InterReach Fusion® Wideband Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual ADCP-77-044 Issue 5 June 2012 D-620616-0-20 Rev F
ADCP-77-044 • Issue 5 • June 2012 • Preface COPYRIGHT © 2012, TE Connectivity All Rights Reserved REVISION HISTORY ISSUE DATE 1 2 3 4 5 7/2008 10/2008 8/2009 5/2010 6/2012 REASON FOR CHANGE First release Add Fusion Wideband 1900/AWS product content Add Fusion Wideband 700/AWS and 700 MIMO product content Add Fusion Wideband 700 (Lower ABC) MIMO product content Add Fusion Wideband 2600 MIMO product content LIST OF CHANGES The technical changes incorporated into this issue are listed below.
Table of Contents SECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 SECTION 2 Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL 3.5.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 3.5.2 View Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 SECTION 4 Fusion Wideband Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.1 Expansion Hub Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.2 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 75 Ohm Type F Connectors . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL 6.6 Link Budget Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24 6.6.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards . . . . 6.6.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards . . . . . . . . 6.6.4 CDMA Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application . 6.6.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (Over-the-Air) Systems . . 6-24 6-27 6-29 6-32 6-35 6.
CONFIDENTIAL 7.8 Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-63 7.8.1 Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8.2 Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8.2.1 Setting Up Fusion Wideband Modem (USR Modem) Using AdminBrowser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8.2.2 Setting Up a PC Modem Using Windows . . . . . . . . . . 7.8.3 100 BASE-T Port Expander Connection . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL APPENDIX C Faults, Warnings, Status Tables for Fusion, Fusion Wideband, Fusion SingleStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 C.1 C.2 C.3 C.4 C.5 C.6 C.7 C.8 Faults Reported by Main Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Faults Reported for System CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5 Faults for Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6 Faults for RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL 6 InterReach Fusion Wideband Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620616-0-20 Rev F
CONFIDENTIAL List of Figures Figure 2-1 Fusion Wideband System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4 Figure 2-2 Fusion Wideband One Port System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4 Figure 2-3 Three Methods for OA&M Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5 Figure 2-4 System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6 Figure 2-5 Fusion Wideband’s Double Star Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL Figure 7-4 Using Hub Rack-Mounting Brackets for Direct Wall Installation Figure 7-5 Protective Ground Wire Connection Figure 7-6 DC Terminals . 7-15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19 Figure 7-7 Power Screw Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19 Figure 7-8 Pan Head Screw Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL Figure 7-39 OA&M Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-63 Figure 7-40 OA&M Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-64 Figure 7-41 Default Dial-in Settings (Fusion Wideband Hub) Figure 7-42 Network Connections Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-66 Figure 7-43 New Connection Wizard - Welcome Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL 4 InterReach Fusion Wideband Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620616-0-20 Rev F
List of Tables Table 2-1 Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 Table 2-2 Wavelength and Laser Power Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 Table 2-3 Environmental Specifications Table 2-4 Frequency Bands Covered by Fusion Wideband RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 Table 2-5 2100 MHz RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL 2 Table 5-2 System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length Table 5-3 Remote Access Unit LED States Table 5-4 Remote Access Unit Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7 Table 6-1 700 MHz (Lower A, B, C) Power per Carrier Table 6-2 700 MHz (Upper C) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL Table 6-31 CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Table 7-1 Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-34 Table 7-2 Installation Checklist Table 7-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONFIDENTIAL 4 InterReach Fusion Wideband Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620616-0-20 Rev F
General Information SECTION 1 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 1.1 Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 • Section 1.2 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 • Section 1.3 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 • Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conventions in this Manual • Section 4 Fusion Wideband Expansion Hub This section illustrates and describes the Expansion Hub, as well as connector and LED descriptions, and unit specification. • Section 5 Remote Access Unit This section illustrates and describes the Remote Access Unit. This section also includes connector and LED descriptions, and unit specifications.
Standards Conformance This manual lists measurements first in metric units, and then in U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses. For example: 0° to 45°C (32° to 113°F) This manual uses the following symbols to highlight certain information as described. NOTE: This format emphasizes text with special significance or importance, and provides supplemental information. CAUTION: This format indicates when a given action or omitted action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition.
Related Publications 1.
InterReach Fusion Wideband System Description SECTION 2 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 2.1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 • Section 2.2 System Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 • Section 2.3 System OA&M Capabilities Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 • Section 2.4 System Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Overview • Data Protocols: CDPD, EDGE, GPRS, WCDMA, CDMA2000, 1xRTT, EV-DO, LTE, Paging, and WiMAX The Fusion Wideband system supports three configurable bands: • Band 1 in 60 MHz and can be configured for 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2500 MHz, or 2600 MHz • Band 2 in 75 MHz and can be configured for 1700 MHz, 1800 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2500 MHz, or 2600 MHz Both bands support all protocols.
System Hardware Description • RAU: – RAU uplink and downlink gain can be independently attenuated 0 or 10 dB. – Uplink level control protects the system from input overload and can be optimized for either a single operator or multiple operators/protocols. – VSWR check on RAU reports if there is a disconnected antenna. • Firmware Updates are downloaded (either locally or remotely) to the system when any modifications are made to the product, including the addition of new software capabilities and services.
System Hardware Description one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs (1-4-32). Multiple systems can be combined to provide larger configurations. NOTE: The Fusion Wideband One Port Main Hub (PN: FSN-W1-MH-1P and FSN-W2-MH-1P) configuration is a cost reduced version of the Fusion Wideband Main Hub and supports only one Expansion Hub (up to 8 RAUs). The Fusion Wideband One Port Main Hub is “software locked” to 1 port 2 fiber ports. Additional ports are disabled internally.
System OA&M Capabilities Overview 2.3 System OA&M Capabilities Overview InterReach Fusion Wideband is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware to enable much of the operations, administration, and maintenance (OA&M) functionality. Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (that is, Fusion Wideband Main Hub, Expansion Hub, and Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available.
System OA&M Capabilities Overview • Perform an end-to-end system test • Query system status Refer to the AdminBrowser User Manual (D-620607-0-20) for information about installing and using AdminBrowser software. 2.3.1 System Monitoring and Reporting Each Fusion Wideband Main Hub in the system constantly monitors itself, its Expansion Hubs, and their downstream RAUs for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of this monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results.
System Connectivity When you connect FlexWave Focus or a BTS to the Fusion Wideband, the Fusion Wideband Main Hub outputs the alarms (alarm source) and FlexWave Focus or the BTS receives the alarms (alarm sense). This is described in Section 7.7.1 on page 7-57. 2.4 System Connectivity The double star architecture of the Fusion Wideband system, illustrated in Figure 2-5, provides excellent system scalability and reliability. The system requires only one pair of fibers for eight antenna points.
System Operation 2.5 System Operation Figure 2-6 Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices) The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station using 50 Ohm coaxial cable. Main Hub The Main Hub converts the RF signals to IF, then to optical signals and sends them to Expansion Hubs (up to four) using optical fiber cable. Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub converts the optical signals to electrical signals and sends them to RAUs (up to eight) using 75 Ohm CATV cable.
System Specifications 2.
System Specifications Table 2-2 Wavelength and Laser Power Specifications Measured Output Power Wavelength Main Hub Expansion Hub 1310 nm +20 nm 890 uW 3.
System Specifications Table 2-4 Frequency Bands Covered by Fusion Wideband RAUs (continued) RF Passband Fusion Wideband RAU Part Number 700/AWS FSN-W2-7021-1 Downlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz) 700 746-757 776-787 1 (sub-band 1A) 11 MHz 728-746 698-716 3 (sub-band 1B) 18 MHz AWS 2110-2155 1710-1755 2 45 MHz 700 746-757 776-787 1 (sub- 11 MHz (Upper C) 700 (Lower ABC) 700/700 MIMO (Upper C) FSN-W2-7575-1 700 FSN-W2-7070-1 700 746-757 776-787 728-746 698-716 2600/2600 2.6.
System Specifications 2100/1800 RAU Table 2-5 2100 MHz RF End-to-End Performance Typical Parameter Downlink Uplink 15 15 Ripple with 130 m RG-59 (dB) 5 5 Output IP3 (dBm) 38 Average gain with 130 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) Input IP3 (dBm) Output 1 dB Compression Point (dBm) -5 26 Noise Figure 1 MH, 1 EH, 8 RAUs (dB) 17 Noise Figure 1 MH, 4 EH, 32 RAUs (dB) 23 Table 2-6 1800 MHz RF End-to-End Performance Typical Downlink Uplink Average gain with 130 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) Parame
System Specifications † The system Uplink gain is adjustable in 1 dB steps from 0 to 15 dB. 1900/AWS RAU Table 2-8 1900 MHz RF End-to-End Performance Typical Parameter Downlink Uplink Average gain with 130 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15 Ripple with 130 m RG-59 (dB) 3.
System Specifications Table 2-11 850 MHz RF End-to-End Performance Typical Downlink Uplink Average gain with 130 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) Parameter 15 15 Ripple with 130 m RG-59 (dB) 2.
System Specifications Table 2-14 700 MHz (Upper C) RF End-to-End Performance Typical Downlink Uplink Average gain with 130 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) Parameter 15 15 Ripple with 130 m RG-59 (dB) 2.
System Specifications 700/700 (Lower ABC) MIMO RAU Table 2-17 700 MHz (Lower ABC) RF End-to-End Performance Typical Parameter Downlink Uplink Average gain with 130 m RG-59 at 25°C (77°F) (dB) 15 15 Ripple with 130 m RG-59 (dB) 2.
Fusion Wideband Main Hub SECTION 3 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 3.1 Fusion Wideband Main Hub Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 • Section 3.2 Fusion Wideband Main Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 • Section 3.3 Fusion Wideband Main Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 • Section 3.4 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 • Section 3.
Fusion Wideband Main Hub Overview Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Fusion Wideband System Downlink Path: The Main Hub receives up to 3 individual (Band1, 2, and 3) downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or FlexWave Focus system using 50 Ohm coaxial cable. It converts the signals to IF then to optical and sends them to up to four Expansion Hubs using fiber optic cable. The Main Hub also sends OA&M communication to the Expansion Hubs using the fiber optic cable.
