirr ldev - - - - 31 30 * b The previous screen shows that the MEMBER2 volume is available and does not have a mirrored partner. 7.
Example: Replacing a disk that did not mount This example shows how to replace a disk that did not mount at system start. 1. Use the DSTAT command to verify that the new volume can be initialized (SCRATCH or UNKNOWN status). If you need to scratch the volume and it does not contain any data that you want to save, use the SCRATCHVOL command. Note The new volume must be mounted in the SCRATCH or UNKNOWN state. It does not need to have the same LDEV or I/O path as the disk that did not mount.
3. Use the SHOWSET command to verify that MEMBER2 is under repair. d a volutil: SHOWSET PROD_SET MIRROR c Volume Name - - - - - MEMBER1 MEMBER1 MEMBER2 MEMBER2 Vol Status - - - - - MASTER MASTER MEMBER MEMBER Mirr Status Ldev - - - - - - - - NORMAL 30 NORMAL 31 REPAIR-SRCE 32 REPAIR-DEST 33 Mirr ldev - - - - 31 30 33 32 b The above screen shows that LDEV 33 (REPAIR-DEST) is being repaired by LDEV 32 (REPAIR-SRCE). Programs and data residing on MEMBER2 are available while repairs are taking place.
Disk failure after mounting The system automatically recovers from a failure of a single disk that is a partner of a mirrored pair during normal mirrored operation. Normal mirrored operation means that both partners are fully mounted and no repair operation is taking place.
3. Use the DSTAT command to show that LDEV 32 has failed and is no longer available. d a :DSTAT c LDEV-TYPE _ _ _ _ _ _ 30- 079370 31- 079370 32- 079370 33- 079370 STATUS VOLUME (VOLUME SET - GEN) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MASTER-MD MEMBER1 (PROD_SET-0) MASTER-MD MEMBER1 (PROD_SET-0) *DISABLED-MD MEMBER2 (PROD_SET-0) MEMBER-MD MEMBER2 (PROD_SET-0) b 4. Use the SHOWSET command to con rm that LDEV 32 is disabled and that LDEV 33 is functioning in a NON-MIRROR state.
Example: Replacing a disabled disk This example shows how to replace a disk in the DISABLED state. 1. Use the DSTAT command to verify that the new volume mounts in the DISABLED state and has the same LDEV as the previous volume that was disabled. d a :VOLUTIL Mirvutil A.00.00, (C) Hewlett-Packard Co., 1990. All Rights Reserved.
3. You can use the SHOWSET command to verify that MEMBER2 is under repair. d a volutil: SHOWSET PROD_SET MIRROR Volume Name - - - - - MEMBER1 MEMBER1 MEMBER2 MEMBER2 c Troubleshooting If a device adapter card's drive fails Vol Status - - - - - MASTER MASTER MEMBER MEMBER Mirr Status Ldev - - - - - - - - NORMAL 30 NORMAL 31 REPAIR-SRCE 32 REPAIR-DEST 33 Mirr ldev - - - - 31 30 33 32 This section describes troubleshooting information for the following conditions: Device adapter card drive failure.
If a drive is DISABLED If DISCUTIL is needed Note A drive could be marked DISABLED simply because of a time out (over two minutes) due to loss of power to the drive, or a read/write error that is correctable by sparing (recovering defective disk sectors). Before replacing the drive, issue a REPLACEMIRRVOL command on the disabled drive, assuming that it is powered on and responding. If it again goes DISABLED, contact your support personnel.
If a source volume fails After the JOINMIRRSET command has proceeded to the point of starting repairs, if any of the source volumes incur a disk failure before the repair completes, the entire volume set must be reloaded. This situation can be noted by the occurrence of a disk failure on a volume for which VOLUTIL did not print an \absent" message. The join cannot be retried with the other volume set half as the source volumes since they have already been used as the destination volumes.
If the volumes are unavailable during JOINMIRRSET The JOINMIRRSET command matches volumes from user and backup split-volume sets that were previously mirrored partners, and starts a repair in the direction speci ed by the SOURCE parameter. Ideally, all user volumes and backup volumes belonging to the original volume set are mounted; however, volumes may be unavailable for a variety of reasons: disk error, power failure, user error.
