Aerosoft – Digital Aviation AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-1 Revision Info 5 26-Jul-2017 CRJ-700 CRJ-900 Rev # Date Author Change Version 001 11-Oct-15 IV Start of documentation 0.90 002 31-Dec-16 MK Updating to new software 0.92 003 20- Apr-17 MK Finalizing 1.00 004 01-May-17 MK Updating to latest files 1.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-2 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS AUXILLIARY POWER UNIT ..................................................................................................................... 5 AURAL/VISUAL INDICATING & RECORDING .......................................................................................... 6 EICAS CONTROL PANEL ...............................................................................................
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-3 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................................... 42 FIRE PROTECTION ............................................................................................................................... 43 ENGINE FIRE CONTROLS & MESSAGES ......................................................................................
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-4 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 LIGHTING ............................................................................................................................................ 87 COCKPIT LIGHTING .......................................................................................................................... 87 PASSENGER COMPARTMENT LIGHTING..............................................................................
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-5 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 AUXILLIARY POWER UNIT The CRJ700 and CRJ900 are both equipped with an Allied Signal RE 220 (RJ) auxiliary power unit (APU). The APU is technically a gas-turbine and it is used to provide electrical power and even more important compressed air. The APU is basically comprised of three stages: a compressor followed by a combustion chamber and a turbine.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-6 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 AURAL/VISUAL INDICATING & RECORDING All aircraft systems do have sensors to detect abnormal settings or behaviour. All systems – including the engines – report this information to two central processing units: the data concentrator units (1 & 2). The interface to the pilots is the engine indication and crew alerting system (EICAS).
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-7 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 The EICAS status page displays the following information: 1. Flight control trim indications 2. Auxiliary power unit (APU) indications such as APU RPM, exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and APU inlet door status 3. Pressurization data such as cabin altitude, cabin rate of change, cabin pressure differential, and landing field elevation 4. Oxygen system pressure 5.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-8 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 DISPLAY REVERSION In case EICAS display ED1 fails, ED2 will automatically switch to primary page. In case EICAS display ED2 fails, there is no automatic switch. With either display failed, the EICAS control panel is rendered inoperative. Please switch the EICAS selector on the SOURCE SELECTOR PANEL to the operative display (ED1 or ED2).
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-9 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 AURAL WARNINGS / AUDIO SIGNALS The following table shows the available aural warnings / audio signals.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-10 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 MASTER CAUTION LIGHT Positioned right next to the master warning light is the master caution light. It works the same way the master warning light does. In the following two cases the master caution may not be muted: • • GPWS and TCAS voice alerts Altitude alert (C-chord) aural CREW ALERTING SYSTEM (CAS) All warning / caution messages are sorted by priority / urgency and order of occurrence.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-11 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 To reduce information during flight phases with high stress level, the DCUs filter information: Inhibit Inhibit is enabled when: Inhibit is removed when: Initial take-off • Left and right engine N1 is greater than 79%, • Left and right engine N1 is less than 67.6%, or • weight-on-wheels, and airspeed is less than 100 knots.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-12 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 In a similar fashion the cautions are inhibited as well.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-13 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 TAKE-OFF WARNING A lot of aircraft do have take-off configuration warning. The actuals aircraft is checked according a pre-defined logic and in case a deviation is recognized, the crew is informed. The CRJ does this automatically as soon as the engines are accelerated beyond 70% N 1.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-14 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 LANDING CONFIG WARNI NG Like the take-off configuration the landing configuration is automatically checked, too. A deviation will be indicated by the landing gear horn.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-15 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 MENU PAGE The MENU page is divided into three sections: menu section, confirmation section and parameter readout. A cursor on the left side of the screen is controlled by the UP/DN buttons on the EICAS control panel (ECP). The SELECT button on the ECP is used to select a line item. The menu list contains a single FUEL USED RESET line.