PRELIMINARY SECTION 7 Installing and Using the AdminManager Software The AdminManager software is used to install, configure, and maintain the Unison system from a PC or laptop that you connect directly to a Main Hub’s front panel serial port. You can use the AdminManager to remotely view system status by connecting a PC or laptop to the Unison system via a dialup modem. Figure 7-1 PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.1 7.1.1 PRELIMINARY Installing the AdminManager Software PC/Laptop Requirements • Operating System: • Windows 2000 Professional (recommended) • Windows 98 SE with IE 5.
PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements Installing AdminManager Install the AdminManager software on a PC/laptop that meets the requirements as described in Section 7.1.1. 1. Turn on the PC/laptop and insert the AdminManager CD into the PC/laptop’s CD drive. setup.exe should automatically start. If it does not, double-click “setup.exe” on the CD-ROM. The following pop-up window is displayed while InstallShield checks the PC’s system. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY The Welcome to InstallShield Wizard window is displayed. 2. 7-4 Click the NEXT button to begin the AdminManager installation. InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements The License Agreement window is displayed. If you select the “I do not accept” radio button, the InstallShield Wizard stops and the windows close. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 3. PRELIMINARY Read the agreement and select the “I accept” radio button, and then click the NEXT button. The Customer Information window is displayed. 7-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements 4. Enter a User Name and Organization in the text boxes, and then click the NEXT button. The Destination Folder window is displayed PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 5. PRELIMINARY Click the NEXT button to accept the default destination. The Ready to Install the Program window is displayed. NOTE: To change information that is displayed in the Ready to Install the Program window, click the BACK button and make changes in previous windows. 7-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements 6. Click the INSTALL button if the information that is displayed in the Ready to Install the Program window is correct. The Installing AdminManager window is displayed. PDF files are used for Help. If the InstallShield Wizard detects that the PC does not have software for viewing PDF files, the following pop-up is displayed. • Click CONTINUE to install Acrobat Reader from the CD onto your PC. • Click QUIT to skip the installation of Acrobat Reader.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY When the installation is finished, the InstallShield Wizard Completed window is displayed. 7. Click the FINISH button to end the InstallShield Wizard session and close the window. An AdminManager shortcut is added to your PC’s Start menu and an icon is added to your desktop. 7-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY PC/Laptop Requirements Starting AdminManager 1. Using the NULL modem cable, connect the PC/laptop to the Main Hub’s front panel RS-232 connector. 2. Turn on the power to the Main Hub, if it is not already on. 3. Double-click the AdminManager icon to start the software. Alternately, you can click the Start button that is on the PC’s taskbar, click Programs, click AdminManager, and then click the AdminManager application. The following window is displayed when AdminManager starts.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY AdminManager Operation Modes You can choose one of four operation modes from the AdminManager Start window. • Section 7.2 Installation Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13 Select this option when you are installing a system or a Main Hub for the first time. Also, when you are replacing a Main Hub select this option to set the frequency band. • Section 7.3 Configuration & Maintenance Panel . . . . . . . .
PRELIMINARY Installation Wizard 7.2 Installation Wizard Use the Installation Wizard when you are installing a new system or a new Main Hub to a system. Installation consists of four steps; each one is displayed in a separate panel of the Wizard. • Section 7.2.1 Step 1: Verify Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14 • Section 7.2.2 Step 2: Set Operation Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16 • Section 7.2.3 Step 3: Configure System Parameters .
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.2.1 PRELIMINARY Step 1: Verify Hardware During this step, the AdminManager software is in a listening mode. The Main Hub detects downstream units (Expansion Hubs and RAUs) and automatically reports the system configuration, which AdminManager displays as a configuration tree in the System Status pane of the Step 1 panel. Figure 7-3 Step 1: Verify Hardware Panel Verify Hardware Configuration 1.
PRELIMINARY Step 1: Verify Hardware 7.2.1.1 Description of Step 1 Panel Panes • System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-39 for more information about the System Status tree. • Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable. Command Buttons • Help Clicking the HELP button displays the Unison Hardware Troubleshooting Guide.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.2.2 PRELIMINARY Step 2: Set Operation Band The Main and Expansion Hubs are manufactured and shipped without a band of operation programmed into them. The RAUs, on the other hand, are manufactured to a specific band or set of bands. In order for the system to perform, you must program the Main and Expansion Hubs to the band that the downstream RAUs are intended for.
PRELIMINARY Step 2: Set Operation Band Set Operation Band 1. Select a band from the Select Band drop-down list box. 2. Click the APPLY button. 3. Click the NEXT button if: a. The configuration is displayed correctly in the System Status pane. b. There are no error messages in the Messages pane. If a band setting error message is displayed, you can: 1. Disconnect the unit from the system. 2. Click the BACK button to return to Step 1. 3. Click the REFRESH button to clear the disconnected unit.
PRELIMINARY Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.2.2.1 Description of Step 2 Panel Panes • System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-39 for more information about the System Status tree. • Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable.
PRELIMINARY Step 2: Set Operation Band Command Buttons • Apply Clicking the APPLY button issues the set band command to the Main Hub and all downstream components, and initiates a system test. In order for the system to complete the band configuration, the factory-set band of all the attached RAUs must match the band command issued by the AdminManager software. If the band command matches the RAU’s, then the system band is set.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.2.3 PRELIMINARY Step 3: Configure System Parameters From this panel, you can set uplink and downlink system gain from 0 dB to 15 dB in 1 dB steps. By default, the UL and DL System Gain is set at 15 dB. Current hardware settings are shown in the text boxes when the panel is first displayed. Figure 7-5 shows the display after the UL System Gain was changed to 11 dB.
