Serial Attached SCSI 58300, 48300, 44300 HostRAID Controllers Installation and User’s Guide
● 2 Copyright ©2006 Adaptec, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of Adaptec, Inc., 691 South Milpitas Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035. Trademarks Adaptec, Adaptec Storage Manager, and the Adaptec logo are trademarks of Adaptec, Inc., which may be registered in some jurisdictions.
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Contents About This Guide What You Need to Know Before You Begin ................................................... 11 Terminology Used in this Guide ...................................................................... 11 How to Find More Information....................................................................... 11 About Your HostRAID Controller HostRAID Controller Features ........................................................................ 13 Array Level Features ..........................
Contents ● 7 Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives Before You Begin............................................................................................... 24 Installing the HostRAID Controller................................................................. 24 Connecting Disk Drives to HostRAID Controllers......................................... 25 Connecting Directly to the HostRAID Controller.................................... 25 Connecting to a System Backplane .................
Contents ● 8 Understanding Adaptec Storage Manager Features.............................................................................................................. 45 Overview............................................................................................................ 45 Physical Devices View................................................................................. 46 Logical Devices View ..................................................................................
Contents ● 9 Using the ARC Utility Introduction to the ARC Utility....................................................................... 63 Running the ARC Utility .................................................................................. 63 Creating and Managing Arrays ........................................................................ 63 Creating a New Array ................................................................................. 63 Managing Arrays................................
About This Guide 1 In this chapter... What You Need to Know Before You Begin .......................................................................... 11 Terminology Used in this Guide............................................................................................ 11 How to Find More Information ............................................................................................
Chapter 1: About This Guide ● 11 What You Need to Know Before You Begin You should be familiar with computer hardware, data storage, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) technology, and the input/output (I/O) technology—SAS—used by your HostRAID controller. (For an introduction to SAS, see page 52.) You should also be familiar with Direct Attached Storage (DAS) and Storage Area Network (SAN) concepts and technology.
About Your HostRAID Controller 2 In this chapter... HostRAID Controller Features.............................................................................................. 13 Upgrading the HostRAID Controller Firmware................................................................... 13 About the Adaptec SAS 58300 Controller............................................................................. 14 About the Adaptec SAS 48300 Controller.............................................................
Chapter 2: About Your HostRAID Controller ● 13 HostRAID Controller Features ● Flash ROM for updates to controller firmware Adaptec Flash Utility (AFU), BIOS, and the Array Configuration Utility (ACU). ● Event logging and broadcasting, including messaging for alphanumeric pagers. ● Support for Adaptec Metadata Format (AMF) allowing the migration of simple volumes and arrays to Adaptec RAID controller cards.
Chapter 2: About Your HostRAID Controller ● 14 About the Adaptec SAS 58300 Controller The Adaptec SAS 58300 is a low-profile PCI-X to 8-Phy SAS 1.0 HostRAID controller with these features: External miniSAS Connectors J1 (LED Connector) 3.3V PCI-X Connector Mounting bracket Form factor Low-profile PCI compatibility PCI-X PCI bus width (max) 64-bit PCI bus speed (max) 133 MHz PHYs 8 Connectors, external 2 x4 external SFF 8088 (miniSAS) miniSAS 1.
Chapter 2: About Your HostRAID Controller ● About the Adaptec SAS 48300 Controller The Adaptec SAS 48300 is a low-profile PCI-X to 8-Phy SAS 1.0 HostRAID controller with these features: External SAS Connector J1 (LED Connector) Internal SAS Connector 3.3 V PCI-X Connector Mounting bracket Form factor Low-profile PCI compatibility PCI-X PCI bus width (max) 64-bit PCI bus speed (max) 133 MHz PHYs 8 Connectors, internal 1 x4 internal SFF-8484 SAS 1.
