Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline A summary of industry practices and techniques to help drillers enhance safety performance, environmental performance, and overall project quality Revision 1 – 09/2008
Disclaimer This guideline was prepared by AntiEntropics, Inc. (www.antientropics.com) as an account of work for a collective of environmental remediation industry parties. Neither AntiEntropics, Inc.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document is under the care of the Safety Subcommittee to Professional Development of the National Ground Water Association (NGWA). All updates and revisions are undertaken by the above mentioned subcommittee.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 6 THE PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS GUIDELINE............................................................................ 7 DEFINITIONS........................
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.8 - Personal Protective Equipment.................................................................................................... 65 4.9 - Weather and Night Work............................................................................................................. 68 4.10 - Wire Rope, Hoists and Cat Head Safety ................................................................................... 70 4.11 - Health and Hygiene ....................
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline INTRODUCTION This publication gives guidance to address some of the most common safety concerns that should be considered while performing drilling activities. It is not intended to address every possible situation that may arise or every hazard which may come to exist during drilling activities.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines THE PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS GUIDELINE This guideline’s purpose is to assist in preventing losses to the following four situations during environmental remediation drilling and direct push operations: • • • • Injury to workers Negative impact on the community Negative impact on the environment Damage to surface and subsurface structures Our goal is to augment, not replace, site-specific safety plans.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline DEFINITIONS Term Definition Access and Egress Entry and exit. Air Drilling A method of rotary drilling that uses compressed air as its circulation medium to remove cuttings from the borehole. Air Knife A device that directs compressed air to advance a hole. Usually used in conjunction with a vacuum truck.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines Term Definition Clearance Techniques Application of specialized equipment used to detect the presence of buried structures. Combustible liquid Any liquid having a flash point at or above 100 deg. F (37.8 deg. C), but below 200 deg. F (93.3 deg. C), except any mixture having components with flash points of 200 deg. F (93.3 deg. C), or higher, the total volume of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Term Definition Directional Drilling Drilling that is deliberately made to depart significantly from the vertical. Drill Rig Types Hollow stem auger, flight auger, air rotary, casing hammer, mud rotary, rotosonic drilling, or direct push. Drill Rod Chuck Jaws Hydraulic driven equipment that holds the drill stem stable as the drill is rotated and advanced.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines Term Definition Flammable and Combustible Material Flammable and combustible liquids are liquids that can burn. They are classified, or grouped as either flammable or combustible, by their flashpoints (the temperature at which they start to burn). Generally speaking, flammable liquids will ignite (catch on fire) and burn easily usually at normal working temperatures.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Term Definition Non-Invasive GPR Ground penetrating radar is a geophysical device that uses radar to search for underground structures without physically penetrating the ground. Operations Foreman Operations personnel managing/supervising a construction/installation project involving subsurface activities (another term for this position is tool-pusher). Paving Scars Scars left on pavement by the drill rig stabilizers.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines Term Definition Subsurface Activity Activity carried out by mechanical equipment resulting in an intended disturbance of the earth. Tenders A rope attached to equipment hung on a boom that is used to guide the direction of movement. Utility Mark-outs The surface marking of underground utilities and structures.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline SECTION 1 - PRE-FIELDWORK 1.1 - Introduction Environmental drilling can be performed safely with proper pre-fieldwork planning and proactive adjustment of planned safe work procedures to actual conditions in the field. As every experienced driller and environmental professional knows, it is very difficult to predict all hazards that may be encountered during drilling fieldwork.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines • • • Medical and substance abuse surveillance Proof of adequate insurance Licenses and registrations References o Ability to meet schedule Roles and responsibilities (customer, owner, consultant, driller) for communications, work execution, and safety Schedule (work phasing and sequencing, prioritization, project kickoff, fieldwork, reporting, closeout) Permits and access agreements 1.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 1.4 - Planning and Facilitating the Kick-off Meeting Informed planning and communication allows drilling tasks to be consistently performed safely. Essential participants in the review and kickoff process are the customer/owner, consultant, driller, and field personnel that will execute the work. Following review, the participants should formally agree to or suggest revisions to the project plan.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 1.4 - Planning and Facilitating the Kick-off Meeting cont. Project planning and kickoff set the stage for safe work performance. However, incident free operation will be dependant on daily reviews of work to be performed and associated hazards and mitigation measures. Adjustments to JSAs to accommodate changed conditions should be made before work commences.