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Express L128 and

Express L128T

ISDN Router/Bridge

USER MANUAL

Express L128, Data Only 1202070L1

Express L128T with POTS Option 1202070L2

61202.070L1-1A

May 1998

Summary of content (200 pages)

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Express L128 and Express L128T ISDN Router/Bridge USER MANUAL Express L128, Data Only 1202070L1 Express L128T with POTS Option 1202070L2 61202.
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Trademark: DMS-100 is a trademark of Northern Telecom, Inc. Ethernet is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel Corporation, and Xerox Corporation. ExpertISDN (patent number 5,715,241) is a trademark of ADTRAN, Inc. Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Novell, NetWare, and Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. 5ESS is a registered trademark of LUCENT.
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FCC regulations require that the following information be provided in this manual: 1. If this equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may temporarily discontinue service. If possible, advance notification is given; otherwise, notification is given as soon as possible. The telephone company will advise the customer of the right to file a complaint with the FCC. 2.
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CANADIAN EMISSIONS REQUIREMENTS This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled "Digital Apparatus," ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.
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IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS When using your telephone equipment, basic safety precautions should always be followed to reduce the risk of fire, electric shock and injury to persons. The precautions are listed below. 1. Do not use this product near water (for example, near a bath tub, wash bowl, kitchen sink or laundry tub, in a wet basement or near a swimming pool). 2. Avoid using a telephone (other than a cordless type) during an electrical storm.
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Table of Contents Quick Startup Guide ......................................................................................................... Setting up the ISDN Line................................................................................................... Connecting to an Internet Service Provider.................................................................... Internet Access using Network Address Translation (NAT) ................................ Multiprotocol Routing Between Two LANS .....
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Table of Contents Chapter 3. Terminal Menu Operation and Structure ................................................. Terminal Menu Structure .................................................................................................. Configuration ............................................................................................................... Dial................................................................................................................................. Status ....
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Table of Contents IP/Static Routes ................................................................................................... Static Routes/Active ..................................................................................... Static Routes/IP Address............................................................................. Static Routes/Subnet Mask.......................................................................... Static Routes/Gateway..............................................
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Table of Contents Bridge/Spanning Tree......................................................................................... Spanning Tree/Mode ................................................................................... Spanning Tree/Priority ................................................................................ Spanning Tree/Maximum Age ................................................................... Spanning Tree/Hello Time .........................................................
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Table of Contents Connection List/IP .............................................................................................. IP/Mode ......................................................................................................... IP/NAT........................................................................................................... IP/Route ......................................................................................................... Route/IP/Net........................
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Table of Contents Connection List/Bandwidth .............................................................................. Bandwidth/On Demand .............................................................................. Bandwidth/Mode ................................................................................... Bandwidth/Idle Timeout....................................................................... Bandwidth/Preempt Time ....................................................................
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Table of Contents Dial/Dial....................................................................................................................... Dial/Hang Up.............................................................................................................. Dial/Status ................................................................................................................... Dial/Channels....................................................................................................
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Table of Contents Upgrade/Status.................................................................................................... Upgrade/Start Transfer ...................................................................................... Upgrade/Abort Transfer .................................................................................... Upgrade/TFTP Server......................................................................................... Utilities/Exit.....................................
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List of Figures Figure 1-1: Express L128/L128T ...................................................................................... 7 Figure 1-2: Single User to Corporate LAN ..................................................................... 8 Figure 1-3: Single User to Internet Service Provider ..................................................... 9 Figure 1-4: Multiple User to Internet Service Provider................................................. 10 Figure 1-5: SOHO to Corporate LAN..............
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List of Figures x Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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List of Tables Table 2-A: Using the Flash-Hook..................................................................................... 23 Table 4-A: Troubleshooting Calls .................................................................................... 113 Table D-A: IBM/AT Style EIA-232 Interface ................................................................. 143 Table D-B: RJ-45 ISDN .......................................................................................................
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List of Tables xii Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Quick Startup Guide SETTING UP THE ISDN LINE Before configuring the Express L128/L128T, ensure that the telephone service has provided the switch type, service profile identification (SPID), and local directory number (LDN). Example: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Switch Type SPID1 SPID2 LDN1 LDN2 National ISDN-1 20555512120100 20555512130100 5551212 5551213 Connect a VT 100 async terminal, or personal computer with a terminal emulator running 9600 N-8-1, to the MAINTENANCE port.
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Quick Startup Guide CONNECTING TO AN INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER Internet Access using Network Address Translation (NAT) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 2 Connect the 10BaseT cable from the PC’s network card to the Express L128/L128T. Select TO NIC on the Express L128/L128T back panel. Go to the Configuration/Connection List menu, and then press the right arrow key to place the cursor on the Num column. Type I to insert a new Connection List entry.
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Quick Startup Guide 19. If the call is successful, the Status column will read active. If not, make sure the number(s) are correct or reference Chapter 4 on page 107 (the troubleshooting chapter) before going on to the next step. 20. Once the call is up, the PC must generate a DHCP request to obtain the IP parameters needed to get on the Internet. Refer to your PC’s user manual or help screen.
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Quick Startup Guide 11. Enter the IP address and Netmask parameters of the access server at the remote site. This creates a static route to the access server’s network which is entered into the Express L128/L128T’s IP route table. 12. Move the cursor over the RIP menu. Check with the network administrator for the type of routing protocol used. The Express L128/L128T supports RIP versions 1 and 2. The protocol is set in the Protocol parameter. 13. Select Yes for the Triggered parameter.
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Quick Startup Guide When the computer which is attached to the local LAN attempts to access a host on the access server, the Express L128/L128T will dial the number provided in the Connection List profile. The Express L128/L128T will provide one of two B-channels based on traffic demand and POTS port usage (Express XLT model only).
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Quick Startup Guide 6 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Chapter 1 Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T ISDN OVERVIEW The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a public or private switched digital network. ISDN is an international standard for digital communications, allowing a full range of enhanced services supporting voice, data, and image applications through standard interfaces over a single telephone wire.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T Applications Single User to Corporate LAN • • • • • Telecommuter/Home Office Access to the corporate LAN Single device access User Datagram Protocol (UDP) broadcasts are “relayed” to corporate LAN. Client device can obtain the Internet Protocol (IP) address dynamically using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T Single User IP to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using Network Address Translation (NAT) • • Provides high speed home access to the Internet NAT provides translation from user assigned IP addresses to ISP assigned IP addresses. The PC’s IP address can be dynamically assigned by the Express L128/ L128T.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T Multiple Users to Internet Service Provider (ISP) using NAT • • • • • • Provides high speed home access to the Internet Multiple and simultaneous access The PC’s IP address can by dynamically assigned by the Express L128/ L128T. On-demand Internet access Multilink PPP plus compression yields effective throughput greater than 256 kbps.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T Small Office - Home Office (SOHO) to Corporate LAN • • • • • • Connects the small office or home office to the corporate LAN Routes IP and Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) traffic from multiple devices to the corporate LAN Bridges all non-routed traffic (e.g.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T 2. IP Router: The Express L128/L128T can function as an IP router using the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) for advertising and learning routes among other routers. Static routes may also be entered into the routing table. 3. IPX Router: IPX routers and services can be exchanged between the Express L128/L128T and other devices using RIP and Service Advertising Protocol (SAP).
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T Bridging In Bridge Mode, the Express L128/L128T can communicate with two remote networks at a time. The destination is dialed by setting up a Connection List profile and choosing Dial on the Dial menu. See Configuration/Connection List on page 63 for instructions on setting up a Connection List profile.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T IP Routing The Express L128/L128T operates as a dial-up IP router when the Configuration/IP/IP Router/Mode option is configured to On. The Express L128/L128T uses an IP unnumbered WAN interface; the IP address and mask assigned to the unit’s LAN interface apply to all routing and IP operations for the unit. If a default gateway is specified on the network of the Ethernet interface, the unit attempts to reach the gateway through that interface.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T IPX Routing Like IP routing, the Express L128/L128T can connect to two different sites and exchange IPX packets. Network routes and services are learned and advertised using Novell’s RIP and SAP. Routes and services learned from a separate site can be retained in the Express L128/L128T when the connection goes idle.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T Network Address Translation Mode NAT is a special mode of operation in which the Express L128/L128T obtains a dynamically assigned IP address from the peer router (typically an Internet Service Provider). This allows a network of computers to benefit from Ethernet to ISDN speeds while still appearing to the Internet Service Provider (or central site router) as a single IP address, which is typical of PC based serial dial-up solutions.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T WAN Indicators PWR B1 B2 Flashes when the link is inactive; solid when the link is active. Flashes green when the link is being negotiated; off when the link is active. After the link is active, B1 flashes green when a call on B1 channel is in progress; solid green when a call is connected. Flashes green when the link is being negotiated; off when the link is active.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T ISDN Connection From the network, ISDN is delivered by a single 2-wire 2B1Q U-interface which is connected directly to the Express L128/L128T. ISDN network termination is designed into the Express L128/L128T, eliminating the need and expense of a separate NT1. For network testing, the Express L128/L128T responds to NT1 test commands from the telephone company central office (CO).
