Intel® Application Accelerator User’s Manual Revision 2.
INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL® PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT.
R Contents 1 Scope of This Document..................................................................................................... 9 2 RAID Background ............................................................................................................. 11 3 RAID 0 (Striping) ............................................................................................................... 13 4 RAID 1 (Mirroring) ..............................................................................
R 14.1 14.2 14.3 Installation Caution ............................................................................................... 47 Steps to Take Before Installing the Intel Application Accelerator ........................ 47 14.2.1 Resolve Conflicts in Device Manager................................................... 47 Obtaining and Installing the Intel Application Accelerator.................................... 47 14.3.1 Installation Steps...........................................................
R 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 23 22.2.1 Create RAID Volume Wizard ................................................................ 78 22.2.2 Configure Volume ................................................................................. 79 22.2.3 Strip Size Descriptions.......................................................................... 79 22.2.4 Select Volume Location ........................................................................ 80 22.2.5 Specify Volume Size ................................
R Figures Figure 1. RAID 0 ............................................................................................................... 13 Figure 2. RAID 1 ............................................................................................................... 15 Figure 3. Matrix RAID........................................................................................................ 17 Tables Table 1. Serial ATA Transfer Rates Associated With Transfer Modes ............................
R Revision History Revision Number Description Revision Date 1.0 Initial Release. March 20, 2003 1.1 Added RAID 1 information June 6, 2003 2.0 Added Intel® Matrix RAID Technology, AHCI/Native Command Queuing information June 15, 2004 2.1 Updated screen captures June 21, 2004 2.2 Updated ICH6R requirements and Option ROM updates November 16, 2004 Document Conventions Throughout this document, symbols are used to indicate important messages to the reader.
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Scope of This Document R 1 Scope of This Document This document discusses how to properly configure your system when using the Intel® Application Accelerator. The issues discussed in this guide are only relevant on systems implementing a RAID solution and using a supported Intel chipset and supported operating system. x Supported Intel chipsets http://support.intel.com/support/chipsets/imst/sb/CS-012492.htm x Supported operating system http://support.intel.com/support/chipsets/iaa_raid/sb/CS-009343.
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RAID Background R 2 RAID Background RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) was originally conceived at the University of California at Berkeley in 1987 by David A. Patterson, Garth Gibson, and Randy H. Katz. The focus of their research was to improve storage subsystem performance and reliability. As a result of their findings, they proposed five levels of RAID (RAID 0 – RAID 5) to provide a balance of performance and data protection.
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RAID 0 (Striping) R 3 RAID 0 (Striping) RAID 0 leverages the read/write capabilities of two or more hard drives working in unison to maximize the storage performance of a computer system. Data in a RAID 0 array is arranged into blocks that are interleaved among the disks so that reads and writes can be performed in parallel (see below diagram). This technique, known as “striping”, is the fastest of all of the RAID levels, especially for reading and writing large sequential files.
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RAID 1 (Mirroring) R 4 RAID 1 (Mirroring) A RAID 1 array contains two hard drives where the data between the two is mirrored in real time. Since all of the data is duplicated, the operating system treats the usable space of a RAID 1 array as the maximum size of one hard drive in the array. For example, two 40 GB hard drives in a RAID 1 array will appear as a single 40 GB hard drive to the operating system.
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Matrix RAID (Two Volumes Per Array) R 5 Matrix RAID (Two Volumes Per Array) Intel innovation continues with the introduction of Matrix RAID, which combines the benefits of RAID 0 performance and RAID 1 protection on two hard drives. For example, games and video editing can benefit from improved performance by being stored on a RAID 0 volume; at the same time, valuable personal photos and financial records can be better protected from a drive failure by being stored on the RAID 1 volume.
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RAID Migration Feature R 6 RAID Migration Feature The RAID migration feature in the Intel® Application Accelerator is an advanced software technology that enables a properly configured PC, known as a “RAID Ready” system, to be easily converted into a high-performance RAID 0 or RAID 1configuration by simply adding a Serial ATA hard drive to the system and invoking the RAID migration process from within Windows*.