PRELIMINARY Step 3: Configure System Parameters 7.2.3.1 Description of Step 3 Panel Panes • System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-39 for more information about the System Status tree. • Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.2.4 PRELIMINARY Step 4: Final System Test This step performs an end-to-end RF path functional test that includes cable length estimation and system gain refinement. Any disconnect status is cleared and all fault logs are cleared. Figure 7-6 Step 4: Final System Test Perform Final System Test 1. Click the APPLY button if the configuration is displayed correctly in the System Status pane.
PRELIMINARY Step 4: Final System Test 7.2.4.1 Description of Step 4 Panel Panes • System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-39 for more information about the System Status tree. • Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane. If the status is okay, the NEXT button is selectable. Command Buttons • Apply Clicking the APPLY button starts the final system test.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.2.5 PRELIMINARY Finish Panel The Finish panel is displayed when the final system test is successfully completed. Figure 7-7 1. Finish Panel Click the FINISH button. A Save As dialog box is displayed. 2. Specify a file name and where to save the command file. All of the commands that were issued during the installation are saved in the command file. 7.2.5.
PRELIMINARY Configuration & Maintenance Panel 7.3 Configuration & Maintenance Panel The Configuration & Maintenance Panel is used after the initial installation of a system. From this panel you can check status of the system, get current errors and warnings, get information about a particular unit in the system, set system parameters, and perform a system test, for example. Figure 7-8 PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Configuration & Maintenance Window Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.3.1 Window Description Panes • System Status A hierarchical tree of detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. See Section 7.5 on page 7-39 for more information about the System Status tree. • Messages Status and error messages are displayed in the Messages pane.
PRELIMINARY Window Description Command Buttons • Execute Clicking the EXECUTE button starts the command that is selected in the Command list box. • Save Config Clicking the SAVE CONFIG button displays the Save Configuration Notes dialog box. Any additional information that you type into the text box is saved at the top of the configuration file. After you click OK in this dialog box, the Save As dialog box is displayed, in which you specify the name of the file and where to save the configuration file.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY • Save Msg Selecting the SAVE MSG button displays the Save As dialog box in which you specify the name of the file and where to save the contents of the Message text box. • Exit Selecting the EXIT button quits the session and displays the AdminManager Start window (Figure 7-2). 7-28 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY Options when Connected Locally 7.3.2 Options when Connected Locally When you are locally connected to the Main Hub, you can choose the following options in addition to those listed in Section 7.3.3, “Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely,” on page 7-34 (also, see Table 7-1 on page 7-26). Advanced RAU Settings • Set uplink and downlink 10 dB attenuation for an individual RAU Refer to “Using the 10 dB Attenuation Setting” on page 7-30 for a description of this setting.
PRELIMINARY Installing and Using the AdminManager Software Using the 10 dB Attenuation Setting By selecting the Uplink and Downlink checkbox in the Advanced RAU Settings dialog box, the uplink and downlink signals in the individual RAU, which you specified in the RAU Selection dialog box, are both reduced by 10 dB.
PRELIMINARY Options when Connected Locally Using the Uplink ALC Setting Uplink automatic level control (UL ALC) circuitry within the RAU provides automatic level control on high-power signals in the uplink path. This functionality is required to prevent compression caused by a single or multiple wireless devices that are in very close proximity to an RAU. Compression causes signal degradation and, ultimately, bit errors, and should be prevented.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY • Clear All Disconnect Status: clears a port disconnect fault when an Expansion Hub or an RAU is disconnected and will not be re-connected. • Command Unit In-Service: returns a unit to service that was previously removed from service; restores a component to the system’s alarm monitoring; displays the unit lock, unit not system tested, or normal operation icon.
PRELIMINARY Options when Connected Locally • Set System Parameters: displays a dialog box from which you select uplink and downlink gain settings, and/or specify a system label. If the system label text box is left empty, the System Status tree displays the default label “1”. • System Test: An end-to-end RF path functional test that includes cable length estimation and system gain refinement is performed during the system test. System operation is suspended while the test is being performed.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.3.3 PRELIMINARY Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely You can only choose read-only options and view system status when you are remotely connected to the Main Hub. You cannot set parameters or change system configuration remotely. (See Table 7-1 on page 7-26.) • Get Current Errors: displays the highest priority error with a recommendation for resolving it 7-34 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely • Get Current Warnings: displays the highest priority warning with a recommendation for resolving it • Get System Parameters: displays the frequency band, callback number, uplink and downlink system gain, and system label PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software PRELIMINARY • Get Unit Info: displays the Options dialog box in which you select a unit. Select a unit and click the OK button to display that unit’s serial number, part number, revision number and firmware version. Additionally, the advanced settings for the RAU are displayed when RAU information is requested. 7-36 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY Read-Only Options when Connected Remotely • Refresh System Status: requests system status and updates the System Status tree PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7.4 PRELIMINARY Upgrading Firmware The firmware update program automatically detects which unit the firmware is intended for and displays the firmware ID and version number in the Firmware Update window, as shown in the following figure. Figure 7-9 Firmware Update Window Updating Firmware 1. Copy the firmware program to the PC. 2. Start AdminManager and select the Firmware Update radio button on the Start window, and then click run.
