® InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual CONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev J
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Limited Warranty Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes precedence over the following warranty).
InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual CONFIDENTIAL D-620003-0-20 Rev J
Table of Contents SECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 SECTION 2 Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.2 View Preference SECTION 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 Unison Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4.1.2 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4.1.3 LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.6.2 Uplink Attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-39 6.6.3 RAU Attenuation and ALC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-41 6.7 Designing for a Neutral Host System SECTION 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-44 Installing Unison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 7.1 Installation Requirements 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1 Component Location Requirements . . . . . . . . .
.2 Replacing an Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3 8.3 Replacing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4 SECTION 9 Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 9.1 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1 9.2 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2 9.
List of Figures Figure 2-1 Unison System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 Figure 2-2 OA&M Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Figure 2-3 Local System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 Figure 2-4 Remote System Monitoring and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 Figure 2-5 Alarm Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 7-5 Dual Band RAU Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28 Figure 7-6 Dual-Port Antenna Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29 Figure 7-7 Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35 Figure 7-8 Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-36 Figure 7-9 Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Tables Table 1-1 Type Style Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 Table 2-1 AdminManager and OpsConsole Functional Differences Table 2-2 AdminManager and OpsConsole Connectivity Differences Table 2-3 System Specifications Table 2-4 InterReach Unison Wavelength and Laser Power Table 2-5 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . 2-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13 . . . . . . . . . .
viii CONFIDENTIAL Table 6-4 DCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7 Table 6-5 PCS Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 7-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation Table 7-4 Optional Accessories for Component Installation Table 7-5 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation Table 7-6 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation Table 7-7 Troubleshooting RAU LEDs During Installation Table 7-8 Maximum/Minimum Cable Lengths Table 7-9 Alarm Types Table 7-10 Pin Connections Table 7-11 Input Electrical Characteristics Table 7-12 Output Electrical Characteristics . . . . .
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SECTION 1 General Information This section contains the following subsections: • Section 1.1 Firmware Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 • Section 1.2 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 • Section 1.3 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 • Section 1.4 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Firmware Release 1.1 Firmware Release For the latest Firmware Release and associated documentation, access the LGC Wireless customer portal at LGCWireless.com. 1.2 Purpose and Scope This document describes the InterReachTM Unison system components. • Section 2 InterReach Unison System Description This section provides an overview of the Unison hardware and OA&M capabilities. It also contains system specifications and RF end-to-end performance tables.
Conventions in this Manual • Appendix A Cables and Connectors This appendix contains connector and cable descriptions and requirements, as well as cable pin outs and diagrams. Appendix B Compliance This appendix lists safety and Radio/EMC approvals. • Appendix C Changes and New Capabilities1 This appendix contains a hardware/firmware/software compatibility. • Appendix D Glossary The Glossary provides definitions of commonly-used RF and wireless networking terms. 1.
Acronyms in this Manual CAUTION: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can cause or contribute to a hazardous condition. Damage to the equipment can occur. WARNING: This format is used when a given action or omitted action can result in catastrophic damage to the equipment or cause injury to the user. Procedure This format highlights a procedure. 1.
Acronyms in this Manual Acronym Definition GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile (now translated in English as Global Standard for Mobile Communications) Hz hertz IF intermediate frequency iDEN Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (Motorola variant of TDMA wireless) LAN local area network LO local oscillator mA milliamps MBS microcellular base station MH Main Hub MHz megahertz MMF multi-mode fiber MTBF mean time between failures NF noise figure nm nanometer OA&M operation, administration
Standards Conformance 1.5 Standards Conformance • Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation. • Refer to Appendix B for compliance information. 1.6 Related Publications • AdminManager User Manual, LGC Wireless part number 8810-10 • OpsConsole User Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8800-10 • MetroReach Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8500-10 • LGCell Version 4.
SECTION 2 InterReach Unison System Description InterReach Unison is an intelligent fiber optic/Cat-5/5E/6 wireless networking system designed to handle both wireless voice and data communications and provide high-quality, ubiquitous, seamless access to the wireless network in any public or private facility, including: • Campus environments • Airports • Office buildings • Shopping malls • Hospitals • Subways • Public facilities (convention centers, sports venues, and so on.
Key System Features • Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noise figure. • High downlink composite power and low uplink noise figure for support of a large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna. • Software configurable Main and Expansion Hubs. Thus, the frequency band can be configured in the field.
System Hardware 2.
System OA&M Capabilities 2.2 System OA&M Capabilities The InterReach Unison is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware which enables much of the OA&M functionality. Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (that is, Main Hub, Expansion Hub, Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available. All events occurring in a system, defined as a Main Hub and all of its associated Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units, are automatically reported to the Main Hub.
System OA&M Capabilities LGC Wireless offers two OA&M packages: AdminManager and OpsConsole. Both run on a PC/laptop. • AdminManager communicates with one Main Hub, and its downstream units, at a time. Using AdminManager connected locally or remotely, you can configure a newly installed system, change system parameters, perform an end-to-end system test, or query system status. Refer to the AdminManager User Manual (PN 8810-10) for information about installing and using the AdminManager software.
System OA&M Capabilities Table 2-2 lists connectivity differences between AdminManager and OpsConsole.
System OA&M Capabilities 2.2.1 2.2.1.1 OA&M Software Configuring, Maintaining, and Monitoring Unison Locally Each Main Hub, Expansion Hub, and RAU in the system constantly monitors itself and its downstream units for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of this monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results. The Expansion Hubs monitor their RAUs and store their status in memory.
System OA&M Capabilities 2.2.1.2 Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely • Using AdminManager Remotely You can use AdminManager remotely to call into the Main Hub and query current status, change parameters, or command system end-to-end test. You cannot use AdminManager to continuously monitor system state changes.
System OA&M Capabilities 2.2.2 Using Alarm Contacts You can connect the DB-9 female connector on the rear panel of the Main Hub to a local base station or to a daisy-chained series of Unison, LGCell, and/or MetroReach Focus systems. • When you connect MetroReach Focus or a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and MetroReach Focus or the BTS is the input (alarm sense). This is described in Section 7.7.1 on page 7-43.
System OA&M Capabilities Figure 2-6 Alarm Sense.
System Connectivity 2.3 System Connectivity The double star architecture of the Unison system, illustrated in Figure 2-7, provides excellent system scalability and reliability. The system requires only one pair of fibers for eight antenna points. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an extra antenna for additional coverage, potentially as easy as pulling an extra twisted pair.
System Operation 2.4 System Operation Figure 2-8 Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices) The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station using coaxial cable. Main Hub The Main Hub converts the RF signals to IF, then to optical signals and sends them to Expansion Hubs (up to four) using optical fiber cable.
System Specifications 2.
System Specifications *It is critical to system performance that only SC/APC fiber connectors are used throughout the fiber network, including fiber distribution panels. ** For Japan, see separate addendum – Japan Specification Document. †Excluding angle-brackets for 19'' rack mounting of hubs. Note: Expansion Hub typical power consumption assumes that the Cat-5/6 cable length is no more than 100 meters without a Cat-5 Extender and no more than 170 meters with a Cat-5 Extender. 2.5.
System Specifications 2.5.3 Operating Frequencies Table 2-6 Operating Frequencies RF Passband Freq. Band Unison Band PCS Description Downlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz) PCS6 A, D & B Band (35 MHz) 1930–1965 1850–1885 PCS PCS7 D,B,E & F Band (30 MHz) 1945–1975 1865–1895 PCS PCS8 E, F & C Band (25 MHz) 1965–1990 1885–1910 PCS PCS9 A4/A5/D/B/E 1935-1970 1855-1890 PCS PCS10 A5/D/B/E/F 1940-1975 1860-1895 PCS PCS11 D/B/E/F/C2 1945-1982.5 1865-1902.
System Specifications 2.5.4 RF End-to-End Performance Table 2-7 through Table 2-12 list the RF end-to-end performance of each protocol when using 2 km of single-mode fiber or 1 km of multi-mode fiber. Cellular 800 MHz Table 2-7 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance Parameter Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)* Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 Output IP3 2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF Typical Typical Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 3 dB 3.5 dB 3 dB 3.
System Specifications GSM/EGSM 900 MHz Table 2-9 GSM/EGSM RF End-to-End Performance Parameter 2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF Typical Typical Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)* 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 3 dB 4 dB 3 dB 4 dB Output IP3 38 dBm 38 dBm Input IP3 –7 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm –10 dBm 26 dBm Noise Figure with 1 MH – 1 EH – 8 RAU configuration 16 dB 16 dB Noise Figure with 1 MH – 4 EH – 3
System Specifications PCS 1900 MHz Table 2-11 PCS RF End-to-End Performance Parameter 2 km of SMF 1 km of MMF Typical Typical Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 at 25°C (77°F)* 15 dB Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/5E/6 2.5 dB 15 dB 15 dB 15 dB 3 dB 2.5 dB 3 dB Output IP3 38 dBm 36.
System Specifications AWS 1.7/2.
