Red Hat Linux 7.
ISBN: N/A Red Hat, Inc. 2600 Meridian Parkway Durham, NC 27713 USA +1 919 547 0012 (Voice) +1 919 547 0024 (FAX) 888 733 4281 (Voice) P.O. Box 13588 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA © 2001 Red Hat, Inc. rhl-ig-itanium(EN)-7.2-Print-RHI (2001-10-24T18:41-0400) Copyright © 2001 by Red Hat, Inc. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, V1.0 or later (the latest version is presently available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).
Contents Red Hat Linux 7.2 Introduction ... ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . vii Document Conventions. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . vii How to Use This Manual .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . x Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Chapter 2 2.1 2.2 Chapter 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.
3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 Time Zone Configuration ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . Account Configuration ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . Authentication Configuration . ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . Package Group Selection... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . X Configuration ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ..
C.2 C.3 C.4 C.5 An Overview of Red Hat Support . ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . Scope of Red Hat Support . .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . How to Get Technical Support .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . Questions for Technical Support .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... . Appendix D Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Linux ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ..
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Section 0.1:Document Conventions Introduction Welcome to the Official Red Hat Linux Itanium Installation Guide. The Official Red Hat Linux Itanium Installation Guide contains useful information to assist you during the installation of Red Hat Linux. From fundamental concepts such as installation preparation (gathering information about your current system) to the step-by-step installation procedure, this book will be a valuable resource as you install Red Hat Linux.
viii Introduction application This style should indicate to you that the program named is an end-user application (as opposed to system software). For example: Use Netscape Navigator to browse the Web. [key] A key on the keyboard is shown in this style. For example: To use [Tab] completion, type in a character and then press the [Tab] key. Your terminal will display the list of files in the directory that start with that letter. [key]-[combination] A combination of keystrokes is represented in this way.
Section 0.1:Document Conventions ix When you see text in this style, it indicates text displayed by the computer on the command line. You will see responses to commands you typed in, error messages and interactive prompts for your input during scripts or programs shown this way. For example: Use the ls to display the contents of a directory: $ ls Desktop Mail axhome backupfiles logs mail paulwesterberg.
x Introduction Note Remember that Linux is case sensitive. In other words, a rose is not a ROSE is not a rOsE. CAUTION Do not do routine tasks as root — use a regular user account unless you need to use the root account to administer your system. WARNING If you choose not to partition manually, a server installation will remove all existing partitions on all installed hard drives. Do not choose this installation class unless you are sure you have no data you need to save.
Section 0.2:How to Use This Manual xi Tip Refer to the Red Hat Frequently Asked Questions for answers to questions and problems that may occur before, during, or after the installation. You will find the FAQ online at: http://www.redhat.
xii Introduction
Section 1.1:Do You Have the Right Red Hat Linux Components? 1 Steps to Get You Started Before you install Red Hat Linux, you will need to perform the following steps: 1.1 Do You Have the Right Red Hat Linux Components? If you have purchased the Official Red Hat Linux boxed set, you are ready to go. However, mistakes occasionally happen, so now is a good time to double-check the contents of your boxed set. A black, red, and white Registration Information card is included in your boxed set.
Chapter 1:Steps to Get You Started 1.1.2 Why You Should Register Your Red Hat Linux Boxed Set If you have purchased an Official Red Hat Linux 7.2 boxed set, you should register your product. Registration offers many useful services, such as installation support, access to Red Hat Network, and more. To register your product, go to http://www.redhat.com/apps/activate/. You will find your Product ID on the Registration Information card in your Official Red Hat Linux boxed set.
Section 1.4:Which Installation Class is Best For You? worked with disk partitions before (or need a quick review of the basic concepts) read Appendix E, An Introduction to Disk Partitions before proceeding. The disk space used by Red Hat Linux must be separate from the disk space used by other OSes you may have installed on your system. At least three partitions (/, /boot/efi, and swap) must be dedicated to Red Hat Linux.
Chapter 1:Steps to Get You Started WARNING Installing Red Hat Linux over another installation of Linux (including Red Hat Linux) does not preserve any information (files or data) from a prior installation. Make sure you save any important files! To preserve the current data on your existing system, you should back up your data and/or consider performing an upgrade instead.
Section 1.4:Which Installation Class is Best For You? • Workstation choosing GNOME or KDE : 1.5 GB • Workstation choosing both GNOME and KDE, and games: 1.8 GB If you plan to choose all group packages (for example, GNOME is a group of packages), as well as select additional individual packages, you may want to allow yourself 1.8 GB or more of disk space. If you provide this extra space, you will have room for additional data, if needed.
Chapter 1:Steps to Get You Started • Server (choosing everything, GNOME and KDE): 2.0 GB If you plan to choose all group packages, as well as select additional individual packages, you may want to allow yourself 2.0 GB or more of disk space. This will provide space where additional data may be written.
Section 1.4:Which Installation Class is Best For You? If you choose automatic partitioning, a custom installation will create the following partitions: • A 100 MB partition (mounted as /boot/efi and formatted as vfat) in which the Linux kernel, ELILO configuration files, and other related files reside. • The size of the swap partition is determined by the amount of RAM in your system and the amount of space available on your hard drive.