PRELIMINARY System Status Tree 7.5 System Status Tree A hierarchical tree of the detected system components is displayed in the System Status pane. 7.5.1 System Status Tree Icons The following table shows the icons that may appear in the System Status tree.
Installing and Using the AdminManager Software 7-40 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PRELIMINARY PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY SECTION 8 Designing a Unison Solution Designing a Unison solution is ultimately a matter of determining coverage and capacity needs. This requires the following steps: 1. Determine the wireless service provider’s requirements. This information is usually supplied by the service provider: • Frequency (i.e., 850 MHz) • Band (i.e., “A” band in the Cellular spectrum) • Protocol (i.e.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution • Obtain floor plans to determine floor space of building and the wall layout of the proposed areas to be covered. Floor plans will also be useful when you are selecting antenna locations. • If possible, determine the building’s construction materials (sheetrock, metal, concrete, etc.) • Determine type of environment – Open layout (e.g., a convention center) – Dense, close walls (e.g., a hospital) – Mixed use (e.g.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU 8.1 Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU The following tables show the recommended maximum power per carrier out of the RAU SMA connector for different frequencies, formats, and numbers of carriers. These limits are dictated by RF signal quality and regulatory emissions issues. The maximum input power to the Main Hub is determined by subtracting the system gain from the maximum output power of the RAU.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-1 800 MHz (AMPS) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 10.0 6 10.5 7 9.5 8 8.5 9 8.0 10 7.0 11 7.0 12 6.5 13 6.0 14 5.5 15 5.5 16 5.0 20 4.0 30 2.0 WARNING: For 800 MHz AMPS, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-2 800 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 10.0 6 10.0 7 9.5 8 8.5 9 8.0 10 7.5 11 7.0 12 6.5 13 6.5 14 6.0 15 5.5 16 5.5 20 4.5 30 2.5 WARNING: For 800 MHz TDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-3 800 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 16.0 2 13.5 3 12.0 4 11.0 5 10.0 6 9.5 7 8.5 8 8.0 WARNING: For 800 MHz CDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-6 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-4 800 MHz (iDEN) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 9.0 6 8.0 7 7.0 8 6.5 9 6.0 10 5.5 11 5.0 12 4.5 13 4.0 14 4.0 15 3.5 16 3.0 20 2.0 30 0.5 WARNING: For 800 MHz iDEN, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-5 900 MHz (GSM or EGSM) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 9.0 6 8.5 7 8.0 8 7.5 9 7.0 10 6.5 11 6.5 12 6.0 13 5.5 14 5.5 15 5.0 16 5.0 WARNING: For 900 MHz GSM or EGSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-6 900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 9.0 6 8.5 7 8.0 8 7.5 9 7.0 10 6.5 11 6.5 12 6.0 13 5.5 14 5.5 15 5.0 16 5.0 WARNING: For 900 MHz EDGE, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-7 1800 MHz (DCS) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 10.0 6 9.5 7 8.5 8 7.5 9 7.0 10 6.5 11 6.0 12 5.5 13 5.0 14 5.0 15 4.5 16 4.0 WARNING: For 1800 MHz DCS, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-10 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-8 1800 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 9.0 6 8.0 7 7.5 8 6.5 9 6.0 10 5.5 11 5.0 12 4.5 13 4.5 14 4.0 15 3.5 16 3.5 WARNING: For 1800 MHz EDGE, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-9 1800 MHz (CDMA Korea) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 14.5 2 12.0 3 10.5 4 9.5 5 8.5 6 8.0 7 7.0 8 6.5 WARNING: For 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea), do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-12 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-10 1900 MHz (TDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 10.0 6 9.0 7 8.0 8 7.0 9 6.5 10 6.0 11 5.5 12 5.0 13 5.0 14 4.5 15 4.0 16 4.0 20 3.0 30 1.0 WARNING: For 1900 MHz TDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-11 1900 MHz (GSM) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 10.0 6 9.5 7 8.5 8 7.5 9 7.0 10 6.5 11 6.0 12 5.5 13 5.0 14 5.0 15 4.5 16 4.0 WARNING: For 1900 MHz GSM, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-14 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-12 1900 MHz (CDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 14.5 2 12.0 3 10.5 4 9.5 5 8.5 6 8.0 7 7.0 8 6.5 WARNING: For 1900 MHz CDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-13 1900 MHz (EDGE) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 10.0 2 10.0 3 10.0 4 10.0 5 9.0 6 8.0 7 7.5 8 6.5 9 6.0 10 5.5 11 5.0 12 4.5 13 4.5 14 4.0 15 3.5 16 3.5 WARNING: For 1900 MHz EDGE, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. 8-16 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY Maximum Output Power per Carrier at RAU Table 8-14 2.1 GHz (WCDMA) Power per Carrier No. of Carriers Power per Carrier (dBm) 1 14.5 2 11.0 3 8.5 4 7.0 5 6.0 6 5.0 7 4.5 8 3.5 WARNING: For 2.1 GHz WCDMA, do not exceed the maximum composite input power of 1W (+30 dBm) to the Main Hub at any time. PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Allowing for Future Capacity Growth Sometimes a Unison deployment initially is used to enhance coverage. Later that same system may also need to provide increased capacity. Thus, the initial deployment might only transmit two carriers but need to transmit four carriers later. There are two options for dealing with this scenario: 8-18 1. Design the initial coverage with a maximum power per carrier for four carriers. 2.
