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Important Note Using modern RAID Systems significantly increases data security and availability. Under no circumstances does it relieve you from a careful and daily backup on tape or a similar backup media. This is the only method to protect your valuable data against total loss (e.g., through fire or theft), accidental deletion, or any other destroying impacts.
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, 8VLQJ ,%0 26 9HUVLRQ [ DQG :DUS After having exposed the installation of the ICP Controller in chapters B and C as well as that of the host-drives, we would now like to give you some hints and pieces of advice on how to install IBM's operating system OS/2 Versions 2.x and Warp. Furthermore, we explain how to install a CD-ROM drive (representatively standing for any other Not Direct Access Device) under OS/2.
BASEDEV=GDTX000.ADD /V and that the driver GDTX000.ADD is either in the OS/2 or the root directory: GDTX000.ADD \OS2\GDTX000.ADD or If this line is missing you have to add it to your CONFIG.SYS file. If the GDT driver GDTX000.ADD is not in the OS/2 or root directory, copy it there. , 8VLQJ D &' 520 'ULYH XQGHU 26 If OS/2 has been installed from an OS/2 CD, you may skip this chapter as well as chapters I.4.1 and I.4.2.
, &RPPDQG /LQH 6ZLWFKHV RI *'7; $'' The GDTX000.ADD driver can be configured with the following command line switches. The names of the switches are IBM OS/2 compliant. The descriptions given in brackets ([,]) are optional. The "!" inverts the following function. %$6('(9 *'7; $'' > 9@ > $ G@ > > @'0 @ > > @60 @ > > @$0 @ > 126&$1@ > > @87@ >5 @ 9 Verbose (only possible as first parameter) Display logo/error messages on screen.
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,, 8VLQJ 6&2 81,; 9 After having explained in chapters B and C the installation of the ICP Controller as well as that of the Host Drives, we would now like to give you a few hints regarding the installation of the operating systems SCO UNIX V/386 3.2v4.x, 3.2v5.x (Open Server) For successful installation, it is essential to read the SCO system manuals thoroughly.
When using 3.2v4.x or 3.2v5.x, you have the option to link the driver to the kernel before starting the kernel (btld (ADM)). This will allow you to use the ICP Controller as the only controller in the system. Use the GDT BTLD Disk. During the installation, whenever the N1 floppy disk is inserted and the message Boot : is displayed, do not press immediately, but type in link . The system will then prompt you for the name of the BTLD driver. Now type in gdth.
81,; 7DUJHW ,' DQG /81 Target-IDs 0 and 1 with LUN 0 to 7 are reserved for "Direct Access Devices" (devices behaving like a hard disk or a removable hard and therefore configurable with GDTSETUP). There is a correlation between the Host Drive number GDTSETUP assigns (menu Configure Host Drives), and the assigned target-ID and LUN: Host-Drive Number = 8 * Target-ID + LUN The Host Drive number is the number the drive is given in the list of available Host Drives in the GDTSETUP program.
drive (it had previously been selected as boot drive because it has the lowest drive number, that is, 0, and is therefore the first drive to be communicated to the system ). Target ID and LUN of "Not Direct Access Devices" (devices such as streamers, tapes, CDROMS, etc., not configurable with GDTSETUP) are determined on the basis of the SCSI-ID and the SCSI channel used by the ICP Controller. These devices can only be configured with SCSI-IDs 2 to 6.
,, ,QVWUXFWLRQV RQ PNGHY $'0 IRU Y [ 2SHQ 6HU YHU Whenever the program mkdev hd (ADM) is started, you will be asked for the coordinates of the device you wish to install. The driver does not automatically display all devices connected, so after the installation you will find a tool named GDTSCAN in the directory '/etc'. The scanning can take up to several seconds, especially when there is more than one controller in the system.
5HVXOW HA 0 Bus 0 Target-ID 0 LUN 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Device 1st hard disk, Host Drive no. 0 (boot drive) Streamer CD-ROM hard disk, Host Drive no. 0 hard disk, Host Drive no. 1 DAT hard disk, Host Drive no.2 Important Note: ‘Not Direct Access Devices’ must not be connected to Bus 0, Target-ID 0, LUN 0. This is reserved for the boot device under SCO Unix 3.2V5.0 ,, )XUWKHU ,QIRUPDWLRQ From version 4.x of SCO UNIX V/386 3.