Chapter 2: About Your HostRAID Controller ● 16 About the Adaptec SAS 44300 Controller The Adaptec SAS 44300 is a low-profile PCI-X to 4-Phy SAS 1.0 HostRAID controller with these features: Internal SAS Connector J1 (LED Connector) 3.3V PCI-X Connector Mounting bracket Form factor Low-profile PCI compatibility PCI-X PCI bus width (max) 64-bit PCI bus speed (max) 133 MHz PHYs 4 Connectors, internal 1 x4 internal SFF-8484 SAS 1.
Kit Contents and System Requirements 3 In this chapter... Kit Contents............................................................................................................................ 18 System Requirements ............................................................................................................. 18 This chapter lists the contents of your HostRAID controller kit and the system requirements that must be met for you to successfully install and use your controller.
Chapter 3: Kit Contents and System Requirements ● 18 Kit Contents ● Adaptec SAS HostRAID controller ● HostRAID Installation CD (bootable), including controller drivers, and this Guide ● Adaptec Storage Manager Installation CD (not bootable), including user guides for Adaptec Storage Manager and the Adaptec HRCONF (HostRAID Configuration) command line utility ● Readme Files ● Cables (type and quantity vary for cable information about your HostRAID controller, see Selecting Cables on page 20) ●
Getting Started 4 In this chapter... Choosing a RAID Level.......................................................................................................... 20 Selecting Disk Drives.............................................................................................................. 20 Selecting Cables ...................................................................................................................... 20 Installation Options ..............................................
Chapter 4: Getting Started ● 20 Choosing a RAID Level This section provides a brief overview of the RAID levels supported by your HostRAID controller, including the minimum and maximum number of disk drives required by each. RAID 0 (Non-redundant Array)—Stripes data across multiple disk drives. Improved performance but no redundancy (see page 60). RAID 1 Array—Created from two disk drives where one disk drive is a mirror of the other (the same data is stored on each disk drive).
Chapter 4: Getting Started ● 21 Depending on your requirements, you can use any of these cables: Internal fan-out cable SAS Mini external cable Adaptec recommends using only Adaptec SAS cables. For more information or to purchase cables, visit the Adaptec Web site at www.adaptec.com. Installation Options When you install your HostRAID controller, you can choose to create a bootable array and then install your operating system and the controller driver on that array.
Chapter 4: Getting Started ● 22 Installing on an Existing Operating System 1 Install and connect your controller and internal disk drives (see page 23). If your controller has an external connector, you can connect external disk drives as well (or instead). 2 Install the controller driver (see page 38). 3 Install Adaptec Storage Manager and begin to manage your data storage (see page 41).
Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives 5 In this chapter... Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 24 Installing the HostRAID Controller ...................................................................................... 24 Connecting Disk Drives to HostRAID Controllers .............................................................. 25 Next Steps ...................................................
Chapter 5: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives ● 24 Before You Begin ● Read the Safety Information on page 77. ● Familiarize yourself with your HostRAID controller’s physical features and the RAID levels that it supports (see page 12). ● Ensure that you have the right quantity of disk drives for the RAID level you want to use for your arrays (see page 58). ● Ensure that you have the proper cables for your controller and disk drives (see page 12).
Chapter 5: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives ● 25 Connecting Disk Drives to HostRAID Controllers You can connect SAS disk drives, SATA disk drives, or a combination of both to your HostRAID controller. There are no jumpers or switches to set before installation. If you plan to build a bootable array using internal disk drives, ensure you install at least the minimum number disk drives required to support the RAID level you want. See page 58 for more information.
Chapter 5: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives ● 26 Connecting to a System Backplane In a backplane connection, disk drives and SAS cards are attached to and communicate with each other through a system backplane. The number of disk drives is limited to the number of slots available on the backplane. Some backplanes have embedded SAS expanders and can support up to 128 end devices. (For more information about backplane and expander connections, see page 27.