PRELIMINARY Estimating RF Coverage 8.2 Estimating RF Coverage The maximum power per carrier (based on the number and type of RF carriers that are being transmitted) and the minimum acceptable received power at the wireless device (i.e., RSSI, the design goal) establish the RF link budget, and consequently the maximum acceptable path loss between the antenna and the wireless device.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.2.1 Path Loss Equation Indoor path loss obeys the distance power law1 in equation (2): PL = 20log(4πd0f/c) + 10nlog(d/d0) + Χs (2) where: • PL is the path loss at a distance, d, from the antenna (the distance between the antenna that is connected to the RAU and the point where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device). • d0 is usually taken as 1 meter of free-space. • f is the operating frequency in hertz.
PRELIMINARY Coverage Distance 8.2.2 Coverage Distance Equations (1) and (2), on pages 8-19 and 8-20, respectively, can be used to estimate the distance from the antenna to where the RF signal decreases to the minimum acceptable level at the wireless device. Equation (2) can be simplified to: PL(d) = 20log(4πf/c) + PLSlog(d) (3) where PLS (path loss slope) is chosen to account for the building’s environment.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-18 gives the value of the first term of Equation (3) (i.e., (20log(4πf/c)) for various frequency bands. Table 8-18 Frequency Bands and the Value of the first Term in Equation (3) Band (MHz) 8-22 Uplink Downlink Mid-Band Frequency (MHz) 800 MHz Cellular 824–849 869–894 859 31.1 800 MHz iDEN 806–824 851–869 837.5 30.9 20log(4πf/c) 900 MHz GSM 890–915 935–960 925 31.8 900 MHz EGSM 880–915 925–960 920 31.
PRELIMINARY Coverage Distance For reference, Tables 8-19 through 8-25 show the distance covered by an antenna for various in-building environments.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-21 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz GSM Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Manufacturing 60 197 Hospital 38 125 Airport 60 197 Retail 53 174 Warehouse 60 197 Parking Garage 70 230 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 53 174 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 45 148 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 38 125 Table 8-22 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 900 MHz EGSM Applications
PRELIMINARY Coverage Distance Table 8-23 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz DCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Manufacturing 58 191 Hospital 30 100 Airport 58 191 Retail 51 167 Warehouse 58 191 Parking Garage 75 246 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 50 166 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 42 137 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 30 100 Table 8-24 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1800 MHz CDMA (Korea) Applications
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-25 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 1900 MHz PCS Applications Distance from Antenna Facility Meters Feet Manufacturing 56 183 Hospital 29 96 Airport 56 183 Retail 49 160 Warehouse 56 183 Parking Garage 72 236 Office: 80% cubicle/20% hard wall 49 160 Office: 50% cubicle/50% hard wall 40 132 Office: 20% cubicle/80% hard wall 29 96 Table 8-26 Approximate Radiated Distance from Antenna for 2.
PRELIMINARY Examples of Design Estimates 8.2.3 Examples of Design Estimates Example Design Estimate for an 800 MHz TDMA Application 1. Design goals: • Cellular (859 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 800 MHz Cellular band) • TDMA provider • 6 TDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 8.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed. a. 1 antenna per floor × 8 floors = 8 RAUs b. 8 RAUs ÷ 8 (max 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 1 Expansion Hub c.
PRELIMINARY Examples of Design Estimates Example Design Estimate for an 1900 MHz CDMA Application 1. Design goals: • PCS (1920 MHz = average of the lowest uplink and the highest downlink frequency in 1900 MHz PCS band) • CDMA provider • 8 CDMA carriers in the system • –85 dBm design goal (to 95% of the building) — the minimum received power at the wireless device • Base station with simplex RF connections 2. Power Per Carrier: The tables in Section 8.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 6. Equipment Required: Since you know the building size, you can now estimate the Unison equipment quantities that will be needed. Before any RF levels are tested in the building, you can estimate that 2 antennas per level will be needed. a. 2 antennas per floor × 16 floors = 32 RAUs b. 32 RAUs ÷ 8 (max 8 RAUs per Expansion Hub) = 4 Expansion Hubs c.
PRELIMINARY System Gain 8.3 System Gain The system gain can be decreased from 15 dB to 0 dB gain in 1 dB increments and the uplink and downlink gain of any RAU can be decreased by 10 dB in one step using AdminManager or OpsConsole. 8.3.1 System Gain (Loss) Relative to ScTP Cable Length The recommended minimum length of ScTP cable is 20 meters (66 ft) and the recommended maximum length is 100 meters (328 ft).
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.4 Link Budget Analysis A link budget is a methodical way to account for the gains and losses in an RF system so that the quality of coverage can be predicted. The end result can often be stated as a “design goal” in which the coverage is determined by the maximum distance from each RAU before the signal strength falls beneath that goal. One key feature of the link budget is the maximum power per carrier discussed in Section 8.1.
PRELIMINARY Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards 8.4.1 Elements of a Link Budget for Narrowband Standards The link budget represents a typical calculation that might be used to determine how much path loss can be afforded in a Unison design. This link budget analyzes both the downlink and uplink paths. For most configurations, the downlink requires lower path loss and is therefore the limiting factor in the system design.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Table 8-28 Consideration Thermal Noise Link Budget Considerations for Narrowband Systems (continued) Description This is the noise level in the signal bandwidth (BW). Thermal noise power = –174 dBm/Hz + 10Log(BW).