System Specifications 2-20 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620003-0-20 Rev J
SECTION 3 Unison Main Hub The Main Hub distributes downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system to up to four Expansion Hubs, which in turn distribute the signals to up to 32 Remote Access Units. The Main Hub also combines uplink signals from the associated Expansion Hubs. Figure 3-1 Main Hub in a Unison System Downlink Path: The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system via coaxial cable.
Main Hub Front Panel 3.1 Main Hub Front Panel Figure 3-3 1 Main Hub Front Panel 2 3 1. 4 Four fiber optic ports (labeled PORT 1, PORT 2, PORT 3, PORT 4) • One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF input (labeled UPLINK) • One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF output (labeled DOWNLINK) 2. Four sets of fiber port LEDs (one set per port) • One LED per port for port link status (labeled LINK) • One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled E-HUB/RAU) 3.
Main Hub Front Panel 3.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports The optical fiber uplink/downlink ports transmit and receive optical signals between the Main Hub and up to four Expansion Hubs using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. There are four fiber ports on the front panel of the Main Hub; one port per Expansion Hub. Each fiber port has two female SC/APC connectors: • Optical Fiber Uplink Connector This connector (labeled UPLINK) is used to receive the uplink optical signals from an Expansion Hub.
Main Hub Front Panel 3.1.3 LED Indicators The unit’s front panel LEDs indicate faults and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or whether the system test has been performed. Only use the LEDs to provide basic information or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager. Upon power up, a Main Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps.
Main Hub Front Panel Unit Status LEDs The Main Hub status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-1. These LEDs can be: steady green steady red blinking green/red (alternating green/red) There is no off state when the unit’s power is on. NOTE: AdminManager or OpsConsole must be used for troubleshooting the system. Only use LEDs as backup or for confirmation.
Main Hub Front Panel Port LEDs The Main Hub has one pair of fiber port LEDs for each of the four fiber optic ports. The LED pairs can be in one of the states shown in Table 3-2. These LEDs can be: off steady green steady red The port LEDs indicate the status of the Expansion Hub and RAUs; however, they do not indicate which particular unit has a fault (that is, the Expansion Hub vs. one of its RAUs).
Main Hub Rear Panel 3.2 Main Hub Rear Panel Figure 3-4 1 2 Main Hub Rear Panel 3 4 5 1. Power On/Off switch 2. AC power cord connector 3. Fan exhaust vent 4. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for alarm contact monitoring (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) 5. Two N-type, female connectors: • Downlink (labeled DOWNLINK) • Uplink (labeled UPLINK) Help Hot Line (U.S.
Main Hub Rear Panel 3.2.1 3.2.1.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors 9-pin D-sub Connector The 9-pin D-sub connector (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) provides contacts for fault and warning system alarm monitoring. Table 3-3 lists the function of each pin on the 9-pin D-sub connector.
Main Hub Specifications 3.3 Main Hub Specifications Table 3-4 Main Hub Specifications Specification** Description Enclosure Dimensions (H × W × D): 44.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.) 1U Weight < 3 kg (< 6.
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages 3.4 3.4.1 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages Description The Main Hub monitors and reports changes or events in system performance to: • Ensure that the fiber receivers, amplifiers, and IF/RF path in the Main Hub are functioning properly. • Ensure that Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units are connected and functioning properly. An event is classified as a fault, warning, or status message. • Faults are service impacting.
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages To modify the setting, select View J Preference and select the desired choice. You can change the setting either while connected to a system or offline. If there is a connection to a system, after the you click OK, AdminManager refreshes and updates the tree view according to the new setting. Note that the setting is strictly visual and only in AdminManager. There is no affect on the hardware itself.
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SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub interfaces between the Main Hub and the Remote Access Unit(s) by converting optical signals to electrical signals and vice versa. It also supplies control signals and DC power to operate the Remote Access Unit(s) as well as passes status information from the RAUs to the Main Hub. Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison System Downlink Path: The Expansion Hub receives downlink optical signals from the Main Hub via fiber optic cable.
Expansion Hub Front Panel 4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel Figure 4-3 1 Expansion Hub Front Panel 2 34 5 1. Eight standard Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable, RJ-45 shielded connectors (labeled PORT 1 , 2, 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ) 2. Eight sets of RJ-45 port LEDs (one set per port) • One LED per port for link status (labeled LINK) • One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled RAU) 3.
Expansion Hub Front Panel 4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors The eight RJ-45 connectors on the Expansion Hub are for the Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cables used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/5E/6 cable. NOTE: For system performance, it is important to use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP (screened twisted pair) cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors. Cat-5/5E/6 cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal.
Expansion Hub Front Panel Unit Status and DL/UL Status LEDs The Expansion Hub unit status and DL/UL status LEDs can be in one of the states shown in Table 4-1. These LEDs can be: steady green steady red There is no off state when the unit’s power is on. Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States LED State Indicates POWER E-HUB STATUS DL STATUS UL STATUS Green / Green • The Expansion Hub is connected to power and all power supplies are operating.
Expansion Hub Front Panel Table 4-1 Expansion Hub Unit Status and DL/UL Status LED States LED State Indicates • Expansion Hub is in factory test mode, return it to the factory. POWER E-HUB STATUS DL STATUS UL STATUS Green / Red POWER E-HUB STATUS DL STATUS UL STATUS Red/ Red Green / Red Red/ Red • One or more power supplies are out of specification. The hub needs to be replaced. Port LEDs The Expansion Hub has one pair of port LEDs for each of the eight RJ-45 ports.
Expansion Hub Rear Panel 4.2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel Figure 4-4 Expansion Hub Rear Panel 4 1 2 3 1. Power on/off switch 2. AC power cord connector 3. Three air exhaust vents 4. DB-9 connector (UNS-EH-2 specific) Table 4-3 DB-9 Pin Connectors Pin Connection Signal Name 1 N/C N/A 2 +5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller ALARM3 3 +5V through a 10K Ohm resistor. Input to micro controller ALARM1 4 GND N/A 5 +5V through a 10K Ohm resistor.
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages 4.3 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages This interface monitors the output contact closures from a Universal Power Supply (UPS). Verify the output contact closure state (normally closed or normally open) of the UPS, and set the appropriate contact definition using AdminManager. • Faults are service impacting. • Warnings indicate a possible service impact. • Status messages are generally not service impacting.
Expansion Hub Specifications 4.4 Expansion Hub Specifications Table 4-4 Expansion Hub Specifications Specification Description Enclosure Dimensions (H × W × D) 89 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.
Unison Remote Access Unit SECTION 5 The Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expansion Hub using industry-standard Cat-5/5E/6 screened twisted pair (ScTP) cable, which delivers RF signals, configuration information, and electrical power to the RAU. An RAU passes RF signals between an Expansion Hub and an attached passive antenna where the signals are transmitted to wireless devices.
Figure 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram Antenna 5-2 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620003-0-20 Rev J
Remote Access Unit Connectors The Unison RAUs are manufactured to a specific band or set of bands. Table 5-1 lists the Unison RAUs, the Unison Band, and the frequency band(s) they cover. Table 5-1 Frequency Bands covered by Unison RAUs RF Passband Unison RAU Part Number Unison Band Downlink (MHz) Uplink (MHz) Cellular UNS-CELL-1 Cellular 869–894 824–849 DCS UNS-DCS-1 GSM UNS-GSM-1 DCS1 1805–1842.5 1710–1747.5 DCS2 1842.5–1880 1747.
LED Indicators 5.1.2 RJ-45 Connector The RAU has one RJ-45 connector that connects it to an Expansion Hub using Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/5E/6 cable. NOTE: For system performance, use only Cat-5/5E/6 ScTP cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors. 5.2 LED Indicators Upon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps. During this time, the LEDs blink green/green red/red.
Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages 5.3 Faults, Warnings, and Status Messages An event is classified as a fault, warning, or status message. • Faults are service impacting. • Warnings indicate a possible service impact. • Status messages are generally not service impacting. NOTE: You can select the type of events AdminManager displays. Refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.
RAUs in a Dual Band System 5.5 RAUs in a Dual Band System A Dual Band Diplexer can be used to connect two RAUs, one that is below 1 GHz and one that is above 1 GHz, for output to a single passive antenna. 3 ft. coaxial cable Unison RAU Cat-5/6 from Expansion Hub Dual Band Diplexer Antenna 3 ft. coaxial cable Unison RAU Cat-5/6 from Expansion Hub Refer to the Dual Band Diplexer specifications (LGC PN: 8000-54) for technical information.
SECTION 6 Designing a Unison Solution Designing a Unison solution is a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps: 1. Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements.
• If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, and so on.) • Determine type of environment – Open layout (for example, a convention center) – Dense, close walls (for example, a hospital) – Mixed use (for example, an office building with hard wall offices and cubicles) 4. Develop an RF link budget: refer to Section 6.4, “Link Budget Analysis,” on page 6-24. Knowing the power per carrier, you can calculate an RF link budget.