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T Ordering ISDN When ordering ISDN from the telephone company, request EZ-ISDN 1 (Capability Package U) to ensure it is set up properly. EZ-ISDN 1 is recommended by the industry for most home office/small business applications. If this is not available from your service provider or you would like more information regarding ordering ISDN, see the ADTRAN document Ordering ISDN Service User Guide part number 60000.
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Chapter 1: Understanding ISDN and the Express L128/L128T incoming HTTP, FTP, and mail server requests from the Internet to be translated and forwarded to this address on the user network. Configuration The Express L128/L128T is configured using a menu-based interface. This interface can be accessed via the maintenance port using any asynchronous VT 100 terminal or personal computer running a terminal emulation program, or via the LAN using a Telnet client program.
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Chapter 2 Installation After unpacking the unit, immediately inspect it for possible shipping damage. If damage is discovered, file a claim immediately with the shipping carrier; then contact the ADTRAN Repair and Return department. ISDN NETWORK CONNECTION The Express L128/L128T supports either dial or leased operation. A single RJ45 modular jack labeled ISDN on the rear panel provides connection to either network service. Dial operation allows the user to dial out or receive calls over the public network.
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Chapter 2: Installation TELEPHONE CONNECTION (L128T ONLY) Basic Telephone Service The Express L128T supports an analog DTMF telephone type (AT&T 2500) with the POTS interface, part number 1202070L2. Two telephones or other analog devices (like a fax machine or modem) plug into either RJ-11 jack (labeled with drawings of telephones) on the rear of the unit. Using a multipoint line allows the POTS and data port to have unique phone numbers.
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Chapter 2: Installation Table 2-A Using the Flash-Hook Calling a second party with an active call. Flash-hook to place active call on hold and dial new number. Hanging up will terminate the call. Answering an incoming call with an active call at call waiting. Flash-hook to place active call on hold and answer incoming call. Hanging up will terminate both calls. Conferencing Calls. With an outgoing call on hold, and a second outgoing call active, flash-hook to conference calls.
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Chapter 2: Installation To Telephone Company Yellow Red Green Black New Wiring Scheme Personal Computer Express L128/L128T 10-Base-T Phone U Yellow To Telephone Company Red Green Black Figure 2-1 Wiring Scheme 1: Use existing analog telephone equipment, but replace single analog telephone service with ISDN service 24 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Chapter 2: Installation To Telephone Company Yellow Red Green Black New Wiring Scheme Personal Computer Express L128/L128T 10-Base-T Phone Red U Green Yellow To Telephone Company Red Green Black WARNING Ensure other yellow and black wire functions are removed before using this wiring scheme. Figure 2-2 Wiring Scheme 2: Retain single analog telephone service and add ISDN service 61202.
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Chapter 2: Installation 26 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Chapter 3 Terminal Menu Operation and Structure TERMINAL MENU STRUCTURE The Express L128/L128T uses a multilevel menu structure containing both menu items and data fields. All menu operations and data display in the terminal menu window. The Express L128/L128T is shipped in the Factory Default configuration. Connect any VT 100 or VT 220 type terminal emulator to the maintenance port. The default rate is 9600 baud 8-N-1. The terminal emulator can flow the Express L128/L128T off using software flow control.
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Right Pane Lists available submenus. Additional submenus available through this pane are indicated by the [+] and [DATA] symbols. Express L128/L128T User Manual Left Pane Lists available menus. Mode Describes current operating mode. Figure 3-1 Top Level Terminal Menu 61202.070L1-1 Loop Status Displays current status of ISDN line. B-channel Status Displays current status of each B channel. Navigation Help Displays list of characters you can use to navigate the terminal menus. Press Control-Z.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Status The Status menu provides options to review and monitor the status of the Express L128/L128T system. See the section Status Menu on page 90 for detailed information on the available options. Test The Test menu can be used for performing diagnostic testing of the Express L128/L128T. See the section Test Menu on page 98 for detailed information on the tests available.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure NAVIGATING THE TERMINAL MENUS The following sections provide information on how to navigate through the terminal menus. General Layout When you first start a terminal mode session, the window shown in Figure 31 on page 28 displays. The screen is divided into left and right panes. The left pane shows the current list of submenus, while the right pane shows the contents of a selected submenu.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Navigation with the Keyboard You can use different keystrokes to navigate through the terminal menu. Press Control-Z to activate a pop-up screen with the available keystrokes. The following section provides a list of the available keystrokes and the results: General Navigation H Returns to the home screen. J Jumps between two menu items. Press J while on a menu item of interest, and you will jump back to the main screen.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure ConÞguration 32 F Restores factory default settings. This setting restores the factory defaults based on the location of the cursor. Entire submenus can be factory defaulted. C Copies selected items to the clipboard. The amount of information you can copy depends on the cursor location when you press C. For example, if the cursor is over an editable field, only that item is copied.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Security Levels Each menu item on the configuration screens has an associated security level. The security level ranges from 0 (highest security level) to 5 (lowest security level). This level determines whether a Telnet session can access that menu item. The Telnet session is assigned a security level set by the user. Passwords can only be accessed as security level 0. The maintenance port is always at security level 0.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure CONFIGURATION MENU Configuration/System Info The System Info menu provides basic information about the unit and displays data fields for editing information. Figure 3-2 displays the submenus available under this menu item. Figure 3-2 Configuration/System Info Screen System Name Write security: 3; Read security: 5 Provides a user configurable text string for the name of the Express L128/ L128T. This name can help distinguish between different installations.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure enter up to 31 alpha-numeric characters in this field, including spaces and special characters (such as an under bar). System Contact Write security: 3; Read security: 5 Provides a user configurable text string for the contact name. This field can contain a name, phone number, or e-mail address of a person responsible for the Express L128/L128T.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/WAN The WAN menu is used to set up the ISDN parameters for the Express L128/ L128T. Also, for the Express L128T, a POTS menu is provided. Figure 3-3 shows the WAN menu. You can run the L128/L128T with Frame Relay if you obtain the appropriate firmware. See Appendix F on page 149 for information. Figure 3-3 Configuration/WAN Screen WAN/ISDN Write security: 2; Read security: 5 Selects the mode the ISDN line is in.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure (LDN(s)) and area code. Enter the 7-digit LDN in LDN 1 and LDN 2 (if a second number exists). The area code must be entered. The message Auto Spid Success will appear in the Call Log to indicate success in determining the SPID. See Appendix B on page 121 for additional messages and their definitions.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Dial Line/LDN 1 or 2 Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This option allows the entry of 0, 1, or 2 LDNs. The LDN is used when placing or receiving calls. The LDN is the local phone number assigned to the line. LDN 1 = 5 5 5 1 2 1 2 LDN 2 = 5 5 5 1 2 1 3 Disconnect the network interface from the unit before initially entering or altering the SPIDs and LDNs.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure ISDN/FEBEs Read security: 5 This contains the number of Far-End-Block-Errors (FEBEs) that have been detected by the ISDN circuitry on the other end of the link. Continuous errors can indicate a line problem, but a burst at one time is normal. WAN/POTS Write security: 2; Read security: 5 POTS parameters are under this menu. They appear only under the Express L128T version.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/IP The IP menu is used to set up the IP parameters for the Express L128/L128T. Any general IP-related configuration item is under this menu. Figure 3-4 shows the IP menu. Figure 3-4 Configuration/IP Screen IP/IP Address Write security: 2; Read security: 5 The IP address assigned to the Express L128/L128T’s Ethernet port is set here. This address must be unique within the network. Factory default is 10.0.0.1.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IP/Default Gateway Write security: 3; Read security: 5 The default gateway is used by the Express L128/L128T for sending IP packets whose destination address is not found in the route table. If this address is all zeros, then the first WAN connection becomes the default gateway. If the address entered is not on the Ethernet segment, then an “idle route” entry is added to the route table. IP/Static Routes Static Routes can be inserted under this menu.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Static Routes/Private Write security: 4; Read security: 5 When set to No, the Express L128/L128T will advertise this static route using RIP. Otherwise, setting to Yes means that the route is kept private. IP/IP Router The IP router is configured under this menu as follows. IP Router/Mode Write security: 3; Read security: 5 When this option is set to On (def), the Express L128/L128T will advertise and listen to routes from other IP routers.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure RIP/Method Write security: 3; Read security: 5 Split Horizon - Only routes not learned on the Ethernet port are advertised. Poison Reverse (def) - All routes are advertised, including routes learned from the Ethernet port. These routes are poisoned. None - All routes are advertised, including routes learned from the Ethernet port. No attempt is made to poison these routes.