PBY Catalina
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 4 System requirements ........................................................................................................................ 4 Credits............................................................................................................................................... 4 Copyrights ...........
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Taxi Out ....................................................................................................................................... 24 Run-Up ........................................................................................................................................ 24 Before Take Off (land + sea) ......................................................................................................... 25 After Take Off .............................
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Introduction The Catalina was always very high on our list of possible projects, but only with FSX around did we get the platform that could do all the details and special options we wanted to include. There are two reasons why the Catalina was so important to us, first (of course) because it is a very important aircraft, back in the days it hunted down submarines but even now in its new role as crowd pleaser at air shows.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Copyrights The manual, documentation, video images, software, and all the related materials are copyrighted and cannot be copied, photocopied, translated or reduced to any electronic medium or machine legible form, neither completely nor in part, without the previous written consent of AEROSOFT. THE SOFTWARE IS FURNISHED «AS IS» AND IT DOES NOT COME FURNISHED WITH ANY GUARANTEE IMPLICIT OR EXPRESS.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Models and versions The Catalina is one of those aircraft that was done in many distinct models and dozens of versions and hundreds of variations. A few hours after being received by a new crew it would have been customized with new gear added and other things thrown out. This process did not stop after the aircraft were put into non-military service; in fact it was probably more visible as gun turrets and radar domes were removed.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Limitations It is best to start with things that do not work as we would like them to or not as good as we would like. Gear/Floats In FSX the gear and moving floats are linked to the same system (hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical). In the real PBY the gear is hydraulic and the floats are operated electrically. As we felt the gears were more important the floats are now also hydraulic and need hydraulic pressure to operate.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Failure model and special features FSX has an extensive failure model but there are a few things missing that we felt should be added. These failures are typical for the type of aircraft and are not (or not well enough) provided by FSX. They are certainly important when you fly the more modern versions. They are all museum items and although mostly lovingly restored and in fine condition, they are many decades old and more prone to problems when abused.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual stop. When the carburetors are heated and the ice is removed they will be running normal again (or can be restarted). If carburetor air temperature is getting too high, the engine will lose power, because hot air contains less oxygen. Keep the carburetor air temperature above 32°C and below 50°C. Structural icing For an aircraft that was used so much in arctic condition it has rather pitiful de-icing systems.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Aerosoft Sound Control This aircraft is equipped with Aerosoft Sound Control that enhances the sound options of this aircraft in FSX. Depending on the product up to 200 additional sounds can be added. ASC is based on a special gauge that is loaded from the PANEL.cfg and is controlled by an ASC.cfg file in the panel folder. The module is linked to the aircraft and we added it with an ID code.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Interactive Checklist The interactive Checklist is like having the help of a co-pilot while you run over the checklist. It is very simple to use. . Just click on the line you have checked and a checkmark will appear. When the copilot (aka the Interactive Checklist) agrees with you the checklist will be green. When you see a red checkmark it means you might have clicked on the line but the actual setting is still not correct.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual On the bottom of the checklist you will find click zones to clear the current page (so all checkmarks are removed), close the checklist or move to the front/index page.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual levers to set the frequency. The scale will show you the strength of the signal and should peak when you are very close to the transmitter. Small tip: Tune ADF 2 radio to 1300 kHz. Sperry Autopilot The first autopilot was invented in 1912 and demonstrated by Lawrence Sperry in 1914. The autopilot was refined during the following years. It used gyroscopes for heading and attitude reference.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Engaging the autopilot Engaging the autopilot required that vacuum was present for the gyros. The suction pressure could be checked on the suction gauge on the autopilot unit. The necessary hydraulic pressure was supplied from the Catalinas right engine (or aux. electrical hydraulic pump). Supply of hydraulic pressure was controlled by the “Master Autopilot” control lever, mounted in the roof, behind the throttle quadrant.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Bank Bank hold was engaged by opening the “Aileron gain” knob. Desired bank was set by turning the “Aileron” knob. The selected bank angle could be read on top of the Sperry attitude indicator gauge. If both Heading hold and Bank hold were active (both the “Rudder gain” and the “Aileron gain” knobs were open), the aircraft would roll to the desired bank angle and turn until it fell within ±10° of the selected heading, where after it would follow the selected heading.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual • • • Buttons 0 -7: Used to enter the 4 digit transponder code. If a full 4 digit code has not been entered and 4 seconds have elapsed since the last button press, the transponder will revert to the previous set code. CLR button: Used to clear code entry if a wrong digit has been entered. Press the CLR button and re-enter the full 4 digit code once more. After having pressed the CLR button the previous code will be shown on the display.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual an audible alarm will sound, the timer display will flash for 15 seconds and the timer will start its normal ET count up sequence. Pressing the FREQ/--- button, when in FLT or ET mode, will return the KR 87 to the Active / Standby frequency mode. Bendix King KN62A DME display. The KN62A DME display, will show distance, ground speed and time referring to the tuned NAV2 radio. To switch the unit on, click the On / Off switch.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual approach. The lower two COM1 and COM2 buttons are used for selecting what Com radio to transmit on. Note that only one COM radio can be selected at the same time for transmitting, while both can be selected for receiving. The rest of the buttons and knobs are not simulated in the Catalina due to FSX limitations.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Engine Settings The following settings are ideal settings and are used on most Catalinas flying at this moment. They war models were of course driven harder, but this can lead to failures and other problems. There is a power settings page in the onboard checklist as well.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Mission Although there will be a complete mission pack for the Catalina available, there is one mission included in the base product. You will find it with the other missions, under the Aerosoft Flights Category. We strongly recommend you activate Show captioning and Compass and Pointer in the Settings – General configuration. This will give you more assistance during the mission.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Appendix A: Simplified checklist Although the complete checklists in the real flight manual or the interactive checklist that is part of the panel are the best way to go, we included a step-by-step guide here for your first flights. Start with a cold and dark aircraft (that you can select using the interactive checklist/ configuration tab). Power Up • ................................................................................................
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual • ................................................................................................ Throttles Cracked o Open throttles appr. ¼ inch • ................................................................................................ Prop Levers Full Fine o Check prop levers fully forward • ................................................................................................ Mixtures I.C.O. o Check mixture levers are in idle-cut-off position • ......
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual 1. Beacon light ON 2. Right Fuel Selector to BOTH 3. Right Mixture Control to FULL RICH Switch to Main Virtual Cockpit View 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual o Set VHF/NAV1 and VHF/NAV2 to proper frequencies o Switch GPS master on o Set GPS for intended flight • ................................................................................................ Gyros Set • ................................................................................................ Ground Equipment Removed Taxi Out • ................................................................................................
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Before Take Off (land + sea) • ................................................................................................ Wing Floats Check o With water landing intended run floats all the way down and up with generators online (more than 1200 RPM) • ................................................................................................ Gear A/R o Clearly state configuration • ..................................................................................
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual After Take Off • ................................................................................................ Gear and Floats Up o In case of land take off check gear fully up and gear handle is locked o Check if amber nose door closed light is on o Check if red gear up and locked light is on o In case of water take off check if floats are visually up o Check that float motor stopped running o Set float switch in neutral position • .....................................
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Landing (Land) • ................................................................................................ Gear Down and Check o In case of land landing check if gear handle is locked o Check if green down and lock light is on o Check visually if main and nose gear is down and locked • ................................................................................................
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual • ................................................................................................ Internal lighting • ................................................................................................ Mixtures I.C.O. • ................................................................................................ Anti Collision Light • ................................................................................................ Radio Master Switch • ....
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Appendix B: KX 165A TSO Design & Copyrights of gauge, graphics and manual Don Kuhn www.FS2X.com Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................34 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 35 POWER ......................................................................................................... 36 SETTING FREQUENCIES ...
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual navigation functions are on the right side. Communication controls include the COM FREQUENCY TRANSFER BUTTON, the CHANNEL MODE BUTTON, and the COM FREQUENCY SELECT KNOBS. Navigation controls include the NAV FREQUENCY TRANSFER BUTTON, the NAV MODE BUTTON, and the NAV FREQUENCY TRANSFER BUTTONs. All of the communications functions, excluding the display of the active frequency, are displayed at the location of the COM STANDBY FREQUENCY.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual the button will toggle between these 2 positions. The out position is the default position. Functions requiring the out position include entry into the direct tune mode, active and standby Nav frequencies exchange in the OBS, bearing, and radial modes, resetting the count-up timer, and entering and exiting the count-down timer mode.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual 2. Hold down the COM or NAV FREQUENCY EXCHANGE BUTTON longer than 2 seconds and enter the value directly into active frequency (direct tune). The standby frequency is not displayed in the direct tune mode. Click the exchange button again to exit the direct tune mode. The standby frequencies can be entered directly using the appropriate knobs. STORING FREQUENCIES Enter Com frequencies into storage for later easy retrieval (up to 6 frequencies can be stored).
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual NAVIGATION PAGES The different NAV pages can be viewed sequentially using the NAV MODE BUTTON. Each click of the button steps the display to the next page, and the last click recycles the pages back to the first page. The active Nav frequency can be directly changed in the OBS, BEARING, RADIAL, and Timer pages by clicking on the NAV FREQUENCY SELECT KNOB and then using the knob to enter the new value.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Appendix C: KLN-90B User Manual Design & Copyrights of gauge, graphics and manual Don Kuhn www.FS2X.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................37 OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................. 38 DEFINITIONS:.............................................................................................................................38 SYSTEM USE ..............................
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual TRIP 0: Trip Planning 0 Page (TRI 0)............................................................................................69 TRIP 1: Trip Planning 1 Page (TRI 1)............................................................................................71 TRIP 2: Trip Planning 2 Page (TRI 2)............................................................................................72 MOD: MODE PAGES ....................................................................
