ML-186xW Series Mono Laser Printer User’s Guide imagine the possibilities Thank you for purchasing a Samsung product.
copyright © 2010 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. This user’s guide is provided for information purposes only. All information included herein is subject to change without notice. Samsung Electronics is not responsible for any direct or indirect damages, arising from or related to use of this user’s guide. • • • • • • Samsung and Samsung logo are trademarks of Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. PCL and PCL 6 are trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company.
safety information These warnings and precautions are included to prevent injury to you and others, and to prevent any potential damage to your machine. Be sure to read and understand all of these instructions before using the machine. Use common sense for operating any electrical appliance and whenever using your machine. Also, follow all warnings and instructions marked on the machine and in the accompanying literature. After reading this section, keep it in a safe place for future reference.
If the machine gets overheated, it releases smoke, makes strange noises, or generates an odd odor, immediately turn off the power switch and unplug the machine. The user should be able to access the power outlet in case of emergencies that might require the user to pull the plug out. ► This could result in electric shock or fire. Caution During an electrical storm or for a period of non-operation, remove the power plug from the electrical outlet. ► This could result in electric shock or fire.
Do not block or push objects into the ventilation opening. ► This could result in elevated component temperatures which can cause damage or fire. Do not allow too many papers to stack up in the paper output tray. ► It can damage the machine. Be care when replacing paper or removing jammed paper. ► New paper has sharp edges and can cause painful cuts. This machine's power interception device is the power cord. ► To switch off the power supply, remove the power cord from the electrical outlet.
Maintenance / Checking Caution Unplug this product from the wall outlet before cleaning the inside of the machine. Do not clean the machine with benzene, paint thinner or alcohol; do not spray water directly into the machine. ► This could result in electric shock or fire. Keep cleaning supplies away from children. ► Children could get hurt. When you are working inside the machine replacing supplies or cleaning the inside, do not operate the machine. ► You could get injured.
regulatory information This machine is designed for a normal work environment and certified with several regulatory statements. Laser Safety Statement The printer is certified in the U.S. to conform to the requirements of DHHS 21 CFR, chapter 1 Subchapter J for Class I(1) laser products, and elsewhere is certified as a Class I laser product conforming to the requirements of IEC 60825-1 : 2007. Class I laser products are not considered to be hazardous.
Recycling Recycle or dispose of the packaging material for this product in an environmentally responsible manner. China only Correct Disposal of This Product (Waste Electrical & Electronic Equipment) (Applicable in the European Union and other European countries with separate collection systems) This marking shown on the product, accessories or literature indicates that the product and its electronic accessories (e.g.
Change or modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. Canadian Radio Interference Regulations This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus”, ICES-003 of the Industry and Science Canada.
Important warning: You must earth this machine. The wires in the mains lead have the following color code: • Green and Yellow: Earth • Blue: Neutral • Brown: Live If the wires in the mains lead do not match the colors marked in your plug, do the following: You must connect the green and yellow wire to the pin marked by the letter “E” or by the safety ‘Earth symbol’ or colored green and yellow or green. You must connect the blue wire to the pin which is marked with the letter “N” or colored black.
European states with restrictions on use: EU In France, the frequency range is restricted to 2454-2483.5 MHz for devices above 10 mW transmitting power such as wireless EEA/EFTA countries No limitations at this time Regulatory Compliance Statements Wireless Guidance Low power, Radio LAN type devices (radio frequency (RF) wireless communication devices), operating in the 2.4 GHz/5 GHz Band, may be present (embedded) in your printer system.
China only Regulatory information_ 12
about this user’s guide This user’s guide provides information about basic understanding of the machine as well as detailed explanation on each step during actual usage. It is a valuable resource for both novice and professional users for the proper installation and use of the machine. • • • • • • Read the safety information before using the machine. If you have a problem using the machine, refer to the troubleshooting chapter. (See "Troubleshooting" on page 55.