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU 6.1 Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU.
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU 6.1.1 800 MHz Cellular Table 6-1 Cellular Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) CDMA No. of Carriers AMPS TDMA 2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF 2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF GSM GSM EDGE EDGE 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF 1 27.0 24.0 27.0 27.0 24.0 24.0 17.0 2 21.0 19.0 14.5 12.5 14.5 12.5 14.0 3 17.5 16.0 12.5 10.5 12.5 10.5 12.0 4 14.5 14.0 11.5 9.5 11.5 9.5 11.0 5 13.0 12.5 10.5 8.5 10.5 8.5 10.0 6 11.
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU 6.1.2 800 MHz iDEN/SMR Table 6-2 iDEN/SMR Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers iDEN Analog FM CQPSK C4FM Motient Data TAC 2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF 2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF 2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF 2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF 2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF 1 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 2 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 3 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 4 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 5 9.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 6 8.0 10.0 9.5 10.0 7 7.0 9.5 9.0 9.0 8 6.5 8.
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU 6.1.3 900 MHz GSM and EDGE Table 6-3 GSM and EDGE Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers GSM GSM EDGE EDGE 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 2 13.0 12.0 13.0 12.0 3 11.0 10.0 11.0 10.0 4 10.0 9.0 10.0 9.0 5 9.0 8.0 9.0 8.0 6 8.0 7.0 8.0 7.0 7 7.5 6.5 7.5 6.5 8 7.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 9 6.5 5.5 6.5 5.5 10 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.5 11 5.5 5.0 5.5 5.0 12 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU 6.1.4 1800 MHz DCS Table 6-4 DCS Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers GSM GSM EDGE EDGE CDMA 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF/1 km MMF 1 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 16.0 2 14.5 14.0 14.5 14.0 13.0 3 12.5 12.0 12.5 12.0 11.0 4 11.5 11.0 11.5 11.0 10.0 5 10.5 10.0 10.5 10.0 9.0 6 9.5 9.0 9.5 9.0 8.0 7 9.0 8.5 9.0 8.5 7.5 8 8.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.0 9 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 6.5 10 7.5 7.
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU 6.1.5 1900 MHz PCS Table 6-5 PCS Power per Carrier Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers TDMA GSM GSM EDGE EDGE CDMA 2 km SMF/1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF/1 km MMF 1 23.0 26.0 26.0 23.0 23.0 16.0 2 18.0 15.5 14.0 15.5 14.0 13.0 3 15.0 13.5 12.0 13.5 12.0 11.0 4 13.0 12.0 11.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 5 11.5 11.0 10.0 10.5 10.0 9.0 6 10.5 10.5 9.0 9.5 9.0 8.0 7 9.5 10.0 8.5 9.0 8.5 7.
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU 6.1.6 2.1 GHz UMTS Table 6-6 No. of Carriers UMTS Power per Carrier** Power per Carrier (dBm) WCDMA 2 km SMF/1 km MMF 1 15.0 2 11.0 3 8.0 4 6.5 5 5.0 6 4.0 7 3.0 max. composite DL These PPC numbers assume 2 km of SMF or 1 km of MMF. Note: measurements taken with no baseband clipping. Note: Operation at or above these output power levels may prevent Unison from meeting RF performance specifications or FCC Part 15 and EN55022 emissions requirements.
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU Table 6-8 900 MHz Paging/SMR/iDEN Power per Carrier (dBm) No. of Carriers iDEN Analog FM CQPSK C4FM Mobitex POCSAG/ REFLEX 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 1 17.5 26.0 22.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 2 14.0 19.5 17.0 19.5 19.5 19.5 3 11.5 16.5 14.5 16.0 16.0 16.0 4 10.0 13.5 12.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 5 9.0 12.0 11.0 11.5 6 8.0 10.5 9.5 10.0 7 7.0 9.5 9.
Maximum Output Power Per Carrier at RAU Table 6-9 800 MHz Cellular/1900 MHz PCS Power per Carrier (continued) Recommended Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU (dBm) 800 MHz Cellular 1900 MHz PCS TDMA AMPS CDMA TDMA GSM EDGE No. of Carriers 2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF 2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF 2 km SMF/ 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 2 km SMF 1 km MMF 5.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 11 7.0 7.0 12 6.5 6.5 13 6.5 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.5 14 6.0 5.5 4.5 5.0 4.
Estimating RF Coverage 6.2 Estimating RF Coverage The maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the maximum acceptable path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.
Estimating RF Coverage 6.2.1 Path Loss Equation Indoor path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2): PL = 20log(4πd0f/c) + PLSlog(d/d0) + Χs (2) where: • PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device). • d is the distance expressed in meters. • d0 is usually taken as 1 meter of free-space. • f is the operating frequency in Hertz.
Estimating RF Coverage 6.2.2 Coverage Distance Use equations (1) and (2), on pages 6-12 and 6-13, respectively, to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device. Equation (2) can be simplified to: PL(d) = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlog(d) (3) where PLS (path loss slope) is chosen to account for the building’s environment.
Estimating RF Coverage Table 6-13 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (that is, (20log(4πf/c)) for various frequency bands. Table 6-13 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) Band (MHz) Uplink Downlink Mid-Band Frequency (MHz) 800 MHz Cellular 824–849 869–894 859 31.1 800 MHz iDEN 806–824 851–869 837.5 30.9 900 MHz GSM 890–915 935–960 925 31.8 900 MHz EGSM 880–915 925–960 920 31.7 1800 MHz DCS 1710–1785 1805–1880 1795 37.
Estimating RF Coverage Table 6-15 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 800 MHz iDEN Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 75 244 Moderately Open Environment 64 208 Mildly Dense Environment 56 184 Moderately Dense Environment 48 156 Dense Environment 40 131 Table 6-16 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 70 230 Moderately Open Environment 60
Estimating RF Coverage Table 6-18 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 75 246 Moderately Open Environment 58 191 Mildly Dense Environment 50 166 Moderately Dense Environment 42 137 Dense Environment 30 100 Table 6-19 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Open Environment 75 247 Moderately Open Environ
Estimating RF Coverage Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.1 GHz UMTS Applicationsa Table 6-21 Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Mildly Dense Environment 47 154 Moderately Dense Environment 39 128 Dense Environment 28 93 a. For Japan, refer to the separate addendum: Japan Specification Document. Table 6-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1.7/2.
Estimating RF Coverage 6.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates Example Design Estimate for an 800 MHz TDMA Application 1. Design goals: • Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band) • TDMA provider • 12 TDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.
Estimating RF Coverage Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that two antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor. a. 2 antennas per floor × 8 floors = 16 RAUs b. 16 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 2 Expansion Hubs c.
Estimating RF Coverage Example Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application 1. Design goals: • PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 1900 MHz PCS band) • CDMA provider • 8 CDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 6.
Estimating RF Coverage 6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities needed. Before you test any RF levels in the building, you can estimate that four antennas per level will be needed. This assumes no propagation between floors. If there is propagation, you may not need antennas on every floor. a. 4 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 64 RAUs b. 64 RAUs ÷ 8 (maximum 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 8 Expansion Hubs c.
System Gain 6.3 System Gain The system gain can be decreased from 15 dB to 0 dB gain in 1 dB increments and the uplink and downlink gains of each RAU can be independently decreased by 10 dB in one step using AdminManager or OpsConsole.a 6.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length The recommended minimum length of ScTP cable is 10 meters (33 ft) and the recommended maximum length is 100 meters (328 ft).
Link Budget Analysis 6.4 Link Budget Analysis A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal. One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier explained in Section 6.1.
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-24 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems Consideration Description BTS Transmit Power The power per carrier transmitted from the base station output Attenuation between BTS and Unison This includes all losses: cable, attenuator, splitter/combiner, and so forth. On the downlink, attenuation must be chosen so that the maximum power per carrier going into the Main Hub does not exceed the levels given in Section 6.1.
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-24 Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued) Consideration Description Log-normal Fade Margin This margin adds an allowance for RF shadowing due to objects obstructing the direct path between the mobile equipment and the RAU. In RF site surveys, the effects of shadowing are partially accounted for since it is characterized by relatively slow changes in power level. Body Loss This accounts for RF attenuation caused by the user’s head and body.
Link Budget Analysis 6.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Table 6-25 Line Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) c. Power into Unison (dBm) 33 –23 10 d. Unison gain (dB) 0 e. Antenna gain (dBi) 3 f. Radiated power per carrier (dBm) 13 Airlink g. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6 h. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std.
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-26 Line Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) 4 b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) c. Unison gain (dB) –10 d. Unison noise figure (dB) 1-4-32 e. System noise figure (dB) 22.6 f. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129 g. Required C/I ratio (dB) h. Antenna gain (dBi) i. Receive sensitivity (dBm) 0 22 12 3 –97.4 Airlink j. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6 k. Log-normal fade margin with 9 dB std.