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure NAT/DHCP Renewal Time Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This is the number of hours that the DHCP server should allow the device before it is required to send a new DHCP request. The default is 15 hours, and 0 represents an infinite lease. NAT/Web Server Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This is the IP address of a web server on the Ethernet network.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure DNS/Server 2 Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This is the IP address for the secondary DNS device. It is used a back-up in case the primary address does not respond to the request. IP/UDP Relay The Express L128/L128T can be configured as a relay agent for UDP broadcast packets. Normally, a router will not forward UDP broadcast packets. However, many network applications use UDP broadcasts to configure addresses, host names, and other information.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure UDP Relay List/UDP Port 1, UDP Port 2, UDP Port 3 Write security: 3; Read security: 5 UDP Port 1, UDP Port 2, and UDP Port 3 are used for specifying UDP ports to be relayed. These fields only apply when UDP Port Type is set to Specified. IP/Proxy ARP Write security: 4; Read security: 5 This feature allows the network portion of a group of addresses to be shared between several physical network segments.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/IPX The IPX menu is used to set up the IPX parameters for the Express L128/ L128T. Any general IPX-related configuration item can be found under this menu. Figure 3-5 shows the IPX menu. Figure 3-5 Configuration/IPX Screen IPX/Mode Write security: 2; Read security: 5 When this option is set to On (def), the Express L128/L128T will route IPX. Setting it to Off will disable all IPX functionality.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IPX/Frame Type Write security: 2; Read security: 5 The Express L128/L128T supports all four defined IPX frame types. The possible frame types are: Ether Type II (def), Ether 802.3 (Raw), Ether 802.2, or Ether SNAP (802.2 SNAP). Only one frame type can be used at one time. IPX/Seed Status Write security: 2; Read security: 5 The seed status defines what the Express L128/L128T is to do with the network information on the selected frame type during startup.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IPX/SAP Timer Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This value specifies how often the Express L128/L128T sends out IPX SAP (Service Access Protocol) packets on the network segment attached to the Ethernet port. The SAP packets sent contain information about the services (such as servers, printers, etc.) for which this Express L128/L128T is responsible. The default value is 60 seconds. 61202.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/Bridge The Bridge menu is used to set up the bridge parameters for the Express L128/ L128T. The bridging function runs at the Media Access Control (MAC) level which allows any protocol packets that run over Ethernet to be forwarded. Bridging can run concurrently with the IP and IPX routing. However, certain rules apply for when packets are bridged across a WAN connection.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure would negotiate PPP IPCP to exchange IP packets. However, if a device can only support PPP BCP, IP packets are encapsulated by the device as bridge packets. The Express L128/L128T can treat the WAN IP Bridge as a virtual Ethernet port connected only to a WAN device which has negotiated PPP BCP. This menu allows the IP parameters for this virtual Ethernet to be set up.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure WAN IPX Bridge/Network Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is the network address of the virtual Ethernet port. See IPX/Network on page 47 for an explanation of the IPX network number. WAN IPX Bridge/Frame Type Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is the frame type used for the virtual Ethernet port. See IPX/Frame Type on page 48 for an explanation of the IPX frame type.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Spanning Tree/Priority Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This assigns a priority to the Express L128/L128T that permits the relative priority of multiple bridges to be managed. The range is 0 to 65535 with a default of 32768. Spanning Tree/Maximum Age Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is the timeout value used by the Express L128/L128T to test against the root device. The value is in one-tenth seconds with a range between 60 (6.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure LAN Port/Path Cost Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is the cost of using the Ethernet port in the total cost of the path. The range is from 1 to 65535 with a default of 100 (for 10 Mbits/second). LAN Port/Priority Write security: 2; Read security: 5 The priority adjusts the relative priority of the Ethernet port among the multiple bridge ports. The range is 0 to 255 with a default of 128.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure WAN Port 1/Active Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This setup is exactly like WAN Port 0 above. WAN Port 1/Path Cost Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This setup is exactly like WAN Port 0 above. WAN Port 1/Priority Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This setup is exactly like WAN Port 0 above.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/Security The Security menu is used to set up the authentication parameters needed to authenticate PPP connection over the ISDN B-channels. Also, the filter defines are placed under this menu. Figure 3-7 shows the Security menu. Figure 3-7 Configuration/Security Screen Security/Authentication Write security: 1; Read security: 2 The method used for authenticating the PPP peer is selected here.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Security/When Write security: 1; Read security: 2 The Express L128/L128T can be configured to authenticate the PPP peer (using the above method) for incoming calls using Answer Only (def), or for outgoing and incoming calls using Originate and Answer. Security/Radius Server The parameters for the radius server are configured in this menu.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Radius Server/Retry Count Write security: 1; Read security: 2 This is the number of times the Express L128/L128T should send a request packet to the RADIUS server without a response before giving up. If the number of attempts to communicate with the primary server is equal to the retry count, the secondary server (if defined) is tried.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Security/Filter Defines The Express L128/L128T can filter packets based on certain parameters within the packet. The method used by the Express L128/L128T allows the highest flexibility for defining filters and assigning them to a Connection List profile. The filters are set up in two steps: (1) defining the packet types, and (2) adding them to a list under the Connection List profile.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Filter Defines /Pattern Filter Defines Write security: 2; Read security: 3 The pattern filter is applied to bridge packets only. That is any packet which is forwarded by the bridge functionality of the Express L128/L128T. Up to 32 pattern defines can be specified. Name Offset Pattern Mask Identifies the filter entry Offset from beginning of packet of where to start the pattern comparison 64 bits used for comparison.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Dst Port Cmpr Proto Proto Cmpr TCP Est Type of comparison that is performed = - means ports equal to not = - means port not equal to > - means port greater than < - means port less than None - means the destination port is not compared Protocol used for comparison. Range: 0 to 255.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Dest Socket Comp Type of comparison that is performed: = - means socket equal to Not = - means socket not equal to > - means socket greater than < - means socket less than None - no comparison is done on destination socket Type 8-bit value which is the IPX type Type Comp Type of comparison that is performed: = - means type equal to Not = - means type not equal to > - means type greater than < - means type less than None - no comparison is done on IPX type 6
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/Connection List The Express L128/L128T uses the Connection List to specify the profile each user or group of users are to have when connected. Each profile or item in the Connection List has many configurable parameters giving high flexibility on a per user basis. Up to 15 profiles can be defined in the Connection List. Calls cannot be originated or answered unless a Connection List profile is defined.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Connection List/Description Write security: 3; Read security: 4 The description is a text string that identifies the profile. Connection List/Active Write security: 3; Read security: 4 When set to Yes (def), this profile is used for authentication and user association of incoming calls. Setting to No is the same as deleting the item but allows the information of the profile to be saved.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure • When originating an outgoing call: - Express L128/L128T uses PPP method configured in Configuration/Security/PPP. - Authenticatee’s username is compared to profile used to dial. • Authenticating with RADIUS: - When Configuration/Security/Authentication is set to Radius, authentication is performed by the RADIUS server. - The Express L128/L128T uses the DEFAULT Connection List profile for all other parameters not supported by RADIUS attributes.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure PAP, CHAP or EAP - The connection can be authenticated using PAP, CHAP or EAP. CHAP or EAP - The connection can be authenticated using CHAP or EAP only. EAP - The connection will only allow authentication by the peer using EAP. Authentication/Tx Username Write security: 1; Read security: 3 This is the username that is used when being authenticated by the PPP peer.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Authentication/Call ID 1 Write security: 1; Read security: 3 The caller identification from the ISDN incoming call is compared to this number, starting from the right digits. Authentication/Call ID 2 Write security: 1; Read security: 3 The caller identification from the ISDN incoming call is compared to this number, starting from the right digits. Connection List/IP The IP menu contains the parameters for exchanging IP data with the PPP peer.