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline SECTION 2 - BOREHOLE LOCATION POSITIONING AND CLEARANCE 2.1 - Purpose The purpose of this section is to provide guidance to protect underground facilities, owners of these facilities, the environment, and workers when conducting drilling activities. Risks can be minimized or eliminated when proper clearance procedures are followed.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 2.4 - Positioning the Borehole Some of the tasks involved in positioning the borehole can take place in the office. It is important to gather all the relevant information about each site to assist in identifying hazards, locations, and the necessary permits. It is difficult to predict all problems that may occur during drilling fieldwork activities.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 2.5 - Selecting the Drilling Location During the pre-fieldwork phase, determine the location and the type of drilling to avoid critical areas and structures. Regulatory requirements and investigation objectives need to be considered in determining the location and drilling types.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 2.6.1 - Ground Penetrating Radar cont. Figure 2.1 - Ground Penetrating Radar Being Demonstrated in a Non- Environmental Remediation Work Area. (Photo courtesy of Enviroscan, Inc.) Limitations of GPR Exploration depth can be limited by soil or water with high conductivity. Detection depends upon a dielectric contrast between the subsurface feature and the surrounding material.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Limitations of GPR cont. It is important to note the depth limitations of GPR when clearing horizontal or directional drilling boreholes. Horizontal drilling technology is usually used at depths greater than 20 feet below the surface which is beyond the detection limits for GPR. An option for clearing horizontally drilled boreholes is use of a template and water jet to clear the horizontal run to the required depth.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 2.6.3 - Electromagnetic Utility Tracing Receiver The electromagnetic technique locates buried materials having a high conductance. Alternating electromagnetic waves generated at the surface are induced into the ground during the survey. When the waves pass through a conducting body, they induce an alternating electrical current in the conductive materials.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 2.6.4 - Deep Focused Sensing Metal Detector A deep focused metal detector acts as a pipe and cable locator and tracer to detect and trace metallic utilities, utility tracing wires, or warning tapes. In pipe and cable search mode, the instrument is essentially a deep-sensing metal detector that detects any highly electrically conductive material (metals) by creating an electromagnetic field with a transmitting coil.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 2.6.5 - Vibrocator cont. Figure 2.5 - A Vibrocator Being Demonstrated in a Non-environmental Remediation Work Area. (Photo courtesy of Enviroscan, Inc.) There are two limitations of this technology. One is that all non-metallic pipes to be traced must be available for connection directly to the transmitter. The second is that excessive energy imparted to the pipe may cause damage to the pipe. 2.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 2.8- Obtaining Required Permits Determine the permits required for drilling activities under applicable local, state, and federal laws. Prepare the permit applications and proper documentation for submittal to permitting agencies or third parties.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines • • In all cases, it is preferable to clear a hole to about 120% of the diameter of the largest tool used for drilling, so as not to miss structures that might be just slightly tangential to the borehole. For instance, if a 10-inch hollow stem auger is being used to drill, a cleared area 12 inches in diameter should be used.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 2.11 - Clearance Methodologies cont. Proper hand-digging tools and techniques must be used to safely verify the depth of any buried utilities that must be crossed or are located in close proximity to the work. Several types of direct contact methods include: • • • • Hand augers, Post hole diggers, Steel rods, and Hand digging tools. A backhoe or similar machine may be used to uncover a utility.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 2.11 - Clearance Methodologies cont. As the stream leaves the nozzle, it expands concentrically, since it is surrounded by atmospheric air. This high velocity air penetrates the ground to a depth of about a foot, creating a momentary cavity of about a foot in diameter, in which the soil structure is crumbled. Hard clays and other very hard soils will be slow during the first several inches of depth, and will produce increased scatter.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline SECTION 3 - MOBILIZATION, SET UP, AND DEMOBILIZATION This section applies to mobilization and demobilization for the following types of site operations: air knifing, air vacuuming, drilling, using geoprobes, and hand-augers. This section does not cover safety related to site mobilization in passenger vehicles. 3.1 - Performing Pre-Mobilization Tasks 3.1.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 3.2 - Loading and Unloading a Truck Mounted Drill Rig When loading or unloading a drill rig on a trailer or a truck, follow these precautions: • • • • • • Select an area of level ground for loading and unloading Have a spotter guide the driver off of the trailer or truck.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 3.4.2 - Road Travel and Vehicle Safety Perform a pre-trip vehicle inspection and obey state and federal DOT guidelines. Check vehicle maintenance records to assure any needed maintenance has been performed. Pre-operate equipment before leaving for the site and be familiar with operator's manual. Leave early, practice defensive driving, and observe the speed limit.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 3.4.4 - Entering the Site It is the responsibility of the owner or operator or the vehicle or rig to ensure that the drill site is safe to enter and that it is safe to begin work.