InterReach Unison TM Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0
InterReach Unison TM Installation, Operation, and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0
This manual is produced for use by LGC Wireless personnel, licensees, and customers. The information contained herein is the property of LGC Wireless. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of LGC Wireless.
Limited Warranty Seller warrants articles of its manufacture against defective materials or workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to Purchaser, except as provided in any warranty applicable to Purchaser on or in the package containing the Goods (which warranty takes precedence over the following warranty).
InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0
PRELIMINARY Table of Contents SECTION 1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 SECTION 2 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRELIMINARY 3.2.1.2 9-pin D-sub Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3.3 Faults and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.4 Main Hub Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRELIMINARY 6.4.4 Installing Main Hubs in a Neutral Host System 6.5 Starting and Configuring the System . . . . . . . . . . 6-20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21 6.5.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation . . . . . 6-24 6.6 Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26 6.6.1 Connecting Multiple Main Hubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30 6.
PRELIMINARY 8.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards . . . . . . . . . 8-37 8.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-40 8.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems . . . . 8-44 8.5 Optical Power Budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-45 8.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-47 8.6.1 Attenuation . . . . . . .
PRELIMINARY List of Figures Figure 2-1 Figure 2-2 Figure 2-3 Figure 2-4 Figure 3-1 Figure 3-2 Figure 3-3 Figure 3-4 Figure 3-5 Figure 3-6 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-2 Figure 4-3 Figure 4-4 Figure 5-1 Figure 5-2 Figure 6-1 Figure 6-2 Figure 6-3 Figure 6-4 Figure 6-5 Figure 6-6 Figure 6-7 Figure 6-8 Figure 6-9 Figure 6-10 Figure 7-1 Figure 7-2 Figure 7-3 PN8700-10 620003-0 OA&M Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 Local System Monitoring and Reporting . . . .
PRELIMINARY Figure 7-4 Figure 7-5 Figure 7-6 Figure 7-7 Figure 7-8 Figure 7-9 Figure 8-1 Figure 1 Figure 8-2 Figure 8-3 Figure A-1 vi Step 2: Set Operation Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15 Step 3: Configure System Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19 Step 4: Final System Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21 Finish Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRELIMINARY List of Tables Table 2-1 Table 2-2 Table 2-3 Table 2-4 Table 2-5 Table 2-6 Table 2-7 Table 3-1 Table 3-2 Table 3-3 Table 4-1 Table 4-2 Table 4-3 Table 5-1 Table 5-2 Table 6-1 Table 6-2 Table 6-3 Table 6-4 Table 6-5 Table 6-6 Table 7-1 Table 7-2 Table 7-3 Table 8-1 Table 8-2 Table 8-3 Table 8-4 Table 8-5 PN8700-10 620003-0 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13 iDEN RF End-to-End Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRELIMINARY Table 8-6 Table 8-7 Table 8-8 Table 8-9 Table 8-10 Table 8-11 Table 8-12 Table 8-13 Table 8-14 Table 8-15 Table 8-16 Table 8-17 Table 8-18 Table 8-19 Table 8-20 Table 8-21 Table 8-22 Table 8-23 Table 8-24 Table 8-25 Table 8-26 Table 8-27 Table 8-28 Table 8-29 Table 8-30 Table 10-1 Table 10-2 Table 10-3 Table 10-4 Table 10-5 Table 10-6 Table 10-7 Table 10-8 viii 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9 1800 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier . . . . . .
PRELIMINARY Table 10-9 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Port LEDs During Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12 Table 10-10 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-13 Table A-1 Cat-5/6 Twisted Pair Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRELIMINARY x InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN8700-10 620003-0
PRELIMINARY SECTION 1 General Information This section contains the following subsections: • Section 1.1 Purpose and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 • Section 1.2 Conventions in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3 • Section 1.3 Acronyms in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 • Section 1.4 Standards Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRELIMINARY General Information 1.1 Purpose and Scope This document describes the InterReachTM Unison system components and the AdminManager software. Included is information for the installation, operation, and maintenance of the system. Also included is information about how to use the AdminManager software to install and configure the Unison system, as well as to perform other tasks such as change gain settings and check system status.
PRELIMINARY Conventions in this Manual 1.2 Conventions in this Manual The following table lists the type style conventions used in this manual. Convention Description bold Used for emphasis BOLD CAPS Used to indicate labels on equipment SMALL CAPS Used to highlight software window buttons Measurements are listed first in metric units, followed by U.S. Customary System of units in parentheses.
PRELIMINARY General Information 1.
PRELIMINARY Acronyms in this Manual Acronym PN 8700-10 620003-0 Definition PCS Personal Communication Services PLL phase-locked loop PLS path loss slope RAU Remote Access Unit RF radio frequency RSSI received signal strength indicator SC/APC fiber optic connector complying with NTT SC standard, angle-polished SMA sub-miniature A connector (coaxial cable connector type) SMF single-mode fiber ST straight tip (fiber optic cable connector type) ScTP screened twisted pair TDMA time di
PRELIMINARY General Information 1.4 Standards Conformance • Utilizes the TIA/EIA 568-A Ethernet cabling standards for ease of installation (see Appendix B). • See Appendix B for compliance information. 1.5 Related Publications • MetroReach Focus Configuration, Installation, and Reference Manual; LGC Wireless part number 8500-10 • LGCell Version 4.
PRELIMINARY InterReach™ Unison System Description SECTION 2 2.
InterReach™ Unison System Description PRELIMINARY Key System Features • Superior RF performance, particularly in the areas of IP3 and noise figure. • High downlink composite power (+26 dBm), IP3 (+38 dBm) and low uplink noise figure (22 dB for a system with 8 RAUs), enables support of a large number of channels and larger coverage footprint per antenna. • The Main Hub and the Expansion Hub are software configurable. Thus, the frequency band can be field configured.
PRELIMINARY System Hardware 2.
InterReach™ Unison System Description 2.3 PRELIMINARY System Software The AdminManager software runs on a Laptop PC which is either directly connected to the DB-9 RS-232 male connector on the Main Hub’s front panel or is remotely communicating through a modem that is connected to the DB-9 connector on the Main Hub’s rear panel. The AdminManager communicates with one Main Hub, and its downstream units, at a time.
PRELIMINARY System OA&M Capabilities 2.4 System OA&M Capabilities The InterReach Unison is microprocessor controlled and contains firmware which enables much of the OA&M functionality. Complete alarming, down to the field replaceable unit (i.e., Main Hub, Expansion Hub, Remote Access Unit) and the cabling infrastructure, is available. All events occurring in a system, defined as a Main Hub and all of its associated Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units, are automatically reported to the Main Hub.
PRELIMINARY InterReach™ Unison System Description 2.4.1 Configuring, Maintaining, and Monitoring Unison Locally Each Main Hub, Expansion Hub, and RAU in the system constantly monitors itself and its downstream units for internal fault and warning conditions. The results of the monitoring are stored in memory and compared against new results. The Expansion Hubs monitor their RAUs and store their status in memory.
PRELIMINARY Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely 2.4.2 Monitoring and Maintaining Unison Remotely When monitoring the system remotely, any change of state within the system causes the Main Hub to initiate an automatic call-out and report the system status to the OpsConsole. If the host does not acknowledge the connection, the Main Hub issues an automatic call-out every 15 minutes until an auto acknowledge or standard request for status (initiated by the host) is received.
InterReach™ Unison System Description 2.4.3 PRELIMINARY Using Alarm Contact Closures The DB-9 female connector on the rear panel of the Main Hub can be connected to a local base station or to a daisy-chained series of Unison, LGCell, and/or MetroReach Focus systems. • When you connect MetroReach Focus or a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and Focus is the input (alarm sense).
PRELIMINARY System Connectivity 2.5 System Connectivity The double star architecture of the Unison system, illustrated in the following figure, provides excellent system scalability and reliability. The system requires only one pair of fiber for 8 antenna points. This makes any system expansion, such as adding an extra antenna for additional coverage, potentially as easy as pulling an extra twisted pair (instead of pulling additional fiber).
