Product manual
Spinpoint M9TU-USB 3.0 Product Manual REV 1.0
34
USB INTERFACE AND USB COMMANDS
The magnitude of the current source and the value of the termination resistors are controlled to specified
tolerances, and together they determine the actual voltage drive levels. The DC resistance from D+ or D- to the
device ground is required to be 45Ω ±10% when measured without a load, and the differential output voltage
measured across the lines (in either the J or K state) must be ±400 mV ±10% when D+ and D- are terminated with
precision 45Ω resistors to ground.
The differential voltage developed across the lines is used for three purposes:
-A differential receiver at the receiving end of the cable receives the differential data signal.
-A differential envelope detector at the receiving end of the cable determines when the link is in the
Squelch state. A receiver uses squelch detection as indication that the signal at its connector is not valid.
-In the case of a downstream facing hub transceiver, a differential envelope detector monitors whether the
signal at its connector is in the high-speed state. A downstream facing transceiver operating in high-speed
mode is required to test for this state at a particular point in time when it is transmitting a SOF packet.
This is used to detect device disconnection. In the absence of the far end terminations, the differential
voltage will nominally double (as compared to when a high-speed device is present) when a high-speed J
or K are continuously driven for a period exceeding the round-trip delay for the cable and board-traces
between the two transceivers. USB 2.0 requires that a downstream f
acing transceiver must be able to
operate in low-speed, full-speed, and high-speed signaling modes. An upstream facing high-speed
capable transceiver must not operate in low- speed signaling mode, but must be able to operate in full-
speed signaling mode. Therefore, a 1.5kΩ pull-up on the D line is not allowed for a high-speed capable
device, since a high-speed capable transceiver must never signal low-speed operation to the hub port to
which it is attached.
6.2.2.3 High-speed (480Mb/s) Driver Characteristics
A high-speed USB connection is made through a shielded, twisted pair cable with a differential characteristic
impedance (Z0) of 90Ω
±15%, a common mode impedance (ZCM) of 30Ω ±30%, and a maximum one-way delay
of 26 ns (TFSCBL). The D+ and D- circuit board traces which run between a transceiver and its associated
connector should also have a nominal differential impedance of 90Ω, and together they may add an additional 4ns
of delay between the transceivers. The differential output impedance of a high-speed capable driver is required to
be 90Ω ±10%.
When either the D+ or D- lines are driven high, VHSOH (the high-speed mode high-level output voltage driven
on a data line with a precision 45Ω load to GND) must be 400 mV ±10%. On a line which is not driven, either
because the transceiver is not transmitting or because the opposite line is being driven high, VHSOL (the high
speed mode low-level output voltage driven on a data line with a 45Ω load to GND) must be 0 V ±10mV.
Note: Unless indicated otherwise, all voltage measurements are to be made with respect to the local circuit
ground.
Note: This specification requires that a high-speed capable transceiver operating in full-speed or low-speed
mode must have a driver impedance (ZHSDRV) of 45Ω ±10%. It is recommended that the driver impedances
be matched to within 5Ωwithin a transceiver. For upstream facing transceivers which do not support high-
speed mode, the driver output impedance (ZDRV) must fall within the range of 28Ω to 44Ω.
On downstream facing ports, RPD resistors (15 kΩ ±5%) must be connected from D+ and D- to ground. When a
high-speed capable transceiver transitions to high-speed mode, the high-speed idle state is achieved by driving
SE0 with the low-/full-speed drivers at each end of the link (so as to provide the required terminations), and by
disconnecting the D+ pull-up resistor in the upstream facing transceiver.
In the preferred embodiment, a transceiver activates its high-speed current driver only when transmitting high
speed signals. This is a potential design challenge, however, since the signal amplitude and timing specifications
must be met even on the first symbol within a packet. As a less efficient alternative, a transceiver may cause its
high-speed current source to be continually active while in high-speed mode. When the transceiver is not
transmitting, the current may be directed into the device ground rather than through the current steering switch
which is used for data signaling. In CMOS implementations, the driver impedance will typically be realized by the
combination of the driver’s intrinsic output impedance
and RS. To optimally control ZHSDRV and to minimize
parasitics, it is preferred the driver impedance be minimized (under 5Ω) and the balance of the 45Ω should be
contributed by the RS component.