® TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual, 2001 61280004L2-1C
61280004L2-1C TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual, 2001
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFACE STATEMENT This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for an intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause interference to radio communications. The limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential situation.
61280004L2-1C Radio Frequency Interference Statement • • • • • • • The installed antenna must not be located in a manner that allows exposure of the general population to the direct beam path of the antenna at a distance less than 15 feet (4.6 meters). Installation on towers, masts, or rooftops not accessible to the general population is recommended; or Mount the antenna in a manner that prevents any personnel from entering the area within 15 feet (4.6 meters) from the front of the antenna.
61280004L2-1C Table of Contents Page Section 1. Tracer Description Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 Applications .................................................................................................................................... 1 Spread Spectrum .............................................................................................................................
1280004L2-1C Table of Contents E1 Interfaces ..................................................................................................................... 13 Link Planning ............................................................................................................................... 14 Antenna Feedline Loss ..................................................................................................... 15 Antenna Gain ..........................................................
61280004L2-1C Table of Contents Main Menu Screen...................................................................................................... 27 E1 Status / Configuration / Loopback Screen ............................................................ 28 Link Performance History .......................................................................................... 29 E1A Statistics Page .....................................................................................................
61280004L2-1C Table of Contents Carrier Sync Status or E1 Mux Sync Status ............................................................... 41 RFC Link Up Status ................................................................................................... 42 ES Values in E1A or E1B Performance History Menu .............................................. 42 SES Values in E1A or E1B Performance History Menu............................................ 43 Section 5. Specifications Transmitter .............
61280004L2-1C Table of Contents Illustrations Figure 1-1. Typical Application .................................................................................................. 1 Figure 1-2. Bandwidth Division ................................................................................................. 2 Figure 1-3. BBP .......................................................................................................................... 3 Figure 1-4. BBP Rear Panel .........................
61280004L2-1C Table of Contents viii TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual
SECTION 1 TRACER DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION The Dual E1 version of TRACER provides two, individual E1 transports via a 2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz, direct sequence, spread spectrum microwave link. The transmitter output power is 20 dBm maximum while the receiver sensitivity is -89 dBm @ 2.4 GHz and -87 dBm @ 5.8 GHz. System performance is determined, in part, by the engineering of the microwave link. Each TRACER radio is comprised of two components – the baseband processor and the radio frequency converter (RFC).
61280004L2-1C Section 1 TRACER Description Direct Sequence A direct sequence transmitter spreads the signal by mixing the data with the output of a pseudorandom number generator which changes state at a rate higher than the data rate. This rate is called the “chipping” rate. The TRACER chipping rate is twelve times the data rate. Coding Many different pseudorandom sequences exist.
61280004L2-1C Section 1 TRACER Description E1 Interfaces The E1 interfaces conform to the ITU G.703 and G.704 electrical and signaling interface recommendations. Two interfacing configurations are allowed - two pair of BNC coaxial connectors or two 15-pin sub-D connectors and RJ48 connectors. The coaxial connection provides a 75Ω unbalanced connection. The shield of the TX coaxial connection is attached to earth ground.
61280004L2-1C Section 1 TRACER Description A block diagram of the BBP is shown in Figure 1-5. RS-232 E1 A E1 E1 B E1 Baseband Processor Board µC UART Data Multiplexer Fc = 140 MHz IF Filter Spread Spectrum Data Pump Viterbi Encoder/ Decoder Σ DSP 90 Fc = 70 MHz 90 IF Interface Board 21-56 VDC Figure 1-5. BBP Block Diagram VT100 RS-232 Interface An RS-232 interface is provided via a 25-pin D connector for attaching a VT100 compatible terminal.
61280004L2-1C Section 1 TRACER Description • • • • • • Loss of signal Code violation CRC error Framing error Remote alarm UA1 A seven-day error history of the E1 interfaces and radio link is also provided. Fifteen-minute histories are provided for the most recent 24 hours of operation. The status of the microwave link can also be monitored from the management system. The transmitter power setting as well as an indication of the received microwave signal level are provided.
