3Com® Network Director User Guide 3C15500 http://www.3com.com/ Part No.
3Com Corporation 350 Campus Drive Marlborough MA USA 01752-3064 Copyright © 2004, 3Com Technologies. All rights reserved. No part of this documentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transformation, or adaptation) without written permission from 3Com Technologies.
The SUN J2RE software included in this product includes code licensed from RSA Security, Inc. Some portions of the SUN J2RE software licensed from IBM are available at http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu4j/ AdventNet Java SNMP Package Version 1.3.2 Copyright (c) 1998-99 AdventNet, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Portions of this software were derived from the CMP SNMP 1.2U distribution and the following notice applies to the CMU software. Copyright 1989 by Carnegie Mellon University. All Rights Reserved.
CONTENTS ABOUT THIS GUIDE Conventions 32 Feedback about this User Guide Related Documentation 33 1 33 GETTING STARTED Introduction 35 What is 3Com Network Director 35 On the CD 35 Installation 36 Activation 36 Getting Started 37 Creating a New Network Map 38 Discovery Type Step 38 Specify Subnets Step 38 Monitor Core Devices and Links Step 38 Community Strings Step 38 NBX Voice Network Step 38 NBX Call Processors Step 38 Discovery Options Step 39 Scheduled Discovery Step 39 Summary Step 39 Upgrading fro
Network Monitoring 42 The Event System 43 Reports on Historical Data 43 RMON Support 43 VLAN Support 43 Bulk Configuration 44 Backup, Restore and Setup 44 Agent Update 44 Traffic Prioritization 44 Reporting 45 Device Administration 45 Live Update 45 2 PRODUCT ACTIVATION Introduction 47 Key Concepts 48 Components 48 About Dialog 48 Activation Wizard 49 Obtaining Product Upgrades 51 US, Canada and Latin America 52 Outside US, Canada and Latin America 52 Examples 52 Activating 3Com Network Director 52 Useful
Why can’t I log in to the 3Com support web site? 55 I want to install my upgrade from 3Com Network Supervisor Advanced Package v2.0 to 3Com Network Director on a different workstation. 55 I want to upgrade my copy of 3Com Network Supervisor Advanced Package v2.0 to 3Com Network Director v1.0 56 Troubleshooting 58 My license key to upgrade from 3Com Network Supervisor Advanced Package v2.
Monitoring 81 Logging 82 VLANs 84 Retry/Timeout 84 Security 85 Help > Contents and Index Menu Option 87 Help > Launch User Guide 87 Help > About 3Com® Director Menu Option 88 Examples 88 Finding the Product Version 88 Finding the Serial Number, License Number and Activation Key Key Considerations 90 Scheduled Tasks 90 4 DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Overview 91 Key Concepts 92 The Discovery Process – Detecting Devices 92 IP Ping 93 Device Capability Detection 93 SNMP Type Detection 94 IP to MAC Resolution 94 En
Other Clouds 103 The Discovery Process – Rediscovery 104 Scheduled Discoveries 106 Components 106 Launching a discovery 106 The Welcome dialog box 107 File > New 107 Tools > Network Discovery with nothing selected 108 Tools > Network Discovery with a discovered subnet selected Tools > Network Discovery with an undiscovered subnet selected 109 The Network Discovery Wizard 109 Discovery Type Pane 110 Specify Subnets Pane 111 Editing subnets in the list 114 Removing subnets from the list 114 Choosing from a li
I have four separate subnets - how do I specify them? 137 One of my subnets is over a slow WAN link - can I discover it, and if so, what settings should I use? 138 I am using different SNMP community strings for different devices on my network - how do I specify this? 139 Useful Information and References 140 Why the discovered map may not exactly reflect the network 140 Some devices haven't appeared 140 Some devices are the wrong type 141 There are clouds in my map 141 Support for 3Com devices 142 Support
Pull-Right Menu for Clouds 169 Subnets 169 Device Groups 172 Tooltips 174 Map Item Labels and Address Translation 175 Navigation 182 Panning 182 Zoom in 182 Zoom out 183 Fit to page 183 Shortcut Symbols 186 Navigating Around the Map Using the Tree 187 Viewing the VLANs on Your Network 188 Trace Path 188 Using The Trace Path Wizard 191 Finding Items on Your Network 192 Using Wildcards to Find Partial Matches 193 Searching Within the Search Results 194 Using the Find Dialog Box to Select Items for Operations
Adding a Link between Map Items from Different Submaps 220 Adding a New Device on Your Network Into the Map 221 Useful Information and References 225 Graphical Support for Specific Device Types 225 NBX Network Telephony Solution 225 3Com Switch 4007 225 3Com Wireless Access Points 225 Files Associated with Saved Maps 226 Network Login 227 6 VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Overview 229 Key Concepts 230 Items Supported by the Properties Dialog Box 230 Components 230 Launching the Properties Dialog Box 230 Structure
Changing the Custom Name 254 Setting the IP Address for a Manually Added Device 255 Setting the Port Numbers for a Manually Added Link 257 Changing the Community Strings for a Device 258 Changing the Monitoring Settings 261 Changing the Retry and Timeout Settings for a Device or Subnet Changing the Discovery Options for a Subnet 263 Examples 264 Key Considerations 269 Troubleshooting 269 7 MONITORING THE NETWORK Overview 273 Key Concepts 273 Monitor 273 Monitoring and Event Generation 274 Monitoring State
Showing Thresholds 289 Showing Plot Points 290 Exporting a Graph 290 Zooming into a Graph 291 Poll Rates 293 Configuration 293 Starting and Stopping Monitoring 293 Disabling and Enabling Individual Monitors 294 Controlling Monitoring Type and Polling Rates 296 Monitoring Mode 296 Poll Rate 298 Specifying Monitoring Mode and Poll Rates at the Whole Map Level 298 Specifying Monitoring Mode and Poll Rates at the Subnet Level 300 Specifying Monitoring Mode and Poll Rates at the Device Level 301 Specifying Monit
3Com Network Director Internal Events 321 Event Severities 321 Information Severity 321 Warning Severity 322 High Severity Events 322 Critical Severity 322 Recurring Severity 322 Event Severity Colors 323 Event Resolution 323 Smart Event Analysis 324 Event Correlation 324 Recurring Event Handling 324 Event Suppression 325 SNMP Trap Filtering 325 Alerts 325 Events List Components 326 Launching the Events Window 326 Events Main Window 327 Events List 327 Events Toolbar 329 Events Menu 329 Status Bars 331 Work
Description Filter 343 Comment Filter 343 Filter Status Bar 343 More Detail Dialog Box 344 Event Tab 345 Graphs Tab 346 Trap Decode Tab 348 Event System Configuration 349 Disabling and Enabling Events 349 Disabled Events Dialog Box 350 Selecting Items 351 Controlling Smart Event Analysis 352 Controlling Global Smart Event Analysis 353 Controlling SNMP Trap Filtering 354 Controlling Per-Event Advanced Settings 355 Setting Thresholds for Monitor-Based Events 356 High and Warning Thresholds 356 Launching the T
Filter Has Excluded All Events No Graph Available for an Event 9 383 383 PERFORMANCE REPORTING Overview 385 Key Concepts 385 Automated logging 385 Data resolutions 386 Reporting 386 Components 386 Historical report 386 Link monitors 389 Logging options 390 Database 391 Examples 392 Determining the cause of high errors on a link 392 Predicting demand for bandwidth requirements 392 Web server analysis 393 Useful Information and References 395 RRDTool 395 Mapping file format 395 Devices 395 Links between sw
What is RMON 404 Statistics 404 History 404 Host 405 HostTopN 405 Matrix 406 HC-RMON 406 Components 407 3Com support for RMON 407 The RMONView window 407 The Menu bar 408 414 The Toolbar 414 The Table View 416 416 The Graph View 417 Viewing data from the RMON Statistics group 417 Viewing RMON Statistics data for a selected device 417 3Com Switch 4007 418 Viewing data from the RMON History group 423 Viewing RMON History data for a selected device 423 3Com Switch 4007 424 Viewing RMON history data for a selec
How do I graph utilization on a specific VLAN? 451 How do I view the data associated with an aggregated link? 451 Useful Information And References 452 RMON 452 RMON Support on individual 3Com devices 452 RMON Limits on individual devices (for table creation) 452 Key Considerations 452 11 CREATING REPORTS Overview 453 Key Concepts 454 Selection-sensitive 454 Feature Reports Types 454 Device Report History - Restriction 455 Custom Report Types 455 Reports History 455 Export to CSV 456 Components 456 Invent
12 CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES Overview 473 Key Concepts 474 Web Management 474 Telnet Management 474 SSH Management 474 Administration Menu 474 3Com Device View 475 3Com Switch Manager 475 3Com Router Manager 475 Network Jack Configuration Manager 475 IP Ping 475 Trace Route 476 Properties Dialog Box 478 General 478 Security 479 Unit Information 480 VLANs 481 Registering Devices for Warranty 483 Components 483 Device Warranty Dialog Box 483 Device Warranty Wizard 484 Introduction Step 484 Contact Details S
Key Considerations 496 Troubleshooting 496 The Device Warranty dialog box is not displayed after a Network Discovery 496 3Com Network Director lists some devices as unregistered, although you have already registered them on the 3Com website 496 Frequently Asked Questions 497 Why are some registered devices missing from the email? 497 Why is there no warranty associated with some of the devices in the email? 497 13 VLAN MANAGEMENT Overview 499 Viewing the VLANs configured on your network 499 Configuring VL
VLANs tab for VLAN-unaware devices 530 VLAN configuration report 533 Misconfigurations and Optimizations Report 534 Inconsistent VLAN configuration on link 535 Inconsistent VLAN naming 535 Changes Report 536 Trace Path 537 Create VLAN wizard 537 Launching the wizard 537 Checking VLAN connectivity 543 Adding an IP routing interface 547 Summary of changes to be made 550 Edit Port VLAN Membership wizard 552 Launching the wizard 552 Modifying the list of selected switches and ports 553 Checking VLAN connectivit
Reference C 14 576 BULK CONFIGURATION Overview 577 Key Concepts 578 Configuration Templates 578 Device and Port Selections 579 Components 579 Configuration Editor Dialog Box 580 Configuration Summary Tree Features 581 Feature Configuration Panels 582 Loading and Saving Configuration Templates 584 Selection Editor Dialog Box 584 Editing Device and Port Selections 585 Loading and Saving Device and Port Selections 588 Applying a Configuration Template to a Device or Port Selection Configuration Summary Repo
Examples 612 Configuring User Accounts 612 Configuring Network Login 615 Useful Information and References 619 Supported Devices 619 Supported Features by Device Family 619 Key Considerations 621 Potential Hazards when using Bulk Configuration 15 621 PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC Overview 623 Key Concepts 624 Classification 624 Marking 625 Queuing 627 Dropping 629 Service Levels 629 Configuring the Network for End-to-end Traffic Prioritization Components 631 Prioritize Network Traffic Wizard 631 Configura
Useful Information and References 652 User Priority Field 652 DiffServ Codepoint Field 653 Determining Field Values for Applications 654 3Com Network Director Classifier Rules for NBX Phone Traffic 654 3Com Network Director Service Levels 655 Configuration Levels for Supported 3Com Devices 655 Key Considerations 657 Resource Warnings 657 Why Errors Can Occur When Adding a Server 659 Potential Hazards When Blocking Traffic To and From Servers 659 Servers That Cannot be Selected for Blocking 660 Potential Haz
Useful Information and References 676 Supported Devices 676 Agent Image Filenames 676 Key Considerations 677 Co-existence With Other TFTP Servers 677 Considerations When Downgrading Devices 677 Troubleshooting Device Problems Following Agent Update Repeated Timeouts 678 17 677 USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Overview 681 Key Concepts 681 Multi-Site Networks 681 Local and Remote Sites 681 Issues with Managing a Multi-Site Network 682 3Com Network Director Support for Multi-Site Network
Specifying Retries and Timeout Periods at the Subnet Level 697 Specifying Retries and Timeout Periods at the Device Level 699 Specifying Retries and Timeout Periods in the Network Discovery Wizard 700 Determining Appropriate Retry and Timeout Periods 701 Issues and Techniques when Configuring the Retry/Timeout Hierarchy 704 Configuring Monitoring Modes and Poll Rates 705 Determining Monitoring Modes and Poll Rates 706 Issues and Techniques when Configuring Monitoring Modes and Poll Rates 709 Configuring Dis
Discovering the NBX Voice Network 757 NBX Voice Network Step 757 NBX Call Processors Step 757 Add NBX Call Processor/Modify NBX Call Processor 759 Properties dialog box 760 Monitoring the Phone Network 761 Monitoring the NBX Call Processor 761 Monitoring a Phone 761 Monitoring a Line Card 762 Selecting the Phones Associated with an NBX Call Processor 762 Finding out Which NBX Call Processor is Associated with a Phone 764 Understanding Voice-related 3Com Network Director Events 765 Events related to the NBX
Why are there a lot of unconnected phones on the map? 774 The phone was removed from the network 774 The phone cannot be reached 775 The network device the phone is connected to has not been discovered 775 Why are some phones on the map showing the user name, while others show the extension number? 775 How do I change the label of a phone or line card? 776 19 BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS Overview 777 Key Concepts 778 Physical Identification of Devices 778 Physical Configuration of Devices 778 Backup C
Configuration Source Type Step 793 Specify Source Device Step 793 Specify Source Backup Step 794 Specify Devices to Setup Step 795 Summary Step and Progress 796 Device Setup Event 798 Setup Summary Report 798 Examples 799 Scheduling a Device Backup Operation 799 Restoring to a Replacement Device 801 Deploying a Group of Devices 802 Useful Information and References 805 Supported 3Com Devices 805 Supported Device Parameters 806 Understanding Backup Files 807 Managing Backup Files 807 Key Considerations 808 H
Download Progress 821 Changing the Download Settings 822 Live Update Activity Report 825 Examples 826 Ensuring 3Com Devices are Supported 826 Updating the Connection Information 827 Solution 1 - Automatic Configuration using the Live Update Setup Wizard 828 Solution 2 - Manual Configuration using the Options Dialog Box 829 Updating 3Com Router Manager 830 Useful Information and References 831 Proxy Server 831 Key Considerations 831 The Proxy Settings are not Retrieved 831 Not Enough Space on the Disk 832 Ca
C OBTAINING SUPPORT FOR YOUR PRODUCT Register Your Product to Gain Service Benefits 855 Purchase Value-Added Services 855 Troubleshoot Online 855 Access Software Downloads 856 Contact Us 856 Telephone Technical Support and Repair 856 D SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Operating System 859 Web Browser 859 Additional Software Required Hardware 860 E 859 REPORT EXAMPLES Overview 861 Discovery Report 862 Discovery Report Example 862 Discovery Report Example Content 863 Warnings 865 Network Configuration 1 866 Network
F ADDING TRAP DECODES G ADDING MAC ADDRESS VENDOR TRANSLATIONS H INTEGRATING AN SSH CLIENT INDEX 3COM END USER SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT
ABOUT THIS GUIDE This guide is intended for use by those responsible for installing, setting up and managing a network; consequently, it assumes a working knowledge of networks and network management systems. If the Release Notes provided with this 3Com® Network Director User Guide contain details that differ from the information in this guide, follow the information in the release notes.
32 ABOUT THIS GUIDE Conventions Table 1 and Table 2 list conventions that are used throughout this guide. Table 1 Notice Icons Icon Notice Type Description Information note Information that describes important features or instructions. Caution Information that alerts you to potential loss of data or potential damage to an application, system, or device. Warning Information that alerts you to potential personal injury.
Feedback about this User Guide Feedback about this User Guide 33 Your suggestions are very important to us. They will help make our documentation more useful to you. Please e-mail comments about this document to 3Com at: pddtechpubs_comments@3com.com Please include the following information when commenting: ■ Document title ■ Part number ■ Page number (if appropriate) Example: ■ 3Com Network Director User Guide ■ Part No.
34 ABOUT THIS GUIDE
1 GETTING STARTED Introduction What is 3Com Network Director This chapter contains introductory information about 3Com® Network Director, how to install and activate the application and a brief summary of all its major features. 3Com Network Director is a standalone application that allows you to carry out key management and administrative tasks on mid-sized enterprise networks.
36 CHAPTER 1: GETTING STARTED Use Windows Explorer to browse the CD and access the files. Installation 3Com recommends that you install the Router Manager and Switch Manager applications before you install 3Com Network Director. These applications must be installed first so that the 3Com Network Director installation can create the correct shortcuts to these applications. To install 3Com Network Director, insert the product CD in your computer’s CDROM drive and browse the CD.
Getting Started 37 Figure 2 About Dialog To activate your software: 1 Click Activate Now to launch the Activation Wizard. 2 The wizard will ask you for your license key. Enter the key and click Next. 3Com Network Director will then direct you to a 3Com activation website to retrieve your activation key. 3 Once you have your activation key, enter it into the Activation Key text box and click Finish to complete the activation process. For more information, please refer to “Product Activation” on page 47.
38 CHAPTER 1: GETTING STARTED Creating a New Network Map ■ Open an existing map ■ Open the last map you were using To create a new map, select Create a new network map and click OK to launch the Network Discovery wizard.
Getting Started 39 Discovery Options Step You can choose what types of devices you want to discover on your network. By default, 3Com Network Director will discover and map all devices on your network. Scheduled Discovery Step If you want to regularly discover your network in order to keep it up-to-date, you can specify a schedule here. If you choose not to set up a schedule now, you can set one up at any time after your network has been discovered.
40 CHAPTER 1: GETTING STARTED Using saved Network Supervisor maps You can load maps generated with Network Supervisor into Network Director and they will be automatically upgraded for use with Network Director, but with the following restrictions: ■ All stress monitoring will initially be disabled ■ Any manually disabled stress monitors will be re-enabled ■ Any manually adjusted thresholds will be reset to default values ■ Information shown in the Network Director Properties dialog may be incomplet
Getting Started 41 If you save an upgraded map from within 3Com Network Director you will be unable to subsequently load it back into 3Com Network Supervisor. Using saved 3Com Network Supervisor files You cannot access the following 3Com Network Supervisor files from within 3Com Network Director: ■ Saved device backup files, generated using the Device->Backup... dialog ■ Previously generated reports, visible through the History tab of the Tools->Reports...
42 CHAPTER 1: GETTING STARTED Main Features Main Window This section outlines the main features in 3Com Network Director, with references to the relevant chapters where each feature is described in more detail. The map and tree within the Main Window provide the main interface for viewing and managing your network.
Main Features The Event System 43 The 3Com Network Director Event System provides a constantly updated log of activity on your network and can be used to view and take action on abnormal network conditions before they cause problems. The event system offers filtering tools to allow you to view only events of interest and offers configurable Smart Event Analysis to help ensure that logged events are relevant and concise. For more information, see “The Event Log” on page 319.
44 CHAPTER 1: GETTING STARTED Bulk Configuration The Bulk Configuration feature allows you to change the software configuration of multiple devices in a single operation. The settings that you wish to administer can be defined by creating a configuration template to be applied to the devices during a configuration operation. The devices or ports to which the configuration is being applied can be specified by creating a device or port selection.
Main Features Reporting 45 The Reporting facility enables you to retrieve stored information about your 3Com devices. Many of the features in 3Com Network Director have their own reports but there are other, general purpose reports which give you different views of your 3Com devices. You can also create your own reports using the Custom Report facility. For more information, see “Creating Reports” on page 453.
46 CHAPTER 1: GETTING STARTED
2 Introduction PRODUCT ACTIVATION 3Com Network Director uses an activation system which allows you to use your copy of the software beyond the evaluation period. This chapter describes how to activate 3Com Network Director. Once you have installed 3Com Network Director, you can use it for a evaluation period of up to 60 days without activating it. During this time, you have the opportunity to activate the product each time you launch it.
48 CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT ACTIVATION Key Concepts 3Com Network Director uses the following information in the activation process: ■ The Serial Number — 3Com Network Director automatically generates this number when it is first installed. ■ The License Key — identifies the physical copy of the software you have. Each 3Com Network Director CD has a unique license key. ■ The Product Number — the part number of your software, which starts with ‘3C’. The part number for 3Com Network Director is 3C15500.
Components 49 Figure 3 About Dialog Before Registration When the evaluation period has expired, most menu options are disabled. However, you can still activate the product using the Help > Activate Now menu option or by clicking Activate Now in the About dialog. You can close the dialog without activating the product by clicking OK. Once the product has been activated the Activate Now button will not be displayed. Activation Wizard The Activation Wizard guides you through the activation process.
50 CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT ACTIVATION The wizard consists of two steps as follows: 1 Entering the license key — the key can be found inside the CD sleeve of your 3Com Network Director software. The license key is five groups of hexadecimal characters separated by dashes.
Components 51 Figure 5 Activation Wizard - Activation Key The wizard already knows the product number and serial number so you do not have to type them in. To obtain the activation key for this copy of 3Com Network Director, click Get Activation Key. This launches your default web browser, which displays the 3Com registration web site. 3Com Network Director sends the serial number, product number and license key for you.
52 CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT ACTIVATION 3Com strongly recommends that a Software Upgrade service agreement is purchased with each copy of 3Com Network Director, as product updates to 3Com Network Director will only be made available to customers with current service agreements. Without a current service agreement, 3Com Network Director may not be able to recognize new 3Com network devices. All software upgrades for 3Com Network Director are available for download from the 3Com web site.
Useful Information and References 53 4 In the Activation Key step, click Get Activation Key. Your default web browser is launched which automatically directs you to the 3Com registration site. If the wizard fails to launch your web browser, you can go directly to 3Com’s registration system by opening your preferred web browser and entering the following URL into the browser’s address bar: http://www.3com.
54 CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT ACTIVATION What product number is right for me? If you have not previously purchased 3Com Network Supervisor Advanced Package v2.0, you must order 3Com Network Director product number 3C15500 from your reseller. If you have previously purchased 3Com Network Supervisor Advanced Package v2.0 and want to keep using this software on a different workstation from 3Com Network Director then you must order 3Com Network Director product number 3C15500 from your reseller.
Key Considerations 55 machine the software is installed on). To comply with the software license agreement you must remove the original installation. If I re-install the product after it has been activated, do I need to activate it again? No - the product activation information is stored on your computer and will remain intact following de-installation and re-installation. My copy of 3Com Network Director no longer runs, even though it has been activated.
56 CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT ACTIVATION Advanced Package v2.0 will not be accepted on the new workstation. You must therefore do the following: 1 Contact 3Com Customer Support to revoke the existing activation key for Advanced Package v2.0. 2 Install 3Com Network Supervisor v4.0 and Advanced Package v2.0 on the new workstation. 3 Run 3Com Network Supervisor v4.0 and select the Advanced Package v2.0 in the Registration Information dialog box. 4 Enter the license key for Advanced Package v2.
Key Considerations 57 Before installing 3Com Network Director, you must ensure that 3Com Network Supervisor Advanced Package v2.0 is unlocked: 1 Launch 3Com Network Supervisor v4.0 2 If the Registration Information dialog box is not displayed at startup, select the Help > Register Now menu option to display that dialog box. 3 Select Advanced Package v2.0 in the list of installed packages. 4 If Advanced Package v2.0 is not already unlocked (i.e.
58 CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT ACTIVATION 3 Enter the license key found inside the CD sleeve of your 3Com Network Director software and click Next. 4 Click on Activate Now to register 3Com Network Director and obtain your activation key from the 3Com web site. 5 Enter your activation key in the Activation Key text box of the Activation Wizard and click Next. Your copy of 3Com Network Director should now be fully activated.
Troubleshooting 59 If the activation key is rejected, this probably means that the workstation on which you installed 3Com Network Supervisor Advanced Package v2.0 is not the same as the one for which you originally obtained an activation key; if that is the case, please refer to “I want to install my upgrade from 3Com Network Supervisor Advanced Package v2.0 to 3Com Network Director on a different workstation.” on page 55. 7 Uninstall 3Com Network Supervisor v4.
60 CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT ACTIVATION
3 Overview MAIN WINDOW This chapter describes the 3Com Network Director main window. The main window provides access to all of the features in 3Com Network Director.
62 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW Key Concepts Map Files This section describes some 3Com Network Director key concepts relating to the main window. 3Com Network Director stores device and topology information in map files. Map files have the file extension.map. Only one map file may be open at any one time. Opening a new map file will close the current map file. Two other types of files are saved alongside map files. These files use the same name as the map file but have Events.edb and .
Components Components 63 The following section describes the features of the main window and describes the operations you can perform from this window. Map The map provides a graphical representation of the topology of your network. The map is covered in more detail in “Working with the Map” on page 151. Tree The tree displays the devices within your network grouped by subnet and device group. The tree, subnets and device groups are covered in more detail in “Working with the Map” on page 151.
64 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW Selected Link from
Components Menu Item Hot Key 65 Operation File > Save As Saves the current map file using a specified name. See “Saving and Opening Maps” on page 206 for more information. File > Export > to Visio Exports the current map file for use with Microsoft Visio. See “Exporting Maps to Microsoft“ Visio“” on page 208 for more information. File > Print Ctrl+P File > Most Recently Used File List Prints the current contents of the map. See on “Printing the Map” on page 210 for more information.
66 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW Menu Item Hot Key Operation Edit > Delete Ctrl+Delete Deletes the selected map item or link. See “Deleting Items from the Map” on page 204 for more information. Edit > Group Devices Ctrl+G Groups the selected devices together into a single logical device group. See “Device Groups” on page 172 for more information. Edit > Ungroup Devices Ungroups the selected device group. See “Device Groups” on page 172 for more information.
Components Menu Item Hot Key 67 Operation View > Annotate Aggregated Links Toggles whether the link annotations for aggregated links are displayed in the map or not. See “Physical Link Annotations” on page 164 for more information. View > Annotate Duplex Mode Toggles whether the link annotations for link duplex modes are displayed in the map or not. See “Physical Link Annotations” on page 164 for more information.
68 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW Menu Item Hot Key Operation View > Labels > MAC Address Selects the display of the MAC Address label for map items in the tree and map. See “Map Item Labels and Address Translation” on page 175 for more information. View > Background Image > Set Background Image Sets the background image to display for the currently viewed submap. See “Background Images” on page 210 for more information.
Components Menu Item Hot Key View > Zoom > Fit to page Device 69 Operation Centers the map on the display and zooms in or out as necessary so that the entire map is visible in the display. See “Navigation” on page 182 for more information. Table 6 lists each menu item for the Device menu and the associated operation invoked by selecting it. Table 6 Device Menu Menu Item Hot Key Operation Device > Web Management Launches the web interface for the selected device.
70 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW Menu Item Monitoring Hot Key Operation Device > Setup Launches the Setup wizard. See “Device Setup Wizard” on page 792 for more information. Device > Agent Update Launches the Agent Update wizard for the selected devices. See “Agent Update Wizard” on page 665 for more information. Device > Agent Import Launches the Agent Import dialog box. See “Agent Update Wizard” on page 665 for more information.
Components Menu Item Alerts/Events Hot Key 71 Operation Monitoring > Stop Monitoring Stops the monitoring of the selected items by 3Com Network Director. See “Starting and Stopping Monitoring” on page 293 for more information. Monitoring > What’s Wrong Launches, or brings to the front, an instance of the Events window filtered to show unresolved events for the selected items only. See “Viewing Unresolved Events for a Selection:” on page 326 for more information.
72 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW Menu Item Tools Hot Key Operation RMON > Statistics Launches the Statistics View dialog box for the selected item. See “Viewing data from the RMON Statistics group ” on page 417 for more information. RMON > History Launches the History View dialog box for the selected item. See “Viewing data from the RMON History group”on page 423 for more information. RMON > Host Launches the Host View dialog box for the selected item.
Components Menu Item Hot Key Operation Tools > Trace Path Ctrl+T Launches the Trace Path toolbar to show the possible physical paths between the two selected devices, or launches the Trace Path wizard if two devices are not selected. See “Trace Path” on page 188 for more information. Tools > Prioritize Network Traffic Launches the Prioritize Network Traffic wizard for the selected devices. See “Prioritize Network Traffic Wizard” on page 631 for more information.
74 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW unauthorized access when you leave your workstation unattended with the application running. If you have not yet enabled password protection, the following message will be displayed: Figure 7 Enable Password Protection Message See “Security” on page 85 for more information about enabling password protection for 3Com Network Director. File > Exit Menu Option This operation closes 3Com Network Director.
Components 75 Figure 9 Scheduled Tasks Menu Option The Scheduled Tasks dialog box displays a list of all currently scheduled tasks. Operations that may be scheduled include Device Backup, Agent Update and Network Discovery. Each task has a name, a start time and how often the task repeats (if applicable). For tasks that are not repeatable, for example, the backup operation, the Repeat column displays N/A. Only one scheduled task can run at a given time.
76 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW ■ Restore ■ Setup ■ Prioritize Network Traffic ■ Network Discovery Then the following operations are prohibited: ■ File > New ■ File > Open ■ Edit > Add Device ■ Edit > Delete The following commands are not blocked if they are currently running: ■ Device > Backup ■ Device > Restore ■ Device > Setup ■ Device > Agent Update ■ Tools > Network Discovery ■ Tools > Prioritize Network Traffic Instead when you click Finish at the end of the wizard correspondin
Components 77 ■ Internet — how 3Com Network Director should connect to the Internet. ■ Discovery — discovery options available to 3Com Network Director. ■ Monitoring — default global monitoring options. ■ Logging — options for logging historical monitoring data. ■ VLANs — how 3Com Network Director should display and process VLAN data. ■ Retry/Timeout — default global retry and timeout values for contacting devices during discovery and monitoring.
78 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW Figure 10 General Tab ■ MAC Addresses — for any MAC address displayed, you can append the manufacturer’s name to the start by enabling the Translate MACs option. For example, 08-00-8F-xx-xx-xx becomes 3Com-xx-xx-xx. This option is disabled by default. See “Vendor Translation of MAC Addresses” on page 177 for more information. ■ Show the Live Update Setup Wizard next time — this option is enabled by default, See “Live Update Setup Wizard” on page 813 for more information.
Components 79 Figure 11 Device Management Tab Choose from Web Management, which is the default, Telnet Management or Administration Application. If a device does not support the preferred Web Management application, Telnet is launched instead. For further information on the Device Management options see “Configuring Single Devices” on page 473.
80 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW Internet This tab, as shown in Figure 12, allows you to set the following options: ■ Use Web browser settings — this is the default option. If your web browser uses a proxy server to access the Internet, 3Com Network Director will use the same system. Figure 12 Internet Tab ■ Direct connection to the Internet — use this option if your management station connects to the Internet directly through a Local Area Network, without using a proxy server.
Components 81 Discovery This tab, as shown in Figure 13, allows you to schedule discovery operations to repeat at specified times. Select from repeating every x hours or at a specific time every day, weekday, or week. It also allows you to select the types of devices to discover during Network Discoveries. For further information on the Discovery tab see “Scheduled Discovery Pane” on page 124.
82 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW Figure 14 Monitoring Tab For further information on the Monitoring tab see “Controlling Monitoring Type and Polling Rates” on page 296. Logging This tab, as shown below, displays the following: ■ Maintain monitor history for — when monitoring is enabled for a map item, 3Com Network Director can maintain a record of the previously monitored values for that map item so that it may display a graph for the monitor.
Components 83 Figure 15 Logging Tab ■ Store history before and after events for— when an event is logged, 3Com Network Director can store a monitoring history for the time period surrounding the event for the monitor(s) that caused the event to occur. This allows you to review the cause of the event in more detail at a later date. You may choose to fully disable the history for events, or may change the period of time for which 3Com Network Director stores the history.
84 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW VLANs This tab, as shown in Figure 16, displays the following: ■ VLAN IDs — whether to list VLANs that could not be correlated with each other but that have the same VLAN ID as a single VLAN or multiple VLANs. They will be listed as multiple VLANs by default. Figure 16 VLAN IDs ■ VLAN membership — whether to include devices in a VLAN based only upon their configuration or based upon the network topology as well.
Components Figure 17 Retry/Timeout Tab For further information on the Retry/Timeout tab, see “Using 3Com Network Director On A Multi-Site Network” on page 681. Security This tab as shown in Figure 18, allows you to specify whether 3Com Network Director should request a password when the application is launched. Enabling password protection for 3Com Network Director additionally allows you to lock the application when you leave your workstation unattended with the application running.
86 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW Figure 18 Security Tab ■ Password required to open application — Enable this option if you would like 3Com Network Director to prompt for the application password whenever the application is launched, and when you explicitly lock the application using the File > Lock menu option. If you enable this option you must also specify an application password using the password field.
Components 87 When password protection is enabled 3Com Network Director shows the following password prompt whenever you launch the application, and when you lock the application using the File > Lock menu option: Figure 19 Password Prompt To access the 3Com Network Director user interface you must provide the application password and click OK. If you forget or lose the password you then will need to reinstall the application. Remember that passwords are case sensitive.
88 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW Help > About 3Com® Director Menu Option When you launch 3Com Network Director for the first time, the About dialog box is displayed. The dialog box shows the product name, product number, serial number and the major version number. Any service packs installed are also listed. Examples Finding the Product Version You have a query about an aspect of 3Com Network Director functionality and want to contact 3Com support.
Examples 89 Figure 21 About Dialog Box - Version Number and Service Pack Level Finding the Serial Number, License Number and Activation Key You have a query about an aspect of 3Com Network Director functionality and contact 3Com support. The support engineer asks you for your 3Com Network Director serial number, license Number and activation key. 1 Launch the About dialog box using Help > About 3Com® Network Director: 2 The serial number is located on the third line of the dialog box.
90 CHAPTER 3: MAIN WINDOW Figure 22 About Dialog Box - License Number 3 The license number is located on the fourth line of the dialog box. 4 The activation key is located on the fifth line of the dialog box. If you have not yet entered the license number and activation key then the About dialog box will not display them, but will instead show the remaining evaluation period. Key Considerations Scheduled Tasks The following section provides useful information and advice on the Main Window.
4 Overview DISCOVERING THE NETWORK This chapter describes how 3Com Network Director discovers information about your network. Before you can use 3Com Network Director to manage your network you must instruct it to perform a network discovery. This chapter explains the discovery process, and how to tailor it to work best on your network. It also describes any problems you may encounter with the discovery process and the steps you can take to overcome them.
92 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Key Concepts The discovery process can be initiated in a number of ways detailed later in this chapter. This section explains the key concepts behind the discovery process itself. The process is divided into two distinct operations – detecting the devices that exist on the network (discovering devices), and subsequently establishing how they are physically connected together (determining topology). Both of these operations are divided further into several stages.
Key Concepts 93 9 Device Sizing With the exception of the sizing stage (explained below), each of the stages runs sequentially, and the sequence is repeated for each subnet that is being discovered. The sizing stage runs once only, when all the other stages have been executed for all of the subnets being discovered. The purpose of each stage is described below: IP Ping In order to detect which IP nodes exist, this stage performs an IP Ping over the specified ranges of addresses for the subnet.
94 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK the Web and Telnet menu options on the right-click menu. For certain 3Com devices additional information can be obtained using HTTP – see “Web Type Recognition” and “NBX Phone Detection” on page 95 SNMP Type Detection This stage only applies to devices that were found to support SNMP during the Device Capability Stage.
Key Concepts 95 The end station stage attempts to determine an end station’s type by performing the following steps: 1 Attempting to start a Telnet session with the device and subsequently parse the Login banner if the Telnet service is supported. 2 Determining if the node is operating as a file server. This is achieved by attempting to connect to the device via TCP port 2049. 3 Determining if the node is operating as a print server.
96 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK with that NBX chassis. This allows 3Com Network Director to identify the existence of phones which would not normally be detected. NBX phones can be configured to work with or without an IP address. Those with just a MAC address will be added to the 3Com Network Director map in the same subnet as the NBX chassis, i.e. the subnet currently being discovered.
Key Concepts 97 discovered by the previous detecting devices operation are physically connected together. The topology process starts when all discovery operations have completed. The topology process is applied to one subnet (or more specifically multinet) at a time. 3Com Network Director uses the term multinet to describe a situation where more than one subnet is attached to a single router port. This can result in devices on different subnets sharing the same switched infrastructure.