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual INTRODUCTION Although not state of the art when we release the Aerosoft PBY Catalina X, the KLN-90B is one of the most used navigation systems in aircraft . The main reason is that it is a very easy replacement as it fits in the avionics bay, all the connections are available and you can pick up a copy for a very reasonable price.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual OVERVIEW The KLN 90B GPS Navigation System contains a wealth of aeronautical information. This information is presented on the display screen in the form of "pages". Each page contains specific and related information presented in a specific format. Related information pages are grouped into 17 page "types", and most are further divided into related sub-groups to give over 50 different information pages.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual 5. RIGHT PAGE TYPES: Lists the 10 page types available in the right group. Scroll forwards or backwards through the list using the RIGHT OUTER KNOB. 6. RIGHT OUTER KNOB: Primary function is to scroll forwards and backwards through the right group page types. The RIGHT INNER KNOB must be in the default "out" position. Also used to scroll through highlighted fields when the RIGHT INNER KNOB is "in" and the RIGHT CURSOR BUTTON function is on.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual entry mode. The letters CRSR are displayed in place of the page type name and number when the cursor function is on. SYSTEM USE The basic setup of the KLN 90B is straight forward. There are 5 buttons along the bottom of the unit which serve specific pages or functions (discussed later). The remaining pages are divided into 2 separate groups whose associated functions are located on the left (8 page types) or right (10 page types) side of the unit.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual The current page type name and sub-page number is displayed below the screen. To change pages, the cursor button function must be off, and in the case of the right group, the RIGHT INNER KNOB must be out. Data entry into the left group pages is initiated by going to the appropriate page and then clicking on the LEFT CURSOR BUTTON.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual • Click on the right cursor button to enter the value and exit the cursor function. Note you can also use your keyboard to enter the letters. The following pages describe each different page in some detail. The approach taken is to discuss the pages of the left group starting with the NAV type page and going "forward" through the pages until the left NAV type is displayed again.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual • • • • • of the scale points up when tracking to a waypoint, and points down when tracking from a waypoint. Note: the CDI scale factor can be changed from 5 nm to 1 nm, or to 0.2 nm in either the MOD 1 or MOD 2 page. Line 3: Displays the distance to the next active waypoint in nautical miles (nm). In the DirectTo mode the destination is the next active waypoint. Line 4: Displays the ground speed in knots (kt).
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual example of this page is shown in Fig 1.4. Listed below is a description of the different lines of information. • • • • • Line 1: Display to indicate the information referring to the present position of the aircraft. Line 2: Display listing the nearest VOR to the current aircraft position. The VOR identifier code is shown on the left. The next display to the right is the magnetic north degrees to or from the VOR, with an annunciation to show the direction from the VOR.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual NAV 4: Navigation 2 Page (NAV 4) Fig 1.6 Fig 1.7 Fig 1.8 Fig 1.9 The navigation 4 page is used to enter the parameters used by the unit to compute ascending or descending paths in the vertical navigation mode (VNV). This page interfaces with the autopilot, and usually the autopilot altitude hold function is used during vertical navigation. There are 5 lines of information on this page; the last 3 lines are changed by the user during vertical navigation.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual when the aircraft levels off at the designated altitude, you will be at the height and distance from the active waypoint you set earlier. Examples of the vertical navigation page are shown in Figs 1.6-1.9 above. The information presented in line 1 of Figs 1.7 and 1.8 is not displayed when in the time mode. The meaning of each line of this page is discussed below.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual To use this calculator page, 1. Use the angle value on Line 6, along with the desired airspeed, on the CAL 4 page to determine the corresponding vertical speed in feet per minute. 2. Enter the desired altitude and distance from the next active waypoint in Lines 3 and 4, respectively, of the NAV 4 page. 3.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual An example using the latter vertical navigation type on a Direct-To GPS flight from Tuscon International (KTUS) to Phoenix Sky Harbor (KPHX) is illustrated below: Figs 1.6-1.9 show the displays of the NAV 4 page at different times of the trip. I first set the KLN 90B for a direct flight using the Direct-To feature. After take-off and climbing, I leveled off at 12,000 ft above MSL at 225 kts GS with the NAV 4 page displayed as shown in Fig 1.6.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual SUPER NAV 5: Super Navigation 5 Fig 1.11 Fig 1.12 Fig 1.13 The super navigation 5 page is displayed when the NAV 5 page is chosen from both left and right page groups at the same time. This page provides the user with basic relevant navigation data displayed in the context of a moving map. The information displayed on the map is exactly the same information displayed on the NAV 5 page, and the range and clutter can be changed as discussed.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual information fields displayed in the last 3 lines can be changed to display different information field (see the figures above). The information displayed in the 7 lines is discussed below. • • • • • • • Line 1: Displays the distance to the next active waypoint, in nm. Line 2: Displays the ICAO code of the next active waypoint. Line 3: Indicates if navigation is in the ENROUTE LEG or OBS mode. Line 4: Displays the current GS in kts.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual CALC: CALCULATOR PAGES The calculator pages allow the user to determine the effect which changing a navigation parameter has on other interrelated navigation parameters. The manufacturer calls these pages the "what if" pages.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual • • Line 5: Displays the user entered ambient temperature in degrees Celsius. Line 6: Displays the Density Altitude in feet above MSL based on the ambient temperature and the Pressure Altitude. To use this calculator page: 1. Display the CAL 1 page on the left screen and click on the LEFT CURSOR BUTTON. 2. Use the LEFT OUTER KNOB to scroll through data entry fields, and the LEFT INNER KNOB to change the values.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual CALC 3: Calculator 3 page (CAL 3) Fig2.3 The calculator 3 page is referred to as the "wind" page. Use this page to determine the headwind or tailwind based on the TAS and aircraft heading. This page also displays the direction (true north) and strength of the wind. There are 6 lines of information. • • • • • • Line 1: Indicates this page is used for calculations relating to wind parameters. Line 2: Displays the user-entered TAS in knots.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual CALC 4: Calculator 4 page (CAL 4) Fig.2.4 The calculator 4 page is used to convert the flight path angle into feet per minute, and vice versa. Put the groundspeed in to use during ascent or descent along with the angle displayed n Line 5 of the NAV 4 page, and the unit will calculate what this value corresponds to in fpm. Enter the fpm value into the KAS 297C vertical speed page.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual CALC 5: Calculator 5 Page (CAL 5) Fig2.5 The calculator 5 page is used to convert degrees Celsius to Fahrenheit and vice versa, and to convert between nautical and statute miles per hour. There are 5 lines of information. • • Line 1: Display to indicate the page is used for temperature and speed conversions. Line 2: Display of the user-entered or corresponding Fahrenheit temperature in degrees Celsius.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual CALC 6: Calculator 6 Page (CAL 6) Fig 2.6 The calculator 6 page is used to convert the time in one time zone to the corresponding time in another zone. Lines 2 and 3 in Fig2.6 display the time, 3 letter time zone code, and time zone name for one set, and Lines 4 and 5 shows the corresponding information in another set. The user can change the time and time zone of either set, and when the time is changed in one set it is changed in the other set accordingly.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Mountain Day Time Pacific Standard Time Pacific Day Time Alaska Standard Time Alaska Day Time Hawaii Standard Time Hawaii Day Time Samoa Standard Time Samoa Day Time UTC-6 UTC-8 UTC-7 UTC-9 UTC-8 UTC-10 UTC-9 UTC-11 UTC-10 MDT PST PDT AST ADT HST HDT SST SDT To use this calculator page: 1. Display the CAL 6 page on the left screen and click on the LEFT CURSOR BUTTON. 2.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual CALC 7: Calculator 7 page (CAL 7) Fig 2.7 This page displays the sunrise and sunset for all waypoints in the data base. It is currently INOPERABLE, and is only included to show the KLN 90B's full potential. STAT: STATUS PAGES The status pages contain information relating to the status of the satellite reception of the KLN 90B. There is no such information in the flight simulator, and accordingly these pages are displayed in this aircraft for learning purposes only.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual SETUP 1: Setup 1 Page (SET 1) Fig 3.1 The setup 1 page is used primarily to show the information used by the GPS to obtain an initial position fix. It is basically a nearest airport page and can be viewed at any time to get a quick "fix" on the nearest airport without going to the nearest airport pages. This page also displays the longitude and latitude of the nearest airport whose information is not supplied on the nearest airport pages. There are 5 lines of information.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual • • Line 3: Display showing the current time in an hh:mm:sec format. The time zone code corresponding to this time is displayed on the right side. Line 4: Display of the time zone corresponding to the date and time shown. Click the LEFT CURSOR BUTTON when on this page and use the LEFT INNER KNOB to toggle between Zulu and local dates and time. SETUP 3: Setup 3 Page (SET 3) Fig 3.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual 4. Click on the LEFT OUTER KNOB to shift the cursor to the runway surface type location (Line 6). A rectangle will appear behind 1 of 3 annunciations; 1) "HRD SFT", "HRD", or 3) "SFT". The "HRD SFT" annunciation is the unset default display and indicates the 2 set choices available. The other 2 annunciations are displayed if their values had been set previously in the flight. 5.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual SETUP 5: Setup 5 Page (SET 5) Fig3.6 The setup 5 page functions in the Height Above Airport Alert feature of the KLN 90B. The height above airport alert feature is a feature to alert the user when the aircraft altitude is at a certain height above (user-entered value), but less than 2000 ft, and within 5 nm of the next active waypoint. One obvious use of this feature is to be notified when you are at pattern altitude during an approach.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual 7. Exit the data entry mode at any time by clicking on the LEFT CURSOR BUTTON. All data entered in the session will be retained. All data entry fields can be scrolled through forwards and backwards. SETUP 6: Setup 6 Page (SET 6) Fig3.6 The setup 6 page is used to toggle the barometric pressure readout on the initial page, and the CAL 1 and 2 pages, between units of inches of Hg and millibars pressure. There are 4 Lines of information.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Fig3.7 The setup page 7 is used to adjust the volume of the altitude aural alert. It is currently INOPERATIVE. OTHER: OTHER PAGES The other pages are designed to assist the user in fuel management, and to provide pertinent air data information. There are 6 "other" pages: the first 4 are being used for fuel management, and the last 2 are used to display air data information. Only the first 2 pages have a choice of user input. User input lines have an ":" annunciation.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual To use this other page: 1. Display the OTH 5 page on the left screen. The information displayed shows the current values. Click on the LEFT CURSOR BUTTON and a rectangle will appear behind the first digit of the FOB line (Line 2). 2. Use the LEFT INNER KNOB to change the current value if desired. Use the LEFT OUTER KNOB to change cursor location, and then use the LEFT INNER KNOB to change the value. Repeat this process until all desired numbers have been entered.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual OTHER 7: Other 7 Page (OTH 7) Fig 4.3 The “other page 7” displays the fuel flow in gals per hour. There are 3 lines of information. The first line displays the page "functional" title, the second line indicates that the data displayed is expressed in gallons of fuel per hour, and the third line displays the actual fuel flow value. There is no user input on this page. OTHER 8: Other 8 Page (OTH 8) Fig 4.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual OTHER 9: Other 9 Page (OTH 9) Fig4.4 The other 9 page displays pertinent air data information. The information displayed on this page is similar to that displayed on the CAL 3 page. There is no user input. There are 6 lines of information. • • • • • • Line 1: Displays the functional title of the page. Line 2: Displays the TAS of the aircraft in kts. Line 3: Displays the mach speed number. Line 4: Displays the headwind or tailwind component of the wind knots.