Fusion Wideband Main Hub Overview Figure 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram CAL Tone Help Hot Line (U.S.
Fusion Wideband Main Hub Front Panel 3.2 Fusion Wideband Main Hub Front Panel Figure 3-3 Fusion Wideband Main Hub Front Panel 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 InterReach Wideband Fusion Main Hub 4 6 1. 5 Four fiber optic ports (labeled PORT 1, PORT 2, PORT 3, PORT 4) • One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF input (labeled UPLINK) • One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF output (labeled DOWNLINK) 2.
Fusion Wideband Main Hub Front Panel 3.2.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports The optical fiber uplink/downlink ports transmit and receive optical signals between the Main Hub and up to four Expansion Hubs using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. There are four fiber ports on the front panel of the Main Hub; one port per Expansion Hub.
Fusion Wideband Main Hub Front Panel Upon power up, the Main Hub goes through a 20-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink through the states shown in Table 3-1, letting you visually verify that the LED lamps and the firmware are functioning properly. Upon completion of initialization, the LEDs stay in one of the first two states shown in Table 3-1. The Main Hub automatically sends the program bands command to all connected RAUs.
Fusion Wideband Main Hub Front Panel Table 3-1 Fusion Wideband Hub Status LED States (continued) LED State Indicates POWER STATUS Green • The Main Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating. • The Main Hub DL input signal level is too high. POWER STATUS Red POWER STATUS Green Red (60-ppm) • One or more power supplies are out-of-specification.
Fusion Wideband Main Hub Rear Panel 3.3 Fusion Wideband Main Hub Rear Panel Figure 3-4 Band 1 UL1 Band 3 Band 2 UL2 Fusion Wideband Main Hub Rear Panel UL3 AC Power Alarms DL1 DL2 DL3 1 4 5 2 3 1. AC power cord connector 2. Two air exhaust vents 3. Three N-type, female connectors for each band (Band 1, Band 2, and Band 3): • Uplink (labeled UL1, UL2, and UL3) • Downlink (labeled DL1, DL2, and DL3) 3.3.1 3.3.1.1 4.
Fusion Wideband Main Hub Rear Panel Table 3-3 9-pin D-sub Pin Connector Functions Pin Function 5 Warning Source Contact (negative connection) 6 DC Ground (common) 7 Fault Source Contact (positive connection) 8 Alarm Sense Input 1 9 Fault Source Contact (negative connection) This interface can both generate two source contact alarms (Fault and Warning) and sense 3 single external alarm contacts (Alarm Sense Input 1 through 3). 3.3.1.
Main Hub Specifications 3.4 Main Hub Specifications Table 3-4 Main Hub Specifications Specification Enclosure Dimensions (H W Description D)a: 89 mm x 438 mm x 381 mm (3.5 in. x 17.25 in. x 15 in.) 2U Weight <5.
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages 3.5 3.5.1 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages Description The Fusion Wideband Main Hub monitors and reports changes or events in system performance to: • Ensure that fiber receivers, amplifiers and IF/RF paths are functioning properly. • Ensure that Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units are connected and functioning properly. An event is classified as fault, warning, or status message. • Faults are service impacting. • Warnings indicate a possible service impact.
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages 3.5.2 View Preference AdminBrowser 1.0 or higher enables you to select (using the screen shown in Figure 3-5) the type of events to be displayed. Figure 3-5 Preferences Check Boxes To modify the setting, using AdminBrowser, select Alarms Set Alarm Preference and select the desired choice. After you click OK, AdminBrowser refreshes and updates the tree view according to the new setting. NOTE: The setting is strictly visual and only in AdminBrowser.
Fusion Wideband Expansion Hub SECTION 4 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 4.1 Expansion Hub Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 • Section 4.2 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 • Section 4.3 Expansion Hub Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8 • Section 4.4 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 • Section 4.
Expansion Hub Overview Figure 4-2 4-2 CONFIDENTIAL Expansion Hub Block Diagram InterReach Fusion Wideband Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620616-0-20 Rev F
Expansion Hub Front Panel 4.2 Expansion Hub Front Panel Figure 4-3 1 Expansion Hub Front Panel 2 34 5 7 6 8 1. One port LED per type F connector port for link status and downstream RAU status (8 pair total). 2. Eight CATV cable, type F connectors (labeled PORT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) 3. One pair of unit status LEDs • One LED for unit power status (labeled POWER) • One LED for unit status (labeled E-HUB STATUS) 4.
Expansion Hub Front Panel 4.2.1 75 Ohm Type F Connectors The eight type F connectors on the Expansion Hub are for the CATV cables used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use only 75 ohm type F connectors on the CATV cable. The CATV cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 54V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit protects the Hub if any port draws excessive power.
Expansion Hub Front Panel SC/APC fiber connectors throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels. This is critical for ensuring system performance. 4.2.4 LED Indicators The unit’s front panel LEDs indicate fault conditions and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using AdminBrowser.
Expansion Hub Front Panel Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States (continued) LED State Indicates POWER EH STATUS DL STATUS UL STATUS Green / Green • Optical power received is above minimum (the Main Hub is connected) although the cable optical loss may be greater than recomGreen / Green mended maximum. (60-ppm) • Optical power transmitted (uplink laser) is normal and communications with the Main Hub are normal. • The Expansion Hub is reporting a commanded lockout.
Expansion Hub Front Panel RJ-45 Port LEDs The Expansion Hub has a port LED, labeled PORT, for each of the eight 75 Ohm, Type F ports. The port LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-2. These LEDs can be: off steady green steady red flashing red (60 pulses per minute [PPM]) Table 4-2 PORT LED State Indicates Off • The RAU is not connected. Green • The RAU is connected. • No faults from the RAU.
Expansion Hub Rear Panel 4.3 Expansion Hub Rear Panel Figure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel 1 2 3 4 1. AC power cord connector 2. Two air exhaust vents 3. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact alarm monitoring (labeled ALARMS) 4.
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages • Warnings indicate a possible service impact. • Status messages are generally not service impacting. 4.4 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages Both fault and warning conditions of the Expansion Hub and attached RAUs are reported to the Main Hub. Only faults are indicated by LEDs. For more information, refer to Appendix C, “Faults, Warnings, Status Tables,” on page C-1. NOTE: You can select what type of events AdminBrowser displays. Refer to Section 3.5.
Expansion Hub Specifications 4.5 Expansion Hub Specifications Table 4-4 Expansion Hub Specifications Specification Description Enclosure Dimensions (H W D) 89 mm x 438 mm x 381 mm (3.5 in. x 17.25 in. x 15 in.) 2U Weight < 6.6 kg (< 14.5 lb.
Remote Access Unit SECTION 5 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 5.1 RAU Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 • Section 5.2 Remote Access Unit Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 • Section 5.3 RAU LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 • Section 5.4 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 • Section 5.
RAU Overview Figure 5-1 Remote Access Unit in a Fusion Wideband System Downlink Path: The RAU receives downlink IF signals from a Fusion Wideband Hub using 75 Ohm CATV cable. It converts the signals to RF and sends them to a passive RF antenna using 50 Ohm coaxial cable. Also, the RAU receives configuration information from the Fusion Wideband Hub using the 75 Ohm CATV cable.
RAU Overview The Fusion Wideband RAUs are manufactured to a specific set of bands: one 60 MHz Band 1 (split into two sub-bands 1A and 1B for the FSN-W2-808519-1 RAU), and one 75 MHz Band 2. Table 5-1 lists the Fusion Wideband RAUs, the Fusion Wideband Band, and the frequency bands they cover.
RAU Overview Table 5-1 Frequency Bands Covered by Fusion Wideband RAUs (continued) RF Passband Fusion Wideband RAU 2500/2500 2600/2600 Table 5-2 Cable Type Uplink (MHz) MAIN HUB/ RAU Band RAU Bandwidth 2496-2690 2496-2690 1 30 MHz 2500 2496-2690 2496-2690 2 30 MHz 2600 2620-2690 2500-2570 1 70 MHz 2600 2620-2690 2500-2570 2 70 MHz Part Number Fusion Wideband Band Downlink (MHz) FSN-2500-2-WMAX 2500 FSN-W3-2626-1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length Zero-loss RF
Remote Access Unit Connectors 5.2 5.2.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors 50 Ohm Type-N Connector The RAU has one female type-N connector (two female type-N connectors for FSN-W1-1921-1, FSN-W2-808519-1, FSN-W2-7070-1, FSN-W2-7575-1, and FSN-2500-2-WMAX RAUs). The connector is a duplexed RF input/output port that connects to a standard 50 passive antenna using coaxial cable. 5.2.
Faults and Warnings Table 5-3 5.4 Remote Access Unit LED States LED State Indicates LINK ALARM Off Off • The RAU is not receiving DC power. LINK ALARM Green Green • The RAU is powered and is not indicating a fault condition. Communication with the Fusion Wideband Hub is normal; however, the system test may need to be performed or a warning condition may exist (use AdminBrowser to determine this).
Remote Access Unit Specifications 5.5 Remote Access Unit Specifications Table 5-4 Remote Access Unit Specifications Specification Description Dimensions (H W D) 54 mm × 286 mm × 281 mm (2.13 in. × 11.25 in. × 11.13 in.) Weight < 2.1 kg (< 4.6 lb.
Remote Access Unit Specifications 5-8 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Fusion Wideband Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620616-0-20 Rev F
Designing a Fusion Wideband Solution SECTION 6 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 6.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 • Section 6.2 Downlink RSSI Design Goal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 • Section 6.3 Maximum Output Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4 • Section 6.4 System Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Overview The design goal is always a stronger signal than the mobile phone needs. It includes inherent factors which affect performance. • RF source (base station or bidirectional amplifier or repeater), type of equipment if possible. 2. Determine the downlink power per carrier from the RF source through the DAS: Refer to Section 6.3, “Maximum Output Power per Carrier,” on page 6-4.
