30 830 01 a ,.$ WERKE ,.$® Calorimeter System C 2000 EDVLF C 2000 FRQWURO 23(5$7,1* ,16758&7,216 Vers. 04 08.07 Reg.-No.
&( ± .21)250,7b76(5./b581* '( Wir erklären in alleiniger Verantwortung, dass dieses Produkt den Bestimmungen der Richtlinien 89 / 336 / EG und 2006 / 95 EG entspricht und mit folgenden Normen und normativen Dokumenten übereinstimmt: DIN EN IEC 61 010-1 und DIN EN IEC 61 326-1.
([SODQDWLRQ RI V\PEROV This symbol identifies information WKDW LV RI DEVROXWH LPSRUWDQFH WR HQVXUH \RXU KHDOWK DQG VDIHW\ Failure to observe this information may be detrimental to your health or may result in injuries. This symbol identifies information WKDW LV RI LPSRUWDQW WR HQVXUH SUREOHP IUHH WHFKQLFDO RSHUDWLRQ RI WKH GHYLFH Failure to observe this information may result in damage to the calorimeter system.
3DJH , &RQWHQWV 3DJH )RU \RXU VDIHW\ 8VHU QRWHV 2.1 User notes on the Operating Instructions ....................................... 2-1 2.2 Warranty ....................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Warranty claims and liability .............................................
&RQWHQWV 3DJH , 3UHSDULQJ DQG SHUIRUPLQJ PHDVXUHPHQWV 7.1 Notes on calibration ...................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Notes on the sample ..................................................................... 7-2 7.3 Preparing the measurement........................................................... 7-4 7.4 Performing the measurement......................................................... 7-8 7.
3DJH )RU \RXU VDIHW\ In order to be able to use the appliance properly and safely, every user must first read the operating instructions and observe the safety instructions contained therein. Take care of these operating instructions and keep them in a place where they can be accessed by everyone.
)RU \RXU VDIHW\ 3DJH R[\JHQ When working with oxygen, observe the appropriate requirements. Danger warning: As a compressed gas, oxygen promotes combustion, supports combustion intensively and may react violently with combustible substances. 'R QRW XVH DQ\ RLO RU JUHDVH Keep all gas lines and screw connections that carry oxygen free from grease. Observe the accident prevention requirements applicable to the activity and the work station.
3DJH GHILQLWLRQ RI SHUVRQ ZLWK SURIHVVLRQDO WUDLQLQJ A person with professional training as defined in these operating instructions is someone 1. whose training, knowledge and experience gained through practical activities ensures that that person will perform the tests in a proper manner. 2. who is sufficiently reliable 3. who is not subject to any instructions in terms of testing activity 4. who is equipped with suitable testing equipment if necessary 5.
IKA-WERKE C 2000 basic / control Ver. 04 08.
3DJH 8VHU QRWHV 8VHU QRWHV RQ WKH 2SHUDWLQJ ,QVWUXFWLRQV In this chapter you can find out how to work through these Operating Instructions most effectively to be able to work reliably with the calorimeter system.
8VHU QRWHV 3DJH :DUUDQW\ FODLPV DQG OLDELOLW\ Please read these Operating Instructions carefully and in their entirety.
3DJH • Operating mode based on the isoperibolic or dynamic principle At 25°C or 30°C (the beginning temperature of the water in the inner vessel) depending on the cooling water temperature (see Chapter 4.3).
IKA-WERKE C 2000 basic / control Ver. 04 08.
3-1 3DJH 7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ VWRUDJH DQG VHW XS ORFDWLRQ 7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ DQG VWRUDJH UHTXLUHPHQWV During transportation and storage, the system must be protected against mechanical jarring, vibrations, accumulations of dust and corrosive ambient air. Care should also be taken so that the relative humidity does not exceed 80%. The device must be completely emptied before being stored and transported.
7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ VWRUDJH DQG VHW XS ORFDWLRQ 3DJH 8QSDFNLQJ Please unpack the system components carefully and check closely for any damage. It is important to recognize any damage that occurred during shipping while you are unpacking. If damage has occurred, you will need to make a written assessment of the damage and send it to us by mail, rail or special delivery.