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-16 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 deflections / trim adjustment to archive the commanded flight path. The flight control computers, FCCs, calculation are based on data from the inertial reference system and air data computers. Further input sources are selections made on the flight control panel, flight management computer outputs and radio system outputs.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-17 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 FLIGHT MODE ANNUNCIATOR – LATERAL MODES Mode Commanded attitude Take-off mode On ground: wings level After lift-off: heading hold Bank angle ≤ 5° Capture and follow a track to a navigation source Navigation mode Annunciation Nav source „VOR1/2, LOC1/2 or FMS1/2“ illuminates in green Green HDG message Select Cancel TOGA button on thrust lever NAV button Synchronize FDs Select different late
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-18 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 FLIGHT MODE ANNUNCIATOR – VERTICAL MODES Mode Vertical Take-off mode Pitch mode Altitude Hold mode Altitude preselect mode Speed mode (CLB, DES, IAS) Commanded attitude Generates a fixed pitch-up command (pitch angle depends on take-off speed and difference between V2 and VR – loss of an engine reduces commanded pitch) clears all other modes, turns on both flight directors and turns off the aut
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-19 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 As soon as the autopilot is activated or synchronization is activated the current airspeed is selected as the reference speed. Vertical speed mode Glideslope mode Vertical go-around mode Generates commands to maintain and preselected vertical speed. The selected vertical speed is displayed on the PFD and may be selected in a range of ± 12,000 ft/min using the pitch wheel.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-20 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 SYNCHRONIZATION Synchronization enables you to synchronize the flight director bars with the current flight attitude. The Sync switch on the yoke is not simulated (because it is hidden on the backside of the yoke), so you must use the standard key assignment “flight director synchronization”. Please note this standard key is NOT assigned in FS/P3D so you must assign a key to it before it can be used.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-21 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 AUTOPILOT The installed autopilot is a two-axes, digital, fail-passive autopilot. It commands input to the ailerons, elevators and rudder via the flight control computers, FCCs.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-22 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 COMMUNICATIONS Some parts of the communication systems cannot be modelled and are not integrated in this package like the crew / passenger addressing system, boarding music system, external communication panels, attendant headsets or similar.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-23 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 INTERPHONE AND INTERCOM CONTROL PANEL The interphone panel on the centre pedestal is part of the ground crew interphone. The ground crew interphone is used to establish communication between crew in- and outside of the aircraft (like during pushback, engine start, aircraft maintenance). Hence there are several panels in and outside the aircraft to establish communication.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-24 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 4. PRE /RECALL: PRE-indicates the frequency was changed, RECALL indicates the frequency was swapped with the active frequency 5. PRE-SET FREQUENCY: The Preset frequency (shown in white) can be swapped with the active frequency 6. FREQUENCY SWAP: Push to swap active with Preset 7. ADJUST FREQUENCY: in 25 kHz steps (COM) or 50 kHz steps (NAV) 8. ADJUST FREQUENCY: in 1 MHz steps 9.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-25 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 BACKUP TUNING UNIT The backup tuning unit provides a spare / backup in case both RTUs fail. Normally the backup tuning unit stays in standby mode the entire flight. As soon as it is switched on it takes control of COM1 and NAV 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-26 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 ALTERNATING CURRENT, AC SYSTEM During normal operation, the IDGs supply alternating current. The APU may be used as a backup in case both IDGs fail. In case even the APU fails, the CRJ is equipped with an Air Driven Generator, ADG, which is basically a propeller which is extended into the airstream.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-27 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 The following table shows the power distribution in the AC system for normal operation: AC BUS 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Flight Recorder Power TRU 1 Main Battery Charger Recirculating Fan 1 Display Cooling Fan 2 Lavatory Exhaust Fan Baggage Compartment Heater Slats and Flaps Channel 1 Pitch Trim Channel 1 Hydraulic Pumps 3B and 2B Hydraulic System Fan Left Windshield Heater TAT Pro
