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Feedback Control Basics
Measurements, Setpoints, Errors and Ouputs
To start with, let's define some terms commonly used to describe control systems:
Measurement - This is typically the value of the parameter you are trying to control. It could
be temperature, pressure, speed, position or any other parameter. Before you can control
anything, you have to be able to measure it.
Setpoint - This is the desired value for the parameter you are trying to control.
Error - This is the difference between the desired value and the measured value.
Output - This is a value calculated based on the error. It is fed back into the system to
'correct' the error and bring the measurement closer to the setpoint.
There are many ways in which the output value can be calculated. We'll discuss a few of the more
common ones.
Types of Control
There are many ways in which the output value can be calculated. We'll discuss a few of the more
common ones.
On/Off Control
In this type of control, the only values for the output are ON or OFF. This is how the thermostat in
your house works. If the measured temperature is below the setpoint temperature, it turns on the