Link Budget Analysis 6.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards A CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because you must consider the spread spectrum nature of CDMA. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon reception, the CDMA signal is de-spread. In the de-spreading process the power in the received signal becomes concentrated into a narrow band, whereas the noise level remains unchanged.
Link Budget Analysis PTX + PRX = –76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008) where PTX is the mobile’s transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the mobile. The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 6-28 on page 6-30).
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-28 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA (continued) Consideration Description Eb/No This is the energy-per-bit divided by the received noise and interference. It’s the CDMA equivalent of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This figure depends on the mobile’s receiver and the multipath environment.
Link Budget Analysis 6.4.4 CDMA Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Table 6-29 Line CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per traffic channel (dBm) 30.0 b. Voice activity factor 50% c. Composite power (dBm) 40.0 d. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –24 e. Power per channel into Unison (dBm) 9.0 f. Composite power into Unison (dBm) 16.0 g. Unison gain (dB) 0.0 h. Antenna gain (dBi) i.
Link Budget Analysis • b and c: see notes in Table 6-28 regarding power per carrier, downlink • e=a+d • f=c+d • i=e+g+h • j=f+g+h • p = –k + l + m + n + o • s=q+r • v=s+t+u • w=j–p–v • x = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + P where P = Ptx + Prx = –73 dB for Cellular –76 dB for PCS Help Hot Line (U.S.
Link Budget Analysis Table 6-30 Line CDMA Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) 3.0 b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) c. Unison gain (dB) –30.0 d. Unison noise figure (dB) 22.0 e. System noise figure (dB) 33.3 f. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0 g. Noise rise 75% loading (dB) h. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) i. Information rate (dB/Hz) j. Required Eb/(No+lo) 5.0 k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0 l. Antenna gain (dBi) m.
Link Budget Analysis • e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula Fsys = F1 + F2 – 1 G1 + F3 – 1 G1G2 + .... where F = 10 (Noise Figure/10) G = 10(Gain/10) (See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.) • h=e+f+g • m = h + i + j –k – l • r=n+o+p+q • t=s–r–m 6.4.
Optical Power Budget 6.5 Optical Power Budget Unison uses SC/APC connectors. The connector losses associated with mating to these connectors is accounted for in the design and should not be included as elements of the optical power budget. The reason is that when the optical power budget is defined, measurements are taken with these connectors in place. The Unison optical power budget for both multi-mode and single-mode fiber cable is 3.0 dB (optical).
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 6.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station The first consideration when connecting Unison Main Hubs to a base station is to ensure there is an equal amount of loss through cables, combiners, and so on from the base station to the Main Hubs. For this example, assume that the base station will have simplex connections, one uplink and one downlink. Each of these connections needs to be divided to equilibrate power for each Main Hub.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 6.6.1 Attenuation Figure 6-3 shows a typical setup wherein a duplex base station is connected to a Main Hub. For a simplex base station, eliminate the circulator and connect the simplex ports of the base station to the simplex ports of the Main Hub. Add attenuators to regulate the power appropriately.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 6.6.2 Uplink Attenuation The attenuation between the Main Hub’s uplink port and the base station does two things: • It attenuates the noise coming out of Unison. • It attenuates the desired signals coming out of Unison.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 6.6.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA In CDMA systems, the power transmitted by the mobile is determined by the characteristics of both the uplink and downlink paths. The power transmitted by the mobile should be similar in open-loop control (as determined by the downlink path) as during closed-loop control (as determined by the uplink and downlink paths).
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 6.6.3 RAU Attenuation and ALC The RAU attenuation and Automatic Level Control (ALC) are set using the OpsConsole or AdminManager Advanced RAU Settings command. Embedded within the uplink RF front-end of each Unison Remote Access Unit is an ALC circuit.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 6.6.3.1 Using the RAU 10 dB Attenuation Setting Each RAU can, independently of the other RAUs in a system, have its uplink or downlink gain attenuated by 10dB.1 This is accomplished by selecting the check boxes in the Advanced RAU Settings dialog box. There are two check boxes: one for setting the downlink attenuation and another for setting the uplink attenuation.
Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 6.6.3.2 Using the Uplink ALC Setting Uplink automatic level control (UL ALC) circuitry within the RAU provides automatic level control on high-power signals in the uplink path. This functionality is required to prevent RF signal compression caused by a single or multiple wireless devices that are in very close proximity to an RAU. Compression causes signal degradation and, ultimately, bit errors, and should be prevented.
Designing for a Neutral Host System 6.7 Designing for a Neutral Host System Designing for a neutral host system uses the same design rules previously explained. Since a neutral host system typically uses multiple systems in parallel with common equipment locations, it is best to design according to the minimum among the systems’ RAU coverage distances so that there will not be holes in the coverage area, and so that the economies of a single installation can be achieved.
Designing for a Neutral Host System Similar coverage is achieved by setting the transmit power per carrier of the 800 MHz systems to 3 dBm per carrier and those of the 1900 MHz systems to 6 dBm per carrier. The numbers of RF carriers were selected in order to match subscriber capacity approximately. Because each protocol in the example supports a different number of voice channels, the RF carrier numbers also differ.
Designing for a Neutral Host System Table 6-32 shows the capacities of both 800 and 1900 MHz Unison systems used for single and multiple protocol applications. The power per carrier for each system is based on providing equal coverage areas for both systems when they are used in an office building that is 80% cubicles and 20% offices.
Installing Unison SECTION 7 7.
Installation Requirements 7.1.1 Component Location Requirements Unison components are intended to be installed in indoor locations only. 7.1.
Installation Requirements Table 7-1 Unison Distance Requirements Equipment Combination Cable Type Distance Additional Information Repeater to Main Hub Coaxial; N male connectors 3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise. Base Station to Main Hub Coaxial; N male connectors Refer to your link budget calculation. 10 m (33 ft) maximum Limited by CE Mark requirements. 3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise. Refer to your link budget calculation.
Safety Precautions 7.2 7.2.1 Safety Precautions Installation Guidelines Use the following guidelines when installing LGC Wireless equipment: • Provide sufficient airflow and cooling to the equipment to prevent heat build-up from exceeding the maximum ambient air temperature specification. Do not compromise the amount of airflow required for safe operation of the equipment. • If you are removing the system, turn it off and remove the power cord first.
Safety Precautions 7.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions The following are suggested safety precautions for working with fiber ports. For information about system compliance with safety standards, refer to Appendix B. WARNING: Observe the following warning about viewing fiber ends in ports. Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector ends of the fibers or the ports of the hubs. Invisible infrared radiation is present at the front panel of the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub.
Preparing for System Installation 7.3 7.3.1 Preparing for System Installation Pre-Installation Inspection Follow this procedure before installing Unison equipment: 7.3.2 1. Verify the number of packages received against the packing list. 2. Check all packages for external damage; report any external damage to the shipping carrier.
Preparing for System Installation Table 7-2 3 Installation Checklist (continued) Installation Requirement Consideration Attenuator Installed between the circulator and the Main Hub downlink port to prevent overload. Optionally, it may be installed between the uplink port and the circulator Circulator or Duplexer Installed between the repeater and the Main Hub uplink and downlink ports Base Station-to-Unison Configuration Base Station Verify RF power (refer to the tables in Section 6.
Preparing for System Installation Table 7-2 3 Installation Checklist (continued) Installation Requirement Consideration Fiber: Main Hub to Expansion Hubs SC/APC (angle-polished) male connectors for entire fiber run (can use SC/APC pigtails, PN 4012SCAPC-10 for MMF or 4013SCAPC-10 for SMF); Use jumper fiber cables for collocated Main and Expansion Hubs (3 m/10 ft): Multi-mode: PN 4010SCAPC-10 Single-mode: PN: 4018SCAPC-10 Distance limited by optical loss of 3 dB: Multi-mode: up to 1.
Preparing for System Installation 7.3.3 Tools and Materials Required Table 7-3 3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation Description Cable ties Phillips screwdriver 7-inch lb. torch wrench Mounting screws and spring nuts Fiber cleaning supplies: compressed air; isopropyl alcohol; lint-free cloths; 2.
Preparing for System Installation Table 7-4 3 Optional Accessories for Component Installation (continued) Description Alarm Cables: 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable (PN 4024-3) Alarm Sense Adapter Cable (PN 4025-1) RAU Dust Cover (PN UNS-1RDP-1) 7-10 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual D-620003-0-20 Rev J
Unison Component Installation Procedures 7.4 Unison Component Installation Procedures The following procedures assume that the system is new from the factory. If you are replacing components in a pre-installed system with either new units or units that may already be programmed (that is, re-using units from another system), refer to Section 8. • Installing a Main Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13 • Installing a Main Hub in a Rack . . . . . . .