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Route/IP/Net Write security: 3; Read security: 5 The PPP peer’s IP address or network can be set here, if known. Leaving this at 0.0.0.0 means that the Express L128/L128T will determine the PPP peer’s IP and network using the PPP IPCP. Route/Netmask Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This network mask is applied to the IP/NET address for determining the PPP peer’s network. If left as 0.0.0.0, a standard network mask is used.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IP/RIP The RIP parameters can be adjusted from their defaults under this menu. The RIP parameters for all WAN connections are set on a per-session basis. RIP/Mode Write security: 3; Read security: 5 The Express L128/L128T will perform RIP over the WAN connection when this is set to On (def). RIP/Protocol Write security: 3; Read security: 5 The Express L128/L128T can perform version 1, V1 (def), or version 2, V2, of RIP on this WAN connection.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure RIP/Retain Write security: 3; Read security: 5 When this Connection List entry is disconnected and this parameter is set to Yes, all routes learned from this WAN connection are retained and their routing interface is set to idle. This permits dial-on-demand to occur using this profile for any IP network that might have been advertised by the particular PPP peer.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IPX/Retain Write security: 3; Read security: 5 When this Connection List entry is disconnected and this parameter is set to Yes, all routes learned from this WAN connection are retained and their routing interface is set to idle. This permits dial-on-demand to occur using this profile for any IPX network or service that might have been advertised by the particular PPP peer.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Connection List/Bridge The Bridge menu contains the parameters needed for exchanging bridged packets with the PPP peer. Bridge/Mode Write security: 3; Read security: 5 When set to On (def), the Express L128/L128T will attempt to negotiate PPP BCP with the PPP peer. Bridging can be used even in route mode only if the PPP peer cannot support certain PPP protocols for that particular routing protocol.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Probe/Update Window Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This is the time the Express L128/L128T stays connected during a probe. Normally route and service tables are exchanged immediately after connection. However, some routers could wait until their regular RIP or SAP time period has been reached before they advertise their routes or services to the Express L128/L128T. The value is in seconds and ranges from 5 to 180.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Multilink/BACP Write security: 3; Read security: 5 The Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (BACP) and Bandwidth Allocation Protocol (BAP) are used to enhance Multilink PPP. Together, they allow phone numbers to be exchanged when more bandwidth is needed and member links to be dropped when bandwidth is to be decreased. When this item is set to On, BACP is negotiated with the PPP peer.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure PPP/Max Timer Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This value is the number of seconds to wait between unanswered configuration-requests. The possible values are 1 sec, 2 secs (def), 3 secs, 5 secs and 10 secs. PPP/Max Failure Write security: 3; Read security: 5 Due to the nature of PPP, configuration options may not be agreed upon between two PPP peers.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure configured for voice service. In some areas, voice service costs less than data services. A speech call type does not always guarantee an end-to-end digital connection with some local and long distance carriers. Audio - Audio directs the call control software to request a 3.1 kHz audio circuit as the bearer capability for the outgoing calls. The audio option is used with an ISDN line configured for voice service.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Dial Out/Attempts Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This value is the number of attempts the Express L128/L128T will make before giving up on the connection. This is effective for manual dialing or dynamic bandwidth calls only. The range is from 1 (def) to 255. Dial Out/Initial Channels Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This is the number of B-channels to dial-up on the initial connection. Possible choices are 1 (def) and 2.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure When bandwidth is needed for another application, the idle timer is compared to this preempt time. If the idle timer is greater, the connection is preempted. If set to 255 (def), the connection is never preempted. If set to 0, the connection is disconnected immediately when another application is requested.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Samples/Samples Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This is the number of WAN data rate samples taken before a decision to change bandwidth is performed. The range is 1 (def) to 255 samples. Samples/Time Between Changes Write security: 3; Read security: 5 This value is the minimum time between bandwidth changes for this Connection List profile. The range is 0 to 255 seconds. The default is 60 seconds.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Filters/In Exceptions Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is a list of up to 32 filter entries which can be combined using the operations field. The operations are performed in the order they appear on the list. Active - Turns this entry active when set to On. Type - Selects the filter define list to reference: MAC - from the Configuration/Security/Filter Defines/MAC Filter Defines list.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Filters/Out Exceptions Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is a list of up to 32 filter entries. The setup is exactly the same as the Filter/ In Exceptions list. Filters/Demand Dial Write security: 2; Read security: 5 The demand dial filters have two purposes: 1) cause the Express L128/L128T in Bridge mode to dial this Connection List profile, and 2) determine which traffic will cause the idle timer to be reset, keeping the connection active.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Filters/Dem Dial Exceptions Write security: 2; Read security: 5 This is a list of up to 32 filter entries. The setup is exactly the same as the Filter/ In Exceptions list. 82 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Configuration/Management The Express L128/L128T can be managed using Telnet, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), or the maintenance port. SNMP support is limited to MIB definitions. See Appendix C on page 139 for a description of the MIBs supported by the Express L128/L128T. Each of the three methods can be protected using authentication. Figure 3-9 shows the Configuration/Management menu.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Telnet/User List Up to four users can be configured for access to the Express L128/L128T. Each user can be assigned a privilege and time out. User List/Name Write security: 1; Read security: 3 A text string of the user name for this session. User List/Authen Method Write security: 1; Read security: 3 The user can be authenticated in two ways: Password - The Password field is used to authenticate the user.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Management/SNMP The Express L128/L128T is an SNMP agent. It can respond to Get-Requests and generate traps. These two lists set up the manager, communities, and levels. See Appendix C on page 139 for more information on SNMP. SNMP Access Write security: 3; Read security: 5 When set to No, SNMP access is denied. When set to On (def), the Express L128/L128T will respond to SNMP managers based on the following lists.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Traps/Manager Name Write security: 2; Read security: 4 This is the text string describing the name of the entry. It is intended for easy reference and has no bearing on the SNMP trap function. Traps/Manager IP Write security: 2; Read security: 4 This is the IP address of the manager that is to receive the traps. Management/Maint Port The Express L128/L128T has an EIA-232 connector on the back of the unit. The setup for that port is under this menu.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Maint Port/Parity Write security: 5; Read security: 5 This is the asynchronous parity that the maintenance port will run. The possible values are None (def), Odd, or Even. Maint Port/Stop Bits Write security:5; Read security:5 This is the stop bit used for the maintenance port. The possible values are 1 (def), 1.5 or 2. Configuration/Terminal Mode This is an activator which places the Express L128/L128T terminal session into a command prompt mode.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure DIAL MENU The Dial menu is used for dialing the Connection List profile setup under Configuration/Connection List and for checking the status of each Connection List. This list is in the same order as the Connection List entries. Figure 3-10 shows the Dial menu. Figure 3-10 Dial Screen Dial/Description Read security: 5 This read-only field is the name entered for the profile under Configuration/ Connection List/Description.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Dial/Hang Up Write security: 4; Read security: 5 This is an activator used for hanging up a Connection List entry. It also removes retained routes from the IP and IPX routing tables when the call is not connected. Place the cursor over the field and press Enter to activate the hang up function. Dial/Status Read security: 5 This reflects the current status of the call: No call - No call is active for this Connection List profile.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure STATUS MENU The Express L128/L128T’s Status menu contains comprehensive status and diagnostic information used in verifying configuration and identifying problems. The menus are divided into protocol types and sessions. Figure 3-11 shows the Status menu. Figure 3-11 Status Screen Status/Call Sessions This menu contains the current status of all dial-in sessions and spanning tree ports. 90 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Call Sessions/Session1 and Call Sessions/Session2 Read security: 5 The Express L128/L128T can support up to two active connections at one time. These two menus reflect the results of PPP negotiations, user name, time connected, idle timer, and data rates for the session.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Tx Link Rate - Current actual data transmission rate Rx Link Rate - Current actual data reception rate Tx Comp Ratio - Current transmission compression ratio Rx Comp Ratio - Current reception compression ratio Call Sessions/Spanning Tree Read security: 5 When Bridge mode and Spanning Tree mode are active, this reflects the current state of the LAN and WAN ports.