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,,, 8VLQJ ,QWHUDFWLYH 81,; After having explained the installation of the GDT Host Drive in chapters B and C as well as that of the Host Drives, we would now like to give you a few hints regarding the installation of the operating systems Interactive UNIX V/386 3.2v3 and 3.2v4. For successful installation, it is essential to read the Interactive system manuals thoroughly.
(GDTSETUP menu option Configure Host Drives). Now you can start the installation procedure. During installation, a GDT driver corresponding to the IRQ used by the ICP Controller has to be selected. As discussed in chapter B of this user’s manual, the PCI System BIOS automatically assigns an IRQ to a PCI INT. The IRQ used by a ICP Controller is displayed by the GDT BIOS after a cold boot.
Therefore, the first Host Drive has target-ID 0 / LUN 0 and the second target-ID 0 / LUN 1.
numbers in GDTSETUP. Target ID and LUN of "Not Direct Access Devices" (devices such as streamers, tapes, CD-ROMS, etc., not configurable with GDTSETUP) must be determined on the basis of the SCSI-ID and the SCSI channel used by the ICP Controller. These devices can only be configured with SCSI-IDs 2 to 6. SCSI-ID 0 and 1 are reserved for hard disks, SCSI-ID 7 for the ICP Controller.
,,, )XUWKHU ,QIRUPDWLRQ During the installation of the GDT driver, additional tools are copied into the /etc directory. Before you can use them you have to create a special device file named /dev/rgdth by means of "link"; this device file has to be placed on a device of a GDT Host Drive. For example, on ICP Controller 0 we have the Host Drive 1 which is HA 0, Target-ID 0, LUN 1 under Interactive Unix.
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,9 8VLQJ 8QL[:DUH After having exposed the installation of the ICP Controller as well as that of the Host Drives in chapters B and C, we would now like to give you some hints and pieces of advice on how to install the operating system UnixWare version 2.x. ,9 7UDQVSDUHQF\ RI +RVW 'ULYHV The structure of the Host Drives, which have been installed with GDTSETUP (in chapter C), is not known to UNIX. I.e.
,9 *'7 DV DQ DGGLWLRQDO &RQWUROOHU We distinguish two cases. a.) No ICP Controller has been configured for UnixWare yet. In this case, the GDT driver must be installed from the GDT UnixWare BTLD-Disk by means of the UnixWare desktop and the options "System Setup", "Application Setup". Alternatively, this procedure can be carried out from the UnixWare shell: "pkgadd -d /dev/dsk/f0t" (GDT driver disk in drive 0). b.) A ICP Controller has already been configured for UnixWare.
5HVXOW HA 0 Bus 0 Target-ID 0 LUN 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Device 1st hard disk, Host Drive no. 0 (boot drive) Streamer CD-ROM hard disk, Host Drive no. 0 hard disk, Host Drive no. 1 DAT hard disk, Host Drive no.2 ,9 )XUWKHU ,QIRUPDWLRQ During the installation of the GDT driver, additional tools are copied into the /etc directory.
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9 *'76(783 LQ 'HWDLO We refer to firmware as the operating system which controls the ICP Controller with all its functions and capabilities. The firmware exclusively runs on the ICP Controller and is stored in the Flash-RAM on the ICP Controller PCB. The controlling function is entirely independent of the PCI computer and the host operating system installed (for example UNIX), and does not "drain" any computing power or time from the PCI computer.
change the whole ICP Controller and the channels, IDs, without loosing the data and the information on a specific disk array. /HYHO On this level of hierarchy, the firmware forms the Array Drives.
9 +RVW 'ULYH 7\SHV LQ 5$,'<1( The following summary gives you an overview of all Host Drive types you can create with the GDT firmware. The ICP Controller can simultaneously control several Host Drives of most various types.