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual TRIP: TRIP PLANNING PAGES The trip planning pages are used to determine the amount of time, and the fuel required to go directly from the present position to any other position in the world (within 10,000 nm). There are 3 trip planning pages. The first page is used to enter the TAS and wind data. This data is used by the KLN 90B to calculate an estimated GS to be used in planning specific trips on the TRI 1 and TRI 2 pages.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual 1. Display the TRI 0 page on the left screen. Click on the LEFT CURSOR BUTTON and a rectangle will appear behind the first digit of the TAS line (Line 3). 2. Use the LEFT INNER KNOB to change the current value if desired. Use the LEFT OUTER KNOB to change cursor location, and then use the LEFT INNER KNOB to change the value. Repeat this process until all desired numbers have been entered. 3. Click on the LEFT CURSOR BUTTON to exit data entry.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual TRIP 1: Trip Planning 1 Page (TRI 1) Fig5.2 The trip planning 1 page is used to plan a trip directly from your position to any waypoint in the databank. The GS determined by the KLN 90B can be used for calculations on this page, or the user can enter any GS to be used directly. The user enters the destination waypoint, and the unit determines the distance and direction to get there.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual 4. Click on the ENTER BUTTON 3 times to enter the waypoint. 5. Now click on the LEFT CURSOR BUTTON to enter the remaining data. A rectangle will be present behind the first digit of the GS data field (left side of Line 3) at this time. 6. Use the LEFT INNER KNOB to change the current value if desired. Use the LEFT OUTER KNOB to change cursor location, and then use the LEFT INNER KNOB to change the value. Repeat this process until all desired numbers have been entered. 7.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual 2. Use the LEFT INNER KNOB to change the current value if desired. Use the LEFT OUTER KNOB to change cursor location, and then use the LEFT INNER KNOB to change the value. Repeat this process until all desired numbers have been entered. 3. Click on the LEFT CURSOR BUTTON to exit data entry. The unit will now display the ETE and fuel required for the trip based on the data entered.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual 3. Click on the LEFT CURSOR BUTTON to exit data entry. The unit will display the CDI scale factor entered and the scale will change on all CDIs. MODE 2: Mode 2 Page (MOD 2) The mode 2 page is used to set the navigation type to the OBS mode. The OBS is not set until the ENTER BUTTON is clicked. Fig6.2 shows an example of the MOD 2 page with the CDI scale set to +/- 5 nm and the OBS not yet activated. Fig6.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual 6. Click on the ENTER BUTTON to activate the OBS mode. 7. Click 3 times on the DIRECT-TO BUTTON to enter the OBS Direct-To mode. 8. To exit the OBS Direct-To mode, go back to the MOD 1 page by clicking on the left side of the LEFT INNER KNOB (letter C). FPL: FLIGHT PLAN PAGE Fig 7.1 The flight plan page is used to display information specific to the active flight plan.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual NAV: NAVIGATION PAGES (right screen) The right group navigation pages viewed on the right side screen contain all the same information as the left group navigation pages. However, there are 2 differences: with the right group pages you use the right buttons and knobs to enter data on the NAV 4 page for vertical navigation. The sequence and usage is the same.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual To use this airport page: 1. Display the APT 1 page on the right screen. Click the RIGHT INNER KNOB to the in position. 2. Click on the RIGHT CURSOR BUTTON and a blinking rectangle will appear behind the airport ICAO (or "----") on Line 1. 3. Click on the right side of the RIGHT INNER KNOB (Letter H) to activate data entry. A blinking rectangle will now be present behind the first digit of the airport ICAO code name. 4.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual APT 3: Airport 3 Page (APT 3) Fig 8.3 Fig 8.4 The airport 3 page is used to display runway information for the user-selected airport. There are 2 screens of information. Fig. 8.3 shows an example of the default screen when you first open the APT 3 page, and Fig. 8.4 shows an example of the second screen. The default screen displays the runways of the selected airport in a north/south orientation.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual • • • Line 1: Displays the airport identifier code. Line 2: The left side of this line displays the magnetic orientation of the runway in degrees magnetic north. The right side of the line displays runway lighting information.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual APT 4: Airport 4 Page (APT 4) Fig.8.5 The airport 4 page is used to display communication frequencies for the selected airport. The KLN 90B displays the frequencies of the current airport on the airport 4 page at start-up so the user can obtain the needed information without changing data. Frequencies displayed include approach, ATIS, tower, ground, center, departure, clearance, UNICOM, FSS, and ILS frequencies.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual APT 5: Airport 5 Page (APT 5) Fig 8.6 The airport 5 page is currently UNAVAILABLE. APT 6: Airport 6 Page (APT 6) Fig 8.7 The airport 6 page is used to display the fuel services available at a user-selected airport. The lines of information depend on the available fuel services. • • Line 1: Displays the user selected airport ICAO identifier code. Lines 2-: Displays the available fuel services. To use this airport page: 1. Display the APT 6 page on the left screen.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual APT 7: Airport 7 Page (APT 7) Fig 8.8 The airport 7 page is used to display SID/STAR procedures in real life. In FSX, except for Direct-To, all flight planning is done through the FSX Flight Planner pages. These pages are accessible through the drop down bar: Flights -> Flight Planner. APT 8: Airport 8 Page (APT 8) Fig 8.9 Fig 8.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Fig 8.11 The airport 8 page is used to display non-precision approach information for the user-selected airport. This is also the page to load and activate the entered approach. The user enters the desired airport identifier code, and then chooses the various approaches available for the selected airport. These changes will be shown on the FPL 0 page. There are 4 lines of information. • • • Line 1: Displays the user-selected airport identifier.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual NEAREST Airport Pages Fig 8.12 The nearest airport pages display information about the 9 airports nearest to your current location in order of their nearness. An example of the nearest airport page 3 is presented in Fig 8.12 showing the display format used on all 9 nearest airport pages. These pages are always updating so the airports and their order will always be current. The information on the nearest pages are "read only", they cannot be changed directly by the user.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual VOR: VOR Page Fig 9.1 The VOR page provides the user with the ability to view information about any VOR in the data bank. The desired VOR is entered by the user and the KLN 90B displays the name, type, frequency, magnetic variation, and latitude and longitude of the VOR. There are 6 lines of information. • • • • • • Line 1: Displays the user-entered VOR identifier. Line 2: Displays the VOR name. Line 3: Displays the VOR class.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual NEAREST VOR Pages Fig9.2 The nearest VOR pages display information about the 9 VORs nearest to your current location in order of their nearness. An example of the nearest VOR page 1 is presented in Fig9.2 showing the display format used on all 9 nearest VOR pages. These pages are always updating so the VORs and their order will always be current. The information on the nearest pages are "read only", they cannot be changed directly by the user.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual NDB: NDB Page Fig10.1 The NDB page provides the user with the chance to view information about any NDB in the data bank. The desired NDB is entered by the user and the KLN 90B displays the name, type, frequency, magnetic variation, and latitude and longitude of the NDB. There are 5 lines of information. • • • • • Line 1: Displays the user-entered NDB identifier. Line 2: Displays the user-entered NDB name. Line 3: Displays the frequency of the user-selected NDB.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual NEAREST NDB Pages Fig10.2 The nearest NDB pages display information about the 9 NDBs nearest to your current location in order of their nearness. An example of the nearest NDB page 2 is presented in Fig10.2 showing the display format used on all 9 nearest NDB pages. These pages are always updating so the NDBs and their order will always be current. The information on the nearest pages are "read only", they cannot be changed directly by the user.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual INT: INTERSECTION PAGE Fig 11.1 The intersection page displays pertinent information about an intersection selected by the user. This includes low altitude, high altitude, approach, and SID and STAR intersections. It also includes outer marker and compass locators, and displays the radial and distance to or from the intersection. There are 6 lines of information. • • • • • • Line 1: Displays the intersection, outer marker, or outer compass locator name.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual SUPL: SUPPLEMENTAL PAGE (SUP) Fig 12.1 Fig 12.1 shows the display format for the supplemental waypoint page. Supplemental waypoints are user-defined waypoints other than airport, VOR, or NDB waypoints. Clicking on the RIGHT CURSOR BUTTON while on this page will direct you to the FS9 Flight Planning page. CTR: CENTER WAYPOINT PAGE Fig 13.1 Fig 13.2 The center 1 page is used to add center waypoints to a flight plan.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual Flight Planner page. The default screen is shown in Fig 13.1, and Fig 13.2 shows the display when the FPL 0 page is opened. REF: REFERENCE WAYPOINT PAGE Fig14.1 The reference waypoint page is used to add reference waypoints to a flight plan. Reference waypoints are waypoints that lie on the "great circle" route where the flight plan route passes closest to the selected point. All waypoint entries, except Direct-To, are set on the FS9 Flight Planning page.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual • • • Line 3: The left side of this line displays the time to the next active waypoint with the current flight conditions. The format is hrs:min. The right side of the line shows the CourseTo Steer to the next active waypoint in degrees magnetic north. Line 4: Displays the latitude of the next active waypoint. Line 5: Displays the longitude of the next active waypoint.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual D/T PAGE 1 WITH FLP 0: Fig15.2 The format displayed on the D/T 1 page when the FPL 0 page is open simultaneously on the left screen is shown in Fig15.2. The distance and ETE information on the D/T 1 page is listed in order of the distance to the destination waypoint, and corresponds to the order displayed on the FPL 0 page.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual D/T 2: Distance/Time 2 Page (D/T 2) Fig15.3 The distance/time 2 page is used to display the distance and arrival time to the next active waypoint and to the destination waypoint. In addition, the waypoint identifier and the sequential number of each waypoint are listed for easy reference. Fig15.3 shows an example of the default D/T 2 page. There are 6 lines of information.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual The format displayed on the D/T 2 page when the FPL 0 page is open simultaneously on the left screen is shown in Fig 15.3. The distance and ETA information on the D/T 2 page is listed in order of the distance to the destination waypoint, and corresponds to the order displayed on the FPL 0 page.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual D/T PAGE 3 WITH FLP 0: Fig15.6 The format displayed on the D/T 3 page when the FPL 0 page is open simultaneously on the left screen is shown in Fig15.6. The distance and ETA information on the D/T 3 page is listed in order of the distance to the destination waypoint, and corresponds to the order displayed on the FPL 0 page.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual • • • • • • display indicates the times in the column below it are local mean times. Line 2: Displays the departure time from the initial airport. Departure time is taken as the time when the aircrafts GS reaches 30 knots. Line 3: Displays the local time. Line 4: Displays the estimated time of arrival at the destination waypoint. Line 5: Displays the flight time. The time when the flight timer starts is set on the SET 4 page.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual ALTITUDE ALERT PAGE: ALT Button Fig17.1 Fig 17.2 Fig 17.3 The altitude alert page is used in conjunction with the SEL field of the NAV 4 page to alert the pilot when the aircraft has reached a specified number of feet above a pre-selected altitude. Clicking on the ALT BUTTON will display the altitude alert page on the left screen and the NAV 4 page on the right screen as shown in Fig17.1.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual • • • Line 1: Display showing the page viewed is the altitude alert page. Line 2: Displays the user-entered barometric pressure in inches of Hg. Line 3: Displays the on/off status of the altitude alert feature. When turned on, the information in Line 4 is displayed. • Line 4: Displays the user entered feet above the altitude, selected on the NAV 4 page, to be notified. To use the altitude alert page: 1.