3DJH 'HVFULSWLRQ RI WKH V\VWHP FRPSRQHQWV & EDVLF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 & EDVLF 9 Control panel Keyboard Display Electronics unit Measuring cell Temperature sensor Oxygen filling device Decomposition vessel (Accessory, please order seperately) Measuring cell cover The control panel is the operating and display unit for the system. Commands and experiment parameters are entered in dialog mode via the keyboard; visual control takes place through the display.
'HVFULSWLRQ RI WKH V\VWHP FRPSRQHQWV 3DJH The calorimetric experiment, which entails combustion of the fuel sample under precisely defined conditions, takes place in the measuring cell.
3DJH & FRQWURO & FRQWURO A measuring cell or control panel (control) is not a unit capable of functionality unless it is combined with a PC and CalWin® control software. The phases of the measuring process are controlled and monitored by means of the PC software. The visualization appears on the monitor of the corresponding PC and data input can take place via the interfaces of the peripheral devices or the PC keyboard.
'HVFULSWLRQ RI WKH V\VWHP FRPSRQHQWV 3DJH &RROLQJ The C 2000 calorimeter does not have its own cooler unit. The system can optionally be operated with a standard commercial cooler or thermostat with water filling (for example the IKA KV 500) or can be connected to a cooling water line. For thermostat operating mode, only water with a stabilizer additive (for example Aqua-Pro) should be used. Do not use distilled or deionized water. The control range is limited in terms of control quality.
3DJH &DORULPHWULF PHDVXUHPHQWV 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ RI JURVV FDORULILF YDOXH Combustion processes take place in a calorimeter under defined conditions. For this purpose, the decomposition vessel is coated with a weighed out quantity of fuel sample, the fuel sample is ignited, and the increase in temperature of the calorimeter system is measured.
&DORULPHWULF PHDVXUHPHQWV 3DJH For information on the fundamental principles of calculation for gross calorific value and heat value, please refer to the applicable standards (for example: DIN 51 900; ASTM D 240; ASTM D 1989). &RUUHFWLRQV As determined by the system, during a combustion experiment, not only is heat generated from the combustion of the sample, but heat also occurs in the form of extraneous energy.
3DJH DFLG FRUUHFWLRQ Almost all substances to be analyzed contain sulfur and nitrogen. Under the conditions that prevail during calorimetric measurements, sulfur and nitrogen undergo combustion and form SO2, SO3 and NOx. Sulfuric and nitric acid arise in combination with the water resulting from combustion and humidity. Heat of solution is also generated. To obtain the standard gross calorific value, the effect of the heat of solution on the gross calorific value is corrected.
&DORULPHWULF PHDVXUHPHQWV 3DJH &DOLEUDWLRQ To ensure precise, reproducible results of the measurement, the calorimeter system is calibrated after it is initially placed in service, after service jobs, after parts are replaced and at specific time intervals. During calibration, the heat capacity of the calorimeter system is redetermined.
3DJH 6HW XS DQG FRPPLVVLRQLQJ You have unpacked the components of the C 2000 calorimeter system and they are located where they will be set up (see Chapter 3, Section 3.2, “Set-up location”). Now perform the following steps: 6HW XS All connections for the supply lines and peripheral devices are located on the rear side of the device.
6HW XS DQG FRPPLVVLRQLQJ 3DJH d &RQQHFWLQJ WKH ZDWHU VXSSO\ 1 2 3 4 handle blind plug water inflow line water outlet line With the aid of the handle (1) (included with delivery of the decomposition vessel), remove the blind plug (2) from the water connections of the measuring cell. Residual water may emerge when the blind plug is removed. This should be captured with an absorbent underlay. Connect the inflow line (3) to the water intake adapter.
3DJH e 2SHUDWLRQ RQ WKH ZDWHU OLQH The cooling water temperature must fall within the range from 12 °C to 28 °C. 7KH ZDWHU SUHVVXUH RQ \RXU OLQH PXVW QRW H[FHHG D OHYHO RI EDU If necessary (if the pressure is higher or if there are fluctuations in pressure) install a suitable pressure control valve (for example the IKA C 25). The IKA C 25 pressure control valve is set to a pre-pressure of 1 - 1.5 bar. Verify this value after the calorimeter is ready for operation.
6HW XS DQG FRPPLVVLRQLQJ 3DJH The current line water temperature can be queried manually if the water supply is open through the &RROLQJ ZDWHU menu item (see Section 11.1 “Maintenance menu”) If the line water temperature is subject to large fluctuations, we recommend that you work with a cooler unit. h &RQQHFWLQJ WKH PDLQV SRZHU OLQH Check the voltage information on the rating plate of the calorimeter with the data for your power supply network.