Unison Component Installation Procedures The following procedures assume that the system is installed and programmed. • Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . 7-35 • Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35 • Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37 • Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unison Component Installation Procedures 7.4.1 Installing a Main Hub CAUTION: Install Main Hubs in indoor locations only. Installing a Main Hub in a Rack Install the Main Hub (1U high) in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack. Allow clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear, and 51 mm (2 in.) on both sides for air circulation. No top and bottom clearance is required. Consideration: • The Main Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack thread is #12-24.
Unison Component Installation Procedures Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Main Hub Considerations: • Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed the 3 dB optical budget. • If you are using fiber distribution panels, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget. • Make sure the fiber cable’s connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished).
Unison Component Installation Procedures To clean the fiber ends: Be sure that the fiber cable’s SC/APC connectors are clean and free of dust and oils. You need lint-free cloths, isopropyl alcohol, and compressed air 1. Moisten a lint-free cloth with isopropyl alcohol. 2. Gently wipe the fiber end with the moistened cloth. 3. Using a dry lint-free cloth, gently wipe the fiber end. 4.
Unison Component Installation Procedures Powering On the Main Hub 1. Connect the AC power cord to the Main Hub. 2. Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet. 3. Turn on the power to the Main Hub and check that all the LED lamps are functioning properly. Upon power-up, the LEDs blinks for five seconds as a visual check that they are functioning. After the five-second test: LED states during power on will vary, depending on whether Expansion Hubs are connected.
Unison Component Installation Procedures Table 7-5 During Installation Power On 2. Main Hub power is On with Expansion Hubs connected and powered on. Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation (continued) LED State Action Impact LINK Off E-HUB/RAU Off • If the port LEDs do not illuminate, check the fiber uplink for excessive optical loss.
Unison Component Installation Procedures 7.4.2 Installing Expansion Hubs The Expansion Hub (2U high) can be installed in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack or in a wall-mountable equipment rack that is available from LGC Wireless. Allow a clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear and 51 mm (2 in.) sides for air circulation. No top and bottom clearance is required. Install the Expansion Hub in a horizontal position only. CAUTION: Install Expansion Hubs in indoor locations only.
Unison Component Installation Procedures 3. Reattach each of the rack mounting brackets to the opposite side of the hub from which it came. Refer to Figure 7-2 for bracket placement. Figure 7-2 Mounting Bracket Installation Right Rack Mounting Bracket as installed from the factory. Left Rack Mounting Bracket installed on the right side of the hub. 3.5'' 3.5'' 3'' 4. 3'' Attach the Expansion Hub to the rack.
Unison Component Installation Procedures • The E-HUB STATUS and DL STATUS LEDs should be red. • All port LEDs should be off because no RAUs are connected yet. Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Expansion Hub Considerations: • Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed 3 dB optical budget. RL is less than -60dB.
Unison Component Installation Procedures 2. Connect “red” to UPLINK on Expansion Hub. The UL STATUS LED turns green on the first Main Hub communication. It may take up to 20 seconds to establish communication. The Expansion Hub’s E-HUB STATUS LED turns green when the Main Hub sends it the frequency band command. If the UL STATUS and E-HUB STATUS LEDs do not turn green/green, check the Main Hub LEDs. See page 7-16, item 2 in Table 7-5.
Unison Component Installation Procedures 7.4.2.1 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation • All Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs with RAUs connected should indicate Green/Red. This indicates that the RAU is powered on and communication has been established. • The Expansion Hub UL STATUS LED should be Green. Table 7-6 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation During Installation LED State Action Impact 1.
Unison Component Installation Procedures 7.4.2.2 Installing Expansion Hubs in a Multiple Operator System Installing Expansion Hubs in a multiple operator system is the same as described in Section 7.4.2 on page 7-18. If rack-mounting the Expansion Hubs, we recommend mounting all multiple operator system hubs in the same rack(s) or location, grouped by frequency or carrier. For example, group the Expansion Hubs for iDEN together, then the 800 MHz cellular bands, and so on. 7.4.
Unison Component Installation Procedures cases, the interferers may occupy a frequency band that is directly adjacent to the receiving band and cannot be adequately rejected by filtering. The only recourse in these situations is to provide sufficient isolation by physically separating the interfering transmitters and receivers.
Unison Component Installation Procedures link intermodulation products may fall within the 800 Cellular uplink band. In addition, 800 iDEN downlink signals near the lower edge of the band at 851 MHz may cause the 800 Cellular uplink automatic level control (ALC) circuitry in the RAU to engage and thereby reduce uplink gain.
Unison Component Installation Procedures Power is supplied by the Expansion Hub. Upon power up, the LEDs blinks for two seconds as a visual check that they are functioning. After the two-second test: • The LINK LED should be green indicating that it is receiving power and communications from the Expansion Hub. • The ALARM LED should be red until the Main Hub issues the band command, within about 20 seconds, then it should be green. 7.4.3.
Unison Component Installation Procedures 7.4.4 7.4.4.1 Installing a Dual-Band RAU Configuration Using Dual-Band Diplexer CAUTION: Install RAUs and diplexers in indoor locations only. Do not connect an antenna that is installed in an outdoor location. Dual band RAU configuration consists of: • 1 higher band RAU • 1 lower band RAU • 1 Dual-Band Diplexer (PN #DIPX1-1) • 2 coaxial cables, 3 ft.
Unison Component Installation Procedures Figure 7-5 Dual Band RAU Configuration 3 ft. coaxial cable Unison RAU Cat-5E/6 from Expansion Hub Dual Band Diplexer Antenna Dual Band Diplexer 3 ft. coaxial cable Unison RAU Cat-5E/6 from Expansion Hub To connect the RAUs and Dual Band Diplexer for a dual band system: 1. Verify that the Unison system is powered on. 2. Attach the Diplexer to a stable surface (that is, wall, ceiling tile, pole). Do not mount the Diplexer on top of an RAU. 3.
Unison Component Installation Procedures Connecting the Antenna to the Dual Band Diplexer Connect a single passive antenna to the Dual Band Diplexer’s “Antenna” SMA connector using coaxial cable with the least amount of loss possible. CAUTION:Firmly hand-tighten the SMA female connector – DO NOT over-tighten the connector. 7.4.4.2 Using Dual-Port Antenna Connect both RAUs directly to a dual-port, dual-band antenna. Figure 7-6 Dual-Port Antenna Configuration 3 ft.
Unison Component Installation Procedures Table 7-8 Maximum/Minimum Cable Lengths Min. Cat-5E/6 Cable Length from Unison Hub to Extender Min. Cat-5E/6 Cable Length from Extender to RAU Max. Cat-5E/6 Cable Length from Unison Hub to RAU 90 meters (295 feet) 20 meters (65 feet) 170 meters (557 feet) Installing a Cat-5 Extender Power is transported from the Unison system to the Cat-5 Extender using the Cat-5E/6 cable. No power comes from the RAU.
Unison Component Installation Procedures Configuring the Installed System Considerations: • The AdminManager PC/laptop is connected to the Main Hub. • The AdminManager software is started. • All system components are installed and powered on. To configure an installed system: 1. Turn on the PC and start AdminManager. The AdminManager main window appears. 2. Disable alarm filtering. Use View, Preferences and select “Enable faults, warnings, and status messages.” 3.
Unison Component Installation Procedures The System Configuration window appears. 9. Select the operating band from the Select Band pull down menu. The operating band must match the band of the RAUs that are used in the system. 10. Change the System Gain in the text boxes, if desired. The default is 0 dB for both the uplink and downlink. 11. Change the System Label, if desired. The default is “Unison.” 12. Click OK.
Splicing Fiber Optic Cable 7.5 Splicing Fiber Optic Cable The fiber cable must have SC/APC connectors for the entire run. If it does not, you can splice a pigtail, which has SC/APC connectors, to the fiber cable. LGC offers two pigtails: one for single-mode fiber (PN 4013SCAPC-3) and one for multi-mode fiber (PN 4012SCAPC-3). LGC Wireless recommends fusion splices because they have the lowest splice loss and return loss.
Splicing Fiber Optic Cable 11. Allow time for the splice sleeve to cure. 12. Return fiber splice to the splice tray, store the sleeve in a splice holder within the tray, and store excess cable length in accordance with the tray manufacture’s directions. After successfully testing the fiber, plug the SC/APC pigtail into the proper optical port on the Hub. To fusion splice the fiber optic cable to the SC/APC pigtail: Option B 1.
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna 7.6 Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna WARNING: Only LGC personnel or LGC-authorized installation personnel should connect the Unison Main Hub to a base station or repeater. Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure of the Main Hub (refer to Section 6.1 on page 6-3 for maximum power specifications). If the maximum composite power is too high, attenuation is required.
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna Connecting a Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub: When connecting to a duplex base station, use a circulator between it and the Main Hub. You can insert attenuators between the circulator and Main Hub as needed; refer to Section 6.6.1 on page 6-38 for more information. 1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the duplex connector on the base station. 2. Connect the other N-male connector to a circulator. 3.
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations You can use power combiner/splitters to connect a Main Hub to multiple base stations, as shown in Figure 7-9.