Aerosoft PBY Catalina 1.00 Manual DIRECT-TO PAGE Fig18.1 The Direct-To page is used to enter the Direct-To mode of navigation, whereby the aircraft will start to track directly to the waypoint selected on this page. The Direct-To mode can be entered regardless of whether a flight plan was previously active or not. Simply click on the DIRECT-TO BUTTON, enter the identifier of the waypoint you want to go to, and the KLN 90B will navigate you there.
Stichting Exploitatie Catalina PH - PBY PART B Aircraft Operating Matters COPY NUMBER ________
4 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 4
Part B Revision Record TEMPORARY REVISION RECORD Incorporation of a Temporary Revision to this Manual must be recorded by adding the date and signature in the appropriate column. TR.No Date entered 01 25-05-2006 Incorporated by Date removed 01-04-2006 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 The information contained in this document is the property of Stichting Exploitatie Catalina PH-PBY It must not be used for commercial or other purposes without prior agreement.
Revision Record Part B TEMPORARY REVISION INDEX Opposite to this page, the latest Temporary Revision Index page (on yellow paper) must be inserted; this page contains the “TR no.”, “Effectivity Date”, “Sections Affected”, “Subject” briefly described and “Status”.
Part B Revision Record REVISION RECORD Incorporation of a Revision to this Manual must be recorded by adding the date and signiture in the appropriate column. Revision N° Date entered Incorporated by 00 18-05-2004 SEC 01 25-05-2005 SEC 02 01-04-2006 SEC 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 The information contained in this document is the property of Stichting Exploitatie Catalina PH-PBY. It must not be used for commercial or other purposes without prior agreement.
Revision Record Part B REASON FOR REVISION RECORD Listed is the Revision to this Manual, the Reason for issue of the Revision and the Section involved. Rev. No Reason for Issue Section Initial issue All 01 Max TOM Change to 11.999kg incorporation of water supplement 1,6 App A 02 Water Ops ,Edditorial, of water supplement 2.3.
Part B Section 0 0 ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL OF OPERATIONS MANUAL 0.1 ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL OF OPERATIONS MANUAL 01 02 03 04 05 0.2 Introduction........................................................................................... 0.1.............. 1 Manual System..................................................................................... 0.1.............. 1 Interpretation ........................................................................................ 0.1..............
Section 0 Part B 4 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 4 Rev No: 00 Page: 2 Stichting Catalina PH-PBY May, 2004
Part B 0.1 01 Section 0.1 ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL OF OPERATIONS MANUAL INTRODUCTION The Operations Manual of the Stichting Exploitatie Catalina PH-PBY(further STICAT or Stichting Catalina PH-PBY) is issued in accordance with the Joint Aviation Requirements. The manual is for the use and guidance of all Flight Department personnel, who are to ensure that all flights are planned and executed in accordance with its policies and requirements.
Section 0.1 05 Part B AMENDMENT PROPOSAL FORM AMENDMENT PROPOSAL FORM The following amendment/addition/deletion* is proposed to Part A/B/D/E* Para. ................. of the Operations Manual: *Delete where applicable PROPOSED AMENDMENT: (continue on separate sheet if necessary) REASON FOR AMENDMENT Signature of Proposer: Postholder Flight Operations: Position: Signature: Authorised by: Position: See over for guidelines on the completion of this form.
Part B Section 0.1 Amendment Proposal Form (continued) GUIDELINES ON THE COMPLETION OF THIS FORM 1) Proposed amendments to the Operations Manual will only be considered if submitted on this form. 2) This form should be completed, signed and handed to Manager Flight Operations for comment/approval.
Section 0.
Part B 0.2 Section 0.2 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Section Page Front Rev Rec 1- 4 0 1-2 0.1 1-4 0.2 1 0.2 2 0.3 1-2 0.4 1-6 1.0 1-2 1.1 1 1.1 2 1.2 1 1.2 2-6 1.3 1-2 2.0 1-2 2.1 1-2 2.1 1-6 2.2 1-12 2.3.1 1-2 2.3.2 1-4 2.3.3 1-6 2.3.4 1-2 2.3.5 1-3 2.3.5 4-6 3.0 1-2 3.1 1-18 3.2 1-2 3.3 1-6 4.0 1-2 4.1 1-20 4.1.1 1-4 5 1-2 5.
Section 0.
Part B 0.3 06 Section 0.3 MANUAL BASIS GENERAL In this paragraph, all the relevant publications with their revision status are listed, which are used to compile this Part A 07 PUBLICATIONS JAR-OPS 1 ATA Specification 100 Aircraft operating manual ZK-PBY Aircraft operating manual Enterprise Air inc PBY Training manual C.
Section 0.
Part B 0.4 01 Section 0.4 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFENITIONS ABBREVIATIONS See part A section 0.
Section 0.
Part B Section 1.0 SECTION 1 LIMITATIONS 1.1 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS 01 Airspeed limitations .............................................................................. 1.1.............. 1 1.2 FLYING LIMITATIONS 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1.3 General................................................................................................. 1.2.............. 1 Engine Limitations ...............................................................................
Section 1.
Part B 1.1 01 Section 1.1 AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS AIRSPEED LIMITATIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Section 1.
Part B 1.2 01 Section 1.2 FLYING LIMITATIONS GENERAL The aircraft is designed for duty as a general reconnaissance flying boat. Intentional spinning and aerobatics are prohibited. All flying must be In accordance with STICAT rules and procedures. 02 ENGINE LIMITATIONS Refer to engine operational charts In Section 5.1 03 WAVE HEIGHT LIMITATION Two feet maximum 04 WEIGHT LIMITS Take-off Landing 05 C OF G LIMITATIONS 11999 kg (26458 lbs) 11999 kg (26458 lbs) 11999 KG (26458 IBS) AUW Forward CG.
Section 1.2 09 Part B MINIMUM FLIGHT CREW Ferry flights only 2 Land Operations 3 With passengers 3 Water Operations 3 With passengers 3 1. Pilot 2. Co-pilot 3. A third crewmember is required to give assistance with visual gear checks, attend to passengers when carried, and to help when on the water with the security of the aircraft and mooring procedures.
Part B 13 Section 1.2 POSITION ERROR CORRECTIONS. (PEC) With A.S.I's. connected to the normal static vents the PEC can be ignored. POSITION ERROR CORRECTION USING ALTERNATE STATIC SOURCE. (Switch on co-pilots instrument panel) From To Add 70 90 6 90 100 8 Knots I.A.S. Knots I.A.S.
Section 1.2 14 Part B TAXYING LIMITATIONS Caution should be exercised during taxiing to ensure engine temperatures remain within limits, especially when on the water. When intending to operate on the water the windows and ventilation ports are to be closed to prevent ingress of water. 15 MAXIMUM RANGE Range speed is dependent upon weight. At 26458lbs 92 Kts will give best range. Refer to Section 5 for charts and graphs at other weights, for speeds, fuel consumption and configuration.
Part B Section 1.2 Maximum cylinder head temp 22 200 deg C RPM RANGE RESTRICTIONS To reduce the risk of vibration damage avoid the ranges 1700-1850 RPM and 2450-2550 APM; except as necessary to increase or decrease RPM.
Section 1.
Part B 1.3 Section 1.3 POWERPLANT AND INSTRUMENT MARKINGS INSTRUMENT AND CONDITION Tachometer RPM 1 Max limit 2 Take off or precautionary range 3 Min Limit 1700 RPM 4.Overspeed 3060 RPM 30 sec Manifold Pressure In Hg 1.Maximum Limit 2.Take off or precautionary range 3.Normal Operating Range Cylinder Head Temperature-C 1.Maximum Limit 2 precautionary range 3.Normal Operating Range 4 Minimum Limit Oil Inlet temperature –C 1.Maximum Limit 2 precautionary range 3.
Section 1.
Part B Section 2.0 SECTION 2 FLIGHT TECHNIQUES 2.1 REPRODUCTION NORMAL CHECKLIST 2.2 EXPANDED NORMAL CHECKLIST 2.3.1 OPERATING POLICY 01 General.............................................................................................. 2.3.1.............. 1 2.3.2 CREW COORDINATION AND MONITORING 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2.3.3 NORMAL TAKE OFF 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 2.3.4 General.............................................................................................. 2.3.2..............
Section 2.0 2.3.6 Part B WATER OPERATIONS 01 General .............................................................................................. 2.3.6 ..............
Part B Section 2 2.3.1 GENERAL 1. Operating policy 2. Crew co-ordination and monitoring 2.3.2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. GROUND OPERATION Push back/tow procedures Engine starting Engine starting with battery power only Before taxiing Taxiing 2.3.3 TAKE-OFF AND CLIMB 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2.3.4 Departure crew briefing Take-off powersettings Speeds Normal take-off Rejected take-off Minimum manoeuvring conditions after take-off Climb speed schedule CRUISE AND DESCENT 1. Cruise 2. Descent 2.3.5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Section 2 Part B 2.3.7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 2.3.8 SINGLE ENGINE OPERATION Engine fire/failure before V1 Engine fire/failure during take-off after V1 Single engine climb/cruise or descent Single engine approach and landing Engine fire/failure during approach Single engine go-around CRITICAL FLIGHT CONDITIONS 1.