98 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK to consider during topology. Since the detecting devices operation has already sized each device, it does not need to communicate with the devices again. Information obtained from the devices is also used to establish whether they are supported by 3Com Network Director. For instance, it checks the agent version, VLAN configuration along with other parameters. Warnings are logged in the Discovery report.
Key Concepts 99 Initial Endstation stage During this stage an attempt is made to identify the ports that have only learned a single address. This is done by reading bridge address tables. The purpose of this stage is two-fold: ■ to eliminate the need for many end station addresses having to be considered in the rest of the topology, which can reduce the amount of processing and network traffic generated in the remainder of the topology process; ■ to detect the existence of non-IP (MAC-only) nodes.
100 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK devices may not support remote poll. If either the write community string is not known for a device or it does not support remote poll then the accuracy of the deduced topology may be reduced. Outstanding end station stage Not all end stations will be resolved by the Initial Endstation stage. For instance, some ports may have multiple addresses in their bridge tables even though only a single device is attached (if, for example, older addresses not have aged out).
Key Concepts 101 Figure 23 Clouds – Unknown Topology The switch port cannot be physically connected to two end stations, and as such 3Com Network Director inserts the cloud to indicate that there is something missing. In this case the cloud is where the unmanaged hub should be. A similar situation can also occur when insufficient topology information has been obtained from one or more switches, possibly because 3Com Network Director lost communication with that switch during the topology process.
102 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Figure 24 Edge Switch – Unknown Topology You can identify which switch is the problem device here by checking if unit and port information has been successfully retrieved for each link to each switch. Hover the mouse over the end of the link nearest each switch to show tooltip information on the link. The switch with missing unit and port information is probably the cause of the problem. In the situation above, it is clear that the bottom switch is at fault.
Key Concepts 103 Director at the end of the discovery process. Always check the Discovery report first when your discovered network map appears to be incorrect. Sometimes clouds appear in the core of the network when a key, core device has not been discovered properly: Figure 25 Clouds – Core Device Failed to be Fully Discovered Hover the mouse over the links to each of the Switches.
104 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Wireless clients clouds These are shown directly connected to a Wireless access point on your map. They are used to indicate the number of wireless clients connected to the access point. WAN clouds These are shown on the map between the two end points of a WAN link to indicate the type of a WAN link that 3Com Network Director detected. This also enables you to apply operations independently to each end of the WAN link.
Key Concepts 105 Once 3Com Network Director completes its additional discovery it then updates the main database (and subsequently the map) with the newly discovered information. It does this by comparing the information that exists in the main database with that in the new, temporary database.
106 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Scheduled Discoveries You can instruct 3Com Network Director to perform scheduled rediscoveries of your network. Note that you can only schedule a rediscovery, you cannot schedule your first discovery on an empty map. A scheduled discovery is always a repeating task. In other words once you have setup your schedule it will be performed indefinitely at the specified times. You can, however, subsequently cancel or modify the schedule if you wish.
Components 107 ■ Tools > Network Discovery menu option with a discovered subnet selected ■ Tools > Network Discovery menu option with an undiscovered subnet selected The Welcome dialog box When 3Com Network Director is opened it displays the Welcome dialog box: Figure 26 Welcome Dialog Box If you have not yet registered 3Com Network Director and it is still in the evaluation period, the first dialog box you see when launching the application is the About dialog box.
108 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Tools > Network Discovery with nothing selected With no subnets selected in the tree or map, select Network Discovery from the tools menu. The Network Discovery wizard will be launched at the first pane Discovery Type. Tools > Network Discovery with a discovered subnet selected If you select one or more discovered subnets in the map or the tree and select Network Discovery from the tools menu, the Network Discovery wizard will be launched at the Specify Subnets pane.
Components 109 Tools > Network Discovery with an undiscovered subnet selected If you have already performed a discovery operation, and a router was detected during that discovery, then it is likely that you will have some undiscovered subnets on your map. These subnets will be those to which the router is directly attached and were not specified in the original discovery.
110 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Discovery Type Pane This is the first pane of the wizard: Figure 29 Discovery Type Pane It allows you to specify how the list of subnets to discover is determined: ■ Local subnet – Select this radio button and click Next to discover only the subnet to which the 3Com Network Director PC is attached. The discovery process queries the operating system to determine the subnet mask for the local subnet. The wizard moves onto the Monitor Core Devices and Links pane.
Components ■ 111 Specify subnets – Select this radio button and click Next to specify exactly which subnets you wish to discover and also limit the ranges of IP addresses to discover on each subnet. Use the Specify Subnets pane to enter the subnets you want to discover. Specify Subnets Pane This pane is shown if you chose the Specify Subnets option on the first pane of the wizard.
112 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Figure 31 Add Subnet Dialog Box You must enter at least the IP address and subnet mask into the appropriate fields for the subnet you wish to specify. You can use the dot ‘.’ key to move to the next segment of an address field. If you wish to limit the ranges of addresses that 3Com Network Directorwill detect for your specified subnet, you must first select the Discover custom ranges radio button and the ranges table and Add button will become enabled.
Components 113 Figure 32 Add Range Dialog Box This allows you to enter the start and end IP addresses of the range to detect. To discover a single IP address on a subnet, add a range with the same start and end IP address. An existing range can be modified by selecting the range and clicking Edit. This will display the same dialog box as for adding subnets, described above, with the Start and End fields completed with the information you originally supplied.
114 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK discovering is routed over a slow or high latency connection. Changing these settings will also affect subsequent discoveries and monitoring of this subnet. See “Using 3Com Network Director On A Multi-Site Network” on page 681 for more information. Click OK to return to the Specify Subnets pane of the wizard. The subnet you have just specified has been added to the list box.
Components 115 Figure 33 Find Subnets List Select one or more subnets from the list, and click OK to add them to the list of subnets to be rediscovered. You can then edit their range and retry/timeout values as normal. 3Com Network Director communicates with the routers on your local subnet in order to populate the above dialog box. It uses SNMP to communicate with the routers and consequently requires their read community strings in order to query them. By default, it uses public.
116 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Figure 34 Query Failure Dialog Box If you want 3Com Network Director to continue searching for subnets using the router highlighted in this dialog box, enter the correct read community for the router and select OK. Click Cancel to move onto the next router. Importing subnets from a file The Import Subnets button allows you to select a file to import subnet information from.
Components # Subnet Import File # # Address Mask 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.5.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.5.0 255.255.255.0 Range Start Range End 10.0.1.1 10.0.5.50 10.0.5.200 10.0.1.100 10.0.5.160 10.0.5.210 117 If the file that you select is correctly formatted and contains valid subnet information then all subnets listed in the selected file will be added to the subnets list.
118 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Figure 35 Monitor Core Devices and Links Pane If you choose the Yes radio button then monitoring of the discovered devices will be started when discovery is complete. By selecting the No radio button no monitoring on the new devices will start at the end of discovery. However, you can subsequently enable monitoring on selected devices from the updated map.
Components 119 Figure 36 Community Strings Pane Typically, for security reasons, you will modify the community strings on your SNMP devices from their factory default settings. In this case, you will need to specify the modified community strings in this pane, otherwise 3Com Network Director will not be able to access them using SNMP.
120 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK strings to some of your devices (for instance you may have assigned different strings to your routers and switches) then you should add all the entries to the list boxes. If you are rediscovering an existing subnet and haven’t changed the community strings on the devices it contains then there should be no need to specify any additional community strings here.
Components 121 (HTTP) only – they do not support the SNMP protocol. When you access an NCP device with you Web browser you will be asked for a username and password. 3Com Network Director uses the same username and password to obtain information from NCP devices. See “Key Concepts” on page 92. It is likely that you will have modified the username and/or password from the defaults. Therefore, you will need to specify the new values here.
122 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Discovery Options Pane This step of the wizard allows you to restrict the type of devices that the discovery process will add to the map: Figure 39 Discovery Options Pane You may wish to do this for the following reasons: ■ To filter out devices from the map that are not directly managed by yourself to ensure that your map represents only devices of interest to you. ■ To ensure you do not reach the 3Com Network Director node limit during discovery.
Components ■ RADIUS servers ■ SNMP-enabled servers 123 Only IP devices As described in the “Key Concepts” section on page 92, the topology part of discovery can result in MAC-only nodes being created as a result of the information read from bridge FDB tables. By selecting this option this behavior is disabled. This option will be most effective if you have segregated your devices such that: ■ Connecting devices and important IP devices are within a certain IP range on each subnet.
124 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Discovery Options and Scheduled Discovery Whenever a Network Discovery is started from the Network Discovery wizard, the settings that you selected in the Discovery Options pane are stored as the default discovery options for the subnets selected for discovery. Subsequent scheduled discoveries will use these settings to restrict the devices that are added to each subnet appropriately.
Components 125 Figure 41 Options Dialog Box - Discovery Tab The Discovery tab allows you to specify how discoveries will be scheduled in the future. The options on this dialog box are as follows: Never Select this option to schedule no future discoveries.Note that if there is currently a pending scheduled discovery, and you choose this option, the pending discovery will be cancelled. Every X hours Select this option to schedule a discovery to be run every few hours.
126 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK At … Select this option to schedule a discovery for a specific time each day. Alternatively it allows you to specify it to run on specific day of the week or on every week day (i.e. Monday to Friday) Discovery Global Defaults The Discovery Global Defaults pane provides defaults for use in the Network Discovery wizard, Discovery Options pane. Choose the type of Discovery you want to schedule.
Components 127 Figure 42 Network Discovery Wizard - Summary Pane When you click Finish on this, or any other step of the wizard, 3Com Network Director attempts to start the discovery process, using the options you have specified. If there is a conflicting task currently running, the standard Task In Progress dialog box will be displayed, giving you the option of: ■ Allowing the current task to run to completion. ■ Cancel the current task and start the discovery.
128 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Figure 43 Task in Progress Dialog Box The Network Discovery Progress Dialog Box The Network Discovery Progress dialog box is displayed while the discovery process is running. The process starts when you click Finish on the Network Discovery wizard, or when a scheduled discovery is started.
Components 129 If the discovery was started as a result of a scheduled discovery the dialog box will first appear in its minimized form. In this case a progress bar appears in the status bar of the main window, indicating that it is performing a discovery: Figure 45 Network Discovery Progress Dialog Box - Minimized You can use the Stop button on the status bar to cancel the discovery operation, and the Restore button to restore the full Network Discovery Progress dialog box.
130 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK You can perform other operations on you map while discovery is running, although certain tasks are restricted.
Components 131 discovery process. It allows you to view the Discovery report, using the View Report button, to find out what the problems were. Note that this button will be disabled if no problems were encountered. Network Misconfigurations: When the discovery process is complete 3Com Network Director analyses the results in an attempt to establish if any part of your network has been misconfigured. This could be due to the way a device is set up or the way it is connected to another device.
132 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK these relate to 3Com Network Director not being able to retrieve all the information it requires to accurately depict your network. For example it may have lost communication with some of the devices during the discovery process. The report is divided into two main sections: Discovery This section lists any problems encountered in the detecting devices part of the discovery process. There is a separate sub-section for each subnet that was discovered.
Components 133 Note that the analysis is always performed on the whole of your map, not just the recent additions. You can force a new version of the report to be generated from the Tools > Reports dialog box, although generally there should be little need to do this since it should be the same as the one from the most recent discovery, unless you have manually changed the map.
134 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK and navigating between the subnets, see “Working with the Map” on page 151. Subsequent Map Updates Whenever you perform a discovery on a map that already contains subnets and devices, 3Com Network Director intelligently attempts to update the existing map. Any newly discovered devices and subnets will be added to the map, while any existing devices and links will be updated.
Examples 135 Figure 48 Options Dialog Box - Discovery Tab 4 Enter “12:00” into the time field and select “am” within the am/pm drop-down list. Ensure that the day option is selected in the every drop-down list. 12:00 am is midnight and 12:00 pm is midday.
136 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Figure 49 Scheduled Tasks Note that by scheduling a discovery this way you need to have already populated your map with any subnets you wish to regularly rediscover. A scheduled discovery cannot be used to discover new subnets. If you haven’t yet done this then you should consider the second option (below).
Examples 137 Figure 50 Scheduled Discovery Pane , 4 This will launch the Tools > Options dialog box at the Discovery tab. Enter information into this dialog box as in the above example and click OK to return to the Network Discovery wizard. 5 Complete the wizard as normal and click Finish. A discovery will be started immediately, discovering the required subnets. At midnight the discovery will be repeated, and subsequently each day at midnight.
138 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK 3 On the Specify Subnets pane of the wizard, add the subnets you wish to discover ■ ■ If the subnets are all within one router hop of your work station you can use the Find Subnets button to save having to enter all the information, go to step 8, below. If the subnets are not all within one router hop, continue from step 4 below., you should continue from 4, below.
Examples 139 the ranges of addresses on your subnet, 3Com recommends that you set the ranges exactly, particularly as you are about to increase the timeout value. 5 Uncheck the Use defaults from Tools > Options dialog option. The fields below will now become enabled. Increase the retry and timeout values appropriately for the speed of your link. 6 Click OK on the Add Subnets pane to return to the wizard. Your subnet should now appear in the list on the wizard.
140 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Figure 51 Community Strings Pane 3 Select the Yes option. The Add… buttons will now be enabled. 4 Use the Add button below the Read list box to enter the read community string of your routers. 5 Use the Add button below the Write list box to enter the write community string of your routers, and additionally the write community string of your switches. 6 Click Finish if you do not wish to change any of the remaining defaults.
Useful Information and References 141 time if it or the network is very busy, or potentially may not receive, or be able to respond to, the ICMP ping message if it is placed beyond a firewall. If a device fails to respond to a ping then 3Com Network Director will not add it in to the map as an IP device (although it may still be added as a MAC-only device). If a device responds to a ping, 3Com Network Director then attempts to determine if it supports other protocols, in particular SNMP.
142 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK links and WAN links are also depicted using clouds. See “Clouds” on page 167 for further information. For a detailed list of FAQs about the discovery process refer to the Advanced Help that is supplied with 3Com Network Director. You can view this by launching any previously generated Discovery report and following the hyperlink Discovery and Topology Frequently Asked Questions in the first line of the report.
Key Considerations ■ ■ 143 Routing: It uses MIB II tables to establish if the device has IP-forwarding enabled and has interfaces on multiple subnets. If so it is flagged as a router and will appear on the map at the top level with a diamond border. See “Working with the Map” on page 151. Switching: It attempts to read the dot1dBaseType from the bridge MIB. If this is present it is flagged as a switch and will appear with an octagonal border on the map. See “Working with the Map” on page 151.
144 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK Also, you should try to ensure that the IP addresses of the devices on your subnet are all within a small set of ranges, with few or no gaps between the devices on each range and then explicitly specify those ranges in the Network Discovery wizard. If 3Com Network Director has to ping lots of addresses that don’t exist, the discovery time can greatly increase as it is waiting for lots of timeouts.
Discovery Report Errors and Warnings 145 Network Director failed to detect any routers whose ARP caches contained entries for the MAC addresses, possibly because they are outside the ranges of addresses you specified. Alternatively, the appropriate router may have been discovered as an IP-only node if a valid read community string was not provided for the router in the Network Discovery wizard.
146 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK 3Com Network Director was unable to obtain information from the following NBX devices This is likely to occur if incorrect usernames or passwords were provided in the wizard. Note that even if you specified in the wizard that you do not have an NBX voice system, if 3Com Network Director detects an NCP device during the discovery process it will attempt to retrieve phone information from it.
Discovery Report Errors and Warnings 147 The following devices are running with an unsupported version of the management agent software For 3Com devices, 3Com Network Director has a minimum supported agent version. If 3Com Network Director detects a device running an agent below this minimum it will log this message, since the details it obtains from the device may not be complete, and the deduced topology may not be accurate. You should endeavor to update such devices to at least the minimum version.
148 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK however is the hubs/switches being configured in a way that is not supported by 3Com Network Director or if 3Com Network Director lost communication with any of the switches when attempting to read topology information from them. In the latter case additional errors appear in this report to indicate the loss of communication.
Discovery Report Errors and Warnings 149 The following devices have support for the Spanning Tree Protocol enabled. Links connected to these devices may in the future be blocked by the Spanning Tree Protocol. 3Com Network Director may not be able to detect this occurring. Some third party devices do not provide suitable MIB support to allow 3Com Network Director to initially determine and subsequently track changes in spanning tree topology, or provide a non-standard implementation.
150 CHAPTER 4: DISCOVERING THE NETWORK 3Com Network Director uses interface speeds when monitoring links in order to calculate utilization. If 3Com Network Director was unable to determine a speed for a connected interface and you start monitoring the link corresponding to that interface then 3Com Network Director will be unable to provide the utilization monitor for that item. This situation can arise on some third party devices that do not provide a suitable speed via their MIBs.
5 Overview WORKING WITH THE MAP This chapter describes how to work with the map and tree in 3Com Network Director. The map and tree provide the main interface for viewing and managing your network. They enable you to choose how you want to view your network, show the current health of monitored devices and links within your network and act as a launching point for many of the tools available within 3Com Network Director.
152 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Key Concepts The Map This section describes the key concepts of the map and the tree within 3Com Network Director. The map is displayed on the right-hand side of the 3Com Network Director main window. It presents a graphical representation of your network topology for the devices discovered on the network. Figure 52 The Map The graphical representation consists of icons that represent devices, subnets and other network components.
Key Concepts 153 Table 12 Icons Used in the Map Icon Description A diamond icon represents a router or a layer-3 switch. The image within the diamond will indicate the type of the router or layer-3 switch. For more information see “Device Icons” on page 158. An octagonal icon represents a network infrastructure device, such as a switch, hub, wireless access point, or NBX call processor. The image within the octagon indicates the type of the network infrastructure device.
154 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Icon Description Clouds appear automatically in the network topology for three reasons. ■ They are used to represent sections of the network where 3Com Network Director was unable to determine the topology. ■ They are shown between the two end points of a WAN link to indicate the type of the WAN link, and to allow you to apply operations independently to each end of the WAN link.
Key Concepts 155 Figure 53 Example Tree To expand a subnet or device group, click the symbol next to its name. It expands to show the discovered devices. To collapse the subnet or device group, click the symbol next to its name. Each device appears only once in the tree. Routers and layer-3 switches appear at the top-level of the tree. Other devices appear within their appropriate subnet or device group. The tree also shows subnets that have not yet been discovered.
156 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP The map and the tree work in conjunction with each other. When you select a device, subnet or device group within the tree it is also selected in the map and vice versa. Once you have made your selection: you can use the pull-right menu, in either the tree or the map, to perform an action on that item. Components Map Structure The following section describes the principal features of the map and the tree and the operations you can carry out from them.
Components 157 Figure 54 Subnet Example ■ Device groups — allow you to manually group together similar devices, to allow you to represent your network more intuitively.
158 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Submaps can contain shortcut symbols, that indicate that the device that is linked to is not contained in the current map. For more information see “Shortcut Symbols” on page page 186. There are various methods that can be used to navigate between the top-level map and its submaps. For more information see “Navigation” on page 182.
Components Table 13 Network Infrastructure Device Icons Device Icon Description 3Com Switch 40x0 family device 3Com SuperStack 3 family device 3Com SuperStack 3 family Power over Ethernet device 3Com SuperStack II family device 3Com Switch 7700 3Com Switch 4007R 3Com Switch 4005 Other 3Com chassis devices, such as the 3Com Switch 4007 3Com Network Jack 3Com OfficeConnect family device 3Com AirConnect Access Point 159
160 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Device Icon Description 3Com Wireless LAN Access Point All other network infrastructure devices Table 14 NBX Networked Telephony Solution Icons Telephony Solution Icon Description NBX network call processor NBX line card IP telephone Analogue telephone Fax machine
Components 161 Table 15 End Station Icons End Station Icon Description Standard end station Server workstation, such as a Microsoft Windows 2000 Server workstation Printer Print server Some device types are drawn slightly differently in the map than other devices. For more information about special support see “Graphical Support for Specific Device Types” on page 225. Pull-Right Menu for Devices Right-clicking on a device in the map or in the tree produces a pop-up menu.
162 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Menu Item Operation Historical Report Launches a historical report for the selected device or link. See “Performance Reporting” on page 385 for more information. Attach Alerts Launches the Attach Alerts dialog box for the selected map items and links. See “Attach Alerts Dialog Box”on page 364 for more information. View Filtered Events Launches, or brings to the front, an instance of the Events window, filtered to show events for the selected items only.
Components 163 Menu Item Operation Agent Update Launches the Agent Update wizard for the selected devices. See “Agent Update Wizard” on page 665 for more information. Backup Launches the Backup wizard for the selected devices. See “Device Backup Wizard” on page 779 for more information. Restore Launches the Restore wizard for the selected device. See “Device Restore Wizard” on page 787 for more information.
164 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Unvalidated Links Some links in the map represent links that are unvalidated. Unvalidated links can occur when a rediscovery of a subnet fails to find a link that existed previously, or when you manually add a link to the map. A link remains unvalidated until a rediscovery verifies the existence of the link. For more information about rediscovery see “Scheduled Discoveries” on page 106. For more information “Linking Items in the Map” on page 204.
Components Annotation Type Graphical Representation 165 Description Duplex Mode The link is operating in half duplex mode. Resilient Link The link is part of a resilient link pair. Spanning Tree State Spanning Tree Protocol has disabled the link. Spanning Tree Protocol Support 3Com Network Director monitors the spanning tree state of links in your network for which the spanning tree protocol is enabled.
166 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Menu Item Operation Attach Alerts Launches the Attach Alerts dialog box for the selected items. See “Attach Alerts Dialog Box”on page 364 for more information. View Filtered Events Launches, or brings to the front, an instance of the Events window, filtered to show events for the selected items only. See “Events List Components” on page 326 for more information. RMON > Statistics Launches the Statistics View dialog box for the selected link.
Components 167 Figure 57 A Layer-3 Connection Logical connectivity is due to the device having one or more IP addresses on the subnet in question. Pull-Right Menu for Layer-3 Connections Right-clicking on a layer-3 connection in the map produces a pop-up menu. The following table describes each of the menu items in the pop-up. Table 19 Layer-3 Connections Menu Options Clouds Menu Item Operation Properties Launches the Properties dialog box for the selected map items and links.
168 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP discovery. For more information see “There are clouds in my map” on page 141. ■ They may be used to separate a link into two halves. This can be useful in situations where you would like to monitor both halves of the link separately. Clouds are used to automatically separate WAN links into two halves, so you can choose to monitor one half of the link, but not the other.
Components 169 cloud should appear in a particular submap or the top-level map is based upon the devices that are connected to it: ■ A cloud will appear in a submap if it is connected to one or more devices that are present in that submap. ■ A cloud will appear in the top-level map if it is only connected to a single device, and that device is a router or layer-3 switch. ■ A cloud will appear in the top-level map if it is connected to two or more routers or layer-3 switches.
170 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP between subnets and routers or layer-3 switches are shown as physical links. For more information see “Navigating Between Submaps and the Top-Level Map” on page 184. If a router or layer-3 switch in your network has two or more IP interfaces configured on a single port then the subnets that those IP interfaces belong to will be grouped together into a single submap. This helps represent the fact that these subnets exist on the same physical LAN segment.
Components 171 Pull-Right Menu for Subnets Right-clicking on a subnet icon in the map, or on a subnet entry in the tree, produces a pop-up menu. The following table describes each of the menu items in the pop-up. Table 22 Subnets Menu Options Menu Item Operation Start Monitoring Starts the monitoring of the selected items by 3Com Network Director. See “Starting and Stopping Monitoring” on page 293 for more information.
172 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Menu Item Operation Properties Launches the Properties dialog box for the selected items. See “Viewing Device Details” on page 229 for more information. 3Com Network Director applies intelligent filtering to ensure that an operation applied to a subnet will apply to all items in the subnet that can meet the requirements of the operation. This gives you a convenient way to apply operations to a complete IP subnet, without having to manually select individual items.
Components 173 from the submap’s branch and move the individual devices to within the submap’s branch. Pull-Right Menu for Device Groups Right-clicking on a device group in the map, or in the tree, produces a pop-up menu. The following table describes each of the menu items in the pop-up. Table 23 Device Groups Menu Options Menu Item Operation Start Monitoring Starts the monitoring of the selected items by 3Com Network Director. See “Starting and Stopping Monitoring” on page 293 for more information.
174 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Menu Item Operation Enter Submap Navigates to the submap associated with the currently selected device group. See “Navigation” on page 182 for more information. Properties Launches the Properties dialog box for the selected items. See “Viewing Device Details” on page 229 for more information. Operations applied to a device group will apply to all devices contained within the device group.
Components 175 connection is based upon the map item connected to the end nearest the half that the mouse is held over. The following table describes the information displayed: Table 24 Tooltip Displays Map Item Information Displayed Device The current label of the device, as specified by View > Labels. For more information about device labels see “Map Item Labels and Address Translation” on page 175.
176 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Label Type Label Source Custom Name Manually specified. For more information about how to set the Custom Name for a map item see “Viewing Device Details” on page 229. User Name For NBX phones this is the User Name associated with the phone, as retrieved from the NCP. For more information about working with NBX telephony solutions see “NBX Support” on page 753. For other devices this is the 802.1X session User Name, as retrieved from the authenticator switch.
Components 177 order in Table 25). For example, 3Com Network Director will not be able to determine the User Name for a cloud, and so will use the Custom Name if it is set, or the System Name otherwise. Vendor Translation of MAC Addresses The MAC address of a device is divided into two 24-bit halves. The first half is known variously as the Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI), the “company_id” or the vendor ID, and can be used to identify the device’s manufacturer.
178 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Figure 61 MAC Address label display (2) By default, the automatic translation of the OUI of MAC addresses is turned off.
Components 179 Figure 62 The Translate MACs Option Toggling this option affects the display of MAC addresses in all areas of 3Com Network Director other than in the reports, which always display the raw MAC addresses. 3Com Network Director3Com Network Director uses a list of fixed mappings from OUI to vendor name to perform this translation.
180 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Selecting Items in the Map and Tree In order to select an item in the map or the tree single-click on its icon. This will select the item both in the map and in the tree. To add additional items to the selection you can then press and hold the Ctrl key while single-clicking on the other items that you wish to add to the selection. Pressing and holding the Ctrl key, while single-clicking on items, can also be used to remove items from the selection.
Components 181 Figure 63 Selecting Multiple Map Items For the purposes of selection, a map item is considered to be within the selection rectangle if it is either wholly contained within the selection rectangle, or if the selection rectangle overlaps with its icon. Note that this method of selection does not include links in the selection.
182 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP device group. It will not select the members of the subnet or device group. Selection and the Pull-Right Menu The pull-right menu and its options interacts with selection in various ways: Navigation ■ If you launch the pull-right menu for an item that is not currently selected, then this will clear any current selection and select the item, whose pull-right menu you launched.
Components 183 Zoom out Zooms out from the map, keeping the center of the currently displayed area of the submap centered in the zoomed out display. Fit to page Centers the entire contents of the currently viewed submap on the display and zooms in or out so that the entire contents of the submap are visible on the display.
184 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Unlike the selection rectangle, which may have any proportions, the zoom rectangle keeps the proportions of the map display area to indicate the complete area that will be visible when you release the mouse button.
Components 185 Figure 65 Up Button The Go Up action cannot be performed from the top-level map. ■ Enter Submap — Navigates directly to the submap associated with the subnet or device group being entered. The Enter Submap action can be performed either by selecting View > Enter Submap, by selecting Enter Submap from the right-click menu of a subnet or device group, or by double-clicking on the icon of a subnet or device group.
186 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP table lists each menu item that may appear in the menu and the associated operation. Table 28 Pull-Right Menu Options from the Map Background. Menu Item Operation Zoom in Zooms in towards the map, centering the current selection in the display if applicable. See “Navigation” on page 182 for more information. Zoom out Zooms out from the map. See “Navigation” on page 182 for more information.
Components 187 Table 29 Shortcut Icon Original Icon Shortcut Icon You can use shortcut icons to navigate to the submap that contains the device. Either double-click on the shortcut icon, or select Follow Link from the pull-right menu of the shortcut icon. This navigates to the submap, selects the device, centers it on the display and zooms in on it. Navigating to a submap using the shortcut icon is equivalent to navigating sideways in the submap hierarchy.
188 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP To zoom to a device in the map, double-click on its entry in the tree. 3Com Network Director navigates to the submap that the device is listed under, centers the device within the display, and zooms in on the device. As routers and layer-3 switches are shown in the top-level of the tree, double-clicking on a router or layer-3 switch navigates to the top-level map and zooms in on the device as it is shown in that map.
Components 189 Figure 66 Trace Path Example If you launch Trace Path without first selecting the two devices that you want to find the physical paths for, the toolbar is launched alongside the wizard. However, the toolbar buttons are only enabled once you have completed the selection of the two devices that you want to find the physical paths for within the wizard.
190 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Table 30 Previous and Next Path Buttons Button Action Explanation Previous Path Changes the displayed path to the one preceding the currently viewed path. This is not available when you are viewing the first found path Next Path Changes the displayed path to the one following the currently viewed path. This is not available when you are viewing the last found path. Changing the displayed path changes the path that is highlighted in the map.
Components 191 When you change the viewed path in the filtered Trace Path view, the devices that form the path, or the order in which the devices are displayed in the path, may change. As a result some devices may be removed from the view, others may be added and the layout may change. Using The Trace Path Wizard The Trace Path Wizard is launched if you select Tools > Trace Path and you do not have two devices selected.
192 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP results table. In this situation, you may either select the device to use as one of the end points of the path from the results table and click Next to use it, or click Back and enter new search criteria. If you have only one device selected when you select Tools > Trace Path then the first step of the wizard is pre-filled for you with details of the selected device that will allow you to find it easily and set it as the start device of the path.
Components 193 To find items on your network from within the Find dialog box, simply select appropriate Search Criteria to locate the required items, and click the Find button. 3Com Network Director will then examine the contents of the map and list the items that match your selected search criteria in the results table. Depending on the search type you specify in the Search by: field, the field or fields below may prompt you to enter further search criteria.
194 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP The wildcards supported by 3Com Network Director are shown in the following table: Table 31 Wildcard Characters Wildcard Matches * Zero or more characters ? Exactly one character For example: ■ To find all devices that include the text switch in their name, select Find: Devices Search by: Name and enter the Name: *switch*. ■ To find devices with IP addresses in the range 123.45.67.80 – 123.45.67.
Components 195 Using the Find Dialog Box to Select Items for Operations There are various operations in 3Com Network Director for which you must first select a list of items to perform the operation on before you may proceed, such as selecting a list of devices that are to have their configuration backed-up, or selecting a list of links to disable an event for. These operations all use the Find dialog box to allow you to select items for the list.
196 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Search by: Option Description MAC address Finds devices that have a MAC address that matches the entered MAC address. You may use wildcards in any of the six fields of the MAC address. If you use wildcards, or leave one or more fields of the MAC address blank, and a device has more than one MAC address that matches the entered MAC address then the device will be listed multiple times in the results table, once for each matching MAC address.
Components 197 Search by: Option Description sysObjectID Finds devices whose MIB-II sysObjectID matches the entered sysObjectID. The sysObjectID must be entered in numerical format. You may use wildcards in the value that you enter in the sysObjectID: field. sysContact Finds devices whose MIB-II sysContact matches the entered sysContact. You may use wildcards in the value that you enter in the sysContact: field. sysLocation Finds devices whose MIB-II sysLocation matches the entered sysLocation.
198 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Search by: Option Speed Description Finds links that are running at a particular speed or range of speeds. You can specify the speed to search for in bits-per-second, kilobits-per-second, megabits-per-second or gigabits-per-second. You may also choose to search for links that are running at exactly the speed you enter, at least as fast as the speed you enter, or at most at the speed you enter. Duplex mode Finds links that are running in a particular duplex mode.
Components 199 Table 34 Find: Links, Search by: options Search by: Option Name Description Finds NBX telephony components whose Custom Name, DNS Name or System Name matches the entered name. You may use wildcards in the value that you enter in the Name: field. User name Find NBX telephony components that have a user name assigned to them on their associated NCP that matches the entered user name.
200 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Search by: Option IP address Description Finds NBX telephony components that have an IP address that matches the entered IP address. You may use wildcards in any of the four fields of the IP address.
Components 201 If you want to change the layout of a map, you can either lay out the map manually, or request an automatic relayout of the current map. Manual Layout of Map Items In order to change the layout of map items select the map item that you wish to move, click and hold the mouse pointer over one of the selected map items, drag the selected items to their new location on the map and release the mouse button.
202 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Figure 72 3Com Network Director Warning Message Relaying out the entire map will generally result in a better map layout. Manually Modifying the Map Contents By default the map only displays devices that 3Com Network Director has itself discovered on your network. In some instances you may wish to add map items to represent logical entities, or devices not present in the discovered network.
Components 203 Figure 73 Add Map Item Dialog Box You can add items to the map by locating the entry for the type of item you wish to add in the list, and clicking and dragging the entry to the location in the map where you wish it to be located. The Add Map Item dialog box remains visible until you explicitly close it, so you can add multiple map items without having to launch the dialog box for each device. After adding map items to the map you may wish to set various details for them.
204 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP items to several submaps without having to launch the dialog box for each submap. A newly added cloud is initially present only in the submap that you add it to. However, as soon as you add a link to the cloud the normal cloud behavior takes over. For more information see “Clouds and Submaps” on page 168. Linking Items in the Map Links can be added to the map between two devices, a device and a cloud, or between two clouds.
Components 205 Keeping the Map Up-to-date By carrying out rediscoveries of your network at regular intervals 3Com Network Director maintains the map’s topology and keeps it up-to-date with the physical layout of your network. You can also carry out manual rediscoveries or automate them by setting a schedule. Both of these techniques are described in “Discovering the Network” on page 91.
206 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP the map and the map already contains 5000 devices then the end station will not be added to the map, and an event logged in the Event List. For more information see “The Event Log” on page 319. Saving and Opening Maps To create a new empty map file and launch the Network Discovery wizard select File > New. You are prompted to save the map if the current map has changed. Saving the map stores all of the information about the current map to a set of map files.
Components 207 Once you have saved a map you can exit 3Com Network Director, or use another map, and then later restore the saved map at the point where you saved it. To restore a saved map select File > Open and locate the map that you wish to open. 3Com Network Director retains a history of the saved maps that have been used. When you launch 3Com Network Director, and have previously saved maps, the Welcome screen offers you the option of opening the most recently used map.
208 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Figure 74 Default Map File Location You may wish to select a default location that is backed-up regularly, such as on a file server, in order to ensure that you do not lose any saved maps in the event of hardware failure. Exporting Maps to Microsoft Visio 3Com Network Director allows you to export your network map to Microsoft Visio. You can navigate to the subnet that you want to export, or uncheck the View > Group Map by Subnet option to export the entire map.
Components Figure 75 Export to Visio Dialog Box 209
210 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Printing the Map Selecting File > Print launches the Print Map dialog box, which allows you to select how to print the currently visible map: Figure 76 Print Map Dialog Box ■ Selecting the Print the currently visible area option will reproduce exactly what is displayed on the screen in the printed output. This means that if your map is zoomed out far enough that device labels are not shown, they will not be included in the printed output.
Components 211 launches the Scale Background Image dialog box, which allows you to select how the size of the image should be determined. Figure 77 Scale Background Image Dialog Box If you subsequently wish to resize the background image for the currently viewed submap, select View > Background Image > Scale Background Image to launch the Scale Background Image dialog box again.
212 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP If you have cleared the View > Background Image > Show Background Images toggle in order to temporarily hide background images and subsequently set or resize a background image for a submap, the toggle will automatically be re-enabled, turning on the display of background images again. Examples Selecting all of the SuperStack 3 Switch 4400 Devices in the Network The following section provides some examples of how to perform common tasks with the map and tree.
Examples Figure 79 The Search by: List 4 Select 3Com Switch 4400 from the Device type: list. Figure 80 Selection on the Device type: List 5 Click Find to search for the devices, and wait until the search has completed.
214 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Figure 81 Search Results Table 6 Select a row in the results table and then press Ctrl + A to select all of the SuperStack Switch 4400 devices in your network. Figure 82 Devices Selected 7 Select Tools > Reports to launch the capacity report.