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU. 9. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the circulator 3 connector. 10. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the UPLINK connector on the Main Hub. Roof-top Antenna Attenuator (optional) N-male to N-male Coaxial Cable Circulator Grounded Surge Suppressor 7.6.
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna 3. b. From the first Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power combiner/splitter c. From the second Main Hub’s UPLINK port to the first power combiner/splitter d. From the second Main Hub’s DOWNLINK port to the second power combiner/splitter Check Main Hub LEDs. After connecting and powering on the Main Hub, check all LEDs to ensure that the system is operating properly.
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station Considerations: • 2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, and so on.
Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or a Roof-top Antenna To connect two Main Hubs to a duplex repeater or base station, use one circulator and one more coaxial jumper cable, as shown in Figure 7-11.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System 7.7 Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System The Unison Main Hub can generate (source) two contact alarms as well as sense an external contact alarm. • Alarm Source (refer to Section 7.7.1 on page 7-43) The Main Hub has two alarm contacts, fault (major) and warning (minor). These contact are normally-closed (NC) and will open when an internal alarm is detected. NOTE: The contact can be changed to normally-open (NO) with AdminManager.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System NOTE: LGCell and MetroReach Focus support only faults (major alarms). Do not mix LGCell and Unison Main Hubs in the same daisy-chain. You can daisy-chain multiple LGCell Main Hubs together and use the Alarm Sense Adapter Cable to connect the chain to a Unison Main Hub, which will act as an alarm sensor. 7.7.1 Alarm Source Unison always acts an alarm source, no matter what type of equipment you are connecting to. Refer to Section 7.7.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System Using a Base Station to Monitor Unison When you connect a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and the BTS is the input (alarm sense), as shown in Figure 7-13. An interface cable is required between the daisy-chain cable and the BTS. Because BTS alarm interface pinouts and Unison-to-BTS distances vary, this cable often is custom and wired on-site.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System Using a Base Station and OpsConsole to Monitor Unison In order to take full advantage of Unison’s OA&M capabilities use LGC Wireless OpsConsole software in addition to a BTS to monitor the system, as shown in Figure 7-14.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System 7.7.2 Alarm Sense Use AdminManager to enable the Unison system for “alarm sense” when connecting to the contact closure of LGCell Main Hubs or other external alarms (refer to Set Contact Sense Properties in the AdminManager User Manual). Using Unison to Monitor LGCells When you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the alarms (alarm sense) and the LGCell is the output (alarm source), as shown in Figure 7-15.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System 7.7.2.1 Expansion Hub Alarm Sense (UNS-EH-2 only) The Expansion Hub can sense three external contact closure alarms. These contact closure inputs were designed for monitoring an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), but could monitor any external event that provides the proper input level. These contact closure inputs are user programmable for enable/disable and normally open/normally closed definition.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System • The micro controller sees a high or 5V for an open condition. The loop resistance must be greater then 20K Ohm to guarantee the micro sees 3.5V or greater. • The micro controller sees low or 0V for a closed condition. The loop resistance must be greater than 2K Ohm to guarantee the micro sees 1V or less. • You may have to determine a time on and off for the connection so that the alarm is not intermittent.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System 7.7.3 Alarm Cables 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable Figure 7-17 shows the 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable (PN 4024-3), which supports fault and warning conditions (that is, major and minor alarms). Figure 7-17 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable 1.
Connecting Contact Alarms to a Unison System Alarm Sense Adapter Cable The alarm sense adapter cable (PN 4025-1) translates the LGCell fault pinout to the sense input pins on the Unison Main Hub. You must use this adapter cable, as illustrated in Figure 7-18, with the 5-port Alarm Daisy-Chain Cable when connecting LGCell to Unison.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options 7.8 Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options The following connectivity options are described here: • Section 7.8.1 Direct Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51 • Section 7.8.2 Modem Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52 • Section 7.8.3 RS-232 Port Expander Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-53 • Section 7.8.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection . . . . . .
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options 7.8.2 Modem Connection In this configuration, the PC and the Main Hub connect to modems and communicate using a standard dial-up telephone connection. Figure 7-20 OA&M Modem Connection Straight-through modem cable Modem PSTN Modem Straight-through modem cable PC running AdminManager or OpsConsole Software External Modem only with OpsConsole NOTE: Refer to Appendix A.4 on page A-3 for the modem cable wiring information.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options 7.8.3 RS-232 Port Expander Connection In this configuration a port expander is used to allow the connection of multiple devices to a single PC serial port. Testing was performed with an Equinox SST-16P Multiport Board. A DB-25 male to DB-9 female modem cable must be made to connect the connector panel to the Main Hub (refer to Appendix A.6 on page A-5). Or, you can use a DB-25 male/DB-9 male adapter with a DB-9 female to DB-9 female null modem cable.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options 7.8.4 POTS Line Sharing Switch Connection Using a line sharing switch you can connect up to four modems to a single telephone line. Testing was performed with a Teltone Line Sharing Switch, model number M-394-B-01.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options 7.8.5 Ethernet and ENET/RS-232 Serial Hub Connection You can use an Ethernet-to-RS-232 serial hub or converter box to communicate between the PC and Unison. Testing was performed with an Equinox SST Ethernet Serial Provider. Figure 7-24 OA&M Connection using Ethernet and ENET/232 Serial Hub Modem Cable PC running AdminManager or OpsConsole Software TCP/IP Cat-5E ENET/RS-232 Serial Hub RJ-45 to DB-9 female Ethernet Help Hot Line (U.S.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options 7.8.6 Network Interface Unit (NIU) Faults and warnings can also be diagnosed with SNMP using the NIU. The NIU supports complete interactions with Unison system: • Gets, Sets, and Traps/Notification The NIU enables access to multiple LGC systems at a site as follows: • NIU-4P-NM-1 (Up to four Unison systems) • NIU-10P-NM-1 (Up to ten Unison systems) The LGC NIU includes a MIB for integrating into the Network Management System (NMS) and supports SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c.
Alarm Monitoring Connectivity Options Multiple Unison Systems Monitored by a Single Network Management System Figure 7-26 Site 1 NOC NIU 1 SNMP Reply or Trap / Notification LGC MIB SNMP Network Management System SNMP v1/v2C Get or Set Unison 10 TCP/IP TCP/IP Network Network Site 2 Unison 1 SNMP Agent Unison 2 Troubleshoot via AdminManager (Telnet/VPN or PPP/Dialup into NIU) …> OR NIU 2 …> For Troubleshooting….
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Replacing Unison Components SECTION 8 8.1 Replacing an RAU Be aware that the new RAU must be the same band as the one you are replacing. If you replace an RAU with one that is of the wrong band, it will not work. The Main Hub automatically checks the band of a replaced RAU. There is no need to issue commands directly from the Main Hub. Therefore, as long as the RAU is of the correct band, the system will operate properly. Replacing an RAU 1.
Replacing an RAU Perform System Test When convenient, perform System Test to optimize performance. During System Test, the entire system is temporarily off-line and no RF is being transmitted. For a fully loaded system (one Main Hub, four Expansion Hubs, and 32 RAUs), it can take up to 1.5 minutes to complete the test. Checking the RAU’s LEDs 1. The RAU’s LINK and ALARM LEDs should blink (green/red) on power up. • If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the RAU. 2.
Replacing an Expansion Hub 8.2 Replacing an Expansion Hub Replacing an Expansion Hub 1. Turn off the power to the Expansion Hub. 2. Disconnect all Cat-5/5E/6 cables, both fiber cables, and the AC power cord. 3. Replace the Expansion Hub with a new one. 4. Connect the AC power cord, all Cat-5/5E/6 cables, and both fiber cables – remembering to clean and correctly connect the uplink and downlink fiber. 5. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub.
Replacing a Main Hub 8.3 Replacing a Main Hub You must record the system configuration settings from the old Main Hub’s memory before replacing the unit (refer to Step 1 below). You will program the new Main Hub with this information. If the Main Hub is programmed incorrectly, the system will not work. If the Main Hub is not functioning, get the configuration settings from the As-Built Document that was created as part of the original installation. Replacing a Main Hub 1.
Replacing a Main Hub Checking the Main Hub’s LEDs • The LEDs should blink through a 5-second test on power up. • If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Main Hub. • If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is connected. • For each fiber optic port that has a connected Expansion Hub, which has been programmed with a band: • The LINK LED should be green. • The E-HUB/RAU LED should be green indicating that all downstream units are functioning • Refer to Section 9.
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Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance SECTION 9 There are no user-serviceable parts in any of the Unison components. Faulty or failed components are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. 9.1 Address 2540 Junction Avenue San Jose, California 95134-1902 USA Phone 1-408-952-2400 Fax 1-408-952-2410 Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only) +1-408-952-2400 (International) Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.com e-mail service@lgcwireless.