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Advanced Host Controller Interface / Native Command Queuing R 7 Advanced Host Controller Interface / Native Command Queuing Advanced Host Controller Interface Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) is an interface specification that allows the storage driver to enable advanced Serial ATA features such as Native Command Queuing and Native Hot Plug.
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Advanced Host Controller Interface / Native Command Queuing R User's Manual 23
Intel Application Accelerator R 8 8.1 Intel Application Accelerator Description The Intel Application Accelerator software package provides high-performance Serial ATA and Serial SATA RAID capabilities in Windows* XP, Windows 2000, and Windows Server 2003.
Intel Application Accelerator R x A hard drive which supports Native Command Queuing (NCQ), a feature supported by Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) Warning: Serial ATA has specific requirements. Please refer to the Appendix C.3 for more information.
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Serial ATA (SATA) R 9 9.1 Serial ATA (SATA) Description Serial ATA (SATA) is a new storage interface designed to replace parallel ATA (e.g. IDE technology). SATA was designed for a variety of reasons including performance headroom, cabling issues, and voltage tolerance requirements. SATA combines software transparency, low cost, scalability, and design flexibility. SATA has attracted widespread industry support through the Serial ATA Working Group (www.serialata.org).
Serial ATA (SATA) R For correct cable installation** (refer to illustration below): 1. Attach either cable end to the connector (A) on the motherboard 2. Attach the other cable end (B) to the SATA hard drive Note: Both the data and power SATA cables are new designs – you cannot use older 40-pin 80conductor IDE or regular IDE power cables with SATA hard drives. ** You should always carefully follow any instructions that come from the hard drive manufacturer.
BIOS Importance / Settings R 10 BIOS Importance / Settings In order to install the Intel Application Accelerator, it is required that the system BIOS includes the Intel® Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM. ICH6R-based systems should use Option ROM 4.0.2 or later. It is also necessary that the system BIOS is set up correctly for the RAID controller before installing the Intel Application Accelerator.
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Configuring BIOS for Intel RAID for Serial ATA on Intel Motherboards R 11 Configuring BIOS for Intel RAID for Serial ATA on Intel Motherboards Note: The instructions listed below are specific to motherboards manufactured by Intel with a supported Intel chipset. Always follow the instructions that are provided with your motherboard. ** The specific BIOS settings on non-Intel manufactured motherboards may differ from the instructions listed below.
Configuring BIOS for Intel RAID for Serial ATA on Intel Motherboards R 11.2 Create RAID 0 or RAID 1 Volume Note: Please refer to Section 13 for illustration examples of the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM windows. 1. Select option 1 Create RAID Volume and press the key. 2. If you selected RAID 0, select the RAID level and press the key. 3.
Configuring BIOS for Intel RAID for Serial ATA on Intel Motherboards R 2. 3. User's Manual In the selections screen, use the bar to select the drives you would like to reset. Press when done. Confirm the selection by pressing the key.
Loading the Intel Application Accelerator Driver During Operating System Install R 12 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 12.1 Loading the Intel Application Accelerator Driver During Operating System Install As Windows* Setup begins, press to specify the RAID driver. When queried by the installation screen, press to specify an additional device. Insert the floppy disk labeled Intel Application Accelerator Driver and press . (The following files should be on this disk: IAACHI.CAT, IAAHCI.INF, IASTOR.
Loading the Intel Application Accelerator Driver During Operating Sys R 12.2 Installation Using F6 Method When you start the installation of Windows* XP, you most likely will be presented with a message stating, ‘Setup could not determine the type of one or more mass storage devices installed in your system’. If this occurs, the instructions below document how to install the RAID driver.
Intel Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM R 13 13.1 Intel Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM Description The Intel Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM should be integrated with the system BIOS on all motherboards with a supported Intel chipset (see http://support.intel.com/support/chipsets/imst/sb/CS-012492.htm).