Finding more information You can find information about setting up and using your machine in the following resources, either as a print-out or on screen. Material name Description Quick Installation Guide This guide provides information on setting up your machine. This guide is provided in the box with the printer. User’s Guide This guide provides you with step-by-step instructions for using your machine’s full features, maintaining your machine, troubleshooting, and replacing supplies.
features of your new product Your new machine is equipped with a number of special features that improve the quality of the documents you print. Special Features Print with excellent quality and speed • • You can print with a resolution of up to 1,200 x 1200 dpi effective output. Your machine prints A4-sized paper at up to 18 ppm and letter-sized paper at up to 19 ppm. Handle many different types of printable material • The 150-sheet tray supports plain paper in various sizes.
Features by Model The machine is designed to support all of your document needs from printing to more advanced networking solutions for your business. Features by model include: FEATURES ML-186xW Series High Speed USB 2.0 ● Duplex (2-sided) printing (Manual) ● Network Interface 802.11 b/g/n wireless LANa ● a. Depending on your country, wireless LAN cards may not be available. For some counties, only 802.11 b/g can be applied.
introduction 1. This chapter gives you an overview of your machine: This chapter includes: • • • • • Machine overview Control panel overview Understanding the status LED Introducing the useful buttons Turning on the machine Machine overview Front view This illustration may differ from your machine depending on its model.
Rear view This illustration may differ from your machine depending on its model.
Control panel overview This control panel may differ from your machine depending on the model. 1 2 3 4 Jam & Online/Error Shows the status of paper jams in your machine and the status of your machine. (See "Understanding the status LED" on page 20.) Wireless Shows the status of wireless network. When the LED on, the machine is ready. (See "Wireless LED" on page 20.
Understanding the status LED Wireless LED Status LEDs Wireless LED status The color of the LEDs indicates the machine's current status. Status LED Off Green On The machine is off-line. • The machine is in ready mode or warming up. • • • • • Blinking • • • Orange ) • • • • On Off ( Description Blinking • Red Blue Description On ( When the LED blinks, the machine is receiving data from the computer or printing documents.
Function Description Power On/Off Press this button to turn the power on or off. Cancel print job During printing, press this button once. The print job is cleared from both the machine and the computer and then the machine returns to the ready mode. This may take some time depending on the size of the print job. If you press this button for more than 3 seconds, the power goes off. Turning on the machine 1. Plug in the power cord. 2. Press on the control panel.
getting started 2. This chapter gives you step-by-step instructions for setting up the USB connected machine and software. This chapter includes: • • Setting up the hardware Supplied software • • System requirements Installing USB connected machine’s driver Setting up the hardware This machine will not operate when the power main fails. This section shows the steps to set up the hardware, as is explained in the Quick Install Guide.
Linux Requirement (recommended) OPERATING SYSTEM CPU free HDD space RAM Windows® 2000 Intel® Pentium® II 400 MHz (Pentium III 933 MHz) 64 MB (128 MB) 600 MB Windows® XP Intel® Pentium® III 933 MHz (Pentium IV 1 GHz) 128 MB (256 MB) 1.5 GB Windows Server® 2003 Intel® Pentium® III 933 MHz (Pentium IV 1 GHz) 128 MB (512 MB) 1.
3. Select Install now. If necessary, select a language from the drop-down list. The Advanced Installation has an option, Custom Installation. The Custom Installation allows you to select the machine’s connection and choose individual component to install. Follow the instruction on the window. 4. Read the License Agreement, and select I accept the terms of the License Agreement. Then, click Next. The software searches for the machine. 5. The searched machines will be shown on the screen.
Installing the Unified Linux Driver 1. Make sure that the machine is connected to your computer and powered on. 2. When the Administrator Login window appears, type in root in the Login field and enter the system password. You must log in as a super user (root) to install the machine software. If you are not a super user, ask your system administrator. 3. From the Samsung website, download the Unified Linux Driver package to your computer. 4.
wireless network setup 3. This chapter gives you step-by-step instructions for setting up the wireless network connected machine and software. This chapter includes: • • • • • • • • • • Network environment Introducing useful network programs Getting started Printing network configuration report Choosing the wireless network installation type Network environment See "Using SyncThru™ Web Service" on page 51. You need to set up the network protocols on the machine to use it as your network machine.