Downlink RSSI Design Goal brated tone for a fixed antenna and making measurements with a mobile antenna throughout the area surrounding the transmitter. 6. Determine the items required to connect to the base station: Refer to Section 6.8, “Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station,” on page 6-37. Once you know the quantities of Fusion Wideband equipment to be used, you can determine the accessories (combiners/dividers, surge suppressors, repeaters, attenuators, circulators, and so on.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier Downlink design goals on the order of –85 dBm are typical for protocols, such as GSM. Wireless service providers may choose a higher level to ensure that in-building signal dominates any macro signal that may be leaking into the building. 6.3 Maximum Output Power per Carrier The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU 50 Ohm Type-N connector for different frequencies, protocols, and numbers of carriers.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.1 700 MHz (for 700/AWS RAU) Table 6-1 700 MHz (Lower A, B, C) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers WCDMA LTE 1 14.0 14.0 2 11.0 11.0 3 9.0 9.0 4 8.0 8.0 5 7.0 7.0 Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion Wideband from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. Table 6-2 700 MHz (Upper C) Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.2 700 MHz (Upper C) MIMO RAU 700 MHz (Upper C) Power per Carrier Number of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) LTE 1 18.0 2 15.0 3 13.0 4 12.0 5 11.0 Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion Wideband from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. 6.3.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier Table 6-5 Power per Carrier (continued) Power per Carrier (dBm) - 800MHz Analog FM APCO 25 CQPSK APCO 25 C4FM 7.0 9.5 8.5 9.0 - 6.0 8.5 8.0 8.0 - 5.5 7.5 7.0 7.5 8.5 - 5.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 10 8.0 - 4.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 11 7.5 - 4.0 12 7.0 - 3.5 13 7.0 - 3.0 14 6.5 - 3.0 15 6.0 - 2.5 16 6.0 - 2.0 No. of Carriers CDMA 2000 LTE iDEN 6 10.0 - 7 9.5 8 9.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.5 850 MHz Cellular Table 6-6 Cellular Power per Carrier Power per Carrier No. of Carriers GSM EDGE CDMA 2000 WCDMA LTE 1 16.5 16.5 18.0 18.0 18.0 2 13.5 13.5 15.0 15.0 15.0 3 11.5 11.5 13.0 13.0 13.0 4 10.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 5 9.0 9.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 6 8.5 8.5 10.0 7 8.0 8.0 9.5 8 7.5 7.5 9.0 9 7.0 7.0 10 6.5 6.5 11 6.5 6.5 12 6.0 6.0 13 6.5 5.5 14 5.5 5.5 15 5.0 5.0 16 5.0 5.0 20 4.5 4.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.6 1800 MHz DCS Table 6-7 DCS Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers GSM EDGE 1 16.5 16.5 2 14.5 14.5 3 12.5 12.5 4 11.5 11.5 5 10.5 10.5 6 9.5 9.5 7 9.0 9.0 8 8.5 8.0 9 8.0 7.5 10 7.5 7.0 11 7.0 6.5 12 6.5 6.0 13 6.5 6.0 14 6.0 5.5 15 5.5 5.0 16 5.5 5.0 20 4.5 4.0 30 2.5 2.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.7 1900 MHz PCS Table 6-8 PCS Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers GSM EDGE CDMA 2000 WCDMA LTE 1 16.5 16.5 18.0 18.0 18.0 2 15.5 15.5 15.0 15.0 15.0 3 13.5 13.5 13.0 13.0 13.0 4 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 5 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.0 11.0 6 10.5 9.5 10.0 7 10.0 9.0 9.5 8 9.0 8.0 9.0 9 8.5 7.5 10 8.0 7.0 11 7.5 6.5 12 7.0 6.0 13 6.5 6.0 14 6.5 5.5 15 6.0 5.0 16 5.5 5.0 20 4.5 4.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.8 2100 MHz AWS Table 6-9 AWS Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers GSM EDGE CDMA 2000 WCDMA LTE 1 16.5 16.5 18.0 18.0 18.0 2 15.5 15.5 15.0 15.0 15.0 3 13.5 13.5 13.0 13.0 13.0 4 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 5 11.0 10.5 11.0 11.0 11.0 6 10.5 9.5 10.0 7 10.0 9.0 9.5 8 9.0 8.0 9.0 9 8.5 7.5 10 8.0 7.0 11 7.5 6.5 12 7.0 6.0 13 6.5 6.0 14 6.5 5.5 15 6.0 5.0 16 5.5 5.0 20 4.5 4.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.9 2.1 GHz UMTS Table 6-10 UMTS Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) WCDMA 1 15.0 2 11.0 3 8.0 4 6.5 5 5.0 6 4.0 7 3.0 Note: Measurements were taken with no baseband clipping. Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion Wideband from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements. 6.3.10 2.1 GHz UMTS High Power Table 6-11 UMTS Power per Carrier No.
Maximum Output Power per Carrier 6.3.12 2600 MHz MIMO RAU 2600 MHz Power per Carrier Number of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) WCDMA LTE 1 15.0 15.0 2 11.0 11.0 3 8.0 8.0 4 6.5 6.5 5 5.0 5.0 Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Fusion Wideband from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
System Gain 6.4 System Gain The system gain of the Fusion Wideband defaults to 0 dB or can be set up to 15 dB in 1 dB increments. In addition, uplink and downlink gains of each RAU can be independently attenuated by 0 or 10 dB using AdminBrowser. The recommended maximum lengths of CATV cable are as follows: • For RG-59 cable 130 meters for CommScope PN 2065V. • For RG-6 cable 140 meters for CommScope PN 2279V. • For RG-11 cable 235 meters for CommScope PN 2293K.
System Gain Table 6-13 Cable Type System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length Zero-loss RF Maximum Length (meters) Distance Where RF is 10dB Below Input RF (meters) 130 180 X 100 100* X 95 95* 130 180 140 190 140 150* CommScope Part Number Plenum Rated Solid Copper Conductor 2065V Yes X 2022V Yes 5572R No 5565 No X 2279V Yes X 2275V Yes X 5726 No X 140 140* 5765 No X 140 190 2293K Yes X 235 320 Copper Clad Conductor RG-59 RG-6 RG-11 2285K Yes X
Estimating RF Coverage 6.5 Estimating RF Coverage The maximum output power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (that is, the RSSI design goal) essentially establish the RF downlink budget and, consequently, the maximum allowable path loss (APL) between the RAU’s antenna and the wireless device.
Estimating RF Coverage 6.5.1 Path Loss Equation In-building path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2): PL = 20log10(4d0f/c) + 10nlog10(d/d0) + s (2) where: • PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna • d = the distance expressed in meters • d0 = free-space path loss distance in meters • f = the operating frequency in Hertz. • c = the speed of light in a vacuum (3.0 × 108 m/sec).
Estimating RF Coverage 6.5.2 RAU Coverage Distance Use equations (1) and (2), on pages 6-16 and 6-17, respectively, to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device. With d0 set to one meter and path loss slope (PLS) defined as 10n, Equation (2) can be simplified to: PL(d) = 20log10(4f/c) + PLS·log10(d) (3) Table 6-16 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (that is., (20log10(4f/c)) for various frequency bands.
Estimating RF Coverage Table 6-17 Estimated Path Loss Slope for Different In-Building Environments PLS for 850/900 MHz PLS for 1800/1900/ 2100/2500 MHz Office Space with approximately 50% cubicles and 50% hard walled offices 37.6 34.8 Hospital, Office Space with approximately 20% cubicles and 80% hard walled offices 39.4 38.
Estimating RF Coverage Table 6-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 850 MHz Cellular Applications Distance from Antenna Environment Type Meters Feet Mildly Dense Environment 55 181 Moderately Dense Environment 47 154 Dense Environment 39 129 Table 6-20 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 75 246 Moderately Open Environment 58 191 Mildly Dense Environment 50 166 Moderately D
Estimating RF Coverage Table 6-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 69 226 Moderately Open Environment 54 176 Mildly Dense Environment 47 154 Moderately Dense Environment 39 128 Dense Environment 28 93 Table 6-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1.7/2.
Estimating RF Coverage 6.5.3 Examples of Design Estimates Example Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application 1. Design goals: • PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 1900 MHz PCS band) • CDMA provider • 8 CDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.
Estimating RF Coverage 6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Fusion Wideband equipment quantities needed. Before you test any RF levels in the building, you can estimate that four antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor. a. 4 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 64 RAUs b. 64 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 8 Expansion Hubs c.
Link Budget Analysis 6.6 Link Budget Analysis A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal. One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier explained in Section 6.3.
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-25 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems Consideration Description BTS Transmit Power The power per carrier transmitted from the base station output Attenuation between BTS and Fusion Wideband This includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth. On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 6.3.
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-25 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued) Consideration Description Log-normal Fade Margin This margin adds an allowance for RF shadowing due to objects obstructing the direct path between the mobile equipment and the RAU. In RF site surveys, the effects of shadowing are partially accounted for since it is characterized by relatively slow changes in power level. Body Loss This accounts for RF attenuation caused by the user’s head and body.
Link Budget Analysis 6.6.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Table 6-26 Line Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) b. Attenuation between BTS and Fusion Wideband (dB) c. Power into Fusion Wideband (dBm) d. Fusion Wideband gain (dB) e. Antenna gain (dBi) f. Radiated power per carrier (dBm) 33 –23 10 0 3 13 Airlink g. Multipath fade margin (dB) h. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std.
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-27 Line Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) b. Attenuation between BTS and Fusion Wideband (dB) c. Fusion Wideband gain (dB) d. Fusion Wideband noise figure (dB) 1-4-32 e. System noise figure (dB) 22.6 f. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129 g. Required C/I ratio (dB) h. Antenna gain (dBi) i. Receive sensitivity (dBm) 4 –10 0 22 12 3 –97.4 Airlink j. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6 k.