61280004L2-1C Section 1 TRACER Description E1A E1B ALM TRACER SYSTEM FREQ ALM TEST LBK LBK PLAN A RF LOW POWER CV/CRC LOS/OOF CV/CRC LOS/OOF PLAN B LINK DOWN Figure 1-6.
61280004L2-1C Section 1 TRACER Description The LEDs that indicate error conditions in the spread spectrum data pump and RFC are listed below. All of these LEDs are visible through the front panel. Any one of these LEDs indicates an error condition that precludes system operation. Link Down .............. Red if the RF link is not operational. E1 interfaces will transmit UA1 on the affected E1 to indicate an error. RF Low ................... Red if the received RF carrier level is below -80 dBm.
61280004L2-1C Section 1 TRACER Description Built-In Tests The TRACER has several features to aid in site setup and later debugging. These diagnostics include E1 loopbacks and a link test with BERT (Bit Error Rate Test) data. A link test is performed by pressing the test button. The remote unit will then send a pseudorandom data pattern, and the local end will compute a BER. After the conclusion of the test, the remote end will automatically be instructed to terminate the pattern generation.
61280004L2-1C Section 1 TRACER Description Three SMA connectors, located on the RFC module, provide RF and IF connection points. A test point is provided for monitoring the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The voltage (relative to the GND test point) present on this test point represents the level of the received signal. This signal is used to align the antenna when installing the system and to verify the link is performing as designed.
61280004L2-1C Section 1 TRACER Description Holes for Mounting Bracket Mounting Clearances Housing Assembly and Guide WARNING Eye Level View Up Angle View Figure 1-11. Mastmount RFC Housing Antenna Selection TRACER is intended to be coupled with an antenna that is directional (thus providing signal gain). There are several reasons for this requirement: • TRACER operates in point-to-point applications so omnidirectional antennas cannot be used.
I 61280004L2-1C 2 Installation SECTIONSection 2 NSTALLATION UNPACK, INSPECT Carefully inspect the TRACER for any shipping damages. If damage is suspected, file a claim immediately with the carrier then contact ADTRAN Customer Service. If possible, keep the original shipping container for use in shipping the TRACER back for repair or for verification of damage during shipment. Before beginning installation, verify that all of the following components are present.
61280004L2-1C Section 2 Installation Grounding The following grounding instructions are derived from the Underwriters’ Laboratory UL 1459 Standard for Safety: Telephone Equipment dated September 20, 1993. An equipment grounding conductor that is no smaller in size than the ungrounded branch-circuit supply conductors is to be installed as part of the circuit that supplies the product or system. Bare, covered, or insulated grounding conductors are acceptable.
61280004L2-1C Section 2 Installation E1 Interfaces The E1 interface conforms to the ITU G.703 and G.704 electrical and signaling interfaces recommendations. Two interfacing configurations are available: • 75Ω unbalanced BNC coaxial connectors. • 120Ω balanced 15 pin / RJ48 connectors with the pinouts shown here. 15 Pin Pin Function 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 E1 Out ring Frame ground E1 In ring Frame ground N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C. E1 Out tip N.C. E1 In tip N.C. N.C. N.C. N.C.
61280004L2-1C Section 2 Installation Three loopback functions are provided for diagnostic capability of each E1 interface. The local line loopback (Loop 1 as illustrated in Figure 2-1) loops the incoming E1 signal back out at the E1 framer. The remote link loopback (Loop 3 as illustrated in Figure 2-1) loops the E1 data back to the local end from the remote end. This allows a BERT to be run across the microwave link and back.
61280004L2-1C Section 2 Installation Antenna Feedline Loss Feedline loss is a function of feedline type and length. Feedline loss per 30.48 meters (100 feet) for several types of coax at IF and RF frequencies is detailed in the table below. The IF loss applies to BBP/ RFC interconnection, and the RF loss applies to RFC/antenna interconnection. Cable manufacturers’ specifications may vary. IF Loss/100 feet 2.4 GHz RF Loss/100 feet 5.7 GHz RF Loss/100 feet Cable (in dB) (in dB) (in dB) RG58 ................