GDTSETUP loaded from the ICP Controller's Flash-RAM after switching on the computer GDTSETUP loaded from disk under MS-DOS. The header of the GDTSETUP program indicates with a letter after the version number, whether GDTSETUP was loaded from disk or from Flash-RAM: "R" for GDTSETUP loaded from the Flash-RAM after switching on the computer "D" for GDTSETUP loaded from Disk, i.e., under MS-DOS.
After selecting Configure Host Drives and Create new Host Drive, GDTSETUP scans the system for ICP Controllers and "free" hard disks (i.e., drives which are not yet logical drives or Host Drives or part of Array Drives).
Select with the bar the hard disks you want to integrate into the new Host Drive. Depending on the number of selected drives in the Choose Type windows all possible Host Drive configurations are high-lighted. Press . You may select the desired Host Drive type. In our example select RAID5 and press .
That's it! As you can see from the next picture, the RAID5 Array Drive has been fully automatically configured. It is in the build state. Press several times to get detailed information on the Array Drive's configuration and components.
Press several times to leave GDTSETUP. A new screen comes up giving you detailed progress information on the build process. As you can see, there are already 6% of the build process completed. If you press GDTSETUP warns you that the array is not yet redundant.
Pressing again brings up the following screen, telling you the system needs a reboot to recognize the new Host Drive(s). 9 6HOHFW &RQWUROOHU If there are more GDT RD Series controllers in the PCI computer, Select Controller lets you select the controller where you can apply all of the following GDTSETUP choices to. The currently selected controller is displayed on the lower left side of the screen. Below "Position", the PCI Slot number is displayed.
on the firmware installed. After a cold boot of the PCI computer, the controllers are recognized and initialized in the order of this list. 9 &RQILJXUH &RQWUROOHU After pressing and the Advanced Setup allows to select the Configure Controller menu option. Press .
9 &RQWUROOHU 6HWWLQJV (To change a setting, move the cursor keys n and p to the field and press . Note: In order to obtain the full performance of your ICP Controller, it is very important that the Delayed Write function is 2Q, too. If you find a different setting, we recommend changing it now.
Function (*) Cache On (*) Delayed Write On BIOS BIOS Warning Level Supported BIOS drives Memory Test SCSI-ID SCSI Termination (*) Possible Settings On, Off On, Off Enabled, Disabled All messages, Fatal errors 2, 7 No Test, Standard, Double Scan, Intensive 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 On, Off, Auto Factory Setting On On Enabled Fatal errors 2 Standard 7 On Can also be changed with the GDTMON online utility.
The update process starts as soon as the desired GDT_RPFW file has been selected. Strictly observe the messages and instructions of GDTSETUP. It is extremely important that the system is not switched off or reset during the update process. It is very likely that this would cause the ICP Controller to become inoperable. The new versions of the GDT Firmware, the BIOS and GDTSETUP are available after the next cold-boot.
9 &RQILJXUH 3K\VLFDO 'HYLFHV This menu allows you to prepare hard disks and removable hard disks for use with the ICP Controller (hierarchy level 1). You can scan the SCSI bus and the FCAL port(s) again for a given ID (this may become necessary when another device is being connected during the operating session).
- the SCSI channel (SCSI) or FCAL port (FCAL) - which a drive has (the entry I/O processor stands for the according I/O channel of the ICP Controller. Its default setting is ID 7 for SCSI and ID 125 for FCAL. - the state of initialization ("i" = initialized) - the names of the drives - the state, [RW] = Read + Write, [RO] = Read only, [RM] = Removable - the gross capacity - if component of a Logical Drive Use the cursor keys n and p to highlight the drive you wish to initialize.
With SCSI hard disks there are a couple more settings: 6\QF 7UDQVIHU (QDEOHG 'LVDEOHG The SCSI-bus knows two methods of data transfer: asynchronous and synchronous transfer. Each SCSI device must be able to perform the first type of transfer, the second one is optional. The advantage of the synchronous transfer consists in a higher data transfer rate, since the signal transfer times on the possibly long SCSI-cable have no influence on the transfer rate anymore.
each other have to check if and how (i.e., with which parameters) a synchronous data transfer between them is possible. Therefore, the mere setting does not automatically enable synchronous data transfer; this mode is only effective if both devices support it and after they have checked their capability of communicating with each other in this mode. 6\QF 7UDQVIHU 5DWH This is the synchronous data transfer rate in MB/se. Ultra SCSI allows on a 8 Bit bus 20MB/s and on a 16 bit bus 40MB/s.