Wireless network name and network key Items to prepare Wireless networks require higher security, so when an access point is first set up, a network name (SSID), the type of security used, and a Network Key are created for the network. Locate this information before proceeding with the machine installation. You need to ensure you have the following items ready to use: • Check if the access point (or wireless router) supports Wi-Fi Protected Setup™ (WPS).
The LED blinks slowly for up to two minutes until you enter the eight-digit PIN number The wireless LED blinks in the order below: a) : The light blinks fast on the wireless LED. The machine is connecting to the access point (or wireless router). b) : When the machine is successfully connected to the wireless network, the wireless LED light stays on.
• • • • • • Operation Mode: Select Infrastructure. Authentication: Select an authentication type. Open System: Authentication is not used, and encryption may or may not be used, depending on the need for data security. Shared Key: Authentication is used. A device that has a proper WEP key can access the network. WPA Personal or WPA2 Personal: Select this option to authenticate the print server based on WPA Pre-Shared Key.
Account Control window. 4. Select the Wireless Setting and Installation option. • • • Install Now: If you have set the wireless network, click on this button to install the machine driver to use the wireless network machine. If you have not set the wireless network, click on Wireless Setting and Installation button to set the wireless network before you click on this button.
several minutes to receive the IP address. 10. The Wireless Network Setting Complete window appears. Select Yes if you accept the current settings and continue the setup procedure. Select No if you want to return to the beginning screen. Then, click on Next. 11. Click on Next when the Confirm Printer Connection window appears. 12. Select the components to be installed. Click on Next.
network administrator to get the static IP address. For example: If computer’s network information is as shown below: - IP address: 169.254.133.42 - Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 - Gateway: 169.254.133.0 Then, the machine’s network information should be as below: - IP address: 169.254.133. 43 - Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 (Use the computer’s subnet mask.) - Gateway: 169.254.133.1 17. The wireless network connects according to the network configuration. 18.
TCP/IP to enter the IP address and other network configuration values for the machine. For example: If computer’s network information is as shown below: - IP address: 169.254.133.42 - Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 - Gateway: 169.254.133.0 Then, the machine’s network information should be as below: - IP address: 169.254.133. 43 - Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 (Use the computer’s subnet mask.) - Gateway: 169.254.133.1 16. The wireless network connects according to the network configuration. 17.
• • • • • • • • • • • • Cycle the power for the access point (or wireless router), machine, and computer. Sometimes cycling the power can recover network communication. Check whether firewall software (V3 or Norton) is blocking the communication. If the computer and the machine is connected on the same network and it cannot be searched, firewall software might be blocking the communication. Refer to the user's guide for the software to turn it off and try searching for the machine again.
basic setup 4. After installation is complete, you may want to set the machine’s default settings. Refer to the next section if you would like to set or change values. This chapter gives you step-by-step instructions for setting up the machine. This chapter includes: • Setting the default tray and paper • Setting the default tray and paper Altitude adjustment Linux You can select the tray and paper you would like to keep using for printing job. From your computer Windows 1.
media and tray 5. This chapter provides information on how to load print media into your machine. This chapter includes: • • • • • Selecting print media Changing the tray size Loading paper in the tray Selecting print media Printing on special media Changing the tray size Media sizes supported in each mode You can print on a variety of print media, such as plain paper, envelopes, labels, and transparencies.
jams. 1. Open front cover and pinch the paper length guide and pull it out to extend the tray. Loading paper in the tray Tray Because the machine is very light, it can move when you open and close the tray or install and remove the toner cartridge. Be careful not to move the machine when performing these tasks. 1. Open the front cover, pinch the paper length guide and pull it out to extend the tray. Then, adjust the tray size to the media size you are loading. (See "Changing the tray size" on page 36.
• Always load the use recommended print media to avoid paper jams and print quality problems. (See "Print media specifications" on page 67.) • Flatten any curl on postcards, envelopes, and labels before loading them into the tray. 1. Load the paper in the tray. Types tray Manual feeding in traya Cotton ● Color ● Preprinted ● Recycled ● ● Envelope ● Transparency ● Labels ● CardStock ● Bond ● Archive ● ● a. Load one paper at a time.
Envelopes Transparencies Successful printing on envelopes depends upon the quality of the envelopes. To print on an envelope, the stamp area should be on the left side and the end of the envelope with the stamp area should enter the printer first in the center of the tray. To avoid damaging the machine, use only transparencies designed for laser printers.