Table 4-1. JOINMIRRSET Options (continued) SOURCE= Description All users of the volume set must be logged o . Volumes with partners start repairing, and backup volumes with missing partners go mirror PENDING. Veri cation is requested. SOURCE=BACKUP (One or more user volumes missing) *Warning: User volume MEMBER2 is absent. *Verify: User volume set changes will be lost, continue [Y/N]? *Note: Volume MEMBER1 on ldev 34 and ldev 36 will be joined.
Note When you use backup volumes as the source of the join and repair, the changes that were made to the user volumes during the backup are lost. For example, a le that was created after the volume set was split, does not exist on the volume set after the join. 2. Inform users that they must be logged o the volume set before this type of join can be requested. d c : TELL @ LOGOFF NOW FOR JOIN 3. Invoke VOLUTIL. 4. Use the JOINMIRRSET command with SOURCE=BACKUP . d :VOLUTIL a b a Mirvutil A.00.
d a :VOLUTIL Mirvutil A.00.00, (C) Hewlett-Packard Co., 1990. All Rights Reserved. volutil:SHOWSET PROD_SET MIRROR Volume Name - - - - - MEMBER1 MEMBER1 MEMBER2 c Vol Status - - - - - MASTER MASTER MEMBER Mirr Status Ldev - - - - - - - - REPAIR-DEST 30 REPAIR-SRCE 31 PENDING 32 Mirr ldev - - - - 31 30 * 9. Since the user volume LDEV 33 was missing, its partner is placed in the PENDING state after the join.
If a drive fails during the repair operation Whenever there is an unexpected failure that necessitates a rebooting of the system, or when a split-volume set is joined into a mirrored volume set, all mirrored pairs undergo a repair process. This is necessary to guarantee the consistency of the disks. During the repair operation, one disk is copied to the other. If the source disk fails during this period, there is no way to recover from it without restoring the les from tape.
5 Mirrored Disk Commands Disk mirroring uses two types of commands: VOLUTIL utility commands and system commands. All of the VOLUTIL and system commands used with mirrored disks are described in this chapter. The VOLUTIL commands are described rst, followed by the system commands. The VOLUTIL and system commands can be input in uppercase or lowercase. VOLUTIL command summary The following table lists all of the VOLUTIL commands used with mirrored disks. Table 5-1.
The new VOLUTIL JOINMIRRSET command joins a mirrored volume set that was previously split through the VSCLOSE ;SPLIT command. It also starts a repair in the direction speci ed by the SOURCE parameter. Ideally, all user volumes and backup volumes belonging to the original volume set are mounted; however, volumes may be unavailable for a variety of reasons: disk error, power failure, operator error. Refer to \Troubleshooting," in chapter 4 of this manual.
JOINMIRRSET Example This example shows how to use the VOLUTIL JOINMIRRSET command.
The NEWMIRRSET command creates a new mirrored volume set by initializing the master of the volume set. NEWMIRRSET The volume that will be initialized as the new volume master must be mounted in the SCRATCH or UNKNOWN state. Task Creates a mirrored volume set. Syntax volutil: NEWMIRRSET [SNAME=]sname [MASTER=]master [LDEVS=](ldev,ldev) [ [PERM=]percent perm][ [TRANS=]percent trans] [ [GEN=]gen number] [ [CLASSES=]( cname[ [,cname]...
NEWMIRRSET gen number cname Example d A number from 0 to 32,767 that speci es the generation of the new volume set. Default is 0. Optional. The names of volume classes to be initially created in the volume set. The MASTER volume (volume being initialized) is assigned to these classes. If this parameter is omitted, the volume class DISC is created and the MASTER volume is assigned to it. Optional. This example shows how to use the VOLUTIL NEWMIRRSET command.
The NEWMIRRVOL command adds a new member volume to an existing mirrored volume set. NEWMIRRVOL The volume that will be initialized as the new volume member must be mounted in the SCRATCH or UNKNOWN state. Task Adds volumes to a mirrored volume set. Syntax NEWMIRRVOL [VNAME=]sname:vname [LDEVS=](ldev,ldev) [ [PERM=]percent perm ][ [TRANS=]percent trans] [ [CLASSES=]( cname[ [,cname]...