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 3.5.3 - Site Communication and Safety Review Verify all new drill rig workers are informed of safe operating practices and emergency procedures on and around the drill rig and provide each new drill rig worker with a copy of the organization's drilling operations safety manual and, when appropriate, the drill rig manufacturer's operations and maintenance manual.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 3.6 - Preparing for Drilling 3.6.1 - Preparing the Site Prior to drilling, adequate site clearing and leveling should be performed to accommodate the drill rig and supplies and provide a safe working area. Drilling should not be commenced when tree limbs, unstable ground, or site obstructions cause unsafe drilling conditions. Housekeeping should be done to ensure a clear area for all site personnel.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 3.6.3 - Considerations for Retail Service Stations and Other Onsite Locations As there are no lanes marked out for traffic flow through most of these sites, and there are typically numerous entry points onto them, field personnel are vulnerable to traffic from all sides.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 3.6.7 - Storage and Material Handling The key for a safe and smooth startup is to organize the work area prior to commencing drilling operations: • • Do not attempt to commence drilling before everything is unloaded and organized. Drilling will progress smoothly and accidents will be less likely if the driller takes the time to properly set up and organize first.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 3.6.8 - Fire Prevention Fire prevention must be addressed prior to commencing any job. Failure to prevent a fire on a job site could result in severe injury or even death of employees. In addition to the potential for loss of life, severe equipment damage can result along with damage to surrounding areas.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 3.7 - Moving People and Equipment at the Site Navigating across the site requires special attention. Many safety incidents occur in and around moving vehicles and equipment. The following guidelines will help eliminate some common dangers. 3.7.1 - Placing the Equipment Figure 3.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline • • • • • • • • • When overhead electrical power lines exist at or near a drilling site or project, consider all wires energized. Watch for sagging power lines before entering a site. Do not lift power lines to gain entrance. Call the utility and ask them to lift or raise the lines or de-energize (turn off) the power. Before raising the drill rig mast on a site in the vicinity of power lines, walk completely around the drill rig.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 3.7.3 - Start Up Precautions for Setting up and Blocking the Drilling Rig It is the driller’s responsibility to verify the rig is properly set up. The stability of the drilling rig is critical to assure safe drilling operations. Some things to consider when setting up are provided below. Refer to section 4 – TITLE for more detailed information.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 3.8 - Shut Down - Temporary (Daily) and Permanent 3.8.1 - Temporary Shut Down • • • • • Inspect equipment at the start of each shift (pre-op) and at the end of each shift (post-op). Correct all major defects and safety defects prior to the start of work. All air and water lines and pumps should be drained when not in use if freezing weather is expected. If appropriate, the rig should be winterized at the end of each day.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines SECTION 4 - DRILLING OPERATIONS 4.1 - Rig Set-up The drilling contractor is responsible for ensuring that the rig is properly set-up. This includes such tasks as stabilizing the rig, clearing the location of overhead obstructions that may contact the mast as it is being raised or is in the fully raised position, and raising the mast. Each task is discussed in greater detail below. 4.1.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Blocking and Cribbing • • • • Blocking and cribbing is designed to distribute the weight over a larger surface area. When drilling on non-compacted soil, use blocks of sufficient strength to support the weight of the rig and to provide a more stable drilling structure. The larger the blocks (length, width, and height) the more evenly distributed the rigs weight will be and the potential for differential settling will be minimized.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines • • • • effects of wind on the power lines and hoist lines of the mast, it is advisable to maintain a 20-foot clearance. Post signs on ground level to alert workers to the presence of overhead utilities. Never raise the mast of the rig without a designated spotter.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Do not touch any person who may be in contact with the current. If a rescue is attempted, use a dry, clean rope or a dry, unpainted wood pole to remove the victim. Do not touch the victim until he has been removed from the current. If the victim is unconscious when released from the current, check his breathing and pulse and, if needed, begin CPR immediately.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.2.1 - Jump Starting an Engine with a Dead Battery Use the following procedure when jump starts are necessary: NOTE: do not connect the negative clamp to the negative (-) terminal of the discharged battery. 1. Connect one of the positive (+) cable clamps (red) to the positive terminal of the discharged battery. 2. Connect the positive clamp (red) from the other end of the jumper cable to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. 3.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.3 - Auger Drilling Auger drilling uses direct power to rotate (screw) flighted augers into the ground. Drill rigs must have kill switches in operable condition. Familiarize yourself with their location and operation. At least two persons must be present when operating the rig.