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-28 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 CONTROLS ON OVERHEAD PANEL 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. DC SERVICE: Connects the DC service bus to the APU battery direct bus BATTER MASTER: Used to supply the battery bus with power from the APU or main direct busses.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-29 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 EICAS SYNOPTIC PAGE – HOW TO OPEN AC & DC ELECTRICAL SYNOPTIC PAGES The AC and DC electrical synoptic page is opened via the EICAS control panel by pressing the ELEC key (1) once to open the AC electrical synoptic page and twice to open the DC electrical synoptic page.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-30 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 EICAS SYNOPTIC PAGE – ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLIED FROM AIR DRIVEN GENERATOR EICAS DIGITAL READOUT GREEN WHITE AMBER DASHES XXX V Between 108 and 130 volts Less than 108 or more than 130 volts Invalid data XXX HZ Between 360 and 440 Hz Less than 360 or more than 440 Hz Invalid data EICAS OUTLINE GREEN WHITE ADG outline green ADG outline white Voltage and frequency digital readouts gree
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-31 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 EICAS SYNOPTIC PAGE – ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLIED FROM EXTERNAL POWER Before you can connect an external power supply to your aircraft you need to set the parking brake and/or chocks and then activate the power cart via Dave. So please open Dave and proceed to the “Services / Maintenance” menu, then activate the chocks and ground power. Then press SAVE.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-32 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 DIRECT CURRENT, DC SYSTEM Direct power is supplied by four transformer rectifier units, TRUs and two batteries.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-33 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 EICAS OUTLINE GREEN AMBER WHITE AMBER DASHES ll Bus powered Bus not powered - Invalid data Not less than 18 volts Less than 18 volts - Invalid data Not less than 3.7 amps and not less than 18 volts - Less than 3.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 Right IAPS Right AFCS Right IAPS Fan Observer Audio VHF Communication 2 RTU 2 Service Bus Feed ACPC Control 2 Left ACS Pressure Sensors Cabin Pressure Control 2 Galley Heater Control Fwd Cabin Temperature Sensors ACS Control 1 Channel B Right ACS Manual EMERGENCY BUS APU Battery Direct Bus Feed FIREX Engine and APU Fuel SOVs Hydraulic SOVs EICAS DCU 1 RTU 1 Pilot Audio Cockpit Voice Recorder Door Indication 1 and 2 ACS Control 2 Channel B Left ACS Manual Disp
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 EICAS DCU 1 and 2 EICAS Primary Display EICAS Secondary Display EICAS Control Panel Right Lamp Driver Unit EICAS Dimming Left AFCS MDC Left IAPS Fan APU Control APU ECU Primary VHF Communication 1 Emergency Tuning Pilot, Copilot and Observer Audio Cabin Interphone Passenger Address Emergency Bus Feed IDG Disconnect Generator Control Units MAIN BATTERY DIRECT BUS Main Battery Power Sensors Main Battery Control External AC Power DCPC 2 Main Battery Charger Output
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-36 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM The environmental control system controls mainly the cabin temperature and cabin pressure of the aircraft.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 1. 2. 3. 4. AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-37 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 SELECTED TEMPERATURE (cyan): Indicates the selected temperature ACTUAL TEMPERATURE (white): Indicates sensed temperature MANUAL (white): Indicates manual mode is selected.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 2.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-39 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 • • • • • • • ALT LIMITER CAUTION (amber): Altitude limitation function unserviceable OVDB COOL CAUTION (AMBER): Ground valve open in flight AUTO PRESS 1/2 FAIL STATUS (white): Cabin pressure control unserviceable AUTO PRS 1/2 FAIL STATUS (white): Active channel is lost in manual mode CABIN PRESS MAN STATUS (white): Landing elevation set above 8.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-40 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 The following table shows typical cabin altitude in relation to the aircrafts altitude.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-41 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 SAFETY VALVES Two safety valves prevent the differential pressure exceeding its maximum. • • Maximum positive differential pressure limit Maximum negative differential pressure limit 8.6 PSI (tolerance ±0.1PSI) -0.5 PSI GROUND VALVE On ground the ground valve is normally open if passenger and/or service doors are open.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-42 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT As most parts of the emergency equipment are hardware, there is not much to simulate within FS. You’ll find four parts of the emergency equipment which are represented but without further function: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-43 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 FIRE PROTECTION The following aircraft components are protected by the fire detection and protection system: • • • • • Engines Auxiliary power unit, APU Forward and aft cargo compartment Main wheel well Lavatories Fire detection is indicated by aural and visual warnings as well as EICAS warnings.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-44 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-45 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 ENGINE FIRE EXTINGUISHING EVENT RESULT (Left engine fire procedure is described; the right engine fire procedure is similar) 1 Fire condition occurs in the left engine fire zone Fire bell sounds MASTER WARNING LH FIRE PUSH switch lights come on GLARESHIELD INDICATIONS LH ENG BOTTLE 1 FIRE ARMED PUSH PUSH TO DISCH BOTTLE 2 MASTER ARMED WARNING PUSH TO DISCH ON OUT OUT ON 2 MASTER WARNING Fire