• • Exposed areas can cause labels to peel off during printing, which can cause paper jams. Exposed adhesive can also cause damage to machine components. Do not run a sheet of labels through the machine more than once. The adhesive backing is designed for only a single pass through the machine. Do not use labels that are separating from the backing sheet or are wrinkled, bubbled, or otherwise damaged. surface, and do not allow children near it.
printing 6. This chapter explains common printing tasks. This chapter includes: • • • • • • • • • • Printer driver features Basic printing Opening printing preferences Using help Using special print features • The procedures in this chapter are mainly based on Windows XP. Printer driver features Your printer drivers support the following standard features: • Paper orientation, size, source, and media type selection • Number of copies In addition, you can use various special printing features.
Canceling a print job Using a favorite setting If the print job is waiting in a print queue or print spooler, cancel the job as follows: 1. Click the Windows Start menu. 2. For Windows 2000, select Settings > Printers. • For Windows XP/2003, select Printer and Faxes. • For Windows 2008/Vista, select Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Printers. • For Windows 7, select Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Devices and Printers.
Printing multiple pages on one sheet of paper US Folio, or Oficio sized print media. You can select the number of pages to print on a single sheet of paper. To print more than one page per sheet, the pages will be reduced in size and arranged in the order you specify. You can print up to 16 pages on one sheet. 1. To change the print settings from your software application, access Printing Preferences. (See "Opening printing preferences" on page 42.) 2.
Using an existing watermark If your machine does not have a duplex unit, you should complete the printing job manually. The machine prints every other page of the document first. After that, a message appears on your computer. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the printing job. 1. To change the print settings from your software application, access Printing Preferences. (See "Opening printing preferences" on page 42.) 2.
letterhead, you do not need to load preprinted letterhead paper in the machine, instead you can just print the letterhead overlay on your document. The resolution of the overlay document must match the resolution of the original print job. Deleting an overlay You can delete page overlays that you no longer use. 1. In the Printing Preferences window, click the Advanced tab. 2. Select Edit in the Overlay drop down list. 3. Select the overlay you want to delete from the Overlay List box. 4. Click Delete. 5.
Macintosh printing Devices and Printers. 3. Right-click your machine. 4. For Windows XP/2003/2008/Vista, press Printing Preferences. For Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, from context menus, select the Printing preferences. This chapter explains how to print using a Macintosh. You need to set the print environment before printing. • USB connected (See "Macintosh" on page 24.) If Printing preferences item has a ► mark, you can select other printer drivers connected with the selected printer.
Printing multiple pages on one sheet of paper system or the application you are using. The following pane is the first pane you will see when you open the printer properties pane. Select other advanced features from the drop down list. You can print more than one page on a single sheet of paper. This feature provides a cost-effective way to print draft pages. 1. Open an application, and select Print from the File menu. 2. Select Layout from the drop-down list.
4. Change the print job properties using the following four tabs displayed at the top of the window. • • • • General: This option allows you to change the paper size, the paper type, and the orientation of the documents. It enables the duplex feature, adds start and end banners, and changes the number of pages per sheet. Text: This option allows you to specify the page margins and set the text options, such as spacing or columns.
management tools 7. This chapter introduces management tools provided to help you make full use of your machine. This chapter includes: • • Introducing useful management tools Using the Smart Panel program • • Introducing useful management tools The programs below help you to use your machine conveniently. • "Using the Smart Panel program" on page 49. • "Using the Unified Linux Driver Configurator" on page 50.
Toner Level View the level of toner remaining in the toner cartridge(s). The machine and the number of toner cartridge(s) shown in the above window may differ depending on the machine in use. Some machines do not have this feature. Buy Now Order replacement toner cartridge(s) online. User’s Guide View the User’s Guide. 1 2 This button changes to Troubleshooting Guide when error occurs. You can directly open the troubleshooting section in the user’s guide.
• • • • • Remove Printer: Removes the selected machine. Set as Default: Sets the current selected machine as a default machine. Stop/Start: Stops/starts the machine. Test: Allows you to print a test page to ensure the machine is working properly. Properties: Allows you to view and change the printer properties.