Chapter 1:Steps to Get You Started
Section 2.2:The EFI Shell 2 Before You Begin the Installation Process 2.1 Installation Overview Installing Red Hat Linux on an Itanium system is different from installing Red Hat Linux on an x86 or Alpha machine. In general, the sequence of steps to a successful installation are the following: 1. Boot into the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) Shell. 2. If you can’t boot from the CD-ROM, make an LS-120 diskette from the boot image file provided with Red Hat Linux. 3.
Chapter 2:Before You Begin the Installation Process The EFI Shell contains a bootloader called elilo. Additional information on EFI can be found at the following URL: http://developer.intel.com/technology/efi/index.htm 2.2.1 EFI Device Names The map command can be used to list all devices and filesystems that EFI can recognize. When your Itanium system boots into the EFI shell, it probes your system in the following order: 1. LS-120 drive (if it contains media) 2.
Section 2.2:The EFI Shell listed in the order they are probed. Therefore, fs0 is the system partition on the LS-120, fs1 is the system partition on the hard drive, and fs2 is the system partition on the CD-ROM. For additional information on how to determine which devices EFI recognizes, visit this website: http://developer.intel.com/software/idap/tech/video/efi/efi_shell_3.htm 2.2.
Chapter 2:Before You Begin the Installation Process You will need to create an LS-120 boot image file diskette from the boot image file on CD 1: images/boot.img. To create this diskette in Linux, insert a blank LS-120 diskette and type the following command at a shell prompt: dd if=boot.img of=/dev/hda bs=180k Replace boot.img with the full path to the boot image file and /dev/hda with the correct device name for the LS-120 diskette drive.
Section 3.1:The Installation Program User Interface 3 Installing Red Hat Linux This chapter explains how to install Red Hat Linux from the CD-ROM using the graphical, mousebased installation program. The following topics are discussed: • Getting familiar with the installation program’s user interface • Starting the installation program • Selecting an installation method • Configuration steps during the installation (language, keyboard, mouse, etc.) • Finishing the installation 3.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux Table 3–1 Console, Keystrokes, and Contents Console Keystrokes Contents 1 [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F1] installation dialog 2 [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F2] shell prompt 3 [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F3] install log (messages from installation program) 4 [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F4] system-related messages 5 [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F5] other messages 7 [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F7] X graphical display Generally, there is no reason to leave the default console (virtual console #7) unless you are attempting to diagnos
Section 3.3:Language Selection If you are installing directly from an FTP server, use this method. You will need a network boot disk. Refer to Chapter 4, Installing Red Hat Linux via Text Mode for FTP installation instructions. HTTP If you are installing directly from an HTTP (Web) server, use this method. You will need a network boot disk. Refer to Chapter 4, Installing Red Hat Linux via Text Mode for HTTP installation instructions. 3.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux 3.4 Keyboard Configuration Choose the keyboard model that best fits your system (see Figure 3–2, Keyboard Configuration). If you cannot find an exact match, choose the best Generic match for your keyboard type (for example, Generic 101-key PC). Next, choose the correct layout type for your keyboard (for example, U.S. English). Creating special characters with multiple keystrokes (such as Ñ, Ô, and Ç) is done using "dead keys" (also known as compose key sequences).
Section 3.5:Mouse Configuration 29 Tip To change your keyboard type after you have installed Red Hat Linux, as root use the /usr/sbin/kbdconfig command. Alternatively, you can type setup at the root prompt. To become root, type su - at the shell prompt in a terminal window and then press [Enter]. Then, enter the root password and press [Enter]. 3.5 Mouse Configuration Choose the correct mouse type for your system.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux Figure 3–3 Mouse Configuration If you have a PS/2 or a bus mouse, you do not need to pick a port and device. If you have a serial mouse, you should choose the correct port and device that your serial mouse is on. The Emulate 3 Buttons checkbox allows you to use a two-button mouse as if it had three buttons. In general, the X Window System is easier to use with a three-button mouse.
Section 3.7:Install Options 3.6 Welcome to Red Hat Linux The Welcome screen does not prompt you for any input. Please read over the help text in the left panel for additional instructions and information on where to register your Official Red Hat Linux product. Please notice the Hide Help button at the bottom left corner of the screen. The help screen is open by default. If you do not want to view the help information, click on Hide Help to minimize the help portion of the screen.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux For more information about the different installation classes, please refer to Section 1.4, Which Installation Class is Best For You?. 3.8 Disk Partitioning Setup Partitioning allows you to divide your hard drive into isolated sections, where each section behaves as its own hard drive. Partitioning is particularly useful if you run more than one operating system.
Section 3.9:Automatic Partitioning 3.9 Automatic Partitioning If you chose to manually partition using Disk Druid, refer to Section 3.10, Partitioning Your System. If you chose to manually partition using fdisk, refer to Section 3.11, Partitioning with fdisk. Figure 3–6 Automatic Partitioning Automatic partitioning allows you to have some control concerning what data is removed (if any) from your system.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux CAUTION If you select this option, all data on the selected hard drive(s) will be removed by the installation program. Do not select this option if you have information that you want to keep on the hard drive(s) where you are installing Red Hat Linux. • Keep all partitions and use existing free space — select this option to retain your current data and partitions, assuming you have enough free space available on your hard drive(s).
