® BreadCrumb ME4 v11 User Guide User Guide Version: 11.0.0 Software Version: 11.0.0 Date: January 22, 2013 Corporate Headquarters Rajant Corporation 400 East King Street Malvern, PA 19355 Tel: (484) 595-0233 Fax: (484) 595-0244 http://www.rajant.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Copyright Statement Rajant, the Rajant logo, BreadCrumb, Instamesh, BC|Commander, and Bring Your Network with You! are registered trademarks of Rajant Corp. in the United States and certain other countries. BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Copyright © 2009–2013 Rajant Corp. All rights reserved.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 FCC and IC Statements This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the device is operated in a commercial environment.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 GNU General Public License Statement Certain components of the Rajant BreadCrumb firmware are subject to the GNU General Public License Version 2, or other so-called open source licenses ("Open Source Software").
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Table of Contents Copyright Statement.....................................................................................................................2 FCC and IC Statements................................................................................................................3 GNU General Public License Statement......................................................................................4 Preface.........
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 5 Firmware Upgrade.................................................................................................................22 5.1 Over The Air Firmware Upgrade......................................................................................22 5.2 USB Firmware Upgrade...................................................................................................22 5.3 USB-Based Zerioze............................
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Preface Purpose and Scope This manual provides information and guidance to all personnel who are involved with and use Rajant Corporation’s BreadCrumb ME4. This manual begins with an introduction to the BreadCrumb Kinetic Mesh Network. It then characterizes the features of the BreadCrumb ME4. Finally, it describes common deployment scenarios and provides concise step-by-step instructions for each scenario.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 1 Introduction to BreadCrumbs Rajant Corporation's (http://www.rajant.com) BreadCrumbs utilize the 802.11 wireless networking standards to form a wireless mesh network. The network is mobile, self-integrating, self-meshing, selfhealing, and secure. The focus is on flexibility, adaptability, and simplicity.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 1.2 Mobility through Meshing The key component of a BreadCrumb network is the ability for BreadCrumbs to connect, or Mesh with each other. While this is generally handled automatically by BreadCrumbs, complex deployment scenarios require a basic understanding of how BreadCrumbs establish and maintain a mesh. 1.2.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 2 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Description of a BreadCrumb ME4 BreadCrumb ME4 is a portable, wireless device deployable in almost any environment. It is light in weight, supports up to 4 external antennas and is designed to be completely mobile as worn by an individual. The BreadCrumb ME4 must be powered by an external source. 2.1 Radios The BreadCrumb ME4 contains two radios in the 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9 GHz or 5 GHz bands.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Figure 2: BreadCrumb ME4 Enclosure Features (Back) 2.3 Antenna Connectors The BreadCrumb ME4 provides up to four Type N female antenna connectors. Two connectors are located on the top side of the enclosure (see Figure 1), the other two connectors are located on the bottom side of the enclosure (see Figure 2). In general, only one antenna port per radio is utilized.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 2.4 26-Pin Amphenol Connector The majority of the signals and features of BreadCrumb ME4 can be accessed through the 26-pin Amphenol connector on the enclosure (see Figure 2). The most important of these interfaces are external power, Ethernet, and USB, which are described in more detail in the following sections.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 OFF (non-switchable), or OFF (switchable). When the LED Mode is ON, the BreadCrumb LED alternates between displaying the link state and any warnings or errors. When the LED Mode is OFF, the BreadCrumb LED does not display any warnings, errors, or the link state.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 ● Zeroize Keys and Restore Factory Defaults 2.7.1 LED Configuration This mode is used to control the display states of the Status LED. The LED Configuration function is accessed by pressing the switch and releasing it after a two second hold.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 ● Release the switch. The Status LED should change to display the blinking red error code 32. See Appendix B for a description of the blinking red color sequence. The BreadCrumb will then reboot using the factory default configuration. Warning Tip Do NOT turn off or reboot a BreadCrumb that is being zeroized. An interruption to power during the zeroization process can result in the BreadCrumb being unable to boot properly.