3DJH &RQQHFWLQJ SHULSKHUDO GHYLFHV :KLOH WKH SHULSKHUDO GHYLFHV DUH EHLQJ FRQQHFWHG WKH\ DQG WKH FDORULPHWHU PXVW EH WXUQHG RII RQ WKH PDLQV SRZHU VZLWFK If a sample rack, electronic scale or a printer were delivered with the calorimeter system, they should now be connected. A screen, keyboard and/or PC can also be connected now. The connection sockets are located on the rear wall of the device. When connecting the devices, please note the labeling on the connection wires.
6HW XS DQG FRPPLVVLRQLQJ 3DJH 'LVSOD\ DQG RSHUDWLQJ HOHPHQWV The control console is equipped with the following elements: 1. 'LVSOD\ used to display system data, experiment data and experiment data menus and dialog boxes for data entry. 2. )XQFWLRQ NH\V the assignment of the function keys depends on the current operating status of the system. ) calls up a context-related help system.
3DJH 8. 1XPHULF NH\SDG with these keys you can enter number, decimal points and spaces. Outside of a dialog box, you can use the point key to open or close an additional information window for service purposes. The content of this window can be printed out with the space bar . You can use button to go to the maintenance menu when there is no measurement running. Pressing button feeds a page if a printer is connected. 9. &RQWUDVW FRQWURO used to control the display contrast.
6HW XS DQG FRPPLVVLRQLQJ 3DJH DFWLYH GLDORJ HOHPHQW LQSXW OLQH All dialog elements are labeled. The labeling is marked by a “ª“ sign for all active dialog elements. Each element can be made active by repeatedly pressing 7DE for the active dialog element. Only the active dialog element can be operated (exception: Button). Digits and a decimal point can be entered in an active input line. The last character that was entered can be deleted with the 'HO character.
3DJH 7XUQLQJ RQ WKH V\VWHP When you turn on the calorimeter, the splash screen first appears (the cover of the measuring cell opens automatically and the stirrer starts up for a few seconds). VSODVK VFUHHQ The current assignment of the function keys appears in the footer, and the current system message appears in the header. Make certain that the water connection for the device has been opened and if there is an additional cooler unit that it is turned on.
6HW XS DQG FRPPLVVLRQLQJ 3DJH YHULILFDWLRQ RI FRROLQJ ZDWHU WHPSHUDWXUH :KHQ WKH V\VWHP LV LQLWLDOO\ SODFHG LQ VHUYLFH WKH YHVVHO V\VWHP DQG KRVH V\VWHP RI WKH FDORULPHWHU DUH ILOOHG ZLWK ZDWHU GXULQJ WKLV SKDVH ,I \RX DUH ZRUNLQJ ZLWK D FRROHU XQLW \RX PXVW QRZ FRPSHQVDWH WKH ILOO OHYHO RI WKH VWRU DJH WDQN /DWHU ORVVHV RI ZDWHU IRU H[DPSOH WKURXJK FRQGHQVDWLRQ PXVW DOVR EH FRP SHQVDWHG IRU GXULQJ WKLV RSHUDWLQJ VWDWH RI WKH FDORULPHWHU 1R PHDVXUHPHQWV PD\ EH UX
3DJH UHDG\ IRU RSHUDWLRQ EHUHLWVFKDIW If the system check was interrupted with &DQFHO, no measurements are possible. It is also not possible to reach the maintenance menu. Canceling is useful if only administrative tasks (library, simulation, or evaluation) are to be performed on the calorimeter. LQWHUUXSW V\VWHP FKHFN The interrupt is confirmed with 2.; the system check is continued with %DFN.
6HW XS DQG FRPPLVVLRQLQJ 3DJH FRQILUPDWLRQ RI WKH VZLWFK WR DQRWKHU RSHUDWLQJ PRGH The message is confirmed with 2.; and the system is made ready for operation. The system check can be continued with %DFN. &RQILJXULQJ WKH V\VWHP From the main screen you can reach all menu and dialog windows. You can reach part with the menu line that is called with the 0HQX key or the 'HO key.