Section 3.10:Partitioning Your System 35 Note If you have not yet planned how you will set up your partitions, refer to Appendix E, An Introduction to Disk Partitions. At a bare minimum, you will need a /boot/efi partition of approximately 100 MB and of type vfat, a swap partition of at least 512 MB, and an appropriately-sized root (/) partition. Figure 3–7 Partitioning with Disk Druid The partitioning tool used in Red Hat Linux 7.2 is Disk Druid.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux Above the display, you will see the drive name (such as /dev/hda), the geom (which shows the hard disk’s geometry and consists of three numbers representing the number of cylinders, heads, and sectors as reported by the hard disk), and the model of the hard drive as detected by the installation program. 3.10.2 Disk Druid’s Buttons These buttons control Disk Druid’s actions. They are used to add and delete partitions, and to change partition attributes.
Section 3.10:Partitioning Your System 37 • Type: This field shows the partition’s type (for example, ext2, ext3, or vfat). • Mount Point: A mount point is the location within the directory hierarchy at which a volume exists; the volume is "mounted" at this location. This field indicates where the partition will be mounted. If a partition exists, but is not set, then you need to define its mount point. Double-click on the partition or click the Edit button. 3.10.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux Figure 3–8 Creating a New Partition Note You must dedicate at least one partition to Red Hat Linux, and optionally more. This is discussed more completely in Appendix E, An Introduction to Disk Partitions. • Mount Point: Enter the partition’s mount point. For example, if this partition should be the root partition, enter /; enter /boot for the /boot partition, and so on. You can also use the pulldown menu to choose the correct mount point for your partition.
Section 3.10:Partitioning Your System • Size (Megs): Enter the size (in megabytes) of the partition. Note this field starts with a "1" in it; unless changed you will end up with a 1 MB partition. • Additional Size Options: Choose whether to keep this partition at a fixed size, to allow it to "grow" (fill up the available hard drive space) to a certain point, or to allow it to grow to fill any remaining hard drive space available.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux • software RAID — Creating two or more software RAID partitions allow you to create a RAID device. For more information regarding RAID, refer to the chapter RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) in the Official Red Hat Linux Customization Guide. • swap — Swap partitions are used to support virtual memory. In other words, data is written to a swap partition when there is not enough RAM to store the data your system is processing.
Section 3.11:Partitioning with fdisk 41 CAUTION Unless you have previously used fdisk and understand how it works, we do not recommend that you use it. Disk Druid is easier to understand than fdisk. To exit fdisk, click Back to return to the previous screen, deselect fdisk, and then click Next. If you have chosen to use fdisk, the next screen will prompt you to select a drive to partition using fdisk. Once you have chosen which drive to partition, you will be presented with the fdisk command screen.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux 3.12 Network Configuration If you do not have a network card, you will not see this screen. Skip ahead to Section 3.13, Firewall Configuration. If you have a network card and you have not already configured your networking, you now have the opportunity (as shown in Figure 3–9, Network Configuration). If you have multiple devices, you will see a tab for each device.
Section 3.13:Firewall Configuration 43 Note Do not use the numbers as seen in this sample configuration. These values will not work for your own network configuration. If you are not sure what values to enter, contact your network administrator for assistance. If you have a fully qualified domain name for the network device, enter it in the Hostname field. Tip Even if your computer is not part of a network, you can enter a hostname for your system.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux Figure 3–10 Firewall Configuration High If you choose High, your system will not accept connections (other than the default settings) that are not explicitly defined by you.
Section 3.13:Firewall Configuration Medium If you choose Medium, your firewall will not allow remote machines to have access to certain resources on your system.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux SSH Secure SHell (SSH) is a suite of tools for logging into and executing commands on a remote machine. If you plan to use SSH tools to access your machine through a firewall, enable this option. You need to have the openssh-server package installed in order to access your machine remotely, using SSH tools. Telnet Telnet is a protocol for logging into remote machines. Telnet communications are unencrypted, and provide no security from network snooping.
Section 3.15:Time Zone Configuration You must select a language to use as the default language. The default language will be used on your Red Hat Linux system once installation is complete. If you choose to install other languages, you can change your default language after the installation. Figure 3–11 Language Support Selection If you are only going to use one language on your system, selecting only that language will save significant disk space.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux Figure 3–12 Configuring the Time Zone Notice the two tabs at the top of the screen (see Figure 3–12, Configuring the Time Zone). The first tab allows you to configure your time zone by your location. You can specify different areas to view: World, North America, South America, Pacific Rim, Europe, Africa, and Asia. On the interactive map, you can also click on a specific city, which is marked by a yellow dot; a red X will appear indicating your selection.
Section 3.16:Account Configuration 3.16 Account Configuration The Account Configuration screen allows you to set your root password. Additionally, you can set up user accounts for you to log in to once the installation is complete (see Figure 3–13, Account Creation). Figure 3–13 Account Creation 3.16.1 Setting the Root Password Setting up a root account and password is one of the most important steps during your installation.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux The installation program will prompt you to set a root password2 for your system. You must enter a root password. The installation program will not let you proceed to the next section without entering a root password. The root password must be at least six characters long; the password you type is not echoed to the screen. You must enter the password twice; if the two passwords do not match, the installation program will ask you to enter them again.