Maintenance 9.2 Maintenance Keep the fiber ports clean and free of dust. No other periodic maintenance of the Unison equipment is required. To clean the fiber ports: You can clean the Hub’s fiber ports using canned compressed air or isopropyl alcohol and cotton swabs. Considerations: • If you use compressed air: • The air must be free of dust, water, and oil. • Hold the can level during use. • If using isopropyl alcohol and foam-tipped swab: • Use only 98% pure or more alcohol.
Troubleshooting 9.3 Troubleshooting NOTE: Unison has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless.
Troubleshooting 9.3.1 Troubleshooting using AdminManager Use AdminManager software to determine the current faults and warnings for all of the units in the system. To troubleshoot, start with the Main Hub’s faults AND warnings, then proceed to each of the Expansion Hubs, finishing with each of the RAUs. NOTE: AdminManager v2.04 or higher displays events (faults, warnings, or status messages) depending on your view preference. To change your view preference, refer to Section 3.4.
Troubleshooting 9.3.1.1 Troubleshooting Recommendations • Some things that can be done, depending on the device fault or warning include: a. Hardware faults on Expansion Hub. – Try swapping fiber with another Expansion Hub at the Main Hub. – Try cleaning the fiber and the fiber ports with alcohol foam tip swab and compressed air. See Section , “To clean the fiber ports:,” on page 9-2. – Power cycle the Expansion Hub. b. Issue a CLEAR ALL DISCONNECTS at the Main Hub. c. Power cycle the Main Hub. d.
Troubleshooting NOTE: If you have a red STATUS LED without a fault message, it probably indicates that the unit is locked out. NOTE: The tables below contain messages for all versions of firmware. Main Hub Faults Table 9-1 Faults Reported by the Main Hub Alarm Message Action {MF01}Software error occurred and recovered If this happens repeatedly, replace the MH. (Log entry only.) {MF02}Software error occurred and recovered If this happens repeatedly, replace the MH. (Log entry only.
Troubleshooting Table 9-1 Faults Reported by the Main Hub (continued) {MF24}Frequency band not programmed Use AdminManager to program the frequency band. {MF25}Hardware failure (DL Pilot too low) Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH. {MF26}Hardware failure (DL Pilot too high) Cycle power once. If fault persists, replace the MH. {MF27}Failed to perform system test (Test tone too high) Unable to perform system end-to-end test, replace the Main Hub when possible.
Troubleshooting Table 9-1 {MF39} Port 3 UL RF path loss is too high Faults Reported by the Main Hub (continued) The uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 are also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated. If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.
Troubleshooting Table 9-1 Faults Reported by the Main Hub (continued) {MF47}EH 3 disconnected Try another port. If no connection, cycle EH power and confirm UL STATUS LED is green for 90 seconds. Check UL fiber connection(s). Clean fiber connectors and ports on MH and EH. Measure UL optical loss. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the EH. {MF48}EH 4 disconnected Try another port.
Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Faults Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub Alarm Message Action {EF01}Software error occurred and recovered If this happens repeatedly, replace the EH. (Log entry only.) {EF02}Software error occurred and recovered If this happens repeatedly, replace the EH. (Log entry only.) {EF03}Software error occurred and recovered If this happens repeatedly, replace the EH. (Log entry only.
Troubleshooting Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued) {EF17}RAU 1 disconnected Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port. If no fault is reported flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU. Use “Clear All Disconnect Status” command to clear fault, or physically connect the RAU. {EF18}RAU 2 disconnected Check Cat-5/5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install.
Troubleshooting Table 9-2 {EF27} Port 3 UL RF path loss is too high Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued) CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is detected at all. Check Cat-5E/6 cable loss, especially on new install. Check Cat-5 Extender, if present. If fault present on all EH ports, replace the EH. Otherwise, try another EH port. If no fault is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible. Otherwise, replace the RAU.
Troubleshooting Table 9-2 Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued) {EF37}Port 5 DL RF path too low Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible {EF38}Port 6 DL RF path too low Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH. Otherwise, flag previous port as unusable and replace the EH when possible {EF39}Port 7 DL RF path too low Try another port, if fault persists replace the EH.
Troubleshooting Table 9-2 {EF50}RAU 2 over current Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued) Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects' command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU. Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port.
Troubleshooting Table 9-2 {EF55}RAU 7 over current Faults Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued) Port power trip. Disconnect the CAT-5 cable and issue 'Clear All Disconnects' command. The EH port LEDs should be Off/Off. If they are not, the port has been damaged and can no longer be used. Check the CAT-5 cable, re-crimp the connector. If the fault persists, replace the RAU. Check Cat-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new install. Try another EH port.
Troubleshooting Remote Access Unit Faults Table 9-3 Faults Reported by the RAU Alarm Message Action {RF01}Software error occurred and recovered If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. (Log entry only.) {RF02}Software error occurred and recovered If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. (Log entry only.) {RF03}Software error occurred and recovered If this happens repeatedly, replace the RAU. (Log entry only.
Troubleshooting Table 9-3 Faults Reported by the RAU (continued) {RF18}Potential failure in the UL RF path Unable to complete the system end-to-end. Replace the RAU when possible. {RF19}Potential failure in the DL RF path Unable to complete the system end-to-end test. Check the RAU termination at the SMA connector and re-test it. Replace the RAU if there are no Hub alarms. {RF20}No communications with the EH/Accel Hub Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations.
Troubleshooting Table 9-4 Warnings Reported by the Main Hub (continued) {MW21}Hardware failure (UL Path) Re-run system test. If warning persists, move EH to another port and re-run system test. If warning persists, replace the MH when possible. {MW22}Hardware failure (DL Pilot too low) Cycle power once. If warning persists, replace the MH when possible. {MW25}Port 1 UL RF path has excessive gain If the warning is common to more than one port, replace the MH when possible.
Troubleshooting Table 9-4 {MW31}Port 3 UL RF path is too high Warnings Reported by the Main Hub (continued) Uplink RF loss is above the recommended minimum. If codes MS13-MS16 is also present, the fiber is the most likely problem. Clean the fiber ports and connectors. Ensure that the fiber connector is correctly seated. If codes MS13-MS16 are not present, disconnect both downlink and uplink fiber at the Main Hub. Wait 10 seconds, then re-connect downlink and uplink fiber.
Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Warnings Table 9-5 Warnings Reported by the Expansion Hub Warning Message Action {EW21}The DL RF path has excessive gain If the warning is common to more than one EH, replace the MH. If only one EH has the warning, try another MH port. If no warning is reported, flag the previous port as unusable and replace the MH when possible. Otherwise, replace the EH when possible. {EW22}The DL RF path loss is too high Downlink RF loss is above the recommended minimum.
Troubleshooting Remote Access Unit Warnings Table 9-6 Warnings Reported by the RAU Warning Message Action {RW17}The DL RF path loss is too high CAT-5 cable is poorly terminated, re-crimp the connector; no RF uplink is detected at all. Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the warning is common to more than one RAU, replace the EH/Accel Hub. Try another port.
Troubleshooting 9.3.1.4 Status Messages Status messages alert you to conditions that are important but do not generally impact service. Status messages are displayed in the Messages pane in blue lettering. NOTE: AdminManager v2.04 or higher displays events (faults, warnings, or status messages) depending on your view preference. To change your view preference, refer to Section 3.4.2, “View Preference,” on page 3-10.
Troubleshooting Table 9-7 [MS14]Port 2 UL fiber interface has high optical loss Status Messages Reported by the Main Hub (continued) Uplink optical loss is above the recommended minimum. If periodic messages MF45-MF48 (EH disconnects) occur, the fiber optical loss is near the absolute minimum. Excessive uplink optical loss may also result in MW29-MF32 codes. Clean the fiber cable connectors and ports.
Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status Messages Table 9-8 Status Messages Reported by the Expansion Hub Status Message Action [ES01]The DL fiber interface has high optical loss Downlink optical loss is above THE recommended minimum. If codes MF41-MF44 (EH no communications) are observed, the fiber optical loss is near the absolute minimum. Excessive downlink optical loss may also result with ES02/EW22 codes Clean the fiber connectors and ports, and check the DL cable for excessive optical loss.
Troubleshooting Table 9-8 [ES13]Port 5 UL RF path loss is above the recommended limit Status Messages Reported by the Expansion Hub (continued) Uplink RF is below the recommended minimum; the CAT-5 cable may be longer than the recommended minimum. Check the CAT-5E/6 cable, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. Use the CAT-5 Extender to improve coverage.
Troubleshooting Remote Access Unit Status Messages Table 9-9 Status Messages Reported by the RAU Status Message Action [RS01]Temperature is high Check for proper installation. Check the environmental controls, move the RAU to a cooler environment. [RS02]DC voltage is low Check the CAT-5E/6 cable for shorts/opens, especially on new installations. Check the CAT-5 Extender, if present. If the status message persists, replace the RAU when possible.
Troubleshooting 9.3.2 Troubleshooting using LEDs The following troubleshooting guide is from the perspective that all Unison equipment is installed, their cables are connected, and they are powered on; it is assumed that the system was operating normally before the problem to be diagnosed occurred. (Refer to Section 7 for information on troubleshooting during initial installation of the system.) Always use AdminManager, if possible, to troubleshoot the system.