Examples Viewing all of the Physical Connections for a Router 215 You are currently viewing the devices in your network grouped by subnet and need to see all of the physical connections for a particular router that is logically connected to multiple subnets. 1 Toggle the View > Group Map by Subnet option to change the map to view the devices without grouping them by subnets. All of the devices discovered in your network are now shown in a single submap with all of their physical links visible.
216 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Figure 84 Double-Clicking on a Router in the Tree
Examples Focusing in on a Set of Devices in the Map 217 You are viewing the devices in your network grouped by subnet, are in the top-level map, and wish to focus in on the servers on a particular subnet. 1 Double-click, either in the map or in the tree, on the subnet that the servers are in. The map changes to show the contents of that subnet: Figure 85 Double-Clicking on a Subnet 2 Locate the servers in the tree.
218 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Figure 86 Selection of Multiple Servers 3 Click on the Zoom in button in the toolbar.
Examples 219 4 Repeat click on the Zoom in button in the toolbar until the servers are at the level of magnification desired: Figure 88 Adjusting the Magnification
220 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Adding a Link between Map Items from Different Submaps You are viewing the devices in your map grouped by subnet, and you wish to add a link between two devices that are on different submaps. 1 Locate the two devices in the tree, select the first one with a single-click and the second one with Ctrl + click. Figure 89 Locating the Two Devices 2 Select Edit > Add Link. This will add a link between the two devices, and will add shortcut icons to the appropriate submaps.
Examples 221 Figure 90 Selecting Edit > Add Link It is not necessary for either of the devices to be visible in the display in order to link them in this way. Adding a New Device on Your Network Into the Map You have just connected a new stackable switch to the network, and wish to add it into the map so that you can manage it.
222 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP If you are viewing the devices in your network grouped by subnet then you need to locate and navigate to the subnet that the new switch is present on, so that the device is present in the correct submap. 1 Find the submap in the tree and double-click on it to open the submap.
Examples 223 Figure 92 Selecting Edit > Add Map 3 Click and drag the stackable switch icon across into the location in the map where you wish the switch to be placed and drop the icon there.
224 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP 4 Having added the switch, close the Add Map Item dialog, right-click on the new icon and select Properties from the pull-right menu. Figure 94 Selecting Properties Use the Properties dialog to set the IP address of the new device. For more information about how do this see “Setting the IP Address for a Manually Added Device” on page 255.
Useful Information and References 225 Useful Information and References The following section provides useful support details related to the map and tree. Graphical Support for Specific Device Types Some device types have specific graphical support in the map. This section provides details of the specific support provided. NBX Network Telephony Solution For more information about the specific support provided for NBX systems see “NBX Support” on page 753.
226 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP If a Wireless Access Point is being monitored then 3Com Network Director will monitor the number of clients connected to the Wireless Access Point and dynamically update the contents of the cloud to reflect the results of its monitoring. Figure 96 Clients Connected to the Wireless Access Point For more information see “Monitoring the Network” on page 273.
Useful Information and References 227 Filename Contents MapName Events.edb Details of the events that have occurred against this map. For example, if you choose to save a map with the name Corporate Core, the following three files will be created: ■ Corporate Core.map ■ Corporate Core.properties ■ Corporate Core Events.edb All three files are saved to the location that you specify when you save the map.
228 CHAPTER 5: WORKING WITH THE MAP Figure 97 Network Login RADIUS is an IETF standard for a protocol providing authentication and accounting services. It is used as part of 3Com’s Network Login and Switch Login features. Switch Login is a feature which stores the TELNET and web username and password details for a 3Com switch on a RADIUS server, rather than local to the switch.
6 Overview VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS This chapter describes how to view detailed information about your networking equipment and apply new settings using the Properties dialog box. The Properties dialog box is available after the network has been discovered. It allows you to: ■ View detailed information about the items on the network map. ■ Specify custom information such as Custom Name and Comments for the items on the network map.
230 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Key Concepts Items Supported by the Properties Dialog Box This section outlines the key concepts of working with the Properties dialog box in 3Com Network Director. 3Com Network Director can display the properties of any item on the network map. This includes: ■ Nodes — a node is an object on the network map that represents a single physical entity.
Components 231 To do this: 1 Select the item(s). You can do this by: ■ Clicking on the item’s icon on the map. ■ Clicking on the item’s name in the network tree. ■ Selecting an area of the network map by dragging the mouse while the left mouse button is pressed. 2 Using the Device > Properties menu option, or right-clicking on the item’s icon on the map and selecting the Properties menu option. Refer to “Working with the Map” on page 151 for more details on how to find and select map items.
232 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Figure 98 Tabbed Pane for a Device Table 36 gives a description of the information displayed for each tab. Table 36 Description of the Tabs in the Properties Dialog Box Tab Title Contents General General information regarding the item, such as name, type and system information. The information varies depending on the item selected. Unit General information on the single unit for the device, such as type and system information.
Components 233 Tab Title Contents VLANs VLAN information for the item, such as the VLANs configured on the device or the VLAN the selected end-station is part of. Phone Information regarding the selected phone. Discovery Options Which nodes should be considered during network discovery. Monitoring Monitoring settings for the item, such as the use of SNMP traps. Retry/Timeout Information regarding the retry and timeout settings used by 3Com Network Director when communicating with the device.
234 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Figure 99 The Device Tree The tree presents the structure, as units/slots and ports, of the selected device. The device tree lists the following: ■ Device — this is the root of the tree. It represents the whole device. The label displayed in the tree corresponds to the label displayed on the network map such as Custom Name, System Name, IP Address, etc.
Components ■ The unit index within the stack and the type of unit. ■ The slot index within the chassis and the type of blade. 235 ■ Port — this is displayed under the device tree node if the device consists of only one unit, or under the unit tree node if there are several units within the device or the device is a chassis. It represents an individual port within the unit/blade. The label displayed in the tree corresponds to the port index.
236 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS By default, only units and aggregated links are displayed in the tree. To display ports within a unit you need to expand the corresponding tree node to view its contents. To expand a tree node and view the contents, click on the + icon next to the folder icon. To collapse a tree node and hide the contents, click on the - icon next to the folder icon. To view information on a specific unit, port, or aggregated link, select the corresponding tree node by clicking on it.
Components Properties Dialog Box for a Supported Device 237 If the map item is a device supported by 3Com Network Director, the Properties dialog box shows a tree on the left-hand side of the dialog box, with the tabbed pane on the right-hand side of the dialog box. The tree shows the individual ports on the device. Select the port in the tree to view the properties for that port. The tabs available for a port are shown in Table 38.
238 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Table 40 Tabs for an Aggregated Link Tab Title Contents General The settings for the aggregated link, such as speed, duplex mode, LACP state, etc. Information on the individual ports that form the aggregation. Power over Information regarding the power over Ethernet settings and usage for Ethernet the selected port at the end of a link.
Components 239 Figure 100 Properties Dialog Box for a Supported Device (Stack or Chassis) Select the unit/slot in the tree to view the properties for that unit/blade. The tabs available for a unit/slot are shown in Table 41. Table 41 Tabs Available for a Unit/Slot Tab Title Contents General The system information for the unit/blade, such as type, hardware and software version, etc. Custom information for the unit, such as comments.
240 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Figure 101 Properties Dialog Box for a Supported Device (Single Unit) Because it is not possible to view the properties of a unit by selecting it in the tree, an additional Unit tab is available for the device. That tab shows the information in the same format as the General tab for a unit. See Table 41. Properties Dialog Box for an Unsupported Device 3Com Network Director cannot list the units, interfaces or ports within a device that it does not support.
Components 241 Figure 102 Properties Dialog Box for an Unsupported Device Because 3Com Network Director does not support the device some information might be missing. Whenever information is missing, 3Com Network Director shows N/A indicating that it is not applicable or Unknown indicating that 3Com Network Director could not get the information).
242 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Figure 103 Properties Dialog Box for an End-Station Because end-stations are usually unmanaged, some information might be missing. Whenever information is missing, 3Com Network Director shows N/A indicating that it is not applicable or Unknown indicating that 3Com Network Director could not get the information. If the NBX pcXset software (softphone application) is running on the end-station, the Phone tab is also available.
Components 243 Figure 104 Properties Dialog for a Phone Phone tab The Properties dialog box for phones displays an extra Phone tab. This tab displays information such as: ■ User information for the phone: User title, user name, user department ■ Phone information: Extension number, location Because phones are unmanaged, some information might be missing.
244 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Properties Dialog Box for a Subnet Figure 105 Properties Dialog Box for a Subnet The tabs available for a subnet are shown in Table 42: Table 42 Tabs available for a Subnet Tab Title Contents General General and custom information for the subnet, such as custom name, subnet address, comments, etc. Discovery Options Which nodes should be considered on this subnet during network discovery.
Components Properties Dialog Box for a Device Group 245 The Properties dialog box for a device group consists of a single General tab, as shown in Figure 106. Figure 106 Properties Dialog Box for a Device Group The General tab shows the following information: Properties Dialog Box for a Cloud ■ Custom Name — The name of the device group as it appears on the map.
246 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Figure 107 Properties Dialog Box for a Cloud The General tab shows the following information: ■ Custom Name — the custom name of the cloud. ■ Type — this corresponds to the media types of the links connected to the cloud. For instance: Ethernet, ATM, FDDI, etc.
Components Properties Dialog Box for a Link 247 ■ If the connected interfaces are of different media types, but are all of media types that are commonly used for WAN communications then the cloud type is set to “WAN”. ■ If the connected interfaces are of different media types, and at least one of them is of a type that is not commonly used for WAN communications then the cloud type is set to “Mixed”. ■ If there is no interface connected to the cloud, the cloud type is unknown.
248 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Figure 108 Properties Dialog Box for a Non-WAN Link The tabs available for a link are shown in Table 43: Table 43 Tabs Available for a Non-WAN Link Tab Title Contents General General information for the link, such as speed, duplex mode, etc. Custom information, such as comments. Ports Information for the devices at each end of the link such as device name and IP address.
Components Tab Title 249 Contents Power over Ethernet Information regarding the power over Ethernet settings and usage for the ports at either end of the link. Properties Dialog Box for a WAN Link VLANs The VLANs that the ports at either end of the link are part of, whether the ports are tagged, etc. Monitoring Monitoring settings for the link, such as the use of SNMP traps. The Properties dialog box for a WAN link consists of a tabbed pane.
250 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS The tabs available for a WAN link are shown in Table 44: Table 44 Tabs Available for a WAN Link Tab Title Contents General General information for the link, such as media type and speed. Custom information, such as comments. Ports Information for the device at one end of the link, such as device name, ifIndex and IP address. Information for the WAN end of the link, such as WAN cloud name and type.
Components 251 Figure 110 Properties Dialog Box for a Layer-3 Connection The tabs available for a link to a subnet are shown in Table 45: Table 45 Tabs available for a Layer-3 Connection Properties Dialog Box for a Multiple Selection Tab Title Contents General General information about the source of the layer-3 connection on the device end of the link, such as details of the IP interface and the ports it is associated with.
252 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Figure 111 Properties Dialog Box for a Multiple Selection The tabs shown in the tabbed pane depend upon the items that have been selected: ■ If the selected items are all of the same type (for example, if they are all physical links, or if they are all devices) then the standard tabs for that type will be shown. ■ If the selected items are of different types then the General tab will be shown, containing only the Comments section.
Components 253 if three links are selected, one of which is an aggregated link, and the Properties dialog box is launched then the General, Ports, VLANs and Monitoring tabs will be displayed; if a node were added to the selection prior to launching the Properties dialog box then the General and Security tabs would be displayed. If, for any tab, it is not possible to display information common to the whole selection, the tab shows explanatory text, as shown in Figure 112.
254 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Applying Changes to Devices Using the Properties Dialog Box This section describes how you can apply changes to items with the Properties dialog box. Changing the Custom Name 3Com Network Director allows you to change the custom name of any item on the network map. To change the custom name of an item on the map: ■ Click on the icon for the node in the 3Com Network Director map to select it.
Components 255 4 Click OK to save your changes. Setting the IP Address for a Manually Added Device When a device is manually added to the map, it does not have an IP address associated with it. 3Com Network Director lets you enter an IP address for that device. To specify the IP address for a manually added device: 1 Click on the icon for the device in the 3Com Network Director map to select it. 2 Select the Device > Properties menu option to launch the Properties dialog box. 3 Click on the Addresses tab.
256 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Figure 114 Addresses Tab for a Manually Added Device Figure 115 Cannot Contact the IP Address Specified Assigning an IP address to a manually added device only defines the IP address that 3Com Network Director uses to communicate with the device – it does not assign the IP address to the device itself.
Components 257 Setting the Port Numbers for a Manually Added Link When a link is manually added to the map, it does not specify which ports or interfaces are being used on the devices it connects. 3Com Network Director lets you enter which ports or interfaces are used for the link. To specify port information for a manually added link: 1 Click on the icon for the link in the 3Com Network Director map to select it. 2 Select the Device > Properties menu option to launch the Properties dialog box.
258 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Figure 116 Ports Tab for a Manually Added Link Changing the Community Strings for a Device It is possible to specify which community strings 3Com Network Director should use to communicate with a device.
Components 259 To change the community strings on a device: 1 Click on the icon for the device in the 3Com Network Director map to select it. 2 Select the Device > Properties menu option to launch the Properties dialog box. 3 Select the Security tab. This shows the tab shown in Figure 117. 4 If you do not want to use the default community strings for that device, click the Specify option. This enables the Read and Write fields. 5 Enter the new community strings in the Read and Write sections.
260 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Figure 117 Security Tab for a Device
Components 261 Figure 118 Community Strings Not Accepted Once the changes are applied 3Com Network Director uses the new community strings to communicate with the device. Changing the community strings for a device only changes the community strings that 3Com Network Director uses to communicate with the device, it does not change the community strings on the device itself.
262 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Monitoring settings can be configured from within the Monitoring tab of the Properties dialog box: Figure 119 Monitoring tab of the Properties dialog box Monitoring settings, and how to change them, are covered in detail in “Controlling Monitoring Type and Polling Rates” on page 296.
Components 263 Retry and timeout settings can be configured from within the Retry/Timeout tab of the Properties dialog box: Figure 120 Retry/Timeout tab of the Properties dialog box The use of retry and timeout settings in your network, and how to change them, is covered in detail in “Using 3Com Network Director On A Multi-Site Network” on page 681.
264 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Figure 121 Discovery Options Tab of the Properties dialog box Details of setting the discovery options for subnets and the effects that they have are given in “Discovery Options Pane” on page 122. Examples The following section details examples of using the Properties dialog box. How Do I View the Properties of a Specific Port on a Device? You want to check the settings of port 5 on slot 4 of your 3Com Switch 4007.
Examples 265 To View the Properties for that port: 1 Click on the icon for your Switch 4007 on the map to select it. 2 Select the Device > Properties menu option to launch the Properties dialog box. 3 To expand the tree and display all the ports on Slot 4 of your Switch 4007 click on the + sign beside the tree branch corresponding to Slot 4 on the left-hand pane of the dialog box. 4 Select Port 5 in the tree to show the properties for that port.
266 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS Figure 122 Properties for a Specific Port How Do I Change the Community Strings for All Devices in a Subnet? You have changed the community strings for all devices in a subnet, and want 3Com Network Director to use these community strings to communicate with these devices. To change the community strings for all devices in a subnet: 1 Click on the icon for the subnet in the 3Com Network Director map to select it.
Examples 267 7 Enter the new community string in the Read and Write sections. 8 Click OK to validate your changes. 3Com Network Director now uses the community strings you specified to communicate with the selected devices.
268 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS How Do I Find the Version of the Agent Software on a 3Com Device? You want to check the version of the software running on your 3Com switch. To see the software version running on your switch: 1 Click on the icon for the switch in the 3Com Network Director map to select it. 2 Select the Device > Properties menu option to launch the Properties dialog box The software version is displayed in: The Unit tab for the device, if the switch is a single-unit.
Key Considerations 269 7 Select the Only core devices discovery option. 8 Complete the wizard. After the Network Discovery has completed the subnet will be added to your map, containing only the core devices in that subnet. How Do I Restrict Monitoring to SNMP Traps for a Device? You want to keep the network management traffic against a particular device on your network to an absolute minimum, but still want to allow the device to inform you of unusual events.
270 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS It is also possible that the SNMP requests that 3Com Network Director uses to communicate with the device timed out. If this is the case then the Discovery report will indicate that this problem occurred during discovery. For more information on this report see “The Discovery Report”on page 131 and for details of how to increase the retry and timeout values for a device see “Using 3Com Network Director On A Multi-Site Network” on page 681.
Key Considerations 271 It Takes a Long Time to Close the Dialog Box After Assigning an IP Address to a Manually Added Device You assigned an IP address to a manually added device and the Properties dialog box takes a long time before closing. During that time, a message is displayed which reads: Please wait while the new properties are verified and applied. This is normal.
272 CHAPTER 6: VIEWING DEVICE DETAILS
7 MONITORING THE NETWORK Overview This chapter describes how 3Com Network Director can be used to monitor the status of the devices and links within your network. Monitoring the status of devices and links within your network allows you to identify possible bottlenecks or trouble spots in the network before they cause a major impact, and can be used to assist in troubleshooting when issues arise.
274 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Monitoring and Event Generation The monitoring system is used as the main source for generating events.When a monitor enters a state that indicates an abnormal network condition it logs an event detailing the cause.Depending upon the monitor it may also log details of the monitoring state in the time immediately preceding and following the event.When the monitor later exits this state it resolves the event.
Key Concepts 275 Figure 124 Example of how the Monitored State is Displayed on the Map The color of a monitored item represents the highest severity unresolved event for that item, as shown in the table below: Table 46 Map Item Color Key Color Description Red There are unresolved events for the item and the highest has a high, critical or recurring severity. Yellow There are unresolved events for the item and the highest has a warning severity. Green There are no unresolved events for the item.
276 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK For details on how to start monitoring an unmonitored device or link, or to stop monitoring a monitored device or link, see “Starting and Stopping Monitoring” on page 293. For more information on event severities see “Event Severities” on page 321 Monitoring State and the Grouped View When you are viewing the devices in your network grouped by subnet, 3Com Network Director propagates the monitoring states of devices, links and submaps up the submap hierarchy.
Key Concepts 277 The rate with which an active monitor polls depends upon the type of device that is being polled, the active monitoring mechanism used and the polling configuration.See “Using 3Com Network Director On A Multi-Site Network” on page 681 for more information. Passive Monitoring: Passive monitoring relies upon a device monitoring its own state and sending unsolicited messages to 3Com Network Director whenever its state changes, providing details of the change.
278 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Service Polling 3Com Network Director provides support for monitoring the status of various services that may be provided by servers in your network, including such services as DNS, FTP, POP3 and SMTP mail.3Com Network Director monitors a service by connecting to and sending a request to the service on a regular basis.The response received, or the lack of any response, is used by 3Com Network Director to update the state of the monitor.
Key Concepts 279 If an SNMP trap is received that does not have a monitor associated with it then 3Com Network Director will use the trap to generate an event directly.For more information see “The Event Log” on page 319 See “Registering 3Com Network Director as an SNMP Trap Destination” on page 304 for more information on controlling how 3Com Network Director registers itself with SNMP trap sources as an SNMP trap destination.
280 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK ■ If neither end of the link can be monitored then the link cannot be monitored. ■ Otherwise, if one end of the link cannot be monitored then use the other end. ■ Otherwise, if only one end of the link is currently being monitored then use that end. ■ Otherwise, if port information is only available for one end of the link then use that end. Note that full port information may not be available for non-3Com devices.
Components 281 Figure 125 Live Graphs Window The Live Graphs window has a similar layout to the Main Window, with a menu and toolbar at the top and a tree at the left-hand side.However, it uses the right-hand side of the display to show live graphs for monitors. Poll Rates When the Live Graphs window is displayed for a particular device or link 3Com Network Director increases the poll rate for the active monitors of the device or link to every 10 seconds in order to provide you with more detailed graphs.
282 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK ■ For other devices the hierarchy lists the device as the top-level folder and the known links to the device as nodes below that. Selecting the top-level folder, which is the default, changes the displayed live graphs on the right-hand side of the display to graphs of the monitors that monitor the general state of the device.
Components 283 The length of time for which the history is maintained may be configured via the Tools > Options dialog box. See “Configuring the Storage of Monitoring Data” on page 306 for more information. Each monitor has a menu that can be launched by right-clicking on the monitor’s live graph. Some items in the menu are not always applicable.When this is the case, the menu option is grayed out. The operations provided by the right-click menu are equivalent to their corresponding main menu items.
284 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Figure 127 Displaying Thresholds for Live Graph With Below-Threshold Values (Forcing display of Thresholds and Not Forcing display of Thresholds) If a graph does include values that are near or exceed the high threshold, then both thresholds will already be visible on the graph. Enabling or disabling this option in this case will have no effect on the graph.
Components 285 Some items in the toolbar are not always applicable.When this is the case, the toolbar button is grayed out. Hovering the mouse cursor over a button in the toolbar causes a tooltip for that button to be displayed. The tooltip describes the operation associated with the button. The operations provided by the toolbar buttons are equivalent to their corresponding menu items. See “Live Graphs Menu” on page 285 for more information.
286 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Table 49 Live Graphs - View Menu Menu Item Hot Key Display thresholds Operation Toggles the forcing of the display of scaling of the monitors’ mini-graphs to the thresholds set for the monitors in their mini-graphs. See “Displaying Thresholds” on page 283 for more information. Table 50 Live Graphs - Help Menu Menu Item Hot Key Help on this window More Detail Dialog Box Operation Launches the online help topic for the Live Graphs window.
Components 287 The More Detail dialog box provides in-depth information about the selected monitor. The main body of text describes what attribute the monitor is monitoring, details the current state of the monitor and, if the monitor is in an abnormal state, describes what may be causing the problem and potential resolutions.
288 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Figure 130 Detailed Graph The dialog box consists of the detailed graph, shown at the top, and a section containing view options beneath. The color of the line used to graph the monitor’s state is always shown as green in the graph’s key. However, like the graphs in the Live Graphs window, the graphed line that shows the historical monitor state is color-coded green, yellow or red to show the state of the monitor throughout its history.
Components 289 Figure 131 Component Values Fields Showing Thresholds The Display Options section, which is displayed on the right-hand side when the Data to Graph section is displayed, contains two options for controlling the display of the graphs: Show threshold for… and Show plot points. The Show threshold for… option, when enabled, works in an identical manner to the Display thresholds option for the Live Graphs window. See “Displaying Thresholds” on page 283 for more information.
290 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Showing Plot Points When the Show plot points option is enabled, which is the default, the graph highlights the values on the graph that represent the actual retrieved values from the device by drawing a symbol on each of these points. 3Com Network Director draws the complete graph by linking each of these points using straight lines.
Components 291 Figure 134 Graph Save As... Dialog box Zooming into a Graph Left-clicking or right-clicking on a graph and dragging the mouse produces a highlighted area. When you release the mouse, the graph zooms in to show your highlighted area in more detail.
292 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Zooming in: Figure 135 Selecting Area for Zoomed in Graph View After zooming in: Figure 136 Zoomed in Graph View
Configuration 293 Right-clicking on the graph produces a pop-up menu, on which you can select the Auto Range Graph Axes menu option. This option restores the graph to its original unzoomed state. Poll Rates When the Detailed Graph dialog box is displayed for any monitor on a particular device or link 3Com Network Director increases the poll rate for the active monitors of that device or link to every 10 seconds in order to provide you with more detailed graphs.
294 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Stopping monitoring on a set of devices and links can be performed in a similar manner to starting monitoring, but by selecting either Monitoring > Stop Monitoring from the main menu or Stop Monitoring from the right-click menu instead. When you stop monitoring for a device or link, 3Com Network Director clears the stored history for that item’s monitors and automatically resolves any unresolved events for that item that were generated by active monitors.
Configuration 295 When a monitor is disabled the text Switched Off will be displayed over the monitor.In the Live Graphs window the graph is otherwise blank: Figure 137 Disabled Monitor Screen In the Detailed Graph dialog box for the monitor, the graph also shows the history for the monitor at the time the monitor was disabled.
296 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Controlling Monitoring Type and Polling Rates Depending upon the topology and geographical distribution of your network, regular polling of some segments of your network may cause more network traffic than is desirable.In order to address this, 3Com Network Director allows you to control the amount of traffic generated on your network by the monitors.
Configuration 297 Response Monitoring: In response monitoring mode 3Com Network Director only enables the IP Ping Service monitor for a device.All other monitors are disabled and are not displayed in the Live Graphs window. This greatly reduces the amount of traffic generated by monitoring a device, but only provides a minimum of information about the state of the device and prevents you from monitoring links using that device.
298 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK The use of monitoring mode in distributed networks is discussed in section on monitoring mode in “Using 3Com Network Director On A Multi-Site Network” on page 681 Poll Rate Active monitors poll the devices in your network to obtain the data they require to calculate the monitor state.The higher the poll rate used, the more traffic this will generate on your network.
Configuration 299 Figure 139 Monitoring Tab of Tools > Options Dialog Box If Use automatic monitoring is selected, the default, then you may specify the number of important devices to use full monitoring mode for.All other devices will be monitored using the response monitoring mode.In automatic monitoring mode 3Com Network Director automatically controls the Monitoring global defaults settings.
300 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Specifying Monitoring Mode and Poll Rates at the Subnet Level You can only change the monitoring type and poll rate settings for a subnet if you are not using automatic monitoring mode for the whole map.
Configuration 301 Specifying Monitoring Mode and Poll Rates at the Device Level You can only change the monitoring type and poll rate settings for a device if you are not using automatic monitoring mode for the whole map.
302 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK control. A checkbox will be shown with a tri-state value. A radio button will be shown with no initial selection. A text field will be shown with no initial value. When you click OK, any changes you have made will be applied to all selected devices. If you stop monitoring on a device then the device will automatically enter the No monitoring mode.If you subsequently restart monitoring for that device then it will revert to its previous settings.
Configuration 303 Figure 142 Monitoring Pane of Network Discovery Wizard For a new discovery, specified subnets will be created with the monitoring mode settings you specify in the Monitoring pane, and all core devices newly discovered within those subnets will be configured to inherit their settings from their subnet. For a rediscovery, the Monitoring pane will initially show the existing settings of your discovered subnets. You can modify these settings if you wish.
304 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Changing Retry Periods and Timeouts Depending upon the topology and geographical distribution of your network, access to some portions of your network may be slower or less reliable than to other portions of your network.In particular, traffic to and from remote sites may be carried over slow WAN links. If communications with a portion of your network are particularly slow or unreliable this may result in a loss of data.
Configuration 305 register to receive SNMP traps from supported devices option from the Monitoring tab of the Tools > Options dialog box: Figure 143 Monitoring Tab of Tools > Options Dialog Box : Unchecking this option will prevent 3Com Network Director from registering with devices from this point on. Devices already registered will remain registered until 3Com Network Director deregisters itself in the normal course of operations.
306 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK 3Com Network Director will not register itself as an SNMP trap destination with non-3Com devices when you start monitoring them, nor will it de-register itself when you stop monitoring them. If you wish 3Com Network Director to receive traps from a non-3Com device then you will need to manually add the IP address of the PC that 3Com Network Director is running on to the trap destination table of that device.
Configuration 307 Figure 144 Logging Tab of Tools > Options Dialog Box Increasing or decreasing the time period will preserve any existing data already collected for each monitor. Increasing the time period will cause existing history data to be retained for longer. Decreasing the time period will discard any excess data. If you do not wish to maintain monitor histories at all then you can uncheck the checkbox for the Maintain monitor history for: setting.
308 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Examples Enabling Monitoring on the Core Devices in the Map This section provides examples of how you may use the monitoring features of 3Com Network Director to assist in the management of your network. You have are currently not monitoring any devices or links in your network, and wish to start monitoring on all of the core devices in your network. 1 In the main window, select Edit > Select All Core Devices.All of the core devices in your network are selected.
Examples 309 3 Select Monitoring > Stop Monitoring. 3Com Network Director will stop monitoring all of the devices and links in your network. Configuring Monitoring for a Remote Office You have turned off automatic monitoring mode, and are configuring monitoring in order to reduce the monitoring traffic passing over your WAN links.
310 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Figure 148 Properties Dialog Box for a Subnet 3 Uncheck the Use defaults from Tools > Options dialog box option.
Examples 311 Figure 149 Use Defaults Option in Tools > Options Dialog Box 4 Ensure that the Full monitoring mode is selected.
312 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Figure 150 Poll Rates in Tools > Options Dialog Box 6 Close the Properties dialog box by clicking OK.
Examples Extending the Length of Maintained Monitor History 313 You have found that the default 10-minute history does not provide you with enough information for your purposes, and wish to extend it to 30 minutes.
314 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Figure 152 Maintain Monitor History Field Detail 3 Close the Tools > Options dialog box by clicking OK. Key Considerations Monitoring and Logged Data This section provides assistance with monitoring your network. Monitors are used as the data source for almost all information that 3Com Network Director gathers about the state of your network.In addition to providing live graph information and generating events, they are used for logging data for historical reports.
Key Considerations 315 data collection, the graph should start showing the monitor’s state history. Switched Off: The monitor is disabled and so no data is being gathered for it.The monitor may be re-enabled from within the Live Graphs window by selecting it and selecting Monitor > Enable this monitor.See “Disabling and Enabling Individual Monitors” on page 294 for more information. Data Unavailable: The monitor has been started, but is unable to fetch the data it needs to operate.
316 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK Links Without Suitable Data Sources: When you start monitoring against a link, 3Com Network Director examines the two items at either end and selects one of them as the data source for the link’s monitoring information. However, some items cannot provide suitable information for monitoring the link. These are as follows: ■ Devices that are not monitored in full monitoring mode.Full monitoring mode is the only mode that provides enough information for link monitoring.
Key Considerations 317 Figure 153 Error Message Dialog Box Click on the Next and Back buttons to see detailed information on each problem item.
318 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING THE NETWORK
8 THE EVENT LOG Overview This chapter describes the events system that is used within 3Com Network Director to provide a constantly updated log of activity on your network. The events system can be used to view and take action on abnormal network conditions before they cause problems. It offers powerful filtering tools to allow you to view only events of interest and offers configurable Smart Event Analysis to help ensure that logged events are relevant and concise.
320 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Events may be viewed from within the Events List window. This provides you with a powerful mechanism for interpreting the events on your network, allowing you to: ■ Filter and sort the list of events, to enable you to focus on events of particular interest. ■ Obtain more information on events that, for events that indicate abnormal network occurrences, includes possible causes and suggested resolutions to prevent the event from occurring in future.
Key Concepts 321 SNMP Trap-Based Events SNMP traps that are received by 3Com Network Director are processed and then used to generate SNMP trap-based events. SNMP trap-based events are indicated clearly in the Events window with their description being preceded by Trap:, or preceded by RMON alarm: if the SNMP trap was generated in response to an RMON alarm.
322 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG created, opened or closed, successful completion of device backups, agents restarting, links becoming operational and so on. Information severity is also used for proprietary SNMP trap-based events that 3Com Network Director does not have a specific decode for. Warning Severity The warning severity is used for events that indicate the presence of a potential problem on your network.
Key Concepts 323 Director logs a single event and updates it with details of the number of times the condition that led to the event has occurred. For example, a Security Violation event logged with recurring severity may indicate that someone is trying to crack user passwords on your network, alternatively, it may indicate that a user has forgotten their password and is repeatedly trying to log in.
324 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Events may also be manually resolved. See “Manually Resolving Events” on page 334 for more information. Smart Event Analysis The Events System provides a set of features that work together to filter and interpret the generated events and provide you with the best possible picture of the state of your network. These features are event correlation, recurring event handling, event suppression and SNMP trap filtering, and are known collectively as Smart Event Analysis.
Key Concepts 325 Event Suppression Some networking technologies, such as Ethernet, are typically “bursty”. In other words data rates can suddenly increase to very high levels for very short periods of time before settling down again. Such spikes in data rates are not problematic; they are the normal behavior that arises from such technologies’ implementations.
326 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG SNMP Trap: Sends an SNMP trap to a trap destination containing details of a generated event. See “Event System Configuration” on page page 349 for details of configuring alerts. Events List Components The Events window is used to display a list of events that have been generated for a particular map, and is automatically updated as new events are generated so that you may always view the current state of your network.
Events List Components 327 marked for deletion. See “Filter Dialog Box” on page 339 for more information on the available filtering options and “Deleting Events” on page 335 for more details on how 3Com Network Director handles the deletion of events. If you are launching the Events window to view all of the events logged for the map and you already have an Events window on screen that is not filtered for particular items then 3Com Network Director will bring that Events window to the front.
328 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG The following table details the columns used in the Events list: Table 52 Events List Column Headings Column Heading (Deleted) Contents Indicates whether an event has been marked for deletion or not. Events marked for deletion are shown with an X in this column. See “Deleting Events” on page 335 for more information. This column is only shown if the filter is configured to show deleted events. See “Filter Dialog Box” on page 339 for more information.
Events List Components 329 Shift+ left click to add a set of rows to, or remove them from, the selection. Right-clicking on an event launches a menu that provides access to the most commonly used event management tools. Some items in the right-click menu are not always applicable. When this is the case, the option is grayed out. The operations provided by the right-click menu options are equivalent to their corresponding Events menu items. Please refer to the“Events Menu” on page 329 for more information.
330 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Table 54 Edit Menu ( Edit Menu Item Hot Key Resolve Delete Resolves the currently selected events. See“Manually Resolving Events” on page 334. Delete Undelete Find Marks the currently selected events as deleted. See “Deleting Events” on page 335. Marks the currently selected events as not deleted. See “Deleting Events” on page 335. Ctrl+F Filter Select All Operation Launches the Find dialog box for searching the Events list. See “Find Dialog Box” on page 338.
Events List Components 331 Change Thresholds Launches the Threshold Settings dialog box for the monitor that generated the selected event. See “Setting Thresholds for Monitor-Based Events” on page 356. Disable this Event Disables the selected events. See “Disabling and Enabling Events” on page 349. Attach Alerts Launches the Attach Alerts dialog box for the selected events. See“Attach Alerts Dialog Box” on page 364. Advanced Launches the Advanced Settings dialog box for the selected events.
332 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG The first status bar is shown above the Events table, and contains details of the filter that is currently being used: Figure 155 Filter Status Bar See “Filter Status Bar” on page 343 for details of the values that may be displayed in this status bar and their meanings.
Events List Components 333 generated for. This item is listed in the Name column of the event’s entry in the Events list. To view the event source of an event in the map, select the event and then select Event > Goto. 3Com Network Director locates and selects the event source in the map, if necessary changing the viewed submap to one that contains the event source, centers the event source in the screen, zooms in to it and brings the map to the front.
334 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Figure 157 Comment Dialog Box Any comments already entered for the selected event will be shown within the editable text area. It is possible to add, edit or view the comments for multiple events at the same time. This allows you to set identical comments for a set of related events, such as events generated by the same cause. To do this select the set of events that you wish to access the comments for, then select Event > Comment.
Events List Components 335 once an event has been logged for an SNMP trap with a severity other than info, the item that the event was logged for will always have unresolved events listed for it and so will appear in the map colored either yellow or red. Once you have investigated such an event and are satisfied that the cause has been resolved, you can manually change its state to resolved to improve the accuracy of the reported state of your network.
336 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG to prevent them from being generated in future. See “Disabling and Enabling Events” on page 349 for more information on this. If you have marked an event for deletion and later decide that you do not wish to delete it then, providing the event ageing process has not yet deleted it, you may clear the deletion mark by selecting the event and then selecting Edit > Undelete.
Events List Components 337 If you have stopped an update and later wish to ensure that you are viewing all of the events that match the filter, select View > Refresh. This will refresh the Events list from the events database. Exporting the Events List to a CSV Format File The Events window provides facilities for exporting the events to a comma-separated value format file.
338 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Printing the Events List Find Dialog Box Selecting File > Print allows you to print the events that are currently shown in the Events list. The printed output also includes the name of the map and the time of the print out. The Events Find dialog box allows you to search for specific text in all of the fields of the Events list.