61280004L2-1C Section 2 Installation Path Loss The free space path loss is given by Loss(dB) = 96.6 + 20 log10 f + 20log10D * 1.609344 where D is distance in kilometers f is operating frequency in GHz A tabulation of various path loss is given below. 2.4 GHz Link Distance Path Loss (in miles) (in dB) 1 ................. 104 2 ................. 110 3 ................. 114 4 ................. 116 5 ................. 118 6 ................. 120 7 ................. 121 8 ................. 122 9 ..............
61280004L2-1C Section 2 Installation The nominal received signal level is -60 dBm. For help in link planning, use the path loss calculation worksheet below. + + + + = 89 dBm / -87 dBm _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ Minimum Signal Power for 2.4 GHz / 5.
61280004L2-1C Section 2 Installation SETTING THE RFC FREQUENCY PLAN ON NON 1 WATT 2.4 GHZ MODELS The frequency plan designates on which frequencies the TRACER transmits and receives. Plan A corresponds to a transmitting (Tx) center frequency of 2422 MHz and a receive (Rx) center frequency of 2462 MHz. Plan B corresponds to a Tx center frequency of 2462 MHz and a Rx center frequency of 2422 MHz. Shipment of a link consists of one RFC set to Plan A and the other set to Plan B unless specified otherwise.
61280004L2-1C Section 2 Installation 9. Reattach the cable assemblies from the ports labelled “Tx” and “Rx” on the RFC and the ports labelled “J1” and “J2” on the diplexer. Cable connections should be aligned to each other as follows. Plan A Plan B RF converter Tx connected to RF converter Tx connected to Diplexer Port J1 Diplexer Port J2 RF converter Rx connected to Diplexer Port J2 RF converter Rx connected to Diplexer Port J1 10. Replace and secure the RFC cover.
61280004L2-1C Section 2 Installation SETTING THE RFC FREQUENCY PLAN ON 5.8 GHZ MODELS The 5.8 GHz RFC operates on Plan A, Tx = 5747 MHz center frequency, Rx = 5827 MHz center frequency or Plan B, Tx = 5827 MHz center frequency, Rx = 5747 MHz center frequency. See Figure 2-3 for an illustration of the 5.8 GHz diplexer.
61280004L2-1C Section 2 Installation CONNECTING THE BBP AND THE RFC The BBP and the RFC are connected by an IF cable, either supplied by ADTRAN (for rackmount assembly) or by the customer (for mastmount assembly). This single connection provides everything the RFC requires. The cable assembly attaches to the ports labeled “IF” on the BBP and the RFC.
61280004L2-1C Section 2 Installation CO-LOCATING MULTIPLE SYSTEMS When multiple transmitters are to be co-located (installed in the same equipment room or on the same tower), it is advised to set all systems as follows: 1. 2. 3. If more than one system in the same frequency band is transmitting from the same location, set the antenna polarity of one system horizontal and the other system(s) vertical. (The antennas should be marked as to which mounting position is vertical or horizontal.
61280004L2-1C Section 2 Installation REMOTE BERT The TRACER includes a Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT) to verify that the installed system is operating correctly. When the “Remote Test” button is pushed on the local BBP, the remote end will send a BERT pattern for approximately ten seconds. The “Remote TST” indicator will turn yellow and remain on for the duration of the test. If no bit errors are detected, the “Remote TST” indicator will turn off.
61280004L2-1C Section 2 Installation 24 TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual
SECTION 3 OPERATION VT100 USER INTERFACE The TRACER may be accessed with a VT100 compatible terminal set to 9600 bits per second, 8 data bits, and no parity, connected to the RS-232 port on the back of the unit. Once a terminal is connected, pressing the “Ctrl” and “L” keys will redraw the current screen. If password access has been enabled, then press “Enter” or “Return” in order to see the “Enter Password:” message. TRACER is shipped with password protection disabled.