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-46 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 APU FIRE CONTROLS & MESSAGES • • • • APU FIRE WARNING (red): Appears when APU fire is detected APU SQB CAUTION (amber): Appears when APU squib was fired or failed APU FIRE FAIL CAUTION (amber): Indicates a failure of the APU fire detection system APU BTL LO CAUTION (amber): indicates APU bottle was discharged CARGO COMPARTMENT FIRE CONTROLS & MESSAGES ECAM MESSAGES • • • • SMOKE AFT / FWD WARNING
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-47 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 MAIN LANDING GEAR OVERHEAT DETECTION 1. 2. MLG BAY OVHT: Tests the landing gear overheat detection system. Will show MLG OVHT FAIL CAUTION (red) in EICAM and will light MASTER WARNING light MLG OVHT FAIL: Used to simulate a failure in the landing gear bay overheat detection.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-48 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 FLIGHT CONTROLS The flight controls enable the aircraft to be moved on all three axes. They are divided into primary and secondary flight controls.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-49 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 AILERONS The CRJ is equipped with two ailerons, one mounted on each wing near each wingtip. By turning the steering column to the left the left aileron will move up, the right aileron will move down. For steep turns the spoiler on the wing which is moving downwards will deflect to assist the turn.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-50 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 RUDDER Yaw axis is controlled by the rudder mounted to the empennage. The rudder is controlled via the pedals. Two yaw dampers add to the aircrafts directional stability and keep the aircraft coordinated during turns. The input signal from the rudder pedals is transferred to the actuators, which deflect the rudder.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-51 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 ELEVATOR The CRJ’s elevators are mounted to the empennage and controlled by either pilot’s yoke. The elevators have 18.4° up movement and 23.6° down movement.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-52 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 HORIZONTAL STABILIZER TRIM The horizontal trim works a little bit different than the other systems; when adjusting the trim, the entire stabilizer is moved by two motors and a jack screw. Pitch trim is limited to +2° up and -13° down. There are four elevator trim modes: - - - 1. 2. 3. Manual trim: The stabilizer is moved according the input from the trim switches.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-53 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 FLAPS AND SLATS The slats and flaps enable the aircraft to fly at lower speeds without stalling. On the other hand flaps and slats increase drag and hence fuel flow. Thus, the flaps and slats are moveable to extend and retract them as needed.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-54 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 SPOILERS To speedup descends, assist in turns and prevent bouncing during landing / touchdown the CRJ is equipped with spoilers. As already indicated they may be used for different purposes.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-55 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 STALL PROTECTION SYSTEM As previously mentioned a stall needs to be prevented any time. Accordingly, all aircraft are equipped with at least a stall warning. The CRJ is equipped with a stall warning and a stick pusher – both together are called the stall protection system.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-56 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The flight instruments comprise the electronic flight instrument systems, standby instruments and clocks. The instruments receive data from the aircraft’s sensors via the air data system, radio altimeter and inertial reference system.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-57 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 ELECTRONIC FLIGHT INSTRUMENT SYSTEM (EFIS) Each pilot has a primary flight display, PFD and a multi-functional display, MFD. All 4 units are technically identical and interchangeable. The PFD’s primary function is to show aircraft attitude, airspeed, altitude, flight director commands and flight mode annunciations.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-58 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 DISPLAY REVERSION Display reversion is needed in case one PFD fails. It allows to display the PFDs information or EICAS pages on the MFD. The MFD information cannot be displayed on the PFD though. DISPLAY CONTROL On either pilot’s side display control panel is installed.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-59 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 AIR DATA SYSTEM The air data system collects information from several sensors of the aircraft (like pitot probes, static ports) to forward this information directly as well as computing new information from the gathered information to supply further aircraft systems with.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-60 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 AIR DATA REFERENCE (ARP) PANELS The air data reference panels – located on either pilot’s side – enable the pilots to enter airspeed reference pointers and barometric correction for altitude. The air data reference panels maybe divided into three sections: - The speed reference section This section enables the pilot to enter several reference speeds (V1, V2, VR and VT).