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Status/Bridge Table Read security: 5 This lists the contents of the Express L128/L128T’s bridge table. Bridge Cache/MAC Address - Ethernet address for device learned Bridge Cache/Port - Port device learned from: LAN, WAN0, or WAN1 Bridge Cache/TTL - Seconds until address is removed from table Status/IP Routes Read security: 5 This lists the contents of the Express L128/L128T’s IP router table.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure IP Routes/Hops - Number of routers that must go through to get to destination. Ranges from 0-15 or 16 for infinite (can’t get there from here). IP Routes/TTL - Seconds until address is removed from table or “zombied.” Value of 999 means route is static. Status/IPX Routes Read security: 5 This lists the contents of the Express L128/L128T’s IPX router table.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Status/IPX Servers Read security: 5 This lists the contents of the Express L128/L128T’s IPX server table. IPX Servers/Type - The server type IPX Servers/Name - The server name IPX Servers/Network - The server network address IPX Servers /Address - The servers node address IPX Servers/Socket - The servers socket address IPX Servers/Hops - Number of routers that must go through to get to server. Ranges from 0-15 or 16 for infinite.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Status/LAN Stats Read security: 5 This menu contains statistics for the Ethernet port.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure ICMP redirected messages ICMP packet errors ICMP timeouts received ICMP messages sent ICMP messages received ICMP specif if errors IP datagrams reassembled IP datagrams sent IP datagrams received Total forwarded datagrams IP reassembly timeout Discarded routing entries Total IP fragments Failed fragments IP reassembly failures Disassembled fragments Errorfree discards Routeless discards Default TTL Bad IP addresses Successful fragments Bad header packets Sen
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure TEST MENU The Express L128/L128T’s Test menu contains built in tests that can be used to diagnose problems. Figure 3-12 shows the Test menu screen. Figure 3-12 Test Screen The following tests can be run: Test Menu/Echo Request Write security: 4, Read security: 5 When activated, the echo request test will begin sending continuous PPP echo request packets to any open LCP ports. Results are displayed on the screen. At least one PPP session must be up.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure LOGS MENU The Logs menu contain logs displaying important information about the running condition of the Express L128/L128T. The logs can be set to capture diagnostics of error conditions only by way of a log level.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure PPP Log/Active When set to Yes (def), PPP events below or equal the log level are logged into the log. PPP Log/Wrap When set to Yes (def), new PPP events will overwrite old PPP events when the log is full. All logging will stop when the log is full and set to No. PPP Log/Level In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6. The default is 3. PPP Log/View This menu displays the log list.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Call Log/Wrap When set to Yes (def), new Call events will overwrite old Call events when the log is full. All logging will stop when the log is full and set to No. Call Log/Level In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6. The default is 3. Call Log/View This menu displays the log list. The fields are as follows: Date/Time - Date and time event occurred. Level - Level associated with this event (0-6).
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Network Log/Level In order to log events, they must be at or below this level. Range is 0 to 6. The default is 3. Network Log/View This menu displays the log list. The fields are as follows: Date/Time - Date and time event occurred. Level - Level associated with this event (0-6). Message - Text message for this event. If message is too long to fit on the line, another event appears below it continuing the message.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure UTILITIES MENU The Express L128/L128T has utilities embedded in it to help manage and test the network and to facilitate software upgrades. Figure 3-14 shows the Utilities menu. Figure 3-14 Utilities Screen Utilities/Ping Write security: 4; Read security: 5 The ping menu is used to send ICMP ping messages to hosts. The following items are under this menu: Start/Stop - Activator to start and cancel a ping test.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Utilities/Telnet Client Write security: 4; Read security: 5 The Telnet menu can be used to activate the telnet client function in the Express L128/L128T. Host - IP address or domain name (if DNS is configured) of Telnet server. Activate - Starts Telnet client function. The key combination Control ] cancels the session. Utilities/Upgrade Menu Write security: 2; Read security: 3 The Express L128/L128T’s firmware can be upgraded using this menu.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure Upgrade/Start Transfer This activator is used when the configurable items in this menu are complete. Once started, the Express L128/L128T will prompt for erasing the flash. When the flash is erased and the upgrade transfer fails, do not turn off the unit. Retry the transfer until successful. Otherwise, if power is removed before upgrade has finished, the upgrade will have to occur from the maintenance port using XMODEM.
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Chapter 3: Terminal Menu Operation and Structure 106 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Chapter 4 Troubleshooting When the Express L128/L128T powers up, it performs an internal self-test. This takes about 10 seconds. At the end of the test, the PWR LED should flash. IF SELF-TEST FAILS If the PWR LED is not on or continuously flashes, the following steps will verify whether or not the problem can be fixed locally. 1. Ensure the Express L128/L128T is receiving power. 2. Power off the Express L128/L128T. Place switch 2 in the off position; then power back up.
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Chapter 4: Troubleshooting probably something wrong with the translation of the line. The phone service provider should be able to help. 3. If the PWR LED still flashes, there is a physical problem with the phone line (more than likely, a problem with the Layer 1 setup).
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Chapter 4: Troubleshooting H. With the Express L128/L128T connected to the line and powered up, talk to your service provider’s repair group and inform them that your ISDN basic rate line has a physical Layer 1 problem. Ask them to check the line. Tell them that you have an NT1-like device at the end of the line. 4.
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Chapter 4: Troubleshooting 5. If the Loop Status in the Express L128/L128T Status menu continuously reads Register SPID #1, then the Express L128/L128T is physically connected to your local telephone service provider and has established logical layer 2. The Express L128/L128T is unable to establish layer 3.
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Chapter 4: Troubleshooting 6. If the Loop Status in the Express L128/L128T Status menu continuously reads Getting TEI #2, the Express L128/L128T has completely initialized the first phone number but is unable to establish logical layer 2 for the second phone number. The problem is in one or both of the following places: • • The Express L128/L128T software setup The telephone service provider’s software setup To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure: A.
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Chapter 4: Troubleshooting To isolate the problem, perform the following procedure: A. Ensure the line is multipoint with two phone numbers. B. Ensure that the Express L128/L128T is set up with the correct SPID and LDN. For example: SPID1 SPID2 LDN 1 LDN 2 = = = = 20572270460101 20572270470101 7227046 7227047 C. Try swapping SPID1 with SPID2 and LDN1 with LDN2. Determine if the problem is with the second phone number or the quantity of phone numbers. D.
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Chapter 4: Troubleshooting IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO CONNECT CALLS See Table 4-A for corrective actions if you cannot connect calls. Table 4-A Troubleshooting Calls Condition Corrective Action The PWR LED remains on, but Most likely a problem exists in the software setup (translation) at the calls cannot be placed. CO switch, or the network setup in the Express L128. Local voice calls can be trans- The line is probably not set up to support data calls. mitted, but data calls to the same exchange cannot.
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Chapter 4: Troubleshooting 114 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Chapter 5 Specifications SPECIFICATIONS AND FEATURES This section describes the standard specifications and features incorporated in the Express L128/L128T. Network Interface RJ-45 for ISDN Basic Rate U-Interface or RJ-45 for leased 2B1Q service. Ethernet Interface (LAN) Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 10BaseT.
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Chapter 5: Specifications • • • • • • • • • • • • Supports 2 phones (27 mA loop current each) at 600 ft, 24 AWG Supports 5 phones (12 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG Supports 4 phones (15 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG Supports 3 phones (19 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG Supports 2 phones (28 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG Supports 1 phone (53 mA loop current each) at 300 ft, 24 AWG Supports 5 phones (12 mA loop current each) at 100 ft, 24 AWG Supports 4 phones (15 mA lo
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Appendix A Loop Status Messages The Express L128/L128T displays current loop status of the ISDN on the bottom center line of the terminal screen. The following messages are defined: AutoSpid Download The Express L128/L128T is performing the LUCENT SPID download feature. AutoSpid X A SPID is being attempted by ExpertISDN. X starts at 0 and counts up for each SPID format. CALL The Express L128/L128T is dialing the number. Call Connect B1 Bearer channel B1 is active with a call.
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Appendix A: Loop Status Messages Echo: Tx: X Rx: Y The current transmit and receive count for the PPP echo request test. Getting TEI #1 The Express L128/L128T’s ISDN layer 1 is up and is now getting the first TEI from the ISDN network. Getting TEI #2 The Express L128/L128T’s ISDN layer 1 is up and one TEI is obtained. It is now getting the second TEI from the ISDN network. ISDN-1 Ready The ISDN link layers 1 through 3 are up against a switch running the ISDN-1 protocol and is ready for calls.