PRELIMINARY Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application 8.4.2 Narrowband Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Line Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per carrier (dBm) b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) 33 –23 c. Power into Unison (dBm) d. Unison gain (dB) 10 0 e. Antenna gain (dBi) 3 f. Radiated power per carrier (dBm) 13 Airlink g. Multipath fade margin (dB) h.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Narrowband Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Line Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) 4 b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –10 c. Unison gain (dB) d. Unison noise figure (dB) 1-4-32 0 e. System noise figure (dB) 22.6 f. Thermal noise (dBm/30 kHz) –129 g. Required C/I ratio (dB) h. Antenna gain (dBi) i. Receive sensitivity (dBm) 22 12 3 –97.4 Airlink j. Multipath fade margin (dB) 6 k. Log-normal fade margin with 8 dB std.
PRELIMINARY Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards 8.4.3 Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards A CDMA link budget is slightly more complicated because the spread spectrum nature of CDMA must be considered. Unlike narrowband standards such as TDMA and GSM, CDMA signals are spread over a relatively wide frequency band. Upon reception, the CDMA signal is de-spread.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution where PTX is the mobile’s transmitted power and PRX is the power received by the mobile. The power level transmitted under closed-loop power control is adjusted by the base station to achieve a certain Eb/N0 (explained in Table 8-30 on page 8-38).
PRELIMINARY Elements of a Link Budget for CDMA Standards Table 8-30 Additional Link Budget Considerations for CDMA (continued) Consideration Description Eb/No This is the energy-per-bit divided by the received noise and interference. It’s the CDMA equivalent of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This figure depends on the mobile’s receiver and the multipath environment.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.4.4 Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Downlink Line Downlink Transmitter a. BTS transmit power per traffic channel (dBm) 30.0 b. Voice activity factor 50% c. Composite power (dBm) 40.0 d. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) –24 e. Power per channel into Unison (dBm) 9.0 f. Composite power into Unison (dBm) 16.0 g. Unison gain (dB) 0.0 h. Antenna gain (dBi) 3.0 i.
PRELIMINARY Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application • b and c: see notes in Table 8-30 regarding power per carrier, downlink • e=a+d • f=c+d • i=e+g+h • j=f+g+h • p = –k + l + m + n + o • s=q+r • v=s+t+u • w=p+v • x=j–w • y = j (downlink) + m (uplink) + P where P = Ptx + Prx = –73 dB for Cellular –76 dB for PCS PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis: Uplink Line Uplink Receiver a. BTS noise figure (dB) b. Attenuation between BTS and Unison (dB) 3.0 –30.0 c. Unison gain (dB) d. Unison noise figure (dB) 22.0 0.0 e. System noise figure (dB) 33.3 f. Thermal noise (dBm/Hz) –174.0 g. Noise rise 75% loading (dB) h. Receiver interference density (dBm/Hz) i. Information rate (dB/Hz) j. Required Eb/(No+lo) 5.0 k. Handoff gain (dB) 0.0 l.
PRELIMINARY Spread Spectrum Link Budget Analysis for a Microcell Application • e: enter the noise figure and gain of each system component (a, b, c, and d) into the standard cascaded noise figure formula Fsys = F1 + F2 – 1 G1 + F3 – 1 G1G2 + .... where F = 10 (Noise Figure/10) G = 10(Gain/10) (See Rappaport, Theodore S. Wireless Communications, Principles, and Practice. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.) • h=e+f+g • m = h + i + j –k – l • r=n+o+p+q • t=s–r–m PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.4.5 Considerations for Re-Radiation (over-the-air) Systems The Unison can be used to extend the coverage of the outdoor network by connecting to a roof-top donor antenna that is pointed toward an outdoor base station. Additional considerations for such an application of the Unison are: • Sizing the gain and output power requirements for a bi-directional amplifier (repeater).
PRELIMINARY Optical Power Budget 8.5 Optical Power Budget Unison uses SC/APC connectors. The connector losses associated with mating to these connectors is accounted for in the design and should not be included as elements of the optical power budget. The reason is that when the optical power budget is defined, measurements are taken with these connectors in place. The Unison optical power budget for both multimode and single-mode fiber cable is 3.0 dB (optical).
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.6 Connecting a Main Hub to a Base Station The first consideration when connecting Unison Main Hubs to a base station is to ensure there is an equal amount of loss through cables, combiners, etc. from the base station to the Main Hubs. For this example, assume that the base station will have simplex connections, one uplink and one downlink. Each of these connections will need to be divided to equilibrate power for each Main Hub.
PRELIMINARY Attenuation 8.6.1 Attenuation Figure 8-3 shows a typical setup wherein a duplex base station is connected to a Main Hub. For a simplex base station, eliminate the circulator and connect the simplex ports of the base station to the simplex ports of the Main Hub. Add attenuators to regulate the power appropriately.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.6.2 Uplink Attenuation The attenuation between the Main Hub’s reverse port and the base station does two things: 1. It attenuates the noise coming out of Unison. 2. It attenuates the desired signals coming out of Unison.