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.3 - Auger Drilling cont. When using screw together augers consider the following: • • • When coupling augers, idle the machine down while screwing together the augers and remove the auger catcher before rotating the auger string. When uncoupling augers, clean off the area where the pipe wrench jaws will engage the bottom auger.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.4 - Rotary Drilling The term mud rotary means direct rotary drilling using mud slurry or water circulation to remove cuttings and keep the borehole wall stabilized.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.4 - Rotary Drilling cont. Listed below are general rotary (air and mud) drilling hazards: • • • • • • • • • • Do not brake drill rods during their lowering into the hole with drill rod chuck jaws. Drill rods should not be held or lowered into the hole with pipe wrenches. If a string of drill rods is accidentally or inadvertently released into the hole, do not attempt to grab the falling rods with your hands or a wrench.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.5 - General Drilling Safety 4.5.1 - Training • • Employees working in the proximity of an operating drilling rig and the support equipment required to complete wells should be thoroughly familiar with the operational hazards involved. Prior to commencing investigative work, all employees must review the Site-Specific HASP and the hazards surrounding a drill operation.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.5.2 - Housekeeping On and Around the Drill Rig cont. The first requirement for safe field operation is that everyone understands and fulfills the responsibility for maintenance and housekeeping on and around the drill rig.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.5.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.5.7 - Drilling Considerations during general operation: No visitors are permitted in the vicinity of the work area without proper protective clothing and authorized permission. Only personnel necessary to achieve drilling objectives should remain within the exclusion zone. All others should remain outside the exclusion zone. Effective communication (hand signals), especially under high noise conditions, is essential to safety.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.5.7 – Drilling cont. • When adding and removing drill rod: o Only the drill operator will brake or set the chucks, to eliminate the possibility of engaging the transmission prior to removing the chuck wrench. o Do not use the chucks as a brake on a string of drill rods that are being lowered into a hole.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.5.9 - Positioning Pipe and Casing When positioned in the mast, drill pipe or casing should be secured until attached and in the drilling position If work stops during positioning of drill pipe or casing into the mast, lower any suspended load to the ground or lay it down on the support vehicle.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.5.14 - Underground utilities • • • • • • • Complete utility locates prior to drilling [One Call: 811 or your local utility locating service] and coordinate with the drilling contractor and site personnel. Mark locations in white Field verify utility locations Document all utility locates on a plot plan or other map of the site.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.5.17 – Operating the Drilling Rig • • • • • Only employees will operate the drilling rig or handle equipment associated with drilling operations, including winches, augers, drive rods, ropes, and cables. Technicians, field personnel and any visitors must be aware of the location of the emergency shut-down/kill switches and operation of these devices, and the devices must be in safe working condition prior to the start of the project and thereafter.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.5.19 - Special Precautions for Drilling in Landfills In addition to the usual physical hazards of drilling, employees drilling in landfills may experience an increased hazard from methane gas. Methane, a decomposition product of organic materials is a very flammable gas, which may accumulate in the borehole or in the general work area.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.6 – Electrical Safety 4.6.1 - Supplying Power to the Job Site Drilling projects sometimes require around the clock operations and, therefore, require temporary electrical lighting.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.6.2 - Safe Use of Electricity Electrical shock can occur if equipment is maintained improperly or operated unsafely. Care and common sense minimizes danger and reduces the chance of fire resulting from electrical faults. Figure 4.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.7 - General Equipment Safety 4.7.1 Safe Use of Hand Tools With a vast number of hand tools that are likely to be used on a drill rig or during repair, the best rule of thumb is to use a tool only in the manner for which it was intended. Keep cutting tools sharp. If an accident occurs, treat all cuts and scratches immediately with simple first aid measures to prevent infection, which can occur in a matter of hours.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Hammers Use only hammers that are in good condition with handles firmly attached. Repair or replace hammers with defective handles or mushroomed heads. If the head has mushroomed, dress it prior to using it. When repairing a handle, never use nails as a substitute for a wedge. Always grip the handle close to the end. Choking the grip near the head is less accurate and effective. Set nails with a light blow to minimize the possibility of finger injuries.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines Pinch points Never place your hand or other body parts under auger or in holes in the auger Attach one flight at a time Stand clear of outriggers Wear leather gloves Identify any and all places where moving equipment could trap a body part and act to eliminate the hazard. Power Tools • • • • • • • • • • • • • Always read the owner's manual of the tool that you are using to learn the correct application and the limitation of the tool.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Safety Shoes or Boots Safety shoes or boots should be worn by all drilling personnel and all visitors to the drill site that observe drilling operations within close proximity of the drill rig. All safety shoes or boots must meet the requirements of ANSI.