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-61 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-62 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-63 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 ALTITUDE ALERTS The altitude alerts notifies the crew that preselected altitudes are going to be captured or a deviation from a preselected altitude occurs.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-64 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 RADIO ALTIMETER SYSTEM Two radio altimeter systems provide an accurate measurement of the aircrafts altitude over ground within -20 to 2,500ft AGL.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-65 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Back in the 1960’s the first inertial reference systems replaced the navigator for trans-oceanic flights. The first IRS systems used gyros oriented in all three axes. The gyros enable to detect and compute motion the IRS experiences. Now add a reference / starting point and this enables you to compute the track of an aircraft.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-66 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 DISPLAY REVERSION Normally each Inertial Reference System supplies data to the respective PFD / MFD. The ATT HDG knob on the source selector panel allows to switch between normal configurations (each IRS supplies the same side displays) or select the specific IRS 1 or 2. The selection is indicated by a yellow single source flag on the PFD.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-67 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 INITIALIZATION AND ALIGNMENT Initialization of the IRS systems takes approximately 7 minutes. To complete the process the present position needs to be entered in the POS INIT page of the flight management system. During initialization, an initialization alignment message is flashing on the PFD. Dave allows you to modify initialization time.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-68 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 STANDBY COMPASS The standby compass is a self-contained dry compass with damping to reduce overshooting. It is independent from all other aircraft systems. A miniature aircraft symbol indicates the aircrafts heading in relation to magnetic north.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-69 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 The compass correction card, sitting above the compass rose, shows the correction values to subtract or add to the indicated heading for compensation of metallic or magnetic materials in the aircraft, influencing the compass rose. CLOCKS A digital clock is installed on either pilots’ side panel.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-70 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 FUEL SYSTEM The fuel system is comprised of the following subsystems: • • • Fuel tanks / storage The CRJ has three tanks: two wing and one center tank Fuel management (transfer/crossflow) & distribution Fuel quantity gauging FUEL TANKS / STORAGE Fuel is stored in both wing and the center tank. The wing tanks are emptied first.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-71 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-72 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 The engines are supplied with fuel from the so-called side collective tanks. These two tanks are structural part of the central tank but are separate tanks though. To prevent fuel starvation during manoeuvring, the collective tanks are continuously filled up by the monitoring computer system. Boost pumps support fuel feed to the engines in case of a pressure drop in the fuel line.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-73 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-74 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 HYDRAULIC POWER The CRJ has three hydraulic systems. Systems 1 and 2 are identical. All three systems operate on a nominal pressure of 3,000 PSI. Each system has two pumps. A main pump (A) for normal power and a backup pump (B). System 1 and 2’s main pumps are engine driven pumps (EDP). The backup-pumps are AC-motor pumps (ACMP).