Part B 2.1 01 Section 2 OPERATING POLICY GENERAL STICAT Standard Operating Policy is laid down in the STICAT Part A. These general policies are not, or only partially, covered in this Part B. To comply with the STICAT standard operating policies, good knowledge of the applicable chapters of the Part A is mandatory. Pilot duties are interchangeable and the crew co-ordination procedure thus use the terminology pilot flying (PF) and pilot not flying (PNF).
Section 2 02 Part B ASSIGNMENT OF DUTIES The assignment of the first officer to PF duties is SCD and preferably done during preflight preparation and with the intention that he fulfills these duties for the whole flight. 03 CHANGING OVER CONTROLS Should the captain wish to take over control ,or the PF wish to resume controls he will clearly state: “MY CONTROLS'. Should the PF wish to hand over control he will clearly state: 'YOURCONTROLS'. This transfer of control shall be acknowledged.
Part B Section 2 It is essential that a positive confirmation of a BRAKES ON/OFF request is obtained when communicating with the ground engineer. 06 ENGINE STARTING After start-up approval has been obtained by the PNF and the Before Starting Checklist has been completed, the engines are started. Engine starting will be done according the crew co-ordination procedure below. The PF devotes his full attention to starting the engines and monitors the engine parameters.
Section 2 Part B FLIGHT PHASE/EVENT Start approval PF Contact ground engineer for starting right hand engine by hand signal. Call: 'CHECK RIGHT HAND ENGINE' Call: 'STARTING RIGHT HAND ENGINE' Push starter switch to right hand engine Check and call: 'STARTER LIGHT ON' and count 12 blades IF ANY HESITATION IN THE ROTATION OF THE PROPELLER, RELEASE THE STARTER SWITCH AND INVESTIGATE.
Part B 08 Section 2 BEFORE TAXIING Complete Before Taxi Checklist. Both pilots should confirm that the area around the aircraft is free of obstacles before commencing taxiing. 09 TAXIING During taxiing the locks, including the rudder lock, should be removed. The purpose of the rudder lock is to prevent damage to the rudder caused by wind when the aircraft is left unattended.
Section 2 2.2 Part B DEPARTURE CREW BRIEFING Within the Normal Checklist two references to crew briefing requirements prior to departure will be found. The PF will conduct the crew briefing in accordance with the requirements outlined below.
Part B Section 2 2.2.1 NORMAL TAKE-OFF 01 TAKE-OFF POWER SETTING The standard take-off power setting is 48’ MAP/2700 RPM 02 SPEEDS Take-off speed V1 = 83 kts IAS (is Vmca) - Speed Relations Vmca = 83kts IAS Vr = 1,05* Vmca = 87 kts IAS V2 = 1,1 * Vmca = 91 kts IAS 03 NORMAL TAKE OFF When lined up, compass heading and aircraft position should be checked for positive runway identification.
Section 2 Part B Normal Take Off Crew Coordination FLIGHT PHASE Commencing the takeoff roll PF • Hold control column and set aileron into the wind • Release the brakes • Advance throttles to 30’MAP and call: “SET TAKE OFF POWER. Move hand up the throttles in order to be still able to reject the take off. • Move hand down.
Part B 04 Section 2 REJECTED TAKE-OFF Rejection of a take-off at high speed can be hazardous, in particular when the runway length and/or condition is critical from a performance point of view. The decision to reject may only be made before V1. The rejection of the take-off should be restricted to: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) All observed failures and/or exceedances. An engine failure An engine fire Conditions, which render the aircraft clearly unflyable e.g. jammed controls, fire, explosions etc.
Section 2 Part B RTO PROCEDURE FLIGHT PHASE/EVENT Rejected Take off Aircraft stopped PF Pull throttles to idle. Apply full brakes. Relief nose wheel by gently pulling back the control column. Call: “SET PARKING BRAKE” PNF MonMonitor procedure to stop Aircraft. Helps pulling back the control column Sets parking brake State nature of failure Confirmation of failure and evaluation of situation Captain Command: ‘TAKEACTION’ First Officer Perform applicable actions or procedures.
Part B Section 2 2.2.2 MINIMUM MANOEUVRING CONDITIONS AFTER TAKE-OFF Minimum altitude and speed for turns after take-off • During normal departures adhere to minimum altitude of 500 ft HAA. •During special engine-out procedures adhere to minimum altitude of 100 ft HAA with speed 87 kts and not more than 15° AoB. •Compliance with noise abatement procedures always remains SCD and should be consistent with the safety of flight.
Section 2 Part B 2.2.3 CLIMB CRUISE DESCENT 01 CLIMB SPEED SCHEDULE – Normal climb speed..............................................90-95 kts. – Maximum gradient of climb speed...................…..91 kts – Maximum rate of climb speed is ……...................95 kts.
Part B Section 2 2.2.4 APPROACH AND LANDING 01 APPROACH POLICY In general all approaches should be flown stabilized. 'Stabilized' means: - Established 90 kts IAS - Stabilized power (20”MAP/ 2050 RPM) To avoid harmful vibrations and counter weight distress, power settings should adhere to the rule that for every 1”of MAP there should not be more than 100 RPM. If the MAP is 20”, the RPM should not exceed 2000. For this reason we recommend to fly a visual glide path of 2°. Threshold crossing speed is1.
Section 2 04 Part B APPROACH CREW CO-ORDINATION PROCEDURE Flight phase or event Down wind stabilized, 90 kts and gear down On final and landing assured In the flare PF PNF • Call: ‘LANDING CHECKLIST’ • Reduce speed to cross the threshold with 80 kts • Call: “PROPS FULL FINE” Perform • Move propellers full fine Assist • • KEEP NOSE OFF THE Established in landing roll • GROUND AS LONG AS POSSIBLE AND USE AS AERODYNAMIC BRAKING • if needed apply brakes until speed is reduced to taxi speed •Keep t
Part B 05 NORMAL LANDING – – – – 06 Section 2 Aim to cross the runway threshold with 85 kts Flare to a slightly nose-up attitude and retard the power levers smoothly to idle. Do not prolong the flare. After touchdown on the main wheels keep the nose wheel off the ground as long as possible to avoid shimmy. CROSSWIND LANDING On final approach maintain runway alignment by crabbing into the wind.
Section 2 08 Part B GO-AROUND The go-around procedure has to be initiated when the approach has to be abandoned. Go-Around requirements: – Quick and correct power application. – Stopping of sink rate by proper rotation. – Speed at least 90-85 kts during the procedure.
Part B Section 2 For crew co-ordination, refer to AOM 2.3.3/5. 2. ENGINE FIRE/FAILURE DURING TAKE-OFF AFTER V1 • For failures after V1 also refer to AOM 2.3.3/5. • For crew co-ordination also refer to AOM 2.3.1/2, Emergency/Abnormal Operation. If an engine fails after V1, the take-off should be continued. The first indication of a loss in thrust is a drop in manifold pressure. The minimum speed is in all the segments is V2 (87 kts). Use rudder and aileron trim as required.
Section 2 Part B ENGINE FAILURE/FIRE DURING TAKE-OFF AFTER V1 FLIGHT PHASE/EVENT Engine fire/failure PF • • Apply ailerons towards live engine to ensure wings level. At Vr • Rotate smoothly to appropriate attitude Airborne positive climb • Call: 'GEAR UP' In case of engine failure/fire • Call: 'TAKE ACTION Initial climb. • Maintain speed, minimum V2 • • Call: “SET METO POWER” When appropriate • Call: ’EMERGENCY CHECKLIST’ • Call: ’AFTER TAKE-OFF CHECKLIST’ PNF • State nature of failure.
Part B Section 2 3. SINGLE ENGINE CLIMB/CRUISE OR DESCENT When an engine fails during climb, cruise or descent, take action according the Emergency checklist and set METO power on the live engine. Single engine climb performance and single engine ceiling are based on the use of METO Power and V2.If present altitude can not be maintained and terrain clearance is a factor, set METO power and decelerate to V2. Descent with METO power and V2 and check drift down restrictions.
Section 2 Part B Note: • When applying power on remaining engine be prepared to use coarse aileron and rudder, particularly at low speeds. • 1. Climb to circuit altitude or follow published Missed Approach Procedure. OVERWEIGHT LANDING • In case technical or operational reasons require a landing at a weight above the maximum landing weight: Check available landing distance and perform a normal approach and landing.
Part B Stichting Catalina PH-PBY 18 May, 2004 Section 2 Rev No: 00 Page: 23
Part B Section 2 REPRODUCTION NORMAL CHECKLIST Stichting Catalina PH-PBY 25 May, 2005 Rev No: 01 Page: 1
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Part B Section 2 Walk Around Outside External Damage to Airframe ..............................................Check Evidence of Fuel, Oil, Hydraulic Leaks................................Check Evidence of Water Leaking .................................................Check All Covers ............................................................................Remove Hull and Float Drain Plugs...................................................Check in External Control Clamps ................................
Section 2 Part B Power Up All Electrical Switches ......................................................... Off Master Magneto and Switches............................................ Off Gear Lever.......................................................................... Down Battery Quick Disconnect.................................................... Connect Battery Master Switch ......................................................... On Battery Voltage ................................................
Part B Section 2 Cockpit Preparation Circuit Breakers...................................................................Check Hull and Float Drain Plugs...................................................Check Clamps ................................................................................On board NLG scissor pin ...................................................................Installed Gear locks (3X) ...................................................................
Section 2 Part B Before Starting Battery Master Switch ......................................................... On Access Ladder, Tail Stand .................................................. Stowed Windows Doors and Hatches.............................................. Closed Rudder Pedals and Seats ................................................... Adjusted Cowl Gills............................................................................ Open Radio Master Switch ..................................
Part B Section 2 Before Take Off (land + sea) Gear ....................................................................................Check Transponder ........................................................................Set Magneto’s............................................................................Both Carburetor Heat...................................................................Cold Landing and Strobe Lights ..................................................On Pitot Heat...............
Section 2 Part B Approach Fuel Cocks.......................................................................... R.o.R./L.o.L. Mixtures .............................................................................. Auto Rich Carburetor Heat .................................................................. Cold Cowl Gills............................................................................ Set Landing Lights ....................................................................
Part B Section 2 Landing (Sea) Gear ....................................................................................Up Check Nose Wheel Doors ..............................................................Closed Wing Floats .........................................................................Sby/Down Booster Pumps....................................................................Set Prop Levers .........................................................................TO GO Cabin....................
