Buying Guide

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90
AHEAD OF THE FLOW
®
Revised 4/26/2019
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Example 1:
Assuming the temperature extremes are from 70°F to 100°F,
what would be the amount of force developed in nominal size 2
Schedule 40 PVC pipe with the pipe rigidly held and restricted at
both ends?
S = EC(T
1
-T
2
)
S = EC(30)
S = (3.60 x 10
5
) x (3.0 x 10
-5
)(30)
S = 324 psi
The magnitude of the resultant longitudinal forces:
F = S x A
Where:
F = Force (lbs)
S = Stress (psi)
A = Cross-sectional Area (in
2
)
Nominal size 2 Schedule 40 PVC Pipe has:
OD = 2.375 in
ID = 2.047 in
Cross-sectional area (A) =
Therefore, the magnitude of the resultant longitudinal force is:
F = SA
F = 324 x 1.14
F = 369 lbs.
The extent of expansion or contraction is dependent upon
the piping material of construction and its coefficient
of linear expansion which, for convenience, is listed below
for several materials in units of inches of expansion per 10°F
temperature change per 100 feet of pipe or tube.
The degree of thermal expansion or contraction is also dependent
upon the system temperature differential, as well as, the length
of pipe run between changes in direction and it can be calculated
using the following formula:
CALCULATING STRESS
Plastics, like other piping materials, undergo dimensional
changes as a result of temperature variations above and below
the installation temperature. If movement resulting from these
dimensional changes is restricted by adjacent equipment or by
a vessel to which the pipe may be rigidly attached, the resul-
tant stresses and forces may cause damage to such items or
even to the pipe itself. In such a case, where compensation is
not provided for these dimensional changes and where the pip-
ing system is rigidly held or restricted at both ends, an estimate
of the magnitude of the resultant stresses can be obtained with
the following formula. This formula relates the temperature
differential to the temperature dependent modulus and the
expansion coefficient for the particular plastic material.
S = EC(T
1
-T
2
)
Where:
S = Stress (psi)
E = Modulus of Elasticity (psi) (See table below for specific
values at various temperatures)
C = Coefficient of Expansion (in/in/°Fx10
5
) (See physical prop-
erty chart on page 7 for values)
T
1
-T
2
= Temperature differential between the installation tem-
perature and the maximum or minimum system temperature
N/A = Not Applicable
The magnitude of the resultant longitudinal forces can be
determined by multiplying the stress, times the plastic cross-
sectional area.
Temperature Vs. Modulus (x 10
5
) psi
Temperature, °F 73 90 100 140 180 210
PVC 4.20 3.75 3.60 2.70 N/A N/A
CPVC 4.23 4.00 3.85 3.25 2.69 2.20
ABS 2.71 2.43 2.40 1.90 1.54 N/A
Expansion and Contraction of Plastic Pipe
Expansion Coefficient
Material Y, in/10°F/100ft
PVC 0.360
CPVC 0.380
ABS 0.500
∆L = x
Y(T1 - T2) L
10 100
[( ) - ( ) ]
X 3.14 = 1.14in
2
OD
2
ID
2
2 2