Events List Components 339 If you click Find Next again after the end of the list has been reached the search will resume again from the beginning of the list. Find Previous: Clicking Find Previous starts searching the list from the event immediately preceding the last selected event in the list, and searches toward the beginning of the list.
340 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Figure 160 Filter Dialog Box Filter options cannot be changed for an Events window if it was launched using the What’s Wrong right-click menu option for a selection. You may filter on any combination of the fields. Name Filter This field filters for events that were generated by a particular item or set of items.
Events List Components 341 selected item if a single device or link was selected, or Multiple if there was more than one item in the selection, and filters for events that were generated by the selection. To change the items that the Events list is filtered for, click Select.
342 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG The default is All, and no events are filtered based upon severity. If you select a specific severity then only events with that severity will be displayed in the Events list. Last number of days Filter This field filters the events by time. This filter works in numbers of days. The default is thirty, and the list includes an all option, which results in events not being filtered based on time.
Events List Components 343 Deleted Events Filter This field determines whether or not to show events marked for deletion in the Events list. You may choose to either Show or Hide events that have been marked for deletion. Hide is the default. If you wish to undelete an event you will need to Show the deleted events so that you may select it prior to selecting Edit > Undelete. See “Deleting Events” on page 335.
344 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Table 60 Events Window Filter Status Bar Details Text Description Filtering off There is no filtering in effect. The Events list is showing every event that has been logged. Name The events have been filtered on name, and so only events for the selected items are shown in the Events list. Severity The events have been filtered on severity, and so only events with a particular severity are shown in the Events list.
Events List Components 345 Event Tab The Event tab provides a description of the event: Figure 162 More Detail Dialog Box Event Tab The description provided by the main body of text depends upon the event: Monitor-based events: The main body of text describes what attribute is monitored by the monitor that generated the event, details the state of the monitor when the event was generated, describes what has caused the problem and provides potential resolutions.
346 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG If 3Com Network Director was not able to interpret the SNMP trap when it was received then the main body of text will simply provide some high-level information about the raw content of the trap. If you know the format of an SNMP trap that 3Com Network Director is unable to interpret then you may configure 3Com Network Director with this information. 3Com Network Director will then be able to interpret the trap if it receives it again.
Events List Components 347 Figure 163 More Detail Dialog Box Graph Tab The Graph tab works in a similar manner to the Detailed Graph dialog box for a monitor (see “Detailed Graph Dialog Box” on page 287 for details of this). However, there are a few differences worth noting: ■ The Graph tab displays a historical graph of the monitor’s state around the time of the event, rather than a live graph.
348 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG length of time that the history is maintained for may be configured via the Tools > Options dialog box. See “Configuring the Storage of Monitoring History for Events” on page 360.
Event System Configuration 349 is possible for it to do so. If it is not possible for 3Com Network Director to translate the entire object identifier then the remainder will be shown using numerical values. Using the example given above, 3Com Network Director translates 1 to iso, 3 to org, 6 to dod, and so on. It cannot translate any further than translating 10 to generic, and so the following is displayed: iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprises.a3Com.generic.22.2.1.4.1.7.0.4.
350 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Before the event is disabled, you must select the devices or links as appropriate, that the event is to be disabled for: Only devices and links which generated the selected events: Prevents events of the selected events’ types from being generated for the items that the selected events were generated for. This is the Default. All devices and links: Prevents events of the selected events’ types from being generated by any item.
Event System Configuration 351 The Disabled Events dialog box also allows you to change the items that an event is disabled for. To do this, select the event that you wish to change and click Change Selection. This then gives two options: Selected devices/links: This option allows you to select the items, as appropriate, that the event is disabled for, by clicking Select to launch the Selected Items dialog box.
352 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Figure 166 Selected Items dialog box Depending upon the event that you are changing the selection for, this dialog box will allow you to change the set of devices or links that the event is disabled for. To add new items into the selection, click Add. This launches the Find dialog box in the appropriate mode.
Event System Configuration 353 depending upon your management requirements, it may be desirable to see the unfiltered and uninterpreted events. 3Com Network Director allows you to select which features of Smart Event Analysis are enabled on a global basis and, for recurring event handling and event suppression, on a per-event basis. See “Smart Event Analysis” on page 324 for a detailed description.
354 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG This dialog box allows you to enable or disable the individual features of Smart Event Analysis by toggling their respective check boxes. You may also disable Smart Event Analysis completely by clearing the Enable Smart Event Analysis check box. If you completely disable Smart Event Analysis, the per-event settings for Smart Event Analysis will be ignored.
Event System Configuration 355 of the PC that 3Com Network Director is running on to the trap destination table of that device. Similarly, if you no longer wish 3Com Network Director to receive traps from a device that is not in the map then you will need to manually remove the IP address of the PC that 3Com Network Director is running on from the trap destination table of that device. Please refer to the device’s user-guide for details of how to do this.
356 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG If you have disabled Smart Event Analysis on a global basis then the per-event Smart Event Analysis settings are ignored. See “Controlling Smart Event Analysis”on page 352. Setting Thresholds for Monitor-Based Events A monitor-based event is generated when the state of a monitor exceeds a configured threshold and, if event suppression is enabled, continuously exceeds the threshold for a predetermined time or number of polls.
Event System Configuration 357 ■ From within the Live Graphs window, select the monitor that you wish to change the thresholds for and select Monitor > Change thresholds. See “Live Graphs Window” on page 280 for further information. ■ From within the More Details dialog box for the monitor that you wish to change the thresholds for, click Change Thresholds. See “More Detail Dialog Box”on page 286 for further information.
358 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Figure 170 Threshold Settings Dialog Box There are three ways in which the high threshold can be changed: Sensitivity: The sensitivity slider allows you to adjust how sensitive the monitor is to high values. Increasing the sensitivity will reduce the threshold and so increase the frequency with which events will be generated by the monitor. Decreasing the sensitivity will increase the threshold and so decrease the frequency with which events will be generated by the monitor.
Event System Configuration 359 Threshold Value: The absolute value of the high threshold can be set directly in the High stress threshold value. Changes made to the High stress threshold value will be reflected automatically in the sensitivity slider and the Warning stress threshold value.
360 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG This device/link: Changes the threshold for the monitor on the item indicated at the top of the dialog box only. This will be the item that the Live Graphs were being viewed for, or the item that the event was generated for, depending upon whether the Threshold Settings dialog box was launched in the context of the Live Graphs window or the Events List window respectively. This is the default.
Event System Configuration 361 Figure 171 Logging Tab Decreasing the time period that historical data is stored for will reduce the size of the event log and therefore the disk space used by 3Com Network Director on your PC. If you do not wish to store monitoring state histories at all for events then you can clear the check box for the Store history before and after events for: setting.
362 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG The process is controlled by two configurable parameters: ■ The maximum number of days to keep events for. ■ The maximum number of events to keep. When the ageing process runs it uses these parameters to determine what events to permanently remove from the events database using the following rules: ■ Firstly, any events older than the configured maximum number of days are removed.
Event System Configuration 363 The event ageing process can only run overnight if 3Com Network Director is running overnight. If you close 3Com Network Director every evening then the event ageing process will only ever be run if you click OK in the Ageing dialog box. See “Ageing Dialog Box” on page 363.
364 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG ■ Change the configured maximum number of days to keep events for and change the maximum number of events to keep. When you close the Ageing dialog box by clicking OK the event ageing process is immediately run with your new settings. This may result in events being permanently removed from the events database.
Alert System Components 365 To launch it from the Main Window, select the items that you wish to view the attached alerts for, or attach alerts to, and then select Alerts/Events > Attach Alerts. To launch it from the Events window, select events generated by the items that you wish to view the attached alerts for, or attach alerts to, and select Event > Attach Alerts.
366 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Attaching Alerts to Items To attach an alert to, or remove an alert from, the items that the Attach Alerts dialog box was launched for, toggle the check box for the appropriate alert from within the Attach Alerts dialog box. The alert will become active after you close the Attach Alerts dialog box by clicking OK.
Alert System Components 367 There are various types of alert that may be created within the system. These are detailed in “Alerts” on page 325. Each alert type may be configured with suitable parameters for its type. For example, a Sound alert only requires the name of a suitable audio file, whereas an E-mail alert requires details of the SMTP host to use, along with details of the source and destination e-mail addresses and the subject and contents of the message.
368 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Figure 175 Sample Pop-up Alert If this alert was attached to a device, and an event was generated for that device due to high utilization then the following pop-up would appear on screen:
Alert System Components 369 Figure 176 Pop-up for a Device Tokens are supported in the Text: field of Pop-up, E-mail, Pager and SNMP Trap alerts, in the Arguments: field of Application alerts and in the Subject: field of E-mail and Pager alerts. They are not supported in any other fields. If you manually type a token in an unsupported field then it will not be replaced with the dynamic value when the alert is generated, and so will appear exactly as it is typed.
370 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Figure 177 SNMP Trap Alert Options These two options allow you to send SNMP trap alerts for all events of particular severities, regardless of whether the alert is attached to the item that the event was generated for or not. If you select either of these options for an SNMP trap alert then you do not need to attach the alert to any items at all. SNMP traps will automatically be sent for all events with the severity or severities indicated by the selected check boxes.
Examples 371 Figure 178 Events Window Exporting High Severity Events Generated in the Last Week You wish to build up a database to help determine problem trends in your network. To do this you decide to use undeleted high severity events as an indication of the trends, and need to export them from 3Com Network Director so that you may import them into your database. 1 Launch the Events window by selecting Alerts/Events > View All Events. 2 Launch the Filter dialog box by selecting Edit > Filter.
372 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Figure 179 Filter Dialog Box - 7 Days of High Severity 5 Click OK to close the Filter dialog box and update the events in the Events List to match the filter:
Examples 373 Figure 180 Events Window - Filtered Results 6 Select File > Export as CSV. 7 Ensure that Use current filter is selected and click OK. 8 Select the file that you wish to export to and click Save. You may now import the exported events into your database. Undeleting an Event You have just marked an event for deletion in the Events window, but have decided that you wish to retain the event after all. However, the event is no longer visible in the Event window.
374 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Figure 181 Filter Dialog Box - Show 3 Click OK to close the Filter dialog box and update the events in the Events window to match the filter:
Examples 375 Figure 182 Events Window - Updated 4 Locate the event that you wish to retain in the Event list and select it: Figure 183 Events Window - Select Event 5 Select Edit > Undelete.
376 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Figure 184 Events Window - Cleared Deletion Mark Obtaining Events for Received SNMP Traps You have a service monitoring application that can generate SNMP traps when services are under heavy load or have errors and you wish to incorporate the information from the service monitoring application into the 3Com Network Director events system. 1 Add the IP address of the PC running 3Com Network Director to the SNMP trap destination table of the service monitoring application.
Examples 377 Figure 185 Trap Filtering Dialog Box 6 Close both the Trap Filtering dialog box and then the global Advanced Settings dialog box by clicking OK. If you know the format of the SNMP traps that the service monitoring application can generate then you may wish to configure 3Com Network Director with this information so that it can interpret them correctly.
378 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Figure 186 Advanced Settings Dialog Box 4 Close the global Advanced Settings dialog box by clicking OK. In some networking technologies, particularly Ethernet, it is normal to see spikes in the traffic rates, where the traffic rate suddenly increases to very high levels for very short periods of time before returning to low levels. These spikes are not indicative of a network problem, but are normal behavior.
Examples 379 24-hours a day. You wish to receive pager messages whenever there is a problem with the farm to minimize the impact these may have. 1 Select the servers that are members of the server farm in the map or tree. 2 Select Alerts/Events > Attach Alerts to launch the Attach Alerts dialog box. 3 Click Set Up Alerts to launch the Set Up Alerts dialog box. 4 Click Add to launch the Add Alert dialog box so that you may add a new alert definition for server farm alerts.
380 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG 6 Close the Add Alert dialog box by clicking OK to add the alert and return to the Set Up Alerts dialog box. The Server Farm Alert will now be visible in the list: Figure 188 Set Up Alerts Dialog Box 7 Close the Set Up Alerts dialog box by clicking OK to complete the addition of the new alert and return to the Attach Alerts dialog box.
Examples Figure 189 Attach Alerts Dialog Box 381
382 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG 8 Check the check box for the Server Farm Alert: Figure 190 9 Close the Attach Alerts dialog box by clicking OK. This attaches the alert to the server farm devices. Key Considerations No Events in the Events List The following section provides assistance when using the events system within 3Com Network Director.
Key Considerations 383 Figure 191 Events List Window - Bottom Status Bar To refresh the Events list fully, select View > Refresh and do not stop the update. Filter Has Excluded All Events The currently configured filter may be filtering out all events in the events database.
384 CHAPTER 8: THE EVENT LOG Figure 192 Options Dialog Box - Logging Tab Graphs are only generated for monitor-based events. If you launch the More Detail dialog box for an SNMP trap-based event or a 3Com Network Director internal event then there will be no Graph tab, regardless of whether or not the storing of historical data before and after events is enabled.
9 Overview PERFORMANCE REPORTING This chapter describes the logging and reporting of data within 3Com Network Director. 3Com Network Director uses monitoring to track the health of your network and spot problems as they occur. One of the functions performed by 3Com Network Director is to collect this monitored data and log it to disk. This gives you the ability to produce reports on devices and links, that show the health of your network over a period of time, and when particular problems occurred.
386 CHAPTER 9: PERFORMANCE REPORTING Data resolutions 3Com Network Director maximizes the usefulness of collected data by supporting a number of resolutions for logged data. For example, data over the past two weeks is stored at a high resolution, which allows you to precisely pinpoint recent network incidents. In contrast, data is also stored at a low resolution, for up to two years, so you can see emerging trends in usage over time.
Components 387 Figure 193 Historical Report Example: The historical report is an HTML report showing graphs for collected data for the applicable item at each different resolution.
388 CHAPTER 9: PERFORMANCE REPORTING Table 62 Report Resolutions Resolution Time span Daily (5 minute average) 2 days and 2 hours Weekly (30 minute average) 12.5 days Monthly (2 hours average) 50 days Yearly (1 day average) 2 years Unlike other reports the historical report is not automatically saved to disk. You cannot launch historical reports from the Reports dialog box under the Tools > Reports menu. See “Creating Reports” on page 453 for further details.
Components 389 The following table shows all monitors that support historical data logging, and the data that is graphed for each: Table 63 Device Monitors Monitor Sub-graph(s) Comments IP Ping None Bridge Discards None Network Instability None DNS None FTP None HTTP None NFS None SMTP None POP3 None Web cache redirection None For 3Com Switch 4400/4900 performing Web cache redirection.
390 CHAPTER 9: PERFORMANCE REPORTING Monitor Sub-graph(s) Comments Broadcasts (RMON) Broadcast and multicast packets For links for which 3Com Network Director uses RMON etherStats as a data source. Link Discards In and out discard packets Errors (MIBII) In and out error For links for which 3Com Network Director packets uses the MIB-II ifTable as a data source. Errors (RMON) Fragments Jabbers For links for which 3Com Network Director uses RMON etherStats as a data source.
Components 391 Figure 195 Options Dialog Box - Logging Tab Database The data collected by 3Com Network Director is logged using RRDTool. See “RRDTool” on page 395 for more information. This utility stores the data in round robin databases. A round robin database is simply a file on disk, with extension .rrd. A new database is created for each monitored device or link. All databases are located in the 3Com Network Director install directory, in a sub-directory called logging e.g.
392 CHAPTER 9: PERFORMANCE REPORTING These database files are never automatically removed by 3Com Network Director, though the file size is allocated on initial creation and will not increase over time. For more on file sizes and managing the database size, see “Database management” on page 398. Examples Determining the cause of high errors on a link An event has just been logged due to a link having a high number of errors. To determine the cause of high errors on the link: 1 Launch the event browser.
Examples 393 5 Repeat steps 1 – 4 for each of your core links. Using these graphs you can see the trend of link utilization over the past two years. This should help you estimate how utilization will continue to develop in the near future. If you need to perform a more detailed trend analysis for a link, you can click the appropriate hot-link below the Utilization graph to export the data behind the yearly graph in CSV format.
394 CHAPTER 9: PERFORMANCE REPORTING Figure 197 Daily Graph of HTTP Response Time In this example over the course of two days, demand on your Web server is spiky, but most of the time it is within acceptable levels. You feel that at its current levels, performance is acceptable, but any increase in traffic would necessitate an upgrade. To get an indication of whether the demand is likely to increase based on past performance, scroll further down the report to the yearly graph of HTTP response time.
Useful Information and References 395 Useful Information and References RRDTool Mapping file format The data collected by 3Com Network Director is logged using RRDTool. RRDTool is a third-party utility available on the Internet at http://www.rrdtool.com//index.html 3Com Network Director maintains a mapping file to allow you to locate the database for any given device or link. This CSV file contains an entry for every device or link that has been monitored by 3Com Network Director now, or in the past.
396 CHAPTER 9: PERFORMANCE REPORTING If you do not know the MAC address, or the device in question has multiple MAC addresses, you can find the device on the 3Com Network Director map using the Edit > Find dialog box, and launch its Properties dialog box. The MAC address used by 3Com Network Director for historical data logging will be the first MAC address listed in this dialog box. Links are handled differently depending on the end type.
Useful Information and References 397 \bin This utility can be used for various purposes, including converting round robin databases to XML by using the dump command-line option. This has the following syntax: rrdtool dump DatabaseName.rrd > OutputFile.xml For example, to convert the round robin database 0/1/08-00-4e-0b-d2-84.rrd to XML format and store it in the file RouterHistory.
398 CHAPTER 9: PERFORMANCE REPORTING Database management Monitor Data source Utilization UTIL Utilization – Octets OCTETS Utilization - Packets PACKETS Utilization – In Octets IN_OCTETS Utilization – Out Octets OUT_OCTETS Utilization – In Packets IN_PACKETS Utilization – Out Packets OUT_PACKETS Broadcast (Non-unicast Packets) NON_UCAST Broadcast -Broadcast Packets BCAST Broadcast – Multicast Packets MCAST Link Discards DISCARDS Link Discards – In discards IN_DISCARDS Link Discar
Key Considerations Monitored links Monitored devices Disk space 4000 1000 2.47 GB 399 If you wish to cut down the number of files stored on disk, you can remove particular database files that correspond to devices or links for which you no longer need the data. You can do this by opening the mapping file and locating the entries for these devices and links. Each entry lists the file location under \logging, so you can selectively delete these files.
400 CHAPTER 9: PERFORMANCE REPORTING 4 Using your favorite text editor open the System.properties file located within this subdirectory. 5 Add (or if the entry already exists, update) the file to include: options.logging.loggingDir= Where is the new location where you want logging data to be stored. Note that the “:” and “\” characters must be escaped (i.e. preceded) with a “\” character in the System.properties file.
Key Considerations 401 This may occur in a number of situations, some common ones being: ■ A device has no IP address, and so cannot be monitored. ■ A link has no port information at both ends, and so cannot be monitored. Further information on monitoring problems can be found in “Problems Starting Monitoring for a Device or Link” on page 315.
402 CHAPTER 9: PERFORMANCE REPORTING
10 Introduction RMON This chapter describes 3Com Network Director support for the RMON standard.
404 CHAPTER 10: RMON Key Concepts What is RMON The following section describes the key concepts of RMON and the support provided by 3Com Network Director. RMON (Remote Monitoring) is a network management standard that allows a centralized management application to gather information about the network from distributed network devices. The RMON standard breaks this information into various groups, each of which allows a management application to monitor the network in various different ways.
Key Concepts 405 The History group allows you to monitor activity on your network at any chosen time in the past. Host The Host group defines a standard by which a network device can make available information on the activity of each separate "host" seen by the network device on each of its interfaces and VLANs. A host is simply another network device with a unique network address.
406 CHAPTER 10: RMON Matrix The Matrix group defines a standard by which a network device can make available information on conversations between pairs of network devices. Information gathered against each conversation includes: ■ transmitted and received packets ■ transmitted and received bytes ■ errors The information in the Matrix group allows you to monitor the activity between any two devices on the network.
Components Components 3Com support for RMON 407 The following section describes the RMON support components provided by 3Com Network Director. Most 3Com network devices support the most commonly used five groups of RMON. 3Com Network Director allows you to configure and gather information from these groups on any RMON-compliant 3Com device on your network, and presents this information in various flexible and useful ways.
408 CHAPTER 10: RMON Figure 199 RMONView Window The RMONView window is divided into four main areas: ■ The menu bar ■ The toolbar ■ The table view ■ The graph view The Menu bar The following tables list each menu item for the menu bar and the associated operation invoked by selecting it. File menu Table 68 lists each menu item for the File menu and the associated operation invoked by selecting it.
Components Menu Item Hot Key 409 Operation Print Setup Allows you to set printing options Export Allows you export the contents of the currently displayed table to ASCII, CSV, Excel and HTML format files Exit Closes the RMONView window View menu Table 69 lists each menu item for the View menu and the associated operation invoked by selecting it.
410 CHAPTER 10: RMON Menu Item Hot Key Clear flags Operation When you click on data in a graph, a flag is posted showing the exact date and time that the data was gathered; a description of the data; and a value for the data. Selecting this menu item clears any flags from a graph. Pause Graph and Pauses the refreshing of data in the graph view.
Components Menu Item Hot Key 411 Operation Manual Upload Toggles Manual Upload on/off. If Manual Update is enabled, data is not retrieved from the device unless the Update Data menu option on the Update menu, or the Manual Update button on the toolbar is selected. The Auto Upload and Manual Upload options are mutually exclusive. Line Width > Thick Lines Sets the thickness of the lines displayed on the graph to the thick setting.
412 CHAPTER 10: RMON Menu Item Address Translation > User Name Hot Key Operation Sets the address translation level used for all views in RMONView to User Name. 3Com Network Director will attempt to display the user names corresponding to addresses in the host and matrix views. See “Map Item Labels and Address Translation” on page 175 Address Translation > DNS Name Sets the address translation level used for all views in RMONView to DNS Name.
Components Menu Item Hot Key Address Translation > Vendor Name 413 Operation Sets the address translation level used for all views in RMONView to Vendor Name. This is equivalent to selecting View > Labels > MAC Address in the 3Com Network Director main window when the Translate MACs option is enabled in the Tools > Options dialog box.
414 CHAPTER 10: RMON Window menu This menu contains standard Windows options for rearranging windows. lists each menu item for the Windows menu and the associated operation invoked by selecting it.Windows Menu Menu Item Hot Key Operation Cascade Resizes and arranges all of the views currently open, cascading the windows so that the title bar for each window is visible, but only the contents of the currently selected view window can be seen.
Components 415 Figure 200 Toolbar Buttons Some items in the toolbar are not always applicable. When this is the case, the toolbar button is grayed out. Hovering the mouse cursor over a button in the toolbar causes a tooltip for that button to be displayed. The tooltip describes the operation associated with the button. The majority of the operations provided by the toolbar buttons are equivalent to their corresponding menu items. For more information see “The Menu bar” on page 408.
416 CHAPTER 10: RMON Menu Item Hot Key Progress bar Operation The progress bar shows the data retrieval progress for the currently selected view window, or “Pending” if the view is between retrievals. The Table View The table view displays the raw data as it is read directly from the device. The data shown in the table varies depending on the chosen RMON view.
Components 417 ■ Limit Table: retrieves and displays the first n rows from the RMON table corresponding to the view, where n is the number entered in the Max Number of Rows field. ■ Maximum Table Fill: retrieves and displays all of the rows from the RMON table corresponding to the view. Changes made in the Table Control dialog box apply to the currently selected view only and do not affect the data displayed in the graph view.
418 CHAPTER 10: RMON Figure 202 RMON > Statistics Option This will launch “The Statistics View dialog box” described on page 421 for the selected device. All interfaces on the device will be displayed. The first entry in the interface selection list will be selected by default. 3Com Switch 4007 If the selected device is a 3Com Switch 4007 a separate submenu is presented allowing selection of the slot within the chassis for which you want to view statistics data.
Components 419 Figure 203 RMON > Statistics > Slot 5: 36 Port 10/100 L2 Switch Selecting one of these menu options launches “The Statistics View dialog box”, with the interface list populated with the interfaces available on the chosen slot. Viewing RMON statistics data for a selected link The menu presented when the current map selection is a single link lists the interfaces at each end of the link which support the RMON Statistics group.
420 CHAPTER 10: RMON Figure 204 RMON Statistics Data for a Selected Link Selecting one of these menu options launches “The Statistics View dialog box” as shown on page 421, with the interface list populated with the interfaces available on the chosen device. The interface associated with the chosen port will be selected by default.
Components 421 The Statistics View dialog box Figure 205 Statistics View Dialog Box This dialog box presents a list of the interfaces available on the device, allowing you to choose the interface for which you want to view the associated data.
422 CHAPTER 10: RMON map. If you wish to change the selected interface, or customize the data shown in the RMONView window, you can do so using the above dialog box. Update Rate Determines how frequently the selected device will be polled for RMON statistics data. The rate can be specified in multiples of 10 seconds. For example, specifying an update rate of 6 indicates an update rate of every 60 seconds (i.e. 1 minute).
Components 423 Figure 206 RMONView Window If the RMONView window has already been previously launched, the new view will appear within the existing RMONView window. Only one instance of the RMONView window is shown by 3Com Network Director at any time. You can switch between views in the RMONView window by selecting them in RMONView's Window menu.
424 CHAPTER 10: RMON Figure 207 RMON History Data for a Specific Device This will launch the History View dialog box for the selected device. All interfaces on the device will be displayed. The first entry in the interface selection list will be selected by default. See “History View dialog box” on page 427 for further information.
Components 425 Figure 208 Switch 4007 Specific Submenu Selecting one of these menu options launches the History View dialog box with the interface list populated with the interfaces associated with the chosen slot. See “History View dialog box”on page 427. Viewing RMON history data for a selected link The menu presented when the current map selection is a single link lists the interfaces at each end of the link which support the RMON History group.
426 CHAPTER 10: RMON Figure 209 Viewing Single Link Lists Selecting one of these menu options launches the History View dialog box, with the interface list populated with the interfaces available on the chosen device. The interface associated with the chosen port will be selected by default.
Components History View dialog box Figure 210 History View Dialog Box 427
428 CHAPTER 10: RMON This dialog box presents a list of the interfaces available on the device, allowing you to choose the interface which you want to view the associated data for. Whenever it can, 3Com Network Director will pre-select the interface in the list associated with your selection on the 3Com Network Director map. If you wish to change the selected interface, or customize the data shown in the RMONView window, you can do so using the above dialog box.
Components Predefined View Definition Packet Packets dropped, packets received, and broadcast and multicast packets received at the chosen interface 429 History Entries The History Entries list shows the available entries in the history control table for the selected interface. Entries in the history control table define the history data that is available from the device. If there are no history control table entries for the currently selected interface on the device then this list will be empty.
430 CHAPTER 10: RMON Figure 212 History Entry Creation This allows you to define a sample interval (frequency of sampling) and a sample length (the length of time over which statistics are gathered). If resources are available on the device, a new history table will be created on the device, which can then be selected from the History Entries list.
Components 431 Figure 213 RMONView Window with RMON History Data Viewing data from the RMON Host group The Host option is available through the top level RMON menu, or the right-click RMON menu against a single selected device or link on the map. The option is only available if the RMON Host group is supported by a selected device, or by one of the devices at the ends of a selected link.
432 CHAPTER 10: RMON Figure 214 Host Data for a Specific Device This will launch the Host View dialog box for the selected device. All interfaces on the device will be displayed. The first entry in the interface selection list will be selected by default. See “Host View dialog box”on page 436. 3Com Switch 4007 If the selected device is a 3Com Switch 4007 a separate submenu is presented allowing selection of the slot within the chassis which you want to view host data for.
Components 433 Figure 215 Switch 4007 Selection of the Slot within the Chassis Viewing RMON host data for a selected link The menu presented when the current map selection is a single link lists the interfaces at each end of the link which support the RMON Host group. On 3Com devices, the Host group is generally only supported on VLANs, not on individual physical ports. For more information about RMON support on 3Com devices see “Supported Devices” on page 835.
434 CHAPTER 10: RMON Figure 216 Host View Dialog Box with the VLAN Interface Preselected If the port at either end of the link is a member of multiple VLANs, the port itself is listed in the Host submenu.
Components 435 Selecting a port launches the Select VLAN dialog box shown below: Figure 218 Select VLAN Dialog Box This intermediate dialog box lists all VLANs on which the selected port is a member. The dialog box allows you to select which VLAN on the device you want to view RMON Host data for. Clicking OK launches the Host View dialog box, with the interface associated with the selected VLAN preselected.
436 CHAPTER 10: RMON Host View dialog box Figure 219 Host View Dialog Box
Components 437 This dialog box presents a list of the interfaces available on the device, allowing you to choose the interface which you want to view the associated data for. Whenever it can, 3Com Network Director will pre-select the interface in the list associated with your selection on the 3Com Network Director map. If you wish to change the selected interface, or customize the data shown in the RMONView window, you can do so using the above dialog box before clicking OK.
438 CHAPTER 10: RMON Predefined View Definition Packet Packets transmitted to and from each host seen by the device, including broadcast and multicast packets Sort by The selected Sort by option controls the ordering of the display of the contents of the Hosts view. There are three main sort options: ■ Insertion Time: Sorts the hosts shown in the table into the order in which the device has seen them.
Components 439 Figure 220 Error dialog box This indicates that the device has run out of resources to create a new hostTopN table for 3Com Network Director to use. To cancel the operation click Close. To remove existing hostTopN tables from the device, select them in the dialog box, and click Delete. Removing existing tables should free up enough resources for 3Com Network Director to create its own new table.
440 CHAPTER 10: RMON Figure 221 RMONView Window Viewing data from the RMON Matrix group The Matrix option is available through the top level RMON menu, or the right-click RMON menu against a single selected device or link on the map. The option is only available if the RMON Matrix group is supported by a selected device, or by one of the devices at the ends of a selected link.
Components 441 Figure 222 RMON Matrix Data This will launch the Matrix View dialog box as shown in Figure 227 for the selected device. All interfaces on the device will be displayed. The first entry in the interface selection list will be selected by default. 3Com Switch 4007 If the selected device is a 3Com Switch 4007 a separate submenu is presented allowing selection of the slot within the chassis for which you want to view matrix data.
442 CHAPTER 10: RMON Figure 223 Switch 4007 Separate Submenu Selecting one of these menu options launches the Matrix View dialog box, as shown in Figure 227 with the interface list populated with the interfaces associated with the chosen slot. Viewing RMON matrix data for a selected link The menu presented when the current map selection is a single link lists the interfaces at each end of the link which support the RMON Matrix group.
Components 443 Figure 224 Matrix View Dialog Box If the port at either end of the link is a member of multiple VLANs, the port itself is listed in the Host submenu.
444 CHAPTER 10: RMON Figure 225 Host Submenu Selecting a port launches the Select VLAN dialog box shown below: Figure 226 Select VLAN Dialog Box This intermediate dialog box lists all VLANs on which the selected port is a member. The dialog box allows you to select which VLAN on the device you want to view RMON Matrix data for.
Components 445 Clicking OK launches the Matrix View dialog box, with the interface associated with the selected VLAN preselected. Figure 227 Matrix View Dialog Box This dialog box presents a list of the interfaces available on the device, allowing you to choose the interface for which you want to view the associated data. Whenever it can, 3Com Network Director will pre-select the interface in the list associated with your selection on the 3Com Network Director map.
446 CHAPTER 10: RMON Community String The Community field is initialized to the read/write community string specified for the device in the 3Com Network Director Properties dialog box. See “Viewing Device Details” on page 229. Clicking Edit launches the Edit Community dialog box, which allows you to specify an alternative community string to be used to retrieve RMON data from the selected device. View The selected View determines the data that will be displayed when the RMONView window is launched.
Components 447 The Matrix Flow option selected determines the RMON table that is used by 3Com Network Director to retrieve the matrix data. Selecting Destination > Source configures 3Com Network Director to retrieve data from the RMON matrixDSTable; selecting Source > Destination configures 3Com Network Director to retrieve data from the RMON matrixSDTable. Clicking on the OK button launches the RMONView window, showing the RMON matrix data associated with the selected interface on the selected device.
448 CHAPTER 10: RMON Figure 229 Interface Dialog Box If you click on Yes, an attempt is made to create the appropriate table on the interface. If this fails, the following dialog box is shown: Figure 230 Failure Dialog Box The table creation may fail if: ■ an incorrect community string is used ■ there are insufficient resources on the target device to create the table If the table creation is successful RMONView will be launched automatically against the interface.
Components 449 Figure 231 Manage RMON Tables Dialog Box The dialog box lists all interfaces on the target device. Selecting an interface allows you to see which RMON tables exist on that interface. If the checkbox is clear, no RMON table of that type exists on the interface. You can create new tables or delete the existing tables on an interface by selecting, ticking or clearing respectively one or more of the checkboxes and clicking the Apply button.
450 CHAPTER 10: RMON Table creation or deletion may fail if: ■ an incorrect community string is used ■ there are insufficient resources on the target device to create a table You should try to delete RMON tables from a device when you no longer require them. RMON tables take up resources on network devices, and may affect the device's performance.
Examples 451 How do I graph utilization on a specific VLAN? Select a device with ports which are members of target VLAN, and choose to view History against the device. Select the appropriate VLAN interface. These are easily recognized in the interface list by their interface name - the name should include the keyword VLAN. Select an appropriate sampling period from the History entries list, or create a new entry if no suitable entries already exist. Choose the Load view and click OK.
452 CHAPTER 10: RMON Useful Information And References RMON The following section provides useful details to do with RMON. RMON was defined by the user community with the help of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It became a proposed standard in 1992 as RFC 1271 (for Ethernet). RMON then became a draft standard in 1995 as RFC 1757, effectively making RFC 1271 obsolete. RFC 2819 is the latest specification for RMON. It redefines RFC 1757 in SMIv2 format. HC-RMON is defined in RFC 3273.
11 Overview CREATING REPORTS This chapter describes the Reporting feature of 3Com Network Director. You can use the Reporting feature to obtain on-demand reports describing the 3Com devices on your network, listing attributes such as IP addresses, MAC addresses and agent software versions. You can also obtain specific information you may require by creating custom reports. Reports are generated in HTML format to allow viewing within a web browser.
454 CHAPTER 11: CREATING REPORTS Key Concepts Selection-sensitive Feature Reports Types This following section explains the key concepts of the Reporting feature. Many reports may be launched against the current selection in the map, allowing you to generate reports listing only the devices and links you are interested in. Alternatively, you can choose to generate a report based on the whole map. Various features within 3Com Network Director use reports to convey information.
Key Concepts Feature Report Types 455 Covered in: Agent Update, Device History Backup, Restore and Setup “Upgrading Device Software” on page 663 Logging and Reporting on Data “Performance Reporting”on page 385 Monitoring History “Backing Up Device Configurations” on page 777 Other reports are covered in “Components” on page 456 of this chapter.
456 CHAPTER 11: CREATING REPORTS Export to CSV Components You can export any generated report to CSV. This formatted text file can be imported into various applications, for example, Microsoft Excel. You can also use this feature to obtain a list of your network devices and properties to use in your own command line scripts. This section describes the components of the Reporting feature. 3Com Network Director contains a large number of report types.
Components Capacity Report 457 The capacity report allows you to gauge how many available ports you have on your network. It lists the following details for each device: ■ IP address ■ Device type ■ Total ports on the device ■ Ports available (unused) on the device This report provides information on all devices for which 3Com Network Director has port information. To gather this port information, the device needs to support SNMP.
458 CHAPTER 11: CREATING REPORTS This report is identical to the standard capacity report except it is filtered to exclude ports that are not above a certain speed.
Components 459 Figure 233 Reports Dialog Box Generate Report Tab From the Generate Report tab you can select any report type in the list which will update the information presented in the text panel, under the label Information included in this report. This panel displays the following: ■ Name – the name of the report. ■ Description – a brief overview of what will be reported. ■ Content — describes what the report will contain.
460 CHAPTER 11: CREATING REPORTS Click Generate Report to create the report for the report type you have selected in the Report types list. This will produce the report and open it in your default web browser. If you have some items selected, and the report is selection-sensitive, you will be presented with a pop-up asking if you wish to produce a report for all items in the current map file. The default is Yes. If you answer No, the report will be produced based on the current selection.