Section 3.17:Authentication Configuration Figure 3–14 Creating a User Account You can also choose New to add a new user. Enter the user’s information and use the Add button to add the user to the account list. You can also Edit or Delete the user accounts you have created and no longer want. 3.17 Authentication Configuration If you are performing a workstation or server installation, please skip ahead to Section 3.18, Package Group Selection.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux Figure 3–15 Authentication Configuration • Enable MD5 passwords — allows a long password to be used (up to 256 characters), instead of the standard eight letters or less. • Enable shadow passwords — provides a secure method for retaining passwords. The passwords are stored in /etc/shadow, which can only be read by root. • Enable NIS — allows you to run a group of computers in the same Network Information Service domain with a common password and group file.
Section 3.18:Package Group Selection 53 about LDAP, refer to Official Red Hat Linux Reference Guide, Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). You can choose from the following options: • • – LDAP Server — allows you to access a specified server (by providing an IP address) running the LDAP protocol. – LDAP Base DN — allows you to look up user information by its Distinguished Name (DN).
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux GNOME and KDE are both graphical desktop environments3 that handle the overall look and feel of your system. You must choose one of these to have a default graphical setup, but you can also install both to determine for yourself which you prefer. You can select components, which group packages together according to function (for example, C Development, Networked Workstation, or Web Server), individual packages, or a combination of the two.
Section 3.18:Package Group Selection 3.18.1 Selecting Individual Packages After selecting the components you wish to install, you can select or deselect individual packages. You can select or deselect packages using your mouse (see Figure 3–17, Selecting Individual Packages). Figure 3–17 Selecting Individual Packages You can choose to view the individual packages in tree view or flat view. Tree view allows you to see the packages grouped by application type.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux You can also select or deselect all packages listed within a particular group, by clicking on the Select all in group or Unselect all in group buttons. Note Some packages (such as the kernel and certain libraries) are required for every Red Hat Linux system and are not available to select or deselect. These base packages are selected by default. 3.18.
Section 3.19:X Configuration Figure 3–18 Unresolved Dependencies 3.19 X Configuration The first part of X configuration deals with video card configuration. 3.19.1 Video Card Configuration Xconfigurator will now present a list of video cards for you to choose from. If you decided to install the X Window System packages, you now have the opportunity to configure an X server for your system. If you did not choose to install the X Window System packages, skip ahead to Section 3.20, Preparing to Install.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux Figure 3–19 Video Card Setup Next, enter the amount of video memory installed on your video card. If you are not sure, please consult the documentation accompanying your video card. You will not damage your video card by choosing more memory than is available, but the X server may not start correctly if you do. If you decide that the values you have selected are incorrect, you can click the Restore original values button to return to the suggested settings.
Section 3.21:Installing Packages 59 WARNING If, for some reason, you would rather not continue with the installation process, this is your last opportunity to safely cancel the process and reboot your machine. Once you press the Next button, partitions will be written and packages will be installed. If you wish to abort the installation, you should reboot now before your hard drive(s) are rewritten.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux Figure 3–20 Installing Packages 3.22 Boot Disk Creation If you chose to create a boot disk, you should now insert a blank, formatted LS-120 diskette into your diskette drive (see Figure 3–21, Creating Your Boot Disk). It is highly recommended that you create a boot disk. After a short delay, your boot disk will be created; remove it from your diskette drive and label it clearly.
Section 3.23:X Configuration Figure 3–21 Creating Your Boot Disk 3.23 X Configuration In order to complete X configuration, you must configure your monitor and customize your X settings. 3.23.1 Configuring Your Monitor If you chose to skip X configuration, go to Section 3.24, Installation Complete. Xconfigurator, the X Window System configuration tool, presents a list of monitors for you to choose from. In the list, you can either use the monitor that is autodetected for you, or choose another monitor.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux Figure 3–22 Monitor Selection If your monitor does not appear on the list, select the most appropriate Generic model available. If you do select a Generic monitor, Xconfigurator will suggest horizontal and vertical sync ranges. These values are generally available in the documentation which accompanies your monitor, or from your monitor’s vendor or manufacturer; please check your documentation to make sure these values are set correctly.
Section 3.23:X Configuration 63 Click Next when you have finished configuring your monitor. 3.23.2 Custom Configuration Choose the correct color depth and resolution for your X configuration. Click Test Setting to try out this configuration. If you do not like what you see during the test, click No to choose another resolution. Note If you need to exit out of the X test, use the [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[Backspace] key combination. Also note that this will not work in some test cases.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux You can also choose whether you want to boot your system into a text or graphical environment once Red Hat Linux is installed. Unless you have special needs, booting into a graphical environment (similar to a Windows environment) is recommended. If you choose to boot into a text environment, you will be presented with a command prompt (similar to a DOS environment). 3.24 Installation Complete Congratulations! Your Red Hat Linux 7.
Section 3.25:Booting Your Machine and Post-Installation Setup This command displays the contents of the configuration file. Each stanza contains a line beginning with label followed by a label name for that kernel. The label name is what you type after elilo to boot the different kernels. 3.25.