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-75 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 The following table shows which aircraft system is supplied by which hydraulic system.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-76 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 Hydraulic systems 3: Just a few cautions and status messages may be triggered by the hydraulic system.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-77 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 ICE & RAIN PROTECTION The aircraft does not need much protecting from rain if no icing conditions persist (definition is coming up in a second), hence windshield wipers are the only system for rain protection. Icing conditions are defined as follows: TAT of 10°C and less and visible moisture like fog, clouds, any form of precipitation, except the SAT is -40°C (-40°F) or below.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 ICE DETECTION SYSTEM AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-78 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 WING AND COWL ANTI -ICE SYSTEM AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-79 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AIR DATA ANTI -ICE SYSTEM AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-80 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-81 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 WINDSHIELD AND SIDE WINDOW ANTI -ICE SYSTEM WINDSHIELD WIPER SYSTEM
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-82 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 LANDING GEAR The CRJ is equipped with two main landing gear assemblies mounted in either wing-root, and a forward, steerable, fuselage mounted nose gear assembly. Each assembly is equipped with two wheels and a braking system. Gear extraction and retraction is triggered electrically by the landing gear selector whereas the extension and retracting is actuated hydraulically (by hydraulic system 3).
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-83 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 BRAKE SYSTEM Each wheel of the gear assembly is equipped with self-adjusting multi-disc brakes. The inboard brakes are actuated by hydraulic system no. 3. Brake pressure is applied by pressing the rudder pedals. To enable this feature within your flightsim make sure that the toe brake axis is assigned to your rudder pedals brake axis or whichever axis you prefer.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-84 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 BRAKE TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM The main wheel brakes temperature is monitored and indicated on the EICAS as long as the gear and flap/slats position are indicated on the EICAS. In case an overheat condition is detected and no longer persists, the warning may be reset by the BTMS overheat warning reset switch.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-85 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 ANTI-SKID The anti-skid-system controls the hydraulic pressure applied to the wheel brakes and performs the following functions: - Prevent skidding - Protection during touchdown – even though the brake pedals may be pressed / applied, a landing with locked wheels is prevented - Recovering of a wheel from deep skid The anti-skid-system comprises four-wheel speed transducers and two dual anti-ski
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-86 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 NOSE WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM Unlike in most other aircraft the CRJ’s nosewheel steering needs to be activated manually by selecting the N/W STRG switch to the ARMED position. Then you can turn the nosewheel up to 80° either side of center with the steering tiller mounted on the pilot’s side panel. Deflection controlled by the rudder pedals is limited to 8° either side of center.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-87 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 LIGHTING This chapter is divided into the following sections: • • • • Cockpit lighting Controls on overhead panel Passenger compartment lighting Controls on forward attendant’s panel → not simulated External lighting Controls on overhead panel Emergency lighting Controls on overhead panel COCKPIT LIGHTING Several types of lighting are available in the cockpit: - - - General area illumination o D
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-88 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 PASSENGER COMPARTMENT LIGHTING The real aircraft offers several types of lighting for the passenger compartment, like ceiling and sidewall fluorescent lights. The only lights that may be controlled in FS are the NO SMOKING and FASTEN SEAT BELTS signs.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-89 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 EXTERNAL LIGHTING External lighting is simulated identical to the real aircraft. The external lights comprise: - Landing and taxi lighting The CRJ has three landing lights – one in each wing’s leading edge and one installed on the nose gear. The 2 taxi lights are installed next to the landing lights in the wind’s leading edge.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-90 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-91 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 EMERGENCY LIGHTING Emergency lighting of the real airplane consists of the overwing exit paths, the exterior area around the passenger doors / emergency exits, interior exit paths, lighting of the emergency exits and so on. Even though the controls are available in the virtual cockpit, the emergency lighting is not simulated and hence not further explained.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-92 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (FMS) The CRJ is powered by two Collins FMS-4200 flight management computers. The control display units (CDU) are the interface between pilots and the FMS units itself by means of data / information display and data entry. The FMS provides lateral guidance and vertical advisories based on the entered flight route, performance data and data collected from several sensors.