SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR OPERATION GUIDE
C O N T EN T S HOW TO OPERATE Read Before Using Key layout/Reset switch 2 Display pattern Display format 3 3 Exponent display 4 Angular unit 5 Function and Key Operation O N /O FF, entry correction keys 6 Data entr y keys 7 Random key 8 9 Modify key Basic arithmetic keys, parentheses 10 Percent 11 Inverse, square, cube, xth power of y, square root, cube root, xth root of y 10 to the power of x, common logarithm 12 13 e to the power of x, natural logarithm 14 Factorials 15 Permutatio
H ow to O pe ra te ≈R ead B efore U sing≈ T his operation guide has been written based on the EL-531W , EL-509W , and EL-531W H models. Some functions described here are not featured on other models. In addition, key operations and symbols on the display may differ according to the model. 1 . K E Y L AY O U T 2nd function key Pressing this key will enable the functions written in orange above the calculator buttons.
3 . D I S P L AY P AT T E R N The actual display does not appear like this. This illustration is for explanatory purposes only. 4 . D I S P L A Y F O R M AT A N D DE C I MA L S E T T I N G F U N C T I ON For convenient and easy operation, this model can be used in one of four display modes. T he selected display status is shown in the upper part of the display (Format Indicator).
SCI DEG X10 (SC I mode) ENG DEG X10 (EN G mode) DEG (normal mode) 5 . E X P O N E N T DI S P L AY T he distance from the earth to the sun is approx. 150,000,000 (1.5 x 108) km. Values such as this with many zeros are often used in scientific calculations, but entering the zeros one by one is a great deal of work and it’s easy to make mistakes. In such a case, the numerical values are divided into mantissa and exponent portions, displayed and calculated.
. ANGUL AR UNIT Angular values are converted from DEG to RAD to GRAD with each push of the DRG key. T his function is used when doing calculations related to trigonometric functions or coordinate geometry conversions. D egrees ( D E G is shown at the top of the display) A commonly used unit of measure for angles. T he angular measure of a circle is expressed as 360°.
≈F unction and K ey Operation≈ ON/OFF, Entry Correction Keys Turns the calculator on or clears the data. It also clears the contents of the calculator display and voids any calculator command; however, coefficients in 3-variable linear equations and statistics, as well as values stored in the independent memor y in normal mode, are not erased. Turns the calculator off. C lears all internal values, including coefficients in 3-variable linear equations and statistics.
Data Entry Keys 0 to 9 N umeric keys for entering data values. D ecimal point key. Enters a decimal point. Enters minus symbol or sign change key. C hanges positive numbers to negative and negative numbers to positive. Pressing π automatically enters the value for π (3.14159...). T he constant π, used frequently in function calculations, is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Pressing this key switches to scientific notation data entry.
Random Generates random numbers. Random numbers are three-decimal-place values between 0.000 and 0.999. Using this function enables the user to obtain unbiased sampling data derived from random values generated by the calculator. 0. * * * (A random number has been generated. ) [ R andom D ice] T o simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be generated by pressing . T o generate the next random dice number, press .
Modify Function to round calculation results. Even after setting the number of decimal places on the display, the calculator performs calculations using a larger number of decimal places than that which appears on the display. By using this function, internal calculations will be performed using only the displayed value. FIX mode TAB = 1 (normal calculation) 5 9 0.6 9 5.0 (internally, 0 . 5 5 5 5 . . . ) Rounded calculation (MDF) 5 9 0.6 (internally, 0 . 5 5 5 5 . . .
Basic Arithmetic Keys, Parentheses T he four basic operators. Each is used in the same way as a standard calculator: + (addition), – (subtraction), x (multiplication), and ÷ (division). Finds the result in the same way as a standar d calculator. Used to specify calculations in which certain operations have precedence. You can make addition and subtraction operations have precedence over multiplication and division by enclosing them in parentheses.
Percent For calculating percentages. Four methods of calculating percentages are presented as follows. 1) $125 increased by 10%…137.5 125 DEG 10 2) $125 reduced by 20%…100 125 DEG 20 3) 15% of $125…18.
Inverse, Square, Cube, xth Power of y, Square Root, Cube Root, xth Root of y C alculates the inverse of the value on the display. Squares the value on the display. C ubes the value on the display. C alculates exponential values. C alculates the square root of the value on the display. C alculates the cube root of the value on the display. C alculates the xth root of y.
10 to the Power of x, Common Logarithm C alculates the value of 10 raised to the xth power. C alculates logarithm, the exponent of the power to which 10 must be raised to equal the given value.
e to the Power of x, Natural Logarithm C alculates powers based on the constant e (2.718281828). C omputes the value of the natural logarithm, the exponent of the power to which e must be raised to equal the given value.
Factorials T he product of a given positive integer n multiplied by all the lesser positive integers from 1 to n-1 is indicated by n! and called the factorial of n. O per ation D isplay DEG 7 c.f n! = 1 x 2 x 3 x …xn A P P L IC AT IO N S : Used in statistics and mathematics. In statistics, this function is used in calculations involving combinations and permutations.
Permutations, Combinations T his function finds the number of different possible orderings in selecting r objects from a set of n objects. For example, there are six different ways of ordering the letters ABC in groups of three letters—ABC , AC B, BAC , BC A, C AB, and C BA. T he calculation equation is 3P3 = 3 x 2 x 1 = 6 (ways). T his function finds the number of ways of selecting r objects from a set of n objects.