Link Budget Analysis 6.6.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards A CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because you must consider the spread spectrum nature of CDMA. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon reception, the CDMA signal is de-spread. In the de-spreading process the power in the received signal becomes concentrated into a narrow band, whereas the noise level remains unchanged.
Link Budget Analysis The open-loop power control equation is PTX + PRX = –73 dBm (for Cellular, IS-95) PTX + PRX = –76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008) where PTX is the mobile’s transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the mobile. The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 6-29 on page 6-30).
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-29 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA (continued) Consideration Description Process Gain The process of de-spreading the desired signal boosts that signal relative to the noise and interference. This gain needs to be included in the link budget. In the following formulas, PG = process gain: PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 9.6 Kbps) = 21 dB rate set 1 PG = 10log10(1.25 MHz / 14.
Link Budget Analysis 6.6.4 CDMA Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Table 6-30 Line CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per traffic channel (dBm) 30.0 b. Voice activity factor 50% c. Composite power (dBm) 40.0 d. Attenuation between BTS and Fusion Wideband (dB) –24 e. Power per channel into Fusion Wideband (dBm) 9.0 f. Composite power into Fusion Wideband (dBm) 16.0 g. Fusion Wideband gain (dB) 0.0 h. Antenna gain (dBi) i.
Link Budget Analysis • b and c: see notes in Table 6-29 regarding power per carrier, downlink • e=a+d • f=c+d • i=e+g+h • j=f+g+h • p = –k + l + m + n + o • s=q+r • v=s+t+u • w=j–p–v • x = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + P where P = Ptx + Prx = –73 dB for Cellular –76 dB for PCS Help Hot Line (U.S.
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-31 Line CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) 3.0 b. Attenuation between BTS and Fusion Wideband (dB) c. Fusion Wideband gain (dB) d. Fusion Wideband noise figure (dB) 22.0 e. System noise figure (dB) 33.3 f. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0 g. Noise rise 75% loading (dB) h. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) i. Information rate (dB/Hz) j. Required Eb/(No+lo) 5.0 k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0 l.
Link Budget Analysis • e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula Fsys = F1 + F2 – 1 G1 + F3 – 1 G1G2 + .... where F = 10 (Noise Figure/10) G = 10(Gain/10) (See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.) • h=e+f+g • m = h + i + j –k – l • r=n+o+p+q • t=s–r–m 6.6.
Optical Power Budget 6.7 Optical Power Budget Fusion Wideband uses SC/APC connectors. The connector losses associated with mating to these connectors is accounted for in the design and should not be included as elements of the optical power budget. The reason is that when the optical power budget is defined, measurements are taken with these connectors in place. The Fusion Wideband optical power budget for both multi-mode and single-mode fiber cable is 3.0 dB (optical).
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 6.8 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station The Fusion Wideband system supports up to three RF sources: one for Band 1, one for Band 2 and one for Band 3. This section explains how each band can be connected to its associated base station. Each Fusion Main Hub band has separate system gain parameters. For example, Band 1 can be set for +5 dB of downlink system gain while Band 2 can have +15 dB of downlink system gain.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station RAU inputs to the base station inputs. This SNR can not be better than the SNR of Fusion Wideband by itself, although it can be significantly worse. A good rule of thumb is to set the uplink attenuation such that the noise level out of Fusion Wideband is within 10 dB of the base station’s sensitivity. 6.8.2 RAU Attenuation and ALC The RAU attenuation and ALC are set using the AdminBrowser Edit Unit Properties screen.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station Figure 6-2 ALC Operation Input Signal Level Activation Level -30dBm Output Signal Level 4 Release Level -45dBm 3 1 2 Attack Phase Hold Phase 5 Release Phase Time 6.8.2.1 Using the RAU 10 dB Attenuation Setting Each RAU band can, independently of the other RAUs in a system, have its uplink or downlink gain attenuated by 0 or 10 dB for each RAU band (1, 2 or 3).
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 6.8.2.2 Using the Uplink ALC Setting Uplink automatic level control (UL ALC) circuitry for each band within the RAU provides automatic level control on high-power signals in the uplink path. This functionality is required to prevent RF signal compression caused by a single or multiple wireless devices in very close proximity to the RAU band. Compression causes signal degradation and, ultimately, dropped calls and data errors, and should be prevented.
Installing Fusion Wideband SECTION 7 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 7.1 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 • Section 7.2 Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3 • Section 7.3 Preparing for System Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6 • Section 7.4 Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10 • Section 7.
Installation Requirements NOTE: Faulty cabling is the cause of a vast majority of problems. All CATV cable should be tested to TIA-570-B specifications. 7.1.1 Component Location Requirements Fusion Wideband components are intended to be installed in indoor locations only. If outdoor installation is desired, such as a parking garage, the Fusion Wideband components must be installed in the appropriate environmental enclosures. 7.1.
Safety Precautions NOTE: The proper crimp tool and die must be matched by the connector type. 7.1.3 Distance Requirements Table 7-1 shows the distances between Fusion Wideband components and related equipment. Table 7-1 Equipment Combination Repeater/BTS to Fusion Wideband Main Hub Distance Requirements Cable Type Cable Length Additional Information Coaxial; N male connectors 3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise. Refer to your link budget calculation.
Safety Precautions 3. The internal power supplies have internal fuses that are not user replaceable. Consider the worst-case power consumption shown on the product labels when provisioning the equipment’s AC power source and distribution. 4. Verify that the Hub is grounded properly using the AC power cord third wire ground. NOTE: Be careful with the mechanical loading of the rack mounted hub.
Safety Precautions WARNING: Observe the following warning about viewing fiber ends in ports. Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector ends of the fibers or the ports of the hubs. Invisible infrared radiation is present at the front panel of the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub. Do not remove the fiber port dust caps unless the port is going to be used. Do not stare directly into a fiber port.
Preparing for System Installation 7.3 7.3.1 Preparing for System Installation Pre-Installation Inspection Follow this procedure before installing Fusion Wideband equipment: 7.3.2 1. Verify the number of packages received against the packing list. 2. Check all packages for external damage; report any external damage to the shipping carrier.
Preparing for System Installation Table 7-2 Installation Checklist (continued) Installation Requirement Consideration Repeater Installed between lightning arrestor/surge suppressor and Hub; N-male to N-male coaxial cable. The Repeater must be a UL listed product. Attenuator Installed between the circulator and the Hub downlink port to prevent overload. Optionally, it may be installed between the uplink port and the circulator.
Preparing for System Installation Table 7-2 Installation Requirement Installation Checklist (continued) Consideration * Refer to Appendix A for CATV cable requirements.
Preparing for System Installation 7.3.4 Optional Accessories Table 7-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation Description Wall-mount bracket (PN 4712) When using this bracket with an Fusion Wideband Main Hub, the Hub’s mounting bracket must be moved to the alternate mounting position (refer to the procedure on page page 7-11). Cable management (Cable manager: PN 4759; Tie wrap bar: PN 4757) Splice trays Pigtails with SC/APC connectors, 3 m (10 ft.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures 7.4 Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures The following procedures assume that the system is new from the factory and that it has not been programmed with bands. If you are replacing components in a pre-installed system with either new units or units that may already be programmed (for example, re-using units from another system), refer to Section 8. • Installing a Fusion Wideband Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures The following procedures assume that the system is installed and programmed. • Interfacing the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to an RF Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-46 • Connecting a Single Fusion Wideband Main Hub to an RF Source . . . . . 7-46 • Connecting a Fusion Wideband Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . 7-50 • Connecting Multiple Fusion Wideband Main Hubs to an RF Source . . . .
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Figure 7-1 Flush Mounting Bracket Detail Consideration: • The Fusion Wideband Main Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the rack’s threads. To install the Hub in a rack: 1. Insert spring nuts into rack where needed or use existing threaded holes. 2. Place the Hub into the rack from the front. 3. Align the flange holes with the spring nuts installed in Step 1. 4.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures • The rack-mounting brackets on the Fusion Wideband Main Hub must be moved to the recessed mounting position (shown in Figure 7-2) to allow for the required 76 mm (3 in.) rear clearance. • The maximum weight the bracket can hold is 22.5 kg (50 lbs). • The bracket is designed to accommodate a Fusion Wideband Main Hub (12 lbs.) or an Expansion Hub (14.5 lbs.).