3DJH PDLQ VFUHHQ ZLWK DFWLYDWHG PHQX OLQH 9HULI\LQJ WKH GDWH DQG WLPH c Open the 6\VWHP menu. d Open the 'DWH WLPH dialog box.
6HW XS DQG FRPPLVVLRQLQJ 3DJH 6HOHFW ODQJXDJH c Open the 6\VWHP menu. d Open the /DQJXDJH dialog box. A list of languages in which dialogs can be run with the calorimeter system appears. ODQJXDJH GLDORJ ER[ e Use 'RZQ DUURZ 8S DUURZ to select your language from the list and confirm with 2.. From now on, text on the screen, the text of the help system and printouts will appear in the new language.
3DJH • 2SHUDWLRQ configuration field [ ] 3URWRFRO Marking this option causes a protocol to be printed out for every experiment. This also applies to the individual temperature measurement values during the measurement. In addition, the temperature protocol is displayed in the infowindow for test parameters, see Section 9.1, “5-Info”. [ ] 6DPSOH UDFN A sample rack is connected and will be used. 6DPSOH dialog box can no longer be called manually.
6HW XS DQG FRPPLVVLRQLQJ 3DJH • 0RGH configuration field In this field you can select an option for temperature regulation of the water jacket in the outer vessel. The following options are available: ( ) ,VRSHULEROLF DW & ( ) ,VRSHULEROLF DW & Measurement and calculation according to the isoperibolic procedure. The temperature of the outer vessel is 25 °C. This mode can run with cooling water temperatures of from 12 °C to 23 °C.
3DJH • ([SHULPHQW LQLW configuration field With the experiment initialization you can determine how the 8VHU and 6DPSOH SURSHU parameters will be set in the ([SHULPHQWV dialog box. Chapter 7, “Preparing and performing measurements“, contains further discussion of these setting options.
6HW XS DQG FRPPLVVLRQLQJ 3DJH &RQILJXUH VFDOH If an electronic scale is connected to the system, the scale type must be configured. To do this, open the 6FDOH dialog box in the &RQI menu. VFDOH GLDORJ ER[ The window shows the configuration fields of the scale. The parameters that you select here must agree with the interface parameter of the connected scale. For information on the parameters, please refer to the Scale manual. Use 7DE to move the cursor to the next configuration field.
3DJH • ZLWK FRPE DLG configuration field If the option ZLWK FRPE DLG is marked, the values of the scale are transferred in the following order: 1. “Weighed in quantity, combustion aid” 2. “Weighed in quantity, combustion aid + weighed in sample” • UHYHUV configuration field If the UHYHUV configuration field is marked in addition to the :LWK FRPEXVWLRQ DLG field, the scale values will be transferred in the following order: 1. “Weighed in sample” 2.
IKA-WERKE C 2000 basic / control Ver. 04 08.
3DJH 3UHSDULQJ DQG SHUIRUPLQJ PHDVXUHPHQWV The term “measurements” as used in the following presentation includes both measurements for calibration of the calorimeter system (calibration measurements) and actual measurements for determining gross calorific values. The difference consists mainly in the evaluation (see Chapters 8 and 9 on this subject). The preparation and actual execution is nearly identical in both cases.
3UHSDULQJ DQG SHUIRUPLQJ PHDVXUHPHQWV 3DJH ☞ (DFK GHFRPSRVLWLRQ YHVVHO PXVW EH FRGHG EHIRUH WKH ILUVW WLPH LW LV XVHG To do this, attach the black code rings into the recesses of the decomposition vessel provided for that purpose.
3DJH 5DSLGO\ EXUQLQJ VXEVWDQFHV KDYH D WHQGHQF\ WR VTXLUW RU VSDUN ,W ZRXOG WKHUH IRUH QRW EH SRVVLEOH WR HQVXUH FRPSOHWH FRPEXVWLRQ ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKHVH VXE VWDQFHV FRXOG GDPDJH WKH LQQHU ZDOO RI WKH GHFRPSRVLWLRQ YHVVHO 6XFK VXE VWDQFHV PXVW WKHUHIRUH EH SUHVVHG LQWR WDEOHWV EHIRUH XQGHUJRLQJ FRPEXV WLRQ The IKA C 21 pelleting press, for example, is suitable for this purpose. OLTXLG VXEVWDQFHV Most liquid substances can be weighed directly into the crucible.