Components 461 You can also save reports as CSV files and delete reports using this dialog box. The table of reports can be sorted by clicking on the column headers. This is useful when trying to find a particular report to view or to aid deletion of old reports, for example. It lists any reports that have been generated since the current map file has been opened or created. It does not include reports generated against other map files.
462 CHAPTER 11: CREATING REPORTS Custom Report Types Dialog Box The Custom Report Types dialog box enables you to: ■ Create new custom report types ■ Edit existing custom report types ■ Delete custom report types The list shown in Figure 235, displays any custom report types already created. It does not list any of the pre-defined report types.
Components 463 If you edit an existing report type, you are warned that if you change the columns used in the report type then 3Com Network Director will remove any existing reports (i.e. the reports listed in the History tabbed pane of the Reports dialog box) that were generated from that report type. However, if you edit the report type and only change the description (i.e. you do not change the columns), all generated reports for that report type will be preserved.
464 CHAPTER 11: CREATING REPORTS There are two lists as follows: ■ Available columns — lists columns that can be included in the report. Select the column and click Include - > to add the column to the report. ■ Included columns — lists columns included in the report. Included columns will be used to compose a table for the Custom report and will be ordered from left to right as the list is ordered from top to bottom.
Components 465 Column Description Location The location of the device. This only applies to phones managed by an NBX call processor. If there is not a location for the device, that is it is not a phone, then this column will have N/A in it. MAC Address The MAC address or addresses associated with a device. Number of Units The number of units a device consists of, that is, the number of cards in a modular system or the number of units in a stack. Ports Available The number of ports on a device.
466 CHAPTER 11: CREATING REPORTS Table 81 Available Columns for ‘Link Details Column Description Comment (Both ends) The comment associated with the devices at either end of the link. Device Name (Both Ends) Gives the names of the devices at either end of link. Duplex mode The duplex mode of the link. IP Address (Both Ends) Gives the IP addresses of the devices at either end of link. Link Aggregation Whether link aggregation is enabled or disabled for the link.
Components 467 Name and Description Step You can use this step to specify the name and description of your custom report as shown in Figure 237: Figure 237 Add/Edit Report Type Wizard - Name and Description Step The name and description appears in the report when it is generated. They also display in the Reports dialog box in the Information included in this report panel when this custom report type is selected. If you are editing an existing custom report type you cannot change the report name.
468 CHAPTER 11: CREATING REPORTS Figure 238 Add/Edit Report Type Wizard - Summary Step Click Finish, to add the report type to the Custom Report Types dialog box. Click OK to close the Custom Report Types dialog box. You can now use your custom report type in the same way as any of the pre-defined report types. Examples Assessing Network Expansion Capability The following section gives some examples of how the Reporting feature can be used.
Examples 469 3 Select the History tab of the Reports dialog box and select the generated report in the table. 4 Click Save to CSV and choose a location for the CSV file. 5 Open the saved file in Microsoft Excel. 6 Select the IP Address column, by drag-clicking the cell entry with the column title IP Address all the way down to the end of the IP Address data. 7 Holding down Ctrl, do the same with the Total Ports and Ports Available columns. 8 Select Chart from the Insert menu.
470 CHAPTER 11: CREATING REPORTS 5 Click Next and enter Agents on units as the report name and provide a description. 6 Click Next. 7 After reviewing the details on the Summary step, click Finish. 8 Click OK in the Custom Report Types dialog box to confirm the custom report type addition. 9 Select Agents on units in the list of report types and click Generate Report.
Key Considerations 471 When you generate a report, the report history is stored in XML format on disk. The HTML file produced is a temporary file that is removed once 3Com Network Director shuts down. If you wish to view an old report, you can use the Report History feature to view it. If you wish to use the HTML report outside of 3Com Network Director, generate the report and select File > Save As from your web browser to save the report to a location of your choice.
472 CHAPTER 11: CREATING REPORTS
12 Overview CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES This chapter describes the following device administration functions: ■ Web Management — launches your default web browser against a device selected in the network map. ■ Telnet Management — launches your computer’s Telnet application against a device selected in the network map. ■ Administration Menu — contains integrated add-on 3Com device management applications.
474 CHAPTER 12: CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES Key Concepts The following section describes the key concepts for administering devices using 3Com Network Director. Web Management Many 3Com devices provide a web interface that enables you to manage a single device or stack of devices at one time. Your default web browser is used to display the web interface. Access to the interface is protected by username and password authentication.
Key Concepts 475 3Com Device View Using Device View, along with the Device Configuration Tool, you can view and modify the configuration of a single device or multiple devices at the same time. For information on devices supported by Device View, see Appendix A on page 835. 3Com Switch Manager Switch Manager is the element manager of the Switch 7700. 3Com Router Manager Router Manager is the element manger of the 3Com router family.
476 CHAPTER 12: CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES Figure 239 IP Ping Console Dialog Box The dialog box pre-fills the command line text box with the command ‘ping’ followed by the IP address of the device you have selected. The command line is provided so that you can specify additional command line options to the ping command. When you click Start, the ping command is run and its output is displayed in the Output window.
Key Concepts 477 Figure 240 Trace Route Console Dialog Box The dialog box pre-fills the command line text box with the command ‘tracert’ and the IP address of the device you have selected. The command line is provided so that you can specify additional command line options to the trace route command. When you click Start, the trace route command is run and it’s output is displayed in the Output window.
478 CHAPTER 12: CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES Properties Dialog Box The Device Properties dialog box gives you additional details on a a selected device. The details are split in to four tabs as follows: General The General tab provides name and address information for your device as shown in Figure 241. The name of the device and all MAC and IP addresses associated with it are displayed in this tab. You can change the name by editing the Name text field and clicking OK.
Key Concepts 479 Security The Security tab displays community string information as shown in Figure 242: Figure 242 Properties - Security Tab The following two radio buttons are provided: ■ Defaults — select this option to use the community strings 3Com Network Director is using by default on all other devices. If this community string does not work, 3Com Network Director will resort to using the factory defaults for devices of that device type.
480 CHAPTER 12: CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES ■ Specify — select this option to specify the exact community strings to use for the selected device. You might use this option if you imported your devices using ‘read-only’ community strings but you now want to use the additional permissions that read-write access gives you. Unit Information The Unit Information tab lists the various units in a stack.
Key Concepts 481 VLANs The VLANs tab contains detailed VLAN information for the selected device as shown in Figure 244: Figure 244 Properties - VLANs Tab Clicking on the drop-down list will list all VLANs associated with the device. Each time you select a VLAN, the table under the drop-down list changes to show the ports that are members of that VLAN.
482 CHAPTER 12: CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES Figure 245 Properties - VLANs Tab - VLAN Routing If a VLAN is being used to constrain certain protocols the Protocol Details button is available.
Components Registering Devices for Warranty 483 You can register the 3Com devices on your network for any applicable warranty. 3Com Network Director checks for devices on your network that have not yet been registered and sends this information to 3Com. See “What Data is Sent to the 3Com server” on page 490 for more details. Registering devices enables the device warranty for all the supported 3Com equipment and enables 3Com services such as technical assistance, hardware repair and hardware replacement.
484 CHAPTER 12: CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES Figure 248 Options - General Device Warranty Wizard The Device Warranty wizard allows you to enter registration information and to select the devices you want to register for any applicable warranty. To launch the wizard: ■ Click Yes from the Device Warranty dialog box, as shown in Figure 247.
Components 485 Figure 249 Introduction Step Click on the hyperlink to view the 3Com Privacy Statement in your default web browser. By clicking Next, you consent to the collection, processing and use of the data submitted in the Device Warranty Wizard, in accordance with the 3Com Privacy Statement. Contact Details Step The Contact Details step allows you to enter your contact information as shown in Figure 250.
486 CHAPTER 12: CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES Figure 250 Contact Details Step All fields are compulsory (marked with a ‘*’), except the second line of the Address and the Phone Extension number 3Com Network Director retains these details for the next time you run the Device Warranty Wizard. This way, you only have to enter your contact details once.
Components 487 Figure 251 Partner/Reseller Details Step The Partner/Reseller Details step displays the following fields: ■ I have no preferred 3Com Partner/Reseller — select this option if you do not order 3Com equipment from an approved 3Com Partner/Reseller. ■ My preferred 3Com Partner/Reseller is — select this option if you order 3Com equipment from an approved 3Com Partner/Reseller.
488 CHAPTER 12: CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES Device Selection Step The Device Selection step lists the 3Com devices on your network that have not yet been registered as shown in Figure 252. Figure 252 Device Selection Step Each row in the list corresponds to a 3Com product. If the device in the map is a stack, the list will contain one row per unit. If the network node in the map is a chassis device, the list will contain one row for each chassis blade.
Components 489 If you de-select some devices and complete the wizard, the next time you run the Device Warranty wizard, these devices will be listed and de-selected by default. Summary Step At the Summary step you can review the contact details you specified in the previous steps of the wizard as shown in Figure 253. Figure 253 Summary Step The Summary step provides a summary of the warranty registration information prior to sending it to 3Com.
490 CHAPTER 12: CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES Connection to the 3Com Server While 3Com Network Director is connecting to the 3Com server, a message, as shown in Figure 254, is displayed: Figure 254 Connecting to the 3Com Server Click Cancel if you wish to interrupt the connection and abort the registration of your 3Com devices. Once 3Com Network Director is connected to the 3Com server, the data will be transmitted and the message will update.
Components ■ 491 The details of the device you want to register (product number, serial number, MAC address). For security reasons, 3Com Network Director does not send the IP address of your devices. This information is then processed so that the devices are registered for their applicable warranty. Reports The following reports are produced when administering devices.
492 CHAPTER 12: CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES 4 In the first step of the wizard, include the Registered column in the report, as well as columns that help you identify the device (for instance, Device Name, Product Number, Serial Number). Click Next. 5 In the second step of the wizard, give the report a name and (optionally) a description. Click Next to show the Summary dialog box and click Finish. 6 Click OK to close the Custom Report Types dialog box.
Examples Examples Renaming a Switch 4007 using Telnet 493 The following section provides some examples of how to administer the devices on your network. You have a Switch 4007 on your network and you wish to rename it using the Telnet Management Interface. To do this: 1 Find the Switch 4007 device in the 3Com Network Director network map. This can be done using Edit > Find if needed. 2 Select the device and right-click on it to launch the right-click menu. 3 Select the Telnet Management menu item.
494 CHAPTER 12: CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES Viewing Connected Ports using Device View You have a Switch 3300 on your network and you wish to view connected ports on it using Device View: 1 Find the appropriate Switch 3300 device in the 3Com Network Director network map. This can be done using the Find dialog box if needed. 2 Select the device and right-click on it to launch the menu. 3 Select Device > Administration > Device View.
Examples 495 5 In the Introduction step, make sure you have read the 3Com Privacy Statement and click Next. 6 In the Contact Details step ensure: ■ If this is the first time you have used the wizard, that you enter your contact details and click Next. Alternatively, ■ If you have previously completed the wizard, you review the contact details as they will be pre-set and click Next.
496 CHAPTER 12: CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES Key Considerations Troubleshooting The following section provides assistance when administering devices. Some advice on errors are outlined as follows: The Device Warranty dialog box is not displayed after a Network Discovery One possible explanations for this is that the Device Warranty dialog box is disabled. To check this: 1 Launch the Options dialog box by selecting the Tools > Options menu. 2 Select the General tab.
Key Considerations 497 If you do register these devices again, this will not affect the original registration. Frequently Asked Questions Below are some frequently asked questions about the device warranty confirmation email. Why are some registered devices missing from the email? If the device selection includes devices that have already been registered (for instance, if you registered them on the 3Com website), these devices will not be listed in the confirmation email.
498 CHAPTER 12: CONFIGURING SINGLE DEVICES
13 Overview VLAN MANAGEMENT This chapter describes the support for VLANs in 3Com Network Director. 3Com Network Director allows you to: Viewing the VLANs configured on your network Configuring VLANs on your network ■ View the VLANs configured on your network ■ Configure the VLANs on your network ■ The Tools > Show VLANs menu option is used to highlight all the members of a VLAN on your network map. ■ The Find dialog box is used to find and list all the members of a particular VLAN.
500 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Key Concepts General VLAN concepts This section describes some 3Com Network Director key concepts relating to VLANs. First some general information about network organization using VLANs. About VLANs A VLAN is a logical group of devices that can be located anywhere in a network, but which communicate as if they are on the same physical segment.
Key Concepts 501 Figure 259 A Network Setup Showing Three VLANs Benefits of VLANs The main benefit of VLANs is that they provide a network segmentation system that is far more flexible than any traditional network. Using VLANs also provides you with other benefits: ■ VLANs ease the movement of devices on networks. With traditional networks, network administrators spend much of their time dealing with moves and changes.
502 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT networks grow and the amount and types of traffic increase, bridge flooding may create unnecessary traffic problems that can clog the LAN. VLANs increase the efficiency of your network because each VLAN can be set up to contain only those devices that need to communicate with each other.
Key Concepts 503 Tagged and untagged VLAN membership Switches typically allow ports to be either untagged or tagged members of a VLAN. If a port is an untagged member of a VLAN, packets transmitted on the port contain no VLAN information. If a port is a tagged member of a VLAN, packets transmitted on the port contain the VLAN ID as specified in the 802.1Q standard. Tagged and untagged ports can coexist in the same VLAN group.
504 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Figure 260 Example of VLANs Distributed Amongst More Than One Switch The Default VLAN A new or initialized switch contains a single VLAN, the default VLAN. This VLAN has the following definition: ■ VLAN Name — typically Default VLAN or just Default ■ 802.1Q VLAN ID — 1 (if tagging required) All ports on the switch are initially placed in this VLAN, untagged.
Key Concepts 505 VLAN, two VLAN-based IP interfaces are created on a Layer 3 switch: 192.168.50.1/255.255.255.0 for VLAN ID 2 and 192.168.51.1/255.255.255.0 for VLAN ID 3. Figure 261 below shows another example. The Switches are connected by 802.1Q tagged links. Using the 802.1Q tagged links, the Layer 3 switch, Switch D, can tell Switches A, B and C which VLAN the packets are destined for. All switches at the end of the links receive traffic for all VLANs.
506 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Figure 261 Switches Connected by 802.1Q Tagged Links Primary and Secondary IP interfaces Some 3Com Layer 3 switches allow multiple IP interfaces to be created for one VLAN. To support this, these Layer 3 switches have the concept of primary and secondary IP interfaces. Primary and secondary IP interfaces determine how the switch processes broadcast and multicast traffic that arrives on a VLAN with multiple IP interfaces.
Key Concepts 507 not have a source IP address (initial DHCP requests) or may come from a different subnet (multicast). In these cases, since it can't be determined from the packet content what interface to use, the switch chooses the primary interface defined on the VLAN, 158.101.68.254/255.255.255.0. Protocol-based VLANs Some older 3Com switches, namely Switch 4007 and CoreBuilder 3500, support protocol-based VLANs.
508 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Figure 262 VLANs Connected Using an 802.1Q Tagged Link Between Switches To avoid any VLAN subdivision, it is recommended that all inter-switch connections are made members of all available VLANs to ensure connectivity at all times. For example, the connections between Switches A and B, and between Switches A and C should be 802.1Q tagged and carrying VLANs 1 and 2 to ensure connectivity.
Key Concepts 509 For further information see “Discovering the Network” on page 91. VLAN membership inference First, some definitions: A VLAN-unaware item is: ■ a device that doesn’t support VLANs ■ a device that supports VLANs but has no VLANs configured ■ a device that supports VLANs, with exactly one VLAN configured and all ports using untagged traffic for that VLAN i.e. factory-default switches with all ports on the default VLAN.
510 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT The port on the Switch 3300 connected to the PS Hub has one VLAN, VLAN A, configured on it. Only the Switch 3300 has any awareness of VLANs. The PS Hub and end stations are VLAN unaware devices. 3Com Network Director will infer that the PS Hub and the end-stations are members of VLAN A. If the user launched the Properties dialog box on one of the end-stations, it would be shown as being a member of VLAN A. See “Properties dialog box” on page 524.
Key Concepts 511 Figure 264 VLAN Matching by 3Com Network Director 3Com Network Director would not consider these as two different VLANs and would instead work out that the VLANs are equivalent. 3Com Network Director will only consider a VLAN configured on one switch to be the same as a VLAN on another switch if they have the same VLAN ID, and are connected by a link that has the VLAN configured on the ports at each end.
512 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT 3Com Network Director explicitly does not use any IP subnet information associated with a VLAN to infer VLAN (non)equivalence or use VLAN names to override (non)equivalent IDs.Consider the following network: Figure 265 Network Example Because the links are tagged, 3Com Network Director will be able to deduce that the VLANs with ID 2 on each of the three switches are the same. Similarly with VLAN ID 3. However, the user has not used consistent names when creating the VLANs.
Key Concepts 513 If the above network was additionally configured like this: Figure 266 Example Configuration 3Com Network Director would not infer that the VLANs with IDs 4, 5 and 6 are the same. In this case, 3Com Network Director will list these VLANs separately: eng VLAN (ID=2) admin VLAN (ID=3) Accounts (ID=4) Accounts (ID=5) Accounts (ID=6) Although this network configuration would work, it is good practice to use VLAN IDs consistently.
514 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT (Virtual LAN Trunking). 3Com Network Director does not support VLANs based on VLT – only 802.1Q VLANs are supported. ■ Components 3Com Network Director does not support VLANs on non-3Com switches. VLANs that have been created on non-3Com switches cannot be viewed in 3Com Network Director and VLANs cannot be created or modified on non-3Com switches from 3Com Network Director.
Components 515 Figure 267 Show VLANs Toolbar Selecting one of the VLANs from the list results in the members of that VLAN being highlighted on the map. For example: Figure 268 Show VLANs All devices and links that are not members of the VLAN are grayed-out.
516 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT ■ only those devices and links on which the VLAN is explicitly configured are highlighted e.g. in the figure above, only the switch and the two links would be highlighted. ■ any devices which 3Com Network Director has inferred are members of the VLAN are also highlighted e.g. in the figure above, 3Com Network Director has inferred that the highlighted end-station is also a member of the VLAN. See “Options Dialog Box” on page 521.
Components ■ 517 This reflects what the you would expect - if you ask for a Trace Path view and a VLAN at the same time then you will only see devices that are both in the traced path and part of the VLAN. However, note that with both views active, Trace Path will not show the path or paths between devices based on the currently viewed VLAN. Trace Path only shows the path or paths based on the physical connectivity of the network, and not based at all on VLAN or L3 information.
518 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT where: Table 82 Show VLANs Toolbar VLAN Descriptions Identifier Description name name specified by user when creating the VLAN on the switches xxxx VLAN ID specified by user when creating the VLAN on the switches The name component is restricted to 20 characters. When creating a VLAN, all current 3Com switches allow up to 32 characters for the VLAN name.
Components 519 Figure 269 Naming the VLAN When choosing which name to use, 3Com Network Director gives preference to Layer 3 switches and switches with the most VLANs configured. This is likely to result in 3Com Network Director choosing the name configured on the most core switch in the VLAN. If a VLAN has not been configured with the same name on all switches, there will be an entry in the Misconfigurations and Optimizations report warning the user of this fact.
520 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT i.e. the name part will be omitted. This can occur if there are multiple discrete (unconnected) VLANs using the same VLAN ID but configured with different VLAN names.
Components 521 Figure 271 Listing VLAN Members As with the Show VLANs toolbar, the items that are listed as being members of a VLAN can be controlled using the VLANs tab in the Options dialog box. See “VLAN membership” on page 523. The Options dialog box can be used to control whether: ■ only those items on which the VLAN is explicitly configured are listed, e.g. in the figure above, only the Switch 4007 would be listed, not the end-station, a Generic IP device.
522 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Figure 272 Options Dialog Box - VLANs Tab
Components 523 VLAN IDs This check box controls how VLANs are listed in the Show VLANs toolbar and in the Find dialog box. When this check box is unchecked, 3Com Network Director will list all discrete VLANs on the network map, even if they use the same VLAN ID. For example, consider a network map containing 10 unconnected remote offices, each using VLANs with IDs 1 to 5.
524 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Properties dialog box The VLANs tab on the Properties dialog box can be used to view the VLAN information for a particular device or link. The format of the VLANs tab depends on the type of item selected when the Properties dialog box is launched. There is a different format for each of the following: ■ VLAN-aware switches. See “VLAN membership inference” on page 509. ■ Switches with only one VLAN configured, i.e.
Components 525 Figure 273 Properties Dialog Box - VLANs Tab The combo box at the top of this dialog box lists all of the VLANs configured on this switch. The Ports in VLAN table is context sensitive; its contents change to reflect the selected VLAN, in the case above, vlan2. The VLAN may have no member ports. In this case the Ports in VLAN: text field changes to say Ports in VLAN: None and table below is disabled.
526 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Column Description Connected to If there is a link connecting the port to something else, the name of the device/cloud/submap at the far end of the link is displayed in this column. If the port is not connected, the field is left blank. Tagged This column displays Yes if the port transmits packets tagged with the 802.1Q VLAN ID on this VLAN. The column displays No if the port transmits packets untagged on this VLAN.
Components 527 Figure 275 Protocol Column VLAN Routing button The VLAN Routing button will be enabled if 3Com Network Director has been able to determine which, if any, devices are performing IP routing for the selected VLAN.
528 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Figure 276 VLAN Routing Dialog Box The Router name field lists all of the routers that 3Com Network Director has determined are performing IP routing for the currently selected VLAN. The table below this field is context-sensitive: when the selected router changes, the table displays all of the IP interfaces defined on the router for the current VLAN. In some situations the VLAN Routing button will be disabled for a VLAN: ■ If the VLAN is a non-IP protocol-based VLAN.
Components 529 VLANs tab for switches with only one factory-default VLAN configured If a switch has only one configured VLAN and all ports are untagged members of this VLAN, then this is considered to be a factory-default switch and a VLAN-unaware device i.e. the user has not explicitly configured any VLANs on this switch.
530 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT The VLAN Routing button is also context-sensitive to the inferred VLANs combo box selection. It performs the same function as the VLAN Routing button described above so it is enabled if 3Com Network Director has been able to determine which devices are performing IP routing for the selected VLAN. VLANs tab for VLAN-unaware devices This applies to devices such as end-stations, hubs, phones, 3rd party devices, etc.
Components 531 VLANs tab for devices for which there is no VLAN information available If 3Com Network Director has been unable to read any VLAN information from a device and has been unable to infer any VLAN information about a device, then the following message is displayed in the VLANs tab on the Properties dialog box: Figure 279 VLANs Tab This may occur if: ■ The device is a traditional router and does not use VLANs.
532 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT VLANs tab for a link The VLANs tab for a link gives information on the VLAN configuration at one or both ends of the link – see below. For each end of the link, there is a table that lists the VLANs explicitly configured on the port(s) at that end of the link. The table does not list any inferred VLAN membership. The table also shows whether the port is tagged for each of the listed VLANs.
Components 533 VLAN configuration report An HTML report can be generated that will list details of the VLANs configured on the switches on your network map. The report can either be generated for all of the switches on your map, or for selected switches only. To generate the report for selected switches only: 1 Select the switches on the map 2 Select the Tools > Reports menu option, 3 Select the VLAN Configuration report in the Reports dialog box 4 Click the Generate Report button.
534 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Figure 282 VLAN Configuration Report Entry If a switch has only one configured VLAN and all of its ports are untagged members of this VLAN, then this switch is considered to be VLAN-unaware. It is considered to still have the factory-default VLAN configuration i.e. the VLAN configuration has not been changed. The switch is not considered to be actively using VLANs and is not displayed in the VLAN Configuration report.
Components 535 Inconsistent VLAN configuration on link 3Com Network Director identifies the situation where a port at one end of a link has a different VLAN membership to the port at the other end of the link. For example, 3Com Network Director will report a misconfiguration if the port at one end of a link is a tagged member of VLANs with IDs 1, 2 and 3 but the port at the other end is only a tagged member of VLANs with IDs 1 and 2.
536 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Figure 284 Inconsistent VLAN Naming Example (2) While the untagged VLANs with IDs 4, 5 and 6 will behave as the same VLAN, 3Com Network Director will not infer that this is the case. Instead, 3Com Network Director will report a misconfiguration and treat these as three different VLANs. They will also be listed separately in the Show VLANs toolbar and Find dialog box.
Components 537 Trace Path The Trace Path functionality in 3Com Network Director only shows the physical path(s) between two devices on the network. It does not take into account the presence of VLANs. This means that if the two selected devices are on different VLANs, the path shown may be different from the actual path taken by packets going from one device to the other. Packets sent from a device on one VLAN will have to take a path through a router to reach the device on the other VLAN.
538 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Ports with no link connected cannot be selected on the network map. If the new VLAN that you wish to create includes ports that are unconnected, these ports can be selected from within the Create VLAN wizard after it has been launched. See “Modifying the list of selected switches and ports” on page 539. Entering the new VLAN name and ID The first step in the Create VLAN wizard is to enter the name and 802.1Q VLAN ID of the new VLAN to be created.
Components 539 Modifying the list of selected switches and ports The next stage of the wizard lists the switches and switch ports on which the VLAN is to be created and allows you to modify this list. For example, because it is not possible to select unconnected ports on the network map, these can be added at this point in the wizard.
540 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT these end-stations and list this in the Edit ports wizard stage, namely the port on the Switch 1100 connected to the hub. Figure 288 The Nearest Switch Port to the Non-Switch The Tagged table column in this wizard stage indicates whether a switch port is to be a tagged or an untagged member of the new VLAN. See “Tagged and untagged VLAN membership” on page 503.
Components 541 Figure 289 Selection Editor Dialog Box This dialog box allows you to add and remove switches and switch ports. The tree in this dialog box will be initially populated with all of the switches and switch ports listed in the wizard stage. The tree lists all of the available ports on these switches but indicates which ports have not been selected to be members of the VLAN by greying them out. Ports that are selected to be members of the VLAN are shown with a tick icon.
542 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Ports by Type dialog box and selecting the Unconnected ports and Untagged radio buttons. You can select all items in the tree by pressing Ctrl-A. Using this in conjunction with the Add Ports by Type dialog box allows you to quickly select large numbers of ports across your network for inclusion in the VLAN. Figure 290 Add Ports by Type dialog box Additional switches can be added to the tree using the Add Device button.
Components 543 find that you have to configure the VLAN on the same set of inter-switch links, you could save the switches and ports involved as a template and open this template whenever a new VLAN needs to be created. When you click the OK button in the Selection Editor dialog box, 3Com Network Director will perform some checks on the selected switch ports.
544 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Figure 291 VLAN with Gaps As well as checking for gaps such as this, 3Com Network Director also assumes that for a VLAN to be complete it should be possible for devices on this VLAN to communicate with devices on other VLANs and vice-versa. This means that the switches on which the VLAN is to be created should include at least one Layer 3 switch that is capable of performing VLAN-based IP routing. See“Communication between VLANs” on page 504.
Components 545 Figure 292 Finding a Layer 3 Switch for a VLAN If 3Com Network Director detects that there are additional ports required to fill in any gaps or that there are additional ports required to connect the current selection to a Layer 3 switch, these ports will be presented in the next wizard stage: Figure 293 Specifying Additional Ports to Include in a VLAN It is very important that you check this list of additional ports.
546 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT needed to complete the VLAN may not be correct. In these cases, use the Remove button in this wizard stage to remove the erroneous ports. Another reason why you might want to reject the additional ports recommended by 3Com Network Director is if you do not require any IP routing for your VLAN. In this situation you should use the Remove button to remove the ports 3Com Network Director has determined are required to connect the VLAN to the nearest Layer 3 switch.
Components 547 Figure 294 Manually Configuring a VLAN on Unsupported Devices The Switches: list contains all the switches on which the new VLAN will have to be manually created. The table below lists those ports that will need to be manually added to the new VLAN on the switch currently selected in the list and indicates whether the ports should be tagged or untagged based on the rules explained in “Modifying the list of selected switches and ports” on page 553.
548 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Figure 295 Specify an IP Routing Interface To add a new IP routing interface, select the Yes radio button in the wizard stage above and then click the Add IP Interface button.
Components 549 The drop down-menu at the top of this dialog box lists all the Layer 3 switches on which the new VLAN is to be created. See “Reference C” on page 576 for a list of devices which support VLAN-based IP routing interfaces. If the previously selected switches do not include a Layer 3 switch, this dialog box will not be displayed and instead an error message will be shown.
550 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Figure 297 Specifying an IP Routing Interface You may create additional IP interfaces on other Layer 3 switches by launching the Add IP Routing Interfaces dialog box again. If one of the new IP routing interfaces that you have added to the table above is incorrect, you can use the Remove IP Interface button to remove it. Summary of changes to be made The final wizard stage displays a summary of the devices that are to be configured to create the new VLAN.
Components 551 Figure 298 Device Summary Stage Creating the new VLAN on the selected switches and ports To proceed with the changes displayed in the summary stage above, click the Finish button. You will then be presented with a dialog box that shows the progress as the new VLAN is created on each of the switches.
552 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Before attempting to create the new VLAN on the switches, 3Com Network Director checks the current configuration of each switch to make sure it matches the data held in the map (e.g. has the VLAN configuration of the switch changed, have the number of units in a stackable switch changed). For the Create VLAN wizard to work correctly, your network map has to be up to date.
Components 553 Modifying the list of selected switches and ports The first stage of the wizard lists the switches and switch ports on which the VLANs are to be edited and allows you to modify this list. For example, because it is not possible to select unconnected ports on the network map, these can be added at this point in the wizard.
554 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Modifying the VLANs on the selected switch ports The next wizard stage displays all the VLANs that the selected switch ports are currently members of, and allows you to modify the VLAN membership. Figure 300 Modifying VLAN Membership Untagged VLAN When this wizard stage first appears, the drop-down menu at the top will be pre-selected with the VLAN on which the selected ports are currently transmitting untagged packets.
Components 555 To modify the VLAN on which the selected ports will transmit untagged packets, select another VLAN from the drop-down menu. The drop-down menu contains all VLANs currently being used on your network. If you choose to modify the untagged VLAN for the selected ports, when you click the Next button 3Com Network Director will warn you that you may lose contact with the devices connected to these ports on the current untagged VLAN.
556 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Figure 302 Tri-state Check Boxes In the example above, only some of the selected ports are transmitting tagged packets on VLAN engineering ID = 3, whereas all ports are transmitting tagged packets on VLAN accounts ID = 2. To modify the VLANs on which the selected ports will transmit tagged packets, use the check boxes beside each VLAN to select/de-select that VLAN. You can choose from all the VLANs currently being used on your network.
Components 557 Figure 303 Warning Dialog This is just a warning – you may still proceed with your selections. How the changes will be applied When you click the wizard’s Finish button, the changes that you made in this wizard stage will be applied to the selected switch ports as follows: ■ If the untagged combo box selection is left unchanged, the VLAN on which the selected ports are transmitting untagged packets will not be modified.
558 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT members of at least one VLAN. If this is not the case an error message will be displayed and you will be prevented from proceeding to the next wizard panel. ■ If the tagged check box for a particular VLAN is left unchanged, the tagged membership of the selected ports will not be changed with respect to that VLAN.
Components 559 wizard stage works in a similar manner to the corresponding stage in the Create VLAN wizard – see “Configuring unsupported devices” on page 546 for details. Summary of changes to be made The final wizard stage displays a summary of the VLAN changes that are to be made. It lists: ■ The ports that will be automatically configured. ■ Any changes to the untagged VLAN membership of the ports: ■ ■ ■ Any untagged additions to a VLAN. ■ Any untagged removals from a VLAN.
560 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Applying the changes To proceed with the changes displayed in the summary stage above, click the Finish button. You will then be presented with a dialog box that shows the progress as the VLANs are edited on each of the switches. After 3Com Network Director has successfully completed the modification of the VLANs on all the switches, you will be presented with a dialog box from which you can launch an Edit VLAN Summary report detailing the changes that were made.
Components 561 these events allows you to launch the Edit VLAN Summary report for that particular operation. For more information on the Events list see “The Event Log” on page 319. Device History Report To view all of the VLAN creates and edits that have been performed by 3Com Network Director on your switches using the Create VLAN and Edit Port VLAN Membership wizards, you can launch the Device History report. To do this: Examples ■ Launch the Reports dialog box by selecting Tools > Reports.
562 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT An alternative approach is to highlight the VLAN in the map. This will provide you with a graphical picture of the switches on which the VLAN is configured. To do this: 1 Launch the Options dialog box from the Tools > Options menu option and select the VLANs tab. 2 Select the Include only configured devices radio button if it is not already selected. This ensures that only switches on which the VLAN is configured will be highlighted in the map.
Components Figure 305 Selecting the Link to the End Station on the Map 563
564 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT If the port is not currently connected to anything, you would first select the switch on the map and then launch the Edit Port VLAN Membership wizard. Then in the first stage of the wizard you would click the Change Selection button and then select the port from the launched Selection Editor dialog box.
Components 565 After: Figure 307 Network After If the inter-switch links between this switch and the nearest Layer 3 switch do not have VLAN accounts configured, the next wizard stage will show the additional ports that need to be configured to achieve this. Extending your VLANs to include new inter-switch links This section describes the situation where you wish to extend your existing VLANs to include one or more new inter-switch links.
566 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Figure 308 Selecting the Link The first wizard stage would display the two switches that are to be configured, and selecting either switch would list the port on that switch that is to be configured. You would click Next at this wizard stage as no additional ports need to be added. The next wizard stage would initially display the VLANs currently configured on the two switch ports. This would likely be just the default VLAN, ID 1.
Components 567 Figure 309 The Second Wizard Stage Clicking Next would take you to the Summary stage box listing all of the changes that are about to be applied: Figure 310 The Summary Wizard Stage Clicking Finish would then apply the VLAN membership changes to the two switch ports.
568 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Creating a new Voice VLAN for 3Com NBX systems You have added an NBX system to your network and wish to separate the voice traffic from other traffic by placing it on its own VLAN. The following changes will cause a temporary outage of your NBX system while the network is reconfigured. 1 Ensure that the NBX call processor and phones have been discovered in 3Com Network Director and are present in the current map.
Useful Information and References 569 14 In the Add IP Interface dialog box, select the router or layer-3 switch that you wish to use to route to the VLAN and enter a suitable IP address and subnet mask for its interface on the new VLAN. Add the interface by clicking OK. 15 Click Next to move onto the Summary step of the wizard and click Finish to apply the changes to your network. The NBX system can be configured so that the phones and NBX call processors use VLAN tags directly.
570 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Key Considerations Guidelines for creating/editing a VLAN Troubleshooting The following section describes some of the key considerations for 3Com Network Director VLAN support. Before using the Create VLAN wizard or the Edit Port VLAN Membership wizard you should ensure that your network map is up to date. The correct operation of these wizards depends upon the network map being accurate.
Key Considerations 571 Figure 311 Network Topology Example (1) There are two subnets with two corresponding VLANs being used here: subnet 140.204.232.0 and 192.168.152.0. The Switch 4007 is a Layer 3 switch, routing between the two subnets. If subnet 140.204.232.0 was discovered first and then the 192.168.152.
572 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Figure 312 Network Topology Example (2) Note that the links from the layer 2 switches to the 4007 layer 3 switch have been lost and each end-station is shown connected to both a layer 2 switch and the 4007. This is a known limitation of 3Com Network Director. The work around is to discover all subnets within the one discovery operation.
Key Considerations 573 appear on one port on one VLAN and on another port on another VLAN, on the same switch e.g.: Figure 313 Coexistent MAC Address This causes 3Com Network Director problems when it tries to construct its map of the network. The algorithm that 3Com Network Director uses to construct the map assumes that the network can be represented by a tree of devices with no loops in the network. However, Figure 313 contravenes this assumption.
574 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Reference A The table below shows which 3Com devices have support for VLAN display and configuration in 3Com Network Director.