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures 4. Install the Hub in the rack using the rack mounting screws. Installing a Fusion Wideband Main Hub Directly to the Wall To install the Hub directly to the wall: 1. Pre-install 3/4” plywood to the wall. 2. Mount both of the rack mounting brackets using #10-32 machine screws (refer to illustration Figure 7-4). 3. Attach the Hub to the wall so the mounting brackets are orientated at the top and bottom of the wall mounted hub. (Refer to Figure 7-3.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Figure 7-4 Using Hub Rack-Mounting Brackets for Direct Wall Installation Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Main Hub Considerations: • Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed the 3 dB optical budget. • If you are using fiber distribution panels, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures To clean the fiber ports: You can clean the Hub’s fiber ports using canned compressed air or isopropyl alcohol and foam tipped swabs. Considerations: • If using compressed air: • The air must be free of dust, water, and oil. • Hold the can level during use. • If using isopropyl alcohol and foam tipped swabs: • Use only 98% pure or more alcohol Procedure using compressed air: 1. Remove the port’s dust cap. 2.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures used and which Expansion Hub the cables are intended for. This differentiates the connectors for proper connection between the Main Hub and Expansion Hubs. For example: First pair to Main Hub port 1: 11 (uplink), 12 (downlink); Second pair to Main Hub port 2: 21 (uplink), 22 (downlink); Third pair to Main Hub port 3: 31 (uplink), 32 (downlink); and so on.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Making Power Connections Only trained and qualified personnel should be allowed to install or replace this equipment. AC Powered Main Hub To connect AC power to a Main Hub: 1. Connect the AC power cord to the Main Hub. 2. Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet. DC Powered Main Hub and Expansion Hub WARNING: The protective earth connection should be connected before proceeding with power connections.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures WARNING: The warning color code of the power cables depends on the color coding of the DC power source installed at your site. Color code standards for DC wiring do not exist. To ensure that the correct polarity is connected to the hubs, confirm the connection of the power cables to the + (positive) and - (negative) leads (Figure 7-6) at the power source. Figure 7-6 7. DC Terminals Use the illustrations in Figure 7-7 and Figure 7-9 to connect the power.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures 8. 7-20 CONFIDENTIAL Install the clear protective cover with the pan head screws as shown in Figure 7-8.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Optional Connection to DC Power Source This is an optional connection method using ring tongue lugs instead of the compression lugs that are premounted on the terminal block. Use wire selection instructions previously explained. WARNING: Before connecting power wires, be sure the power source is shut off, and the power switch of the hubs are in the OFF position. Connect the ground wires before connecting the power wires. 1.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Figure 7-11 Grounding Wire Connection Figure 7-12 Power Wires and Studs 3. 7-22 CONFIDENTIAL Install the finish wires using the proper polarity and secure them with #8-32 pan head screws previously removed as illustrated in Figure 7-13.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Figure 7-13 4. Wire Polarity Illustration Attach the clear protective cover and secure it with the two #8-32 pan head screws supplied with the Hub as shown in Figure 7-14. Figure 7-14 DC Illustration Detail Powering On the Main Hub 1. Connect the AC or DC power as explained in “Making Power Connections” on page 7-18. 2. Turn on the power to the Main Hub and check that all the LED lamps are functioning properly. Help Hot Line (U.S.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Upon power-up, the LEDs blinks for five seconds as a visual check that they are functioning. After the five-second test: LED states during power on will vary, depending on whether Expansion Hubs are connected. Refer to Table 7-5 for possible combinations. Table 7-5 During Installation Power On 1. Main Hub power is On with no Expansion Hubs connected.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures 7.4.2 Installing Expansion Hubs The Expansion Hub (2U high) can be installed in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack or in a wall-mountable equipment rack that is available from TE. Allow a clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear and 51 mm (2 in.) sides for air circulation. No top and bottom clearance is required. CAUTION: Install Expansion Hubs in indoor locations only.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Installing an Expansion Hub Using the 12” Wall-Mounted Rack Considerations: • The rack (PN4712) is 305 mm (12 in.) deep. The Expansion Hub is 381 mm (15 in.) deep. You must move the rack mounting brackets on the Expansion Hub, as shown in Figure 7-16) to the center mounting position to allow for the 76 mm (3 in.) rear clearance that is required. • The maximum weight the rack can hold is 22.5 kg (50 lbs).
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Installing a Fusion Wideband Expansion Hub Directly to the Wall To install the Hub directly to the wall: 1. Pre-install 3/4” plywood to the wall. 2. Mount both of the rack mounting brackets using #10-32 machine screws (refer to illustration Figure 7-17). 3. Attach the Hub to the wall so the mounting brackets are orientated at the top and bottom of the wall mounted hub. (Refer to Figure 7-18.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Figure 7-18 Installing Directly to the Wall NOTE: Leave the dust caps on the fiber ports until you are ready to connect the fiber optic cables. Installing an Optional Cable Manager in the Rack • Using the screws provided, fasten the cable manager to the rack, immediately above or below the Expansion Hub. Powering On the Expansion Hub 1. 7-28 CONFIDENTIAL Connect the AC or DC power as explained in “Making Power Connections” on page 7-18.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures 2. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub and check that all the LED lamps are functioning properly. Upon power-up, the LEDs blinks for five seconds as a visual check that they are functioning. After the five-second test: • The POWER and UL STATUS LEDs should be green. – If the uplink fiber is not connected, the UL STATUS LED turns red indicating that there is no communication with the Main Hub. • The E-HUB STATUS and DL STATUS LEDs should be red.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures If the UL STATUS and E-HUB STATUS LEDs do not turn green/green, check the Main Hub LEDs. Refer to page 7-24, item 2 in Table 7-5. If the fiber jumper is color-coded (for example, “blue” or “red”): 1. Connect “red” to DOWNLINK on Expansion Hub. The DL STATUS LED should turn green as soon as you connect the fiber. If it does not, there is a downlink problem. Make sure you are connecting the correct cable to the port. 2. Connect “blue” to UPLINK on Expansion Hub.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation • All Expansion Hub PORT LEDs with RAUs connected should indicate Green/Red. This indicates that the RAU is powered on and communication has been established. • The Expansion Hub UL STATUS LED should be Green. Table 7-6 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation During Installation LED State Action Impact 1.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures 7.4.3 Installing RAUs CAUTION: Install RAUs in indoor locations only. Do not connect an antenna that is installed in an outdoor location to an RAU. For outdoor installations, a protective enclosure is required. Installing RAUs Mount all RAUs in the locations marked on the floor plans.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures 800/850 MHz Isolation Requirements When deploying any RF system, give special attention to preventing receiver blocking or desensitization by out-of-band transmitters. Typically, sharp filters in the receiver front-end will reduce the interfering transmitters to tolerable levels. In select cases, the interferers may occupy a frequency band that is directly adjacent to the receiving band and cannot be adequately rejected by filtering.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures 800 MHz iDEN Downlink and 850 MHz Cellular Uplink A 2 MHz frequency gap (851 – 849 MHz) separates the 800 iDEN downlink and 850 Cellular uplink frequency bands. Because of this narrow spacing, 800 iDEN downlink intermodulation products may fall within the 850 Cellular uplink band.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures • Verify that only captive centerpin 75 Ohm Type-F connectors are used on the solid copper center conductor CATV 75 Ohm cable. • Verify that the CATV cable is labeled with: • Fusion Wideband Main Hub port number being used • RAU identifier • Carrier (for multiple operator systems) To connect the CATV cable: 1. Connect the CATV cables to the F female port on the RAU according to the label on the cable.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Table 7-7 During Installation The RAU is connected to the Fusion Wideband Expansion Hub, which is powered on Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation LED State Action Impact LINK Off Check CATV cable. No power to the RAU. ALARM Off LINK Green The RAU is off-line. ALARM Red • Check CATV cable • Check Hub LEDs Refer to page 7-31, item 2 in Table 7-6. • Use AdminBrowser to determine the problem.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures All LEDs blink through the power up sequence. At each port where an RAU is detected (drawing current), the port LEDs lights green. The Fusion Wideband STATUS LED is orange during system boot and should turn green after about 90 seconds if it finds no faults. This state indicates the band’s are not programmed and provides feedback on the status of the RAU connections. The LEDs blink for 20 seconds as a visual check that they are functioning. 5.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures 3. Make note of the current IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway, if they are configured. You will need to re-enter them after you have configured the Fusion Wideband Main Hub. 4. Select Use the following IP address. 5. Change the IP address to 192.168.0.101 6. Change the Subnet mask to 255.255.255.0 7. Change the Default gateway to 192.168.0.1 8. Click OK twice. You may be asked if you want to reboot your computer. If so, click Yes. Windows XP 1.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Using AdminBrowser To access Fusion Wideband using AdminBrowser, use the following steps: 1. Make sure the Main Hub “Status” LED is green. 2. Launch your web browser, type Https://192.168.0.100 in the URL line, and click Go. 3. When AdminBrowser appears, log in using the default user ID: operator, and the default password: password. 4. Click System Configuration and then click Set Date/Time. A window similar to Figure 7-23 appears.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Figure 7-24 7. AdminBrowser Configuration Window If desired, type in a label. The label is the system name displayed next to the icons and used in messages.It can be up to 32 characters long depending upon the firmware version. The default system label is “Fusion” and will be used if you enter nothing. 8. Use the next section to schedule a System Test. This section allows you to do the following: • Click the check box to enable this feature.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures Figure 7-25 10. AdminBrowser Configuration Window for Non WiMAX In the Band area, do the following: • You should not have to select the bands. The system self configures the band by validating that all the RAUs connected are the same type. • When both bands are not configured, use the Shutdown check box. The system ignores any alarms generated from the shutdown bands. • Use the pull-down to specify the Uplink and Downlink gain for each band.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures • Select the Center Frequency and Bandwidth using the arrows next to the fields. The center frequency is the frequency of WiMAX radios being used for Band 1 and Band 2. NOTE: In MIMO mode, the frequencies are the same. The system can be configured to support 2-SISO radios, one per band, across any 30 MHz within the WiMAX band. • Use the pull-down to select the Switching Mode. This indicates whether or not the downlink-to-uplink frame duration is known.
Fusion Wideband Installation Procedures 12. Use the scroll bar on the left side of the window to scroll down to view the rest of the window as shown below. 13. In the Input/Output Alarms area, do the following for each Alarm Sense: • Enable each Alarm Sense by using the check box. • Use the pull-down to set the Normal State to Closed or Opened. (The default is “Closed.” • Assign a label to each alarm sense. 14.
Splicing Fiber Optic Cable NOTE: TE equipment is designed to operate in the licensed frequency bands of mobile operators. In the USA, the EU, and most countries this equipment may only be used by the licensee, his authorized agents or those with written authorization to do so. Similarly, unauthorized use is illegal, and subjects the owner to the corresponding legal sanctions of the national jurisdiction involved. Ownership of TE equipment carries no automatic right of use. 7.
Splicing Fiber Optic Cable 5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for the SC/APC pigtail. 6. Pass the splice sleeve onto the fiber strand. 7. Position both fiber ends in the fusion splicer and complete splice in accordance with the fusion splicer’s operation instructions. 8. Ensure that the estimated loss for the splice as measured by the fusion splicer is 0.10 dB or better. 9. Slide the fusion splicing sleeve over the point of the fusion splice. 10.
Interfacing the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to an RF Source NOTE: Refer to Section 9 for troubleshooting. 7.6 Interfacing the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to an RF Source WARNING: Only TE personnel or TE-authorized installation personnel should connect the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to its Band associated base station or repeater. Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure of the Fusion Wideband Main Hub (refer to Section 5.2 on page 5-4 for maximum power specifications).