Chapter 3:Installing Red Hat Linux by selecting it and pressing the [d] key. After changing the boot order, choose Save changes to NVRAM. Choose Exit to return to the Main Menu. 9. Optionally, you can change to boot timeout value by choosing Set Auto Boot TimeOut => Set Timeout Value from the Main Menu. 10. Return to the EFI Boot Manager by selecting Exit. Using a Startup Script It is recommended that you configure the ELILO Boot Manager to boot Red Hat Linux automatically.
Section 4.1:Things You Should Know 67 4 Installing Red Hat Linux via Text Mode This release of Red Hat Linux features a graphical, mouse-based installation program, but you can also install Red Hat Linux using a text mode, keyboard-based installation program. This chapter briefly explains how to use the text mode installation program. Here are some recommendations: • If you are new to Linux installations, read Chapter 3, Installing Red Hat Linux first.
Chapter 4:Installing Red Hat Linux via Text Mode 4.1.1 Basic Hardware Configuration You should have a basic understanding of the hardware installed in your computer, including the following: • Hard drive(s) — specifically, the number, size, and type. If you have more than one, it is helpful to know which one is first, second, and so on. It is also good to know if your drives are IDE or SCSI. If you have IDE drives, you should check your computer’s BIOS to see if you are accessing them in linear mode.
Section 4.2:The Installation Program User Interface • Gateway IP address — another set of four dot-separated numbers; for example, 10.0.2.254. • One or more name server IP addresses — one or more sets of dot-separated numbers; for example, 10.0.2.1 might be the address of a name server. • Domain name — the name your organization uses; for example, Red Hat has a domain name of redhat.com. • Hostname — the name assigned to your individual system; for example, a computer might be named pooh.
Chapter 4:Installing Red Hat Linux via Text Mode Figure 4–2 Installation Program Widgets as seen in Disk Druid Here is a list of the most important widgets shown in Figure 4–1, Installation Program Widgets as seen in Configure TCP/IP and Figure 4–2, Installation Program Widgets as seen in Disk Druid : • Window — windows (usually referred to as dialogs in this manual) will appear on your screen throughout the installation process.
Section 4.3:Starting the Installation Program • Button widget — button widgets are the primary method of interacting with the installation program. You progress through the windows of the installation program by navigating these buttons, using the [Tab] and [Enter] keys. Buttons can be selected when they are highlighted. • Cursor — although not a widget, the cursor is used to select (and interact) with a particular widget.
Chapter 4:Installing Red Hat Linux via Text Mode To boot into text mode, at the EFI Shell type: Shell>elilo linux text 4.3.1 Displaying Online Help Once the installation program is loaded into memory, you can obtain information about the installation process and options by pressing [F1] through [F6]. For example, press [F2] to see general information about the online help screens. 4.
Section 4.5:Identify Disk Partition to Install From Text Mode Screen Text Mode Reference Point Firewall Configuration Section 3.13, Firewall Configuration Network Configuration Section 3.12, Network Configuration Language Support and Default Language Section 3.14, Language Support Selection Time Zone Selection Section 3.15, Time Zone Configuration Root Password Section 3.16, Account Configuration Add User/User Account Setup Section 3.
Chapter 4:Installing Red Hat Linux via Text Mode to performing an installation, use an md5sum program (many md5sum programs are available for various operating systems). An md5sum program should be available on the same server as the ISO images. The Select Partition screen (Figure 4–3, Selecting Partition Dialog for Hard Drive Installation) applies only if you are installing from a disk partition (that is, if you selected Hard Drive in the Installation Method dialog).
Section 4.6:Installing over a Network 4.6.1 Setting Up the Server Because the Red Hat Linux 7.2 installation program is capable of installing Red Hat Linux from multiple CD-ROMs, if you intend to support NFS, FTP, or HTTP installations you must copy the RedHat directory from each CD-ROM comprising Red Hat Linux 7.
Chapter 4:Installing Red Hat Linux via Text Mode Figure 4–4 NFS Setup Dialog Enter the fully-qualified domain name or IP address of your NFS server. For example, if you are installing from a host named eastcoast in the domain redhat.com, enter eastcoast.redhat.com in the NFS Server field. Next, enter the name of the exported directory. If you followed the setup described in Section 4.
Section 4.6:Installing over a Network Figure 4–5 FTP Setup Dialog Enter the name or IP address of the FTP site you are installing from, and the name of the directory containing the RedHat installation files for your architecture. For example, if the FTP site contains the directory /mirrors/redhat/ia64/RedHat, enter /mirrors/redhat/ia64. If everything has been specified properly, a message box appears indicating that base/hdlist is being retrieved. Next you will see the Welcome dialog.
Chapter 4:Installing Red Hat Linux via Text Mode Figure 4–6 HTTP Setup Dialog Enter the name or IP address of the HTTP site you are installing from, and the name of the directory there containing the RedHat installation files for your architecture. For example, if the HTTP site contains the directory /mirrors/redhat/ia64/RedHat, enter /mirrors/redhat/ia64. If everything has been specified properly, a message box appears indicating that base/hdlist is being retrieved.