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-93 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 - Prompts / Dashes Boxes indicate where information need to be entered in the FMS. Dashes indicate where information may be entered. - Data lines Provide further information to the indicated data in the same label line (i.e.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 o o o o o - AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-94 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 PROG Opens the Progress page to show a summary of the current flight status PERF Opens the Performance page MFD DATA Allows to switch between map and text display MFD MENU Allows to look deeper into the FMS data source regarding airports, navaids, fixes and modify data MFD ADV Opens the DISPLAY ADVANCE page to move through the MFD text pages.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-95 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 Function Toggles left MCDU keyboard entry mode ON/OFF Toggles right MCDU keyboard entry mode ON/OFF German Keyboard Strg+Umschalt+1 Strg+Umschalt+2 U.S.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-96 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 PREFLIGHT SETUP AND SEQUENCE OF PAGES During flight preparation the FMS is set up as well. This setup follows a certain sequence of events which will be briefly introduced in this chapter. Check the tutorial flight and FMS manual for more information. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-97 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM ( GPS) The global positioning system works according the same principle as smartphones or handheld GPS-units – the unit receives satellite signals to compute the current positions, altitude and velocity. The main difference between the CRJs GPS and a handheld device is the accuracy of the GPS signals and hence the aircrafts position as well as redundancy.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-98 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-99 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-100 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER (ADF) The ADF system is used to display the bearing from the aircraft to a ground station. The ground station may either be a non-directional beacon (NDB) or a standard amplitutde modulation (AM) broadcast station sending within the frequency range of 190.0 to 1799,5 kHz. The CRJ has two ADF receivers ADF 1 and ADF 2 which may be operated independently.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-101 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT ( DME) Most of the time the DME signal is tuned automatically corresponding to the tuned VOR station. The DME system then computes the straight-line distance between aircraft and ground station. Furthermore, it provides information on ground speed, time to station and station identification. The CRJs two DME systems operate with three channels each.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-102 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-103 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TRANSPONDER SYSTEM (ACT) Two air traffic transponders (ATC 1 and ATC 2) do have three operating modes: • • • Mode A Mode C Mode Select (S) – in this mode the transponder exchanges information with other aircraft with transponders in mode S which feed the TCAS system. The transponder code is tuned via the radio tuning unit, the FMS / CDU.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-104 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 TRAFFIC ALERT AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM ( TCAS) The TCAS system exchanges information regarding the aircrafts position, heading and speed to estimate possible conflicts or collisions. Activating mode S on your transponder enables the aircraft transponders to interrogate their positions, relative approximation and hence trigger warning messages.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-105 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-106 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 TRAFFIC ADVISORY (TA) A traffic advisory, TA is triggered when the relative position of intruding aircrafts is 45 seconds from the closest point of approach and 1,000 feet or less above or under the aircrafts current altitude. The TA is displayed on the PFD as well as on the MFD when TCAS mode is active.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-107 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 AURAL WARNING The TCAS system provides the following aural warnings • Traffic advisories (TA) • TRAFFIC - TRAFFIC • Resolution Advisories (RA) • • • o CLIMB, CLIMB, CLIMB o DESCEND, DESCEND o MONITOR VERTICAL SPEED o CLIMB – CROSSING CLIMB, CLIMB – CROSSING CLIMB o DESCENT – CROSSING DESCENT, DESCENT – CROSSING DESCENT o INCREASE CLIMB, INCREASE CLIMB o INCREASE DESCENT, INCREASE DESCENT o C
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-108 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-109 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 MODE 1 – EXCESSIVE DESCENT RATE Mode 1 is used during the approach phase of the aircraft and is independent of the aircrafts config. In case the GPWS detects excessive sink rate close to terrain during approach the “SINKRATE, SINKRATE” aural warning is triggered first together with the GND PROX lights coming on.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-110 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 MODE 4 – UNSAFE TERRAIN CLEARANCE This mode provides visual and aural warnings in case of insufficient terrain clearance. It has three sub-modes 4A, 4B and 4C which depend on the aircraft configuration and phase of flight.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-111 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 During take-off and final approach and altitudes between 10 and 1,000 feet the GPWS detects windshear conditions and triggers respective warnings. The system distinguishes whether a condition with a tail-wind and downdraft or a headwind and upwind is experienced.