Interfacing the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to an RF Source 2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the Hub for the corresponding Band 1 or Band 2. 3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the receive simplex connector on the base station. 4. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK connector on the Hub for the corresponding Band 1 or Band 2.
Interfacing the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to an RF Source Figure 7-28 Duplex Base Station to a Fusion Wideband Main Hub Band 1 UL1 Band 3 Band 2 UL2 UL3 AC Power Alarms DL1 DL2 DL3 N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Circulator Insert attenuator, if needed N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Duplex Base Station Note: This applies to either Band 1, Band 2, Band 3.
Interfacing the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to an RF Source Connecting a Fusion Wideband Main Hub RF Band to Multiple BTSs WARNING: Only TE personnel or TE-authorized installation personnel should connect the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to a base station or repeater. Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure of the Fusion Wideband Main Hub (refer to Section 5.2 on page 5-4 for maximum power specifications). If the maximum composite power is too high, attenuation is required.
Interfacing the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to an RF Source Connecting a Fusion Wideband Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna TE recommends that you use a lightning arrestor or surge protector in a roof-top antenna configuration. Insert the lightning arrestor or surge protector between the roof-top antenna and the repeater connected to the Fusion Wideband Main Hub RF Band. 1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the roof-top antenna. 2.
Interfacing the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to an RF Source Connecting a Fusion Wideband Main Hub to FlexWave Focus Refer to the FlexWave Focus manual for information. 7.6.2 Connecting Multiple Fusion Wideband Main Hubs to an RF Source You can use power combiner/splitters as splitters to connect multiple Fusion Wideband Main Hubs in order to increase the total number of RAUs in a system.
Interfacing the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to an RF Source d. From the second Hub’s DOWNLINK port (Band 1, Band 2, or Band 3) to the second power combiner/splitter NOTE: Connections should not cross Bands. For example, all Band 1 connections should be made to the same hybrid power combiner/splitter connected to the repeater BTS that matches the Band 1 frequency. 3. Check Hub LEDs. After connecting and powering on the Hub, check all LEDs to ensure that the system is operating properly.
Interfacing the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to an RF Source Connecting Two Fusion Wideband Main Hub’s RF Band Ports to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station Figure 7-31 Band 1 UL1 Band 3 Band 2 UL2 UL3 AC Power Alarms DL1 DL2 DL3 Band 1 UL1 Band 3 Band 2 UL2 UL3 AC Power Alarms DL1 DL2 DL3 N-male to N-male Coaxial Jumper Cables between Combiner/Splitter and Fusion Main Hub’s Uplink Port for either Band 1, Band 2, or Band 3.
Interfacing the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to an RF Source Connecting Multiple Wideband Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or BTS WARNING: Only TE personnel or TE-authorized installation personnel should connect the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to a base station or repeater. Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure of the Fusion Wideband Main Hub (refer to Section 5.2 on page 5-4 for maximum power specifications). If the maximum composite power is too high, attenuation is required.
Interfacing the Fusion Wideband Main Hub to an RF Source 4. Check Hub LEDs. After connecting and powering on the Hub, check all LEDs to ensure that the system is operating properly. Make sure the Main Hub is grounded. The warranty does not cover damage caused when an ungrounded Hub is powered on. NOTE: Use a 50 ohm terminator on any unused power combiner/splitter ports. Figure 7-32 shows how to connect two Hubs to a duplex repeater or base station.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Fusion Wideband System 7.7 Connecting Contact Alarms to a Fusion Wideband System The Fusion Wideband Main Hub can generate (source) two contact alarms as well as sense three external contact alarm. • Alarm Source (refer to Section 7.7.1 on page 7-57) The Fusion Wideband Main Hub has two alarm contacts, fault (major) and warning (minor). These contacts are normally-closed (NC) and will open when an internal alarm is detected.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Fusion Wideband System 7.7.1 Alarm Source Fusion Wideband always acts as an alarm source, no matter what type of equipment you are connecting to. Refer to Section 7.7.2 on page 7-60 if you want Fusion Wideband to sense Unison contact closures or other external alarms.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Fusion Wideband System Using a Base Station to Monitor Fusion Wideband NOTE: The BTS must be configured, by the carrier, for contact closure monitoring prior to connecting a Fusion Wideband Main Hub to it. When you connect a BTS to Fusion Wideband, the Fusion Wideband Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and the BTS is the input (alarm sense), as shown in Figure 7-34. An interface cable is required between the daisy-chain cable and the BTS.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Fusion Wideband System Using a Base Station and AdminBrowser to Monitor Fusion Wideband NOTE: The BTS must be configured, by the carrier, for contact closure monitoring prior to connecting a Fusion Wideband Main Hub to it. In order to take full advantage of Fusion Wideband’s OA&M capabilities you can use TE’s AdminBrowser software in addition to a BTS to monitor the system, as shown in Figure 7-35. Refer to Section 7.8.7 for SNMP optional feature capabilities.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Fusion Wideband System 7.7.2 Alarm Sense Use AdminBrowser to enable the Fusion Wideband system for “alarm sense” when connecting to the contact closure of Unison Main Hubs or other external alarms (refer to Set Contact Sense Properties in the AdminBrowser User Manual).
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Fusion Wideband System Figure 7-37 Alarm Sense Contacts +5V 8 External Equipment Contacts 1 Diagnostic I Help Hot Line (U.S.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Fusion Wideband System 7.7.3 Alarm Cables 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable Figure 7-38 shows the 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable (PN 4024-3), which supports fault and warning conditions. Figure 7-38 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable 1.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options 7.8 Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options The following connectivity options are described: • Section 7.8.1 Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-63 • Section 7.8.2 Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-64 • Section 7.8.3 100 BASE-T Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-73 • Section 7.8.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . . . . . . .
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options 7.8.2 Modem Connection In this configuration, the PC and the Fusion Wideband Main Hub connect to analog modems and communicate using a standard dial-up telephone connection. Figure 7-40 OA&M Modem Connection Straight-through modem cable (#4028-10) Modem #140272-0 PSTN Modem Straight-through modem cable #4028-10 PC running Standard Browser Software #140272-0 NOTE: Refer to Appendix A.3 on page A-7 for the modem cable wiring information.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options Figure 7-41 4. Default Dial-in Settings (Fusion Wideband Hub) Make sure the modem type is: “None” • The Modem init string is for a USR modem. • The server address is the IP address of the MH. 5. 7.8.2.2 Click Setup Connection. Setting Up a PC Modem Using Windows Use the following sets to set up a dial-up connection on your PC: 1. Click Start, Settings, Network Connections. The window shown in Figure 7-42 appears. Help Hot Line (U.S.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options Figure 7-42 2. Click Create a new connection. The window shown in Figure 7-43 appears. Figure 7-43 3. 7-66 CONFIDENTIAL Network Connections Window New Connection Wizard - Welcome Window Click Next. The window shown in Figure 7-44 appears.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options Figure 7-44 4. Select Connect to the network at my workplace and click Next. The window shown in Figure 7-45 appears. Figure 7-45 5. New Connection Wizard - Network Connection Type Window New Connection Wizard - Network Connection Window Select Dial-up connection and click Next. The window shown in Figure 7-46 appears. Help Hot Line (U.S.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options Figure 7-46 6. Type a name for this connection and click Next. The window shown in Figure 7-47 appears. Figure 7-47 7. 7-68 CONFIDENTIAL New Connection Wizard - Connection Name Window New Connection Wizard - Phone Number to Dial Window Type the desired dial in phone number and click Next. The window shown in Figure 7-48 appears.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options Figure 7-48 8. Select Anyone’s use and click Next. The window shown in Figure 7-49 appears. Figure 7-49 9. New Connection Wizard - Connection Availability Window New Connection Wizard - Completing New Connection Window Click Finish. The window shown in Figure 7-50 appears. Help Hot Line (U.S.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options Figure 7-50 10. Connect Fusion Wideband Hub Window Type a password as indicated and click Properties. The window shown in Figure 7-51 appears. The default parameters are as follows: • User name: ppp_user • Password (one word, all lower case): password Figure 7-51 11. 7-70 CONFIDENTIAL Fusion Wideband Hub Properties Window Click Configure... The window shown in Figure 7-52 appears.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options Figure 7-52 Modem Configuration Window 12. Select the modem speed and other parameters for your modem as desired and click OK. 13. Select the Security tab. The window shown in Figure 7-53 appears. Figure 7-53 14. Fusion Wideband Hub Properties - Security Tab Window Select Typical and then click the Networking tab. The window shown in Figure 7-54 appears. Help Hot Line (U.S.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options Figure 7-54 15. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) as shown and click Properties. The window shown in Figure 7-55 appears. Figure 7-55 7-72 CONFIDENTIAL Fusion Wideband Hub Properties - Networking Tab Window Internet Protocol Properties Window 16. Select Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server address automatically and click OK. 17.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options 7.8.3 100 BASE-T Port Expander Connection In this configuration a LAN switch is used to allow the connection of multiple devices to a single PC with a 100 BASE-T port. Testing was performed with a Linksys 4-port switch. Each Fusion Wideband MH must have a unique IP address. Figure 7-56 OA&M Connection using a 232 Port Expander AdminBrowser software is resident in Fusion Wideband.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options 7.8.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection Using a line sharing switch, you can connect two or more modems to a single telephone line.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options Figure 7-58 Straight-through modem cable PC running Standard Browser Software Cascading Line Sharing Switches 4-port: #240031-0 8-port: #240052-0 PSTN Modem Line Sharing Switch Standard phone cable 4-port: #240031-0 8-port: #240052-0 Line Sharing Switch M o d e m M o d e m M o d e m M o d e m Line Sharing Switch Straightthrough modem cables 7.8.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options 7.8.6 Ethernet LAN Connection An Ethernet LAN connection can be used to communicate between the PC and Fusion Wideband. Testing was performed with an Linksys 4-port LAN switch.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options 7.8.7 SNMP Interface Faults and warnings can also be diagnosed with SNMP using a standard (NMS) network management system (optional). SNMP resident software in Fusion Wideband provides SNMP interactions for Traps and Notification. The Fusion Wideband SNMP includes a MIB for integrating into the Network Management System (NMS) and supports SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c. Figure 7-60 Fusion Wideband SNMP Configuration Options Help Hot Line (U.S.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options 7-78 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Fusion Wideband Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620616-0-20 Rev F
Replacing Fusion Wideband Components SECTION 8 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 8.1 Replacing an RAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 • Section 8.2 Replacing a Fusion Wideband Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3 • Section 8.3 Replacing a Fusion Wideband Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4 8.1 Replacing an RAU Be aware that the new RAU must support the same bands as the one you are replacing.