Section A.2:Upgrading Your System A 79 Upgrading Your Current System This appendix walks you through a typical Red Hat Linux 7.2 upgrade. A.1 What it Means to Upgrade The installation process for Red Hat Linux 7.2 includes the ability to upgrade from prior versions of Red Hat Linux (version 3.0.3 and later) which are based on RPM technology. Upgrading your system installs the modular 2.4.x kernel as well as updated versions of the packages which are currently installed on your system.
Appendix A:Upgrading Your Current System Figure A–1 Choosing Install or Upgrade A.3 Upgrading Your Filesystem The installation program has detected the ext2 filesystem on your Red Hat Linux system. At this time you can choose to retain your current ext2 filesystem or migrate to the ext3 filesystem. It is recommended, but not required, that you choose to migrate to the ext3 filesystem. If you choose to migrate to the ext3 filesystem, existing system data will not be modified.
Section A.5:Selecting Packages to Upgrade A.4 Customizing Your Upgrade Do you want to choose the packages to be upgraded or let the installation program perform an automated installation (see Figure A–2, Upgrade Customization)? To let the installation program begin the upgrade process for you, make sure Customize packages to be upgraded is not selected and click Next (see Section A.6, Upgrading Packages). To customize your upgrade packages, select this option and then click Next.
Appendix A:Upgrading Your Current System Using Tree view, you see a listing of package groups. When you expand this list and pick one group, the list of packages in that group appears in the panel on the right. To sort alphabetically, click on the Package tab. To sort packages by size, click on the Size (MB) tab. To select an individual package, double-click the checkbox beside the package name. A check mark in the box means that a package has been selected.
Section A.6:Upgrading Packages The Unresolved Dependencies screen appears only if you are missing packages that are needed by your customized package selection. At the bottom of the screen, under the list of missing packages, an Install packages to satisfy dependencies checkbox is selected by default. If you leave this checked, the installation program will resolve package dependencies automatically by adding all required packages to the list of selected packages. Figure A–4 Unresolved Dependencies A.
Appendix A:Upgrading Your Current System Figure A–5 Installing Packages A.7 Upgrade Complete Congratulations! Your Red Hat Linux 7.
Additional Resources about Itanium and Linux B Additional Resources about Itanium and Linux Other reference materials, related to running Red Hat Linux on an Itanium system, are available on the Web. A few of the available resources are as follows: • http://www.linuxia64.org — The Official Home Page of the Itanium Linux Project • http://developer.intel.com/software/idap/processor/itanium/ — The Intel website on the Itanium Processor • http://developer.intel.
Appendix B:Additional Resources about Itanium and Linux
Section C.2:An Overview of Red Hat Support C Getting Technical Support C.1 Remember to Sign Up If you have an official edition of Red Hat Linux 7.2 and/or an official Red Hat OEM partner kit, please remember to sign up for the benefits you are entitled to as a Red Hat customer. You will be entitled to any or all of the following benefits, depending upon the Official Red Hat Linux product you purchased: • Official Red Hat support — Get help with your installation questions from Red Hat, Inc.
Appendix C:Getting Technical Support • Getting supported hardware recognized by the Red Hat Linux operating system • Assistance with drive partitioning We can also help you with basic post-installation tasks, such as: • Successfully configuring the X Window System using Xconfigurator • Configuring a local parallel port printer to print text • Configuring a mouse Our installation assistance service is designed to get Red Hat Linux running on your system as quickly and as easily as possible.
Section C.4:How to Get Technical Support • Mandrake • CheapBytes Additionally, Red Hat Linux obtained via any of the following methods does not qualify for support from Red Hat: • Red Hat Linux PowerTools Archive • Downloaded via FTP on the Internet • Included in a package such as Motif or Applixware • Copied or installed from another user’s CD • A CD-ROM (or CD-ROM set) included in a Linux book or other publication. C.
Appendix C:Getting Technical Support If you created a new customer profile, once you activate your product you will see a webpage that shows your registered products. There is also a button, Access Web Support, on this page that will take you to the support website. 3. Update your contact information if necessary.
Section C.5:Questions for Technical Support Note Refer to the service level agreement at http://www.redhat.com/support/sla/ for more information on how Red Hat’s technical support staff can assist you. • Symptoms of the problem (for example: "Linux is not able to access my CD-ROM drive. When it tries, I get timeout errors.") • When the problem began (for example: "My system was working fine until yesterday, when a lightning storm hit my area.
Appendix C:Getting Technical Support
Section D.2:Trouble Beginning the Installation D Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Linux This appendix discusses some common installation problems and their solutions. D.1 You are Unable to Boot Red Hat Linux D.1.1 Is Your System Displaying Signal 11 Errors? If you receive a fatal signal 11 during your installation, it is probably due to a hardware error in memory on your system’s bus. A hardware error in memory can be caused by problems in executables or with the system’s hardware.
Appendix D:Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Linux Figure D–1 Mouse Not Detected For an overview of text mode installation instructions, please refer to Chapter 4, Installing Red Hat Linux via Text Mode. D.2.2 Problems with Booting into the Graphical Installation The Red Hat Linux installation program uses frame buffers by default. However, there are some video cards that will not work with this setting. The end result will be a problem booting into the graphical installation program.
Section D.3:Trouble During the Installation D.3.2 Other Partitioning Problems If you are using Disk Druid to create partitions, but cannot move to the next screen, you probably have not created all the partitions necessary for Disk Druid’s dependencies to be satisfied.