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-112 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 TERRAIN / OBSTACLE AWARENESS ALERTING AND DISPLAY The GPWS is supplied with a terrain and obstacle database. This database enables the GPWS to compute possible collisions with terrain or obstacles based on a comparison of the computed flight path. Either way the system first triggers cautions and if the flight path does not change then it triggers a warning.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-113 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 WEATHER RADAR (WXR) The weather radar assists the pilots to avoid areas of ‘bad weather’. The basic principle is that water drops create a certain radar echo. The intensity of the echo correlates with the density of the water drops.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-114 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 POWER PLANT Two General Electric CF34-8C5 engines provide 13,600 pounds of thrust each. In case one engine fails, the automatic power reserve (APR) function will increase thrust on the remaining engine to 14,510 pounds. The engine operation and thrust is controlled by the so called FADEC: full authority digital electronic control system.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-115 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 THRUST CONTROL CRJ’s thrust is controlled by two thrust levers, installed on the center pedestal. The CRJ has no auto thrust. The FADEC, which is described in more detail in the following chapter, and throttle detents assist the pilots during take-off, climb, descent as well as go-around by automatically setting calculated thrust settings. Nevertheless, during cruise thrust needs to be set manually.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-116 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-117 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 FULL AUTHORITY DIGITAL ELECTRONIC CONTROL (FADEC) The FADEC assists the pilots by commanding thrust depending on thrust lever setting and several environmental parameters. Each engine is equipped with dual channel FADEC computers and they are powered by the aircraft’s electrical system. The available detents were already introduced in the thrust control section.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-118 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 FLEX POWER The logic behind the flex thrust concept is simple. Air gets thinner with rising temperature – you probably noticed that aircraft need more runway on a hot summer day than in winter (given the same weight of course).
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-119 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 HIGH POWER SCHEDULE There is no operational procedure in which the use of the high-power schedule is required. Nevertheless, by activating the high-power schedule for an engine, the FADEC will compute and command MCT, maximum continuous thrust, as soon as the thrust levers is in climb detent. When advanced further to the take-off detent, APR, automatic power reserve, is activated.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-120 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 Basically, the start-up process is based on bleed air to initiate the core engine start to rotate. As soon as rotational speed is sufficient, fuel is injected in the combustion chamber and the engine gathers more speed until it stabilizes at idle thrust. Obviously, the ignition needs to be switched on during the entire start process. The FADEC monitors the entire start-up sequence.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-121 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 Each engine has two AC ignition systems (A & B). Each system is comprised of two ignition exciters and two igniter plugs. Either system is supplied by a different electrical bus (sys A by the AC essential bus and sys B by the battery bus through a static inverter). The ignition systems are normally controlled by the FADEC but may be activated manually by pressing the CONT button.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-122 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 FUEL SYSTEM Two fuel pumps plus a boost pump per engine supply the engines with fuel. Fuel flow to the engine may be cut by closing the shutoff valve or pushing the FIRE PUSH switch. The amount of fuel injected into the combustion chamber is controlled by the FADEC. The FADEC calculates the amount. Furthermore, fuel is used for cooling the oil in the lubrication system.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-123 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 INTERTURBINE TEMPERATURE (ITT) MONITORING The temperature is measured in the gas-path after leaving the high-pressure turbine (HPT) by several probes. The signals are sent to the FADEC for processing. The FADEC distinguishes between three types of ITT exceedances and triggers equivalent messages which may be temporarily or permanent until N 2 of the affected engine decreases below 2%.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-124 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 REVERSE THRUST Reverse thrust is used to relieve the wheel brakes or reduce stopping distances of the aircraft by redirecting part of the engines outgoing airflow forward. The CRJ’s reverse thrust needs to be armed by placing two switches to the ARMED position and releasing and pulling back the thrust reverse levers.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-125 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017 PNEUMATICS The pneumatic system draws bleed air from the engines or the APU to supply the following systems: • • • Aircraft environmental control system (air-condition) Anti-ice systems (wing and cowl anti-ice) Engine starters The bleed air system is managed automatically and accordingly there are only few controls.
Aerosoft – Digital Aviation CRJ-70 & CRJ-900 AOM PART 2 VOL 5-1-126 Systems Description 5 26-Jul-2017