Section 2 Part B Taxi In Rudder Lock ....................................................................... On Cowl Gills............................................................................ Open Landing / Strobe Lights ....................................................... Off Pitot Heat. ........................................................................... Off Carburettor heat.................................................................. Off Transponder ...............................
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Section 2 Part B Full Feather Check Every 30 days a full feather check has to be completed according to Hamilton standard sb 657 This check is done after a flight. GPU ................................................................... connect Temps and Pressure ......................................... Check Mixtures ............................................................. I.C.O. Magnetos .......................................................... off Feather button #1 ...............................
Part B 2.2 Section 2.2 EXPANDED CHECKLIST Power Up All Electrical Switches..................................................................... – Check all electrical switches are off – Check all bilge pump switches are off – Check battery master switch is off Master Magneto and Switches......................................................... – Check master magneto is pulled – Check magneto switches are in off position Off Off Gear Lever................................................................
Section 2.2 First Flight Of The Day Emergency Equipment..................................................................... – Check Fire Axe – Check Fire extinguishers on date and condition – Check Fire gloves – Check Megaphone – Check Life vests – Check Flashlights Part B Check Bilge Pumps..................................................................................... – Check each one of the bilge pumps on running while – listening, only when water operation is intended Check Static Selector...
Part B Section 2.2 Cockpit Preparation Circuit Breakers............................................................................... Check – Check if the circuit breakers on the box situated left of the PF, the instrument panel, the emergency shut off panel and on the electric panel are all in Hull and Float Drain Plugs............................................................... – Check if the plugs are all in and box is empty and on board Check Clamps...............................................
Section 2.2 Part B Weight and Balance........................................................................ – Check on board and completed Complete Briefing............................................................................................ Complete Before Starting Battery Master Switch...................................................................... On Access Ladder, Tail Stand, Sea Stands.......................................... Stowed Windows Doors and Hatches...................
Part B Section 2.2 Before Taxi Oil Pressure.................................................................................... – Check oil pressure between 80-100 psi Check Booster Pumps............................................................................. Off Fuel Pressure.................................................................................. – Check fuel pressure between 14-16 psi Check Hydraulic/ Brake Pressure...............................................................
Section 2.2 Taxi Out Brakes.............................................................................................. – Check brakes and announce Gyro’s and Instruments.................................................................... – Check gyro’s in turn – Check instruments Part B Check Check Carburetor Heat (First Flight Only)................................................
Part B Section 2.2 Carburetor Heat.............................................................................. Cold – Check carburetor valve lights are out – Check if 2 min. have passed since last movement of the valves before commencing T/O Cowl Gills...................................................................................... – Close cowl gills and open them to trail position – Check generators on-line Above 1200 RPM Trail Magneto’s...........................................................
Section 2.2 Part B After Take Off Gear and Floats………………………………………………….. Up – In case of land take off check gear fully up and gear handle is locked – Check if amber nose door closed light is on – Check if red gear up and locked light is on – In case of water take off check if floats are visually up – Check that float motor stopped running – Set float switch in neutral position Power……………………………………………………………….. . . . .Set – State required pwr and check Temps and Pressures……………………………………………..
Part B Section 2.2 Approach Fuel Cocks……………………………………………………………… R.o.R./L.o.L. Mixtures…………………………………………………………........... Auto Rich Carburetor Heat………………………………………………………… As Required Cowl Gills……………………………………………………………….. As Required Landing Lights………………………………………………………….. On Fasten Seat Belts and No Smoking………………………………….. On – Inform cabin verbally “cabin crew prepare for landing” this must be – approximately 10 minutes before landing. Temps and Pressures………………………………………………….
Section 2.2 Landing (Sea) Gear……………………………………………………………………. – Check if red gear up and locked light is on _ Check physically and visually if main gear is up and locked _ Check visually if nose gear is up through aft window Nose Wheel Doors……………………………………………………. – Check if amber nose door closed light is on – Check visually on daylight in nose wheel compartment Wing Floats…………………………………………………………….
Part B Section 2.2 After Parking/Docking Parking Brake............................…………………………………. A/R Rudder Lock..............................………………………………... On ELT Guard Frequency......................…………………………... Check – Check with 121.5 on VHF if ELT is off GPS......................................…………………………………… Off Nav Lights...............................………………………………… Off Internal lighting………………………………………………….. Off Mixtures……………………………………………………………. I.C.O.
Section 2.2 Part B Termination All covers...............…………………………………………………. Install External Control Clamps..................……………………………… Install Gear External Locks......................……………………………….. Install Hull and Float Drain Plugs...............……………………………… Remove Chocks...................................……………………………………... In Place Parking Brake............................…………………………………... Release Cowl Gills...............................…………………………………..…. Close Battery Quick Disconnect.
Part B Section 2.3.1 2.3.1 OPERATING POLICY 01 GENERAL Stichting Exploitatie Catalina PH-PBY Standard Operating Policy (SEC)is laid down in the SEC Part A. These general policies are not, or only partially, covered in this Part B. To comply with the Stichting Exploitatie Catalina PH-PBY standard operating policies, good knowledge of the applicable chapters of the Part A is mandatory.
Section 2.3.
Part B Section 2.3.2 2.3.2 CREW COORDINATION AND MONITORING 01 GENERAL During all phases of flight good crew co-ordination and communication will enable the crew to be permanently aware of each other's actions, aircraft configuration, system status, aircraft position and ATC communication. All crew actions and tasks are to be monitored by each pilot. Errors in judgment or deviations from standard procedures are to be reported at once to the other pilot.
Section 2.3.2 Part B All actions related to the handling of the aircraft shall be made by the PNF upon command of the PF. Before making the selection the PNF will convince himself that operating limitations and flight procedures allow the configuration or power change; if not, he will inform the PF accordingly. Commands of which completion requires some time (gear and power selections), shall be repeated by the PNF and acknowledged as soon as the desired position or action has been obtained or completed.
Part B Section 2.3.2 FLIGHT PHASE/EVENT Start approval PF Contact ground engineer for starting right hand engine by hand signal. Call: 'CHECK RIGHT HAND ENGINE' Call: 'STARTING RIGHT HAND ENGINE' Push starter switch to right hand engine Check rotation and count 12 blades IF ANY HESITATION IN THE ROTATION OF THE PROPELLER, RELEASE THE STARTER SWITCH AND INVESTIGATE.
Section 2.3.2 08 Part B BEFORE TAXIING Complete Before Taxi Checklist. Both pilots should confirm that the area around the aircraft is free of obstacles before commencing taxiing. 09 TAXIING During taxiing the controllocks, should be removed. The rudderlock may be set until after run-up checks. The purpose of the rudder lock is to prevent damage to the rudder caused by wind when the aircraft is left unattended.
Part B Section 2.3.3 2.3.3 NORMAL TAKE-OFF 01 DEPARTURE CREW BRIEFING Within the Normal Checklist two references to crew briefing requirements prior to departure will be found. The PF will conduct the crew briefing in accordance with the requirements outlined below.
Section 2.3.3 02 Part B NORMAL TAKE-OFF TAKE-OFF POWER SETTING The standard take-off power setting is 48’ MAP/2700 RPM SPEEDS Take-off speed V1 = 83 kts IAS (is Vmca) - Speed Relations Vmca = 83kts IAS Vr = 1,05* Vmca = 87 kts IAS V2 = 1,1 * Vmca = 91 kts IAS Operational Vyse/V2 is 90 kts When lined up, compass heading and aircraft position should be checked for positive runway identification. Where obstacles or noise abatement require such, this procedure should be amended accordingly.
Part B Section 2.3.3 Normal Take Off Crew Coordination FLIGHT PHASE Commencing the takeoff roll PF • Hold control column full aft and set aileron into the wind • Release the brakes • Advance throttles to 30’MAP and call: “SET TAKE OFF POWER”.
Section 2.3.3 03 Part B REJECTED TAKE-OFF Rejection of a take-off at high speed can be hazardous, in particular when the runway length and/or condition is critical from a performance point of view. The decision to reject may only be made before V1. Once airborne and gear is selected up a rejected TO should also not be made, this because it may be possible that the aircraft is already airborne before V1.
Part B Section 2.3.3 RTO PROCEDURE FLIGHT PHASE/EVENT Rejected Take off Aircraft stopped PF Pull throttles to idle. Apply brakes. Relief nose wheel by pulling back the control column. Call: “SET PARKING BRAKE” PNF Monitor procedure to stop Aircraft.
Section 2.3.3 05 Part B FAILURES AFTER V1 The PF devotes full attention to fly the aircraft, while the PNF states the nature of the failure. In case of engine failures refer to Part B section 3.3 06 MINIMUM MANOEUVRING CONDITIONS AFTER TAKE-OFF Minimum altitude and speed for turns after take-off – During normal departures adhere to minimum altitude of 200 ft HAA. – During special engine-out procedures adhere to minimum altitude of 100 ft HAA with speed 90 kts and not more than 15° AoB.
Part B Section 2.3.4 2.3.4 CLIMB CRUISE DESCENT 01 CLIMB SPEED SCHEDULE – – – – 02 Normal climb speed...............................................95 kts. Maximum gradient of climb speed...................…..91 kts Maximum rate of climb speed is ……...................95 kts.
Section 2.3.
Part B Section 2.3.5 2.3.5 APPROACH AND LANDING 01 APPROACH POLICY In general all approaches should be flown stabilized. 'Stabilized' means: – Established 90 kts IAS – Stabilized power (20”MAP/ 2050 RPM) Threshold crossing speed is1.3 Vstall wich is approximately 75 Kts 02 ARRIVAL CREW BRIEFING It is recommended to perform the arrival crew briefing while at cruising altitude.
Section 2.3.
Part B 05 NORMAL LANDING – – – – 06 Section 2.3.5 Aim to cross the runway threshold with 70 kts Flare to a slightly nose-up attitude and retard the power levers smoothly to idle. Do not prolong the flare. After touchdown on the main wheels keep the nose wheel off the ground as long as possible to avoid shimmy. CROSSWIND LANDING On final approach maintain runway alignment by crabbing into the wind.
Section 2.3.
Part B Section 3.0 SECTION 3 ABNORMAL FLIGHT TECHNIQUES 3.1 REPRODUCTION EMERGENCY CHECKLIST 3.2 EXPANDED EMERGENCY CHECKLIST 3.3 ABNORMAL FLIGHT TECHNIQUES 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Go around ............................................................................................ 3.3.............. 1 Wave Off .............................................................................................. 3.3.............. 1 Engine Failure before V1....................................................