The warning of the destruction of all data implies different evaluations, depending on the device's current state and the options you selected: 1. First Initialization of the Device In this case, the warning must be taken seriously. If the drive was previously connected to a different controller (e.g. NCR etc.) and still contains important data, this data will be lost now. 2.
9 &KHFN 6XUIDFH This option destroys all data on the hard disk. This option allows the checking of the surfaces of the hard disk media. The GDT RD Series Controller writes and reads certain data patterns and checks them for correctness. After confirming the security request, a progress information is displayed. You can interrupt the Check Surface option by pressing .
9 9LHZ 'HIHFWV 6WDWXV This option allows you to check the number of media defects the selected hard disk has. Grown defects. Number of media defects that have occurred in addition to the media defects the hard disk already had upon delivery. Primary defects. Number of media defects that the hard disk already had upon delivery.
Last status: The Last Status gives detailed information on the last failure of a hard disk. The information is only present until the next hard reset of the system and may help for deeper failure analysis or tracing. The following listed messages are part of the SCSI documentation. Format: ["""" \] (???? = additional device specific messages) ["""" K NO SENSE. Indicates that there is no specific sense key information to be reported for the designated logical unit.
["""" K VENDOR-SPECIFIC. This sense key is available for reporting vendor specific conditions. ["""" $K COPY ABORTED. Indicates a COPY, COMPARE, or COPY AND VERIFY command was aborted due to an error condition on the source device, the destination device, or both. (See 8.2.3.2 for additional information on this sense key.) ["""" %K ABORTED COMMAND. Indicates that the target aborted the command. The initiator may be able to recover by trying the command again. ["""" &K EQUAL.
The next page shows a block diagram of a SAF-TE subsystem.
After selecting the SEP press . You can either configure the SAF-TE Slots (i.e., the drive bays in the subsystem), or view the enclosure's status. With the -bar you can assign hard disks to a SAF-TE slot. Once you have finished the assignment press to save the new configuration.
In this example 1 of the 5 available slots in the subsystem is occupied with a hard disk. The following screen shows you the enclosure's status. Features which are marked with (Not available) are not implemented in the subsystem/SEP. 9 &RQILJXUH /RJLFDO 'ULYHV Logical Drives (hierarchy level 2) are installed in this main menu option. Selecting Configure Logical Drives leads you to the screen shown next. As you can see, there is already one Logical Drive in the list.
contains the channel description and the ID after the underscore ("_"). This can serve as a reminder when you install a complex system with many drives (naturally you can change the name). After having selected a Logical Drive, you can carry out various operations. Change Drive Name. Here you can enter a name for the selected drive. Remove Drive. This menu option lets you remove a single Logical Drive from the list of available Logical Drives.
Unload Drive. Unlock the media of the removable hard disk, which belongs to the Logical Drive. The -key gives you a list of all the hard disks this Logical Drive consists of. If it is a Logical Drive of the type Disk, it only consists of one single hard disk. If a Logical Drive consists of more hard disks, it is of the type Chain (concatenation of several hard disks).
A security request appears. If you confirm with , GDTSETUP allows you to limit the size of the Logical Drive. This becomes interesting when you configure later on an Array Drive with several identical Logical Drives and you want to make sure that you get appropriate spare hard disks in the future. It would be bad luck if the new hard disk would have 8530MB, only. It simply wouldn't fit into the Array Drive. If you limit the capacity to e.g.
9 ,QVWDOOLQJ D /RJLFDO 'ULYH RI WKH 7\SH &KDLQ In some literature Disk Chaining is also called Disk Spanning. You can picture the functioning mechanism of a type Chain Logical Drive as follows: all hard disks forming the Logical Drive are linked together one by one in the exact same order in which they have been selected with the -bar. This concatenation can be compared with a chain.