Chapter 5: Installing the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives ● 27 Installing the Controller to a SAS Expander You can use a SAS edge expander to connect multiple disk drives to your HostRAID controller or multiple controllers. Commands can be sent down one link and data returned on another in a separate connection to increase fault tolerance. Using a SAS expander and dual-port SAS drives and SATA drives with 2-port adapters, you can design redundant systems for maximum fault-tolerance.
Creating a Bootable Array 6 In this chapter... Setting the Boot Controller.................................................................................................... 29 Creating an Array ................................................................................................................... 29 Creating an Array with the ACU ........................................................................................... 29 Creating an Array with Adaptec Storage Manager .....................
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array ● 29 Setting the Boot Controller Note: If your system won't contain more than one bootable controllers, skip this section. Adaptec HostRAID controller supports bootable disk drives and arrays. The default setting of the HostRAID controller and system Setup allows you to install and boot from either a disk drive connected to the motherboard, or from a drive or array connected to the HostRAID controller.
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array ● 30 Creating an Array with Adaptec Storage Manager This section describes how to use the Adaptec Storage Manager configuration wizard to build a RAID 0, 1, or 10 array. Note: You will need the HostRAID Installation CD to complete this task. To create a RAID 0, 1, or 10 array: 1 Insert the HostRAID Installation CD into your CD drive, then restart your computer. 2 When prompted, select the language you want, then press Enter.
Chapter 6: Creating a Bootable Array 7 ● 31 Review the information that is displayed. Note: Adaptec Storage Manager uses the term logical drives when referring to arrays (see page 11). In the following figure, Adaptec Storage Manager has used two equal-sized disk drives to automatically create one logical drive with RAID 1. To specify a size for the logical drives, or to make other changes to the configuration, click Modify logical devices.
Installing the Driver and an Operating System 7 In this chapter... Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 33 Creating a Driver Disk ........................................................................................................... 33 Installing with Windows ........................................................................................................ 33 Installing with Red Hat Linux .........
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 33 Before You Begin ● Install and connect your HostRAID controller and internal disk drives (see page 23). ● Create a bootable array (see page 28). ● Create a driver disk (see next section). Creating a Driver Disk Before you install your driver, you will need to create a driver disk. You will need a floppy disk to complete this task. To create a driver disk: 1 Set your system BIOS so that your computer boots from the CD drive.
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System 4 Insert the driver disk, then wait until you are prompted to install a driver. 5 Press S to specify that the driver is on a floppy disk, then press Enter. ● 34 The computer reads the disk. 6 When the Adaptec SAS driver is found, press Enter. 7 Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation. 8 Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 41.
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 35 Installing with NetWare You will need your NetWare Installation CD to complete this task. To install the driver when installing NetWare: 1 Restart your computer, then install NetWare. (For instructions, refer to your NetWare documentation.) To be able to load additional drivers later, select Manual install mode during the first part of the installation.
Chapter 7: Installing the Driver and an Operating System ● 36 Installing with SCO OpenServer You will need the SCO OpenServer CD to complete this task. To install the driver when installing OpenServer: 1 Insert the OpenServer Installation CD. 2 Restart your computer. 3 Follow the on-screen instructions to begin the OpenServer installation. 4 When prompted to load more HBA drivers, insert the driver disk, then select Yes. (To load more HBA drivers, repeat this step.
Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System 8 In this chapter... Before You Begin .................................................................................................................... 38 Creating a Driver Disk ........................................................................................................... 38 Installing on Windows ...........................................................................................................
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System ● 38 Before You Begin Before you begin, install and connect your HostRAID controller and internal disk drives (see page 23). You must also create a driver disk (see next section) before you begin installing the controller driver. Creating a Driver Disk Before you install your driver, you will need to create a driver disk. You will need a floppy disk to complete this task.
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System 4 Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the driver installation. 5 Remove the driver disk and restart your computer. 6 Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on page 41.