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines Clothing The clothing of the individual drill rig worker is not generally considered protective equipment, however, the worker's clothing should be comfortable but must be close fitting, without loose ends, straps, draw strings, belts or otherwise unfastened parts that might catch on some rotating or translating component of the drill rig. Rings and jewelry must not be worn during a work shift.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.9 - Weather and Night Work 4.9.1 - Weather Considerations Cold Extended exposure to windy, cold weather can lead to frostbite, hypothermia, and possibly death.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines Inclement Weather • • • • • • Drilling operation should be terminated during an electrical storm, and the complete crew should move away from the drill rig. Although drilling operations can proceed through a wide range of weather conditions, operations must cease if weather conditions are severe enough to create a safety hazard.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.10 - Wire Rope, Hoists and Cat Head Safety This section concerns rotating equipment, catheads, wire ropes, and hoists (the part of the drilling rig which may cause serious injuries), and drilling techniques most commonly used during auger and rotary drilling: • • • • • Use tools only for the job for which they were intended. Stay clear of cables while lifting equipment or while drilling rig is under heavy strain.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.10.1 - Wire Rope Safety Worn or misused wire rope is potentially one of the most dangerous pieces of equipment on any drilling rig. When a wire rope breaks, it is typically under significant tension and therefore has a tendency to snap back, like a rubber band. Be constantly aware of the condition of wire rope, which is used to hoist drill pipe or other heavy object.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.10.1 - Wire Rope Safety cont. Listed below are guidelines regarding wire ropes and hoists: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Always wear the appropriate gloves when handling wire ropes. Minimize shock loading on wire rope, apply loads smoothly and steadily. Protect wire rope from sharp corners or edges. Do not guide wire ropes onto cable drum with your hands. Discard cable when kinked or frayed.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.10.1 - Wire Rope Safety cont.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.10.2 - Hoist Safety DANGER! Drill rig hoists and masts are designed for vertical lifting of drilling tools only. Do not attempt to lift something away from the borehole as damage to the cable, sheave, or structural failure may occur. Listed below are guidelines regarding wire ropes and hoists: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Replace damaged safety latches on safety hooks before using. Always use proper lifting devices.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.10.3 - Sheaves Inspect and lubricate sheave wheels, shafts, and pins often. Use the proper sheave diameter and width to match the hoist line that runs over it. • Most sheaves on drill rigs are stationary with a single part line. • Replace worn sheaves or worn sheave bearings. 4.10.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.10.4 - Cat Head Safety cont. • Use extreme caution when returning to the rig and while turning off the engine. DANGER! If the cathead rope becomes entangled, immediately release the rope, sound an alarm to notify other personnel in the area, and quickly move a safe distance away from the area in a direction perpendicular to the orientation of the drill rig. 4.11 - Health and Hygiene 4.11.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.11.5 - Ambient Air Monitoring Vapors Approach areas where vapors are suspected from the upwind direction and stay upwind or crosswind from potential sources of vapors (use flagging, wind socks, or similar devices to indicate wind direction). 4.11.6 - A Sample Hazard Communication and Chemical Safety Program Attachment 4.A represents a sample hazard communication and chemical safety program document from the fictional MAKEHOLE Drilling Company.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.12 - Materials Handling 4.12.1 - Proper Lifting Back injury is a common drilling injury. Improper lifting causes lower-back pain even for those who are strong and in good condition. Almost 65 percent of workers have back pain at some point during their working career. Think through the process - How can you move the material or equipment and still minimize total weight, distance traveled, and frequency of movement? Be sure of your footing.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.12.3 - Drum Handling • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • If a hoist is used to load drums, only lifting attachments specifically designed for drum lifting should be used. Do not use makeshift lifting attachments. Use only the proper tools and equipment to move, load or unload drums. Drums should be lined with a clear plastic before any material is placed in them. All drums should be placed into spill containment basins.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.13 - Forklift Operations NOTE: Do not operate a forklift or any other equipment unless you have completed the appropriate training for that forklift or other equipment. Doing so may be grounds for disciplinary action. 4.13.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.13 - Forklift Operations cont. NOTE: When the operator is over 25 feet (7.6 meters) from or out of sight of the industrial truck and forklift, the vehicle is unattended and (A) above should apply. • • • • • • • • • • When leaving a industrial truck or forklift unattended, either: − The power will be shut off, brakes set, the mast brought to the vertical position, and forks left in the down position.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Every employee who operates an industrial truck or forklift will be required to check the industrial truck or forklift prior to operation each day and if it is unsafe report the matter immediately to a foreman or mechanic and will not use the industrial truck or forklift again until it has been made safe. Employees are prohibited from stunt driving or horseplay while operating an industrial truck or forklift.