3UHSDULQJ DQG SHUIRUPLQJ PHDVXUHPHQWV 3DJH 3UHSDULQJ WKH PHDVXUHPHQW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 LQGLYLGXDO SDUWV RI WKH GHFRPSRVLWLRQ YHVVHO cap screw oxygen valve cover crucible electrical ignition contact ignition wire crucible holder Now you can load the sample into the cleaned decomposition vessel (see 7.5).
3DJH d Fasten a cotton thread onto the middle of the ignition wire with a loop. IDVWHQLQJ D FRWWRQ WKUHDG 1 cotton thread e The substance must be weighed directly into the crucible with an accuracy of 0.1 mg. Distilled water or a solution must also be added to the decomposition vessel.
3UHSDULQJ DQG SHUIRUPLQJ PHDVXUHPHQWV 3DJH f Make certain that the desired operating mode is set (see Chapter 6.6, “Configuring the system). Then open the 6DPSOH dialog box to enter parameters. If the sample rack is active, parameter input appears automatically when you place a crucible in the rack or remove one (see also the Operating Instructions for the C 5020 sample rack). Enter the weight of the combustion sample in the :HLJKHG LQ TXDQW field.
3DJH that the value already represents all extraneous energy 4([WUDQ In this case, there is no further conversion based on the formula given above. 1RWH In all automatic calculations, 70 J is taken into account for the electrical ignition energy. • 6DPSOH QDPH For each measurement, the software automatically assigns a sample number in the format \PPGGQQ where \ is the year, PP is the month GG is the day and QQ is the running number, all encoded into the number.
3UHSDULQJ DQG SHUIRUPLQJ PHDVXUHPHQWV 3DJH j Close the decomposition vessel (C 5010, C 5012 or C 62). Place the cover onto the lower section and push down until it presses against the stop piece in the lower section. C 5010 C 5012 C 62 Place the union nut onto the lower section and tighten by hand. The decomposition vessel can now be filled. 3HUIRUPLQJ WKH PHDVXUHPHQW c Guide the decomposition vessel into the filler head of the open measuring cell cover until it catches in place.
3DJH The message "Bomb securely closed?" will appear. Ensure that the decomposition vessel is properly closed and confirm with OK. The ignition wire in the decomposition vessel completes the electrical circuit. The calorimeter is ready to start. The message %RPE changes to a display of the function key assignment 6WDUW If the 6WDUW function key does not appear, please check the ignition wire of the decomposition vessel.
3DJH 3UHSDULQJ DQG SHUIRUPLQJ PHDVXUHPHQWV A window appears at the beginning from which the correct measurement must be selected. H[SHULPHQW OLVW If the 5H,QLW option is active, a check of the cooling water will first be performed. The remaining course of the measurement is now enabled if stable temperature equalization of the outer vessel is ensured. Otherwise the measurement must be interrupted. H[DPLQDWLRQ FRROLQJ ZDWHU After this the measuring cell cover closes.
3DJH The measurement proceeds fully automatically until the final result. If the measurement needs to be interrupted, a message window appears that can be acknowledged by the user. (See Section 12, “Troubleshooting”). e If necessary: You can interrupt the experiment at any time with &DQFHO. If the measurement is complete or has been interrupted, the measuring cell cover opens and the inner vessel is emptied.
IKA-WERKE C 2000 basic / control Ver. 04 08.
3DJH (YDOXDWLQJ FDOLEUDWLRQV c Perform several calibration experiments per decomposition vessel according to Chapter 7 “Preparing and performing measurements”. For the number of calibrations required, please refer to the standard you are using. d After the last calibration: Activate 0HQX open the &RQI menu and then open the %RPEV dialog box.
(YDOXDWLQJ FDOLEUDWLRQV 3DJH • Evaluation procedure ASTM D1989, D240, D5865, D4809, D5468, E711 For calibration, a dialog reduced to the acid-correction fields and a shortened results form are displayed. The comments in Section 9.2 under Point } apply here too. • Evaluation procedure DIN/IKA In the DIN/IKA evaluation procedure, the acid correction to ASTM D240 or ASTM D1989 can also be used for calibration. The results form is shortened accordingly.
3DJH j The following apply to evaluating successful calibrations: 05)> @ 'LII The average relative error < 0.2 % (according to ISO 1928) The deviation range as a percentage < 0.4 % (according to DIN 51900) Other criteria may also apply depending on the standard you are using. The values given above, however, will be sufficient to fulfill customary requirements of accuracy for a calorimeter. k Use 7DE to place the cursor on the > ±!@ button and confirm with 2. or press .