61280004L2-1C Section 3 Operation MAIN MENU SELECTIONS System Status Screen The screen in Figure 3-1 displays the status of major system components. This is a status screen only; no configurations can be performed. More detailed information can be obtained by way of the Main Menu (Figure 3-2).
61280004L2-1C Section 3 Operation Main Menu Screen Pressing “M” on any screen will take the user to the Main Menu (see Figure 3-2), from which the subsequent screens can be accessed.
61280004L2-1C Section 3 Operation E1 Status / Configuration / Loopback The status of the two E1 interfaces is displayed on this screen. Information such as alarm status, signaling, line coding, and CRC4 Detection framing type are shown. From this screen the E1 can be configured for a particular application by using the keyboard cursor keys to highlight the desired option and perform the change. A local or remote loopback may be activated or deactivated from this screen.
61280004L2-1C Section 3 Operation Link Performance History The screen in Figure 3-6 presents detailed error statistics for the RF link. The data is presented as RFC (Radio Frequency Converter) and LNK (RF Link) representing seconds out of service for each. RFC represents the communications channel between the BBP and RFC via the IF interconnect cable. LNK represents errored seconds received on the wireless link and is generally an indication of path or interference problems.
61280004L2-1C Section 3 Operation E1A Statistics Page The screen in Figure 3-7 presents detailed error statistics for E1A. The data is presented as Errored Seconds and Severely Errored Seconds. Error History for the most recent 24 hours is recorded in 15-minute increments, and 24-hour totals are recorded for the most recent 7 days. To view the next eight hours (32 15-minute intervals) of performance history, press “N”. To view the previous eight hours, press “P”.
61280004L2-1C T 4 Troubleshooting SECTION 4 Section ROUBLESHOOTING GENERAL If you experience a problem with the TRACER system, check to ensure that all connectors, coaxial cables, antennas, and E1s are all properly connected; and that the system configuration ensures proper transmit and receive levels for the RF equipment. Then, if the problem persists, follow the actions recommended in this section. For further assistance, call ADTRAN Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716.
61280004L2-1C Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716. Recommended Actions: 1. 2. 3. Check the RX power using the VT100 user interface or RSSI voltage. Check the far-end transmitter for operation and proper transmit power. Check the RF path using a spectrum analyzer or RSSI voltages for proper alignment. Have path professionally re-aligned and check system path engineering. 4.
61280004L2-1C Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716. “LBK-A” or “LBK-B” is Lit This indicator will activate when a software or front panel command E1 loopback has been established. Possible Cause • • Recommended Action (see list below) A loopback has been commanded from the VT100 user interface. ......... 1,2 The “LBK-A” or “LBK-B” button has been pressed. .........................
61280004L2-1C Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716. ALM is Lit When the ALM light is on (solid), it indicates reception of an UA1 signal at the E1 interface. If the “ALM” is blinking, it indicates an RRA alarm has been received. Possible Cause • • Recommended Action (see list below) TRACER has received an unframed all 1s signal from the E1 input…......
61280004L2-1C Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716. “Test” Light is Lit or Blinking The test alarm will remain on (solid) during power-up, indicating a self-test is in progress. The light will flash or remain on (solid) if the self-test fails. Possible Cause Recommended Action (see list below) • • • • • One-flash interval indicates a RAM test failure. ............................
61280004L2-1C Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716. “Fail” Light is Lit After Pressing “Remote Test” Button The Remote Fail light will activate after a Remote Test has failed. Possible Cause • • Recommended Action (see list below) The 10-second BERT has failed over the RF link to the far-end. .................. 1 The RX power may be below the specified receiver sensitivity .......
61280004L2-1C Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716. Troubleshooting Using the VT100 User Interface This section provides information for troubleshooting the Alarm Menu on the VT100 user interface. The conditions present in the Alarm Menu are software indications and should match the front panel LED indications.
61280004L2-1C Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716. OOF Alarm The OOF alarm is indicated on the E1A or E1B Status/Configuration/Loopback page. Possible Cause • • Recommended Action (see list below) The E1 signal has lost framing sync ............................................................ 1 The line codes between the E1 equipment and the TRACER are incompatible. .............