NEWMIRRVOL Example Note d This example shows how to use the VOLUTIL NEWMIRRVOL command. If you do not specify a volume class, the default volume class DISC is added to the volume. The \:" needs to be speci ed in this command. a volutil: NEWMIRRVOL PROD_SET:MEMBER2 (32,33) *Verify: Initialize new member volume on ldev 32 and ldev 33 [Y/N]? Y c *Note: New member volume has been initialized for ldev 32 and ldev 33.
REPLACEMIRRVOL The REPLACEMIRRVOL command is used when a partner of a mirrored pair has su ered a failure and mirroring has been disabled. This command is also used to add a partner to a drive that is in the SUSPENDMIRR state because the operator issued a SUSPENDMIRRVOL command. This command initializes the new partner volume and begins the repair process on it. This process takes place without interruption to applications accessing the volume set.
REPLACEMIRRVOL d c To initialize LDEV 33 as the new mirrored disk partner of LDEV 32, use the following command: volutil: REPLACEMIRRVOL PROD_SET:MEMBER2 33 a b The system now recognizes (mounts) the replaced volume, resumes disk mirroring, and starts the repair process.
The VOLUTIL SHOWSET command is used to display information about a particular volume set. The master volume of the volume set must be mounted in the MASTER state as displayed by the DSTAT command. SHOWSET Task Displays volume set information.
SHOWSET Example This example shows how to use the VOLUTIL SHOWSET command. d a volutil:SHOWSET ADMIN_SET MIRROR c Volume Name - - - - - MEMBER1 MEMBER1 Vol Status - - - - - MASTER MASTER Mirr Status - - - - - USER BACKUP Ldev - - 30 31 Mirr ldev - - - - * * Since the volume set is split, the \Mirr Ldev" eld is not valid and displays \*"s. The previous partner volume may or may not be mounted on the system.
SHOWSET Table 5-2. SHOWSET Mirrored Disk States States 5-12 Mirrored Disk Commands Description Volume Available? NORMAL Disks being mirrored. Yes PENDING Partner did not mount upon system startup or VSOPEN. No DISABLED Disk failure after volume mounted. No, but partner is. NON-MIRROR Yes Disk does not have mirrored partner. Partner went disabled after mounting. SUSPEND-MIRROR Yes Disk does not have mirrored partner because partner did not mount and operator issued a SUSPENDMIRRVOL command.
SUSPENDMIRRVOL SUSPENDMIRRVOL Caution Task Syntax Parameters The SUSPENDMIRRVOL command is used when one partner of a mirrored pair is not mounted and access to the mounted volume is desired anyway. This command tells the system to proceed without mirroring on the mounted volume. Care must be taken when using SUSPENDMIRRVOL to ensure that the PENDING disk is good. This command forces the system to mount and use this drive.
SUSPENDMIRRVOL Example This example shows how to use the SUSPENDMIRRVOL command. 1. Use the DSTAT command to nd out which volumes are mounted. LDEV 32 mounted in the PENDING state because its partner did not mount. d c :DSTAT LDEV-TYPE STATUS VOLUME (VOLUME SET - GEN) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30- 079370 MASTER-MD MEMBER1 (PROD_SET-0) 31- 079370 MASTER-MD MEMBER1 (PROD_SET-0) 32- 079370 *PENDING-MD MEMBER2 (PROD_SET-0) a b 2.
System command summary The following system commands have been changed to include mirrored disks. They are described in this section. Table 5-3. System Commands Command Task DSTAT Displays disk information. STORE Backs up disk les to tape. VSCLOSE Closes a volume set and takes it o ine. VSOPEN Opens a volume set and makes it available for use.
The DSTAT command displays the current status of the disk drives on the system. DSTAT Syntax Parameter DSTAT ldev ALL Example d c ldev ALL One number from 1 to 999 that speci es the logical device that is to be displayed. It must identify one unique device con gured into the device class DISC. Optional. Lists all of the disks connected to the system including the system volumes. Optional.
DSTAT The following table describes DSTAT disk states and whether data can be accessed on a volume in that state. Table 5-4. DSTAT Disk States State Description Accessible? MASTER A volume in this state is the master volume of a Yes volume set. In order for the system to recognize the volume set, the master volume must be mounted. MEMBER A volume in this state belongs to a volume set whose master is mounted. If the master is not mounted, the volume is in the LONER state.