IKA-WERKE C 2000 basic / control Ver. 04 08.
3DJH (YDOXDWLRQ RI JURVV FDORULILF YDOXH GHWHUPLQDWLRQV After the determinations of gross calorific value have been completed, you can evaluate the results. In addition to an overview of experiments, the calorimeter system also offers you the capability of post-processing results and converting them to other references states (standard and carbon calculation modes). You can also print out experiment results or delete them.
(YDOXDWLRQ RI JURVV FDORULILF YDOXH GHWHUPLQDWLRQV 3DJH FDO The experiment was performed for calibration. 6LP The experiment was a simulation. (YDO The experiment was evaluated. – Code Eval: the DIN/IKA evaluation procedure was used. – Code ASTM: the ASTM D1989, D240, D5865, D4809, D5468, E711 evaluation procedure was used. ZDLW The fuel sample is in the crucible, entry of parameters is complete, and the experiment can be started.
3DJH LQIRUPDWLRQ ZLQGRZ H[SHULPHQW 3RVW SURFHVVLQJ H[SHULPHQWV IURP WKH OLEUDU\ c In the ([SHULPHQWV menu, open the ([SHULPHQW OLEUDU\ dialog box. The header displays the amount of free memory for experiments. OLEUDU\ VHDUFK IXQFWLRQV d A search mask appears in which you must enter the sample name of the experiment that you want to post-process. If you want to select a whole series of experiments, you must enter the part of the sample name that the whole series of experiments has in common.
(YDOXDWLRQ RI JURVV FDORULILF YDOXH GHWHUPLQDWLRQV 3DJH e A list appears with experiments whose sample name agrees with the search mask.
3DJH d The list of today’s experiments appears. Use 8S DUURZ 'RZQ DUURZ to select the appropriate experiment and press the key or use 7DE to place the cursor on the &DOF button and then confirm with 2. VHOHFWLRQ RI FDOFXODWLRQ PRGH DQG LQSXW RI HYDOXDWLRQ SDUDPHWHUV e There are two different windows, which one is used depends on the evaluation procedure: 1.
3DJH (YDOXDWLRQ RI JURVV FDORULILF YDOXH GHWHUPLQDWLRQV PHDVXUHPHQW SURWRFRO PHDVXUHPHQW SURWRFRO PHDVXUHPHQW SURWRFRO 2. Evaluation procedure DIN/IKA A dialog box for entering the results of analytical examinations of the sample and combustion residues appears. Parameters that were determined in the state in which the sample was delivered are identified with (raw) and parameters from the reference state of analysis moisture are marked with (an).
3DJH VWDQGDUG FDOFXOD WLRQ PRGHV Standard without titration Standard with titration FDUERQ FDOFXOD WLRQ PRGHV Carbon: H2 input, without titration Carbon: H2 input, with titration Carbon: Volatile input, without titration Carbon: Volatile input, with titration Acid correction based on ASTM 1989 Acid correction based on ASTM 240 7KH FDUERQ FDOFXODWLRQ PRGHV PHQWLRQHG DUH XVHG H[FOXVLYHO\ IRU H[DPLQD WLRQV RI WKH JURVV FDORULILF YDOXH RI FDUERQ In addition to the heat of solution from the f
(YDOXDWLRQ RI JURVV FDORULILF YDOXH GHWHUPLQDWLRQV 3DJH f Indicate the required parameters for the selected calculation mode and confirm the dialog box with 2. after the last entry. g A new window appears and displays the measurement protocol with the definitive results of the experiment. You can print out the measurement protocol by pressing the 6SDFH EDU after which you can exit the protocol window with 2. You can browse through the protocol with the arrow keys.
3DJH ([WUDQHRXV HQHUJ\ Extraneous energy from combustion of the cotton thread or other ignition aid; 70 J is automatically taken into account for the electrical ignition energy. ([WUDQHRXV HQHUJ\ Extraneous energy from the burning of additional combustion aids. + 2 HOHPHQWDU\ DQDO\VLV +&O The percentage of water of the fuel sample determined by elementary analysis The titrated quantity of 0.