1. Click Login on the upper right of the SyncThru™ Web Service website. A log-in page appears. 2. Type in the ID and Password then click Login. If it’s your first time logging into SyncThru™ Web Service, type in the below default ID and password. • ID: admin • Password: sec00000 SyncThru™ Web Service overview Some tabs may not appear depending on your model. Information tab This tab gives you general information about your machine. You can check things, such as remaining amount of toner.
maintenance 8. This chapter provides information about maintaining your machine and the toner cartridge. This chapter includes: • • Printing a machine report Cleaning a machine • • Printing a machine report You can print a configuration page to view current printer settings, or to help troubleshoot printer problems. (See "(WPS) button" on page 20.) Storing the toner cartridge Tips for moving & storing your machine 1. Turn the machine off and unplug the power cord. Wait for the machine to cool down.
such as benzene or thinner to clean. Printing quality problems can occur and cause damage to the machine. Tips for moving & storing your machine When moving the machine, do not tilt or turn it upside down. Otherwise, the inside of the machine may be contaminated by toner, which can cause damage to the machine or reduce print quality. 4. Reinsert the toner cartridge and close the top cover. 5. Plug in the power cord and turn the machine on.
troubleshooting 9. This chapter gives helpful information for what to do if you encounter an error. This chapter includes: • • Redistributing toner Tips for avoiding paper jams • • Redistributing toner The tabs on the sides of the cartridge and corresponding grooves within the machine will guide the cartridge into the correct position until it locks into place completely. When the toner cartridge is near the end of its life: • White streaks or light printing occurs.
In tray 5. Remove the jammed paper by gently pulling it straight out. Click this link to open an animation about clearing a jam. 1. If the output tray is opened, close the output tray first. 2. Open and close the top cover. The jammed paper is automatically ejected from the machine. Make sure to open the output tray before paper ejects from the machine. If the paper does not eject, go to the next step. 3. Remove the jammed paper by gently pulling it straight out.
Solving other problems 8. Insert the toner cartridge back into the machine. The following chart lists some trouble conditions that may occur and the recommended solutions. Follow the suggested solutions until the problem is corrected. If the problem persists, contact a service representative. Other problems include: • See "Power problems" on page 57. • See "Paper feeding problems" on page 58. • See "Printing problems" on page 58. • See "Printing quality problems" on page 60.
Paper feeding problems Condition Printing problems Suggested solutions Condition Paper jams during printing. Clear the paper jam. (See "Clearing paper jams" on page 55.) Paper sticks together. • • • • Check the maximum paper capacity of the tray. (See "Print media specifications" on page 67.) Make sure that you are using the correct type of paper. (See "Print media specifications" on page 67.) Remove paper from the tray and flex or fan the paper.
Condition The machine does not print. The machine selects print materials from the wrong paper source. Possible cause Suggested solutions Condition The document size is so big that the hard disk space of the computer is insufficient to access the print job. Allocate more hard disk space on your computer for spooling, and try printing. Pages print, but they are blank. The output tray is full. It can hold up to 100 sheets of plain paper.
Printing quality problems If the inside of the machine is dirty or paper has been loaded improperly, there might be a reduction in print quality. See the table below to clear the problem. Condition • • • • • Dropouts If white spots appear on the page: • The paper is too rough and a lot of dirt from a paper falls to the inner devices within the machine, so the transfer roller may be dirty. Clean the inside of your machine. (See "Cleaning the inside" on page 53.) • The paper path may need cleaning.
Condition Background scatter A Toner particles are around bold characters or pictures Misformed characters Page skew A aBb A aBb C A aBb C A aBb C A aBb C Cc Suggested Solutions Condition Background scatter results from bits of toner randomly distributed on the printed page. • The paper may be too damp. Try printing with a fresh ream of paper. Do not open packages of paper until necessary so that the paper does not absorb too much moisture.
Condition Character Voids A Horizontal stripes A aBb C A aBb C A aBb C A aBb C A aBb C Curl Common Linux problems Suggested Solutions Character voids are white areas within parts of characters that should be solid black: • If you are using transparencies, try another type of transparency. Because of the composition of transparencies, some character voids are normal. • You may be printing on the wrong surface of the paper. Remove the paper and turn it over. • The paper may not meet paper specifications.