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.14.2 - Other Fire and Explosion Precautions • • • • • • Do not refuel an engine while it is running or while it is still hot. o Use a funnel when refueling from a can. o No Smoking while handling or dispensing fuels. o Fuels should be handled, transported, and stored in approved, properly marked containers. o Store fuels away from equipment exhaust. o Do not store fuels inside a building.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.15 - Rig Inspections and Maintenance cont. An example checklist is included as Attachment 4.B - Drill/Direct Push Type Rig Inspection Checklist. Maintenance The drilling contractor should maintain logs, documenting all preventative maintenance performed on a given rig. Any maintenance determined to be necessary once the rig has arrived on location should be completed prior to drilling. Maintenance activities should never be performed while drilling.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.16.1 - Typical Cleaning Methods Typical cleaning methods work by either dissolution or by forcing the contaminant off a surface with pressure. In general, less of the equipment surface is removed using non-abrasive methods. • • • • • • High-Pressure Water - using a high-pressure pump, an operator controlled directional nozzle, and highpressure hose. Operating pressure usually ranges from 340 to 680 psig, which relates to flow rates of 20 to 140 lpm.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.16.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.16.4 - Field Sampling Equipment Cleaning Procedures cont. This procedure can be expanded to include additional or alternate solvent rinses that will remove specified target compounds if required by site-specific work plans or as directed by a particular client. Table 4.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.16.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.16.6 - Hazards of Decontamination cont. • • • • • • • • Monitor air concentrations using direct-reading, real-time instruments such as OVM and Draeger tubes. Upgrade PPE as necessary (safety glasses with splash shields or goggles, respirators, neoprene gloves, and slicker suit or laboratory apron). Stay upwind (use flagging or similar device to indicate wind direction) Avoid blocking traffic and stay out of the way of drilling activities.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.16.8 - Steam Cleaning/Pressure Washing • • • • • • • • • • • • • The steam cleaner flame may not be intrinsically safe. Check hose for possible weakness or potential break points prior to use. Avoid pointing any cleaning wand toward body and never use steam, high pressure water, or compressed air for the purpose of cleaning clothes because injury can occur from contact with a highpressure stream, water, or air.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.16.9 - Health and Safety Hazards of Sampling Soil and groundwater sampling present various hazards. Besides the usual physical hazards of normal drilling activities and hazards that the individual sites pose, chemical, biological, radiological, and explosive hazards are added when drilling and sampling from monitoring wells.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline • • Inorganic Vapors and Gases -- There are only a few direct reading instruments with the capability to detect and quantify non-specific inorganic vapors and gases. PIDs have a very limited capability in this area. If specific inorganics are known or suspected of being present, an attempt should be made to provide appropriate monitoring if possible.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 4.16.10 – Work Area Monitoring cont. • When moving equipment consider the following: o Avoid wearing loose or baggy clothing. o Wear appropriate PPE including leather gloves. o Wear appropriate PPE including gloves, goggles, Tyvek suit, respirator, rubber boots, or splashguard when handling contaminated materials as detailed in the health and safety plan. o Upgrade PPE as site conditions change and additional PPE is warranted.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 4.16.10 – Work Area Monitoring cont. Consider the following when using all types of core barrels: • • Use full grip circle wrenches to assemble and disassemble core barrels. Keep hands away from the bottom of the core barrel or inner tube when removing it from, or inserting it into, the casing, augers, or drill rods.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines SECTION 5 - WELL CONSTRUCTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND ABANDONMENT 5.1 - Introduction Well construction consists of placing a well screen and casing (riser) into the open borehole. A drawing is provided as Attachment 5.A - Simplified Well Construction Diagram. The materials of construction can include screen and blank casing composed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low carbon steel, fiberglass, stainless steel, and other more exotic materials.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 5.3 - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The PPE requirements for well construction are similar to the protection worn during the drilling operations. At a minimum the following PPE is required: • • • • • Hard hat Steel toed boots Gloves Safety glasses Hearing protection Additional dermal and respiratory protection is dictated by the site-specific health and safety plan.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 5.5 - Traffic Many times the well is constructed in a high traffic area such as a retail service station. The traffic control plan developed for the drilling operations should also be used for the well construction, development, and abandonment phases of the project. 5.6 - Housekeeping of Bagged Material Filter pack, transition sand, cement, and high solids bentonite grout are normally packaged in paper bags weighing between 50 lbs and 100 lbs.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 5.7.2 - Potential Hazards for Moving Well Materials Potential hazards include: • • • • • • Manual lifting of heavy bags and awkward lengths of pipe Slips trips and falls Pinch points Obstructions (overhead and pathway) Long lengths of piping Traffic 5.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 5.