(YDOXDWLRQ RI JURVV FDORULILF YDOXH GHWHUPLQDWLRQV 3DJH 1LWURJHQ DQ The percentage of nitrogen in the fuel sample in the “analysis moist” reference state 4 VXOIXU Heat of solution from the formation of sulfuric acid 4 QLWURJHQ Heat of solution from the formation of nitric acid 6XOIXU DQ 6XOIXU UDZ The percentage of sulfur in the fuel sample in the “analysis moist” reference state The percentage of sulfur in the fuel sample in the delivery state 6XUI PRLVWXUH UDZ The percentage of appro
3DJH ([SHULPHQW VLPXODWLRQ In many cases it is helpful to reconstruct gross calorific value experiments or to calculate possible results of experiments without actually performing the combustion experiment. With the aid of the 6LPXODWLRQ dialog box in the ([SHULPHQWV menu, the calorimeter system will simulate experiments based on the data you enter. This option is especially useful if you accidentally perform a calibration instead of a determination of gross calorific value or vice-versa.
([SHULPHQW VLPXODWLRQ 3DJH f HQWHULQJ VLPXODWLRQ SDUDPHWHUV You must enter the following parameters: & YDOXH 7HPS'LII g The heat capacity of the calorimeter system The temperature difference to be used for the simulated combustion Confirm the dialog box with 2. You can post-process the simulated experiment in the normal manner with the (YDOXDWLRQ dialog box (see Chapter 9 “Evaluation of gross calorific value determinations”) or you can convert the result into the desired reference state.
3DJH &DUH DQG PDLQWHQDQFH 0DLQWHQDQFH PHQX The maintenance menu offers you the option of performing a series of system functions manually in the event of a malfunction. The commands of the Maintenance menu can only be performed if the measuring cell is in the Waiting mode. PDLQWHQDQFH PHQX The functions 2SHQ 0&, &ORVH 0&, and 2 ILOO are activated by the corresponding menu command and are automatically terminated. The menu item in question is locked while the function is being performed.
&DUH DQG PDLQWHQDQFH 3DJH 2 ILOO A decomposition vessel that has been suspended in the measuring cell cover is filled with oxygen. The measuring cell cover will be closed for the duration of the filling process. The procedure ends automatically about 60 seconds after the cover is opened. If no decomposition vessel is in place, the oxygen valve will be opened for one second. The procedure is displayed in the process window.
3DJH The dirt trap in the water supply line can be cleaned by counter-purging. 7R GR WKLV VXVSHQG WKH OLQH IURP WKH FDORULPHWHU DQG SXUJH LW ZLWK UHYHUVH IORZ FRXQWHU SXUJLQJ RSHQ WKH GLUW WUDS If there is a heavy accumulation of dirt, open the dirt trap and clean the sieve element in an ultrasound bath.
&DUH DQG PDLQWHQDQFH 3DJH 1 2 3 venting screw water drain hose locking button YHQWLQJ VFUHZ XVHG WR HPSW\ WKH V\VWHP LQVHUW WKH ZDWHU GUDLQ KRVH LQWR WKH ZDWHU GUDLQ DGDSWHU If the calorimeter has not been operated for quite a long time and the water circuit was not emptied, you can use the menu item &RROLQJ ZDWHU in the Maintenance menu to purge the system.
3DJH &KDQJLQJ WKH 2 VHDO If a faulty seal is noted while the decomposition vessel is being filled with oxygen (loud hissing noise), the O2 seal washer on the filling piston must be replaced. Faulty seal during the filling process may also result from the decomposition vessel not being fitted snugly in place. Before checking the seal, make sure the decomposition vessel is snugly in place. (Maintenance menu 2 ILOO) You can remove an old badly split seal from the piston with tweezers.
&DUH DQG PDLQWHQDQFH 3DJH c Loosen the cylinder screws with a straight-bladed screwdriver. d Remove the centering ring together with the filling head, pressure spring and piston. Be careful with the O rings that are now loose. e Push the pressure spring onto the new piston or replace the seal washer and insert both parts into the filling head. The remainder of the assembly is the same as disassembly in reverse order.
3DJH 7URXEOHVKRRWLQJ The C 2000 calorimeter system is subject to strict quality control during manufacturing. If improper functionality should nevertheless occur, you will find in the following section a series of malfunction situations and the appropriate measures for remedying the malfunctions. Most malfunctions are shown in the header of the display.