Replacing an RAU 11. Set the attenuation of each band as the old RAU was programmed and click SAVE PROPERTIES. Perform System Test When convenient, perform System Test to optimize performance. During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is being transmitted. Checking the RAU’s LEDs 1. The RAU’s LINK and ALARM LEDs should blink (green/red) on power up. • If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the RAU. 2.
Replacing a Fusion Wideband Expansion Hub 8.2 Replacing a Fusion Wideband Expansion Hub Replacing a Fusion Wideband Expansion Hub 1. Turn off the power to the Expansion Hub. 2. Disconnect all CATV cables, both fiber cables, and the AC power cord. 3. Replace the Expansion Hub with a new one. 4. Connect the AC power cord, all CATV cables, and both fiber cables – remembering to clean and correctly connect the uplink and downlink fiber. 5. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub.
Replacing a Fusion Wideband Main Hub 8.3 Replacing a Fusion Wideband Main Hub You must record the system configuration settings from the old Fusion Wideband Main Hub’s memory before replacing the unit. You will program the new Main Hub with this information. If the Main Hub is programmed incorrectly, the system will not work.
Replacing a Fusion Wideband Main Hub 10. Click SYSTEM CONFIGURATION and click on SETUP NETWORK CONNECTION OR MODEM CONNECTION if the Main Hub has Network or Modem equipment connected to it. During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is being transmitted. Checking the Main Hub’s LEDs • The LEDs should blink through a 5-second test on power up. • If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Main Hub.
Replacing a Fusion Wideband Main Hub 8-6 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Fusion Wideband Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-x620616-0-20 Rev F
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance SECTION 9 This section contains the following subsections: • Section 9.1 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 • Section 9.2 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2 • Section 9.3 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3 • Section 9.4 Troubleshooting CATV . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maintenance 9.2 Maintenance Keep the fiber ports clean and free of dust. No other periodic maintenance of the Fusion Wideband equipment is required. To clean the fiber ports: You can clean the Hub’s fiber ports using canned compressed air or isopropyl alcohol and cotton swabs. Considerations: • If you use compressed air: • The air must be free of dust, water, and oil. • Hold the can level during use. • If using isopropyl alcohol and foam-tipped swab: • Use only 98% pure or more alcohol.
Troubleshooting 9.3 Troubleshooting NOTE: Fusion Wideband has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through TE.
Troubleshooting 9.3.1 Troubleshooting Using AdminBrowser Use AdminBrowser software to determine the current faults and warnings for all of the units in the system. To troubleshoot, start with the Fusion Wideband Main Hub’s faults AND warnings, then proceed to each of the Expansion Hubs, finishing with each of the RAUs. NOTE: AdminBrowser v1.00 displays events (faults, warnings, or status messages) depending on your view preference. To change your view preference, refer to Section 3.3.
Troubleshooting b. Under Alarms, click CLEAR ALL DISCONNECTS at the Fusion Wideband Main Hub. c. Power cycle the Fusion Wideband Main Hub. d. RAU hardware faults. Try moving a working CATV to the suspect port and verifying that the RAU comes up OK. e. Try isolating the system components: – Check to see if the whole system is effected or a portion of the system. – If the whole system is effected, disconnect the DAS system from the RF source and see if the RF source is working.
Troubleshooting 9.3.2.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation All of the Main Hub’s LEDs should be green during normal operation. If any LEDs are red, get status using AdminBrowser to determine the exact cause and recommendations. Table 9-1 During Normal Operation Expansion Hub Not Connected Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation Main Hub Port LEDs State Action Impact PORT Red If the Expansion Hub was disconnected accidentally, re-connect the cables.
Troubleshooting Table 9-2 During Normal Operation Main Hub Status LEDs At Any Time MAIN HUB STATUS Troubleshooting Main Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation State Action Impact Red Use AdminBrowser to determine the exact cause of the fault. Internal Main Hub fault. Power cycle one time. If the fault remains, replace the Main Hub. Use AdminBrowser to check if the Main Hub is commanded Out-of-Service (every Expansion Hub port status LED will be red as well).
Troubleshooting 9.3.2.2 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation • All of the Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs that have RAUs connected should be Green/Green, indicating that the RAU is powered on, communication is established, and operation is normal. • The POWER, EHUB STATUS, DL STATUS, and UL STATUS LEDs should all be Green.
Troubleshooting Table 9-4 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation During Normal Operation Expansion Hub Status LEDs State Action Impact At Any Time UL STATUS Red Check uplink fiber for optical loss. No communications between the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub. Power cycle Expansion Hub one time to check uplink laser. Red Check the downlink fiber for optical loss No communications with the Main Hub.
Troubleshooting CATV 9.4 Troubleshooting CATV The following table summarizes CATV problems, as reported by AdminBrowser if a cable is cut or miswired. NOTE: Recommended minimum and maximum CATV cable lengths vary depending upon the type of CATV cable used. Refer to Section 6.1.2, “Cable and Connector Requirements,” on page 6-2. Table 9-5 Summary of CATV Cable Wiring Problems Problem Type Message Loose connector, shorted conductor or improper connection to the shield.
Cables and Connectors APPENDIX A A.1 75 Ohm CATV Cable • Connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU(s) • Transmits multiband (downlink) and receives (uplink) IF signals • Delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Fusion Wideband Hub’s DC voltage output is 54V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit is used to protect the Hub if it reaches its current limit • Carries configuration and status information • Use 75 Ohm type-F connectors with captive centerpins • Lengths: RG-59: • Minimum: 0 meters (0 ft.
Figure A-1 A-2 CONFIDENTIAL CommScope 2065V for RG-59 InterReach Fusion Wideband Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620616-0-20 Rev F
Figure A-2 CommScope 2279V for RG-6 Help Hot Line (U.S.
Figure A-3 CommScope 2293K for RG-11 NOTE: TE requires solid copper center conductor CATV cable for proper DC voltage to the RAU and maximum distances.
Use the following connectors and tools to prepare the cable ends: CommScope cable part number: 2065V Canare part number: F connector FP-C4F Crimp Tool TC-1, Crimp Die TCD-4C, Cable Strip preparation tool TS100E CommScope cable part number: 2279V Canare part number: F connector FP-C55A Crimp Tool TC-1, Crimp Die TCD-35CA, Cable Strip preparation tool TS100E CommScope cable part number: 2293V Canare part number: F connector FP-C71A Crimp Tool TC-1, Crimp Die TCD-7CA, Cable Strip preparation tool TS100E If the
Table A-1 Cable Type System Gain (Loss) Relative to CATV Cable Length Zero-loss RF Maximum Length (meters) Distance Where RF is 10dB Below Input RF (meters) 130 180 X 100 100* X 95 95* 130 180 140 190 140 150* 140 140* X 140 190 X 235 320 CommScope Part Number Plenum Rated Solid Copper Conductor 2065V Yes X 2022V Yes 5572R No 5565 No X 2279V Yes X 2275V Yes X 5726 No X 5765 No 2293K Yes Copper Clad Conductor RG-59 RG-6 RG-11 2285K Yes X 235 300* 5
• Distances: • Multi-mode Fiber: up to 500 m (1,640 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximum • Single-mode Fiber: up to 6 km (19,685 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximum A.3 Coaxial Cable • Connects a Fusion Wideband Hub to a repeater or base station (N-type connectors) • Connects an RAU to a passive antenna (N-type connectors) A.4 Standard Modem Cable This cable (PN 4028-10) connects a modem to the Fusion Wideband Hub’s front panel serial port.
A.5 TCP/IP Cross-over Cable A TCP/IP cross-over cable (PN 4069-ADB) is used to connect a standard browser PC to the AdminBrowser with a Fusion Wideband Hub. A cable is included with the Fusion Wideband Hub. The pinouts for this cable are illustrated in Figure A-2.
A.6 DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable Use a DB-9 female to DB-9 female null modem cable to connect the craft person’s PC/Laptop to the RS-232 port on the front of the Fusion Wideband Hub for IP address configuration. Table A-2 lists the cable pinout and Figure A-3 shows a diagram of its wiring.
A-10 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Fusion Wideband Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620616-0-20 Rev F
Compliance APPENDIX B B.1 Fusion Wideband System Approval Status InterReach Fusion Wideband has been approved as shown below. 700 MHz LTE Products • Safety: UL, CSA, CB Scheme certificate to IEC 60950, 3rd Edition, and IEC 60950-1, 1st Edition, with all national deviations. • EMC: FCC part 15 class A • Radio: FCC part 27 800 SMR/iDEN Products • Safety: UL, CSA, CB Scheme certificate to IEC 60950, 3rd Edition, and IEC 60950-1, 1st Edition, with all national deviations.
1800 DCS Products • Safety: UL, CSA, CB Scheme certificate to IEC 60950, 3rd Edition, and IEC 60950-1, 1st Edition, with all national deviations. • EMC: EN 301 489-8 V1.2.1 • Radio: EN 301 502 V8.1.2 1900 PCS Products • Safety: UL, CSA, CB Scheme certificate to IEC 60950, 3rd Edition, and IEC 60950-1, 1st Edition, with all national deviations.