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 3 Using BC|Commander BC|Commander is Rajant’s BreadCrumb administration software package used for monitoring the status of BreadCrumbs and mesh links. BC|Commander is also used for configuring BreadCrumbs, upgrading BreadCrumb firmware, and graphically displaying the network topology. BC|Commander can be run on any computer that has access to the BreadCrumb network.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 4 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Deploying a BreadCrumb Mesh Network There are many factors which need to be taken into account when deploying a BreadCrumb mesh network. Section 4.1 describes the addressing scheme of the mesh. Section 4.2 discusses channel assignments. Section 4.3 details some of the most commonly occurring environmental factors that will have a major impact on the performance of the mesh. Finally, section 4.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Table 3: Default Channel Assignments Radio Card Frequency Default Channel 900 MHz 5 2.4 GHz 11 4.9 GHz 20 5 GHz 153 In some cases, it may be necessary to manually set the radios to specific channels to provide critical links within a mesh. This can be especially important when using single-radio BreadCrumb devices. Refer to the BC|Commander v11 User Guide for the details of BreadCrumb channel configuration. 4.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 ● Devices placed too far away or in RF “shadows” may experience total loss of connection. ● RF transmit power and receive sensitivity are important in determining the distances over which the device will be effective. ● When placing a BreadCrumb device, check the connection status to the nearest available device using either the BreadCrumb device’s status LED (described in section 2.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 range. Elevating a device above the ground dramatically increased the maximum effective range. Rajant recommends elevating the components a minimum of 6 ft. above the surrounding surface. 4.4 Deployment Guidelines and Methodology This section addresses the actual on-site deployment of the mesh.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Refer to Rajant Troubleshooting Range User Guide for more information. (b) Note any LOS obstructions, and plan BreadCrumb placement to work around them. 2. Identify the PC on which BC|Commander will be run. (a) This PC should have a wireless NIC, as you will need to carry it with you as you deploy the mesh. i.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 5 Firmware Upgrade Each BreadCrumb relies on low-level software known as firmware for proper execution. For a BreadCrumb to communicate with other BreadCrumb devices or a BC|Commander client, the firmware version of the device must be compatible with the firmware versions of all other devices within the network, and with the version of BC|Commander running on the client computer.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 (c) If an error condition is encountered, the Status LED will start repeating a particular sequence of long and short blinks in red, indicating the error code. Take note of the error code (see Appendix B for an explanation of error codes). Leaving the USB storage device connected, turn power to the BreadCrumb OFF and then ON again. Observe the Status LED to monitor progress.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 6 Troubleshooting 6.1 Sporadic Network Connectivity Table 4: Sporadic Network Connectivity Issues Problem Resolution As a BreadCrumb device’s battery approaches exhaustion, network connectivity will become sporadic for the BreadCrumb device and its associated wireless clients. Monitory battery usage and charge/replace batteries as necessary.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Problem Resolution client device and BreadCrumb devices match. ● Ensure that the client device is not prevented from connecting by an ACL. ● Ensure that the VLAN settings for the BreadCrumb allow clients of the ESSID being used to communicate to the Local Port of the BreadCrumb. See the VLAN section of the BC|Commander manual for more information. 6.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Problem Resolution Manually reboot the device by turning off or disconnecting power to the device and turning Electrostatic Discharge can cause a BreadCrumb to power back on. appear to power up (Status LED indicates power is For BreadCrumbs powered by PoE, in order to on with a white light, which can sometimes appear avoid sparking and possible damage to the device, pale blue or pale green), but fail to start-up.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Appendix A: Radio Channels and Frequencies Rajant's BreadCrumbs can contain up to four radios. 802.11g radios are used in the 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz bands, and 802.11a radios are used in the 4.8 GHz, 4.9 GHz and 5 GHz bands. The radios support the channels and frequencies listed in the following tables for use in the United States and Canada. Note Not all channels are allowed for use everywhere around the world.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Channel Number Center Frequency (MHz) 1 2412 2 2417 3 2422 4 2427 5 2432 6 2437 7 2442 8 2447 9 2452 10 2457 11 2462 The default channel for a 2.4 GHz BreadCrumb radio is 11 (2462 MHz). Table 9: 4.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Channel Number Center Frequency (MHz) Channel Number Center Frequency (MHz) 162 4810 175 4875 163 4815 176 4880 164 4820 177 4885 165 4825 178 4890 166 4830 179 4895 167 4835 180 4900 168 4840 181 4905 169 4845 182 4910 170 4850 183 4915 171 4855 184 4920 172 4860 185 4925 173 4865 186 4930 174 4870 The default channel for a 4.8 GHz BreadCrumb radio is 164 (4820 MHz).