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Appendix A: Loop Status Messages Register SPID #1 The Express L128/L128T’s ISDN layer 1 and 2 is up and is now registering SPID 2 with the ISDN network. RINGING An incoming call is ringing. B1 and B2 Bearer Channel Status Messages 56K Connected at 56K call type. 64K Connected at 64K call type. Audio Connected at audio call type. Dialing Dialing out. Holding Connection is on hold. Idle No call up. Speech Connected at speech call type. Release Call being hung up. Retriv Held call being retrieved.
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Appendix A: Loop Status Messages Routing Incoming call state in transition . Waiting Call is between states or waiting for switch. 120 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Appendix B Log Messages The Express L128/L128T Logs menu contains messages of events that occur. The definitions for some of those log messages are as follows: PPP Log Messages B-Channels bundled level 5 Both B-channels are bundled under multilink PPP going to a single PPP peer. BACP down level 5 Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol port has been dropped between Express L128/L128T and PPP peer.
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Appendix B: Log Messages Can't find user profile level 2 The Express L128/L128T could not find an appropriate user profile for an incoming call. Make sure that a profile has been entered under Configuration/ Connection List or that a default profile exists. A default profile is one which has the name DEFAULT in the description field. CCP down level 5 Compression Control Protocol port has been dropped between Express L128/L128T and PPP peer.
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Appendix B: Log Messages IPXCP down level 5 IPX Control Protocol port has been dropped between Express L128/ L128T and PPP peer. IPXCP up level 5 IPX Control Protocol port has been successfully negotiated between Express L128/L128T and PPP peer. LCP down level 5 Link Control Protocol port has been dropped between Express L128/ L128T and PPP peer. LCP up level 5 Link Control Protocol port has been successfully negotiated between Express L128/L128T and PPP peer.
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Appendix B: Log Messages No IP addr for peer level 2 The Express L128/L128T cannot continue the connection because there was no IP address received from the PPP peer or it was not set in Configuration/Connection List/IP/Route/IP/Net parameter. No more bundles avail level 3 The Express L128/L128T cannot bundle more than two Multilink sessions at one time. No Response from peer level 2 The Express L128/L128T has dialed or answered a call and no PPP negotiation packets were seen.
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Appendix B: Log Messages Peer failed PAP authen level 3 The PPP peer’s reported PAP username and/or password does not match the Express L128/L128T’s parameters. This is most likely caused by PPP peer sending incorrect username and/or password. Make sure the Configuration/ Connection List/Authentication parameters Rx Username and Rx Password are correctly entered. Also, if using RADIUS, check that the server is configured and running properly.
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Appendix B: Log Messages AutoSpid Download Started level 4 Lucent AutoSpid download feature has started. AutoSpid Failed level 2 ExpertISDN has failed trying to determine the ISDN line’s SPID format. This can occur if the telephone company is not using standard SPID formats. AutoSpid Passed level 4 ExpertISDN has finished and has determined the ISDN line’s SPID format. AutoSpid Retry level 4 ExpertISDN is attempting another SPID format.
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Appendix B: Log Messages Bandwidth drop level 4 The Express L128/L128T is dropping a B-channel call in order to reduce bandwidth. Bandwidth request level 4 The Express L128/L128T is dialing another B-channel in order to increase bandwidth. Bandwidth Restore level 4 The Express L128/L128T is re-dialing destination to restore original bandwidth after POTS call bump or unexpected call drop. Bearer Info Cap Incorrect level 2 The bearer capability received in an information element from the switch was invalid.
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Appendix B: Log Messages CallID 1 in use level 2 An outgoing call on LDN 1 was dumped because it was already busy with a call. CallID 2 in use level 2 A outgoing call on LDN 2 was dumped because it was already busy with a call. Can't answer, Call not ringing level 1 Internal error as a result of trying to answer a non-existent incoming call.
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Appendix B: Log Messages NETWORK_CONGESTION NETWORK_OUT_OF_ORDER NO_CIRCUIT_AVAILABLE NO_ROUTE NO_ROUTE_TO_DEST NO_USER_RESPONDING NON_SEL_USER_CLEAR NONEXISTENT_MSG NORMAL_CLEARING NUMBER_CHANGED OUTGOING_CALL_BARRED PRE_EMPTED PROTOCOL_ERROR REQ_CHANNEL_NOT_AVAIL RESOURCE_UNAVAIL SERVICE_NOT_AVAIL SERVICE_OPER_VIOLATED TEMPORARY_FAILURE TIMER_EXPIRY UNASSIGNED_NUMBER USER_ALERT_NO_ANS USER_BUSY WRONG_MESSAGE WRONG_MSG_FOR_STATE Conference level 5 The Express L128/L128T has conferenced the held c
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Appendix B: Log Messages Connected level 5 A call from or to was connected. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line then will be blank for incoming calls. Demand calling ‘’ level 4 A new call is being placed due to incoming packet routed to “idle” interface or bridge packet passing through demand filter. The Connection List profile used is the one with in the description field. DEST NOT ISDN level 4 The number dialed is not ISDN.
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Appendix B: Log Messages Fallback to 56K level 4 The Express L128/L128T is re-dialing the same destination at 56K call type because the 64K call type failed. FarDN= level 5 This is far-end directory number for an incoming call. Hangup level 5 A call from or to was hung up. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then will be blank for incoming calls. Hold level 5 The Express L128/L128T has placed a call on hold.
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Appendix B: Log Messages L2 #2 not up level 2 A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 2 is down trying to get second TEI. L3 not up level 2 A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 3 is down trying to register first SPID. L3 #2 not up level 2 A call attempt was stopped because ISDN layer 3 is down trying to register second SPID. LDN TOO LONG level 1 The number in either LDN 1 or LDN 2 is longer than 20 characters. NETWORK BUSY level 2 Called location was busy or network could not route call.
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Appendix B: Log Messages NOT end2end ISDN level 4 The path that the call was routed over is not ISDN from end-to-end. This is a warning and is most often seen for POTS calls. Power Up - last down cause: level 0 (displayed as level 1 after the unit is reset) This is the for the last reset. Most are caused by internal errors.
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Appendix B: Log Messages Retrieved level 5 The Express L128/L128T has retrieved a previously held call. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line, then will be blank for incoming calls. Ring level 5 An incoming call from was ringing. If no caller ID is available for the ISDN line then will be blank. SOURCE NOT ISDN level 4 The incoming calling party is not ISDN. This is a warning and is most often seen for POTS calls.
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Appendix B: Log Messages DHCP response sent level 4 A DHCP response was successfully sent to requesting device. DHCP socket failed level 1 Internal error occurred when attempting to start DHCP server. DHCP: Host not added to ARP table level 2 The DHCP server could not add requesting host to ARP table. Installing bad default route: ifnum= metric= gw= level 6 The Express L128/L128T did not install a default route because the or was zero.
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Appendix B: Log Messages telclient bad host level 2 Telnet client could not use host name or IP address set in Configuration/Utilities/Telnet Client/Host. telclient bad init level 2 Telnet client could not initialize a session. Telnet Client: Clr TCBF_BUFFER flag failed level 6 Debugging message related to Telnet client function. Telnet Client: Set TCBF_DONTBLOCK flag failed level 6 Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
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Appendix B: Log Messages TELNETD: Clr TCBF_BUFFER flag failed level 6 Debugging message related to Telnet client function. TELNETD: could not obtain peer ip level 2 Telnet server function could not get IP address of Telnet client. TELNETD: Session failed, error level 2 A Telnet server session has failed because of an error. TELNETD: Set TCBF_DONTBLOCK flag failed level 6 Debugging message related to Telnet client function.
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Appendix B: Log Messages 138 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Appendix C SNMP Understanding SNMP As Local Area Network (LAN) environments became standardized over the past ten years, multi-vendor equipment grew with competition. It became necessary to manage the various vendor equipment from a single control console. Thus, the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) emerged as the de facto standard for managing commercial Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks.
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Appendix C: SNMP Using SNMP Version 1, the network manager can issue three types of commands: • GetRequest: This command retrieves a single item or the first in a series from a network device. • GetNextRequest: This command retrieves the next item in a series from a network device. • SetRequest: This command writes information to a network device. The network device issues two types of messages: • GetResponse: This message is the response to a network manager GetRequest or GetNextRequest command.