Section 3.
Part B Section EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Table of Contents 1-3 PART 1 GENERAL Emergency Airspeeds Single Engine Operation Determining inoperative Engine Emergency Descent Emergency Exits Pre Take -Off Emergency Briefing (on the ground & during Take-off) Cross feed Operation Alternate Static Air Source Aircraft Ventilation PART 2 ENGINE FAILURE PROCEDURES General Decision Speed Versus Airborne Speed During Take-Off below 80 Kts During Take-Off above 80 Kts Engine Failure in Flight (General) Engine Failure
Section Part B Auxiliary Electric Hydraulic Pump Emergency Hydraulic Hand Pump Emergency Main Gear Operation Diagram Fig 311 Emergency Nose Gear Operation Diagram Fig 312 Emergency Landing Gear Operation Main Gear Nose Gear Emergency Brake Operation PART6 01 ELECTRICAL FAILURES GENERATOR FAILURE Radio Failure Boiling Batteries Electrical Smoke or Fire Starter Engaged Warning Light On Emergency Float Operation Emergency Float Operation Diagram PART 7 Equipment Checklist Engine Fire Extinguisher Cabin Fi
Part B Section PART 8 ABNORMAL LANDINGS General Gear Up Landing Nose Wheel Shimmy Over-Heated Brakes Landing Without Brakes Impact Drill PART 9 33 33 34 34 35 35 PILOT INCAPACITATION General Captain Incapacitated First Officer Incapacitated PART 10 36 36 37 CREW DUTIES DURING EMERGENCIES Captain's Duties -Emergency Landing (Land) First Officer's Duties -Emergency Landing (Land) AQM I C/A's Duties -Emergency Landing (Land) Captain's Duties -Ditching First Officer's Duties -Ditching AQM I CIA's Duti
Section 3.1 01 Part B GENERAL EMERGENCY/ABNORMAL OPERATION Procedure priorities are: 1) Fly Aircraft 2) Memory items 3) Emergency checklist 4) Normal checklist 5) Part B 6) Inform ATC and Passengers 02 CREW CO-ORDINATION PROCEDURE: Either pilot announces the applicable emergency/abnormal condition. The PF commands 'TAKE ACTION' .If the applicable procedure contains memory items:Both pilots perform their respective memory items, and confirm completion by calling ‘MEMORY ITEMS COMPLETED’.
Part B 05 Section SINGLE ENGINE OPERATION Two major factors govern single engine operation Airspeed and, Directional Control. The aircraft can be safely manoeuvred and trimmed for hands off flight provided sufficient airspeed is maintained. To assist with directional control at lower airspeeds the use of shallow (<10 degrees) bank towards the live engine is permissible.
Section Part B FIRE ON THE GROUND Throttles Brakes Mixtures Fuel Boost pumps FWSO valves Cowl flaps Fire extinguisher Fire extinguisher Closed Stop / Park Idle Cut-off Off Pull handles Closed Select No 1 or No 2 Discharge PNF:Vacate to main cabin, assist passenger and crew evacuation, be last to leave. PF:Notify ATC, Ignition off, Emergency Lights ON, Battery master switch OFF. Vacate via overhead hatch, assist passengers outside aircraft.
Part B Section 3.2.1 EMERGENCY DURING TAKE-OFF 01 GENERAL Never attempt to pull the nose of the aircraft up before sufficient airspeed has been obtained. Banks must be made towards the live engine (dead engine high).
Section 03 Part B ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT (GENERAL) Land as soon as practicable. Continued flight on one engine cannot be assured with the remaining engine being asked to perform at an unusually high power setting. The aircraft should be clean, and attitude sacrificed to maintain speed thus preserving the remaining engine with due regard for safety.
Part B Section CLEAN UP CHECKS Suction Fuel Cowl Flaps Ignition Generators Hydraulics ATC 05 Check Cross feed as required, check range options Closed on dead engine Off on dead engine Check charge rate If starboard engine failed use Aux Pump Advise of requirements, review options ENGINE FAILURE DURING APPROACH Same as for engine failure After Take-off (below Safe Altitude) Feather engine immediately Review options for gear down, Use auxiliary hydraulic pump if necessary.
Section 07 Part B SINGLE ENGINE CIRCUIT Normal circuit procedures are to be followed with the exception that the gear is not to be lowered until a landing is assured. Maintain a minimum of 87 Kts in the circuit pattern and only reduce this to 85 Kts on final approach once the landing is assured. The gear may then be lowered and power reduced.
Part B 09 Section FEATHERING Battery power and engine oil in the feathering sump are necessary to enable the propeller to feather completely. If the propeller will not feather then set it at minimum RPM where it will windmill. The severe drag in this situation makes a landing inevitable. The aircraft will not stay airborne even with Take-Off power in this condition.
Section 10 11 Part B UNFEATHERING (MIN SPEED 90 KTS) Fuel Booster Pump Mixture Propeller Throttle Ignition On On Idle Cut-off Minimum RPM Set minimum power On both Feather Button Mixture Warm up 1600/25" Temps and pressures Cowl flaps Generators Power In ………Pullout at 800 RPM Auto Lean Cyl head temp 120°C Satisfactory A/R On -check load Adjust to Cruise SIMULATED ASYMMETRIC FLIGHT Simulated asymmetric flight in the Catalina can be achieved by throttling back the 'dead' engine to 15" manifold pressur
Part B 12 Section ENGINE FIRE DURING START This type of fire is usually associated with the carburettor. The aim is to induct the fumes and/or fire back into the air intake.
Section 14 Part B ENGINE FIRE IN THE AIR (INCLUDING ON TAKE-OFF ABOVE 83 KNOTS) The procedure is to shut down the affected engine, extinguish the fire and land as soon as possible. Single engined flight procedures as listed in this manual are to be followed. ENGINE FIRE *Mixtures...........…………………………………………. Auto Rich *Prop Lever.........…………………………………………. Full Fine *Power lever.......………………………………………….. Add on Live *Aux. Hydraulic Pump.……..……………………………. On *Gear/Floats........………………………………………….
Part B 15 Section WING FIRE Actions depend upon circumstances, but the probability is that a wing fire is engine related. Carry out engine fire drill on the engine, discharge the extinguisher as required, inform ATC and land as soon as possible. Turn affected Wing fuel tank selector OFF and check Cross Feed is OFF. 16 CABIN FIRE Isolate seat of fire, use hand extinguishers and when fire is out ventilatie the aircraft. The extinguishers carried on PBY are non toxic but do deprive the fire of oxygen.
Section 18 Part B RUNAWAY PROPELLER The indication of a ruaway propeller will be an unexpected and continuing increase in RPM which cannot be contained by using RPM controls or reducing manifold pressure. This will probably be accompanied by a sudden increase in noise from the now ungoverned engine.
Part B Section PART 5 HYDRAULIC EMERGENCIES EMERGENCY HYDRAULICS SYSTEM OPERATION 19 AUXILIARY ELECTRIC HYDRAULIC PUMP Normal back-up for the hydraulic system is the electric hydraulic pump situated on the forward bulkhead in the Galley near the top of the fuselage. This pump drains outboard to Starboard and the drain should be checked during Preflight to ensure that no leakage is occurring. The switch for this pump is located on the Yoke.
Section 21 Part B FIG 3/1 Fig 3/2 Rev No: 00 Page: 18 Stichting Catalina PH-PBY 18 May, 2004
Part B Stichting Catalina PH-PBY 18 May, 2004 Section Rev No: 00 Page: 19
Section 22 Part B EMERGENCY LANDING GEAR OPERATION MAIN GEAR If gear failure is not due to loss of hydraulic pressure and gear will not cycle as selected, check hydraulic pressure and repeat selection of up/down position. Pressure should be more than 800psi. If unsuccessful in raising gear return for landing after carrying out the following actions. Also if gear will not lower, then: Refer to diagram.
Part B 24 Section EMERGENCY BRAKE OPERATION As the brake mechanism relies upon hydraulic pressure for its operation it is essential that a minimum of 600 psi is in the system for the brakes to work correctly. Without hydraulic oil the hydraulic system will be inoperative, including the auxiliary pump and hand pump, but the emergency brake pressure cylinder is air pressurised to 600 psi. This is sufficient pressure to allow 4- 5 brake applications should the fluid in the brake system still be intact.
Section Part B PART 6 25 ELECTRICAL FAILURES GENERATOR FAILURE The failure of one generator is not serious as the normal electrical load is able to be supplied by either generator by itself. Frequent monitoring of the generator load during flight is necessary to determine that the generators are functioning correctly. Normal charge rate is between 5 and 20 amps at 26-28 volts depending upon the state of the batteries. Maximum charge rate of either generator is 40 amps.
Part B Section If the charge rate remains uncontrollable, and it has been determined that equipment failure is not the cause then the generators must be left Off and the flight continued as for Generator Failure above.
Section 28 Part B STARTER ENGAGED WARNING LIGHT ON After engine start, should the starter relay remain engaged the starter will remain energised. The Starter Engaged Warning Light will remain illuminated indicating that damage will occur to the starter system and/or electrical system should the situation persist.
Part B PART 7 Section EMERGENCYEQUIPMENT EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST An Emergency Equipment Checklist is detailed on page 32 at the end of this section. All items are to be checked during the Preflight Inspection by either the Pilot or a designated crew member responsible for that part of the Preflight Inspection. ENGINE FIRE EXTINGUISHER The engine fire extinguisher bottle is located behind the Captains seat on the Flight Deck and is filled with a mixture of CO2 and Argon.
Section 31 Part B PORTABLE LOUD HAILER (10 WATT) A portable load hailer is stowed in the toilet area behind the Co-Pilot. Follow directions on the loud hailers case. The hailer is effective up to 250 meters and has a useful working life of six (6) hour. 32 FIRST AID KITS Two types of First Aid Kits are carried 1 Standard Kit. 2 Daily Kit For use in emergencies as authorised by the Captain. A record is to be kept of use for replacement.
Part B 34 Section LIFE RAFTS Life rafts will be carried as determined by CAA rules, The type of life raft and complete operating instructions will be available prior to the flight and a complete briefing is to be given to crew and passengers before Take-Off. Sufficient space on rafts will be available for all persons on the aircraft 35 TORCHES Three dry cell torches are provided on the aircraft.
