® VRM 9.
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines THIS DOCUMENT AND RELATED MATERIALS AND INFORMATION ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITH NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NONINFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, OR ANY WARRANTY OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION, OR SAMPLE.
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines Contents 1 2 3 Electrical Specifications......................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Output Requirements ................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Input Voltage and Current............................................................................................ 8 1.3 Control Inputs ............................................
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines Guideline Categories This document defines one or more DC-to-DC converters to meet the power requirements of computer systems using Intel microprocessors. It does not attempt to define a specific voltage regulator module (VRM) implementation. VRM requirements will vary according to the needs of different computer systems, including the range of processors a specific VRM is expected to support in a system.
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines 1 Electrical Specifications 1.1 Output Requirements 1.1.1 Voltage and Current REQUIRED The VRM 9.0 Voltage Regulator Module is a DC-DC converter that supplies the required voltage and current to a single processor as shown in Table 1. The maximum voltage is determined by the five-bit VID code provided to the VRM, as described in Section 1.3.2. The specifications in Table 1 are for the VRM only.
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines Table 1, VRM Output Ratings Note: This table shows processor specifications for reference only. Please refer to the processor specifications in the latest Intel® Xeon™ or Pentium® 4 processor data sheet. Symbol Parameter VID Minimum Maximum Unit Vout-VRM Output voltage measured at the solder side of the VRM mating connector 1,2,3 1.70 1.50 1.609 1.408 1.70 1.
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines Figure 1, Processor Current during Thermal Monitor Operation 1 2 20 100% 100% 250 50% 40% Units • % of Icc-max • number of clock cycles 5% 1 100% Imax 5-10 50% 40% 5% 400 1 2.2 2.7 µs 2.1 2.6 µs 5% Imax Notes: ⋅ Duration of on-off periods depends on processor speed: faster processors have shorter durations. ⋅ Other operating system-controlled events could have on-times as short as 700 cycles.
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines Current sharing among different VRM models, including VRMs from different manufacturers, is an expected feature, required for most multiple-processor systems. Hot-swapping capability is not a requirement. 1.2 Input Voltage and Current 1.2.1 Input Voltages EXPECTED The main power source for the VRM is 12V +5%, -8%. This voltage is supplied by a conventional computer power supply through a cable to the system board.
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines Table 2, Voltage Identification (VID) Processor Pins (0 = low, 1 = high) VID4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 VID3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 VID2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 VID1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 VID0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Vcc (VDC) Off 1.1 1.125 1.15 1.175 1.2 1.225 1.250 1.275 1.3 1.325 1.35 1.375 1.4 1.425 1.45 1.
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines This output should be capable of sinking up to 4mA, while maintaining a voltage of 0.4V or lower. When the output is in the open state it should be capable of withstanding up to 5.5V. Latch-up or damage cannot occur if the pull-up voltage on the system board is present with no +12V input present. VRM Power Good should remain low if the VRM is disabled by the Output Enable pin.
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines Minimum Vtrip should be the nominal (maximum) VoutVRM specified in Table 1 plus 55mV to compensate for remote sense plus margin to prevent false trips. Maximum Vtrip should be the maximum, non-operating voltage, VMAX, specified in Table 1. No combination of input voltage sequences should falsely trigger an OVP event. 1.9.
VRM 9.
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines Figure 2, VRM Connector (for 12V-input VRM) TYCO CONNECTOR 1364125-1 OR EQUIVALENT (Intel does not endorse the third party products featured and/or mentioned in this document.
7.62 [.300] 14 2.54 10 SPACES @ [.100] 29.03±.05 [1.143±.002] TYP EACH SIDE 1.27±.05 [.050±.002] 1.07±.05 [.042±.002] 30 SPACES @ Ø1.02±.08 [.040±.003] 61 PL 51.89±.05 [2.043±.002] 19 SPACES @ 2.54 = 76.20 [3.000] [.100] 1.27 [.050] TYP 96.52 [3.80] 2.54 [.100] 5.08 [.200] 5.08 [.200] MIN 58.42 [2.30] 10.80 [.425] 10.80 [.425] 8.89 [.350] EDGE CARD CONTACTS 2 PL PCB DETAIL A 1.57±.20 [.062±.008] 6.35 [.25] MAX COMP HEIGHT 6.35 [.25] MAX COMP HEIGHT 2 PL .38 [.015] X 45° VRM 9.
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines 2.2 Mechanical Dimensions PROPOSED The maximum outline dimensions of the VRM should be as shown in Figure 3: 2.3 Retention Clip The module will require retention hardware to maintain mechanical and electrical contact during system use and handling. Figure 4 describes one example of such a clip, which fits within the dimensional envelope of Figure 3. Figure 4, VRM Retention Clip MATERIAL: STAINLESS STEEL UNS S30100 THICKNESS .0250 ± .0005 TEMPER: SPRING.
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines 2.4 Alternate Module Dimensions An optional module with the following features provide cost and thermal advantages in some systems. 2.4.1 Dimensions The dimensional option increases the maximum component thickness on the pin 1-31 side of the module PCB from 0.25” to 0.50” (increases total module thickness from 0.576”, shown in Figure 3, to 0.826”). 2.4.
VRM 9.0 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines Table 4, Environmental Specifications 1 2 3 Operating Non-Operating Temperature VRM ambient 0°C to +60°C at full load with a maximum rate of change of 10°C/hour and air at a velocity of 400 LFM directed along the connector axis 1 Ambient –40°C to 70°C with a maximum rate of change of 20°C/hour. 2 Humidity To 85% relative humidity. To 95% relative humidity. Altitude 0 to 10,000 feet 0 to 50,000 feet. Electrostatic discharge 15 KV initialization level.