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Table 10: 4.9 GHz Radio Channels and Frequencies Channel Number Center Frequency (MHz) Channel Bandwidth 5 4942.5 Quarter (5 Mhz) 10 4945.0 Half (10 Mhz) 15 4947.5 Quarter (5 Mhz) 20 4950.0 Full (20 Mhz) 25 4952.5 Quarter (5 Mhz) 30 4955.0 Full (20 Mhz) 35 4957.5 Quarter (5 Mhz) 40 4960.0 Full (20 Mhz) 45 4962.5 Quarter (5 Mhz) 50 4965.0 Full (20 Mhz) 55 4967.5 Quarter (5 Mhz) 60 4970.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Table 11: 5 GHz Radio Channels and Frequencies Band Channel Center Frequency (MHz) Turbo Capability 149 5745 No 152 5760 Static Turbo U-NII Upper Band (5725 - 5825 MHz) 153 5765 No / 157 5785 No ISM Band (5725 - 5875 MHz) 160 5800 Static Turbo 161 5805 No 165 5825 No The default channel for a 5 GHz BreadCrumb radio is 153 (5765 MHz). Some 5 GHz channels support Static Turbo mode.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Appendix B: Error and Warning Codes All possible BreadCrumb error and warning codes are listed below: JR/LX/LX3/ME3/UX2400 Firmware Upgrade Codes (1*) 11 Flash image file does not exist. 12 Current flash image version is greater than versions of files found on USB drive. 13 No flash image files found. 14 Unable to mount USB drive. 15 Unlocking of /dev/mtd0 failed. 16 fconfig for SetFailsafeBoot failed.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 129 Failed to create directory for next file system image. 131 Failed to mount next file system image. 132 Failed to create directory for settings. 133 Failed to copy current settings to next file system image. 134 Failed to unmount next file system image. 135 Failed to mount /etc. 141 Error retrieving flash file. Self-Test Codes (3*) 31 Hardware configuration not set. Factory initialization required.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 46 Rekeying error. 47 Rekeying error. 48 Rekeying error. 49 Rekeying error. 431 Rekeying error. 432 Rekeying error. 433 Rekeying error. 434 Rekeying error. 435 Rekeying error. 436 Rekeying error. 441 Status override CPLD feature not available (wrong CPLD version). Fatal Codes (5*) 51 instamesh fatal error. 52 hostapd fatal error. 53 cvm fatal error. 54 fatal error.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 66 Incorrect ME3 gas gauge revision 0 EEPROM settings. 67 Internal battery charger disabled. Other Codes (7*, 8*) 71 Host flapping detected. 72 Critical I2C failure.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Appendix C: Using Pole Mount Bracket ● Use the two (2) supplied U-bolts and four (4) nuts to secure the Pole Mount Bracket to a pole up to 3” in diameter (See Figure 1 below). ● Use the eight (8) supplied screws to attach the BreadCrumb ME4 to the Pole Mount Bracket (See Figure 2 below).
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Appendix D: Rajant End User License Agreement IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT CAREFULLY. IT IS ENCLOSED IN THE SOFTWARE PACKAGE AND /OR PRESENTED ELECTRONICALLY WHEN ACCESSING THE SOFTWARE. BY CLICKING “I AGREE”, YOU ARE AGREEING TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 SOFTWARE, OR (B) THE SOFTWARE INCLUDES A SEPARATE "CLICK-ACCEPT" LICENSE AGREEMENT OR THIRD PARTY LICENSE AGREEMENT AS PART OF THE INSTALLATION OR DOWNLOAD PROCESS GOVERNING CUSTOMER'S USE OF THE SOFTWARE. TO THE EXTENT OF A CONFLICT BETWEEN THE PROVISIONS OF THE FOREGOING DOCUMENTS, THE ORDER OF PRECEDENCE SHALL BE (1)THE SIGNED CONTRACT, (2) THE CLICK-ACCEPT AGREEMENT OR THIRD PARTY LICENSE AGREEMENT, AND (3) THE AGREEMENT.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 and disclaimers and restrictions of warranty shall survive termination of this Agreement. In addition, the provisions of the sections titled "U.S. Government End User Purchasers" and "General Terms Applicable to the Limited Warranty Statement and End User License Agreement" shall survive termination of the Agreement. Customer Records.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 which the Product is shipped. Except for the foregoing, the Software is provided "AS IS". This limited warranty extends only to the Software purchased from an Approved Source by a Customer who is the first registered end user.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 The date of shipment of a Product by Rajant is set forth on the packaging material in which the Product is shipped. This limited warranty extends only to the original user of the Product. Replacement, Repair or Refund Procedure for Products Covered by Warranty Rajant will use commercially reasonable efforts to ship a repaired or replacement part within fifteen (15) working days after receipt of the RMA request.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 SOFTWARE THAT GAVE RISE TO THE CLAIM OR IF THE SOFTWARE IS PART OF ANOTHER PRODUCT, THE PRICE PAID FOR SUCH OTHER PRODUCT. THIS LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR SOFTWARE IS CUMULATIVE AND NOT PER INCIDENT (I.E. THE EXISTENCE OF TWO OR MORE CLAIMS WILL NOT ENLARGE THIS LIMIT).
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 Appendix E: GNU General Public License Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. PREAMBLE The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 below, refers to any such program or work, and a “work based on the Program” means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term “modification”.) Each licensee is addressed as “you”.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 3.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.
Rajant Corporation 03-100126-011 BreadCrumb® ME4 v11 User Guide Version 11.0.0 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