Intel Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM R 13.3.2 Create RAID 0 Volume Note: The following procedure should only be used with a newly-built system or if you are reinstalling your operating system. The following procedure should not be used to migrate an existing system to RAID 0. Additionally, if you wish to create Matrix RAID volumes after the system has software loaded, they should be created using the Intel Storage Utility in Windows.
Intel Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM R 2. Specify a RAID Volume name and then press the or key to advance to the next field: 3. Specify the RAID Level and then press the or key to advance to the next field: From the RAID Level, press the or key to advance to the ‘Disks’ prompt. The window will appears as follows: 4.
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Intel Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM R 5. Press the key to select the physical disks to use and the following prompt will appear: 7. Select a minimum of two hard drives to use for creating the volume by using the [SPACE] bar to select. A green arrow will appear immediately to the left of the hard drives once they have been selected similar to the following: 6. 40 Press the key once your selection is complete.
Intel Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM R 7. Select the strip value for the RAID 0 array by scrolling through the available values by using the <Ĺ> or <Ļ> keys and pressing the key to select and advance to the next field. x The available values range from 4KB to 128 KB in power of 2 increments. The strip value should be chosen based on the planned drive usage. Some suggested selections are listed below. The default selection is 128KB.
Intel Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM R 10. Confirm this selection by pressing the key after the prompt. The window will be returned to the main menu with an updated status similar to the following: Note: The disk/volume information listed for your system can differ from the following example. 11.
Intel Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM R 12. Confirm the exit by pressing key.
Intel Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM R 13.3.3 Delete RAID Volume Warning: By performing this operation, all data on the RAID drives will be lost. 1. Select option 2 ‘Delete RAID Volume’ from the main menu window and press the key to select a RAID volume for deletion. The following window will appear: Warning: If your system currently boots to RAID and you delete the RAID volume in the Intel Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM, your system will become unbootable. 44 2.
Intel Application Accelerator RAID Option ROM R 13.3.4 Reset Disks to Non-RAID Warning: By performing this operation, all data on the RAID drives and any internal RAID structures will be lost. 1.
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Installing the Intel Application Accelerator R 14 14.1 Installing the Intel Application Accelerator Installation Caution Caution: The Intel Application Accelerator driver may be used to operate the hard drive from which the system is booting or a hard drive that contains important data. For this reason, you cannot remove or un-install this driver from the system after installation; however, you will have the ability to un-install all other non-driver components.
Installing the Intel Application Accelerator R If needed, the Intel Application Accelerator can also be downloaded from the following Intel website: http://support.intel.com/support/go/iaa/tti_r.htm The Intel Application Accelerator is available for supported operating systems (see http://support.intel.com/support/chipsets/iaa_raid/sb/CS-009343.htm) in both English (iaarxx_enu.exe) and multi-language (iaarxx_multi.exe) versions. An included README.
Installing the Intel Application Accelerator R 14.3.2 Installation: Welcome Screen Click on the ‘Next’ button after the following welcome window appears: 14.3.
Installing the Intel Application Accelerator R 14.3.
Installing the Intel Application Accelerator R 14.3.
Installing the Intel Application Accelerator R 14.3.
Installing the Intel Application Accelerator R 14.3.
Installing the Intel Application Accelerator R 14.3.
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Confirming the Intel Application Accelerator is Installed R 15 Confirming the Intel Application Accelerator is Installed To confirm that the Intel Application Accelerator has been installed, complete the following steps: x Click on Start Button / All Programs x Find the ‘Intel Application Accelerator’ program group x Select the ‘Intel Application Accelerator’ shortcut x The Intel Storage Utility should be shown If installation was done via have-disk, F6, or unattended installation methods, you can confir
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Confirming Version of Intel Application Accelerator Installed R 16 Confirming Version of Intel Application Accelerator Installed There are two different ways to determine which version of the Intel Application Accelerator is installed: x Use the Intel Storage Utility x Locate the RAID driver (iaStor.sys) itself and view the file properties. 16.