Time Calculation C onver ts a sexagesimal value displayed in degrees, minutes, seconds to decimal notation. Also, conver ts a decimal value to sexagesimal notataion (degrees, minutes, seconds). Inputs values in sexagesimal notation (degrees, minutes, seconds). C onver t 24° 28’ 35” (24 degr ees, 28 minutes, 35 seconds) to decimal notation. T hen conver t 24.476° to sexagesimal notation.
Fractional Calculations Inputs fractions and converts mutually between fractions and decimals. C onverts between mixed numbers and improper fractions. 1 5 Add 3 2 and 7 , and convert to decimal notation.
Memory Calculations ~ Stores displayed values in memories A~F, X ,Y, M. Recalls values stored in A~F, X , Y, M. Adds the displayed value to the value in the independent memor y M. Subtracts the displayed value from the value in the independent memory M. Temporary memories ~ Independent memory O per ation D isplay DEG 0 (Enter 0 for M) 25 27 DEG M 7 3 DEG M DEG C alculates $/¥ at the designated exchange rate.
Last Answer Memory Automatically recalls the last answer calculated by pressing Solve for x first and then solve for y using x.
Trigonometric Functions T rigonometric functions determine the ratio of three sides of a right triangle. T he combinations of the three sides are sin, cos, and tan. T heir relations are: a b θ C alculates the sine of an angle. b sin θ = a C alculates the cosine of an angle. c cos θ = a C alculates the tangent of an angle. b tan θ = c c T he angle from a point 15 meters from a building to the highest floor of the building is 45°.
Arc Trigonometric Functions Arc trigonometric functions, the inverse of trigonometric functions, are used to determine an angle from ratios of a right triangle. T he combinations of the three sides are sin-1, cos-1, and tan-1. T heir relations are; a b θ c b (arc sine) D etermines an angle based on the ratio b/a of two sides of a right triangle. θ = sin -1 a (arc cosine) D etermines an angle based on the ratio c/a for two sides of a right triangle.
Hyperbolic Functions T he hyperbolic function is defined by using natural exponents in trigonometric functions. Arc hyperbolic functions are defined by using natural logarithms in trigonometric functions. A P P L IC AT IO N S : Hyperbolic and arc hyperbolic functions are ver y useful in electrical engineer ing and physics.
Coordinate Conversion C onverts rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates (x, y ← r, θ) C onverts polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates (r, θ ← x, y) Splits data used for dual-variable data input. ← y or r ← ← θ) Displays r, θ and x, y. (Cx ← y y Rectangular coordinates P (r,θ) P (x,y) y o r x x Polar coordinates o θ x Determine the polar coordinates (r, θ) when the rectangular coordinates of Point P are (x = 7, y = 3).
Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Operations (N-Base) T his calculator can perform conversions between numbers expressed in binary, pental, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal systems. It can also perform the four basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses and memory calculations using binary, pental, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal numbers.
Statistics Function T he statistics function is excellent for analyzing qualities of an event. T hough primarily used for engineering and mathematics, the function is also applied to nearly all other fields including economics and medicine. D AT A I N P U T A N D C O R R E C T I O N Enters data for statistical calculations. C lears data input. Splits data used for dual-variable data input. (Used for dual-variable statistical calculations.) Here is a table of examination results.
“ A N S ” K E Y S F O R 1 -V A R I A B L E S T AT I S T I C S C alculates the average value of the data (sample data x). C alculates the standard deviation for the data (sample data x). C alculates the standard deviation of a data population (sample data x). Displays the number of input data (sample data x). C alculates the sum of the data (sample data x). C alculates the sum of the data (sample data x) raised to the second power. N OT E : 1.
DA T A C OR R E C T I ON C orrection prior to pressing immediately after a data entry: Delete incorrect data with , then enter the correct data. C orrection after pressing : Use to display the data previously entered. Press to display data items in ascending (oldest first) order. T o reverse the display order to descending (latest first), press the key. Each item is displayed with 'X n=', 'Yn=', or 'N n=' (n is the sequential number of the data set).
O per ation D isplay X2= 45 3 X2= N2= 60 X3= DEG STAT DEG STAT DEG STAT DEG STAT A P P L IC A T IO N S : Single-variable statistical calculations are used in a broad range of fields, including engineering, business, and economics. T hey are most often applied to analysis in atmospheric observations and physics experiments, as well as for quality control in factories.
T he table below summarizes the dates in April when cherry blossoms bloom, and the average temperature for March in that same area. Determine basic statistical quantities for data X and data Y based on the data table. D ata table 3 x y Year 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 A ver age tem per ature 6.2 7.0 6.8 8.7 7.9 6.5 6.1 8.
“ A N S ” K E Y S F O R 2 -V A R I A B L E S T AT I S T I C S In addition to the 1-variable statistic keys, the following keys have been added for calculating 2-variable statistics. C alculates the sum of the product for sample data x and sample data y. C alculates the sum of the data (sample data y). C alculates the sum of the data (sample data y) raised to the second power . C alculates the average value of the data (sample data y). C alculates the standard deviation for the data (sample data y).
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