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 5.10.1 - Potential Hazards of Well Development • • • • • • • • Pinch points Tool lengths Moving cables Contaminated fluids Acids and polyphosphates Electricity Noise Pressurized lines 5.11 - Surface Completion Prior to well surface completion the following should be considered: • • Type of completion - flush mount, above grade, locking Bollard location and clearances 5.11.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 5.12.2 - Potential Hazards of Abandon in Place • • • • • • Silica and other dust – Skin and eye contact must be avoided and respiratory protection worn.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Attachment 1.A - Typical Health and Safety Plan (HASP) Organization and Contents NOTE: The list of topics offered below is presented as an example. It is not comprehensive or intended to be adequate for all project applications and work plans.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines MAKEHOLE HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 5 - WORK ZONES AND DECONTAMINATION • Site Work Zones • Exclusion Zone • Decontamination Zone • Support Zone • Decontamination • Decontamination of Personnel • Equipment Decontamination SECTION 6 - ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND CONTINGENCY PLAN • Accident Prevention • Sampling • Equipment Operation and Maintenance • Contingency Plan • Emergency Procedures • Chemical Exposure and Personal Injury • Non-Lif
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Attachment 1.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS FORM JOB TITLE/TASK: Pre-Ground Disturbance Clearance Activities PROJECT ID PROJECT MANAGER: DATE: REVISION: HEALTH/SAFETY DIRECTOR: RECOMMENDED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): _X_ Safety Glasses w/ Sideshields _X_ Steel-toed Boots _X_ Hard Hat _X_ Nitrile Gloves _X_ Leather Work Gloves _X_ Other _As specified in HASP and JSA Job Step_______ JOB STEP POTENTIAL HAZARDS PREVENTATIVE/CORRECTIVE ACTION APPLIES TO PROJECT (Y/N)
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS FORM JOB TITLE/TASK: Pre-Ground Disturbance Clearance Activities PROJECT ID PROJECT MANAGER: DATE: REVISION: HEALTH/SAFETY DIRECTOR: RECOMMENDED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): _X_ Safety Glasses w/ Sideshields _X_ Steel-toed Boots _X_ Hard Hat _X_ Nitrile Gloves _X_ Leather Work Gloves _X_ Other _As specified in HASP and JSA Job Step_______ POTENTIAL HAZARDS JOB STEP PREVENTATIVE/CORRECTIVE ACTION adequate assistance Bend a
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS FORM JOB TITLE/TASK: Pre-Ground Disturbance Clearance Activities PROJECT ID DATE: PROJECT MANAGER: REVISION: HEALTH/SAFETY DIRECTOR: RECOMMENDED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): _X_ Safety Glasses w/ Sideshields _X_ Steel-toed Boots _X_ Hard Hat _X_ Nitrile Gloves _X_ Leather Work Gloves _X_ Other _As specified in HASP and JSA Job Step_______ JOB STEP POTENTIAL HAZARDS Underground Lines/ Tanks PREVENTATIVE/CORRECTIVE ACTION A
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Attachment 1.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS FORM JOB TITLE/TASK: Drilling/Boring and Associated Soil Sampling PROJECT ID PROJECT MANAGER: DATE: REVISION: HEALTH/SAFETY DIRECTOR: RECOMMENDED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): _X_ Safety Glasses w/ Sideshields _X_ Steel-toed Boots _X_ Hard Hat _X_ Nitrile Gloves _X_ Leather Work Gloves _X_ Other __Hearing protection and High Visibility Vest ___X____ JOB STEP POTENTIAL HAZARDS PREVENTATIVE/CORRECTIVE ACTION APPLIES TO PRO
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS FORM JOB TITLE/TASK: Drilling/Boring and Associated Soil Sampling PROJECT ID PROJECT MANAGER: DATE: REVISION: HEALTH/SAFETY DIRECTOR: RECOMMENDED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): _X_ Safety Glasses w/ Sideshields _X_ Steel-toed Boots _X_ Hard Hat _X_ Nitrile Gloves _X_ Leather Work Gloves _X_ Other __Hearing protection and High Visibility Vest ___X____ JOB STEP POTENTIAL HAZARDS and Other Overhead Obstacles Rig Movement PREVE
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS FORM JOB TITLE/TASK: Drilling/Boring and Associated Soil Sampling PROJECT ID PROJECT MANAGER: DATE: REVISION: HEALTH/SAFETY DIRECTOR: RECOMMENDED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): _X_ Safety Glasses w/ Sideshields _X_ Steel-toed Boots _X_ Hard Hat _X_ Nitrile Gloves _X_ Leather Work Gloves _X_ Other __Hearing protection and High Visibility Vest ___X____ JOB STEP POTENTIAL HAZARDS Particulates PREVENTATIVE/CORRECTIVE ACTION A
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS FORM JOB TITLE/TASK: Drilling/Boring and Associated Soil Sampling PROJECT ID PROJECT MANAGER: DATE: REVISION: HEALTH/SAFETY DIRECTOR: RECOMMENDED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): _X_ Safety Glasses w/ Sideshields _X_ Steel-toed Boots _X_ Hard Hat _X_ Nitrile Gloves _X_ Leather Work Gloves _X_ Other __Hearing protection and High Visibility Vest ___X____ JOB STEP Solid/Liquid Waste Management/ Disposal POTENTIAL HAZARDS Vapors a
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines Attachment 3.A - Pre-Mobilization Checklist / Drilling Safety Guidance Document Check When Completed Checklist of Items Participate in boring, utility, locate and walk site Verify equipment needs Verify equipment staging area(s) Verify sequence of onsite mobilizations Service brakes, including trailer brake connections Service Parking (hand) brake Service Steering mechanism.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Attachment 4.A - Sample Hazard Communication and Chemical Safety Program MAKEHOLE Drilling Co. - Hazard Communication and Chemical Safety Program Section 1 - Purpose This document serves as the MAKEHOLE Drilling Hazard Communication Program. It provides detailed safety guidelines and instructions for receipt, use, and storage of chemicals at our jobsites by employees and subcontractors.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines • and jobsite may use this master or develop a subset CIL covering chemicals present at those specific jobsites. Non-routine tasks shall be evaluated by the Project Supervisor before the task commences, to determine all hazards present.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline − Use chemicals only for specific assigned tasks in the proper manner • Subcontractors − Comply with all aspects of this program − Coordinate information with the Project Supervisor − Ensure Subcontractor employees are properly trained − Notify the Project Supervisor before bringing any chemicals into client’s property of facilities − Monitor and ensure proper storage and use of chemicals by subcontractor employees Section 6 - HAZCOM Definitions TERM Ch