61280004L2-1C Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716. Recommended Actions: 1. 2. 3. Check the far-end equipment for alarms or a LOS condition. Check the E1 connections at the far-end equipment. Reset the far-end equipment. UA1 Alarm This alarm is indicated on the E1A or E1B Status/Configuration/Loopback page.
61280004L2-1C Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716. Code Sync Status The Code Sync Status will indicate NO on the TRACER System Status page when the link is down or not operational. The Code Sync Status will indicate NO when data synchronization has not been achieved between each end of the RF link.
61280004L2-1C Section 4 Troubleshooting IMPORTANT If problems persist after you have followed the Recommended Actions, contact ADTRAN Technical Support at (011) 256-963-8716. Carrier Sync Status or E1 Mux Sync Status The Carrier Sync status will indicate NO on the TRACER System Status page when frequency synchronization has not been achieved between each end of the the RF Link.
61280004L2-1C Section 4 Troubleshooting RFC Link Up Status The RF Link Up Status will indicate NO on the TRACER System Status page when communication between the BBP and RFC has failed. Possible Cause • • • • • Recommended Action (see list below) Failure of the IF cable. .................................................................................... 1 Fuse blown in BBP. ........................................................................................ 2 Loose cable connections in the RFC. ..
61280004L2-1C Section 4 Troubleshooting SES Values in E1A or E1B Performance History Menu This value indicates the number of Severely Errored Seconds in the E1 data stream. Possible Cause • • When CRC is enabled, a severely errored second is listed when more than 805 CRCs occur within that second. When CRC is disabled, an errored second is listed when more than 850 CVs occur within that second. Recommended Actions: 1. Check the E1 signal with a BERT test set to determine origin of error.
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SECTION 5 SPECIFICATIONS This section lists the specifications for the TRACER system. Transmitter Output Power 100 mW Transmitter ...................... +20 dBm, maximum 1 W Transmitter ............................. +30 dBm, maximum (Factory preset to +27 dBm) Frequency Range .................................. 5725 to 5850 MHz or 2400 to 2483.5 MHz Channel Bandwidth .............................. 62 MHz (5.8 GHz) or 40 MHz (2.4 GHz), (two channels) IF .....................................................
61280004L2-1C Section 5 Specifications Test Points ............................................ RSSI, QPSK Constellation VT100 Terminal ................................... Menu-Driven User Interface, Control of the Remote End, Password Protected (Optional), Event History VT100 Terminal Interface Data Rate ................................................ 9600 bps Data Bits ................................................. 8 Parity ...................................................... None Stop Bits .....
SECTION 6 WARRANTY, ORDERING AND RETURN WARRANTY ADTRAN will replace or repair this product within five years from the date of shipment if it does not meet its published specifications or fails due to defects in materials and workmanship. For detailed warranty, repair, and return information, refer to the ADTRAN Equipment Warranty, Repair, and Return Policy and Procedure (P/N 60000116-10) located on the ADTRAN web site at http://www.adtran.com.
61280004L2-1C Section 6 Warranty, Ordering and Return Information 48 TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual
GLOSSARY ACRONYMS USED IN THIS MANUAL AMI ........................................................ Alternate Mark Inversion BER ........................................................ Bit Error Rate BBP ........................................................ Baseband Processor CRC ........................................................ Cyclic Redundancy Check DCE ........................................................ Data Communications Equipment DTE ....................................................
61280004L2-1C Glossary 50 TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual
APPENDIX A CABLE CONNECTIONS The cable connections required for various configurations are detailed below. Terminal Connection (DB-25) Tracer (DCE) Number Name Terminal (DTE) Number Name 2 .............. TXD 3 .............. RXD 4 .............. RTS 5 .............. CTS 6 .............. DSR 7 ............ Ground 2 ............. TXD 3 ............. RXD 4 .............. RTS 5 .............. CTS 6 ............. DSR 7 ...........
61280004L2-1C Appendix A Cable Connections TRACER 2 x E1 User’s Manual A-2