Chapter 8: Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System Installing with SCO OpenServer To install the driver on OpenServer: 1 Start your computer, then insert the driver disk. 2 Begin the driver package installer: # pkgadd -d diskette1 OR # pkgadd -d diskette1 adp94xx 3 At the installer prompt, type go. 4 Select 1 for the aacraid package. 5 When the installation is complete, select q to quit the installer. 6 Reboot your computer and remove the driver disk.
Managing Your Storage Space 9 In this chapter... About Adaptec Storage Manager........................................................................................... 42 Installing Adaptec Storage Manager...................................................................................... 42 About the HRCONF Command Line Utility........................................................................ 42 About the ARC Utility..............................................................................
Chapter 9: Managing Your Storage Space ● 42 About Adaptec Storage Manager Adaptec Storage Manager is a full-featured software application that helps you build a storage space for your online data, using HostRAID controllers and disk drives. With Adaptec Storage Manager, you can group disk drives into logical drives and build in redundancy to protect your data and improve system performance.
Chapter 9: Managing Your Storage Space ● 43 About the ARC Utility The Adaptec RAID Configuration (ARC) utility is a BIOS-based utility that you can use to create and manage controllers, disk drives and other devices, and arrays. The ARC utility comprises these tools: ● Array Configuration Utility (ACU)—For creating and managing arrays, and initializing and rescanning disk drives. ● SerialSelect Utility—Used to change device and HostRAID controller settings.
Understanding Adaptec Storage Manager 10 In this chapter... Features ................................................................................................................................... 45 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 45 Changing How Drives are Displayed..................................................................................... 46 Collapsed and Expanded Views.............
Chapter 10: Understanding Adaptec Storage Manager ● 45 Features You can use Adaptec Storage Manager to: ● Create, verify, modify, and delete arrays ● Add and remove hot spares ● View the RAID configuration ● View information about managed systems and subsystems such as arrays, logical drives, hot-spare drives, physical drives ● Notify systems of all events occurring on the local system ● Add or remove a remote system Overview Adaptec Storage Manager provides an expandable tree view of the sys
Chapter 10: Understanding Adaptec Storage Manager ● 46 Physical Devices View This view displays information about the drives, enclosures, and other physical devices attached to the controller. The devices are organized numerically. The display for each channel or port includes information on maximum speed, the number of the channels on the controller, and the number of devices attached to the controller.
Chapter 10: Understanding Adaptec Storage Manager ● 47 Collapsed and Expanded Views You can display a collapsed or expanded view of the system configuration. Initially, Storage Manager displays a collapsed textual view of the configuration information in both the Logical devices and Physical devices views. In the Logical devices view... Click to expand and collapse information about disk groups and logical devices.
Chapter 10: Understanding Adaptec Storage Manager ● 48 Component Views When you click a physical or logical device in the device views, the related components are highlighted in the other view. ● When you click a logical device in the Logical devices view, the physical drives that make up the logical device are highlighted in the Physical devices view, and vice-versa. ● When you click a hot spare, the logical devices protected by that spare are highlighted.
Solving Problems 11 In this chapter... Troubleshooting Checklist ..................................................................................................... 50 Recovering from a Disk Drive Failure ................................................................................... 50 This chapter provides basic troubleshooting information and solutions for solving your HostRAID controller problems.
Chapter 11: Solving Problems ● 50 Troubleshooting Checklist If you encounter difficulties installing or using your HostRAID controller, check these items first: ● With your computer powered off, check the connections to each disk drive, the power supply, the LED connector, and so on. ● Try disconnecting and reconnecting disk drives from the HostRAID controller. ● Check that your HostRAID controller is installed in a compatible expansion slot (PCI-X).
Chapter 11: Solving Problems ● 51 Failed Disk Drive Not Protected by a Hot Spare When an array is not protected by a hot spare, if a disk drive in that array fails, remove and replace the failed disk drive. The controller detects the new disk drive and begins to rebuild the array. If the controller fails to rebuild the array, check that the cables, disk drives, and controllers are properly installed and connected. Then, if necessary, use Adaptec Storage Manager to rebuild the array.