Appendix D:Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Linux S’method’ p3 (iimage CdromInstallMethod p4 (dp5 S’progressWindow’ p6 This error occurs in some systems where links to /tmp are symbolic to other locations or have been changed since creation. These symbolic or changed links are invalid during the installation process, so the installation program cannot write information and fails. If you experience such an error, first try to download any available errata for Anaconda.
Section D.4:Problems After Installation 97 If you selected either the custom or workstation installation and do not see the graphical login screen, check your hardware for compatibility issues. The Hardware Compatibility List can be found at http://hardware.redhat.com. D.4.3 Does Netscape Navigator Crash on JavaScript Pages? If Netscape Navigator continuously crashes on pages that contain JavaScripts, you may need to edit your ~/.mailcap file. Edit the file using pico by typing pico ~/.
Appendix D:Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Linux To do this, click on Panel=>Programs=>Settings=>GNOME Control Center to launch the GNOME Control Center. In the GNOME Control Center, select the Sound submenu of the Multimedia menu. On the right, a General sound menu will appear. Select Enable sound server startup and then click OK.
Section E.1:Hard Disk Basic Concepts E An Introduction to Disk Partitions Disk partitions are a standard part of the personal computer landscape and have been for quite some time. However, with many people purchasing computers featuring preinstalled operating systems, relatively few people understand how partitions work. This chapter attempts to explain the reasons for and use of disk partitions so your Red Hat Linux installation will be as simple and painless as possible.
Appendix E:An Introduction to Disk Partitions Figure E–1 An Unused Disk Drive Not much to look at, is it? But if we are talking about disk drives on a basic level, it will do. Say that we would like to store some data on this drive. As things stand now, it will not work. There is something we need to do first… E.1.1 It is Not What You Write, it is How You Write It Experienced computer users probably got this one on the first try. We need to format the drive.
Section E.1:Hard Disk Basic Concepts Figure E–2 Disk Drive with a Filesystem As Figure E–2, Disk Drive with a Filesystem implies, the order imposed by a filesystem involves some trade-offs: • A small percentage of the drive’s available space is used to store filesystem-related data and can be considered as overhead. • A filesystem splits the remaining space into small, consistently-sized segments. For Linux, these segments are known as blocks.
Appendix E:An Introduction to Disk Partitions of filesystems (including many commonly used by other operating systems), making data interchange between different filesystems easy. Figure E–3 Disk Drive with a Different Filesystem Of course, writing a filesystem to disk is only the beginning. The goal of this process is to actually store and retrieve data. Let us take a look at our drive after some files have been written to it.
Section E.1:Hard Disk Basic Concepts Figure E–4 Disk Drive with Data Written to It As Figure E–4, Disk Drive with Data Written to It shows, 14 of the previously-empty blocks are now holding data. However, by simply looking at this picture, we cannot determine exactly how many files reside on this drive. There may be as few as one or as many as 14 files, as all files use at least one block and some files use multiple blocks.
Appendix E:An Introduction to Disk Partitions drives with a greater capacity, but the overhead imposed by the filesystem to track files became excessive. The solution to this problem was to divide disks into partitions. Each partition can be accessed as if it was a separate disk. This is done through the addition of a partition table. Note While the diagrams in this chapter show the partition table as being separate from the actual disk drive, this is not entirely accurate.
Section E.1:Hard Disk Basic Concepts • Whether the partition is "active" • The partition’s type 105 Let us take a closer look at each of these characteristics. The starting and ending points actually define the partition’s size and location on the disk. The "active" flag is used by some operating systems’ boot loaders. In other words, the operating system in the partition that is marked "active" will be booted. The partition’s type can be a bit confusing.
Appendix E:An Introduction to Disk Partitions Partition Type Value Partition Type Value Venix 80286 40 CP/M db Novell 51 DOS access e1 Microport 52 DOS R/O e3 GNU HURD 63 DOS secondary f2 Novell Netware 286 64 BBT ff By this point, you might be wondering how all this additional complexity is normally used. See Figure E–6, Disk Drive With Single Partition for an example.
Section E.1:Hard Disk Basic Concepts This is a typical partition layout for most newly purchased computers with a consumer version of Microsoft Windows™ preinstalled. E.1.3 Partitions within Partitions – An Overview of Extended Partitions Of course, over time it became obvious that four partitions would not be enough. As disk drives continued to grow, it became more and more likely that a person could configure four reasonably-sized partitions and still have disk space left over.
Appendix E:An Introduction to Disk Partitions As this figure implies, there is a difference between primary and logical partitions -- there can only be four primary partitions, but there is no fixed limit to the number of logical partitions that can exist. (However, in reality, it is probably not a good idea to try to define and use more than 12 logical partitions on a single disk drive.) Now that we have discussed partitions in general, let us see how to use this knowledge to install Red Hat Linux.
Section E.1:Hard Disk Basic Concepts Figure E–8 Disk Drive with Unpartitioned Free Space If you think about it, an unused hard disk also falls into this category. The only difference is that all the space is not part of any defined partition. In any case, you can simply create the necessary partitions from the unused space. Unfortunately, this scenario, although very simple, is not very likely (unless you have just purchased a new disk just for Red Hat Linux).