DSTAT Table 5-4. DSTAT Disk States (continued) State 5-18 Description Accessible? LONER A volume is in the LONER state when its master No is not mounted, or when the volume set is closed by the VSCLOSE command. SCRATCH A volume in the SCRATCH state can be initialized. It may contain data, but by scratching the volume, the user has indicated that the data is no longer needed. UNKNOWN A volume in the UNKNOWN state does not have a No label that the system can recognize.
STORE The STORE command is the MPE system backup utility. The SPLITVS option can be used to concurrently back up the les on a mirrored volume set onto a magnetic tape. STORE The STORE command accesses one part of the split set called the backup part , while the user part is still available for general usage. Users can read, write, create, or delete les on the user half of the volume set while the backup media is concurrently produced from the backup half.
STORE Parameters lesetlist Speci es a list or set of les to be stored. Default is @. The syntax is: lesetitem[, lesetitem] [...] [, lesetitem] lesetitem leset A le set or an indirect le name. An indirect lename is a le name that may be backreferenced to a disk le. This le can include both the le sets and options for the STORE command. Speci es a set of les to be stored. All les that match lestostore are stored unless the le also matches a lesnottostore set.
STORE A set name included for the ONVS option can not be speci ed for the SPLITVS option; however, SPLITVS and ONVS both can be used in the same STORE command with di erent volume set names. The SPLITVS option also provides the ability to restrict or enhance the creation of directory information on the STORE tape. If the DIRECTORY option is speci ed in conjunction with the SPLITVS option, only the accounting structures on the speci ed split-volume sets are stored.
STORE DIRECTORY Speci es that the le system directory is to be stored. Requires OP or SM capability. If the ONVS or SPLITVS option is not speci ed, then DIRECTORY defaults to dumping the system directory; otherwise, directories of the speci ed volume sets are dumped. This provides operators and system managers with a method of completely dumping or copying the account structure of nonsystem volume sets. This option overrides default le sets.
STORE Note SPLITVS Example Since the STORE TRANSPORT option is not supported, a split-volume backup tape can only be restored on a Series 900 system. This example shows how to store the les on a split-volume set called SPLIT_SET_A : d c ONVS Example This example shows how to store the les on VOLUME_SET_A. d c STORE Example :STORE @.@.@; *TAPE; SPLITVS=SPLIT_SET_A a b a b :STORE @.@.
The VSCLOSE command closes the speci ed volume set and takes it o ine. The PARTVS parameter and the SPLIT option have been added to support split-volume backup. VSCLOSE In order to close a volume set, all users must have stopped accessing les on that volume set. Note The NOW option cannot be speci ed with the SPLIT option. The VSCLOSE command with the SPLIT option proceeds only if the les on the volume set are not being accessed. If there are open les, the volume set cannot be split.
VSCLOSE PARTVS NOW SPLIT This parameter is only applicable to a previously split-volume set. It noti es the system which split-volume set half is to be closed. USER Close only the user volumes. BACKUP Close only the backup volumes. If PARTVS is not speci ed, both volume set halves are closed. If PARTVS is speci ed for a nonsplit-volume set, an error is returned, and the volume set is not closed. This option cannot be used with the SPLIT option.
The VSOPEN command tells the system to open the speci ed volume set. The volume set becomes available for use again. Since bringing a volume set online opens the set (by default), this command is needed only for a volume set for which a VSCLOSE command has been issued. The PARTVS parameter has been added to support split-volume backup. VSOPEN A default VSOPEN of a split-volume set attempts to open both volume set halves.
A Quick Start Procedures This appendix shows in minimum detail how to perform the following procedures: Create a mirrored volume set. Add members to a mirrored volume set. Back up les. Suspend mirroring on a pending volume. Replace a disk that did not mount. Replace a disk that failed after mounting. Create a mirrored volume set 1. Invoke VOLUTIL. 2. Initialize a SCRATCH or UNKNOWN volume as MEMBER1 of the mirrored volume set PROD_SET for LDEVS 30 and 31: d a :VOLUTIL Mirvutil A.00.