Introduction to SAS A In this chapter... Terminology Used in This Chapter ....................................................................................... 53 What is SAS? ........................................................................................................................... 53 How Do SAS Devices Communicate? ................................................................................... 53 What’s a Phy? .......................................................................
Appendix A: Introduction to SAS ● 53 Terminology Used in This Chapter For convenience, SAS HostRAID controllers are referred to generically in this chapter as SAS cards. HBAs, HostRAID controllers, disk drives, and external disk drive enclosures are referred to as end devices and expanders are referred to as expander devices. For convenience, this chapter refers to end devices and expander devices collectively as SAS devices.
Appendix A: Introduction to SAS ● 54 As shown in the following figure, SAS devices contain ports which contain phys (see next section), and each phy contains one transmitter and one receiver—one transceiver. A phy can belong to one port only.
Appendix A: Introduction to SAS ● 55 What’s a SAS Address? Each SAS port is identified with a unique SAS address, which is shared by all phys on that port. For example, a SAS disk drive might have two narrow ports. Each port has one unique SAS address. The single phy in each port uses its port’s SAS address. In another example, a SAS device might have one 4-wide port. That port has one SAS address, which is shared by all four phys in the port.
Appendix A: Introduction to SAS ● 56 Direct-attach Connections In a direct-attach connection, SAS or SATA disk drives are connected directly to a SAS card with SAS cables. One disk drive is attached to one SAS connector with one SAS cable (or multiple disk drives are attached to one SAS connector with one fan-out cable). The figure on page 25 shows an example of direct-attach connections. The number of direct-attached disk drives is limited to the number of phys supported by the SAS card.
Appendix A: Introduction to SAS ● 57 The following figure illustrates (in very basic terms) a SAS domain and shows how SAS cards, SAS and SATA disk drives, and expander devices can fit together in a large data storage topology.
Understanding RAID B In this chapter... RAID Technology Overview .................................................................................................. 59 RAID 0 (Non-RAID Arrays).................................................................................................. 60 RAID 1 Arrays ........................................................................................................................ 61 RAID 10 Arrays ...............................................................
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 59 RAID Technology Overview RAID is the technology of grouping several physical drives in a computer into an array that you can define as one or more logical drives. Each logical drive appears to the operating system as a single drive. This grouping technique greatly enhances logical-drive capacity and performance beyond the physical limitations of a single physical drive.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 60 When selecting a RAID level for your system, consider the following factors.
Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 61 RAID 1 Arrays A RAID 1 array is built from two disk drives, where one disk drive is a mirror of the other (the same data is stored on each disk drive). Compared to independent disk drives, RAID 1 arrays provide improved performance, with twice the read rate and an equal write rate of single disks. However, capacity is only 50 percent of independent disk drives.
Using the ARC Utility C In this chapter... Introduction to the ARC Utility ............................................................................................ 63 Running the ARC Utility........................................................................................................ 63 Creating and Managing Arrays.............................................................................................. 63 Using SerialSelect ..............................................................
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility ● 63 Introduction to the ARC Utility The ARC utility comprises these tools: ● The Array Configuration Utility (ACU)—Used to create, configure, and manage arrays, and initialize and rescan disk drives. ● SerialSelect Utility—Used to change device and HostRAID controller settings. ● Disk Utilities—Used to format or verify disk drives (see page 69).
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility ● 64 To assign properties to the new array: 1 In the Array Properties menu, select an array type, then press Enter. Only the available array types, RAID 0, 1, and 10 are displayed. RAID 0 and 1 requires two to four drives. RAID 10 requires a minimum of four disk drives. 2 Optional: Type a label of no more than 15 characters for the array, then press Enter. 3 For RAID 0, select the desired stripe size. Available stripe sizes are 16, 32, and 64 KB (default).