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Issues During Installation R 17 17.1 Issues During Installation Symptom: Incompatible Hardware The following error message occurs during installation: Resolution: This issue is resolved by installing the Intel Application Accelerator on a system with a supported Intel chipset. (see http://support.intel.com/support/chipsets/imst/sb/CS-012492.htm). 17.
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“RAID Ready” R 18 18.1 “RAID Ready” “RAID Ready” Definition A "RAID Ready" system is a specific system configuration that enables a seamless migration from a single non-RAID disk drive to a dual disk drive RAID 0 or RAID 1 array. 18.2 “RAID Ready” System Requirements In order for a system to be considered “RAID Ready”, it must meet all of the following requirements: 1. System with a supported Intel chipset and one Serial ATA (SATA) hard drive 2.
“RAID Ready” R 4. 5. 6.
RAID Migration Instructions R 19 RAID Migration Instructions The Intel Application Accelerator offers the flexibility to upgrade from a single Serial ATA (SATA) hard drive to a two drive RAID 0 or RAID 1 configuration when an additional SATA hard drive is added to the system. This process will create a new RAID volume from an existing disk.
RAID Migration Instructions R 19.
RAID Migration Instructions R 19.1.
RAID Migration Instructions R 19.1.2 Select the RAID Volume Name, RAID Level, and Strip Size Select the RAID volume name, RAID level, and strip size and then click ‘Next’: RAID Volume Name: A desired RAID volume name needs to be typed in where the ‘RAID_Volume0’ text currently appears above. The RAID volume name has a maximum limit of 16 characters. The RAID volume name must also be in English alphanumeric ASCII characters. Strip Sizes: Select the desired strip size setting.
RAID Migration Instructions R 19.1.4 8KB For specialized usage models requiring 8KB strips 16KB Best for sequential transfers 32KB Good for sequential transfers 64KB Good general purpose strip size 128KB Best performance for most desktops and workstations Select Source Hard Drive In the left-hand ‘Available’ window, select the source hard drive and then click ‘Next’.
RAID Migration Instructions R 19.1.5 Select Member Hard Drive(s) Select the member hard drive(s) and then click ‘Next’. Once the new RAID volume is created, it will span the source hard drive as well as any member hard drive(s): Warning: CRITICAL WARNING: Existing data on the selected hard drive(s) will be permanently deleted. Back up all important data before continuing. 19.
RAID Migration Instructions R 19.3 Completing Create RAID Volume from Existing Hard Drive Migration The migration process may take up to two hours to complete depending on the size of the disks being used and the strip size selected. While you can still continue using your computer during the migration process, once the migration process starts, it cannot be stopped.
RAID Migration Instructions R 19.4 Successful Migration If the migration process was completed successfully, the following dialog window will appear: Note: You must reboot your system in order to use the full capacity of the new volume.
Uninstalling the Intel Application Accelerator R 20 20.1 Uninstalling the Intel Application Accelerator Uninstall Warning Warning: CRITICAL WARNING: Removing the Intel Application Accelerator from a system that has been configured as RAID will DELETE ALL EXISTING DATA from the RAID-controlled hard drive(s) and the data cannot be recovered. It is critical that you backup all important data before proceeding.
Uninstalling the Intel Application Accelerator R If System Does Not Have Intel RAID Application Accelerator Option ROM Installed: d. Enter the system BIOS Setup (usually done by pressing a key such as 'F2' or 'Delete' during boot-up) e. Change the IDE configuration for the RAID-controlled hard drive(s) from 'RAID' to 'IDE'. 3. Delete any partitions on the hard drives that were previously connected to the RAID controller 4.
Unattended Installation Under Windows* XP R 21 Unattended Installation Under Windows* XP To install the Intel Application Accelerator as outlined in the Microsoft* document "Deployment Guide Automating Windows NT Setup," use the supplied TXTSETUP.OEM file included in the application package and insert the lines below into the UNATTEND.TXT file. This method is available for Windows* XP. For Windows XP, the IAAHCI.CAT, IAACHI.INF, IASTOR.CAT, IASTOR.INF, IASTOR.SYS, and TXTSETUP.