7URXEOHVKRRWLQJ 3DJH 0HVVDJH %RPE ³[´ DOUHDG\ DVVLJQHG &RYHU QRW FORVHG RSHQ &DXVH 5HPHG\ The decomposition vessel is already assigned to a measurement in progress. The measurement procedure encountered interference. The system displays the malfunction and interrupts the measurement that is starting. Turn the calorimeter off and back on. The measurement cell cover is not opening or closing completely. The system displays the malfunction and interrupts the measurement.
3DJH 0HVVDJH 3UHOLPLQDU\ H[SHULPHQW ! PLQ or PDLQ H[SHUL PHQW ! PLQ !! 7HPSHUDWXUH [[ [[ & &DXVH 5HPHG\ The combustion experiment is Check: lasting too long. Isoperibolic • the operation of the stirrer drive measurements are stopped after (Maintenance menu: 6WLUUHU 13 minutes in the “Stabilize” RQ RII). phase or after 16 minutes in the • temperature equalization of the main experiment.
7URXEOHVKRRWLQJ 3DJH 0HVVDJH 1R UHJXODWLRQ (UURU ZDWHU VHQVRU (UURU LJQLWLRQ FRQWDFW 6DPSOH UDFN LQYDOLG 1RW HQRXJK PHPRU\ &DXVH 5HPHG\ Temperature regulation cannot reach a stable condition. The temperature of the cooling water is outside the permissible range (12°C to 28°C). Check cooling water temperature and correct if necessary. Check the flow quantity and correct it if necessary (see Section 11.3). The calorimeter is incorrectly detecting a filled inner vessel.
3DJH 0DOIXQFWLRQ ZLWKRXW PHVVDJH LQ WKH GLVSOD\ (UURU &DXVH 5HPHG\ &DORULPHWHU LQ XQGHILQHG VWDWH Power failure If no measurement was running, the system can be restarted by turning it off and back on again. If the system was in the process of performing a measurement, the procedure is as follows: • Turn the system off and back on again and start in the normal, proper manner.
7URXEOHVKRRWLQJ 3DJH (UURU :DWHU IORZ OHVV WKDQ O K RU ODUJHU WKDQ O K &DXVH 5HPHG\ The pressure output of the exter- Check the output performance. nal water supply (cooler/ thermostat) is insufficient. The hose is laid higher than the level of the calorimeter. Lay the intake or outlet line flat. The dirt trap in the intake line is plugged up. Interrupt the water supply and remove the intake line from the calorimeter; then counter-purge the hose.
3DJH $FFHVVRULHV DQG FRQVXPDEOHV $FFHVVRULHV 2UGHULQJ GHVFULSWLRQ C 5010 C 5012 C 5010.4 C 5010.5 C 5010.
IKA-WERKE C 2000 basic / control Ver. 04 08.
3DJH 7HFKQLFDO GDWD Measurement voltage / frequency Power consumption Device fuses Duty cycle Protection type according to DIN 40 050 Protection class Over-voltage category Contamination level Ambient temperature Ambient relative humidity Usage above sea level Dimensions Weight Measurement range Measuring mode Isoperibolic measuring time Dynamic measuring time Oxygen operating pressure Oxygen test pressure Cooling medium Flowthrough quantity Water operating pressure Operation with thermostat (e.
IKA-WERKE C 2000 basic / control Ver. 04 08.
3DJH ,QGH[ Library ........................................... 9-1 Liquid substances ......................... 7-2 $ Acetobutyrate capsules ......... 5-3, 7-2 Acid formation................................7-3 Added quantities ............................7-1 adiabatic ......................................6-15 % Benzoic acid ..................................5-4 & 0 Main screen ................................ 6-11 Malfunction situations.................. 12-1 Measurement protocol .............
IKA-WERKE C 2000 basic / control Ver. 04 08.
(XURSH 0LGGOH (DVW $IULFD 1RUWK $PHULFD &KLQD $VLD $XVWUDOLD ! " # $ % & GmbH & Co.KG Janke & Kunkel-Str. 10 D-79219 Staufen Tel.: +49 7633 831-0 Fax: +49 7633 831-98 E-Mail: sales@ika.de 2635 North Chase Pkwy SE Wilmington NC 28405-7419 USA Tel.: 800 733-3037 Tel.: +1 910 452-7059 Fax: +1 910 452-7693 E-Mail: usa@ika.