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Appendix C: SNMP Communities The Express L128/L128T permits up to eight communities to be defined. The privilege level of each community can be set. The default community is public with read-only privileges. When the IP address is all zeros, any manager of the community can access the Express L128/L128T. Traps Up to four hosts can be set to receive traps. Each host entry requires an IP address of the manager. 61202.
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Appendix C: SNMP 142 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Appendix D Connector Pinouts Table D-A IBM/AT Style EIA-232 Interface Pin Name I/O 1 CD N/C 2 RD O Receive Data 3 TD I Transmit Data 4 DTR N/C Data Terminal Ready 5 GND N/A Signal Ground 6 DSR N/C Data Set Ready 7 RTS I Request to Send 8 CTS O Clear to Send 9 RI N/C Ring Indicator EIA-232 I = Input O = Output Description N/A = Not Applicable Carrier Detect N/C = Not Connected Table D-B RJ-45 ISDN ISDN 61202.
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Appendix D: Connector Pinouts Table D-C RJ-11 POTS PHONE Pin 3 Ring Pin 4 Tip Table D-D 10BaseT Ethernet Switch Position 10BT TO NIC TO HUB Pin 1 TX1 RX1 Pin 2 TX2 RX2 Pin 3 RX1 TX1 Pin 6 RX2 TX2 The switch position can be set for either TO NIC or TO HUB on the back panel of the Express L128/L128T. The rear panel is illustrated in Figure 1-7 on page 18. 144 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Appendix E Terminal Mode Commands The Express L128/L128T supports a command line interface. All menu options are configurable and readable from the terminal mode. Additional commands are also available. Menu Commands Every menu item in the menu structure can be accessed through the terminal mode interface. Terminal commands are as follows: top_menu sub_menu1 sub_menu2 … config_item Each config_item is entered as shown below.
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Appendix E: Terminal Mode Commands One of the following key words must be used first: info Goes directly to ConÞguration/System Info menu. isdn Goes directly to ConÞguration/WAN/ISDN menu. pots Goes directly to ConÞguration/WAN/POTS menu. ip Goes directly to ConÞguration/IP menu. ipx Goes directly to ConÞguration/IPX menu. bridge Goes directly to ConÞguration/Bridge menu. security Goes directly to ConÞguration/Security menu. connect Goes directly to ConÞguration/Connection List menu.
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Appendix E: Terminal Mode Commands Additional Commands Other commands available from the terminal mode are given below: save Saves the configuration to non-volatile RAM (flash). mac Returns the MAC address for the Express L128/L128T. version Returns the firmware version and routing stack version. reset Resets the unit. exit Leaves terminal mode and returns to menus. download Downloads complete configuration to the terminal screen for capture.
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Appendix E: Terminal Mode Commands 148 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Appendix F Frame Relay Firmware Version The L128/L128T can be used with Frame Relay if you obtain the appropriate firmware by calling ADTRAN Technical Support at the number listed in the back of this manual. Configuration/Frame Relay Figure F-01 shows the Configuration/Frame Relay menu that appears when using this firmware. The additional menu choices available with this option are described following the figure. Figure F-01 Configuration/Frame Relay Screen 61202.
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Appendix F: Frame Relay Firmware Version Frame Relay/Maintenance Protocol Write security: 3, Read security: 5 The Frame Relay maintenance protocol is used on the WAN port. The maintenance protocol is used to send link status and virtual circuit information between Frame Relay switches and other devices (such as routers) that communicate with them. Possible choices are listed below. Annex D (def) - This is an ANSI standard and is the most commonly used standard in the US.
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Appendix F: Frame Relay Firmware Version When more than one DLCI mapping is listed, the Express L128/L128T will try to match the DLCIs learned from the Frame Relay switch with the DLCI values in the map. If there is a match, the protocols specified in the map are used. However, if an active DLCI is not in the list it looks for an entry that has 0 in the DLCI field. This entry is considered the default entry to use when no match occurs.
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Appendix F: Frame Relay Firmware Version IP Map/IARP Write security: 3, Read security: 5 When this is set to Yes (def), the Express L128/L128T will send Inverse ARP packets in order to determine the IP address on the other end of the virtual circuit. If the IARP is responded to, a route is placed in the IP route table. A setting of No means that the route address is to be assigned statically using the IP Map/Far-End IP Address parameter. The Express L128/L128T will always respond to Inverse ARP requests.
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Appendix F: Frame Relay Firmware Version IP Map/RIP Method Write security: 3, Read security: 5 The way the RIP protocol sends out its advertisements is specified here: None - All routes in the router table are advertised out this virtual circuit with no modification of the metrics. Split Horizon (def) - Only routes not learned from this particular virtual circuit are advertised. Poison Reverse - All routes are advertised, but the routes learned from this port are “poisoned” with an infinite metric.
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Appendix F: Frame Relay Firmware Version IPX Map/IARP Write security: 3, Read security: 5 When this is set to Yes (def), the Express L128/L128T will send Inverse ARP packets to determine the IPX network on the other end of the virtual circuit. If the IARP is responded to, a route is placed in the IPX route table. A setting of No means that the IPX network is to be assigned to the link statically using the IPX Map/Link Network parameter. The Express L128/L128T will always respond to Inverse ARP requests.
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Appendix F: Frame Relay Firmware Version DLCI Mapping/Filters The Express L128/L128T can block packets in and out of a PVC port by use of the filters. They are set up in two steps: 1) define the types of packets that would be of interest in the Configuration/Security/Filter Defines menu, and 2) set up the filter type and combination of defines that will cause a packet block.
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Appendix F: Frame Relay Firmware Version Next Oper - The next operation to use to combine with the next filter in the list: END - the last filter to combination. AND - logically AND this filter with the next filter in the list. OR - logically OR this filter with the next filter in the list. Filters/Out to PVC Write security: 2; Read security: 5 The packets which transmit out this PVC from the Express L128/L128T can be filtered in three ways: Disabled (def) - Turns off packet output filtering.
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Appendix F: Frame Relay Firmware Version Status/Sessions Figure F-02 shows the Status/Sessions menu that appears when using the Frame Relay firmware. The additional menu choices available with this option are described following the figure. Figure F-02 Status/Sessions Screen (with Frame Relay) Sessions/PPP Session Read security: 5 This menu reflects the results of PPP negotiations, user name, time connected, and data rates for the session.
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Appendix F: Frame Relay Firmware Version IPXCP - Shows UP if PPP IPX Control Protocol has negotiated successfully User - Displays the user name of the PPP peer Number(s) - Shows the phone number dialed if outgoing call or caller ID if incoming call. Connect Time - Shows the date and time when the call last connected. Up Time - Displays how long the call has been connected.
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Appendix F: Frame Relay Firmware Version Rx Frames - Number of Frame Relay packets that have been received via this DLCI. Tx Bytes - Number of Frame Relay bytes that have been transmitted via this DLCI. Rx Bytes - Number of Frame Relay bytes that have been received via this DLCI. IP SubIfc - The IP router port assigned for this DLCI. Possible ports are fr0, fr1, … , fr9. None means that this DLCI not used for routing IP. IPX SubIfc - The IPX router port assigned for this DLCI.
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Appendix F: Frame Relay Firmware Version 160 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Glossary 10Base2 IEEE 802.3 specification, similar to Ethernet, using thin coaxial cable that runs at 10 Mbps, with a maximum distance of 185 meters per segment. Also known as Thin Ethernet or Thinwire Ethernet. 10BaseT IEEE 802.3 specification, using unshielded twisted-pair cabling and running at 10 Mbps. AEP AppleTalk Echo Protocol. Allows a node on an AppleTalk network to send a packet to another node and in return, receive an echoed copy of the packet.
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Glossary central office (CO) In telephony, the phone company switching facility or center, usually a Class 5 end office, at which subscribers local loops terminate. Handles a specific geographic area, identified by the first three digits of the local telephone number. Usually the facilities of the local BOC. CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detect. A channel access mechanism where devices check the channel for a carrier before transmitting.
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Glosssary hop count A routing metric used to measure the distance between a source and a destination. Particularly used by RIP. hub IEEE (1) Communications center, (2) Major routing station for connecting channels, (3) DDS connecting center. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Professional organization that defines network standards. IEEE LAN standards are the predominant LAN standards today and include protocols similar or virtually equivalent to Ethernet and Token Ring. IEEE 802.