PRELIMINARY InterReach™ Unison System Description 2.6 System Operation • Downlink (Base Station to Wireless Devices) The Main Hub receives downlink RF signals from a base station via coaxial cable Main Hub The Main Hub converts the RF signals to IF, then to optical signals and sends them to Expansion Hubs (up to four) via optical fiber cable. Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub converts the optical signals to electrical signals and sends them to RAUs (up to eight) via Cat-5/6 cable.
PRELIMINARY System Specifications 2.7 System Specifications 2.7.
PRELIMINARY InterReach™ Unison System Description 2.7.2 Environmental Specifications Parameter Main Hub and Expansion Hub RAU Operating Temperature 0° to +45°C (+32° to +113°F) –25° to +45°C (–13° to +113°F) Non-operating Temperature –20° to +85°C (–4° to +185°F) –25° to +85°C (–13° to +185°F) Operating Humidity; non-condensing 5% to 95% 5% to 95% 2.7.3 Operating Frequencies RF Passband 2-12 Freq.
PRELIMINARY RF End-to-End Performance 2.7.4 RF End-to-End Performance Table 2-1 Cellular RF End-to-End Performance Link Parameter UL DL Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)* 15 dB Typical Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 2 dB Output IP3 38 dBm Input IP3† –16 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm AMPS output power per carrier when 30 carriers are present 0.
PRELIMINARY InterReach™ Unison System Description Table 2-3 GSM RF End-to-End Performance Link Parameter Typical UL DL Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)* 15 dB Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 2 dB Output IP3 38 dBm Input IP3 –16 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 26 dBm GSM output power per carrier when 12 carriers are present 5.
PRELIMINARY RF End-to-End Performance Table 2-5 DCS RF End-to-End Performance Link Parameter Typical UL DL Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F)* 15 dB Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 5.5 dB Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Output IP3 36.5 dBm Input IP3 –16 dBm Output 1 dB Compression Point 24.5 dBm GSM output power per carrier when 16 carriers are present 5.
PRELIMINARY InterReach™ Unison System Description Table 2-7 W-CDMA RF End-to-End Performance Link Parameter Typical UL DL Average gain with 75 m Cat-5/6 at 25°C (77°F) * 15 dB Uplink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Downlink Ripple with 75 m Cat-5/6 3 dB Output IP3 36.
PRELIMINARY SECTION 3 Unison Main Hub The Main Hub distributes downlink RF signals from a base station, repeater, or MetroReach Focus system to up to four Expansion Hubs, which in turn distribute the signals to up to 32 Remote Access Units. The Main Hub also combines uplink signals from the Expansion Hubs for a base station or MetroReach Focus system.
PRELIMINARY Unison Main Hub Figure 3-2 3-2 Main Hub Block Diagram InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0
PRELIMINARY Main Hub Front Panel 3.1 Main Hub Front Panel Figure 3-3 1 Main Hub Front Panel 2 3 1. 4 Four fiber optic ports (labeled PORT 1, PORT 2, PORT 3, PORT 4) • One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF input (labeled UPLINK) • One standard female SC/APC connector per port for MMF/SMF output (labeled DOWNLINK) 2.
PRELIMINARY Unison Main Hub 3.1.1 Optical Fiber Uplink/Downlink Ports The optical fiber uplink/downlink ports transmit and receive optical signals between the Main Hub and up to four Expansion Hub(s) using industry-standard SMF or MMF cable. There are four fiber ports on the front panel of the Main Hub; one port per Expansion Hub.
PRELIMINARY Communications RS-232 Serial Connector Local Monitoring Use a null modem cable to connect a laptop or PC to the 9-pin D-sub male serial connector for local monitoring or configuring. The cable typically has a DB-9 female connector on both ends. The following figure shows the cable pinout.
PRELIMINARY Unison Main Hub 3.1.3 LED Indicators The unit’s front panel LEDs indicate fault conditions and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or if the system test has not been performed. Use the LEDs as a go/no go test or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager. Upon power up, the Main Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps.
PRELIMINARY LED Indicators Port LEDs The Main Hub has one pair of fiber port LEDs for each of the four Expansion Hub ports. The LED pairs can be in one of four states, as shown in the following table, in a combination of the following: off steady green steady red The port LEDs indicate the status of the Expansion Hub and RAUs; however, they do not indicate which particular unit is having a problem (i.e., the Expansion Hub vs. one of the RAUs).
PRELIMINARY Unison Main Hub 3.2 Main Hub Rear Panel Figure 3-6 1 2 Main Hub Rear Panel 3 4 5 1. Power on/off switch 2. AC power cord connector 3. Fan exhaust vent 4. One 9-pin D-sub female connector for contact closure monitoring (labeled DIAGNOSTIC 1) 5.
PRELIMINARY Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors 3.2.1 3.2.1.1 Main Hub Rear Panel Connectors N-type Female Connectors There are two N-type female connectors on the rear panel of the Main Hub: • The UPLINK connector transmits uplink RF signals to a repeater, local base station, or MetroReach Focus system. • The DOWNLINK connector receives downlink RF signals from a repeater, local base station, or MetroReach Focus system. 3.2.1.
PRELIMINARY Unison Main Hub 3.3 Faults and Warnings The Main Hub monitors and reports changes in system performance to: • Ensure that Expansion Hubs and Remote Access Units are connected and functioning properly. • Ensure that the fiber receivers, amplifiers, and IF/RF path in the Main Hub are functioning properly. The Main Hub periodically polls attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote Access Units for status.
PRELIMINARY Main Hub Specifications 3.4 Main Hub Specifications Table 3-3 Main Hub Specifications Specification Description Enclosure Dimensions (H × W × D): 44.5 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (1.75 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.) Weight < 3 kg (< 6.
PRELIMINARY Unison Main Hub 3-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0
PRELIMINARY SECTION 4 Unison Expansion Hub The Expansion Hub interfaces between the Main Hub and the Remote Access Unit(s) by converting optical signals to electrical signals. It also supplies the DC power to operate the Remote Access Unit(s). Figure 4-1 Expansion Hub in a Unison System Downlink Path: The Expansion Hub receives downlink optical signals from the Main Hub via fiber optic cable.
PRELIMINARY Unison Expansion Hub Figure 4-2 4-2 Expansion Hub Block Diagram InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0
PRELIMINARY Expansion Hub Front Panel 4.1 Expansion Hub Front Panel Figure 4-3 1 Expansion Hub Front Panel 2 3 4 5 1. Eight standard Cat-5/6 ScTP cable RJ-45 connectors (labeled PORT 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) 2. Eight sets of RJ-45 port LEDs (one set per port) • One LED per port for link status (labeled LINK) • One LED per port for downstream unit status (labeled RAU) 3.
PRELIMINARY Unison Expansion Hub 4.1.1 RJ-45 Connectors The eight RJ-45 connectors on the Expansion Hub are for the Cat-5/6 ScTP cable that is used to transmit and receive signals to and from RAUs. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/6 cable. The Cat-5/6 cable also delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal. A current limiting circuit is used to protect the Expansion Hub if any port draws excessive power. 4.1.
PRELIMINARY LED Indicators 4.1.3 LED Indicators The unit’s front panel LEDs indicate fault conditions and commanded or fault lockouts. The LEDs do not indicate warnings or if the system test has not been performed. Use the LEDs as a go/no go test or as a backup when you are not using AdminManager. Upon power up, the Expansion Hub goes through a five-second test to check the LED lamps.
PRELIMINARY Unison Expansion Hub Port LEDs The Expansion Hub has one pair of port LEDs for each of the eight RJ-45 ports. The port LEDs can be in one of four states, as shown in the following table.
PRELIMINARY Expansion Hub Rear Panel 4.2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel Figure 4-4 1 PN 8700-10 620003-0 2 Expansion Hub Rear Panel 3 1. Power on/off switch 2. AC power cord connector 3. Three air exhaust vents Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Unison Expansion Hub 4.3 Faults and Warnings The Main Hub periodically polls attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote Access Units for status. Both fault and warning conditions are reported to a connected PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software or to the optional remote OpsConsole. Only faults are indicated by LEDs. The faults and warnings that the Expansion Hub is responsible for monitoring and Reporting are listed in Section 10.