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Intel® Storage Utility R 22 22.1 Intel® Storage Utility Description The Intel® Storage Utility is a Windows*-based application that provides management capabilities and detailed status information for storage devices and RAID arrays. 22.2 Create Volume Manually The Intel Application Accelerator offers the ability to create a RAID volume manually. This option should be used if you are using a third bootable device such as an IDE or SCSI hard drive – in addition to using two Serial ATA hard drives.
Intel® Storage Utility R 22.2.1 Create RAID Volume Wizard Click on the ‘Next’ button after the following welcome window appears: Warning: CRITICAL WARNING: Creating an initial RAID volume will permanently delete existing data on the selected hard drives or array. Back up all important data before continuing.
Intel® Storage Utility R 22.2.2 Configure Volume Select the RAID volume name, RAID level, and strip size and then click ‘Next’: RAID Volume Name: A desired RAID volume name needs to be typed in where the ‘RAID_Volume1’ text currently appears above. The RAID volume name has a maximum limit of 16 characters. The RAID volume name must also be in English alphanumeric ASCII characters. Strip Sizes: Select the desired strip size setting. As indicated, the optimal setting is 128KB.
Intel® Storage Utility R 22.2.4 16KB Best for sequential transfers 32KB Good for sequential transfers 64KB Good general purpose strip size 128KB Best performance for most desktops and workstations Select Volume Location In the left-hand ‘Available’ window, specify the location for the new RAID volume by selecting 2 hard drives or an array and then click ‘Next’: Warning: CRITICAL WARNING: Selecting hard drives will permanently delete the data on the hard drives.
Intel® Storage Utility R 22.2.5 Specify Volume Size Use the fields or slider bar to specify the amount of available array space to be used by the new RAID volume and then click ‘Next’: 22.3 Completing Create RAID Volume Wizard Select ‘Finish’ to create the new RAID volume: Warning: CRITICAL WARNING: Completing this action will permanently delete existing data on the selected hard drive(s). Back up all important data before continuing.
Intel® Storage Utility R 22.4 Disk and Volume Status Parameter Descriptions The Intel Storage Utility displays a wide variety of information including the status of the physical disk parameters and the volume parameters. The status of the physical disk parameters indicates the health of the disk while the status of the volume parameters indicates the health of the RAID volume.
Intel® Storage Utility R 22.4.1 Status 22.4.2 Status 22.5 Status Entries for Physical Disk Parameters: Indicates the health of the disk Normal Disk is present and functioning as expected Error Occurred Disk has exceeded its unrecoverable threshold. Disk will continue to be accessed if it’s a member of a RAID 0 volume. SMART Event Disk has exceeded its recoverable error threshold and is at risk of failure. Missing Disk is not present.
Intel® Storage Utility R When viewing the System Report, you will also have the ability to save or print the report. 22.5.2 Saving/Printing System Report To save or print a report, simply arrow up and click on ‘File’, arrow down and click on ‘Save System Report’ or ‘Print System Report’ as illustrated in the following example: Selecting ‘Save System Report’ option: The report can be saved to a location on your hard drive and then viewed with a text viewer such as Notepad* or WordPad*.
Intel® Storage Utility R 22.
Troubleshooting R 23 Troubleshooting Please refer to the following Intel Application Accelerator website for troubleshooting information: http://support.intel.com/support/chipsets/imst/index.htm 23.1 RAID Volume Restoration In the event that a RAID volume is reported as degraded or failed by the Intel(R) Application Accelerator tray icon, it may be possible to restore the RAID volume. If restoration is not possible, you will need to recreate the RAID volume and restore data manually from a back up.
Troubleshooting R 23.1.2 Degraded RAID 1 Volume A RAID 1 volume is reported as degraded when one of its hard drive members fails or is temporarily disconnected, and data mirroring is lost. As a result, the system can only utilize the remaining functional hard drive member. To re-establish data mirroring and restore data redundancy, refer to the procedure below that corresponds to the current situation. Missing Hard Drive Member 1. Make sure the system is powered off. 2. Reconnect the hard drive. 3.