PRELIMINARY Uplink Attenuation 8.6.2.1 Uplink Attenuation Exception: CDMA In CDMA systems, the power transmitted by the mobile is determined by the characteristics of both the uplink and downlink paths. The power transmitted by the mobile should be similar in open-loop control (as determined by the downlink path) as during closed-loop control (as determined by the uplink and downlink paths).
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8.7 Designing for a Neutral Host System Designing for a neutral host system uses the same design rules previously discussed. Since a neutral host system typically uses multiple systems in parallel, we find it best to design for the worst case system so that there will not be holes in the covered area and the economies of a single installation can be achieved. For example, as indicated Section 7.
PRELIMINARY Example Unison Neutral Host System 8.7.2 Example Unison Neutral Host System The following example configuration assumes: • 3 dBm per carrier output • Each System supports two bands, and therefore, two Operators (Exception: iDEN supports one Operator) Example Configuration: • 800 MHz iDEN: 16 channels • 800 MHz Cellular TDMA Band: 16 channels CDMA Band: 3 channels • 1900 MHz PCS TDMA Band: 16 channels CDMA Band: 3 channels GSM Band: 6 channels PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev. A Help Hot Line (U.S.
PRELIMINARY Designing a Unison Solution 8-52 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System SECTION 9 9.1 Replacing an RAU Be aware that the new RAU must be the same band as the one you are replacing. If you replace an RAU with one that is of the wrong band, it will not work. The Main Hub automatically checks the band of a replaced RAU. There is no need to issue commands directly from the Main Hub. Therefore, as long as the RAU is of the correct band, the system will operate properly. Replacing an RAU 1.
Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System PRELIMINARY Checking the RAU’s LEDs 1. The RAU’s LINK and ALARM LEDs should blink (green/red) on power up. • If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the RAU. 2. After several seconds both LEDs should change to green, which indicates that the unit has been successfully replaced, there is communication with the Expansion Hub, and the RAU band is correct. a.
PRELIMINARY Replacing an Expansion Hub 9.2 Replacing an Expansion Hub Replacing an Expansion Hub 1. Turn off the power to the Expansion Hub. 2. Disconnect all Cat-5/6 cables, both fiber cables, and the AC power cord. 3. Replace the Expansion Hub with a new one. 4. Connect the AC power cord, all Cat-5/6 cables, and both fiber cables – remembering to clean and correctly connect the uplink and downlink fiber. 5. Turn on the power to the Expansion Hub.
Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System 9.3 PRELIMINARY Replacing a Main Hub You must record the system configuration settings from the old Main Hub’s memory before replacing the unit. You will program the new Main Hub with this information. If the Main Hub is programmed incorrectly, the system will not work. If the Main Hub is not functioning, get the configuration settings from the As-Built Document that was created as part of the original installation. Get System Configuration Settings 1.
PRELIMINARY Replacing a Main Hub Replacing a Main Hub 1. Turn off the power to the Main Hub. 2. Disconnect all fiber cables and the AC power cord. 3. Replace the Main Hub with a new one. 4. Connect the AC power cord and all fiber cables – remembering to clean and correctly connect the uplink and downlink fiber cables. 5. Connect the null modem cable to the PC and then to the Main Hub’s front panel DB-9 serial connector. 6. Start the AdminManager software. 7.
Replacing Unison Components in an Operating System PRELIMINARY Checking the Main Hub’s LEDs • The LEDs should blink through all states on power up. • If the LEDs do not blink on power up, replace the Main Hub. • If the LEDs do not illuminate at all, make sure the AC power cable is connected. • For each fiber optic port that has a Main Hub connected: • The LINK LED should be green. • The E-HUB/RAU LED should be: – Green if the MAIN HUB STATUS is green. – Red if the MAIN HUB STATUS is red.
PRELIMINARY Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance SECTION 10 There are no user-serviceable parts in any of the Unison components. Faulty or failed components are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. 10.1 Address 2540 Junction Avenue San Jose, California 95134-1902 USA Phone 1-408-952-2400 Fax 1-408-952-2410 Help Hot Line 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only) +1-408-952-2400 (International) +44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) Web Address http://www.lgcwireless.com e-mail service@lgcwireless.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance 10.2 PRELIMINARY Troubleshooting NOTE: Unison has no user-serviceable parts. Faulty or failed units are fully replaceable through LGC Wireless. Sources of potential problems include: • Malfunction of one or more Unison components • Faulty cabling/connector • Antenna, base station, or repeater problem • External RF interface NOTE: Faulty cabling is the cause of a vast majority of problems.
PRELIMINARY Fault Indications 10.2.1 Fault Indications Once all of the units are powered on and the cable connections are made, the faults from each unit can be requested using the AdminManager. Start with the Main Hub and work downstream. Resolve all faults first and then check the warnings. Take appropriate action to resolve the faults, as indicated in the following tables. In cases where there is more than one possible cause, they are listed from the “most likely” to the “least likely” cause.
PRELIMINARY Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance Table 10-1 Main Hub Faults (continued) Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact EHn uplink AGC failure STATUS Red Uplink fiber has high optical loss. Measure UL optical fiber loss. The Main Hub’s EHn port is off-line; downlink is okay. Main Hub uplink port failure. Move fiber pair to another port. If fault is not reported, fiber is okay and Main Hub port is dirty or bad.