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines TERM Flammable DEFINITION A chemical that falls into one of the following categories: • Aerosol, flammable means an aerosol that yields a flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening, or a flashback (a flame extending back to the valve) at any degree of valve opening, • Gas, flammable means: − ) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of thirteen (13) percent by volume or less,
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline TERM Label DEFINITION Any written, printed, or graphic material displayed on or affixed to containers of hazardous chemicals. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Written or printed material concerning a hazardous chemical which is prepared in accordance with OSHA Standard 1910.1200 requirements. Mixture Any combination of two or more chemicals if the combination is not, in whole or in part, the result of a chemical reaction.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 7.1 - General Chemical Safety Assume all chemicals are hazardous. The number of hazardous chemicals and the number of reactions between them is so large that prior knowledge of all potential hazards cannot be assumed. Use chemicals in as small quantities as possible to minimize exposure and reduce possible harmful effects.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline • Incoming chemicals are to be checked for proper labeling. The symbol below is an example of labeling used to rate the hazard of products in storage tanks. It is a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standard. Each square contains a number based upon the accompanying table. 7.2 - Rating Summary Chemical (Blue) 4 - Danger - May be fatal on short exposure. Specialized protective equipment required 3 - Warning - Corrosive or toxic.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines 8.2 - Emergency Evacuation Plan (Fires and Other Emergencies) Each location where personnel occupy a building shall have a Building Emergency Evacuation Plan that indicates the following: • • • • Instructions on how to report a fire or other emergency. A floor plan indicting each room, the available exits, fire extinguisher locations, fire alarms, evacuation route(s). A designated assembly point.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Section 10 - Hazard Communication Program and Procedure 10.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines Subcontractors All subcontractors working under our companies control are required to follow the requirements of this program.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Chemical information List (CIL) is the list of all hazardous substances in a specific location. Every substance on the CIL shall have a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) on file at the jobsite or local project/business unit office. Each supervisor is required to maintain a list such as this and forward copies of the added product MSDS to the Safety Manager for addition to the master Chemical Information List.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Information - provides the chemical name on the label to the MSDS. Also listed is the name, address and the phone number of the company, manufacturer, or distributor who provides the chemical. Section 2: Composition and Ingredients - identifies all hazardous ingredients, OSHA permissible exposure limits (PEL) and ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) Threshold Limit Values (TLV).
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline 10.5 - Effective Training All affected employees shall receive Hazard Communication and Chemical Safety Program training. In addition, employees shall receive training and information regarding hazardous chemicals and safety precautions specific to their assigned work sites. Training Content All new and affected employees shall receive safety orientation training covering the elements of the HAZCOM and Chemical Safety Program.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines Training - All training shall be recorded. Reports • All exposure incidents shall be reported. o Incident/Accident Report o All exposure events resulting in injury, illness or loss of consciousness of an employee shall be recorded as Incidents on an Incident/Accident Report.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Attachment 4.B - Drill/Direct Push Type Rig Inspection Checklist SITE/PROJECT NAME: ________________________________________________________ RIG INSPECTOR (NAME/CO.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guidelines CATEGORY Flights/Augers (cont.) Drill String Mast INSPECTION ITEMS PASS FAIL N/A ACTION NEEDED Inspect flights/augers for metal burrs. NOTE: Burrs must be filed to flat surface. Avoid stacking augers; all should lay flat on ground. Avoid manually lifting/moving augers. Should be lifted/moved with cable lines, or, at a minimum, by two persons. Drill string should not be bent or have any cracks/fractures.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline CATEGORY General INSPECTION ITEMS PASS FAIL N/A Drill rig meets regulations for transport on state/federal highways (inspection sticker, license plate, etc.). Documentation available to verify that rig was inspected prior to arriving at ExxonMobil job sites. Does the rig size meet job requirements? Exhaust Maintenance log available for previous 3 months to confirm proper maintenance/inspection.
Attachment 5.
Environmental Remediation Drilling Safety Guideline Attachment 5.B - Typical Job Safety Analysis for Equipment Loading and Unloading Job Being Analyzed: LOADING AND UNLOADING BACKHOE/FORKLIFT Date Started: Instructions: load and unload in dry even area. Watch for lift sliding on ramps, to close to the side, lift in right gear FLAT AND LEVEL WORK STEPS HAZARDS PREVENTION 1. Check area for hazards Uneven ground, wet obstruction 2.