PRELIMINARY Expansion Hub Specifications 4.4 Expansion Hub Specifications Table 4-3 PN 8700-10 620003-0 Expansion Hub Specifications Specification Description Enclosure Dimensions (H × W × D) 89 mm × 438 mm × 305 mm (3.5 in. × 17.25 in. × 12 in.
PRELIMINARY Unison Expansion Hub 4-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0
PRELIMINARY Unison Remote Access Unit SECTION 5 The Remote Access Unit (RAU) is an active transceiver that connects to an Expansion Hub using industry-standard Cat-5/6 ScTP cable. The cable also delivers electrical power to the RAU. An RAU passes RF signals between an Expansion Hub and an attached passive antenna where the signals are transmitted to wireless devices.
PRELIMINARY Unison Remote Access Unit Figure 5-2 5-2 Remote Access Unit Block Diagram InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0
PRELIMINARY Remote Access Unit Connectors 5.1 5.1.1 Remote Access Unit Connectors SMA Connector The RAU has one female SMA connector. The connector is a duplexed RF input/output port that connects to a standard passive antenna using coaxial cable. 5.1.2 RJ-45 Port The RAU has one RJ-45 port that connects it to an Expansion Hub using Cat-5/6 ScTP cable. Use shielded RJ-45 connectors on the Cat-5/6 cable. 5.2 LED Indicators Upon power up, the RAU goes through a two-second test to check the LED lamps.
PRELIMINARY Unison Remote Access Unit 5.3 Faults and Warnings The Main Hub periodically polls attached Expansion Hubs and their Remote Access Units for status. Both faults and warning conditions are reported to a connected PC/laptop that is running the AdminManager software, or to the optional remote OpsConsole. Only faults are indicated by LEDs. The faults and warnings that the RAU is responsible for monitoring and reporting are listed in Section 10.
PRELIMINARY Remote Access Unit Specifications 5.4 Remote Access Unit Specifications Table 5-2 Remote Access Unit Specifications Specification Description Dimensions (H × W × D) 44 mm × 305 mm × 158 mm (1.7 in. × 12 in. × 6.2 in.
PRELIMINARY Unison Remote Access Unit 5-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components SECTION 6 6.1 6.1.1 Installation Requirements Component Location Requirements Unison components are intended to be installed in indoor locations only. 6.1.2 Cable and Connector Requirements The Unison equipment operates over standard Category 5 or 6 (Cat-5/6) screened twisted pair (ScTP) and industry-standard single-mode fiber (SMF) or multimode fiber (MMF) cable. These cables are widely used industry standards for Local Area Networks (LANs).
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components 6.1.4 Distance Requirements The following table shows the distances between Unison components and related equipment. Table 6-1 Equipment Combination Unison Distance Requirements Cable Type Distance Additional Information Coaxial; N male connectors 3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical Limited by loss and noise. Coaxial; N male connectors 3–6 m (10–20 ft) typical Main Hub to Expansion Hub Multimode Fiber: Single-Mode Fiber: SC/APC male connectors 1.
PRELIMINARY Safety Precautions 6.2 6.2.1 Safety Precautions Installation Guidelines Use the following guidelines when installing LGC Wireless equipment: 6.2.2 1. Provide sufficient airflow and cooling to the equipment to prevent heat build-up from exceeding the maximum ambient air temperature specification. Do not compromise the amount of airflow required for safe operation of the equipment. 2. Be careful when servicing these products.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components 6.2.3 Fiber Port Safety Precautions The following are suggested safety precautions for working with fiber ports. For information about system compliance with safety standards, see Appendix B. WARNING: Observe the following warning about viewing fiber ends in ports. Do not stare with unprotected eyes at the connector ends of the fibers or the ports of the hubs. Invisible infrared radiation is present at the front panel of the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub.
PRELIMINARY Preparing for System Installation 6.3 6.3.1 Preparing for System Installation Pre-Installation Inspection Follow this procedure before installing Unison equipment: PN 8700-10 620003-0 1. Verify the number of packages received against the packing list. 2. Check all packages for external damage; report any external damage to the shipping carrier.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components 6.3.2 Installation Checklist Table 6-2 Installation Checklist Installation Requirement Consideration Floor Plans Installation location of equipment clearly marked Power available: Main Hub (AC) Expansion Hub (AC) To RAU (DC) Power cord is 2 m (6.5 ft) long. Rating: 100–240V, 0.5A, 50–60 Hz Rating: 115/230V, 5/2.5A, 50–60 Hz 36V Rack space available: Main Hub Expansion Hub 44 mm (1.75 in.) high (1U) 89 mm (3.5 in.
PRELIMINARY Installation Checklist Table 6-2 Installation Checklist (continued) Installation Requirement Consideration Power combiner/splitter N-male to N-male coaxial cables; power combiner/splitter to Main Hub and base station or repeater Attenuator Attenuation may be required to achieve the desired RF output at the RAU and the desired uplink noise floor level Circulator When using a duplex BTS: Installed between the repeater the Main Hub uplink and downlink ports.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components 6.3.3 Tools and Materials Required Table 6-3 Tools and Materials Required for Component Installation Description Cable ties Philips screwdriver Mounting screws and spring nuts Fiber cleaning supplies Compressed air Screws, anchors, pipe clamp, etc. (for mounting RAUs) Drill Fusion splicer 6.3.
PRELIMINARY Unison Component Installation Procedures 6.4 Unison Component Installation Procedures The following procedures assume that the system is new from the factory and that it has not been programmed with a band. If you are replacing components in a pre-installed system with either new units or units that may already be programmed (i.e., re-using units from another system), refer to Section 9. • Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components The following procedures assume that the system is installed and programmed. • Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26 • Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26 • Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27 • Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PRELIMINARY Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas 6.4.1 Installing RAUs and Passive Antennas CAUTION: Install RAUs in indoor locations only. Installing RAUs Mount all RAUs in the locations marked on the floor plans. Considerations: • Install iDEN and 800 MHz cellular RAUs so that their antennas will be at least 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 feet) apart. • Keep at least 76 mm (3 in.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components Testing and Connecting the ScTP Cable Consideration: • Before connecting the ScTP cable to the RAU, confirm that it meets TIA/EIA 568-A standard and the TIA/EIA/IS-729 supplement. To test and connect the ScTP cable: 1. Perform cable testing. Test results are required for the final As-Built Document. Cable length: – Absolute Minimum: 10 m (33 ft) – Recommended Minimum: 25 m (82 ft) – Recommended Maximum: 100 m (328 ft) – Absolute Maximum: 150 m (492 ft) 2.
PRELIMINARY Installing Expansion Hubs 6.4.2 Installing Expansion Hubs The Expansion Hub (2U high) can mount in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack or in a wall-mountable equipment rack that is available from LGC Wireless. Allow clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear and 51 mm (2 in.) sides for air circulation. Install the Expansion Hub in a horizontal position only. CAUTION: Install Expansion Hubs in indoor locations only.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components Installing an Expansion Hub in a Wall-Mounted Rack Considerations: • The rack and the Expansion Hub are both 305 mm (12 in.) deep. The rack mounting brackets on the Expansion Hub must be moved from the front position to allow for the 76 mm (3 in.) rear clearance required. • The maximum weight the rack can hold is 22.5 kg (50 lbs). To install the hub in a wall-mounted rack: 1. Attach the equipment rack to the wall using the screws that are provided.
PRELIMINARY Installing Expansion Hubs Powering On the Expansion Hub 1. Connect the AC power cord to the Expansion Hub. 2. Plug the power cord into an AC power outlet. 3. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub and check that all the LED lamps are functioning properly. Upon power-up, the LEDs will blink for five seconds for a visual check that they are functioning. After the five-second test: • The POWER and UL STATUS LEDs should be green.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components To clean the fiber ports: Use compressed air to blow dust out of each fiber port before you insert the SC/APC connector. Note that compressed air should not leave any residue as this will contaminate the fiber port. To clean the fiber connectors: Be sure that the fiber cable’s SC/APC connectors are clean and free of dust or oils. If the fiber connector front face is not free of dust or oils, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning it.