Key Considerations Device Type VLAN Display VLAN Configuration Router 5000 Family no no Router 3000 Family no no AP 8x00 no no Webcache 1000/3000 no no NBX system no no NJ200 no no PS Hub 40/50 no no DS Hub 500 no no OC hub 8/TPM no no OC switch 140M no no RAS 1500 no no 575 Reference B The table below shows the maximum number of VLANs for each 3Com device: Table 86 Maximum number of VLANs by 3Com device Device Type Maximum Number of VLANs 3Com SuperStack II Switch 61
576 CHAPTER 13: VLAN MANAGEMENT Device Type Maximum Number of VLANs 3Com CoreBuilder 9000 and modules 127 3Com Switch 7700/3Com Switch 7700R 4094 3Com CoreBuilder Switch 3500 and modules 64 3Com SuperStack II Switch 3900/9300 family 127 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 3200 family 254 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 3800 family 254 Reference C The table below shows those 3Com devices that can be used in the Create VLAN wizard to create VLAN-based IP routing interfaces.
14 Overview BULK CONFIGURATION This chapter describes how the Bulk Configuration feature in 3Com Network Director can be used to configure a range of settings on one or more of the 3Com devices in a network in a single operation.
578 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Key Concepts Configuration Templates The Bulk Configuration feature is designed to help make common changes to the software configuration of multiple devices in a single operation. The settings that you wish to administer can be defined by creating a configuration template to be applied to the devices during a configuration operation.
Components Device and Port Selections 579 As outlined above, you can specify the devices or ports to which a given configuration template is to be applied, by creating a device or port selection.
580 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Configuration Editor Dialog Box The Configuration Editor dialog box allows the user to create, edit, and save configuration templates, containing the settings that are to be applied to a device or port selection. Using the Configuration Editor dialog box it is possible to: ■ Create or modify an existing configuration template. ■ Launch the selection editor see “Selection Editor Dialog Box” on page 584 to view and modify the devices or ports to configure.
Components 581 The Configuration Editor dialog box is used to edit all types of configuration template. Each type of configuration template contains a distinct set of features that is appropriate to the type of item that the template can be applied to. The title of the Configuration Editor dialog box indicates the type of configuration template that is currently being edited, which in turn, is dependent upon the menu item used to launch the dialog box.
582 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION The configuration summary tree provides an overview of the features available in the configuration template being edited. There is one entry in the tree for each feature panel in the configuration template. Navigate to any of the feature panels in the configuration template by selecting the associated entry, by feature name, in the configuration summary tree.
Components 583 Figure 315 Configuration Editor Dialog box The feature configuration panels typically display disabled attributes with the caption no change in the associated value field. When a feature attribute is enabled the associated value field changes to display the current value for the attribute, this will be the default value for the attribute unless it has previously been set to something else. It is possible to specify an invalid configuration for some features.
584 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Loading and Saving Configuration Templates The configuration template currently displayed in the Configuration Editor dialog box can be saved by choosing the Save As… button beneath the configuration summary tree. Use the file chooser dialog box to find the location in which the configuration template is to be stored and then enter a name for the new file.
Components 585 Figure 316, above, shows an example of a port selection being edited. The Add Port, Remove Port and Add by type buttons are not visible when the dialog box is used to edit a device-only selection, as used with device-based configuration templates.
586 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Devices will be shown in the tree, using the label that is currently being used on the map. The devices shown can be expanded to show the individual units that they contain. Devices can be removed from the selection by highlighting the desired devices in the tree and then clicking the Remove Device button. Whenever this is done the tree will be updated to remove the chosen devices indicating that they are no longer selected.
Components 587 The bulk configuration operation will not attempt to configure any ports that are not marked as selected by a green tick. For convenience, ports can also be added to the selection according to their type, e.g. all connected ports, using the Add Ports by Type dialog box. Figure 317 Add Port by Type Dialog Box To add ports to the selection according to their type, first highlight the devices in the tree that contain the ports to be added.
588 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION 3Com Network Director uses the information in the current map to determine the type of ports. Consequently, if the network has changed since it was last discovered, the ports selected using the Add Ports by Type dialog box may not be completely accurate. For port selections only, a summary of the ports selected on any given device will be displayed to the right of the device’s label.
Components Applying a Configuration Template to a Device or Port Selection 589 When you are ready to apply the configuration template, select the OK button on the Configuration Editor dialog box. The Configuration Editor dialog box validates each of the feature configuration panels and ensures that the current selection includes at least one supported device or port before allowing you to continue.
590 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Figure 319 Configuration Progress Dialog Box The Configuration Progress dialog box shows the progress of the overall operation in the upper progress bar, and the progress of the operation in configuring the current device in the lower progress bar.
Components 591 Status information for each device is shown in the table below the progress bars. The information shown depends on the stage of the configuration operation for each device, as summarized in the following table: Table 90 Device Status Information Device Status Configuration Stage Pending The configuration operation has not yet been started on this device.
592 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION The Configuration Summary report consists of two sections; the device summary section and the feature summary section. The device summary section lists every device, and port if appropriate, that was involved in the configuration operation and indicates whether any problems were encountered.
Components 593 Account Parameter Access Level The level of permission that the user has when managing the device. Levels are: security, manager and monitor. Note: security has the highest level of management permission and monitor the lowest. Community String The SNMP community string associated with the user. Maximum length 30 characters, and must be unique within the user accounts table. Password The login password for the account. Maximum length 10 characters.
594 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Not all devices support the creation of as many user accounts as the configuration template allows to be entered. The bulk configuration operation adds users to the devices in the order they are shown in the table. In the event that not all users accounts can be created on the device a warning will be given in the summary report associated with the operation.
Components 595 Add User Account Dialog Box Figure 321 Add User Account Dialog Box The Add User Account dialog box allows the creation of a new user account. A username, community string and access level must be provided for the new account. Optionally a login password and a set of SSH client public keys can be provided. To associate an SSH client public key with the user account you must import the SSH key from a key file by choosing Add and selecting the key file from the file chooser dialog box.
596 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION When modifying the account parameters for a default user account the associated checkbox must be checked or the change will not be applied. Configuring Access Rights The Access Rights feature allows control of the interfaces and protocols through which users at each access level can manage the network devices.
Components 597 Figure 323 Trusted IP Hosts Panel The Trusted IP Mode will only be applied as part of the configuration template if the associated checkbox is checked. Also, the trusted IP hosts address list will only be applied as part of the configuration template if the Trusted IP mode is set to Enabled. Each entry in the list of trusted IP hosts defines the IP address and associated subnet mask of a specific trusted device or range of devices.
598 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION If the trusted IP address list is enabled, but does not contain any entry specifying the IP address of the local management station, with SNMP access set to Enabled, then the configuration template is considered to be invalid. Consequently, applying the configuration template to a device selection will be prevented until the problem is corrected, as this would otherwise prevent 3Com Network Director from carrying out any further configuration of the device.
Components 599 Configuring the Device as a RADIUS Client The RADIUS Servers feature allows the user to define the authentication and accounting servers the network devices should use when authenticating users for device or network access. Figure 325 Radius Servers Panel The RADIUS servers parameters will only be applied as part of the configuration template if the associated checkboxes are checked.
600 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION There is a security risk associated with configuring RADIUS secrets on the devices over the network because the SNMP protocol that 3Com Network Director uses to configure the devices is unencrypted. It is possible that a user of the network could deliberately intercept the packets sent out during the bulk configuration operation and determine from them the RADIUS secret used.
Components 601 Figure 326 System Information Panel The system information parameters will only be applied as part of the configuration template if the associated checkboxes are checked. To specify a string for the system name parameter choose Custom from the associated drop down list and enter the text into the field that becomes enabled. Alternatively, the system name parameter can be chosen to match the DNS name of each device, or to match the name currently shown in the map for each device.
602 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Figure 327 Trap Destinations Panel The trap destination table will only be applied as part of the configuration template if the associated checkbox is checked. The table defines the addresses to which the device will send SNMP traps, each entry has the following parameters: Table 93 Trap Destination Table Entries Parameter Description IP Address The IP address of the device to which SNMP traps should be sent.
Components 603 Any of the trap destination entries can be removed from the list, by selecting the entries in the list and clicking the Remove button. 3Com Network Director can be configured to create a temporary entry in the trap destination table of all devices that it manages. This temporary entry will be removed by the bulk configuration operation if it is not added to the trap table in this feature panel.
604 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Figure 329 Spanning Tree Panel The Spanning Tree mode setting will only be applied as part of the configuration template if the associated checkbox is checked. The remaining parameters for this feature will only be applied as part of the configuration template if both the associated checkbox and the Spanning Tree mode check box are checked and the Spanning Tree mode is not set to Disabled.
Components 605 The values for Max Age and Forward Delay Time must additionally conform to the following rules: Max Age >= 2 x (Hello Time + 1) Max Age <= 2 x (Forward Delay - 1) If necessary the feature will automatically adjust any values specified for the Hello Time, Max Age and Forward Delay parameters to ensure that the configuration conforms to the rules governing STP parameters. Configuring IGMP The IGMP feature allows the user to control the way in which the devices handle incoming IGMP traffic.
606 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Figure 331 Broadcast Storm Control Panel The broadcast storm control setting will only be applied as part of the configuration template if the associated checkbox is checked. The packet rate limit setting will only be applied as part of the configuration template if the broadcast storm control check box is checked and the broadcast storm control value is set to Enabled. The packet rate limit value must be in the range 0-262143.
Components 607 Figure 332 Port Security Panel The settings for each of the port security parameters will only be applied as part of the configuration template if the associated checkbox is checked. In addition the Port Security feature places restrictions on the values which can be set for the following parameters.
608 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Configuring Spanning Tree The Spanning Tree feature allows configuration of the port spanning tree protocol settings on the network devices. Figure 333 Spanning Tree Panel The settings for each of the spanning tree parameters will only be applied as part of the configuration template if the associated checkbox is checked.
Components 609 Figure 334 Port Administration Panel The settings for each of the port administration parameters will only be applied as part of the configuration template if the associated checkbox is checked. Configuring Autonegotiation The Autonegotiation feature allows the configuration of autonegotiation, duplex mode, port speed and flow control for the ports on the devices.
610 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Figure 335 Autonegotiation Panel The settings for each of the autonegotiation parameters will only be applied as part of the configuration template if the associated checkbox is checked. In addition, the Advertised Capabilities parameter will only be enabled if the Mode check box is checked and the Mode parameter is set to Auto. The Autonegotiation feature places restrictions on the values which can be set for the following parameters.
Components 611 Configuring LACP The LACP feature allows the user to control whether ports should automatically attempt to join link aggregations between the network devices using the Link Aggregation Control Protocol. Figure 336 LACP Panel The settings for each of the LACP parameters will only be applied as part of the configuration template if the associated checkbox is checked.
612 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Examples Configuring User Accounts This section provides some examples of how to use the Bulk Configuration feature of 3Com Network Director. Following an audit of network security, it has been decided that there is a need to periodically change the passwords and community strings used by all of the network specialists. It is decided to have the first changeover take place outside of work hours to avoid disrupting any routine network maintenance.
Examples 613 4 Select the first default account in the user accounts table and click the Edit button. Check the checkboxes next to the password and community parameters in the Edit Account dialog box and enter the new password and community chosen to be used for this account and click OK. See Figure 338. Repeat this step for all other default accounts.
614 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION If there are many network specialists, a decision may be made to create a single account that can be shared by all of them. Click the Save As button from the Configuration Editor dialog box and save the current switch configuration template with a suitable filename, e.g. Specialist Accounts.cfg. The configuration template will be ready for re-use when the next change to the passwords and community strings is due.
Examples 615 9 Click OK to schedule the bulk configuration operation to start later in the evening. When the bulk configuration operation runs, it will attempt to configure the user accounts of all supported 3Com devices on the network according to the user accounts defined in the configuration template. It is strongly recommended that any unsupported 3Com or 3rd party devices on the network are manually configured to suit the applicable network security policy.
616 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Figure 340 Configuration Template Editor – Radius Servers 4 Enter the IP address, port and shared secret for the primary and backup RADIUS authentication and accounting servers. Choose the appropriate action for accounting failures. 5 Click the Edit Selection button in the Configuration Editor dialog box to launch the Selection Editor dialog box, and click the Add Device button in the Selection Editor dialog box to launch the Find Device dialog box.
Examples 617 To do this: 1 Launch the Configuration Editor dialog box using the Switch Ports option from the Device > Configure menu. 2 Select the Security feature in the configuration summary tree and enable the security mode in the feature pane, as shown in Figure 341. Figure 341 Configuration Template Editor – Port Security 3 Select the user-login security mode.
618 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Figure 342 Selection Editor Dialog Box – Port Selection 6 Click the Add by Type button, and use the Add Ports By Type dialog box to add all of the edge ports belonging to the highlighted devices to the port selection. It is possible to expand the devices and units shown in the selection summary tree to verify that the port selection is as expected.
Useful Information and References Useful Information and References Supported Devices 619 The following section provides useful details related to the Bulk Configuration feature of 3Com Network Director. For information on the devices supported by the Bulk Configuration feature, see “Bulk Configuration” on page 835. The Bulk Configuration feature determines which of the devices in a selection are supported. A bulk configuration operation can only be performed on supported devices.
620 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION Device Family Supported Features Switch 4300 Switch features: System information, Trap destinations, Spanning tree2, IGMP. Port features: Spanning tree2, Administration3, Autonegotiation. Switch 4400 Family Switch features: User accounts4, Secure Shell (SSH)4, Access rights, Trusted IP4, RADIUS servers4, System information, Trap destinations, Spanning tree, IGMP, Broadcast storm control. Port features: Security4, Spanning tree, Administration, Autonegotiation, LACP.
Key Considerations 621 Key Considerations Potential Hazards when using Bulk Configuration The Bulk Configuration feature is capable of effecting significant changes to the software configuration of the devices on the network. It is possible to severely disrupt the operation of the network through accidental misuse of this feature.
622 CHAPTER 14: BULK CONFIGURATION
15 Overview PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC This chapter describes how 3Com Network Director is used to prioritize network traffic on the 3Com devices on your network. By enabling prioritization, you can specify the importance of certain types of network traffic (such as traffic to and from database servers or NBX phone traffic) over others. This can ensure that important traffic on a configured device flows quicker than other traffic and is less likely to be dropped in times of congestion.
624 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC Key Concepts Traffic prioritization has three basic aims: ■ To ensure that traffic defined as being more important flows through the network quicker than other types of traffic. ■ To ensure that important traffic is less likely to be dropped if there is congestion on the network. ■ To prevent traffic that has been blocked from flowing on the network.
Key Concepts 625 Classification is configured on a device as a set of rules. Each rule defines a particular way of identifying the type of traffic. For example, a rule may state that SNMP traffic can be identified as UDP packets that have either the source or the destination UDP port set to the value 161. Marking Due to the numerous possibilities for classifying packets, not every device can classify the same packets in the same manner.
626 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC As these standards each define a single field in which to store the marking, it means that simple classification devices can still be used as part of a network-wide traffic prioritization solution provided that the following conditions are met: ■ Simple classification devices must be able to classify on the user priority field, the DiffServ field or both.
Key Concepts 627 The boundary nodes (shown in the Topology example) are complex classification devices and can perform the appropriate marking of packets. This means that any interior nodes that are simple classification devices are still able to determine the correct traffic prioritization to perform.
628 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC The example illustrates what happens when a device receives a set of packets of different types that are destined for the same port: ■ The queuing mechanism takes the packets (which are received in no particular order) and, based upon whether they were classified as gold, silver or bronze, places them in the gold, silver or bronze queue. The bronze queue does not have enough space to hold all of the bronze packets and so the sixth bronze packet is dropped.
Key Concepts 629 Dropping The action of dropping allows the device to prevent blocked traffic from flowing on the network. This is achieved by discarding (dropping) packets that are identified via classification as traffic that should be blocked. Service Levels The overall set of actions that are performed as a result of a particular classification are commonly known as a service level.
630 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC Service levels enable easy identification of end-to-end treatment of traffic. If the example was to be configured appropriately on the devices throughout the network, it would be possible to say that database traffic is treated as business critical throughout the network. Settings within a service level may vary from device to device depending upon the device’s capabilities. One device, for example, may have four queues whilst another device may have two.
Components 631 These devices would be configured with mappings between classification rules and service levels as shown in Table 100: Table 100 DiffServ Codepoints and Service Levels Classification Rule Service Level Traffic marked with DiffServ codepoint 16 Business Critical Service Level Traffic marked with DiffServ codepoint 24 CEO’s Service Level Traffic marked with DiffServ codepoint 46 Voice Service Level Traffic marked with DiffServ codepoint 0 All Other Traffic Service Level When these d
632 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC The wizard determines which of the devices it configures are capable of the required classification and handles these devices as boundary nodes. These devices are configured by the wizard to classify the traffic and to apply appropriate DiffServ codepoint markings. Devices not capable of the required classification are configured by the wizard to classify traffic based upon the DiffServ codepoint values that the boundary nodes mark the traffic with.
Components 633 ■ Network-wide Configuration — applies the selected configuration to all of the supported 3Com devices in the current map. 3Com recommends that you use this configuration type whenever you intend to make changes to your selection or when you are first configuring traffic prioritization on your network. If a new configuration is not applied across all of the devices then end-to-end traffic prioritization may not be possible.
634 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC Figure 346 NBX step When 3Com Network Director automatically selects NBX phone traffic for prioritization, traffic identified as NBX phone traffic is treated as more important than non-prioritized traffic and other prioritized traffic by the configured devices. This means that the phone traffic will flow through the network faster and with less chance of being dropped when compared with any other traffic in your network.
Components 635 Servers Step You can select servers for prioritization or blocking. In terms of the Prioritize Network Traffic Wizard, a server can be any device with an IP address regardless of whether or not the device is present in the 3Com Network Director map. This enables you to perform actions such as blocking traffic to and from streaming media servers that are external to your company or to prioritize traffic to and from your partners websites.
636 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC There are several servers that 3Com Network Director will not allow you to select for blocking. In addition, there are various problems that may arise due to selecting servers for blocking. For more information see “Potential Hazards When Blocking Traffic To and From Servers” on page 659. Applications Step You can select applications for prioritization or blocking (See Figure 347).
Components 637 3Com Network Director configures devices that are capable of performing complex application classification to identify traffic as belonging to an application by creating classifier rules. These classifier rules are equivalent to the classifier rules that make up the definition in the wizard. Traffic that matches these classifier rules is also mapped to the Business Critical service level.
638 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC More information on how to determine the appropriate field values is available in “Determining Field Values for Applications” on page 654. Finish Step and Progress Changes to your network traffic prioritization configuration are not applied to your network until you select Finish on the Configuration Summary screen.
Components 639 For each device that the wizard cannot support due to licensing reasons, the report lists: ■ Device name ■ Device type ■ IP address Network Prioritization Report The Prioritize Network Traffic Wizard automatically generates a Network Prioritization report after it has completed the configuration of your network for traffic prioritization. The Network Prioritization report details the following: ■ The servers whose traffic has been prioritized.
640 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC The report can help you determine whether you have applied a consistent end-to-end traffic prioritization configuration in your network. This is particularly useful if you have decided to manually configure your devices. Whenever you run the Prioritization Configuration report, 3Com Network Director retrieves the configuration information directly from the supported 3Com devices in your network.
Examples 641 3 Click the Device type configuration radio button and select 3Com XRN Fabric from the drop-down list. 4 Click Next to show the Servers step in the wizard and continue selecting Next until the Configuration Summary step is shown. 5 Click Finish to apply the previously applied configuration to your XRN core.
642 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC 5 Click Next to show the Servers step in the wizard and continue selecting Next until the Configuration Summary step is shown. If the Resource Warning screen is displayed then you may wish to resolve the resource warnings before proceeding. Refer to “Resource Warnings” on page 657 for more information. 6 When you reach the Configuration Summary step, select Finish to apply the updated configuration to the supported 3Com devices in the map.
Examples 643 Figure 351 Setup Servers - Prioritizing Traffic To and From a SAP Server Example 4 In the Setup Servers dialog, select Add to display the Add Server dialog (as shown in Figure 352) enabling you to add the SAP server. Figure 352 Add Server - Prioritizing Traffic To and From a SAP Server Example 5 Type the name of the SAP server (or the function that it performs) into the Name: field and type either the DNS name or the IP address of the server into the DNS name/IP address: field.
644 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC If you have entered a DNS name then 3Com Network Director will resolve the DNS name to an IP address for you. 6 Select OK in the Setup Servers step to return to the Servers step where the SAP server is now listed in the Normal list. 7 Select the SAP server from the Normal list and select Set Prioritized then select Next to display the Applications step. 8 Select Next to show the next step of the wizard.
Examples 645 9 Click Next to display the next step of the wizard. If the Resource Warning screen is displayed then you may wish to resolve the resource warning before proceeding. Refer to “Resource Warnings” on page 657 for more information. 10 When you reach the Configuration Summary step, click Finish to apply the updated configuration to the supported 3Com devices in the map.
646 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC Figure 353 Applications - Prioritizing a Video Conferencing Application Example 4 To add the video conferencing application to the list of applications, select Setup Applications from the Applications step to display the Setup Applications dialog in Figure 353. 5 Click Add to display the Add Application dialog as shown in Figure 354.
Examples 647 Figure 354 Add Applications - Prioritizing a Video Conferencing Application Example 6 To specify the application definition, type the name of the application in the Name field. 7 To add each of the classifiers to the application, click Add to display the Add Classifier dialog as shown in Figure 355. Figure 355 Add Classifier - Prioritizing a Video Conferencing Application Example 8 Select the appropriate type and enter the appropriate value (in this case, UDP and 2001 respectively).
648 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC 9 Repeat steps 7 and 8 to add in the remaining classifiers (in this case, UDP port 2002 and UDP port 2003). 10 Click OK to return to the Setup Applications dialog. 11 Click OK again to return to the Applications screen where the video conferencing application is now listed in the Normal list. 12 Select the video conferencing application from the Normal list. Select Set Prioritized. 13 Click Next to display the next step of the wizard.
Examples 649 3 To add the first network manager’s PC to the list of servers, select Setup Servers from the Servers step to display the Setup Servers dialog in Figure 357. Figure 357 Setup Servers - Restricting Access to SNMP Example 4 In the Setup Servers dialog, click Add to display the Add Server dialog in Figure 358, enabling you to add the first network manager’s PC.
650 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC Figure 358 Add Server - Restricting Access to SNMP Example 5 Type the name of the PC (or the function that it performs, or the name of the network manager) into the Name: field and type either the DNS name or the IP address of the PC into the DNS name/IP address: field. Click OK to add the PC and return to the Setup Servers screen. If you have entered a DNS name then 3Com Network Director will resolve the DNS name to an IP address for you.
Examples 651 Figure 359 Applications - Restricting Access to SNMP Example 9 Select the application Network Management (SNMP) from the Normal or Prioritized list. Select Set Blocked and dismiss the warning dialog that is displayed. 10 Click Next to display the next step of the wizard. If the Resource Warning screen is displayed then you may wish to resolve the resource warning before proceeding. Refer to “Resource Warnings” on page 657 for more information.
652 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC Useful Information and References User Priority Field The following section provides useful information and references when using 3Com Network Director. The user priority field (and the tagged header that it is present in) allows information about the priority level of a packet to be carried with the packet as it traverses the network. The field is defined within the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.
Useful Information and References DiffServ Codepoint Field 653 The DiffServ Codepoint field, defined in the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC 2474, allows information about the quality of service requirements of a packet to be carried with the packet as it traverses the network.
654 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC Determining Field Values for Applications In order to create a new application definition, it is necessary to know the field values that can be used to identify that application. Many vendors now provide the information about the field values that their applications use either in the application manual or on the vendor’s website to aid firewall configuration.
Useful Information and References 3Com Network Director Service Levels 655 3Com Network Director uses the service levels on the devices it configures as shown in Table 104. Table 104 Service Levels Used by 3Com Network Director Service Level Queue Marking Value 2 Queue Device 4 Queue Device 802.
CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC Agent Version Drop Traffic Mark 802.1p Mark DSCP SuperStack 3 Switch 4200 Family Any ✕ ✕ ✕ 2 ✕ ✕ SuperStack 3 Switch 4400 Family Any ✓ ✓ ✓ 4 ✓ ✓ 2.0 or later ✕ ✕ ✕ 4 ✓ ✕ 2.0 ✕ ✕ ✕ 4 ✓ ✕ 2.
Key Considerations Key Considerations Resource Warnings 657 The following section provides assistance when configuring traffic prioritization on your network: Resource warnings occur for the following reasons: ■ Each device type has a certain number of resources available for classification which are managed in different ways by different device types.
658 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC Table 106 Resource Warnings Resource Warning Content Explanation (if appropriate) The type of devices that are affected by this problem A description of the problem If the problem is resource related then a percentage indication will be given of the attempted resource usage.
Key Considerations Why Errors Can Occur When Adding a Server 659 When you are adding a server it is necessary to enter a unique non-blank name and either a valid DNS name or a valid IP address. If you choose to enter an IP address it must not be a broadcast IP address. If any of these conditions are not met then the wizard will not allow the server to be added and an appropriate warning message will be displayed.
660 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC ■ The IP address of the server that you wish to block does not belong to a server that is critical to your business, such as a database or e-mail server. Blocking IP addresses such as these may have a major impact on your business. ■ The IP address of the server that you wish to block is not an IP address that is served by a DHCP server.
Key Considerations Potential Hazards of Blocking Application Traffic 661 Blocking traffic belonging to applications is a powerful feature for preventing the use of undesired applications on your network. However, if the wrong application definitions are used for blocking an application this can cause severe problems on your network.
662 CHAPTER 15: PRIORITIZING NETWORK TRAFFIC CAUTION: Many TCP and UDP based applications use dynamic port assignment to determine the TCP or UDP port that will be used as the source port. If your application definition contains a classifier for a TCP or UDP port that falls within a range that one or more of your devices may dynamically allocate to an application it could cause intermittent problems on your network.
16 Overview UPGRADING DEVICE SOFTWARE This chapter describes how 3Com Network Director can be used to manage the agent software on 3Com devices across your network and to ensure that the 3Com devices on your network are running the latest agent software available to you. You can use the Agent Update feature to: ■ Upgrade all supported 3Com devices on your network to the latest agent software you have available. ■ Find 3Com devices on your network that are running out-of-date agent software.
664 CHAPTER 16: UPGRADING DEVICE SOFTWARE Key Concepts Agent Image Files This section describes the key concepts associated with the Agent Update feature. You can use the Agent Update Wizard to import agents that you have obtained from elsewhere, for example downloaded from the web. This allows you to import older agents, to create a comprehensive database of agent versions.
Components 665 Components The following section describes the principles of updating agents using 3Com Network Director. Agent Update Wizard The Agent Update Wizard guides you through the process of upgrading devices in the network. This section describes the function of each step or dialog box used in the wizard. Introduction Step The Introduction step in the Agent Update Wizard outlines the agent update process, summarizing the choices covered by the wizard as shown in Figure 360.
666 CHAPTER 16: UPGRADING DEVICE SOFTWARE Update Type Step The Update Type step of the wizard offers you three options as shown in Figure 361. Figure 361 Agent Update Wizard - Update Type Each option determines the type of update being performed.
Components 667 Even though the Switch 1100s and 3300s share the same agent, they are listed separately in the Update by type to latest list box. The Switch 610s and 630s are not listed separately, but will appear when you select all by type for 1100 and 3300 respectively. 3Com Network Director does not distinguish between the 610/1100 and 630/3300. ■ Custom — allows full control over the Agent Update operation.
668 CHAPTER 16: UPGRADING DEVICE SOFTWARE The table lists any devices that you have chosen for the Agent Update operation. If any devices were selected from the device list prior to launching the Agent Update Wizard, these will be present in this list by default. To add devices to the table, click Add to display the Find Device dialog box which enables you to search the application for any device. Click Remove to remove the selected device(s) from the list.
Components 669 Change Agent Version Step Click Change Version on the Specify Devices and Agent Versions wizard step to launch the dialog box shown in Figure 363. The dialog box will list all agent versions that Agent Update has imported for the selected device using the Agent Import tool. Figure 363 Agent Update Wizard - Change Version To add a new version to the list, click Have Disk, which will launch an Add Agent file dialog box. This lets you specify an agent image file to use.
670 CHAPTER 16: UPGRADING DEVICE SOFTWARE Scheduling Step You can specify a time to carry out the operation. The default option in this step is Now which will perform the Agent Update operation as soon as the wizard has finished as shown in Figure 364. Figure 364 Agent Update Wizard - Scheduling If Later is selected, the time selection is enabled and you can choose any time in the next week to schedule the operation. The time field is in 12-hour format so remember to set to am/pm.
Components 671 Summary Step The Summary step presents you with the choices made during the wizard as shown in Figure 365: Figure 365 Agent Update Wizard - Summary The table contains a row for each device that Agent Update will attempt to upgrade should you proceed. This list will depend on the choices you made through the wizard.
672 CHAPTER 16: UPGRADING DEVICE SOFTWARE The Progress Dialog Box The Progress dialog box displays when an Agent Update operation is due to start.
Components 673 During the verifying device properties stage, Agent Update will examine the properties of the device to ensure that it is the expected device. If the device is not what Agent Update was expecting, then the update for that device is skipped. To verify that a download was successful, Agent Update will read the device details at the end of the update and check that the new software version has successfully changed.
674 CHAPTER 16: UPGRADING DEVICE SOFTWARE Agent Audit report You can use the Agent Audit report to determine which of the devices on your network are running the latest available agent software, and which devices are running out-of-date software. You can generate an Agent Audit report at any time from the Generate Reports tab of the Reports dialog box, launched from Tools > Reports.
Examples 675 6 Click Next to display the Summary step and check that the details are all correct before clicking Finish to start the operation. 7 View the scheduled tasks list to ensure the new task is present by clicking Tools > Scheduled Tasks. 8 Leave the application running and next morning, check that there is a Summary dialog box indicating that the Agent Update operation was successful. 9 Leave the View report checkbox checked and click OK to view the report.
676 CHAPTER 16: UPGRADING DEVICE SOFTWARE Useful Information and References Supported Devices The following section provides assistance when using Agent Update on your network. Some types of devices are supported only from a minimum agent version onwards. If you want to upgrade the agent of a device that is currently running an unsupported agent version, you must use another means to upgrade the agent for the first time. The supported devices are listed in Appendix A on page 841.
Key Considerations Device Family Agent Filename Format Wireless LAN Access Point 8000 opXXxxxx.bin (operational code) 677 fsXXxxxx.bin (file system) fsXXxxxx.bin (combined operational code and file system) Webcache series s3b_XX_xx.bin XX represents the major version number and xx the minor version number of the agent software contained in the file.
678 CHAPTER 16: UPGRADING DEVICE SOFTWARE Once you are certain that the device is not responding you should physically inspect the device to ensure that all units or modules are operational. It can take several minutes for all of the units or modules in a device to return to an operational state following an update of the agent software.
Key Considerations 679 To alter the time-out and retry values: 1 Close down 3Com Network Director. 2 Open the AUProperties.XML file using Notepad or another text editor. 3 Look for an integer value surrounded by the following tags: , This value controls the timeout, in seconds, for TFTP packets sent by the internal TFTP server. Increment the value to increase the TFTP timeout.
680 CHAPTER 16: UPGRADING DEVICE SOFTWARE
17 Overview USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK This chapter describes how to use 3Com Network Director to discover, monitor and manage multi-site networks.
682 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK physically located, or the PC that runs an application is located, is known as the local site. Other sites are known as remote sites. Similarly, devices that are located at the local site are known as local devices, while devices that are located at remote sites are known as remote devices.
Key Concepts 683 being much slower to respond than local devices. This is normal behavior in a multi-site network. However, this delay may result in 3Com Network Director incorrectly reporting these devices as having slow response times. ■ If the additional latency caused by WAN links is too high or if the WAN links are unreliable then 3Com Network Director may conclude that some remote devices are not responding at all.
684 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK while traversing the network, or if the device the request is sent to is not responding for some reason, then a response to the request will never be received by 3Com Network Director.
Key Concepts 685 Configurable Poll Rates for Active Monitoring When you are monitoring a device using an active monitoring technique (i.e. either full or response monitoring mode), 3Com Network Director polls the device on a regular basis with requests for device state information. The more frequently 3Com Network Director polls the device, the more management traffic it will generate to that device and, assuming the device is responding to request, the more traffic the device will generate in response.
686 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK By changing the monitoring mode used for remote devices you can reduce the amount of monitoring traffic that will be generated on the WAN links, reducing the impact that monitoring has upon these links. Configurable Discovery Options In order to discover your network, 3Com Network Director performs a series of steps in order to find devices, determine their configuration and calculate how they are interconnected.
Components 687 Components Automatic WAN Link Discovery 3Com Network Director provides basic automated support for discovering and displaying the WAN interfaces on your routers. This support is part of the normal Network Discovery process, and requires no additional configuration beyond that normally needed to discover a device. When 3Com Network Director discovers a router in your network it determines which, if any, of the active interfaces on the router are WAN interfaces.
688 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Manual Layout of WAN Topology If you have further details of the WAN topology in your network, such as which interfaces on which routers correspond to each other for point-to-point connections, then you may wish to correct the default manner in which the WAN topology is displayed in your map to reflect these details.
Components 689 Interface Representations after a Manual Layout of WAN Topology” on page 691 for details of how to restore these WAN interface representations. 2 Link the two routers together: a Select the two routers in the map or the tree. b Select Edit > Add Link to link the two routers together. 3 Set the port details of the link: a Select the new link. b Launch the Properties dialog box for that link by selecting Properties from the right-click menu of the link. c Select the Ports tab.
690 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK b Locate the cloud icon in the Add Map Item dialog box, select it and drag it onto the map, near to the Default WAN cloud. This adds a new cloud to the map, which will be used to represent the logical grouping. c Close the Add Map Item dialog box. d Select the new cloud in the map. e Launch the Properties dialog box for the new cloud by selecting Properties from the right-click menu of the link.
Components 691 a In the map, select one of the links between one of the routers that contain the WAN interfaces that are logically connected to each other and the cloud that is being used to represent the logical group. b Launch the Properties dialog box for that link by selecting Properties from the right-click menu of the link. c Select the Ports tab. d Determine whether the router is shown in the From Port frame or the To Port frame.
692 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK topology for. Deleting the link removed the representations of all of those WAN interfaces from the map. By setting the appropriate end of a newly added link to one of the WAN interfaces of the router you restored the map representation for that interface only. You can automatically restore the representation of the other WAN interfaces by rediscovering one of the subnets that the router has an IP address on.
Components 693 determine which end is nearest to the local site and monitor that. This will prevent the monitoring from generating traffic over the WAN link. ■ If you have a point-to-multi-point WAN configuration and have logically grouped the interfaces involved together, or wish to monitor a point-to-point link at both ends, then you can start monitoring on all of the links that form a part of that connection.
694 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK For example, the service level agreement for a particular link may provide better-than-best effort service to traffic up to 1Mbps, and then best effort service to all traffic above that. You may decide that it is acceptable to have up to 200kbps of the traffic sent via that link treated as best effort. To achieve this you can set the speed of the link to 1Mbps and the threshold for the utilization monitor to 120%.
Configuration 695 There is a three level hierarchy in this mechanism: ■ Whole Map: The Retry/Timeout tab in the Tools > Options dialog box allows you to configure the number of retries and timeout periods for requests sent to any device in the map. Unless you explicitly override the settings at the subnet or device level devices will use the settings you specify here.
696 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Figure 368 Retry/Timeout Tab The DNS Values frame allows you to configure the number of retries and the timeout period for all DNS requests, and lists the DNS servers that will be used for handling these requests. 3Com Network Director uses DNS requests during the discovery process to try to determine the names of discovered IP devices. See “DNS Name Resolution ” on page 95 for more details.
Configuration 697 The Retry/Timeout Global Defaults frame allows you to configure the number of retries and timeout periods used for the various different protocols that are used for directly contacting the devices on your network. You can configure the number of retries and timeout periods for the following: ■ ■ IP Ping requests: IP ping requests are used during the IP Ping stage of Network Discovery. See “IP Ping ” on page 93 for more details of this Network Discovery stage.