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility 5 ● 65 ● When migrating from single volume to RAID 0, migrating from a larger drive to a smaller drive is allowed. However, the destination drive must be at least half the capacity of the source drive. ● It is not recommend that you migrate or build an array on Windows dynamic disks (volumes), as it will result in data loss. When you are finished, press Done.
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility ● 66 Deleting Arrays ! Caution: Back up the data on an array before you delete it. Otherwise, all data on the array is lost. Deleted arrays cannot be restored. To delete an existing array: 1 From the ACU menu, select Manage Arrays. 2 Select the array you wish to delete, then press Delete. 3 In the Array Properties dialog box, select Delete, then press Enter.
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility ● 67 Managing Bootable Arrays and Devices Select the Manager Boot Unit option to add or remove a bootable array or single drive. 1 From the ACU menu, select Manage Boot Unit. 2 Use the up and down arrow keys to highlight the array or single drive you want to designate as a bootable device, then select Insert>Enter. Configuring Disk Drives ! Caution: ● If the drive is used in an array, you may not be able to use the array again.
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility 7 ● 68 At the prompt, select Yes to exit, then press any key to restart the computer. Any changes you made in SerialSelect take effect after the computer restarts. SerialSelect Options The following table lists the available and default settings for each SerialSelect option and the description of each option. The default settings are appropriate for most systems and appear in bold type in the table. Adaptec recommends that you do not change the settings.
Appendix C: Using the ARC Utility SerialSelect Options Available Settings Description Device ID None Displays device ID Controller Serial Number None Displays controller serial number Controller WWN None Displays the controller WWN ● 69 Formatting and Verifying Disk Drives You can use the disk utilities to low-level format or verify your disk drives. (New disk drives are low-level formatted at the factory and do not need to be low-level formatted again.
Using the AFU for DOS D In this chapter... Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 71 Running the AFU from the GUI............................................................................................ 71 Running the AFU from the Command Line......................................................................... 72 AFU Command Line – Step-by-Step ........................................................
Appendix D: Using the AFU for DOS ● 71 Introduction The AFU is a DOS utility used to update, save, or verify the HostRAID controller’s firmware BIOS. The AFU is easy to use and contains safeguards to prevent you from accidentally damaging the HostRAID controller’s flash contents. Still, you must be careful to use the AFU correctly, otherwise, you could render the HostRAID controller inoperable.
Appendix D: Using the AFU for DOS ● 72 To access the AFU: 1 Shut down your operating system and reboot to DOS from a bootable MS-DOS floppy disk or from a DOS partition on a bootable drive. (You can use the drive connected to the HostRAID controller you are updating.) Note: When updating the HostRAID controller flash, controller activity is not possible. Before you can use the HostRAID controller again, complete the flash operation and restart the computer.
Appendix D: Using the AFU for DOS ● 73 SAVE The SAVE command saves the contents of a HostRAID controller’s flash in a UFI file. The name of the UFI file is based on the HostRAID controller type and cannot be changed.
Appendix D: Using the AFU for DOS ● 74 UPDATE The UPDATE command updates a HostRAID controller’s flash components from the flash image data in a UFI file. You can use the UPDATE command to update a single HostRAID controller’s flash components or to update multiple HostRAID controllers on your computer. You must restart the computer following an UPDATE command.
Appendix D: Using the AFU for DOS ● Example The following example shows a typical system response after a VERIFY command has been performed: A:\> AFU VERIFY /C 0 Adaptec Flash Utility V1.0-0 B1406 (c)Adaptec Inc. 1999–2005. All Rights Reserved.
Appendix D: Using the AFU for DOS 5 ● 76 If you have multiple HostRAID controllers only—At the DOS prompt, type afu list, then press Enter. This command displays the Adaptec SAS HostRAID controllers in your system. Note the HostRAID controller number for the controller you want to update; you may need it in Step 6 to perform the update.