PRELIMINARY Installing Expansion Hubs Connecting the ScTP Cables Considerations: • Confirm that the cables have been tested and the results recorded. To connect the ScTP cables: 1. Connect the ScTP cables to any available RJ-45 port on the Expansion Hub. 2. Record which RAU you are connecting to which port. This information is required for the As-Built Document. 3. Tie-off cables or use the optional cable manager to avoid damaging the connectors because of cable strain.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components 6.4.2.1 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Installation • All Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs with RAUs connected should indicate Green/Red, which indicates that the RAU is powered on and communication has been established. • The Expansion Hub UL STATUS LED should be Green.
PRELIMINARY Installing a Main Hub 6.4.3 Installing a Main Hub CAUTION: Install Main Hubs in indoor locations only. Installing a Main Hub in a Rack The Main Hub (1U high) mounts in a standard 19 in. (483 mm) equipment rack. Allow clearance of 76 mm (3 in.) front and rear, and 51 mm (2 in.) on both sides for air circulation. Consideration: • The Main Hub is shipped with #10-32 mounting screws. Another common rack thread is #12-24. Confirm that the mounting screws match the rack’s threads.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components 6.4.4 Installing Main Hubs in a Neutral Host System Installing Main Hubs in a neutral host system is the same as described in Section 6.4.3 on page 6-19. We recommend mounting all neutral host system Main Hubs in the same rack(s), grouped by frequency or carrier. For example, group the Main Hubs for the iDEN carrier(s) together, then the 800 MHz cellular carrier(s), and so on. Connecting to base stations and repeaters is the same as described in Section 6.
PRELIMINARY Starting and Configuring the System 6.5 Starting and Configuring the System Connecting a Laptop and Starting the AdminManager Software Considerations: • The AdminManager software is installed on a laptop computer that meets the requirements that are listed on page 7-2. • Null modem cable with female connectors is needed. To connect and start the AdminManager software: 1. Connect the null modem cable to the laptop and then to the RS-232 port on the Main Hub’s front panel. 2.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components Connecting the Fiber Cables to the Main Hub Considerations: • Before connecting the fiber cables, confirm that their optical loss does not exceed 3 dB optical budget. • If fiber distribution panels are used, confirm that the total optical loss of fiber cable, from the Main Hub through distribution panels and patch cords to the Expansion Hub, does not exceed the optical budget. • Make sure the fiber cable’s connectors are SC/APC (angle-polished).
PRELIMINARY Starting and Configuring the System Checking the Main Hub’s Fiber Port LEDs • The LINK LED should be green if the fiber is connected to the Expansion Hub, and communication and optical power are okay. • The E-HUB/RAU LED should be red because a band has not been programmed. • If the LINK LED is red and the E-HUB/RAU LED is off, there is no communication with the Expansion Hub. Check the fiber cables (downlink first); a cable may be broken or the optical link budget may be exceeded.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components 6.5.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation The following Main Hub LED indications assume that the Expansion Hub LEDs have already been checked. • All Main Hub fiber port LEDs that have Expansion Hubs connected to them should be Green/Red, indicating that the Expansion Hub is powered on and communication has been established. Table 6-6 During Installation Power On Main Hub power is On with no Expansion Hubs connected.
PRELIMINARY Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Installation Configuring the Unison System The system will not work until a band has been set and a system test is performed. • The AdminManager software must be running on a PC/laptop that is connected to the Main Hub’s front panel RS-232 connector. 1. Select the Installation Wizard (Local) mode radio button and click RUN. The Step 1, Verify Hardware window is displayed. Refer to Section 7.2 on page 7-12 for a description of the Installation wizard. 2.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components 6.6 Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top Antenna WARNING: Exceeding the maximum input power could cause failure of the Main Hub (refer to Section 8.1 on page 8-3 for maximum power specifications). If the maximum composite power is too high, attenuation is required. Connecting a Main Hub to a Roof-top Antenna It is recommended that you use a lightning arrestor or surge protector in a roof-top antenna configuration.
PRELIMINARY Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top Antenna Connecting a Main Hub to an In-Building Base Station Connecting a Simplex Base Station to a Main Hub: 1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the transmit simplex connector on the base station. 2. Connect the other end of the N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the DOWNLINK connector on the Main Hub. 3. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the receive simplex connector on the base station. 4.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components Connecting a Duplex Base Station to a Main Hub: When connecting to a duplex base station, use a circulator between it and the Main Hub. You can insert attenuators between the circulator and Main Hub as needed; refer to Section 8.6.1 on page 8-48 for more information. 1. Connect an N-male to N-male coaxial cable to the duplex connector on the base station. 2. Connect the other N-male connector to a circulator. 3.
PRELIMINARY Interfacing a Main Hub to a Base Station or Roof-top Antenna Connecting a Main Hub to Multiple Base Stations You can use power combiner/splitters to connect a Main Hub to multiple base stations, as shown in the following figure.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components 6.6.1 Connecting Multiple Main Hubs You can use power combiner/splitters as splitters to connect multiple Main Hubs in order to increase the total number of RAUs in a system. You can also use power combiner/splitters to combine base station channels in order to increase the number of RF carriers the system transports. The following figure shows connecting two Main Hubs to a simplex repeater or base station.
PRELIMINARY Connecting Multiple Main Hubs To connect two Main Hubs to a duplex repeater or base station, you need to use one circulator and one more coaxial jumper cable, as shown in the following figure.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Simplex Repeater or Base Station You will need the following: • 2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, etc.
PRELIMINARY Connecting Multiple Main Hubs Connecting Multiple Main Hubs to a Duplex Repeater or Base Station You will need the following: • 2 hybrid power combiner/splitters; one for uplink and one for downlink (2x1 for two Main Hubs, 3x1 for three, 4x1 for four, etc.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components 6.
PRELIMINARY Alarm Source 6.7.1 Alarm Source Unison is always an alarm source, no matter what type of equiment you are connecting to. Using MetroReach Focus to Monitor Unison When you connect MetroReach Focus to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and Focus is the input (alarm sense), as shown in the following figure.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components Using a Base Station to Monitor Unison When you connect a BTS to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the output of the alarms (alarm source) and the BTS is the input (alarm sense), as shown in the following figure.
PRELIMINARY Alarm Source Daisy-Chained Alarm Source Cable The daisy-chained alarm cable (PN 300117-0) that is used in these configurations is shown in Figure 6-8.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components 6.7.2 Alarm Sense Use the AdminManager to enable the Unison system for “alarm sense” when connecting to the contact closure of LGCell Main Hubs. Using Unison to Monitor LGCells When you connect LGCell to Unison, the Unison Main Hub is the input of the alarms (alarm sense) and the LGCell is the output (alarm source), as shown in the following figure.
PRELIMINARY Alarm Sense Alarm Sense Cable Adaptor Figure 6-10 shows the alarm sense cable adaptor (PN XXXXXX-0) that is used with the daisy-chained alarm source cable in this configuration. Figure 6-10 PN 8700-10 620003-0 Alarm Sense Adaptor Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Installing Unison Components 6-40 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0
PRELIMINARY SECTION 7 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software The AdminManager software is used to install, configure, and maintain the Unison system from a PC or laptop that you connect directly to a Main Hub’s front panel serial port. You can use the AdminManager to remotely view system status by connecting a PC or laptop to the Unison system via a dialup modem.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.1 7.1.1 PRELIMINARY Installing the AdminManager Software PC/Laptop Requirements • Operating System: • Windows 2000 Professional (recommended) • Windows 98 SE with IE 5.
PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements Installing AdminManager Install the AdminManager software on a PC/laptop that meets the requirements as described in Section 7.1.1. 1. Turn on the PC/laptop and insert the AdminManager CD into the PC/laptop’s CD drive. setup.exe is automatically launched. The following pop-up window is displayed while InstallShield checks the PC’s system. The Welcome to InstallShield Wizard window is displayed. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 2. PRELIMINARY Click the NEXT button to begin the AdminManager installation. The License Agreement window is displayed. If you select the “I do not accept” radio button, the InstallShield Wizard stops and the windows close.
PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements 3. Read the agreement and select the “I accept” radio button, and then click the NEXT button. The Customer Information window is displayed. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 4. PRELIMINARY Enter a User Name and Organization in the text boxes, and then click the NEXT button.
PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements 5. Click the NEXT button to accept the default destination. The Ready to Install the Program window is displayed. NOTE: To change information that is displayed in the Ready to Install the Program window, click the BACK button and make changes in previous windows. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 6. PRELIMINARY Click the INSTALL button if the information that is displayed in the Ready to Install the Program window is correct. The Installing AdminManager window is displayed. PDF files are used for Help. If the InstallShield Wizard detects that the PC does not have software for viewing PDF files, the following pop-up is displayed. • Click CONTINUE to install Acrobat Reader from the CD onto your PC.
PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements When the installation is finished, the InstallShield Wizard Completed window is displayed. 7. Click the FINISH button to end the InstallShield Wizard session and close the window. An AdminManager shortcut is added to your PC’s Start menu and an icon is added to your desktop. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY Starting AdminManager 1. Using the NULL modem cable, connect the PC/laptop to the Main Hub’s front panel RS-232 connector. 2. Turn on the power to the Main Hub, if it is not already on. 3. Double-click the AdminManager icon to start the software. Alternately, you can click the Start button that is on the PC’s taskbar, click Programs, click AdminManager, and then click the AdminManager application.
PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements AdminManager Operation Modes You can choose one of four operation modes from the AdminManager Start window. • Section 7.2 Installation Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12 Select this option when you are installing a system or a Main Hub for the first time. • Section 7.3 Configuration & Maintenance Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24 • Section 7.3.2 Options when Connected Locally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.2 PRELIMINARY Installation Wizard Use the Installation Wizard when you are installing a new system or a new Main Hub to a system. Installation consists of four steps; each one is displayed in a separate panel of the Wizard. • Section 7.2.1 Step 1: Verify Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13 • Section 7.2.2 Step 2: Set Operation Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15 • Section 7.2.
PRELIMINARY Step 1: Verify Hardware 7.2.1 Step 1: Verify Hardware During this step, the AdminManager software is in a listening mode. The Main Hub detects downstream units (Expansion Hubs and RAUs) and automatically reports the system configuration, which AdminManager displays as a configuration tree in the System Status pane of the Step 1 panel. Figure 7-3 Step 1: Verify Hardware Panel Verify Hardware Configuration 1. Enter a system label (up to 8 characters) in the System Label text box.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.2.1.1 PRELIMINARY Description of Step 1 Panel Panes • System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Status tree. • Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable.
PRELIMINARY Step 2: Set Operation Band 7.2.2 Step 2: Set Operation Band The Main and Expansion Hubs are manufactured and shipped without a band of operation programmed into them. The RAUs, on the other hand, are manufactured to a specific band or set of bands. In order for the system to perform, you must program the Main and Expansion Hubs to the band that the downstream RAUs are intended for. Figure 7-4 PN 8700-10 620003-0 Step 2: Set Operation Band Help Hot Line (U.S.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY Set Operation Band 1. Select a band from the Select Band drop-down list box. 2. Click the APPLY button. 3. Click the NEXT button if: a. The configuration is displayed correctly in the System Status pane. b. There are no error messages in the Messages pane. If a band setting error message is displayed, you can: 1. Disconnect the unit from the system. 2. Click the BACK button to return to Step 1. 3.
PRELIMINARY Step 2: Set Operation Band 7.2.2.1 Description of Step 2 Panel Panes • System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Status tree. • Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY Command Buttons • Apply Clicking the APPLY button issues the set band command to the Main Hub and all downstream components. In order for the system to complete the band configuration, the factory-set band of all the attached RAUs must match the band command issued by the AdminManager software. If the band command matches the RAU’s, then the system band is set.
PRELIMINARY Step 3: Configure System Parameters 7.2.3 Step 3: Configure System Parameters From this panel, you can set uplink and downlink system gain from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps. By default, the UL and DL System Gain is set at 15 dB. Current hardware settings are shown in the text boxes when the panel is first displayed. Figure 7-5 shows the display after the UL System Gain was changed to 11 dB.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.2.3.1 PRELIMINARY Description of Step 3 Panel Panes • System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Status tree. • Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable.
PRELIMINARY Step 4: Final System Test 7.2.4 Step 4: Final System Test This step performs an end-to-end RF path functional test that includes cable length estimation and system gain refinement. Any disconnect status is cleared and all fault logs are cleared. Figure 7-6 Step 4: Final System Test Perform Final System Test 1. Click the APPLY button if the configuration is displayed correctly in the System Status pane. 2.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.2.4.1 PRELIMINARY Description of Step 4 Panel Panes • System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Status tree. • Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable. Command Buttons • Apply Clicking the APPLY button starts the final system test.
PRELIMINARY Finish Panel 7.2.5 Finish Panel The Finish panel is displayed when the final system test is successfully completed. Figure 7-7 1. Finish Panel Click the FINISH button. A Save As dialog box is displayed. 2. Specify a file name and where to save the configuration file. The information that is stored in the configuration file is required for the As-Built Documentation. 7.2.5.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.3 PRELIMINARY Configuration & Maintenance Panel The Configuration & Maintenance Panel is used after the initial installation of a system. From this panel you can check status of the system, get current errors and warnings, get information about a particular unit in the system, set system parameters, and perform a system test, for example.
PRELIMINARY Window Description 7.3.1 Window Description Panes • System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-38 for more information about the System Status tree. • Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY Command Buttons • Execute Clicking the EXECUTE button starts the command that is selected in the Command list box. • Save Config Clicking the SAVE CONFIG button displays the Save Configuration Notes dialog box. Any additional information that you type into the text box is saved at the top of the configuration file.
PRELIMINARY Window Description • Save Msg Selecting the SAVE MSG button displays the Save As dialog box in which you specify the name of the file and where to save the contents of the Message text box. • Exit Selecting the EXIT button quits the session and displays the AdminManager Start window (Figure 7-2). PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.3.2 Options when Connected Locally When you are locally connected to the Main Hub, you can choose the following options in addition to those listed in Section 7.3.3, “Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely,” on page 7-33 (also, see Table 7-1 on page 7-25). Advanced RAU Settings • Set uplink and downlink 10 dB attenuation for an individual RAU Refer to “Using the 10 dB Attenuation Setting” on page 7-29 for a description of this setting.
PRELIMINARY Options when Connected Locally Using the 10 dB Attenuation Setting By selecting the Uplink and Downlink checkbox in the Advanced RAU Settings dialog box, the uplink and downlink signals in the individual RAU, which you specified in the RAU Selection dialog box, are both reduced by 10 dB.
PRELIMINARY Installing and Using the AdminManager Software Using the Uplink ALC Setting Uplink automatic level control (UL ALC) circuitry within the RAU provides automatic level control on high-power signals in the uplink path. This functionality is required to prevent compression caused by a single or multiple wireless devices that are in very close proximity to an RAU. Compression causes signal degradation and, ultimately, bit errors, and should be prevented.
PRELIMINARY Options when Connected Locally • Clear All Disconnect Status: clears a port disconnect fault when an Expansion Hub or an RAU is disconnected and will not be re-connected. • Command Unit In-Service: returns a unit to service that was previously removed from service; restores a component to the system’s alarm monitoring; displays the unit lock, unit not system tested, or normal operation icon.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY • Set System Parameters: displays a dialog box from which you select uplink and downlink gain settings, and/or specify a system label. • System Test: An end-to-end RF path functional test that includes cable length estimation and system gain refinement is performed during the system test. System operation is suspended while the test is being performed.