Add members to a mirrored volume set d 1. Add a SCRATCH or UNKNOWN volume as MEMBER2 to the mirrored volume set PROD_SET for LDEVS 32 and 33 using a \:" between the set and volume name: volutil: NEWMIRRVOL PROD_SET:MEMBER2 (32,33) a *Verify: Initialize new member volume on ldev 32 and ldev 33 [Y/N]? Y *Note: New member volume has been initialized for ldev 32 and ldev 33.
3. Notify users that the volume set is available for use: d a :VSOPEN PROD_SET PROD_SET SPLIT USER VOLUME MOUNTED ON LDEV 32 (AVR 23) PROD_SET SPLIT BACKUP VOLUME MOUNTED ON LDEV 33 (AVR 24) c Note :TELL @ SYSTEM IS AVAILABLE NOW b Once a volume set has been taken o ine with a VSCLOSE command, it can only be mounted with a VSOPEN command, not by bringing it online. 4. Use the STORE command with the SPLITVS parameter to back up the volume set.
6. Use the JOINMIRRSET command to join the user and backup halves of a split volume set to make them mirrored again. After the volume set is joined, a repair starts using the volumes that were speci ed by the source parameter as the source volumes. d :VOLUTIL a Mirvutil A.00.00, (C) Hewlett-Packard Co., 1990. All Rights Reserved.
Suspend mirroring on a PENDING d 1. Reply to the console message. 2. Invoke VOLUTIL: volume ?09:09/22/ACKNOWLEDGE MIRRORED PARTNER MISSING FOR LDEV# 32[Y/N]? a :REPLY 22,Y :VOLUTIL Mirvutil A.00.00, (C) Hewlett-Packard Co., 1990. All Rights Reserved. c d c volutil: b 3. Use the VOLUTIL SUSPENDMIRRVOL command to suspend mirroring on LDEV 32 for MEMBER2 of the mirrored volume set PROD_SET. 4.
Replace a disk that failed after mounting d 1. Reply to the console message. 2. Invoke VOLUTIL: ?09:09/22/ACKNOWLEDGE MIRRORED PARTNER DISABLED ON LDEV# 32[Y/N]? a :REPLY 22,Y :VOLUTIL Mirvutil A.00.00, (C) Hewlett-Packard Co., 1990. All Rights Reserved. c volutil: b 3. Physically replace the drive that failed. 4.
Glossary account A collection of users and groups. Each account has a unique name on the system. It is the method used to organize a system's users and les and to allocate use of system resources such as central processor time, online connect time, and le space. Accounts are the principal billing entity for the use of these resources. Every user must specify an account to access the system. backup The process that duplicates computer data to o ine media, such as magnetic tape.
data recovery The process of using DISCUTIL to recover data from disks that cannot be used by the operating system. DISABLED A mirrored disk state where a disk has failed and is no longer being used. When this occurs, the operator is noti ed by a console message. disk repair In mirrored disks, disk repair refers to the copying of data from one good disk to its partner (bad disk).
logical device number (LDEV) An LDEV number is assigned to all hardware components of a computer system and is used for identi cation purposes. LONER A duplicate of a member volume currently online or a volume recognized by MPE as a member volume but without a master volume online. The VSCLOSE command puts all master and member volumes of a set in the LONER state. master volume A master volume is the only volume needed to de ne a volume set.
nonremovable disks Disks that cannot be removed from the disk drive. nonsystem volumes Nonsystem or mountable volumes are member volumes of a volumes set. They do not need to be mounted for the operating system to run. NORMAL A mirrored disk state where two mirrored partner disks are operating, and one is not being repaired. online A system state that means the system is available for use. A split-volume backup occurs while the system is available.
split-volume set A mirrored volume set that has been \split" into user volumes and backup volumes by the VSOPEN command to prepare for online backup. SUSPEND-MIRR A mirrored disk state where a disk does not have a partner and is not functioning as a mirrored disk. system abort See crash. system disk The disk volume, mounted as logical device 1. It contains MPE, I/O con guration information, the accounting structure and le directory, and utilities and subsystems.
volume failure See disk failure. volume management A facility of MPE used to manage disk storage using volumes, volume sets, and volume classes. volume set A set of volumes containing one master volume and up to 255 member volumes. volume states The states that a volume can exist on a system. Accessible: MASTER and MEMBER. Inaccessible: LONER, UNKNOWN, and SCRATCH.