After pressing the list appears again, but with a new entry. The -key shows the hard disk forming the new Logical Drive. 9 &RQILJXUH $UUD\ 'ULYHV This main menu option allows you to configure Array Drives (level of hierarchy 3). Array Drives with the following listed RAID levels can be configured within this menu.
RAID 1 RAID 4 RAID 5 RAID 10 disk mirroring data striping with dedicated parity drive data striping with striped parity RAID 0 combined with RAID 1 The ICP Controller can manage up to 35 Array Drives (with different RAID levels) simultaneously. Obviously, the physically existing number of hard disks will limit the number of parallel used Arrays. After pressing , GDTSETUP lists all free Logical Drives, which are free (not yet part of Array / Host Drives).
Move the selection-bar to the second entry and select Logical Drives No. 1, 3 and 4. The "M" means Master. For a striping array (RAID 0, 4, 5, 10), this is the first Logical Drive in the array. For a RAID 1 (mirroring) array this is the Logical Drive which contains the valid data and which should be copied to the second Logical Drive. After pressing GDTSETUP displays a list of possible RAID levels. The number of previously selected Logical Drives determines the high-lighted levels.
GDTSETUP will ask you for the Stripe Size. This is the size of the stripes into which the data is divided. Valid values are 16KB, 32KB, 64KB or 128KB. The default is 32KB which we leave for this example and therefore press . (Note: 32KB stripe size is suggested because in various performance tests it has proved to be the best value.). This security request has to be taken seriously. If you confirm with all data are lost. If necessary you can limit the Array Drive's capacity.
The Array Drive has entered the build state, i.e., the parity information is currently generated. After completion of the build process, the Array Drive's state is ready, i.e., fault tolerant.
9 1RWHV RQ WKH &RQILJXUDWLRQ RI 5$,' DQG $UUD\V 'ULYHV (1) Use preferably Logical Drives of the type disk to build an Array Drive. Of course, RAID Array Drives can be configured with Logical Drives of the type chain, too, but the aspects of security should be taken into consideration as well. For regular RAID Array Drives, type disk Logical Drives are used. (2) The Logical Drives of an Array Drive should have the same storage capacity.
(4) States of a RAIDYNE Array Drive An Array Drive under the RAIDYNE operation system can assume seven different operational modes. An Array Drive is fully operational when in the ready state. All redundant information is present, that is, a hard disk can fail without impairing the functionality of the Array Drive. This is the normal state of an Array Drive. idle ready fail build rebuild expand error Idle state.
9 &KDQJH 'ULYH 1DPH This command allows you to change the name of an Array Drive. The name serves to identify an Array Drive in GDTSETUP. This can be very helpful for configurations where several Host Drives of various types are operated by a single controller. 9 ([SDQG $UUD\ 'ULYH The Expand Array Drive option, which is also available online within GDTMON, includes two functions: 1.
GDTSETUP displays a list with Logical Drives which are free and can be added to the existing Array Drive. Here we select the first Logical Drive. We could have also added the first and the second Logical Drive to expand the Array Drive's capacity in one step from 400MB to 800MB.
After the acknowledgement of the security request, the expansion process starts. After completion of this process the new capacity is displayed. It is added as another Host Drive (see next pages).
9 $GG 5$,' &RPSRQHQW In certain "emergency" cases this is a very powerful and helpful option. This function allows you to add to a Logical Drive which is member of an Array Drive, another Logical Drive as a mirror drive (RAID-1). Example: You have configured an Array Drive with 4 Logical Drives. One Logical Drive has failed and the Array Drive went into the fail state. Another failure would cause data loss. Unfortunately, you find another Logical Drive, which is shortly before failing (e.g.
In this example the Array Drive is ready. Here you can select the RAID-1 Master. This is the Logical Drive which data are mirrored to the new Logical Drive. Logical Drive No. 4 is added as a RAID-1 component to No. 1.
Press to get detailed information of the Array Drive. If you think this flexibility through to the end, you could add another RAID-1 Logical Drive to each Logical Drive which is component of a RAID 4/5 Array Drive (double redundancy, but also double cost).