Appendix E:An Introduction to Disk Partitions Figure E–9 Disk Drive With an Unused Partition If you find yourself in this situation, you can use the space allocated to the unused partition. You will first need to delete the partition, and then create the appropriate Linux partition(s) in its place. You can either delete the partition using the DOS fdisk command, or you will be given the opportunity to do so during a custom installation.
Section E.1:Hard Disk Basic Concepts 111 CAUTION If there was an operating system of some type installed on that partition, it will need to be reinstalled as well. Be aware that some computers sold with pre-installed operating systems may not include the CD-ROM media to reinstall the original operating system. The best time to notice if this applies to your system is before you destroy your original partition and its operating system installation.
Appendix E:An Introduction to Disk Partitions CAUTION As Figure E–10, Disk Drive Being Destructively Repartitioned shows, any data present in the original partition will be lost without proper backup! Non-Destructive Repartitioning Here, you run a program that does the seemingly impossible: it makes a big partition smaller without losing any of the files stored in that partition. Many people have found this method to be reliable and trouble-free.
Section E.1:Hard Disk Basic Concepts Figure E–11 Disk Drive Being Compressed This step is crucial. Without it, the location of your data could prevent the partition from being resized to the extent desired. Note also that, for one reason or another, some data cannot be moved. If this is the case (and it severely restricts the size of your new partition(s)), you may be forced to destructively repartition your disk.
Appendix E:An Introduction to Disk Partitions Figure E–12 Disk Drive with Partition Resized It is important to understand what the resizing software you use does with the newly freed space, so that you can take the appropriate steps. In the case we have illustrated, it would be best to simply delete the new DOS partition, and create the appropriate Linux partition(s). Create new partition(s) As the previous step implied, it may or may not be necessary to create new partitions.
Section E.1:Hard Disk Basic Concepts 115 Figure E–13 Disk Drive with Final Partition Configuration Note The following information is specific to Intel-based computers only. As a convenience to Red Hat Linux users, the DOS fips utility is included on the Red Hat Linux/Itanium CD 1 in the dosutils directory. This is a freely available program that can resize FAT (File Allocation Table) partitions. WARNING Many people have successfully used fips to resize their hard drive partitions.
Appendix E:An Introduction to Disk Partitions That said, if you decide to repartition your hard drive with fips, it is vital that you do two things: • Perform a backup — Make two copies of all the important data on your computer. These copies should be to removable media (such as tape or diskettes), and you should make sure they are readable before proceeding.
Section E.1:Hard Disk Basic Concepts 117 This letter indicates which device the partition is on. For example, /dev/hda (the first IDE hard disk) or /dev/sdb (the second SCSI disk). N The final number denotes the partition. The first four (primary or extended) partitions are numbered 1 through 4. Logical partitions start at 5. So, for example, /dev/hda3 is the third primary or extended partition on the first IDE hard disk, and /dev/sdb6 is the second logical partition on the second SCSI hard disk.
Appendix E:An Introduction to Disk Partitions For example, if partition /dev/hda5 were mounted on /usr, that would mean that all files and directories under /usr would physically reside on /dev/hda5. So the file /usr/share/doc/FAQ/txt/Linux-FAQ would be stored on /dev/hda5, while the file /etc/X11/gdm/Sessions/Gnome would not. Continuing our example, it is also possible that one or more directories below /usr would be mount points for other partitions.
Index 119 Index time zone ............ ................. ..... 47 video ................. ................. ..... 68 consoles, virtual........ ................. ..... 25 A adding partitions ....... ................. ..... 37 filesystem type ...... ................. ..... 39 authentication configuration ........ ................. ..... 51 Kerberos .......... ................. ..... 51 LDAP ............. ................. ..... 51 MD5 passwords .. ................. ..... 51 NIS ................ ..........
Index filesystem formats, overview of . ................ .... 100 filesystem migration upgrading your filesystem. .......... ..... 80 filesystem types ....... .................. . 39, 80 fips partitioning utility. ................. .... 115 FTP installation .......... .................. ..... 76 H hard disk basic concepts ...... .................. ..... 99 extended partitions ................... .... 107 filesystem formats. . .................. .... 100 partition introduction ................ ....
Index 121 selecting type of keyboard .......... ..... 28 L language selecting ............. ................. ..... 27 support for multiple languages...... ..... 46 M manuals ................. ................. ..... 13 mount points partitions and ........ ................. .... 117 mouse configuring .......... ................. ..... 29 not detected.......... ................. ..... 93 selecting ............. ................. ..... 29 N network configuration ........ ................. .....
Index logging in ......... ................. ..... 96 Netscape Navigator .............. ..... 97 printers and X .... ................. ..... 97 server installations and X. ........ ..... 96 sound configuration ............... ..... 97 beginning the installation............ ..... 93 GUI installation method unavailable . 94 mouse not detected................ ..... 93 booting ............... ................. ..... 93 network boot disk ................. ..... 93 signal 11 error .... ................. ...
Index 123 virtual consoles ........ ................. ..... 25 X X configuration ........ ................. ..... X Window System ..... ................. ..... Xconfigurator monitor setup ........ ................. ..... video card setup ..... ................. .....