PRELIMINARY Fault Indications Table 10-1 Main Hub Faults (continued) Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact No communication with EHn LINK Red E-HUB/ RAU Off Downlink fiber has high optical loss. Measure downlink optical fiber loss. EHn and connected RAUs are off-line. Clean the Expansion Hub’s downlink fiber port. Clean the Main Hub’s downlink fiber port. Uplink fiber has high optical loss Measure uplink optical fiber loss. Clean uplink fiber connectors.
PRELIMINARY Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance Table 10-1 Main Hub Faults (continued) Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact EHn/RAU reports fault condition LINK Green E-HUB/ RAU Red Any Expansion Hub or RAU fault Use the AdminManager to check for Expansion Hub and RAU faults. Proceed to Expansion Hub or RAU troubleshooting section.
PRELIMINARY Fault Indications Table 10-2 Expansion Hub Faults (continued) Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact Frequency band not programmed STATUS Red Downlink fiber has high optical loss. Measure downlink optical fiber loss. Expansion Hub and connected RAUs are off-line Clean the downlink fiber connectors. Clean the Main and Expansion Hubs’ downlink fiber ports.
PRELIMINARY Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance Table 10-2 Expansion Hub Faults (continued) Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact Failed to perform system test STATUS Red Main Hub internal failure. If common point of failure for more than one Expansion Hub, replace the Main Hub. Degraded performance. Internal failure. Perform System Test, if failure persists, replace the Expansion Hub.
PRELIMINARY Fault Indications Remote Access Unit Faults Table 10-3 Remote Access Unit Faults Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact Hardware failure ALARM Red Internal hardware failure. Replace the RAU. RAU is off-line. Frequency band not programmed ALARM Red Wrong version of RAU for frequency band desired. Replace the RAU if not valid for desired frequency band. RAU is off-line. RAU is over temperature ALARM Red Ambient temperature above maximum.
PRELIMINARY Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance Table 10-3 Remote Access Unit Faults (continued) Fault Message LED State Possible Causes Action Impact Downlink pilot failure ALARM Red Cat-5/6 cable failure. Verify that the Cat-5/6 cable has no shorts or opens. RAU is off-line. Verify maximum Cat-5/6 cable length of 150 meters. Verify minimum Cat-5/6 cable length of 10 meters. RAU internal failure. or Expansion Hub port failure. Expansion Hub internal failure.
PRELIMINARY Warning Indications 10.2.2 Warning Indications Warnings alert you to conditions that may impact system performance and conditions that indicate potential system failure. Before addressing warnings, ensure that all faults are resolved. Take appropriate action to resolve the warnings, as indicated in the following tables. Main Hub Warnings Table 10-4 Main Hub Warnings Warning Message Action Impact Downlink laser is failing Replace the Main Hub when possible.
PRELIMINARY Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance Expansion Hub Warnings Table 10-5 Expansion Hub Warnings Warning Message Action Impact Downlink fiber optical loss greater than recommended maximum Check the downlink fiber cable for excessive optical loss. Degraded system performance. Clean the cable connector. Clean the fiber ports. Uplink laser is failing Replace the Expansion Hub when possible.
PRELIMINARY LED Troubleshooting Guide 10.3 LED Troubleshooting Guide The following troubleshooting guide is from the perspective that all Unison equipment is installed, their cables are connected, and they are powered on; it is assumed that the system was operating normally before the current problem. (Refer to Section 6 for information on troubleshooting during initial installation of the system.) Always use AdminManager, if possible, to troubleshoot the system.
PRELIMINARY Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance 10.3.1 Troubleshooting Main Hub LEDs During Normal Operation • All of the Main Hub’s LEDs should be green during normal operation. If any LEDs are red, get status using the AdminManager software for the exact cause and recommendations.
PRELIMINARY Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation 10.3.2 Troubleshooting Expansion Hub LEDs During Normal Operation • All of the Expansion Hub LINK and E-HUB/RAU LEDs that have RAUs connected should be Green/Green, indicating that the RAU is powered on, communication is established, and operation is normal. • The POWER and MAIN HUB STATUS LEDs should both be Green.
PRELIMINARY Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance Troubleshooting Expansion Hub Status LEDs During Normal Table 10-10 Operation During Normal Operation EH Status LEDs State Action Impact At Any Time UL STATUS Red Replace the Expansion Hub Uplink laser failure; no communications between the Main Hub and the Expansion Hub DL STATUS Red Check the downlink fiber for optical loss No communications with the Main Hub E-HUB STATUS Red If either the UL STATUS or the DL STATUS are
PRELIMINARY Technical Assistance 10.4 Technical Assistance Call our help hot line for technical assistance: 1-800-530-9960 (U.S. only) +1-408-952-2400 (International) +44(0) 1223 597812 (Europe) Leave your name and phone number and an LGC Wireless customer service representative will return your call within an hour.
Maintenance, Troubleshooting, and Technical Assistance 10-18 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PRELIMINARY PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY Cables and Connectors APPENDIX A A.1 Cat-5/6 Cable (ScTP) • Connects the Expansion Hub to the RAU(s) • Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) cellular and PCS signals • Delivers DC electrical power to the RAUs. The Expansion Hub’s DC voltage output is 36V DC nominal.
PRELIMINARY Cables and Connectors All Cat-5/6 cable must be terminated according to the TIA/EIA 568-A standard. The following diagram shows the top view of the wiring map for the cable and how the four pairs should be terminated. Figure A-1 Wiring Map for Cat-5/6 Cable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 W-G G W-O BL W-BL O W-BR BR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RJ-45 Port Green/ Green Orange/ Blue Blue/ Orange Brown/ Brown White White White White NOTE: Be sure to test cable termination before installing the cable.