PRELIMINARY Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely 7.3.3 Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely You can only choose read-only options and view system status when you are remotely connected to the Main Hub. You cannot set parameters or change system configuration remotely. (See Table 7-1 on page 7-25.) • Get Current Errors: displays the highest priority error with a recommendations for resolving it PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY • Get Current Warnings: displays the highest priority warning with a recommendations for resolving it • Get System Parameters: displays the frequency band, callback number, uplink and downlink system gain, and system label 7-34 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0
PRELIMINARY Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely • Get Unit Info: displays the Options dialog box in which you select a unit. Select a unit and click the OK button to display that unit’s serial number, part number, revision number and firmware version. Additionally, the advanced settings for the RAU are displayed when RAU information is requested. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY • Refresh System Status: requests system status and updates the System Status tree 7-36 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0
PRELIMINARY Upgrading Firmware 7.4 Upgrading Firmware The firmware update program automatically detects which unit the firmware is intended for and displays the firmware ID and version number in the Firmware Update window, as shown in the following figure. Figure 7-9 Firmware Update Window Updating Firmware 1. Copy the firmware program to the PC. 2. Start AdminManager and select the Firmware Update radio button on the Start window, and then click run. An Open File dialog box is displayed. 3.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.5 PRELIMINARY System Status Tree A hierarchical tree of the detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. 7.5.1 System Status Tree Icons The following table shows the icons that may appear in the System Status tree.
PRELIMINARY SECTION 8 Designing a Unison Solution Designing a Unison solution is ultimately a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps: 1. Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements. This information is usually supplied by the service provider: • Frequency (i.e., 850 MHz) • Band (i.e., “A” band in the Cellular spectrum) • Protocol (i.e.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution • Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans will also be useful when you are selecting antenna locations. • If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, etc.) • Determine type of environment – Open layout (e.g., a convention center) – Dense, close walls (e.g., a hospital) – Mixed use (e.g.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU 8.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 10.0 6 10.5 7 9.5 8 8.5 9 8.0 10 7.0 11 7.0 12 6.5 13 6.0 14 5.5 15 5.5 16 5.0 20 4.0 30 2.0 WARNING: For 800 MHz AMPS, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 10.0 6 10.0 7 9.5 8 8.5 9 8.0 10 7.5 11 7.0 12 6.5 13 6.5 14 6.0 15 5.5 16 5.5 20 4.5 30 2.5 WARNING: For 800 MHz TDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 16.0 2 13.5 3 12.0 4 11.0 5 10.0 6 9.5 7 8.5 8 8.0 WARNING: For 800 MHz CDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-4 800 MHz (iDEN) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 9.0 6 8.0 7 7.0 8 6.5 9 6.0 10 5.5 11 5.0 12 4.5 13 4.0 14 4.0 15 3.5 16 3.0 20 2.0 30 0.5 WARNING: For 800 MHz iDEN, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 9.0 6 8.5 7 8.0 8 7.5 9 7.0 10 6.5 11 6.5 12 6.0 13 5.5 14 5.5 15 5.0 16 5.0 WARNING: For 900 MHz GSM or EGSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-6 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 9.0 6 8.5 7 8.0 8 7.5 9 7.0 10 6.5 11 6.5 12 6.0 13 5.5 14 5.5 15 5.0 16 5.0 WARNING: For 900 MHz EDGE, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-7 1800 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 10.0 6 9.5 7 8.5 8 7.5 9 7.0 10 6.5 11 6.0 12 5.5 13 5.0 14 5.0 15 4.5 16 4.0 WARNING: For 1800 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-8 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 9.0 6 8.0 7 7.5 8 6.5 9 6.0 10 5.5 11 5.0 12 4.5 13 4.5 14 4.0 15 3.5 16 3.5 WARNING: For 1800 MHz EDGE, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-9 1800 MHz (CDMA Korea) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 14.5 2 12.0 3 10.5 4 9.5 5 8.5 6 8.0 7 7.0 8 6.5 WARNING: For 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea), do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-10 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 10.0 6 9.0 7 8.0 8 7.0 9 6.5 10 6.0 11 5.5 12 5.0 13 5.0 14 4.5 15 4.0 16 4.0 20 3.0 30 1.0 WARNING: For 1900 MHz TDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-11 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 10.0 6 9.5 7 8.5 8 7.5 9 7.0 10 6.5 11 6.0 12 5.5 13 5.0 14 5.0 15 4.5 16 4.0 WARNING: For 1900 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-12 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 14.5 2 12.0 3 10.5 4 9.5 5 8.5 6 8.0 7 7.0 8 6.5 WARNING: For 1900 MHz CDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-13 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 9.0 6 8.0 7 7.5 8 6.5 9 6.0 10 5.5 11 5.0 12 4.5 13 4.5 14 4.0 15 3.5 16 3.5 WARNING: For 1900 MHz EDGE, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-14 2.1 GHz (WCDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 14.5 2 11.0 3 8.5 4 7.0 5 6.0 6 5.0 7 4.5 8 3.5 WARNING: For 2.1 GHz WCDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Allowing for Future Capacity Growth Sometimes a Unison deployment initially is used to enhance coverage. Later that same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deployment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four (increase this number? PS) carriers later. There are two options for dealing with this scenario: 8-18 1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers. 2.
PRELIMINARY Estimating RF Coverage 8.2 Estimating RF Coverage The maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the maximum acceptable path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.2.1 Path Loss Equation Indoor path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2): PL = 20log(4πd0f/c) + 10nlog(d/d0) + Χs (2) where: • PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna that is connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device). • d0 is usually taken as 1 meter of free-space. • f is the operating frequency in hertz.
PRELIMINARY Coverage Distance 8.2.2 Coverage Distance Equations (1) and (2), on pages 8-19 and 8-20, respectively, can be used to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device. Equation (2) can be simplified to: PL(d) = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlog(d) (3) where PLS (path loss slope) is chosen to account for the building’s environment.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-18 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (i.e., (20log(4πf/c)) for various frequency bands. Table 8-18 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) Band (MHz) 8-22 Uplink Downlink Mid-Band Frequency (MHz) 800 MHz Cellular 824–849 869–894 859 31.1 800 MHz iDEN 806–824 851–869 837.5 30.9 20log(4πf/c) 900 MHz GSM 890–915 935–960 925 31.8 900 MHz EGSM 880–915 925–960 920 31.
PRELIMINARY Coverage Distance For reference, Tables 8-19 through 8-25 show the distance covered by an antenna for various in-building environments.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Manufacturing 60 197 Hospital 38 125 Airport 60 197 Retail 53 174 Warehouse 60 197 Parking Garage 70 230 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 53 174 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 45 148 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 38 125 Table 8-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications
PRELIMINARY Coverage Distance Table 8-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Manufacturing 58 191 Hospital 30 100 Airport 58 191 Retail 51 167 Warehouse 58 191 Parking Garage 75 246 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 50 166 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 42 137 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 30 100 Table 8-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Manufacturing 56 183 Hospital 29 96 Airport 56 183 Retail 49 160 Warehouse 56 183 Parking Garage 72 236 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 49 160 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 40 132 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 29 96 Table 8-26 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.
PRELIMINARY Examples of Design Estimates 8.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates Example Design Estimate for an 800 MHz TDMA Application 1. Design goals: • Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band) • TDMA provider • 6 TDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 8.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Adam and Rich provided different distance numbers. Which are correct? JW 6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed. a. 1 antenna per floor × 8 floors = 8 RAUs b. 8 RAUs ÷ 8 (max 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 1 Expansion Hubs c.
PRELIMINARY Examples of Design Estimates Example Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application 1. Design goals: • PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 1900 MHz PCS band) • CDMA provider • 8 CDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 8.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed. a. 2 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 32 RAUs b. 32 RAUs ÷ 8 (max 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 4 Expansion Hubs c.
PRELIMINARY System Gain 8.3 System Gain The system gain can be decreased from 15 dB to 0 dB gain in 1 dB increments and the uplink and downlink gain of any RAU can be decreased by 10 dB in one step using AdminManager or OpsConsole. 8.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length The recommended minimum length of ScTP cable is 20 meters (66 ft) and the recommended maximum length is 100 meters (328 ft).
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.4 Link Budget Analysis A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal. One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier discussed in Section 8.1.
PRELIMINARY Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards 8.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards The link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in a Unison design. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-28 Consideration Thermal Noise Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued) Description This is the noise level in the signal bandwidth (BW). Thermal noise power = –174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW). Protocol Signal Bandwidth Thermal Noise TDMA 30 kHz –129 dBm CDMA 1.