Common Macintosh problems condition Suggested solutions The machine does not print PDF files correctly. Some parts of graphics, text, or illustrations are missing. Printing the PDF file as an image may enable the file to print. Turn on Print As Image from the Acrobat printing options. The document has printed, but the print job has not disappeared from the spooler in Mac OS X 10.3.2. Update your Mac OS to Mac OS X 10.3.3. or higher.
supplies 10. This chapter provides information about purchasing supplies and maintenance parts available for your machine. This chapter includes: • • How to purchase Available supplies • • Available accessories may differ from country to country. Contact your sales representatives to obtain the list of available accessories. To order Samsung-authorized supplies, accessories and, maintenance parts, contact your local Samsung dealer or the retailer where you purchased your machine.
place completely. 2. Pull the toner cartridge out. 7. Close the top cover. Make sure that the cover is securely closed. 3. Take a new toner cartridge out of its package. 4. Remove the cap protecting the toner cartridge. 5. Slowly shake the cartridge side to side five or six times to distribute the toner evenly inside the cartridge. It will assure maximum copies per cartridge. If toner gets on your clothing, wipe it off with a dry cloth and wash clothing in cold water. Hot water sets toner into fabric.
specifications 11. This chapter covers the machines primary specifications. This chapter includes: • • • • Hardware specifications Environmental specifications Electrical specifications Print media specifications The specification values listed below are subject to change without notice. See www.samsung.com/printer for possible changes in information. Hardware specifications Item Dimension Description Height 184 mm (7.24 inches) Depth 224 mm (8.82 inches) Width 341 mm (13.
Print media specifications Type Size Print media weighta/Capacityb Dimensions Tray Plain paper Letter 216 x 279 mm (8.50 x 11.00 inches) Manual feeding in the tray 60 to 120 g/m2 (16 to 32 lbs bond) • 2 150 sheets of 80 g/m (20 lbs bond) 60 to 163 g/m2 (16 to 43 lbs bond) • 1 sheet for manual feeding in the tray Legal 216 x 356 mm (8.50 x 14.00 inches) US Folio 216 x 330 mm (8.50 x 13.00 inches) A4 210 x 297 mm (8.27 x 11.69 inches) Oficio 216 x 343 mm (8.50 x 13.
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glossary The following glossary helps you get familiar with the product by understanding the terminologies commonly used with printing as well as mentioned in this user’s guide. client. BOOTP enables 'diskless workstation' computers to obtain an IP address prior to loading any advanced operating system. CCD 802.11 Charge Coupled Device (CCD) is a hardware which enables the scan job. CCD Locking mechanism is also used to hold the CCD module to prevent any damage when you move the machine. 802.
DIMM Ethernet Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM), a small circuit board that holds memory. DIMM stores all the data within the machine like printing data, received fax data. Ethernet is a frame-based computer networking technology for local area networks (LANs). It defines wiring and signaling for the physical layer, and frame formats and protocols for the media access control (MAC)/data link layer of the OSI model. Ethernet is mostly standardized as IEEE 802.3.
IEEE 1284 ITU-T No. 1 chart The 1284 parallel port standard was developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The term "1284-B" refers to a specific connector type on the end of the parallel cable that attaches to the peripheral (for example, a printer). Standardized test chart published by ITU-T for document facsimile transmissions.
MR Printer Driver Modified Read (MR) is a compression method recommended by ITU-T T.4. MR encodes the first scanned line using MH. The next line is compared to the first, the differences determined, and then the differences are encoded and transmitted. A program used to send commands and transfer data from the computer to the printer. Print Media The media like paper, envelopes, labels, and transparencies which can be used in a printer, a scanner, a fax or, a copier.
SSID USB Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a name of a wireless local area network (WLAN). All wireless devices in a WLAN use the same SSID in order to communicate with each other. The SSIDs are case-sensitive and have a maximum length of 32 characters. Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a standard that was developed by the USB Implementers Forum, Inc., to connect computers and peripherals. Unlike the parallel port, USB is designed to concurrently connect a single computer USB port to multiple peripherals.