Index A B C D account setup, 2-7 adding volumes to a mirrored set, 2-6 adding volumes to a volume set, 5-6 availability of data, 1-4 backing up a mirrored set, 3-1 requirements, 3-1 backing up les, 3-5 backup volumes, 3-2 BULDACCT/iX utility, 2-7 capabilities, 1-4 command DSTAT, 2-4, 2-6, 5-16 JOINMIRRSET, 3-6, 5-2 NEWMIRRSET, 2-4, 2-5, 5-4, 5-5 NEWMIRRVOL, 2-6, 5-6 RELPACEMIRRVOL, 5-8 REPLACEMIRRVOL, 4-1, 4-5, 4-6, 4-10, 4-11, 5-9 SHOWSET, 4-5, 5-10 STORE, 3-5, 5-19 SUSPENDMIRRVOL, 4-4, 4-17, 5-13 syst
recovery, 1-4, 4-1 disk failure after mounting recovery, 4-8 disk mirroring, 1-4 disk mounting failure, 4-3 recovery, 4-3 disk repair, 4-1, 4-5, 4-6, 4-11, 5-9 maximum, 3-6 staging, 4-2 disk state SCRATCH, 2-4, 4-5 UNKNOWN, 2-4, 4-5 disk status, 4-4, 4-6, 4-9 DSTAT command, 2-4, 2-6 description, 5-16 system command, 5-16 F G I J L Index-2 le backing up, 3-5 moving, migration, 2-8 restore from backup tape, 3-7 le backup, 1-3 le migration, 2-7 group setup, 2-7 initialization error, 2-5, 2-6 initialize v
M N MASTER-MD state, 5-17 MASTER-SB state, 5-17 MASTER state, 5-17 MASTER-SU state, 5-17 master volume, 2-4 mounting, 2-8 MEMBER-MD state, 5-17 MEMBER-SB state, 5-17 MEMBER state, 5-17 MEMBER-SU state, 5-17 member volume, 2-6 mirrored disk features, 1-4 data consistency, 1-4 disk failure recovery, 1-4 disk mirroring, 1-4 high data availability, 1-4 resume mirroring, 1-4 mirrored disks, 1-1 capabilities, 1-4 environment, 1-4 installation, 2-1 overview, 1-1 recommendations, 1-4 requirements, 1-4 mirrored di
disk fails during repair, 4-18 misuse of SUSPENDMIRRVOL command, 4-18 modifying a disk, 4-18 software error, 4-18 nonsystem volumes, 1-4 normal operation, 4-8 NORMAL state, 5-12 O P Q R S Index-4 online backup, 1-3 option SPLIT, 3-2 PENDING state, 4-3, 4-4, 5-12 quick start procedures add members to a mirrored volume set, A-2 back up les, A-2 create a mirrored volume set, A-1 replace a disk that did not mount, A-5 replace a disk that failed after mounting, A-6 suspend mirroring on a PENDING volume, A-
description, 5-13 VOLUTIL, 5-13 SYSGEN, 2-1 system command DSTAT, 5-16 STORE, 3-5, 5-19 VSCLOSE, 5-24 VSCLOSE with SPLIT option, 3-2 VSOPEN, 5-26 system commands, 1-4 used with mirrored disks, 5-15 system crash, 4-1 system dump, 4-12 system volume set, 2-8 T U V tasks adding volumes to a volume set, 5-6 brings online after a VSCLOSE, 5-26 closes a volume set, 5-24 creating a volume set, 5-4 disk backup, 5-19 display disk information, 5-16 displaying volume information, 5-10 replacing volumes in a volume
backup, 5-19 bringing online after a VSCLOSE, 5-26 closes a volume set, 5-24 creating, 5-4 display, 2-7 display information, 5-16 displaying information, 5-10 joining the volume set, 3-6 master, 2-8 member, 2-6 mounting, 2-8 name, 2-5 replacing a volume, 5-8 splitting for backup, 3-2 suspend mirroring, 5-13 volume set information table (VSIT), 5-6 volume status, 2-7, 4-5, 4-7, 4-9, 4-11 VOLUTIL commands, 5-1 mirrored disk command summary, 5-1 VOLUTIL command JOINMIRRSET, 3-6, 5-2 NEWMIRRSET, 2-4, 2-5, 5-4,