Safety Information E To ensure your personal safety and the safety of your equipment: ● Keep your work area and the computer clean and clear of debris. ● Before opening the system cabinet, unplug the power cord. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) ! Caution: ESD can damage electronic components when they are improperly handled, and can result in total or intermittent failures. Always follow ESD-prevention procedures when removing and replacing components.
Technical Specifications F In this chapter... Environmental Specifications................................................................................................ 79 DC Power Requirements........................................................................................................ 79 Current Requirements............................................................................................................
Appendix F: Technical Specifications Environmental Specifications Relative humidity 10% to 90%, noncondensing Altitude up to 3,000 meters Note: Forced airflow is recommended, but not required. DC Power Requirements Ripple and noise 50 mV peak-to-peak (max) DC Voltage 3.3 V ± 10% Current Requirements Adaptec Model Maximum Current (A) ASC-58300 0.56A ASC-48300 1.322A ASC-44300 .
Glossary A activity See task. ACU Array Configuration Utility. An application used to create, configure, and manage arrays from the controller’s BIOS or MS-DOS. array A logical disk created from available space and made up of one or more segments on one or more physical disks. Arrays are typically used to provide data redundancy or enhanced I/O performance. See volume, spanned volume, RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 10. Also known as a container. array initialization See configure. ATA AT Bus Attachment.
Glossary ● 89 build Background initialization of a redundant array. The array is accessible throughout. RAID 1 copies the contents of the primary drive to a secondary drive. See clear. bus See channel. C cache Fast-access memory on the controller that serves as intermediate storage for data that is read from, or written to, drives. capacity Total usable space available in megabytes or gigabytes.
Glossary ● 90 disk ID Unique disk identifier that consists of the channel number, SATA ID. For example, (channel:ID:LUN) 1:04:0. See channel. drive LED Disk indicator LED that illuminates during read or write operations. E event Notification or alert from the system, indicating that a change has occurred. event log File used to maintain information about prior controller activities or errors. event notification Process for transmitting events.
Glossary ● 91 L legacy disk Disk that contained a valid partition table when connected to the controller. The controller manages the disk as a legacy disk array where there is a one-to-one logical-to-physical mapping of array to disk. logical device Volume comprised of space from one or more physical drives and presented to the operating system as if it were a single storage unit. low-level format Process performed by the drive firmware that completely cleans any data off the hard disk.
Glossary ● 92 R RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks (alternative definition Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks). RAID 0 A single-level array consisting of two or more equal-sized segments residing on different disks. RAID 0 distributes data evenly across its respective drives in equal-sized sections called stripes. RAID 0 arrays are not redundant. RAID 1 Single-level array consisting of two equal segments residing on two different drives.
Glossary ● 93 stripe size The amount of data in each section of a striped array. striped array See RAID 0, RAID 10. T task An operation that occurs only on the RAID controller, asynchronous to all other operations; for example, initializing a disk or verifying an array. Some tasks can take an extended period of time, particularly if the RAID controller is also performing intensive data I/O while the task is running. V verify Low-level check that a drive, logical device, or hot spare is good.
Index installing on Windows 38 A ACU creating arrays 63 Adaptec Flash Utility. See AFU Adaptec RAID Configuration Utility. See HRCONF Adaptec Storage Manager installing 42 AFU 43 Array Configuration Utility. See ACU arrays creating (ACU) 63 non-RAID 60 RAID 1 61 RAID 10 61 E B H backplane connections 26, 56 hard disk, hard disk drive, hard drive.
Index P performance tuning selecting a RAID level 60 stripe-unit size 59 phys 54 R RAID definition 59 performance tuning 60 RAID 0 60 RAID 1 61 RAID 10 61 recovering from disk drive failure Red Hat driver installation 39 Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
Adaptec, Inc. 691 South Milpitas Boulevard Milpitas, CA 95035 USA ©2006 Adaptec, Inc. All rights reserved. Adaptec and the Adaptec logo are trademarks of Adaptec, Inc. which may be registered in some jurisdictions. Part Number: CDP-00138-01-A, Rev.