698 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Figure 369 Retry/Timeout Tab By default all subnets will inherit their settings from the Tools > Options dialog box. In order to change the number of retries and timeout periods for a subnet you will need to uncheck the Use defaults from Tools > Options dialog box option, after which you can set the number of retries and timeout periods for the subnet.
Configuration 699 Specifying Retries and Timeout Periods at the Device Level If you wish to change the number of retries and timeout periods for a particular device, open the Retry/Timeout tab of the device’s Properties dialog box: Figure 370 Retry/Timeout Tab By default all devices will inherit their settings either from their subnet or, if the device is in multiple subnets, from the Tools > Options dialog box.
700 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Some devices, such as most end stations, cannot be managed directly by 3Com Network Director and so do not have configurable settings for numbers of retries and timeout periods. Specifying Retries and Timeout Periods in the Network Discovery Wizard By default the Network Discovery wizard uses the numbers of retries and timeout periods configured at the whole map level when discovering subnets on your network.
Configuration 701 Figure 371 Add Subnet Dialog Box In order to change the number of retries and timeout periods for a particular subnet you will need to uncheck the Use defaults from Tools > Options dialog box option, after which you can set the number of retries and timeout periods for the subnet. Changes made to a subnet in the Retry/Timeout information frame are retained by the subnet after Network Discovery has completed.
702 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK For example, by default 3Com Network Director will retry a failed IP ping request an additional 2 times, and give each IP ping request a 2 second timeout period. This means that, during the IP Ping stage of a Network Discovery, it will take 3Com Network Director 6 seconds before it concludes that an IP address is not going to respond.
Configuration 703 at least this time. Note that if your sample period did not include any samples when the connectivity was particularly slow then it may be advisable to add a small additional time on top of your measured longest response time (for example, another 500 ms) to allow for additional delays. It is recommended that you do not enter a number of retries or a timeout period for any request type that is less than the default value.
704 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Issues and Techniques when Configuring the Retry/Timeout Hierarchy When configuring the Retry/Timeout hierarchy in a multi-site network there are various issues to look out for, and techniques that may be employed to address them: ■ Before starting to configure the retry/timeout hierarchy, it is important to correctly identify the local and remote sites with regards to the PC that 3Com Network Director is running on.
Configuration 705 may be quicker and easier to configure the Retry/Timeout hierarchy by configuring the whole map settings for these remote sites and then override the settings for the local site and any remote sites with different requirements.
706 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK case of the SNMP traps only mode, removes the polls entirely), but at the cost of the detail of the monitoring information. For example, full monitoring of a complex device may involve retrieving state for several hundred monitors during every poll.
Configuration 707 response monitoring for all other devices. The importance of a device is based upon its features and links, but not upon its physical location within the network. It also automatically selects the poll rates for the monitored devices, based upon the number of devices in the map and not upon their location. As a result, using automatic monitoring mode in a multi-site network may result in many or all of your remote devices being monitored in full monitoring mode.
708 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK In order to avoid this you should use SNMP traps only monitoring of such a remote site. Alternatively, do not monitor the remote site unless there are issues that you wish to investigate and then stop monitoring the site immediately after you have completed your investigations.
Configuration 709 Monitoring local devices does not involve the use of WAN links, and so these can use more frequent polling rates than remote devices, providing a more accurate picture of the state of these devices. Similarly, remote devices that you monitor in response monitoring mode generate less traffic at each poll than devices that you monitor in full monitoring mode.
710 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK In order to cope with this situation you will need to first determine the most common configuration. In the example given above, this would likely be the devices monitored in response monitoring mode. The monitoring modes and poll rates for the subnet should be configured to match the settings selected as the most common.
Configuration 711 can be discovered. See “Specify Subnets Pane” on page 111 for details of how to do this. ■ It is possible to configure the numbers of retries and timeout periods to use for each subnet being discovered. See “Specifying Retries and Timeout Periods in the Network Discovery Wizard” on page 700 for details of how to do this. ■ If automatic monitoring mode is not being used then the monitoring mode to use for the subnets being discovered can be specified.
712 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK In order to discover a single device, 3Com Network Director queries the device for information about its features, current configuration and other devices that are known to it. This can generate a large amount of traffic, particularly for complex devices.
Configuration 713 Restricting the device types to Only IP devices in the Discovery Options pane of the Network Discovery wizard will reduce the total number of devices represented in the map, but will not reduce the number of devices that will be queried for feature, configuration and topology information. As a result, selecting this option will neither reduce the total amount of traffic generated by the network discovery process nor speed up the network discovery process.
714 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Discovery you can do so by canceling the Network Discovery from within the Network Discovery Progress dialog box. Configuring Monitor Thresholds 3Com Network Director can monitor various services on devices, including FTP, HTTP, SMTP, POP3, DNS and NFS on any end station and IP Ping on all IP devices, by sending appropriate queries to the devices.
Examples 715 If it is critical that a device at the local site has a fast response time then you may wish to use this same technique to lower the service monitor thresholds for the device from their defaults. Examples Grouping Frame Relay Interfaces Together Your network contains three WAN interfaces that are all connected to the same frame relay cloud. Your service provider, Acme Services, provides the frame relay cloud, but you manage the WAN routers.
716 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Figure 373 Find Dialog Box - Default WAN 5 Click Find. 6 When the search completes, double-click on the entry for the Default WAN cloud in the results list. The map zooms to the Default WAN cloud. Figure 374 Find Dialog Box - Double-Click on Default WAN Cloud Entry 7 Close the Find dialog box.
Examples 717 Figure 375 Map Zoomed into Default WAN Cloud 8 To view the devices surrounding the Default WAN cloud, zoom out from the map by clicking the Zoom out button in the toolbar, repeatedly. 9 Launch the Add Map Item dialog box by selecting Edit > Add Map Item. 10 Locate the cloud icon in the Add Map Item dialog box, select it and drag it onto the map, near to the Default WAN cloud.
718 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Figure 376 Adding a Cloud by Drag and Drop 11 Close the Add Map Item dialog box. 12 Select the new cloud in the map. 13 Launch the Properties dialog box for the new cloud by selecting Properties from the right-click menu of the link. 14 In the Custom Name field of the General tab enter a suitable name for the cloud.
Examples 719 Figure 377 Properties Dialog Box - General Tab 15 Close the Properties dialog box by clicking OK. 16 Locate the three routers that contain the WAN interfaces that are connected to the frame relay cloud. 17 Select their links to the Default WAN cloud. Ensure that nothing else is selected in the map.
720 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Figure 378 Map - Links Selected 18 Select Edit > Delete, and confirm the deletion.
Examples 721 19 Select one of the routers and the new cloud in the map. Figure 380 Map - Router and New Cloud Selected 20 Select Edit > Add Link to link the router and the new cloud together.
722 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Figure 381 Map - Router and New Cloud Linked 21 Select the new link. 22 Launch the Properties dialog box for that link by selecting Properties from the right-click menu of the link. 23 Select the Ports tab.
Examples 723 Figure 382 Properties Dialog Box - Ports Tab 24 Determine whether the router is shown in the From Port frame or the To Port frame. 25 Click the Set button in the frame that shows the router to launch the Set Port dialog box. 26 In the Set Port dialog box select the appropriate unit and interface number of the interface on the router that is part of the logical grouping.
724 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK 27 Close the Set Port dialog box by clicking OK. 28 Close the Properties dialog box by clicking OK. 29 The text in the center of the cloud will automatically change to indicate that it is a frame relay cloud. Figure 384 Map Showing Labelled Cloud 30 Repeat steps 11 – 20 for each of the other routers that have WAN interfaces connected to the frame relay cloud.
Examples 725 Figure 385 Map Showing Multiple Links 31 The map no longer shows the other WAN interfaces for the WAN router that has multiple active WAN interfaces. To rectify this, run a rediscovery of one of the subnets that the router is on by selecting the subnet in the map and selecting Tools > Network Discovery. This recreates the representations of the other WAN interfaces.
726 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Figure 386 Rediscovered Map 32 Finally, relayout the map by selecting View > Relayout Map.
Examples 727 Figure 387 Map Following Relayout Discovering a Remote Site You wish to discover one of your remote offices so that you can monitor and manage the important devices at that site from within 3Com Network Director.
728 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK first VLAN, the database server on the second VLAN and the NBX call processor on the third VLAN. 2 Your network information also indicates that the remote site has a particularly slow connection to the rest of your company’s network. You decide that the default numbers of retries and timeout periods will be unsuitable for the remote site and so you will need to determine appropriate values for the site.
Examples 729 Figure 389 Network Discovery Wizard 5 Click Next to move onto the Specify Subnets step. 6 In the Specify Subnets step, click Add. This launches the Add Subnet dialog box.
730 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Figure 390 Add Subnet Dialog Box 7 In the Add Subnet dialog box enter the subnet address and mask of the subnet associated with the first VLAN.
Examples 731 Figure 391 Add Subnet Dialog Box - Subnet Address and Mask 8 Select the Discover custom ranges: radio button. 9 Click Add to launch the Add Range dialog box. Figure 392 Add Range Dialog Box 10 Edit the Start IP address, setting it to the first IP address in the subnet.
732 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Figure 393 Add Range - Start 11 Edit the End IP address, setting it to the tenth IP address in the subnet. Figure 394 Add Range - End 12 Click OK to add the new range to the list of ranges to discover on the subnet.
Examples 733 Figure 395 Add Subnet Dialog Box - Discover Custom Ranges Selected 13 The Start IP address is already set to the first IP address in the subnet, so edit the End IP address so that it is set to the tenth IP address in the subnet.
734 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Figure 396 Add Subnet Dialog Box - End IP Address Edited 14 Uncheck the Use defaults from Tools > Options dialog box option.
Examples 735 Figure 397 Add Subnet Dialog Box - Use Defaults Option Unchecked 15 Enter the appropriate values in the retries and ms timeout fields, from the numbers of retries and timeout periods that you determined for the various request types.
736 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Figure 398 Add Subnet Dialog Box - Retries and MS Timeouts 16 Click OK to add the subnet to the list of subnets to discover
Examples 737 Figure 399 Network Discovery Wizard - Subnet Added 17 Click Add to launch the Add Subnet dialog box again. 18 In the Add Subnet dialog box enter the subnet address and mask of the subnet associated with the second VLAN. 19 Select the Discover custom ranges: radio button. 20 Click OK to add the new range to the list of ranges to discover on the subnet. 21 Edit the Start IP address so that it is set to the IP address of the database server.
738 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK different devices. See “Configuring Monitoring for a Remote Office” on page 309 for an example of how to configure monitoring for a remote site. Figure 400 Network Discovery Wizard - Monitor Core Devices and Links 28 Click Next to move onto the Community Strings step.
Examples 739 Figure 401 Network Discovery Wizard - NBX Voice Network 32 Click Next to move onto the NBX Call Processors step. 33 If you have changed the administrator username or password of your NBX call processor from the factory defaults then select the Custom option and enter the appropriate username and password. Figure 402 Network Discovery Wizard - NBX Call Processors 34 Click Next to move onto the Discovery Options step.
740 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Figure 403 Network Discovery Wizard - Discovery Options 35 To simplify the display of the remote site you decide that you do not wish MAC-only devices to be created. To do this first uncheck the Use defaults from Tools > Options dialog box option. Figure 404 Network Discovery Wizard - Use Defaults Unchecked 36 Check the Only IP devices option.
Examples 741 Figure 405 Network Discovery Wizard - Only IP Devices Checked 37 Click Next twice to move through the rest of the wizard to the Summary step. Figure 406 Network Discovery Wizard - Summary Step 38 Check that the details of the discovery are correct before clicking Finish to discover your remote site.
742 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Configuring Service Monitoring Thresholds Using Historical Reports The event log for your network shows that the mail server at one of your remote sites has been consistently slow to respond to queries.
Examples 743 Figure 408 Find Dialog Box - Fields Populated 5 Click Find. 6 When the search completes, double-click on the entry corresponding to the mail server in the results list. The map zooms to the mail server.
744 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK 7 Close the Find dialog box. Figure 410 Map Zoomed to Search Results 8 Launch a historical report for the mail server by selecting Historical Report from the right-click menu for the mail server. 9 Click on the Weekly Graphs (30 minute average) shortcut to view the graphs for the last week.
Examples 745 Figure 411 Weekly Graphs (30 Minute Average) 10 Examine the weekly graphs in the historical report to determine the normal response time range for each of the three services that you are monitoring on the mail server. For example, looking at the SMTP Response time graph in detail shows that the normal response time is in the range 1200 – 1400ms. The graph also shows three times when the mail server was slow to respond to SMTP requests, when the response time rose to over 2400ms.
746 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Figure 412 SMTP Response Time Similar checks against the Response Time and POP3 Response Time graphs show that these too have normal response times in the range of 1200 – 1400ms. 11 Launch the Live Graphs dialog box for the mail server by selecting Live Graphs from the mail server’s right-click menu. Figure 413 Live Graphs Dialog Box 12 In the Live Graphs dialog box, select the IP Ping Service monitor, if it is not already selected.
Examples 747 Figure 414 Threshold Settings Dialog Box 14 Edit the High stress threshold value and set it to 2000ms. This sets the Warning stress threshold value to 1500ms, which is above the normal response time range for this service monitor. By setting the thresholds so that the normal response time range is below the warning threshold you ensure that the monitor will not generate events when the mail server is responding normally.
748 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK Useful Information and References Supported WAN Interface Types 3Com Network Director provides support for several different families of WAN interface types.
Useful Information and References WAN Family ifType xDSL adsl(94) radsl(95) sdsl(96) vdsl(97) msdsl(143) idsl(154) hdsl2(168) shdsl(169) mvl(191) reachDSL(192) FDDI fddi(15) Frame Relay frameRelay(32) frameRelayService(44) frameRelayInterconnect(58) frameRelayMPI(92) voiceOverFrameRelay(153) frDlciEndPt(193) ISDN basicISDN(20) primaryISDN(21) isdn(63) lapd(77) MPLS mplsTunnel(150) mpls(166) PPP propPointToPointSerial(22) ppp(23) async(84) pppMultilinkBundle(108) SMDS smdsDxi(43) smdsIcip(52)
750 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK WAN Family ifType X.25 lapb(16) x25ple(40) x25mlp(121) x25huntGroup(122) The ifType field indicates the value in the ifType column of the MIBII ifTable that is used to identify interfaces of this type. If an interface does not have an entry in the ifTable, or if it does not use one of the ifType values identified above, then it will not be identified as a WAN interface by 3Com Network Director.
Key Considerations 751 values. See “Determining Appropriate Retry and Timeout Periods” on page 701 for details of how to do determine appropriate values. If you have already determined what appear to be appropriate values for the remote site then the problem may be caused by the amount of traffic generated by the discovery process itself.
752 CHAPTER 17: USING 3COM NETWORK DIRECTOR ON A MULTI-SITE NETWORK ■ The WAN router may have an access control list (ACL) configured that prevents management from the device from any unauthorized devices. If the PC that 3Com Network Director is running on is not listed in the ACL then 3Com Network Director will be unable to fully discover the router. Please refer to the user guide of your WAN router for details of whether it supports ACL security and how to configure it if it does.
18 Overview NBX SUPPORT This chapter describes how to administer a 3Com NBX voice system using 3Com Network Director. 3Com Network Director gives you the option to discover equipment from the 3Com SuperStack3 NBX and 3Com NBX 100 networked telephony solutions. Once the voice equipment has been discovered, 3Com Network Director provides the following features: ■ Topology: The NBX Call Processors, line cards and phones are displayed on the 3Com Network Director network map.
754 CHAPTER 18: NBX SUPPORT Key Concepts This section outlines the key concepts of managing an NBX system using 3Com Network Director. How 3Com Network Director Discovers the Phone Network In the 3Com Network Director Network Discovery, you can specify if you have a NBX system on your network. If you do, you can then specify the administrator username/password that 3Com Network Director should use to communicate with the system. See “Discovering the Network” on page 91 for further details.
Key Concepts Device Type Icon 755 Example NBX Phones and Attendant Consoles 3Com NBX 1105 Attendant Console NBX applications (pcXset and ConneXtions) 3Com NBX PcXSet PC The NBX chassis is not displayed directly on the 3Com Network Director map. Instead, NBX Call Processors and line cards are represented individually as described below: NBX Call Processor 3Com Network Director shows the NBX Call Processor on the map.
756 CHAPTER 18: NBX SUPPORT Analog Terminal Adapter and Analog Terminal Card Each Analog Terminal Adapter (ATA) port is represented individually on the map. The icon used for the ATA port depends on whether the port is connected to a phone or a fax. For a 4-port Analog Terminal Card, each port uses a separate icon. NBX Phones and Attendant Consoles 3Com Network Director detects all types of NBX phones, as well as attendant consoles.
Components Components Discovering the NBX Voice Network 757 The following section describes how to discover and manage an NBX system using 3Com Network Director. NBX Voice Network Step After you specified the community strings on your network within the Network Discovery Wizard you can specify whether or not you have an NBX system on your network in the step shown in Figure 416. Refer to “Community Strings Pane” on page page 118 for details of specifying the community strings.
758 CHAPTER 18: NBX SUPPORT Figure 417 NBX Call Processors Step of the Network Discovery Wizard The NBX Call Processors step displays the following settings: ■ Add/Modify/Remove NBX Call Processors: the table allows you to add details for individual NBX Call Processors on your network. By default, this table is empty. ■ ■ ■ Click on Add to specify the login details for a new NBX Call Processor. Click on Modify to specify the login details for the selected NBX Call Processor in the table.
Components 759 ■ The username/password in the table of NBX Call Processors, if you specified the NBX Call Processor's IP address in this table.
760 CHAPTER 18: NBX SUPPORT Figure 419 Modify NBX Call Processor The Add NBX Call Processor and Modify NBX Call Processor dialog boxes display the following settings: ■ IP Address: The IP address of the NBX Call Processor. This entry must be a valid IP address. ■ Username: The NetSet administrator username for the NBX Call Processor. ■ Password: The NetSet administrator password for the NBX Call Processor.
Components Monitoring the Phone Network 761 Monitoring the NBX Call Processor The NBX Call Processor controls the incoming and outgoing phone calls on your voice system. As a result, it is important that this device be monitored. 3Com Network Director considers the NBX Call Processor to be a core device, so it will be monitored by default.
762 CHAPTER 18: NBX SUPPORT ■ IP Ping Service: 3Com Network Director checks the availability of the phone using the ICMP Ping echo. Note that this monitor is only available for IP phones. Because 3Com Network Director polls the NBX Call Processor rather than the phone itself to retrieve the phone status, even phones with no IP address assigned can be monitored. If the NBX Call Processor is not responding, the whole phone network will be unavailable.
Components 763 Figure 420 Context Menu for the NBX Call Processor This will select all phones and line cards on the map that this NBX Call Processor manages.
764 CHAPTER 18: NBX SUPPORT Finding out Which NBX Call Processor is Associated with a Phone 3Com Network Director allows you to find the NBX Call Processor that manages a specific phone on the map. To do so, right-click on the phone, or line card, icon on the map to open the context menu, as seen in Figure 422 and click the Go to Related NBX Call Processor option. The position of phones on the map does not necessarily mean that they are managed by the closest NBX Call Processor.
Components 765 Figure 423 No NBX Call Processor is Associated With the Selected Phone Understanding Voice-related 3Com Network Director Events 3Com Network Director notifies you of network problems that might affect the voice system by logging events in the events system. The main events that might be generated are: ■ Events related to the NBX Call Processor ■ Events related to phones ■ Events related to other links or devices on the network.
766 CHAPTER 18: NBX SUPPORT Events related to phones When a phone becomes unavailable, an event will be logged. This event can have two causes: ■ The phone stopped responding to the IP Ping Service: This event only applies to phones that have an IP address assigned. This event resolves when the phone responds to the IP Ping Service again. ■ The phone status has changed to Offline: 3Com Network Director polled the NBX Call Processor and found that the phone Status is now Offline.
Components ■ 767 If Web management is the default management option by double-clicking on the NBX Call Processor icon on the map. See “Tools > Options Menu Option” on page 76 for information about setting this option. 3Com Network Director opens NetSet in your default web browser and automatically logs in using the administrator username and password you specified during the network discovery. As a result, the NetSet home page will be displayed.
768 CHAPTER 18: NBX SUPPORT Examples Discovering Several NBX Call Processors Simultaneously You want to discover several NBX Call Processors on your network simultaneously or discover your whole NBX system at once, where each NBX Call Processor uses a different password. To discover multiple NBX Call Processors: 1 Start a new discovery using the File > New menu option.
Useful Information and References ■ $date$ ■ $time$ ■ $description$ ■ $explanation$ 769 2 Select all the phones on the map. You can do this using the Find dialog box to find and select all of the NBX call processors on your network and then clicking the Select Related Phones option in the right-click menu. See “Selecting the Phones Associated with an NBX Call Processor” on page 762 for further details.
770 CHAPTER 18: NBX SUPPORT NBX Call Processor The NBX Call Processor is at the heart of your telephony system. It manages incoming and outgoing calls to and from the phones on your network. It also has call-processing features built-in, such as voice mail and automated attendant. NBX NetSet The NetSet utility is an HTML-based web interface for configuring and managing NBX systems.
Key Considerations 771 The phone was added manually If you added a phone on the map using the Edit > Add Map Item menu option, there will be no NBX Call Processor associated with it. As a result, the Go to Related NBX Call Processor and Web Management menu options will not work.
772 CHAPTER 18: NBX SUPPORT The wrong username/password was specified for the NBX Call Processor If the wrong username/password was specified for the NBX Call Processor on your network, NBX devices will be represented by an end-station icon and will show the following device type: ■ Generic IP Device, if an IP address was assigned to the device. ■ Generic Device, if no IP address was assigned to the device.
Key Considerations 773 will add the NBX Call Processor to the table in the NBX Call Processors step 8 Click Next and complete the wizard as explained in “The Network Discovery Wizard” on page 109. When the discovery is complete, the phones should be visible. There is a problem with the HTTP service for the NBX Call Processor 3Com Network Director uses the HTTP protocol to communicate with the NBX Call Processor.
774 CHAPTER 18: NBX SUPPORT 6 Click Next, and complete the wizard. When the discovery is complete, the phones should be visible. Frequently Asked Questions Below are some frequently asked questions about NBX phones on the 3Com Network Director map. Why are there a lot of unconnected phones on the map? 3Com Network Director successfully discovered your NBX network, but a number of phones are displayed at the top-left corner of the map, unconnected.
Key Considerations 775 The phone cannot be reached If the phone should be on the network but is unconnected, this means that none of the network nodes on the network (routers, switches, or hubs) saw the physical address (the MAC address) of the phone. This in turn means that the phone is unreachable, possibly due to being disconnected, or having a broken link. To check this: 1 Make sure that the phones can be reached. 2 Check that the phones are correctly connected and the links are up.
776 CHAPTER 18: NBX SUPPORT For phones that are using the default user name, 3Com Network Director will show a label using the extension number, rather than showing a label of New User, which could cause a number of phones to use the same label. How do I change the label of a phone or line card? To change the label of a phone or line card you can set the custom name using the Properties dialog box. Refer to“Viewing Device Details” on page 229 for further details.
19 Overview BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS This chapter describes how 3Com Network Director can be used to manage the software configuration of the 3Com devices on your network. You can use Backup, Restore and Setup to: ■ Save the software configuration of your 3Com devices. ■ Apply a software configuration, saved in the backup file, to either the device from which it originated or to a replacement device of the same type.
778 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS Key Concepts The Backup feature is designed to help you store the software configuration of your 3Com devices. The Backup feature associates each saved backup with the source device from which the backup was taken, by generating a unique physical identification for the source device.
Backup Components 779 The Restore and Setup Wizards identify potential target devices in the current map as those that match the physical configuration of the source device. 3Com recommends that you refresh the current map prior to using Restore or Setup, unless you are sure that there have been no changes to the physical configuration of the devices on your network. Backup Components Device Backup Wizard This section describes how to use the Backup feature of 3Com Network Director.
780 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS Figure 424 Device Backup Wizard - Backup Type The options are: ■ Backup all 3Com devices — backs up all of the supported 3Com devices in the current map. 3Com recommends that you use this backup type on the first occasion that you use the Device Backup Wizard. By choosing this backup type you will ensure that you have a saved configuration for all your supported devices.
Backup Components 781 Specify Devices to Backup Step This step of the wizard is only displayed if you have selected the Custom option on the Backup Type step. If you selected devices in the network before starting the Device Backup, those devices are listed on this page by default as shown in Figure 425 Figure 425 Specify Devices to Backup You can add devices to the list and remove devices from the list box provided, using the Add and Remove buttons.
782 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS Figure 426 Specify Telnet Login Information Step If this step is displayed, you will need to provide the Telnet username and password for the device you have selected to backup. ■ Username — specifies the username used to log in to the selected devices, via Telnet. This can be a maximum of 32 characters. ■ Password — specifies the password used to log in to the selected devices, via Telnet. This can be a maximum of 24 characters.
Backup Components 783 Figure 427 Device Backup Wizard - Backup Identification You must provide a label, using a maximum of 20 characters, to be associated with all backups created by the current backup operation. You can, if you wish, provide a longer description of the backups in the comments field in this step. The label and comments you provide will be used during future Restore and Setup operations to help you identify the backups.
784 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS Figure 428 Device Backup Wizard - Scheduling You can review or cancel a scheduled Device Backup operation from the Scheduled Tasks dialog box which can be launched from Tools > Scheduled Tasks. Summary Step and Progress Unless you have chosen to schedule the Device Backup operation for a future date, the operation begins once you have selected Finish on the Summary step.
Backup Components 785 successful backup includes the label that was applied to the backup. The detail of the alarm message for an unsuccessful backup describes what went wrong. If you choose to cancel a Device Backup operation before it is complete, no alarms will be generated for devices that are still pending or in progress at that time.
786 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS Backup Audit Report The Backup Audit report determines how recently the devices on your network have been backed up and which devices have not yet been backed up. You can generate a Backup Audit report at any time from the Generate Reports tab of the Reports dialog box, launched from Tools > Reports. The Backup Audit report lists the following: Backup Files ■ The devices on your network that have one or more backups available.
Restore Components Restore Components Device Restore Wizard 787 This section describes how to use the Restore feature of 3Com Network Director. You can apply a saved backup to either the device from which the backup was taken or to a replacement device that has the same physical configuration. The Device Restore Wizard must be launched against the selection of a single device in the current map. The selected device will be the target of the Restore operation.
788 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS Figure 429 Device Restore Wizard - No Backups Found If your target device is not a replacement for another device and there are no backup files associated with your target device, the Device Restore Wizard cannot continue. The Restore operation can only be used to apply a saved backup to either the device from which it originated or to a replacement for the device.
Restore Components 789 Figure 430 Device Restore Wizard - Specify Device Being Replaced The table shows the name of all devices that have one or more existing backups and have the same physical configuration as your target device. The list of devices is taken from the saved backup files. The device that is being replaced does not have to be present in the current map.
790 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS Figure 431 Device Restore Wizard - Specify Backup To Use The table provides the following information about each backup to help you identify the one to apply to the target device: ■ Date — the date on which the backup was created. ■ Label — the label you gave this backup in the Device Backup Wizard. ■ Comments — the comments that you gave this backup in the Device Backup Wizard.
Restore Components 791 Figure 432 Specify Telnet Login Information Step If this step is displayed, you will need to provide the Telnet username and password for the device you have selected to restore. ■ Username — specifies the username used to log in to the selected devices, via Telnet. This can be a maximum of 32 characters. ■ Password — specifies the password used to log in to the selected devices, via Telnet. This can be a maximum of 24 characters. The username and password may be left blank.
792 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS You can cancel the Device Restore operation at any time. If you do cancel the operation then the configuration of the target device may be left in an inconsistent state. Device Restore Event The alarm source is the IP address of the target device and both the alarm severity and the alarm message indicate whether the attempt to restore the saved software configuration to the device was successful.
Setup Components 793 devices) you choose to set up must have the same physical configuration as the source device of the software configuration. The Device Setup Wizard can be launched from Device > Setup. Configuration Source Type Step You can choose whether the software configuration that will be applied to your target devices should come from either a live device on your network or a saved backup as shown in Figure 433.
794 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS Figure 434 Device Setup Wizard - Specify Source Device From this step you can select any one of the supported devices in the current map. The device you select here will be used as the source of the software configuration applied to your target devices.
Setup Components 795 Figure 435 Device Setup Wizard - Specify Source Backup From this step you can select any one of the backups you have created using the Device Backup operation. The backup you select here will be applied to your target devices.
796 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS Figure 436 Device Setup Wizard - Specify Devices To Setup Select the target devices that you wish to apply the chosen software configuration to. Summary Step and Progress The Device Setup operation is ready to begin once you select Finish on the Summary step as shown in Figure 437.
Setup Components 797 Figure 437 Device Setup Wizard - Summary Before any configuration takes place, the Device Setup operation displays a warning dialog box. The dialog box advises you to ensure that the target devices are isolated from your network before proceeding. You must acknowledge this warning before continuing. See “Key Considerations” on page 808 for further information. During the Device Setup operation, the Device Setup Progress dialog box is shown to indicate the progress of the operation.
798 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS Device Setup Event The alarm source is the IP address of the device and both the alarm severity and the alarm message indicate whether the attempt to apply the source software configuration to the device was successful. The detail of the alarm message for a successfully configured device identifies the source device or backup that provided the software configuration.
Examples Examples 799 This section provides some examples of how to use Backup, Restore and Setup. Scheduling a Device Backup Operation 1 As part of your disaster recovery plan, you have decided that you need a backup of the software configuration of all devices on your network. You decide to schedule the operation to take place out of work hours to minimize the impact of the extra traffic on the network. To do this ensure that all of the devices on your network are present in the current map.
800 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS 5 Select Next to display the Scheduling step, then select the Later radio button to schedule the Device Setup operation to begin after you leave in the evening. Enter the time using the 12 hour clock, bearing in mind the setting for a.m./p.m. and leave today as the selected day to run the operation as shown in Figure 439: If you decide to schedule the backup operation for a time after midnight, remember to set the date to the following day.
Examples Restoring to a Replacement Device 801 There has been a hardware failure on one of the core devices in your network. The failed device is one that you have earlier backed up as part of your disaster recovery plan. You have a replacement device with the same physical configuration as the failed device and you want to configure the replacement device and substitute it for the failed device. To do this: 1 If possible, keep the replacement device isolated from your network in a staging area.
802 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS Figure 440 Specify Device Being Replaced Example 6 Choose the name of the device that has suffered the hardware failure from the list of devices shown. 7 Click Next to display the Specify Backup To Use step and select the most recent backup available for the failed device from the list of available backups. 8 Click Next to display the Summary step and select Finish to start the Device Restore operation.
Examples 803 configure a device with an IP address, refer to the user documentation that is supplied with your device. 2 Configure one of the devices with the desired port security and VLAN settings. This will be referred to as the source device. By giving the source device an easily identifiable system name at this stage, you will be able to find the source device more easily when using the Device Setup Wizard.
804 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS 8 Select Next to display the Summary step and select Finish to start the Device Setup operation. You must wait until the operation has completed successfully. 9 Now that all of the new switches have the desired port security and VLAN settings, you can configure each of the switches with any individual settings that they require. You should also give each device the IP address that you will use to manage it once it has been added to your network.
Useful Information and References Useful Information and References 805 The following section provides useful details related to Backup, Restore and Setup. The devices and agents supported by Backup, Restore and Setup are shown in “Backup, Restore and Setup” on page 837. Supported 3Com Devices The Device Backup, Restore and Setup Wizards determine which of the devices in your map are supported. Backup, Restore and Setup can only be performed on supported devices.
806 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS The Layer 3 module that is available for use with the Switch 1100 and Switch 3300 family of devices will not be configured by the Device Restore or Setup operations. The presence of these modules is recorded as part of the physical configuration stored in the backup file for a device, but the software configuration of the module is not saved.
Useful Information and References Understanding Backup Files 807 Backup files are saved in a readable format called eXtensible Markup Language (XML). Every backup file is divided into two main sections, the head and the body. The head section describes the physical configuration of the device, at the time it was backed up. However, the content of the body section depends on the type of the source device.
808 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS To locate a backup file you will need to know: ■ The IP address of the source device at the time the backup was made. ■ The date and time of the Device Backup operation that created the backup file All backup files have the file extension .xml When deleting unwanted backup files you should take care to also delete any auxiliary files referenced by the backup in order to conserve hard disk space.
Key Considerations Potential Hazards when using Restore and Setup 809 The Device Restore and Setup operations initialize most types of device prior to applying the software configuration. The initialization of a device that is connected to your network can cause network loops.
810 CHAPTER 19: BACKING UP DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS
20 Overview LIVE UPDATE This chapter describes how you can use Live Update to download product updates and product news from 3Com over the Internet. Live Update checks the 3Com server for available software updates and filters the updates so that only files that apply will be downloaded. Live Update also manages the download of these files.
812 CHAPTER 20: LIVE UPDATE Key Concepts Connection Type Service Packs Live Update Engine This section describes the keys concepts of Live Update. 3Com Network Director supports three methods of connecting to the Live Update server: ■ Use Browser Settings — 3Com Network Director checks the settings of your default browser and uses the same settings to connect to the Internet. ■ Direct Connection to the Internet — 3Com Network Director assumes it has a direct connection to the Internet.
Components Components 813 The following section describes the Live Update Components in 3Com Network Director. Live Update can be launched by: ■ Clicking Live Update on the toolbar. ■ Selecting the Tools > Live Update menu option. Live Update consists of two main components: Live Update Setup Wizard ■ The Live Update Setup Wizard — this lets you select the type of Internet connection.
814 CHAPTER 20: LIVE UPDATE These are as follows: ■ Use Web browser settings — 3Com Network Director uses the same settings as your default browser to connect to the Internet. This is the recommended setting if the default browser on your PC is supported by 3Com Network Director. ■ Direct connection to the Internet — 3Com Network Director connects directly to the Internet through the LAN.
Components 815 Figure 443 Live Update Setup Wizard - Use Custom Settings Step This step enables you to enter the following: ■ Proxy Server — either the DNS name or the IP address of your proxy server. ■ Proxy Port — the port number that 3Com Network Director should use to connect to your proxy server. ■ My proxy server requires authentication — select this option if your proxy server requires authentication. If this option is not selected, the Username and Password fields will be ignored.
816 CHAPTER 20: LIVE UPDATE Figure 444 Live Update Setup Wizard - Summary Step This step details the following: ■ Connection Type — the type of connection that 3Com Network Director will use to connect to the Internet. ■ Proxy Server — the name or IP address of the proxy server that 3Com Network Director will use to connect to the Internet.
Components 817 ■ Username — the username that 3Com Network Director will use to connect to the proxy server. This information is displayed only if you selected Use custom proxy settings in the Connection Type step and selected the My proxy server requires authentication checkbox in the Use Custom Settings step. ■ Password — the password that 3Com Network Director will use to connect to the proxy server.
818 CHAPTER 20: LIVE UPDATE Figure 445 Live Update - Select File Groups The dialog box displays if: ■ You have clicked on Finish in the Summary step of the Live Update Setup Wizard. ■ The Show the Live Update Setup Wizard Next Time option is not selected in the General tab of the Options dialog box but you have clicked on Live Update or selected the Tools > Live Update menu option. Status This is the current status of the initial transaction between your PC and the Live Update server.
Components ■ 819 Failed to retrieve update details — the initial transaction between 3Com Network Director and the Live Update server failed. In this case, an error message is also displayed to help you identify the cause of the problem. Table of Available Updates The table in the Live Update - Select File Groups dialog box lists the types of update available for download. You can also select the file group that should be downloaded and the total space required on your PC.
820 CHAPTER 20: LIVE UPDATE File Group Details The File Group Details section displays a description of the updates available within the selected group. To display the description, select the file group in the table. To view the contents of that file group in more detail, click More Details. For more information see “Select File Group - Group Name” on page 820.
Components 821 The table in this dialog box consists of several columns as follows: ■ Load — when this box is selected, the corresponding update is downloaded. De-select this box if you do not want to download this update. ■ Version — the value of this column depends on the file group as follows: ■ ■ If the file group is 3Com Network Director Update, this is the version of the update as well as the main version it applies to.