Troubleshooting R Missing Hard Drive Member When the Operating System is on the RAID 1 Volume or is on a Non-RAID Hard Drive 1. Make sure the system is powered off. 2. Reconnect the hard drive. 3. Reboot the system into Windows*; the RAID 1 volume will start rebuilding automatically. 4. Run the Intel Storage Utility from the Start menu or click the Intel Application Accelerator tray icon. 5. In the Intel Storage Utility, right-click the RAID 0 volume and select 'Restore Volume'. 6.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) R 24 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Please refer to the following Intel Application Accelerator website for Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs): http://support.intel.com/support/chipsets/imst/index.
How to Identify the Intel Chipset R Appendix A How to Identify the Intel Chipset If you are unsure which Intel chipset is located in your computer, first check the documentation that came with the computer for this information. If this is not successful, the Intel® Chipset Identification Utility provides an easy way to identify the specific Intel chipset that is located on your motherboard. The Intel Chipset Identification Utility can be downloaded from the following Intel website: http://support.intel.
Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility for Intel Chipsets R Appendix B Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility for Intel Chipsets B.1 Description The Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility (formerly referred to as Intel INF Installation Utility) for Intel chipsets was developed for updating certain versions of Windows. This utility allows the operating system to correctly identify the Intel chipset components and properly configure the system.
Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility for Intel Chipsets R B.4 Troubleshooting After installing the Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility for Intel chipsets, certain symptoms may be seen depending on the system configuration. Please refer to the following Intel Chipset Software Installation Utility website for troubleshooting information: http://support.intel.
Serial ATA R Appendix C Serial ATA C.1 Description Serial ATA (SATA) is defined as the primary inside-the-box storage connection only, with no outside-the-box implementation. It is a storage device-centric technology and does not support other peripherals, such as cameras, scanners, or printers. The Serial ATA 1.
Serial ATA R C.3 System Requirements To use Serial ATA (SATA), your system must meet ALL of the following requirements: x SATA compatible logic either on the motherboard or on a Serial ATA adapter card x SATA compatible BIOS x SATA-aware device driver for the operating system x Generation 1-compatible SATA device such as a hard drive x A SATA data cable x A SATA power cable C.4 Serial ATA Data Cable Serial ATA (SATA) data cables are 7-pin cables.
Serial ATA R C.5 Serial ATA Power Cable Serial ATA power cables are usually 4 or 5-pin cables with 15-pin connectors. SATA power cables currently use an IDE/ATAPI to SATA power adaptor. One end of the SATA power cable is a typical 4-pin IDE/ATAPI power connector (which gets connected to an unused power cable from the power supply) and the other end (15-pin connector) gets connected to the SATA hard drive. The following illustration shows an example of a SATA power cable: C.
Serial ATA R C.9 Theoretical Transfer Rates Associated with Transfer Modes The table below lists different transfer modes Serial ATA (SATA) devices support along with the theoretical transfer rate. Please refer to the documentation that was bundled with your device or contact the hardware manufacturer for more information about your specific device. Note: This table contains theoretical transfer rates of SATA transfer modes supported by the Intel 82801ER I/O Controller Hub.
Glossary R Appendix D Glossary User's Manual 48-bit LBA Technology used with hard drives larger than 137GB AHCI Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) is an interface specification that allows the storage driver to enable advanced Serial ATA features such as Native Command Queuing and hot plug. Array Roaming Ability to move a complete RAID array from one computer system to another computer system and preserve the RAID configuration information and data on that RAID array.
Glossary R 98 RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks RAID 0 Data striping Array. RAID 0 stripes the data across all the drives but doesn’t utilize parity. This RAID level is designed for speed and is the fastest of the RAID levels but provides the least protection. RAID 1 Mirrored Disk Array. RAID 1 requires that each primary data disk have a mirrored disk. The contents of the primary disk and the mirror disk are identical. RAID 1 provides the best data protection but is slower than RAID level 0.