Before you replace the failed Logical Drive, you have to power off the computer system. Then, after having installed the replacement hard disk as a new Logical Drive, you can add it to the Array Drive. After selecting the Logical Drive which needs to be exchanged, GDTSETUP offers a list of existing Logical Drives which can be used as replacement units. The Array Drive's state is changing into rebuild and the missing data is automatically reconstructed on the new Logical Drive.
9 5HPRYH 5$,' &RPSRQHQW This option corresponds with the Add RAID-1 Component option. It allows you to remove a previously configured RAID-1 combination. Press to get details. As you can see, all Logical Drives have the type Disk, again.
9 5HPRYH $UUD\ 'ULYH This command allows you to remove an existing Array Drive. All the data of the Array Drive will be lost ! Before you confirm the security request with , you should be sure about this choice.
This Array Drive has a usable storage capacity of 3300MB. A Hot Fix drive for this array must have at least 1100MB of storage capacity. (Note: in order not to waste valuable storage capacity, it is strongly recommended that all Logical Drives forming an Array Drive have the same storage capacity.) Example of an Array Drive configuration with a Hot Fix drive (press the -key to display the following screen).
What happens after a drive failure ? The controller will substitute a failed Logical Drive with a Hot Fix drive only if the Array Drive was in the ready state before the failure, or, in other words, a Hot Fix drive can only be activated if the corresponding Array Drive had a state of data redundancy at the moment of failure. 1. After a short while, the controller's alarm turns on. (Note: the alarm is activated only when the Array Drive is being accessed.) 2.
9 3DULW\ 5HFDOFXODWH If the parity information of a given Array Drive is defective, this function may be used to recalculate it anew. 9 %XLOG 5HEXLOG 3URJUHVV Whenever an Array Drive is in the build or rebuild state, you can select this option, to get progress information and estimates for the required time.
9 &RQILJXUH +RVW 'ULYHV This main menu option allows you to configure Host Drives (level of hierarchy 4). As already mentioned before, these are the drives the Host Computer is aware of. Host Drives can consist of a single hard disk, or of many hard disk combined to a RAID 5 Array Drive. As you can see from the following screen, there are two Host Drives in the list, which belong to the same physical Array Drive. Host Drive 6 (2 of 2) is the result of a previous capacity expansion.
After selection of a Host Drive press . 9 &KDQJH 'ULYH 1DPH This command allows you to change the name of a Host Drive. The name serves to identify a Host Drive with GDTSETUP.
9 6ZDS +RVW 'ULYHV When the PCI computer is switched on, the Host Drives are initialized in the order of the Host Drive list, which means that the operating system is booted from the Host Drive having the lowest number. For reasons of flexibility, a Host Drive's position in the list can be changed.
9 5HPRYH +RVW 'ULYH Removing a Host Drive is a serious action. All data will be lost after removal. If you want to remove a Host Drive belonging to an Array Drive for which several Host Drives exist (after capacity expansion, or after splitting), all other Host Drives will also be removed.
9 6SOLW +RVW 'ULYH For some purposes it might of interest to split an existing Host Drive into two or several Host Drives. Each Host Drives looks to the operating system just like a single hard disk. Since the new Host Drives have smaller capacities GDTSETUP has to write new header information on the two Host Drives. All data will be lost.
9 0HUJH +RVW 'ULYHV This function reverses the Split Host Drive option. Only such Host Drives can be merged which belong to the same Array Drive or Logical Drive. Since the new Host Drives has a larger capacity GDTSETUP has to write a new header information on the new Host Drives. All data will be lost.
9 3DUWLWLRQ +RVW 'ULYH This option is not available, when loading GDTSETUP from the Flash-RAM of the controller. Before you can partition a new Host Drive it may become necessary to reboot the system, first. The partitioning menu has similar functions as the MS-DOS program FDISK. You can create and delete a partition and also change the active partition. MS-DOS can only be booted from an active partition.
9 2YHUZULWH 0DVWHU %RRW &RGH This option created a valid and consistent master boor record on the selected Host Drive and should be carried out on any new Host Drive on which Windows NT is installed. 9 6DYH ,QIRUPDWLRQ This main menu saves all relevant configuration information of the selected controller (controller settings, Physical Drives, Logical Drives, Array Drives, Host Drives, etc.) in an ASCII file. You can choose the filename and path.
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