User's Manual

INTERRUPTS AND EXCEPTIONS
9.7.1 Single Step Interrupt (Interrupt 1)
Interrupt 1 allows programs to execute one instruction at a time. This single-stepping is controlled by
the
TF bit in the flag word. Once this bit is set, an internal single step interrupt will occur after the
next instruction has been executed. The interrupt saves the flags' and return address on the stack, clears
theTF bit, and uses an internally supplied vector of 1 to transfer control to the service routine via the
IDT.
The IRET instruction or a task switch must be used to set the TF bit and to transfer control to the
next instruction to be single stepped.
If TF= 1 in a TSS and that task is invoked, it will execute the
first instruction
and then be interrupted.
The single-step flag
is normally not cleared by privilege changes inside a task. INT instructions, however,
do clear TF. Therefore, software debuggers that single-step code must recognize and emulate INT n
or
INT 0 rather than executing them directly. System software should check the current execution
privilege level after any single step interrupt
to see whether single stepping should continue.
The interrupt priorities
in hardware guarantee that if an external interrupt occurs, single stepping
stops. When both an external interrupt and a single step interrupt occur together, the single step inter-
rupt
is processed first. This clears the TF bit. After saving the return address or switching tasks, the
external interrupt input
is examined before the first instruction of the single step handler executes. If
the external interrupt is still pending, it is then serviced. The external interrupt handler is not single-
stepped. Therefore, to single step an interrupt handler, just single step an interrupt instruction that
refers to the interrupt handler.,
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