InterReach Fusion Wideband Main Hub and Expansion Hub • Safety: UL, CSA, CB Scheme certificate to IEC 60950-1, First Edition, with all national deviations. • EMC: CISPR 22A • EMC: CISPR 24 NOTE: For Canadian customers, the Manufacturer’s rated output power1 of this equipment is for single carrier operation. For situations when multiple carrier signals are present, the rating would have to be reduced by 3.
B.2 Human Exposure to RF The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has developed guidelines for evaluation of human exposure to RF emissions. The guidelines incorporate limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) for power density of transmitters operating at frequencies between 300 kHz and 100 GHz. Limits have been set for portable, mobile, and fixed equipment.
Using S = PG/4R2 S = 224/(4x3.14) x (122)2 = 0.001 mW/cm2 Also, assuming a minimum distance of 20 cm according to FCC regulations” S = 224/(4 x 3.14) x (20)2 = 0.04 mW/cm2 Help Hot Line (U.S.
B-6 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Fusion Wideband Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620616-0-20 Rev F
Faults, Warnings, Status Tables for Fusion, Fusion Wideband, Fusion SingleStar APPENDIX C This appendix contains the following sections: • Section C.1 Faults Reported by Main Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 • Section C.2 Faults Reported for System CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5 • Section C.3 Faults for Expansion Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6 • Section C.4 Faults for RAUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NOTE: If you have a red STATUS LED without a fault message, it probably indicates that the unit is locked out. Table C-1 C-2 CONFIDENTIAL Fault Messages for Main Hubs Message Number Description Reason/Action {MF01} Software error occurred and recovered. If this happens repeatedly, replace the Hub. {MF02} Software error occurred and recovered. If this happens repeatedly, replace the Hub. {MF03} Software error occurred and recovered. If this happens repeatedly, replace the Hub.
Table C-1 Fault Messages for Main Hubs (continued) Message Number Description {MF33} Hardware failure (DL PLL Band 3). Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the Hub. {MF34} Hardware failure (UL PLL Band 3). Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the Hub. {ML35} Commanded Out-of-service (Band 3). Band 3 commanded out-of-service by User. {MF36} Hardware failure (638 MHz PLL). Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the Hub. {MF37} Hardware failure (656 MHz PLL).
Table C-1 C-4 CONFIDENTIAL Fault Messages for Main Hubs (continued) Message Number Description Reason/Action {MT148} Port 4 Cable Fault. Possible electrical short in the coax cable, or RAU problem. {MT149} Port 5 Cable Fault. Possible electrical short in the coax cable, or RAU problem. {MT150} Port 6 Cable Fault. Possible electrical short in the coax cable, or RAU problem. {MT151} Port 7 Cable Fault. Possible electrical short in the coax cable, or RAU problem. {MT152} Port 8 Cable Fault.
C.2 Faults Reported for System CPU Table C-2 Faults for System CPU Message Number Description Reason/Action {SF01} No internal communications. No internal communications in preceding 2 minutes. Power cycle to clear. {SF02} Unable to open file (sysinfo). System CPU rebooted. {SF03} Unable to open file (sysstat). System CPU rebooted. {SF04} Invalid internal response. System CPU rebooted, internal command does not return valid response after 4 retries. {SF05} No MAC address.
C.3 Faults for Expansion Hubs Table C-3 Fault Messages for Expansion Hubs Message Number C-6 CONFIDENTIAL Description Reason/Action {EF01} Software error occurred and recovered. If this happens repeatedly, replace the Hub. {EF02} Software reset occurred and recovered, or firmware download. If this happens repeatedly, replace the Hub. {EF03} Software reset occurred and recovered. If this happens repeatedly, replace the Hub. {EF04} Software reset occurred and recovered.
Table C-3 Fault Messages for Expansion Hubs (continued) Message Number Description Reason/Action {EF26} Fault lockout (Band 2). Band 2 out-of-service due to MH fault. {EF27} Problem detected in the EH. Contact TE Support for more information. {EF28} Problem detected in the EH. Contact TE Support for more information. {EF29} Problem detected in the EH. Contact TE Support for more information. {EF30} Problem detected in the EH. Contact TE Support for more information.
Table C-3 Fault Messages for Expansion Hubs (continued) Message Number C-8 CONFIDENTIAL Description Reason/Action {EC143} Port 7 No Communications. No communications with remote unit. {EC144} Port 8 No Communications. No communications with remote unit. {ET145} Port 1 Cable Fault. Possible electrical short in the coaxial cable, or an RAU problem. {ET146} Port 2 Cable Fault. Possible electrical short in the coaxial cable, or an RAU problem. {ET147} Port 3 Cable Fault.
C.4 Faults for RAUs Table C-4 Faults for RAUs Message Number Description Reason/Action {RF01} Software error occurred and recovered. If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. {RF02} Software error occurred and recovered. If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. {RF03} Software error occurred and recovered. If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. {RF04} Software reset occurred and recovered, or firmware download. If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU.
C.5 Messages for Main Hubs Warning Messages Warnings alert you to conditions that indicate possible service impact. Warnings are displayed in the Messages pane in red lettering. Before addressing warnings, ensure that all faults are resolved. Take appropriate action to resolve the warnings, as indicated in the following tables. NOTE: AdminBrowser v000007 or higher displays events (faults, warnings, or status messages) depending on your view preference. To change your view preference, refer to Section 3.
Table C-5 Warnings/Status Messages for Main Hubs Message Number/ Default Description Reason/Action [M01]/S Fan 1 failure. Check the fan for rotation, air flow blockage, and dust. Replace the Hub on high temperature warning. [M02]/S Fan 2 failure. Check the fan for rotation, air flow blockage, and dust. Replace the Hub on high temperature warning. [M03]/S 54 VDC Pwr Supply Fan failure. Check the fan for rotation, air flow blockage, and dust. Replace the Hub on high temperature warning.
Table C-5 C-12 CONFIDENTIAL Warnings/Status Messages for Main Hubs (continued) Message Number/ Default Description Reason/Action [M30]/W No DL test tone (Band 2). Hub DL path gain is low. [M31]/S No UL test tone (Band 2). Hub UL path gain is low. [M32]/S Problem detected in the system. Contact TE Support for more information. [M33]/S Hardware failure (Test Tone PLL Band 3). Unable to perform DL system test. [M34]/S Hardware failure (Test Tone Too High Band 3).
Table C-5 Warnings/Status Messages for Main Hubs (continued) Message Number/ Default Description Reason/Action [M66]/S No UL test tone Port 2 (Band 1). Hub/Port UL path gain is low. [M67]/S No UL test tone Port 3 (Band 1). Hub/Port UL path gain is low. [M68]/S No UL test tone Port 4 (Band 1). Hub/Port UL path gain is low. [M69]/S No UL test tone Port 1 (Band 2). Hub/Port UL path gain is low. [M70]/S No UL test tone Port 2 (Band 2). Hub/Port UL path gain is low.
Table C-5 C-14 CONFIDENTIAL Warnings/Status Messages for Main Hubs (continued) Message Number/ Default Description Reason/Action [M92]/W Port 4 UL path loss is high. Check the cable for high RF loss. Switch the cable connection to a different hub port. If the problem is on more than one port, replace the Hub, otherwise replace the RAU. [M93]/W Port 5 UL path loss is high. Check the cable for high RF loss. Switch the cable connection to a different hub port.
Table C-5 C.6 Warnings/Status Messages for Main Hubs (continued) Message Number/ Default Description Reason/Action [M120)/S Port 8 UL Pilot Invalid Enable. Check all downstream units for uplink pilot control. [M121)/S 3.3 VDC Monitor. Possible 3.3 VDC failure. [M122)/W TDD signaling tone outside valid range (Band 1). Replace the Hub. [M123)/W TDD signaling tone outside valid range (Band 2). Replace the Hub.
C.7 Messages for Expansion Hubs Table C-7 C-16 CONFIDENTIAL Warning/Status Message for Expansion Hubs Message Number /Default Description Reason/Action [E01]/W Alarm Input 1. Check the equipment connected to alarm input 1. [E02]/W Alarm Input 2. Check the equipment connected to alarm input 2. [E03]/W Alarm Input 3. Check the equipment connected to alarm input 3. [E04]/S Problem detected in the EH. Contact TE Support for more information. [E05]/W SNMP Trap #1. TBD.
Table C-7 Warning/Status Message for Expansion Hubs (continued) Message Number /Default Description Reason/Action [E33]/W Port 1 No DL test tone (Band 2). Hub/Port DL path gain is low. [E34]/W Port 2 No DL test tone (Band 2). Hub/Port DL path gain is low. [E35]/W Port 3 No DL test tone (Band 2). Hub/Port DL path gain is low. [E36]/W Port 4 No DL test tone (Band 2). Hub/Port DL path gain is low. [E37]/W Port 5 No DL test tone (Band 2). Hub/Port DL path gain is low.
Table C-7 C-18 CONFIDENTIAL Warning/Status Message for Expansion Hubs (continued) Message Number /Default Description Reason/Action [E59]/W Port 3 UL path loss is high. Check the cable for high RF loss. Switch the cable connection to a different hub port. If the problem is on more than one port, replace the Hub, otherwise replace the RAU. [E60]/W Port 4 UL path loss is high. Check the cable for high RF loss. Switch the cable connection to a different hub port.
C.8 Messages for RAUs In Table C-8, the message number is in the following form: [Rnn]/X where nn equals the message number, and X equals the default of either Status (S) or Warning (W). Table C-8 Warning/Status Messages for RAUs Message Number Default Description Reason/Action [R01]/W Temperature High. Check RAU location for excessive temperature; check for air flow blockage and/or incorrect installation. Move the RAU to a cooler environment. [R02]/W No communications from Hub.
Table C-8 C-20 CONFIDENTIAL Warning/Status Messages for RAUs (continued) Message Number Default Description Reason/Action [R22]/S High PA current (Band 1). The unit is operating with reduced gain. Verify that the input signal is at the appropriate level. If the problem persists, replace the RAU when possible. [R23]/S High PA current (Band 2). The unit is operating with reduced gain. Verify that the input signal is at the appropriate level. If the problem persists, replace the RAU when possible.