PRELIMINARY Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application 8.4.2 Adam, Any WCDMA issues? (PS) Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Line Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) 33 –23 c. Power into Unison (dBm) d. Unison gain (dB) 10 0 e. Antenna gain (dBi) 3 f. Radiated power per carrier (dBm) 13 Airlink g. Multipath fade margin (dB) h.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Line Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) 4 b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –10 c. Unison gain (dB) d. Unison noise figure (dB) 1-4-32 0 e. System noise figure (dB) 22.6 f. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129 g. Required C/I ratio (dB) h. Antenna gain (dBi) i. Receive sensitivity (dBm) 22 12 3 –97.4 Airlink j. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6 k. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std.
PRELIMINARY Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards 8.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards A CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because the spread spectrum nature of CDMA must be considered. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon reception, the CDMA signal is de-spread.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution PTX + PRX = –76 dBm (for PCS, J-STD-008) where PTX is the mobile’s transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the mobile. The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 8-30 on page 8-38).
PRELIMINARY Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards Table 8-30 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA Systems Consideration Description Eb/No This is the energy-per-bit divided by the received noise and interference. It’s the CDMA equivalent of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This figure depends on the mobile’s receiver and the multipath environment.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Line Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per traffic channel (dBm) 30.0 b. Voice activity factor 50% c. Composite power (dBm) 40.0 d. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –24 e. Power per channel into Unison (dBm) 9.0 f. Composite power into Unison (dBm) 16.0 g. Unison gain (dB) 0.0 h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0 i.
PRELIMINARY Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application • b and c: see notes in Table 8-30 regarding power per carrier, downlink • e=a+d • f=c+d • i=e+g+h • j=f+g+h • p = –k + l + m + n + o • s=q+r • v=s+t+u • w=p+v • x=j–w • y = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + P where P = Ptx + Prx = –73 dB for Cellular –76 dB for PCS PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Line Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) 3.0 –30.0 c. Unison gain (dB) d. Unison noise figure (dB) 22.0 0.0 e. System noise figure (dB) 33.3 f. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0 g. Noise rise 75% loading (dB) h. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) i. Information rate (dB/Hz) j. Required Eb/(No+lo) 5.0 k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0 l.
PRELIMINARY Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application • e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula Fsys = F1 + F2 – 1 G1 + F3 – 1 G1G2 + .... where F = 10 (Noise Figure/10) G = 10(Gain/10) (See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.) • h=e+f+g • m = h + i + j –k – l • r=n+o+p+q • t=s–r–m PN 8700-10 620003-0 Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems The Unison can be used to extend the coverage of the outdoor network by connecting to a roof-top donor antenna that is pointed toward an outdoor base station. Additional considerations for such an application of the Unison are: • Sizing the gain and output power requirements for a bi-directional amplifier (repeater).
PRELIMINARY Optical Power Budget 8.5 Optical Power Budget Rich is updating this section for Unison. Unison uses SC/APC connectors. The connector losses associated with mating to these connectors is accounted for in the design and should not be included as elements of the Optical Power Budget. The reason is that when the Optical Power Budget is defined, measurements are taken with these connectors in place. The Main Hub/Expansion Hub link uses one fiber strand and its Optical Power Budget is: • Uplink: 5.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution The following table lists the typical losses from the configuration shown in Figure 1. Downlink (1310 nm) Description Optical Power Budget (dB) Inside Plant Cable Loss (dB/km) Loss Subtotal Uplink (1550 nm) Loss Subtotal Source 7 5.5 LGC Wireless 0.5 0.5 OCC/ CommScope Cable Length (km)a 1.2 0.6 1.2 0.6 b SMF Jumper Loss (approx. dB/km) 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 SC/APC Insertion Loss (dB): 4 used 0.25 1.0 0.25 1.
PRELIMINARY Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station 8.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station The first consideration when connecting Unison Main Hubs to a base station is to ensure there is an equal amount of loss through cables, combiners, etc. from the base station to the Main Hubs. For this example, assume that the base station will have simplex connections, one uplink and one downlink. Each of these connections will need to be divided to equilibrate power for each Main Hub.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.6.1 Attenuation Figure 8-3 shows a typical setup wherein a duplex base station is connected to a Main Hub. For a simplex base station, eliminate the circulator and connect the simplex ports of the base station to the simplex ports of the Main Hub. Add attenuators to regulate the power appropriately.
PRELIMINARY Uplink Attenuation 8.6.2 Uplink Attenuation The attenuation between the Main Hub’s reverse port and the base station does two things: 1. It attenuates the noise coming out of Unison. 2. It attenuates the desired signals coming out of Unison.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.6.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA In CDMA systems, the power transmitted by the mobile is determined by the characteristics of both the uplink and downlink paths. The power transmitted by the mobile should be similar in open-loop control (as determined by the downlink path) as during closed-loop control (as determined by the uplink and downlink paths).
PRELIMINARY Designing for a Neutral Host System 8.7 Designing for a Neutral Host System Designing for a neutral host system uses the same design rules previously discussed. Since a neutral host system typically uses multiple systems in parallel, we find it best to design for the worst case system so that there will not be holes in the covered area and the economies of a single installation can be achieved. For example, as indicated Section 7.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.7.2 Example Unison Neutral Host System Simon: do you have a Unison example? This is for LGCell. I need it ASAP (Wednesday PM).
PRELIMINARY Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System SECTION 9 9.1 Replacing an RAU Be aware that the new RAU must be the same band as the one you are replacing. If you replace an RAU with one that is of the wrong band, it will not work. The Main Hub automatically checks the band of a replaced RAU. There is no need to issue commands directly from the Main Hub. Therefore, as long as the RAU is of the correct band, the system will operate properly. Replacing an RAU 1.
Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System PRELIMINARY Checking the RAU’s LEDs 1. The RAU’s LINK and ALARM LEDs should blink (green/red) on power up. • If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the RAU. 2. After several seconds both LEDs should change to green, which indicates that the unit has been successfully replaced, there is communication with the Expansion Hub, and the RAU band is correct. a.
PRELIMINARY Replacing an Expansion Hub 9.2 Replacing an Expansion Hub Replacing an Expansion Hub 1. Turn off the power to the Expansion Hub. 2. Disconnect all Cat-5/6 cables, both fiber cables, and the AC power cord. 3. Replace the Expansion Hub with a new one. 4. Connect the AC power cord, all Cat-5/6 cables, and both fiber cables – remembering to clean and correctly connect the uplink and downlink fiber. 5. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub.
Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System 9.3 PRELIMINARY Replacing a Main Hub You must record the system configuration settings from the old Main Hub’s memory before replacing the unit. You will program the new Main Hub with this information. If the Main Hub is programmed incorrectly, the system will not work. If the Main Hub is not functioning, get the configuration settings from the As-Built Document that was created as part of the original installation. Get System Configuration Settings 1.
PRELIMINARY Replacing a Main Hub Replacing a Main Hub 1. Turn off the power to the Main Hub. 2. Disconnect all fiber cables and the AC power cord. 3. Replace the Main Hub with a new one. 4. Connect the AC power cord and all fiber cables – remembering to clean and correctly connect the uplink and downlink fiber cables. 5. Connect the null modem cable to the PC and then to the Main Hub’s front panel DB-9 serial connector. 6. Start the AdminManager software. 7.
Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System PRELIMINARY Checking the Main Hub’s LEDs • The LEDs should blink through all states on power up. • If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Main Hub. • If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is connected. • For each fiber optic port that has a Main Hub connected: • The LINK LED should be green. • The E-HUB/RAU LED should be: – Green if the MAIN HUB STATUS is green. – Red if the MAIN HUB STATUS is red.
PRELIMINARY Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance SECTION 10 There are no user-serviceable parts in any of the Unison components. Faulty or failed components are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. 10.1 Address 2540 Junction Avenue San Jose, California 95134-1902 USA Phone 1-408-952-2400 Fax 1-408-952-2410 Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only) +1-408-952-2400 (International) +44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.com e-mail service@lgcwireless.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance 10.2 PRELIMINARY Troubleshooting NOTE: Unison has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. Sources of potential problems include: • Malfunction of one or more Unison components • Faulty cabling/connector • Antenna, base station, or repeater problem • External RF interface NOTE: Faulty cabling is the cause of a vast majority of problems.