PRELIMINARY Fiber Optical Cables A.2 Fiber Optical Cables • Connects Main Hub to Expansion Hub(s) • Transmits (downlink) and receives (uplink) cellular and PCS signals • Use industry-standard 62.5µm/125µm MMF or Corning SMF-28 fiber, or equivalent (SC/APC [angle-polished] connectors only) • Distances: • Multimode Fiber: up to 1.5 km (4,921 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximum • Single-Mode Fiber: up to 6 km (19,685 ft) – 3 dB optical loss maximum A.
PRELIMINARY Cables and Connectors A-4 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY APPENDIX B InterReach Unison Property Sheet Use the “InterReach Unison Property Sheet” form, which is provided on the following page, to document a system configuration. The completed form can be used for future reference when the system is being maintained or components are added or exchanged. An example of a completed form is shown below. InterReachTM Unison Property Sheet Installer: J.
PRELIMINARY InterReach Unison Property Sheet InterReachTM Unison Property Sheet Installer: Date: System Label: Unit MH - EH - RAU 1-1-n (RAU 1) 1-1-2 (RAU 2) 1-1-3 (RAU 3) 1-1-4 (RAU 4) 1-1-5 (RAU 5) 1-1-6 (RAU 6) 1-1-7 (RAU 7) 1-2-n (RAU 1) (RAU 2) 1-2-3 (RAU 3) 1-2-4 (RAU 4) 1-2-5 (RAU 5) 1-2-6 (RAU 6) 1-2-7 (RAU 7) B-2 Unit Serial No.
PRELIMINARY Compliance APPENDIX C C.1 Safety Approvals • UL/cUL 1950 3rd edition • CB scheme evaluation with all national deviations • EN 60950:1992 including amendments A1, A2, A3, A4, and A11 PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY Compliance C.2 Radio/EMC Approvals GSM/EGSM/DCS Products EMC: ETSI EN 301 489-8 V.1.1.1 (2000-09) Radio: EN 301502 v.7.0.1 (8-2000) ETS 300 609-4 V.8.0.2 (2000-10) Cellular Products EMC: FCC part 15 class A Radio: FCC part 22 PCS Products EMC: FCC part 15 class A Radio: FCC part 24 iDEN Products EMC: FCC part 15 class A Radio: FCC part 90 GSM Products EMC: FCC part 15 class A Radio: FCC part 90 C-2 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8700-10 620003-0 Rev.
PRELIMINARY APPENDIX D Glossary Air Interface A method for formatting data and voice onto radio waves. Common air interfaces include AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, and GSM. AIN Advanced Intelligent Network. AINs allow a wireless user to make and receive phone calls while roaming outside the user’s “home” network. These networks, which rely on computers and sophisticated switching techniques, also provide many Personal Communications Service (PCS) features.
PRELIMINARY Glossary BTA Basic Trading Area. The U.S. and its territories are divided into 493 areas, called BTAs. These BTAs are composed of a specific list of counties, based on a system originally developed by Rand McNally. The FCC grants licenses to wireless operators to provide service within these BTAs and/or MTAs. (See MTA.) BTS Base Transceiver Station. A GSM term referring to the group of network devices that provide radio transmission and reception, including antennas.
PRELIMINARY CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association. The CTIA is an industry association made up of most of the wireless carriers and other industry players. It was formed in 1984 to promote the cellular industry and cellular technology. D-AMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service. See IS-54. dB Decibel. A unit for expressing the ratio of two amounts of power. It is often used in wireless to describe the amount of power loss in a system (i.e.
PRELIMINARY Glossary Forward Channel Refers to the radio channel that sends information from the base station to the mobile station. (See Reverse Channel.) Frequency The number of times an electrical signal repeats an identical cycle in a unit of time, normally one second. One Hertz (Hz) is one cycle per second. Frequency re-use The ability to use the same frequencies repeatedly across a cellular system.
PRELIMINARY IS-136 Interim Standard-136. A U.S. TDMA cellular standard based on IS-54 that operates in the 800 MHz or 1900 MHz band. IS-553 Interim Standard-533. The U.S. analog cellular (AMPS) air interface standard. ITU International Telecommunications Union. The ITU is the principal international standards organization. It is charted by the United Nations and it establishes international regulations governing global telecommunications networks and services. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.
PRELIMINARY Glossary PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. This acronym is used to refer to credit card sized packages containing memory, I/O devices and other capabilities for use in Personal Computers, handheld computers and other devices. PCS Personal Communications Service. A vague label applied to new-generation mobile communication technology that uses the narrow band and broadband spectrum recently allocated in the 1.9 GHz band. PDA Personal Digital Assistant.
PRELIMINARY Spectrum The range of electromagnetic frequencies. Spread Spectrum A method of transmitting a signal over a broad range of frequencies and then re-assembling the transmission at the far end. This technique reduces interference and increases the number of simultaneous conversations within a given radio frequency band. T-1 A North American commercial digital transmission standard. A T-1 connection uses time division multiplexing to carry 24 digital voice or data channels over copper wire.
PRELIMINARY Glossary D-8 InterReach Unison User Guide and Reference Manual PN 8100-50 620003-0 Rev.