Troubleshooting Table 9-10 During Normal Operation Expansion Hub Connected Troubleshooting Main Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation Main Hub Port LEDs State Action Impact LINK Red E-HUB/RAU Off Use AdminManager to determine the exact cause of the Main Hub’s faults. Lost communication with Expansion Hub; could be Expansion Hub problem or fiber cable problem. The Expansion Hub communication problems delay MH responses to AdminManager commands, resulting in command time-outs.
Troubleshooting 9.3.2.2 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation • All of the Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs that have RAUs connected should be Green/Green, indicating that the RAU is powered on, communication is established, and operation is normal. • The POWER, EHUB STATUS, DL STATUS, and UL STATUS LEDs should all be Green. Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal Table 9-12 Operation During Expansion Normal Note: * applies to Hub earlierPort firmware versions.
Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal Table 9-13 Operation During Normal Operation Expansion Hub Status LEDs State Action Impact At Any Time UL STATUS Red Check uplink fiber for optical loss. No communications between the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub. Power cycle Expansion Hub one time to check uplink laser. Uplink laser failure. DL STATUS Red Check the downlink fiber for optical loss No communications with the Main Hub.
Troubleshooting CAT-5/5E/6 9.4 Troubleshooting CAT-5/5E/6 Refer to Table A-1 on page A-1 for a description of the CAT-5/5E/6 wire assignment. The following table summarizes CAT-5/5E/6 problems if a wire is cut or not wired properly.
Troubleshooting CAT-5/5E/6 Table 9-14 Type of problem Wire 5 to RJ-45 pin 7 or 8 Summary of Cat-5/5E/6 Cable Wiring Problems (continued) Message Icon • Portn UL RF path loss is too high • Portn UL RF path loss is higher than recommended Icon* Impact Increased ripple in the downlink and uplink path, degraded performance or RAU off-line • The DL RF path loss is too high • The DL RF path loss is higher than recommended 9-32 CONFIDENTIAL InterReach Unison Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual
Technical Assistance 9.5 Technical Assistance Call the LGC Wireless help hot line for technical assistance: 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only) +1-408-952-2400 (International) Leave your name and phone number and an LGC Wireless customer service representative will return your call within an hour.
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Cables and Connectors APPENDIX A A.1 CAT-5E/6 Cable (ScTP) • Connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU(s) • Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) IF signals • Delivers DC electrical power to the RAU(s). The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal.
CAT-5E/6 Cable (ScTP) All CAT-5E/6 cable must be terminated according to the TIA/EIA 568-A standard. Figure A-1 shows the top view of the wiring map for the cable and how the four pairs should be terminated. Figure A-1 1 2 Wiring Map for Cat-5E/6 Cable 3 4 5 6 7 8 W-G G W-O BL W-BL O W-BR BR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Green/ Green Orange/ Blue Blue/ Orange Brown/ Brown White White White White RJ-45 Port The nominal DC impedance of the CAT-5E/6 cable is 0.
Fiber Optical Cables A.2 Fiber Optical Cables • Connects the Main Hub to Expansion Hub(s) • Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) optical signals • Carries configuration and status information • Use industry-standard 62.5µm/125µm MMF or Corning SMF-28 fiber, or equivalent. • SC/APC (angle-polished) connectors are required throughout the fiber network (port-to-port), including fiber distribution panels • Distances: • Multi-mode Fiber: up to 1.
DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable A.5 DB-9 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable Use a DB-9 female to DB-9 female null modem cable to connect the AdminManager PC to a Unison Main Hub. A cable is included with AdminManager. Table A-2 lists the cable pinout and Figure A-3 shows a diagram of its wiring.
DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable A.6 DB-25 to DB-9 Null Modem Cable A DB-25 male to DB-9 female Null modem cable connects a 232 Port Expander to a Unison Main Hub, or to connect a modem to the Main Hub when using OpsConsole to monitor the system. Table A-3 lists the pinout of the cable for Unison and Figure A-4 shows a diagram of its wiring.
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Compliance APPENDIX B B.1 Unison System Approval Status 900 Paging/SMR • Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition • EMC: FCC part 15 class A • Radio: FCC Part 90 Cellular Products • Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition • EMC: FCC part 15 class A • Radio: FCC Part 22 DCS Products • Safety: CB scheme evaluation to IEC 950, 3rd Edition with all national deviations • EMC: EN 301 489-8 V.1.1.1 (2000-09), CISPR 24: 1998 • Radio: ETS 300 609-4 V.8.0.
Unison System Approval Status iDEN Products • Safety: UL 60950, 3rd Edition • EMC: FCC part 15 class A • Radio: FCC part 90 PCS Products • Safety: UL 60950 3rd Edition • EMC: FCC part 15 class A • Radio: FCC part 24 • Radio: FCC part 22 UMTS Products • Safety: CB scheme evaluation to IEC 950, 3rd Edition with all national deviations • EMC: ETSI TS 125 113 V.4.1.0 (2001-06) • Radio: ETSI TS 125 143 V.4.0.
Human Exposure to RF ful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. B.2 Human Exposure to RF The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has adopted limits of human exposure to radio frequency (RF) emissions from portable or fixed RF systems that are regulated by the FCC. The exposure limits on the incident electric and magnetic fields and power densities are based on ANSI/IEEE and NCRP RF Safety Guidelines.
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Changes and New Capabilities APPENDIX C To check the firmware version of any Unison component, launch AdminManager and right-click on the component icon (main hub, expansion hub, or RAU) in the hierarchical tree. Select “Get Information” in the pull down menu. LGC recommends that you use the latest firmware to optimize operations of your Unison system. The latest firmware can be downloaded through the LGC Customer Portal, accessible through our main website at www.lgcwireless.com. C.1 New in Rev.
New in Rev. G of Manual C.3 New in Rev. G of Manual • Ability to filter warnings and status messages • Reclassification of some faults to warnings and some warnings to status messages. Faults are service impacting. Warnings are possible service impacting. Status messages are internal states that could impact service but not at the current time. C.4 New in Rev. F of Manual • Added additional reference to Japan Specification Document C.5 New in Rev.
New in Rev. B of Manual C.8 New in Rev. B of Manual • Supports GSM and EGSM frequency bands using the GSM RAU Frequencies: DL 1815–1850 MHz, UL 1720–1755 MHz • Supports globally downloading firmware updates to multiple units at the same time (that is, all RAUs in a system, then all of the Expansion Hubs, and finally the Main Hub) • Supports reclassification of status messages Help Hot Line (U.S.
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APPENDIX D Glossary Air Interface A method for formatting data and voice onto radio waves. Common air interfaces include AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, and GSM. AIN Advanced Intelligent Network. AINs allow a wireless user to make and receive phone calls while roaming outside the user’s “home” network. These networks, which rely on computers and sophisticated switching techniques, also provide many Personal Communications Service (PCS) features.
BSC Base Station Controller. A GSM term referring to the device in charge of managing the radio interface in a GSM system, including the allocation and release of radio channels and hand-off of active calls within the system. BTA Basic Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 493 areas, called BTAs. These BTAs are composed of a specific list of counties, based on a system originally developed by Rand McNally.
Circuit A communication connection between two or more points. A circuit can transmit either voice or data. CO Central Office. The main switching facility for a telecommunications system. CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association. The CTIA is an industry association made up of most of the wireless carriers and other industry players. It was formed in 1984 to promote the cellular industry and cellular technology. D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service. See IS-54. dB Decibel.
Fixed An ITU definition for radio communications between specified fixed points. Point-to-point high-frequency circuits and microwave links are two examples of fixed applications. FM Frequency Modulation. A method of transmitting information in which the frequency of the carrier is modified according to a plan agreed to by the transmitter and the receiver. FM can be either analog or digital. Forward Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from the base station to the mobile station.
IS-54 Interim Standard-54. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-54 was the first U.S. digital cellular standard. It was adopted by the CTIA in 1990. IS-95 Interim Standard-95. A U.S. CDMA cellular standard that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. This standard was developed by Qualcomm and adopted by the CTIA in 1993. IS-136 Interim Standard-136. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard based on IS-54 that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band.
to wireless operators to provide service within these MTAs and/or BTAs. (See BTA.) Multiplexing The simultaneous transmission of two or more signals on the same radio (or other) transmission facility. N-AMPS Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service. PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This acronym is used to refer to credit card sized packages containing memory, I/O devices and other capabilities for use in Personal Computers, handheld computers and other devices.
Signal to Noise Ratio The ratio of signal power to noise power at a given point in a given system. Smart Antenna Refers to an antenna whose signal handling characteristics change as signal conditions change. Soft Handoff Virtually undetectable by the user, soft handoff allows both the original cell and a new cell to serve a call temporarily during the handoff transition. Spectrum The range of electromagnetic frequencies.
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