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Glossary interworking Communication between two types of networks or end equipment. This may or may not involve a difference in signalling or protocol elements supported. Internet Protocol A TCP/IP protocol describing software that tracks the Internet address of nodes, routes outgoing message, and recognizes incoming messages. Used in gateways to connect networks at OSI network Level 3 and above. IPX ISDN jabber jitter LATA Internetwork Packet Exchange.
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Glosssary message The Layer 3 information that is passed between the CPE and SPCS for signalling. multipoint line A communications line having multiple cable access points.
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Glossary point-to-point protocol (PPP) An implementation of TCP/IP which is intended for transmission using telephone lines. PPP provides router-to-router and host-to-network connections over both synchronous and asynchronous circuits. poison routes Routes which have an infinite metric which to other routers means the network for the route is inaccessible. PRA RIP router Primary Rate Access. Connects high-capacity CPE, such as PBXs, to the network.
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Glosssary serving area Region surrounding a broadcasting station where signal strength is at or above a stated minimum. The geographic area handled by a telephone central office facility. Generally equivalent to a LATA. SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP provides a means to monitor and set network configuration and runtime parameters. spanning tree A loop-free subset of the topology of a network. SPCS Stored Program Controlled Switch.
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Glossary Telnet TCP/IP The TCP/IP standard protocol for remote terminal connection service. Telnet allows a user at one site to interact with a remote timesharing system at another site as if the user's terminal were connected directly to the remote machine. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A set of protocols developed by the Department of Defense to link dissimilar computers across many kinds of networks.
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Glosssary U-interface A twisted pair subscriber loop that connects the NT1 reference point to the ISDN network, as defined in the I.411 Recommendation. This interface provides Basic Rate Access with an operating frequency of 160 kbps and an information rate of 144 kbps. Under U.S. regulations, this also marks the line of demarcation between customer-owned equipment and the public network. ZIP Zone Information Protocol.
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Glossary 170 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Acronyms AEP ................... AppleTalk Echo Protocol AMI................... Alternate Mark Inversion ARP ................... Address Resolution Protocol B (Channel) .... A 64 kbps digital information channel BCP ................... Bridge Control Protocol BONDING ...... Bandwidth On Demand Interoperability Group BOOTP ............. Bootstrap Protocol BPDU................ Bridging Protocol Data Unit bps..................... Bits per second Bps .................... Bytes per second BRI ...................
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Acronyms ISDN..................Integrated Services Digital Network ISO .....................International Standardization Organization ISP......................Internet Service Provider kbps ...................Kilobits per second kHz ....................Kilohertz LAN ...................Local Area Network LCP ....................Link Control Protocol LDN ...................Local Directory Number MAC ..................Media Access Control MIB ....................Management Information Base MP................
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Index Numerics authentication/Tx password 66 authentication/Tx username 66 autospid 37 10-base-T interface 144 56K 76 64K 76 B A address table 55 address table/aging 55 address table/forward policy 55 agent 139, 140 applications multiple users to ISP using NAT 10 single user to corporate LAN 8 single user to ISP using NAT 9 SOHO to corporate LAN 11 area code 37 ARP cache 92 AT&T 5ESS 37 audio 76 authentication 56, 64 with Express L128/L128T as authenticatee 65 with Express L128/L128T as authenticator 64
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Index bridge/WAN IPX bridge 51 bridging 13 concurrent routing and bridging 15 demand 12 C call log 100 call log messages 125 call log/active 100 call log/clear 101 call log/level 101 call log/view 101 call log/wrap 101 call sessions 90 call sessions/session1 and session2 91 call sessions/spanning tree 92 call type 75 call waiting 23 caller ID 66 channel rate 38 CHAP 58, 66 clock mode 38 command line interface 145 command prompt mode 87 commands 147 communities 141 communities/manager IP 85 communities/nam
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Index dial line 36 dial line/area code 37 dial line/ExpertISDN 36 dial line/LDN 1 or 2 38 dial line/SPID 1 37 dial line/switch protocol 37 dial menu 27, 88 dial out 75 dial out/attempts 77 dial out/call type 75 dial out/connection timeout 76 dial out/delay 76 dial out/initial channels 77 dial out/number 1 75 dial out/number 2 75 dial out/redial at 56K 76 dial self 98 dial/channels 89 dial/description 88 dial/dial 88 dial/hang up 89 dial/number 1 89 dial/number 2 89 dial/status 89 display 116 DLCI mapping 1
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Index frame relay/DLCI mapping 150 frame relay/maintenance protocol 150 frame relay/polling frequency 150 frame type 48 front panel 16 G GetNextRequest 140 H hang up 14 hang-up 13 hello time 53 I idle timeout 13 IETF 19 if the Express L128/L128T does not read ready 107 if you are unable to connect calls 113 indicators LAN 16 test 17 WAN 17 installation 21 interface Ethernet 115 network 115 POTS (dual) 115 internet connecting to 19 internet access using NAT 2 internet service provider connecting 2 intero
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Index IPX/RIP timer 48 IPX/SAP timer 49 IPX/seed status 48 IPX/triggered 70 IPX/type 20 packets 71 ISDN connection 18 network connection 21 ordering 19 overview 7 setting up the line 1 ISDN line selecting mode 36 ISDN/dial line 36 ISDN/FEBEs 39 ISDN/leased line 38 ISDN/NEBEs 38 ISP 19 L LAN bridge 11 LAN connection 21 LAN indicators 16 LAN port 53 LAN port/active 53 LAN port/path cost 54 LAN port/priority 54 LAN stats 96 LDN 38 leased line 38 leased line/channel rate 38 leased line/clock mode 38 LEDs 17 l
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Index internet access using 2 network connection ISDN 21 network device GetResponse 140 network interface 115 network log 101 network log messages 134 network log/active 101 network log/clear 102 network log/level 102 network log/view 102 network log/wrap 101 network manager 139 GetRequest 140 none 43 Novell 15 IPX protocol 5 power requirements 116 PPP 19, 58, 73 PPP log 99 PPP log messages 121 PPP log/active 100 PPP log/clear 100 PPP log/level 100 PPP log/view 100 PPP log/wrap 100 PPP peer 44 PPP/compres
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Index RIP 12, 15, 42, 69 RIP timer 48 RIP/direction 43, 69 RIP/method 43, 69 RIP/mode 42, 69 RIP/protocol 42, 69 RIP/retain 70 RIP/triggered 69 RIP/V2 secret 43 RJ-11 interface 144 RJ-45 interface 143 route/force IP 68 route/hops 68 route/IP/net 68 route/netmask 68 route/private 68 route/static route 68 routing concurrent routing and bridging 15 demand 12 IP 14 IPX 15 multiprotocol 3 over PPP bridging 15 Rx only 43 S samples/sample rate 78 samples/samples 79 samples/time between changes 79 SAP 12, 15 SAP
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Index status/bridge table 93 status/call sessions 90 status/IP routes 93 status/IP stats 96 status/IPX routes 94 status/IPX servers 95 status/LAN stats 96 status/sessions 157 status/sessions screen 157 status/WAN stats 95 stop bits 87 subnet mask 40 supplementary services 22 switch compatibility 115 switch position 144 switch protocol 37 system contact 35 system info menu 34 system location 34 system mame 34 system uptime 35 T telephone connection 22 Telnet 20, 83 Telnet client 104 Telnet/server access 83
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Index user list/password 84 using keyboard to navigate menu 31 utilities menu 29, 103 utilities/exit 105 utilities/ping 103 utilities/Telnet client 104 utilities/upgrade menu 104 V VJ compression 74 W WAN indicators 17 WAN IP bridge 50 WAN IP bridge proxy ARP 51 WAN IP bridge/netmask 51 WAN IP bridge/network 51 WAN IP bridge/triggered 51 WAN IPX bridge 51 WAN IPX bridge/frame type 52 WAN IPX bridge/network 52 WAN IPX bridge/seed status 52 WAN IPX bridge/triggered 52 WAN menu 36 WAN port 54 WAN port 0/act
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Index 182 Express L128/L128T User Manual 61202.
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Product Support Information Presales Inquiries and Applications Support Please contact your local distributor, ADTRAN Applications Engineering, or ADTRAN Sales: Applications Engineering (800) 615-1176 Sales (800) 827-0807 Post-Sale Support Please contact your local distributor first. If your local distributor cannot help, please contact ADTRAN Technical Support and have the unit serial number available.