PRELIMINARY Fault Indications 10.2.1 Fault Indications Once all of the units are powered on and the cable connections are made, the faults from each unit can be requested using the AdminManager. Start with the Main Hub and work downstream. Resolve all faults first and then check the warnings. Take appropriate action to resolve the faults, as indicated in the following tables. Main Hub Faults Table 10-1 Main Hub Faults Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact Hardware failure.
PRELIMINARY Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance Table 10-1 Main Hub Faults (continued) Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact No communication with EHn. LINK Red E-HUB/ RAU Off Downlink fiber has high optical loss. If common point of failure for more than one Expansion Hub, replace the Main Hub. EHn and connected RAUs are off-line. Expansion Hub downlink port failure. Main Hub internal failure. Measure downlink optical fiber loss.
PRELIMINARY Fault Indications Expansion Hub Faults Table 10-2 Expansion Hub Faults Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact Hardware failure. STATUS Red Expansion Hub internal hardware failure. If common point of failure for more than one Expansion Hub, replace the Main Hub. Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are off-line Main Hub internal hardware failure. ? (JS) Downlink fiber has high optical loss. Measure downlink optical fiber loss.
PRELIMINARY Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance Table 10-2 Expansion Hub Faults (continued) Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact Failed to perform system test. STATUS Red Internal failure. If common point of failure for more than one Expansion Hub, replace the Main Hub. Degraded performance. Main Hub internal failure. Replace the Expansion Hub when possible. Uplink RAUn AGC failure. LINK Red Cat-5/6 cable length. Check Cat-5/6 cable length.
PRELIMINARY Fault Indications Remote Access Unit Faults Table 10-3 Remote Access Unit Faults Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact Hardware failure. ALARM Red Internal hardware failure. Replace the RAU. RAU is off-line. Frequency band not programmed. ALARM Red Wrong version of RAU for frequency band desired. Replace the RAU if not valid for desired frequency band. RAU is off-line. RAU is over temperature. ALARM Red Ambient temperature above maximum.
PRELIMINARY Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance 10.2.2 Warning Indications Warnings alert you to conditions that may impact system performance and conditions that indicate potential system failure. Before addressing warnings, ensure that all faults are resolved. Take appropriate action to resolve the warnings, as indicated in the following tables. Main Hub Warnings Table 10-4 Main Hub Warnings Warning Message Action Impact Downlink laser is failing.
PRELIMINARY Warning Indications Expansion Hub Warnings Table 10-5 Expansion Hub Warnings Warning Message Action Impact Downlink fiber optical loss greater than recommended maximum. Check the downlink fiber cable for excessive optical loss. Degraded system performance. Clean the cable connector. Clean the fiber ports. Uplink laser is failing. Replace the Expansion Hub when possible. The uplink laser will eventually fail resulting in the Expansion Hub and connected RAUs being off-line.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance 10.3 PRELIMINARY LED Troubleshooting Guide The following troubleshooting guide is from the perspective that all Unison equipment is installed, their cables are connected, and they are powered on; it is assumed that the system was operating normally before the current problem. (Refer to Section 6 for information on troubleshooting during initial installation of the system.) Always use AdminManager, if possible, to troubleshoot the system.
PRELIMINARY Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation 10.3.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation • All of the Main Hub’s LEDs should be green during normal operation. If any LEDs are red, get status using the AdminManager software for the exact cause and recommendations.
PRELIMINARY Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance 10.3.2 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation • All of the Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs that have RAUs connected should be Green/Green, indicating that the RAU is powered on, communication is established, and operation is normal. • The POWER and MAIN HUB STATUS LEDs should both be Green.
PRELIMINARY Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal Table 10-10 Operation During Normal Operation At Any Time (JS) EH Status LEDs State Action Impact UL STATUS Red Replace the Expansion Hub Uplink laser failure; no communications between the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub DL STATUS Red Check the downlink fiber for optical loss No communications with the Main Hub E-HUB STATUS Red If either the UL STATUS or the DL S
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance 10.4 PRELIMINARY Technical Assistance Call our help hot line for technical assistance: 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only) +1-408-952-2400 (International) +44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) Leave your name and phone number and an LGC Wireless customer service representative will return your call within an hour.
PRELIMINARY Cables and Connectors APPENDIX A A.1 Cat-5/6 Cable (ScTP) • Connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU(s) • Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) cellular and PCS signals • Delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal.
PRELIMINARY Cables and Connectors All Cat-5/6 cable must be terminated according to the TIA/EIA 568-A standard. The following diagram shows the top view of the wiring map for the cable and how the four pairs should be terminated. Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5/6 Cable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 W-G G W-O BL W-BL O W-BR BR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RJ-45 Port Green/ Green Orange/ Blue Blue/ Orange Brown/ Brown White White White White NOTE: Be sure to test cable termination before installing the cable.
PRELIMINARY Fiber Optical Cables A.2 Fiber Optical Cables • Connects Main Hub to Expansion Hub(s) • Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) cellular and PCS signals • Use industry-standard 62.5µm/125µm MMF or Corning SMF-28 fiber, or equivalent (SC/APC [angle-polished] connectors only) • Distances: • Multimode Fiber: up to 1.5 km (4,921 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximum • Single-Mode Fiber: up to 6 km (19,685 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximum A.
PRELIMINARY Cables and Connectors A-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0
PRELIMINARY Compliance APPENDIX B B.
PRELIMINARY Compliance B.2 Radio/EMC Requirements All anticipated standards approvals listed below are pending. GSM/EGSM/DCS Products Radio: EN 301502 v.7.0.
PRELIMINARY APPENDIX C Glossary Air Interface A method for formatting data and voice onto radio waves. Common air interfaces include AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, and GSM. AIN Advanced Intelligent Network. AINs allow a wireless user to make and receive phone calls while roaming outside the user’s “home” network. These networks, which rely on computers and sophisticated switching techniques, also provide many Personal Communications Service (PCS) features.
PRELIMINARY Glossary BTA Basic Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 493 areas, called BTAs. These BTAs are composed of a specific list of counties, based on a system originally developed by Rand McNally. The FCC grants licenses to wireless operators to provide service within these BTAs and/or MTAs. (See MTA.) BTS Base Transceiver Station. A GSM term referring to the group of network devices that provide radio transmission and reception, including antennas.
PRELIMINARY CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association. The CTIA is an industry association made up of most of the wireless carriers and other industry players. It was formed in 1984 to promote the cellular industry and cellular technology. D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service. See IS-54. dB Decibel. A unit for expressing the ratio of two amounts of power. It is often used in wireless to describe the amount of power loss in a system (i.e.
PRELIMINARY Glossary Forward Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from the base station to the mobile station. (See Reverse Channel.) Frequency The number of times an electrical signal repeats an identical cycle in a unit of time, normally one second. One Hertz (Hz) is one cycle per second. Frequency re-use The ability to use the same frequencies repeatedly across a cellular system.
PRELIMINARY IS-136 Interim Standard-136. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard based on IS-54 that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-553 Interim Standard-533. The U.S. analog cellular (AMPS) air interface standard. ITU International Telecommunications Union. The ITU is the principal international standards organization. It is charted by the United Nations and it establishes international regulations governing global telecommunications networks and services. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.
PRELIMINARY Glossary PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This acronym is used to refer to credit card sized packages containing memory, I/O devices and other capabilities for use in Personal Computers, handheld computers and other devices. PCS Personal Communications Service. A vague label applied to new-generation mobile communication technology that uses the narrow band and broadband spectrum recently allocated in the 1.9 GHz band. PDA Personal Digital Assistant.
PRELIMINARY Spectrum The range of electromagnetic frequencies. Spread Spectrum A method of transmitting a signal over a broad range of frequencies and then re-assembling the transmission at the far end. This technique reduces interference and increases the number of simultaneous conversations within a given radio frequency band. T-1 A North American commercial digital transmission standard. A T-1 connection uses time division multiplexing to carry 24 digital voice or data channels over copper wire.
PRELIMINARY Glossary C-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8100-50 620004-0