822 CHAPTER 20: LIVE UPDATE This step details the following: ■ Update Progress — this bar indicates the progress of the overall download. ■ Time Remaining — this is an estimate of the time required to download all of the remaining files. ■ Table — this indicates the download status of individual files, one of: Pending..., Downloading..., Complete, Download Error. If you click Cancel during the download, the download is suspended.
Components 823 Figure 448 Options - Internet This tab details the following: ■ Use Web browser settings — 3Com Network Director uses the same settings as your default browser to connect to the Internet. This is the recommended setting if the default browser on your PC is supported by 3Com Network Director. ■ Direct connection to the Internet — 3Com Network Director connects directly to the Internet through the LAN.
824 CHAPTER 20: LIVE UPDATE ■ Proxy Server — the name or IP address that 3Com Network Director uses to connect to the Internet. This field is only available when Custom proxy settings is selected. ■ Proxy Port — the port that 3Com Network Director uses to connect to the proxy server. This field is only available when Custom proxy settings is selected. ■ My proxy server requires authentication — select this option if your proxy server requires authentication.
Components 825 Figure 449 Options - General Live Update Activity Report The Live Update Activity report can be used to review the download status of all the software updates downloaded using Live Update. To view the report: 1 Select the Tools > Reports menu option. 2 In the Generate Reports tab, select the Live Update Activity report. 3 Click on Generate Report. This will launch the Live Update Activity report in your default browser.
826 CHAPTER 20: LIVE UPDATE Examples Ensuring 3Com Devices are Supported This section provides some examples of how to use Live Update. You have just bought some new hardware from 3Com and want to update your version of 3Com Network Director to ensure it supports these devices. To do this: 1 Click Live Update on the toolbar. 2 In the Live Update Setup Wizard, select Use Browser Settings and click Next. 3 Click Finish.
Examples 827 Figure 451 File Group Details Example 5 Click More Details... to view the details on that update. This will open the Live Update - Select File Groups - 3Com Network Director update dialog box. 6 Click Release Notes to display the readme file in Notepad. You can then check that this update adds support for your new 3Com devices. 7 Click OK to return to the Live Update -Select File Groups dialog box. 8 Click OK to download the update.
828 CHAPTER 20: LIVE UPDATE Solution 1 - Automatic Configuration using the Live Update Setup Wizard This is the preferred method if your default browser is supported by 3Com Network Director and is configured to use the proxy server. 1 Select the Tools > Options... menu option. 2 Click the General tab. 3 Click Show the Live Update Setup Wizard next time option if it is not already selected. 4 Click OK to validate the changes. 5 Click Live Update.... This launches the Live Update Setup Wizard.
Examples 829 Solution 2 - Manual Configuration using the Options Dialog Box This is the preferred method if your default browser is not supported by 3Com Network Director or if your browser is not configured to use the proxy server. 1 Select the Tools > Options... menu option. 2 Click the Internet tab to display the Internet connections settings. 3 Select the Custom Proxy Settings option.
830 CHAPTER 20: LIVE UPDATE Updating 3Com Router Manager You have just installed 3Com Router Manager on your PC and want to ensure that it is using the latest software updates: 1 Click Live Update on the toolbar. 2 In the Live Update Setup Wizard, select Use Browser Settings and click Next. 3 Click Finish. 3Com Network Director will check for available software updates on the Live Update server. 4 The Live Update - Select File Groups dialog box will display any available updates.
Useful Information and References Useful Information and References Proxy Server 831 The following section provides useful details to do with Live Update. A proxy server acts as an intermediary between the PCs on your network and the Internet. The main features of a proxy server are: ■ Centralized access to the Internet for all the PCs on your network. ■ Web content filtering ■ Internet access restricted to authorized users.
832 CHAPTER 20: LIVE UPDATE 4 Select the Custom Proxy Settings option and enter the proxy server name/IP address and the proxy port. If your proxy server requires authentication, select the My proxy server requires authentication checkbox and enter the username and password. 5 Click OK to validate the settings. 6 Launch the Live Update Setup Wizard and proceed to the Summary step, which should now show the correct proxy settings. 7 Click Finish, the connection should now succeed.
Key Considerations 833 The file name for the downloaded updates is listed in the File Name column. Once you know the file name, you can find the update in the folder where 3Com Router Manager updates are located.
834 CHAPTER 20: LIVE UPDATE
A SUPPORTED DEVICES This appendix details the devices supported by the following features: ■ Bulk Configuration ■ VLAN Configuration ■ Agent Update ■ Backup, Restore and Setup ■ RMON ■ Device View ■ Switch Manager ■ Router Manager ■ Device Warranty All information in this section is correct at time of publication. For up to date device support, please ensure that you have installed the latest Service Pack.
836 APPENDIX A: SUPPORTED DEVICES Device Type Minimum Agent Version 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 4300 1.10 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 4400 family 3.0 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 4900 family 3.0 3Com Switch 4050 3.0 3Com Switch 4060 3.0 3Com Switch 4070 3.0 3Com Switch 4005 and modules 1.22 The Layer 3 module that is available for use with the Switch 1100 and Switch 3300 family of devices will not be configured by the bulk configuration operation.
Backup, Restore and Setup 837 Device Type Minimum Agent Version 3Com Switch 4005 and modules 1.22 3Com Switch 4007 and modules 3.00 3Com CoreBuilder 9000 and modules 3.00 3Com Switch 7700 1.0 3Com Switch 7700R 1.0 The 3Com Switch 4007 and 3Com CoreBuilder 9000 do not support VLAN configuration on the EME card, on RAP ports or on resilient link ports. Backup, Restore and Setup The devices and minimum agent versions supported by Backup, Restore and Setup are shown in Table 115.
838 APPENDIX A: SUPPORTED DEVICES Device Type Minimum Agent Version 3Com Wireless Access Point 8750 2.03 3Com Network Jack family 1.0 3Com Switch 7700 1.0 3Com Switch 7700R 1.0 3Com Router 3012 1.2 3Com Router 3013 1.2 3Com Router 3015 1.2 3Com Router 3016 1.2 3Com Router 3018 1.2 3Com Router 5009 1.2 3Com Router 5231 1.2 3Com Router 5640 1.2 3Com Router 5680 1.2 The SuperStack 3 Switch 4400 SE device is supported by Backup, Restore and Setup.
Backup, Restore and Setup 839 - Resilient Links - Aggregated Links For Switch 4007 devices only, the management PC should be directly connected to the EME management module to ensure that communication is not lost during a Device Restore or Device Setup operation. 2 Device Backup, Restore and Setup operations may fail if the target device has multiple IP addresses, but not all of these addresses have been detected by 3Com Network Director.
840 APPENDIX A: SUPPORTED DEVICES immediately following a Device Restore or Setup operation on these devices. 5 In order to prevent loss of communication between Network Director and the target device, the Device Restore operation will not change the IP address, subnet mask or default gateway being used by the device prior to the operation being started.
Agent Update 841 backup was originally created. The Device Restore and Setup operations would fail in such cases. To ensure consistency, it is recommended that Switch 4400 cascade modules always be placed in slot 1. 10 Wireless LAN Access Point 8200 Wireless LAN Access Point 8250 Wireless LAN Access Point 8500 Wireless LAN Access Point 8700 Wireless LAN Access Point 8750 The above devices may lose communications after a restore operation. This will appear as a failure in the Wizard.
842 APPENDIX A: SUPPORTED DEVICES Device Type Minimum Agent Version 3Com Wireless Access Point 8700 2.02 3Com Wireless Access Point 8750 - 3Com SuperStack 3 Webcache 1000 2.0 3Com SuperStack 3 Webcache 3000 2.0 3Com Network Jack family 1.0 3Com Router 3012 1.20 3Com Router 3013 1.20 3Com Router 3015 1.20 3Com Router 3016 1.20 3Com Router 3018 1.20 3Com Router 5009 1.20 3Com Router 5231 1.20 3Com Router 5640 1.20 3Com Router 5680 1.
Agent Update 843 Serial Update Utility, Serial Upgrade Utility, Software Update Utility, Agent Update Utility and Management Upgrade Utility. 1 Downgrading devices - You should always read the agent software release notes before downgrading a device as not all agent software can be overwritten with significantly older software. 2 Switch 1100/3300 running agent version 2.52 or lower - There may occasionally be issues when updating devices from very early versions of the agent software.
844 APPENDIX A: SUPPORTED DEVICES 8 Webcache 1000/3000 - Importing agent software from disk is not supported for this device. Agent software can only be obtained using Live Update. 9 If you intend to upgrade agent software on a Wireless Access Point 8000, 3Com recommends that you consult the readme file supplied with the Access Point 8000 first.
RMON 845 the agent file using its original name, in order to use the file to successfully upgrade your devices. 3Com Network Director's inventory of imported agents can be found on your system, in the following directory:\TftpBoot Note that refers to the directory where you installed 3Com Network Director.
846 APPENDIX A: SUPPORTED DEVICES Device Type 3Com Router 5680 For details of the RMON support provided by any specific device in this list, consult the User Guide for the device itself. There are known issues with RMON support in agent version 1.10 of the 3Com Router 3000 and 3Com Router 5000 families. Please upgrade to at least version 1.20 if you wish to use RMON monitoring. Device View Devices supported by Device View are listed below.
Device View Supported Devices 3Com SuperStack II 9300 3Com SuperStack II Desktop Switch 3Com SuperStack II Dual Speed Hub 3Com SuperStack II Hub 10 3Com SuperStack II Hub 100 3Com SuperStack II PS Hub 3Com SuperStack II Switch 1000 3Com SuperStack II Switch 1100 3Com SuperStack II Switch 2200 3Com SuperStack II Switch 3000 3Com SuperStack II Switch 3300 3Com SuperStack II Switch 3800 3Com SuperStack II Switch 9000 3Com SuperStack Switch 9100 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 4400 Family 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 490
848 APPENDIX A: SUPPORTED DEVICES Supported Devices XRN Interconnect Module for 4900/40x0 family Switch Manager The devices supported by the Switch Manager feature are shown in Table 119: Table 119 Switch Manager: Supported Devices Supported Devices 3Com Switch 7700 Router Manager The devices supported by the Router Manager feature are shown in Table 120: Table 120 Router Manager: Supported Devices Supported Devices 3Com Router 5009 3Com Router 5231 3Com Router 5640 3Com Router 5680 3Com Router 3012 3
Device Warranty Supported Devices 3Com LinkSwitch 1000 3Com LinkSwitch 2200 3Com LinkSwitch 3000 3Com NetBuilder II, SuperStack II NetBuilder 20x, SuperStack II NetBuilder 42x 3Com Network Jack 200 3Com OfficeConnect Hub 8/TPM 3Com OfficeConnect Switch 140M 3Com SuperStack 3 Server Load Balancer family 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 4200 family 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 4300 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 4400 family 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 4900 family 3Com SuperStack 3 Webcache 1000 3Com SuperStack 3 Webcache 3000 3C
850 APPENDIX A: SUPPORTED DEVICES Supported Devices 3Com SuperStack II Switch 9100 3Com SuperStack II/SuperStack 3 Switch 1100 family 3Com SuperStack II/SuperStack 3 Switch 3300 family 3Com Switch 4005 and modules 3Com Switch 4007 and modules 3Com CoreBuilder 9000 and modules 3Com Switch 4050 3Com Switch 4060 3Com Switch 4070 3Com Wireless LAN Access Point 8000/8200 General Restrictions with Supported Devices By default, SNMP is disabled on the 3Com Switch 7700.
B 3COM DEVICE VIEW This appendix describes how 3Com Device View enables you to monitor and set up the 3Com hubs, switches, bridges/routers and remote access devices on your network.
852 APPENDIX B: 3COM DEVICE VIEW About Device View Device View provides an SNMP-based interface for managing the connectivity devices on your network. When you manage a device, Device View creates an accurate graphical representation of the hardware that enables you to view the status of ports and indicators. You can use this to set up device and port parameters and collect detailed statistics.
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 853 Manage security Set up traps View statistics Create VLANs Create resilient links Manage bridging Manage console port Manage ports Upgrade agent software ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Use SuperStack groups Setup device Monitor status Management Support Matrix ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 3Com OfficeConnect Remote 531 3Com OfficeConnect Switch
Manage security Set up traps View statistics Create VLANs Create resilient links Manage bridging Manage console port Manage ports Upgrade agent software Use SuperStack groups Setup device APPENDIX B: 3COM DEVICE VIEW Monitor status 854 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 3300 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 4400-48 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 3Com Superstack 3 Switch 4400 PWR ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 3Com SuperStack 3 Switch 4400 SE ✓ ✓
C OBTAINING SUPPORT FOR YOUR PRODUCT Register Your Product to Gain Service Benefits To take advantage of warranty and other service benefits, you must first register your product at http://eSupport.3com.com/. 3Com eSupport services are based on accounts that you create or have authorization to access. First time users must apply for a user name and password that provides access to a number of eSupport features including Product Registration, Repair Services, and Service Request.
856 APPENDIX C: OBTAINING SUPPORT FOR YOUR PRODUCT ■ Connection Assistant helps you install, configure and troubleshoot 3Com desktop and server NICs, wireless cards and Bluetooth devices. This diagnostic software is located at: http://www.3com.com/prodforms/software/connection_assistan t/ca_thankyou.html Access Software Downloads Software Updates are the bug fix / maintenance releases for the version of software initially purchased with the product.
Telephone Technical Support and Repair 857 To send a product directly to 3Com for repair, you must first obtain a return authorization number (RMA). Products sent to 3Com, without authorization numbers clearly marked on the outside of the package, will be returned to the sender unopened, at the sender’s expense. If your product is registered and under warranty, you can obtain an RMA number online at http://eSupport.3com.com/. First time users will need to apply for a user name and password.
858 APPENDIX C: OBTAINING SUPPORT FOR YOUR PRODUCT Country Telephone Number Country Telephone Number Latin America Telephone Technical Support and Repair Antigua Argentina Aruba Bahamas Barbados Belize Bermuda Bonaire Brazil Cayman Chile Colombia Costa Rica Curacao Ecuador Dominican Republic 1 800 988 2112 0 810 444 3COM 1 800 998 2112 1 800 998 2112 1 800 998 2112 52 5 201 0010 1 800 998 2112 1 800 998 2112 0800 13 3COM 1 800 998 2112 AT&T +800 998 2112 AT&T +800 998 2112 AT&T +800 998 2112 1 800 99
D SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS This appendix details the system requirements needed in order to utilize 3Com Network Director. Operating System Web Browser There are two supported platforms for 3Com Network Director which are: ■ Windows 2000 Professional SP4 ■ Windows XP Professional SP1a 3Com Network Director supports the following web browsers: ■ Netscape Navigator 4.x and above ■ Netscape 7.x ■ Internet Explorer 4.x and above There is no support for any version of Netscape 6.
860 APPENDIX D: SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Hardware The minimum hardware specification required for 3Com Network Director is: ■ IBM PC or compatible, with 500Mhz Pentium III processor ■ 512MB RAM ■ 250MB free hard disk space ■ 1024 x 768 graphics capabilities with 256 colors ■ CD-ROM drive ■ Network adapter card The recommended hardware specifications for 3Com Network Director is: ■ IBM PC or compatible, with 1GHz Pentium III processor, or above ■ 1GB RAM or more ■ 1Gb free hard disk space ■
E Overview REPORT EXAMPLES This appendix contains examples of the following type of report: ■ Discovery Report ■ Misconfigurations and Optimizations Report
862 Appendix E: REPORT EXAMPLES Discovery Report Discovery Report Example This section contains two Discovery Report examples. 3Com Network Director Discovery Report This report lists any problems that 3Com Network Director encountered whilst discovering devices on your network. Report created: February 5, 2002 12:06 PM Map: edin-test Discovery - 140.204.232.0 Warning 3Com Network Director was unable to determine the write community string for the following SNMP devices.
Discovery Report Example Content Discovery Report Example Content 863 This section discusses the contents of a typical 3Com Network Director Discovery Report. The following devices stopped responding while 3Com Network Director attempted to read topology information from them This is as it says. The device must have responded at some point for the application to have discovered it.
864 Appendix E: REPORT EXAMPLES The following devices returned invalid port information During the sizing stage the application attempts to determine which ports are enabled and have a link present since it is only those that can take an active roll in the topology. For some third party devices it may fail to obtain any valid ports and this message will be logged.
Discovery Report Example Content 865 The following devices have one or more ports that have failed self-test Listings of the devices are provided as described. Warnings 3Com Network Director displays this warning if it detects the situation where a MAC address has been learned on different ports on different VLANs. Warning The MAC address of one device has been seen or "learned" on multiple ports of another device. This implies there is a loop in the network.
866Appendix E: REPORT EXAMPLES Network Configuration 1 Bridging between VLANs can cause the same MAC address to appear on different ports. See example below. If the host on VLAN1 sends a packet to the server on VLAN2, the packet first goes to the switch and is learned on port X in VLAN1. The packet then goes to the brouter. If the protocol being used is one that is being bridged as opposed to routed, then the brouter will bridge the packet back to the switch.
Discovery Report Example Content 867 Network Configuration 2 Spanning Tree has been disabled on this network and instead VLANs are used to avoid a network loop. This means a user can run traffic over all the links on their network as opposed to having some blocked by Spanning Tree. However, this means that the MAC address of the PC can appear on 2 different ports on Switch 1.
868 Appendix E: REPORT EXAMPLES Misconfigurations and Optimizations Report 3Com Network Director Misconfigurations and Optimizations Additional Information Inconsistent VLAN IDs 3Com Network Director identifies the situation where inconsistent VLAN IDs have been used across connected, untagged ports. For example: [ 3Com Network Director would report this as a misconfiguration.
Misconfigurations and Optimizations Report 869 If the same VLAN ID had been used on all three switches, for example ID=4, then 3Com Network Director would only list one VLAN in the Show VLANs toolbar and the Find dialog: Accounts (ID=4) A more likely use of inconsistent VLANs is shown below: One router is using VLAN ID=2 for subnet A, the other router is using VLAN ID=3 for the same subnet. The VLANs with IDs 2 and 3 are in fact the same VLAN - subnet A.
870 Appendix E: REPORT EXAMPLES For example, the configuration below would be reported as a misconfiguration: The same VLAN (ID=2) is configured on three switches with three different names. 3Com Network Director will choose one of the configured names to represent the VLAN. This name will be used to display the VLAN in the Show VLANs toolbar and the Find dialog. To avoid this misconfiguration being reported in the future, configure the same VLAN name on all switches.
Misconfigurations and Optimizations Report 871 If a port connected to a single end station is set to disable, whenever the attached end station is powered up, the Spanning Tree protocol will treat this as a topology change event. This results in the Filtering Database entries being flushed and temporary flooding of traffic occurs until the addresses are re-learned.
872 Appendix E: REPORT EXAMPLES Web Cache Redirection The Webcache Redirection feature of 3Com switches allows web traffic passing through the switch to be transparently redirected to a Webcache on the network. If a switch can support Webcache Redirection, 3Com Network Director provides the ability to enable Redirection via the Misconfigurations and Optimizations reports that are generated post-discovery.
Misconfigurations and Optimizations Report 873 Webcache operating in transparent modes This report will be generated when a device with a Webcache redirection capable agent and a Webcache are discovered. Webcache redirection is not enabled but the Webcache is operating in transparent mode. When Webcache redirection is not enabled the Webcache should be operating in forward proxy mode.
874 Appendix E: REPORT EXAMPLES Webcache Redirection - redirection table is full This report will be generated when a device capable of performing Webcache Redirection and a Webcache are discovered but the redirection table maintained by the device is full and this table does not contain an entry for the Webcache listed.
Misconfigurations and Optimizations Report 875 No Free Redirection Table Entries The switch is already redirecting to a Webcache (4400) or a number of Webcaches (49xx) and there are no more free cache entries in the internal redirection table, therefore Webcache Redirection cannot be enabled to this Webcache. This will result in the following status text being returned to the client browser: Unable to redirect web traffic to this Webcache. There are no free redirection table entries available.
876 Appendix E: REPORT EXAMPLES Web traffic redirection is enabled but there is a problem with the Webcache. The health check has failed and redirection is not being performed. Please consult your Webcache user guide. Unable to Configure Webcache Redirection (1) The redirection status on the switch could not be determined or an error that prevents Webcache Redirection from being enabled has occurred.
Misconfigurations and Optimizations Report 877 whether there is already a restart underway. If the status of this MIB object could not be determined, for example, the community strings have been changed on the Webcache and 3Com Network Director can no longer read from the device. This will result in the following response being returned to the client browser: Unable to determine the current configuration of the Webcache. Webcache Redirection will not take place until the Webcache has been power cycled.
878 Appendix E: REPORT EXAMPLES Redirection report will result in one of the responses below being returned to the client browser. Successful Configuration Successful configuration of the Webcache caching mode will result in the following status text being returned to the client browser: The Webcache proxy mode was successfully changed to Transparent Modeí. It will take around 20 seconds for the changes to take effect. Click the back button to return to the Misconfigurations and Optimizations report.
Misconfigurations and Optimizations Report 879 Unable to determine the current configuration of the Webcache. Webcache Redirection will not take place until the Webcache has been power cycled. Click the back button to return to the Misconfigurations and Optimizations report.
880 Appendix E: REPORT EXAMPLES Limitations Webcache Redirection and VLANs The Webcache Redirection facility on the Switch 4924 will work on any VLAN. However, the Webcache Redirection feature on the Switch 4400 only works on the default VLAN. Redirection on the Cache Port (49XX) When Webcache Redirection is enabled on the Switch 4924, there will be no redirection of traffic from the cache port. The diagram below illustrates this.
Misconfigurations and Optimizations Report 881 Once the webCacheRestartTrafficServer MIB object has been successfully written to and the restart is underway, the client will receive one of responses in the section above from 3Com Network Director. If the traffic server restart fails, the Webcache internal recovery mechanism will attempt to restore the device. 3rd Party Devices Webcache Redirection will only be offered between 3Com devices capable of redirection and 3Com Webcaches.
882 Appendix E: REPORT EXAMPLES If Layer 4 Redirection is not enabled the following sections can be generated: ■ Enable Layer 4 Redirection OR Can't enable Layer 4 Redirection - no free cache entries.
F ADDING TRAP DECODES You can add your own SNMP trap decodes to 3Com Network Director by editing the file: \templates.ini 3Com Network Director reads this file when it starts, and any trap decodes it contains are added to the built-in trap decodes. If any errors are found in the file then an error is displayed, detailing the type and the location of the error in the file, and the trap decodes contained within the file are ignored.
884 APPENDIX F: ADDING TRAP DECODES tab of the More Detail dialog box when launched for an event caused by the receipt of this trap. defines a brief description of the trap that appears in the Description column of the Events window for events caused by the receipt of this trap. defines a more detailed description of the trap. This appears in the Event tab of the More Detail dialog box when launched for an event caused by the receipt of this trap.
885 ■ All of the fields in a trap decode support the use of variables that are replaced in-line when an event is generated for the trap in the following manner: {n} will be replaced with the nth varbind of the trap, where n is numbered from 0 upwards. The Java ChoiceFormat specification is also supported for generating text based upon the nth varbind of the trap, where n is numbered from 0 upwards. Some examples of this format are shown in the a3ComPsePortCurrentStatusTrap example below.
886 APPENDIX F: ADDING TRAP DECODES For example, the following would be valid trap decode definitions: ;a3Com_swModuleVerMismatchNotification [1.3.6.1.4.1.43.47.2.1.0.57] name= a3Com_swModuleVerMismatchNotification description= Unit software version {2} mismatch. Expected version is {1} explanation= This trap is sent when the software versions on two units \ in the stack do not match.
G ADDING MAC ADDRESS VENDOR TRANSLATIONS 3Com Network Director can convert the first six digits of a raw twelve digit MAC address into a vendor name. You can enable this feature by checking the Translate MACs option in the General tab of the Tools > Options dialog box. Network Director includes many hundreds of built-in translations, but you can add your own or edit existing ones, by editing the file: \MAC_Addr.txt Network Director reads this file when it starts.
888 APPENDIX G: ADDING MAC ADDRESS VENDOR TRANSLATIONS The fields are defined as follows: is the first three bytes of the MAC address, in hexadecimal format. For example, 000102 is the vendor’s name. Single spaces are allowed, however two or more consecutive spaces will be interpreted as a separator between the and fields. For example, 3Com-Corporation is valid, but 3Com--Corporation is not (where “-” indicates a space character).
889 For example, the following would be valid trap decode definitions: ;a3Com_swModuleVerMismatchNotification [1.3.6.1.4.1.43.47.2.1.0.57] name= a3Com_swModuleVerMismatchNotification description= Unit software version {2} mismatch. Expected version is {1} explanation= This trap is sent when the software versions on two units \ in the stack do not match.
890 APPENDIX G: ADDING MAC ADDRESS VENDOR TRANSLATIONS
H INTEGRATING AN SSH CLIENT By default, Network Director allows you to launch web and Telnet management against any device which supports these administration interfaces. Network Director also has built-in support for other management applications supported by specific device types (see Chapter 12 for more information). Network Director does not include any default support for devices which support SSH (Secure SHell) administration.
892 APPENDIX H: INTEGRATING AN SSH CLIENT For example, if your client expects to be called using: myClient -ip -verbose, your batch file might contain: myClient -ip %1% -verbose
INDEX Numbers 802.
aggregated links configure 871 alert system components 364 overview 364 tokens 367 alerts 325 attaching to devices and links 366 configuring 366 SNMP trap 369 when phones stop working 768 analog terminal adapter 756 analog terminal card 756 application field values prioritizing network traffic 637 applications prioritizing network traffic 636 attach alerts dialog box 364 authentication 815 automated logging 385 automatic relayout of map 201 autonegotiation configuring 609 available updates live update 819
supported 3Com devices 805 supported devices 841 useful Information and references 805 backups none found 787 bandwidth demand for 392 blocking cannot select server 660 servers 635, 659 broadcast storm control configuring 605 Bulk Configuration 577 bulk configuration examples 612 potential hazards 621 supported devices 619 supported features by device family 619 buttons toolbar, zoom 183 C capacity report 457 cause of high errors 392 change agent version 669 changes network 131 changes report 133, 536 chan
live update 813 map 156 configuration custom 633 device type 633 network wide 633 configuration editor dialog box 580 Configuration report VLANs 533 configuration templates 578 loading and saving 584 summary tree features 581 configuring access rights 596 autonegotiation 609 broadcast storm control 605 IGMP 605 LACP 611 network login 615 port administration 608 port security 606 spanning tree 608 system information 600 trap destinations 601 trusted IP hosts 596 user accounts 612 configuring alerts 366 confi
CSV exporting reports to 456 CSV format exporting events list to 337 custom configuration 633 custom proxy settings live update 812 custom settings 814 D data resolutions 386 data source usage 389 database 391 file format 396 management 398 date backup 790 default browser 814 default location map 207 default VLAN 504 deleted events filter 343 deleting events 335 deleting items and links map 204 demand for bandwidth 392 deploying a group of devices 802 description filter 343 detailed graph dialog box 287 de
configuration source type 793 setup components 792 specify devices to setup 795 specify source backup 794 summary and progress 796 wizard 792 device sizing 96 device table name 668 new 668 not supported 668 SW not available 668 type 668 units 668 device tree 233 aggregated link 235 device 234 IfIndex 235 port 235 unit 234 device type configuration 633 device view about 852 management support matrix 852 supported devices 846 device warranty dialog 483 reporting 491 wizard 484 devices 158 deploying a group 80
Find 192 history view 427 live graphs 280 live update select file groups 817 more detail 286 more details 344 properties 229 launching 230 structure 231 report 458 RMON host view 436 RMON matrix view 445 selection editor 584 threshold settings 356 DiffServ codepoint 630 field 653 directed pings 99 disabled events dialog box 350 disabling and enabling events 349 discovering the NBX voice network 757 discovering the network 91 components 106 discovery clouds 100 device resolution 99 errors and warnings 144 in
live update 821 download settings changing 822 dropping prioritizing network traffic 629 E edit VLANs wizard 552 empty historical report 400 end station icons 161 end-station 230 end-stations not displayed on the map 771 engine live update 812 errors backup, restore and setup 809 event correlation 324 event suppression 325 event system configuration 349 events 319 agent update 673 alerts 325 commenting on 333 configuring the storage of monitoring history 360 critical severity 322 deleting 335 device backup
related to phones 766 related to the NBX call processor 765 resolution 323 severities 321 severity colors 323 SNMP trap-based 321 types 320 undeleting 373 understanding voice-related 765 viewing the unresolved events for a subnet 370 working with 319, 332 events list no events shown 382 events list find dialog box 338 example discovery report 862 examples agent update 674 backup, restore and setup 799 bulk configuration 612 discovery discovery examples 134 generating reports on historical data 392 main wind
deleted events 343 last number of days 342 name 340 resolved 342 severity 341 filter description 343 filter dialog box 339 filter has excluded all events 383 filter status bar 343 filtered view trace path 190 Find dialog box 192 find links search by options 197 finding items items 192 finding links 197 finding NBX telephony components 198 finding on network 192 free ports 457 G Generating Reports On Historical Data 385 Getting Started 35 graph exporting 290 zooming into 291 graphing errors on core switch l
add, delete 429 community string 428 history entries 429 update rate 428 view 428 Host group 405 HostTopN group 405 how backup files are discarded discarding backup files 808 HTTP hazards of blocking 662 I icons 153 device 158 end station 161 network infrastructure 159 subnets 169 telephony solution 160 IfIndex device tree 235 IGMP configuring 605 inconsistent VLAN configuration on link 535 inconsistent VLAN IDs 535 inconsistent VLAN naming 535 information severity 321 internal TFTP server 664 Internet 814
launching NetSet NBX call processor 766 phone or line card 767 launching the threshold settings dialog box 356 license key 48, 53 license required license key 805 line card monitoring 762 link 230 link monitoring 279 link monitors 389 linking items map 204 links finding 197 monitors 389 physical 163 unvalidated 164 live graphs dialog box 280 display 282 menu 285 toolbar 284 tree 281 Live Update 811 live update activity report 825 components 813 connection type 812 direct connection to the Internet 812 downl
M MAC Addresses translation 177 main window 61 features 63 management web 474 managing backup files 807 manual layout of map 201 manually modifying map 202 manually resolving events 334 map adding items 202 automatic relayout 201 components 156 creation 133 default location 207 deleting items and links 204 icons 153 keeping up-to-date 205 linking items 204 manual layout 201 manually modifying 202 modifying the layout 200 navigating to event sources 332 navigation 182 saved maps files associated with 226 sav
files 64, 65 misconfigurations 131 misconfigurations & optimizations report 534 misconfigurations and optimizations report 132, 868 misconfigurations report 534 missing data in RRD database 400 missing information 241 modifying map layout 200 monitor 273 monitoring active monitoring 276 and event generation 274 configuration 293 configuring for a remote office 309 configuring the storage of data 306 controlling type and polling rates 296 disabling on the whole network 308 enabling on core devices 308 exampl
more details dialog box 344 event tab 345 graphs tab 346 trap decode tab 348 N name device table 668 name filter 340 navigating to event sources in the map 332 navigation 182 using the tree 187 NBX telephony components finding 198 voice traffic prioritization 641 NBX applications 756 NBX Call processor launching NetSet 766 NBX call processor 770 events related to 765 examples 768 finding out which is associated with a phone 764 information and references 769 monitoring 761 no correct username/password spec
network login configuring 615 network traffic prioritizing 623 network view ungrouped 158 network-wide configuration 633 new device table 668 no backups found 787 no events in the events list 382 node properties dialog box for 236 nodes 230 non-3Com devices monitoring 279 not supported 805 device table 668 O opening and saving map 206 operating system 859 hardware 860 web browser 859 optimizations 131 options search by 197 options dialog box monitoring tab 305 Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) 177 O
menu 165 plot points showing 290 poll rate active monitors 298 poll rates 293, 298 port device tree 235 port administration configuring 608 port configuration panels 606 port security configuring 606 ports free 457 potential hazards bulk configuration 621 restore and setup 809 primary and secondary IP interfaces 506 printing the events list 338 prioritization reports 638 prioritize network traffic NBX step 633 servers step 635 prioritized servers 635 Prioritizing Network Traffic 623 prioritizing network tra
properties dialog box 229 applying changes to devices 254 cloud 245 device group 245 end-station 241 launching 230 link 247 link to a subnet 250 multiple selection 251 node 236 phone 242 structure 231 supported device 238 tabs 232 tabs for a node 236 tabs for a port 237 tabs for an aggregated link 238 tabs for an IfIndex 237 unsupported device 240 VLANs tab 524 WAN link 249 protocol details button 526 protocol-based VLANs 507 proxy port 815 proxy server 814, 815, 831 proxy settings custom 812 Q queuing pri
backup audit 786 backup summary 785 changes 133, 536 discovery 131 live update activity 825 misconfigurations 534 misconfigurations & optimizations 534 misconfigurations and optimizations 132, 868 restore summary 792 setup summary 798 topology 132, 457 report dialog box 458 Report Examples 861 Report System 453 report wizard add/edit 463 reporting device warranty 491 historical report 386 web management 491 reports agent audit 674 agent update 673 capacity 457 custom 455 device backup 785 disk usage 470 exp
viewing data from the RMON Matrix group 440 viewing host data for a selected device 431 viewing host data for a selected link 433 viewing RMON Matrix data for a selected device 440 viewing RMON matrix data for a selected link 442 what is 404 RMON groups History 404 Host 405 HostTopN 405 Matrix group 406 Statistics 404 RMON host view dialog box community string 437 sort by, rate, stations 438 view 437 RMON matrix view dialog box 445 community string 446 matrix flow 446 stations 446 update rate 445 RMON stati
backup 783 search within the search results 194 search results searching within 194 selecting items map and tree 180 selection editor dialog box 584 serial number 48, 53 server farm 378 server TFTP 664 servers blocking 635, 659 cannot be selected 660 prioritized 635 servers step prioritize network traffic 635 service pack 812 service polling 278 setting thresholds for monitor-based events 356 setup 777 examples 799 summary report 798 severities event 321 severity colors 323 critical 322 high 322 information
protocol support 165 spanning tree 507 configuring 603, 608 fast start 870 starting and stopping monitoring 293 Statistics group 404 status live update 818 submaps 156 clouds 168 subnet 230 subnets 156 icons 169 menu 171 undiscovered 170 summary backup 784 summary report agent update 673 support for RMON 407 supported 3Com devices backup, restore and setup 805 Supported Devices 835, 883, 887, 891 supported devices agent update 676, 841 backup, restore and setup 841 bulk configuration 619 device view 846 rou
configuration 578 device and port selections 579 text displayed in graphs 314 TFTP server 664 third party devices 142 threshold settings dialog box launching 356 thresholds high and warning thresholds 356 scaling to 290 setting for monitor-based events 356 timeouts repeated 678 toolbar buttons 63 events list 329 live graphs 284 RMONView window 414 zoom buttons 183 topology 62 determining 92, 96 report 457 uncertain 167 unknown 100 topology report 132 trace path 188, 537 filtered view 190 wizard 191 traffic
understanding backup files 807 undiscovered subnet 109 undiscovered subnets 170 ungrouped network view 158 unit device tree 234 units device table 668 unknown topology 100 unvalidated links 164 useful information and references backup, restore and setup 805 user accounts configuring 612 username 815, 817 username/password NBX call processor 772 V view data associated with an aggregated link 451 viewing the unresolved events for a subnet 370 viewing VLANs 188 VLANs viewing 499 Visio exporting maps to 208 VL
general concepts 500 guidelines for creating and editing 570 inconsistent VLAN configuration on link 535 inconsistent VLAN IDs 535 inconsistent VLAN naming 535 membership inference 509 options dialog box 521 port-based 502 protocol details button 526 protocol-based 507 restrictions on support 513 routing button 527 show VLANs 514 show VLANs toolbar filter view button 516 interaction with trace path 516 VLAN names 517 standards, protocols, and related reading 569 summary of changes to be made 550 tab for a l
prioritizing network traffic 631 trace path 191 Working with Events 319 working with events 332 working with the map 151 examples 212 X XRN fabric 871 Z zoom 182 buttons 183 zooming graph 291
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