Section Part B PART 8 38 ABNORMAL LANDINGS GENERAL The amphibian configuration presents the crew with more than the usual abnormal landing possibilities. However, the water landing capability also presents a great safety factor in the face ( a forced landing emergency (more options). It is imperative that drills are followed precisely so that a situation is not worsened by landing in the incorrect configuration for the surface.
Part B 40 Section NOSE WHEEL SHIMMY Nose wheel shimmy is hard on the nose wheel structuren and very damaging to the nose wheel tyre. The shimmy can be the result of mishandling during the run out,or through mechanical problems in the shimmy damper or wheel balance. The correct action is to prevent It occurring and to minimise its effect.
Section Part B Once on the ground consider shut down of both engines, fuel cocks, ignition and battery master switchesturned off on the run out It may be necessary towards the end of the run to steer the aircraft onto the grass to use up momentum, or to avoid collision. The safest option will have to be assessed at the time. Retracting the gear whilst moving is likely to cause considerable damage and must only be the last resort to bring the aircraft to a stop.
Part B PART 9 43 Section PILOT INCAPACITATION GENERAL If the pilot becomes incapacitated the aircraft and passengers are immediately placed at risk. In PBY where two Pilots will be available the problem is of a less severe nature. Nevertheless there may be times when only one qualified Pilot will be on board such as on training flights, and It is necessary for all to be on the alert for signs of crew incapacitation.
Section Part B PART 10 CAPTAINS CREW DUTIES DURING EMERGENCIES DUTIES -EMERGENCY LANDING (LAND) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Advise Crew and Pax of emergency and intentions. Advise AOM / CA of time to landing. Brief First Officer in detail of intended actions. Use Emergency checklists After landing supervise Pax evacuation. Last out through main door.(Torch, First Aid, Supplies, ELBA) FIRST OFFICER 1 2 3 4 5 Assist Captain in planning landing. Use Emergency checklist -wheels up landing this section.
Part B 4 5 Section Assist in evacuation where possible Board life raft as requested. Assume senior position on raft AQM-CIA'S DUTIES DITCHING Inform and reassure passengers. Ensure all crew and pax strapped in correctly Detail crew to launch life raft and open hatches. Advise Captain when aircraft prepared for ditching. After landing, supervise evacuation with Captain Retrieve ELBA, Torches, First Aid kit and Emergency Supplies then board life raft. Crew and pax check away from aircraft.
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Part B Stichting Catalina PH-PBY 18 May, 2004 Section Rev No: 00 Page: 35
Part B Section 3.
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Section 3.1 Part B FIRE AT ENGINE START *Throttles ....................................................................Open *Mixtures.....................................................................Idle Cut Off *Fuel booster pumps...................................................OFF *Fuel Selector .............................................................OFF *Starter........................................................................
Section 3.1 Part B ENGINE SHUTDOWN / FIRE AFTER V1 ‘TAKE ACTION’ *Mixtures ....................................................................Full Rich *Propellers .................................................................MAX RPM (full Fine) *Throttles ...................................................................Take-Off Power *Gear/Floats ...............................................................Selected up *Aux Hydraulic pump ..................................................
Part B Section 3.1 ENGINE TROUBLE CHECKS IF TIME PERMITS Fuel ............................................................................ Check Engine ........................................................................ Check Ignition ....................................................................... On, check L, R, Both Icing ........................................................................... Carb hot Mechanical ................................................................
Section 3.1 Part B UNFEATHERING (MIN SPEED 90 KTS) Fuel ............................................................................ON Booster Pump ............................................................ON Mixture .......................................................................Idle Cut-off Propeller ....................................................................Minimum RPM Throttle .......................................................................Set minimum power Ignition ..........
Part B Section 3.1 CABIN FIRE Fire ............................................................................. Isolate and Extinguish Ventilate ..................................................................... A/R BRAKE FIRE Aircraft ....................................................................... Stop Brakes ....................................................................... Do NOT set Park Brake Engines ..................................................................... Stop ATC ....
Section 3.1 Part B EMERGENCY HYDRAULICS SYSTEM OPERATION Aux electrical Hydraulic pump.....................................ON Pressure .....................................................................Check If No pressure Indicated Hydraulic Hand Pump .................................................Operate Pressure .....................................................................
Part B Section 3.1 LOW FUEL QUANTITY Fuel gauge ................................................................. Check Fuel Boost pump ........................................................ ON Fuel pressure ............................................................ Check IF Fuel pressure Normal............................................. Continue flight land ASAP IF Fuel Pressure NOT Normal ...................................
Section 3.1 Part B ELECTRICAL Normal operating limits Volts............................................................................26-28 Amps ..........................................................................5-20 Max Amps...................................................................40 TOTAL LOSS ELECTRICAL POWER Generators..................................................................Check / OFF Battery master switch .................................................
Part B Section 3.1 EMERGENCY LANDING GEAR OPERATION Emergency gear up Hydraulic pressure ..................................................... Check (min 800 psi) Gear ........................................................................... recycle Emergency main gear down 1 2 3 4 Leave gear selected "DOWN" Release wheel up locks by pulling out the "T" handles at the main wheel wells and turning handles 90 Degrees Work gear down by rocking aircraft and yawing from side to side, or push out by hand.
Section 3.1 Part B EMERGENCY FLOAT OPERATION WARNING: Before starting manual float operation place operating switches on yoke to "OFF", and isolate the float electrical system by turning the float power switch to "OFF" at the Main Distribution Panel. If the electrical system fails the floats may be operated manually: To lower floats 1 Remove the crank handle from the bulkhead in the Galley. 2 Engage crank in "FAST" socket and crank anti clockwise.
Part B Section 3.1 ABNORMAL LANDINGS GEAR UP LANDING ON LAND Preparation CA .............................................................................. Inform ATC ............................................................................ Inform Transponder ............................................................... 7700 Loose equipment........................................................ Stow Land & evacuation procedures................................... Review Fuel weight ...................
Section 3.
Part B Section 3.1 ON GROUND EMERGENCY *Throttles ................................................................... Closed *Parking Brake .......................................................... Set *Mixtures ................................................................... ICO *Fuel Boost pumps .................................................... OFF *FWSO valves ........................................................... Closed IF FIRE IS INDICATED *Cowl flaps .....................................
Part B 3.2 Section 3.
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Part B 3.3 01 Section 3.3 ABNORMAL FLIGHT TEGNIQUES GO-AROUND The go-around procedure has to be initiated when the approach has to be abandoned. Make sure to select prop RPM before setting TO PWR Go-Around requirements: – Quick and correct power application. – Stopping of sink rate by proper rotation. – Speed at least 90-85 kts during the procedure.
Section 3.3 03 Part B ENGINE FIRE/FAILURE BEFORE V1 Reject the take-off. For crew co-ordination, refer to Part B 2.3.3 03. 04 ENGINE FIRE/FAILURE DURING TAKE-OFF AFTER V1 If an engine fails after V1, the take-off should be continued. The first indication of a loss in thrust is a drop in manifold pressure. Accelerate 90 kts in ground effect and clbThe minimum speed is in all the segments is V2 (87 kts). Use rudder and aileron trim as required.
Part B Section 3.3 ENGINE FAILURE/FIRE DURING TAKE-OFF AFTER V1 FLIGHT PHASE/EVENT Engine fire/failure PF • Apply ailerons towards live engine to ensure wings level. Airborne positive climb in ground effect. • Call: 'GEAR UP' Accelerate 90 kts • Call: 'TAKE ACTION’ Initial climb.
Section 3.3 05 Part B SINGLE ENGINE CLIMB/CRUISE OR DESCENT When an engine fails during climb, cruise or descent, take action according the Emergency checklist and set METO power on the live engine. Single engine climb performance and single engine ceiling are based on the use of METO Power and V2.If present altitude can not be maintained and terrain clearance is a factor, set METO power and decelerate to V2. Descent with METO power and V2 and check drift down restrictions.
Part B 09 Section 3.3 OVERWEIGHT LANDING – In case technical or operational reasons require a landing at a weight above the maximum landing weight: Check available landing distance and perform a normal approach and landing. – Any landing in excess of the maximum structural landing weight is considered an overweight landing. – Any overweight- or hard landing must be reported in the Journal and to the MFO.
Section 3.
Part B Section 4 SECTION 4 PERFORMANCE 4.1 AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE CHARTS AND DATA 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 4.1.1 Gradient Factors................................................................................... 4.1.............. 1 Take Off Climb and Landing chart........................................................ 4.1.............. 2 Take Off distance Land Plane .............................................................. 4.1..............
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Part B 4.1 01 Section 4.1 AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE CHARTS AND DATA GRADIENT FACTORS Upward Slope Take-Off. Increase distance by 1 % for every 1% upward gradient. Landing.
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Part B 4.1 01 Section 4.1 AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE CHARTS AND DATA GRADIENT FACTORS Upward Slope Take-Off. Increase distance by 1 % for every 1% upward gradient. Landing.
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Part B Section 4.1.1 4.1.1 ENGINE PERFORMANCE ICING CONDITIONS 01 GENERAL Specific information regarding engine power settings, expected power output, performance and fuel consumption can be found in section 5 In addition the following factors affecting engine performance should be understood.
Section 4.1.1 03 Part B ICING PREVENTION It is preferable to take action to prevent icing rather than have to rely on more drastic deicing procedures once icing has occurred. When icing conditions are anticipated or encountered: A B C D E 04 Set mixture control to Auto Rich Apply preheat to maintain 32 degC (or up to 38 degC maximum) carburetor air temperature. After carburetor air temperature and engine operation have stabilized, adjust mixture to desired setting.
Part B 05 Section 4.1.1 DE-ICING PROCEDURE If icing does occur, use the following de-icing procedure A Shift mixture control to Auto Rich B Apply FULL CARBURETTOR HEAT HOLD fully ‘ON’ for 30 seconds. CAUTION -If appreciable engine icing develops; the loss of power will be accompanied by a loss of Carb heat capacity, sharply reducing the effectiveness of full preheat in eliminating ice. C Check whether manifold pressure is restored by slowly returning Carb heat control toward COLD.
Section 4.1.1 Part B Prevention is the best action, and that means keeping the Brake Mean Effective Pressures (B.M.E.P.) within engine limitations. The charts further on in this Section have limiting values for all power settings.
Part B Section 5 SECTION 5 FLIGHT PLANNING 5.1 FLIGHT PLANNING 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Take Off Power .................................................................................... 5.1.............. 1 METO Power........................................................................................ 5.1.............. 1 Climb Power ......................................................................................... 5.1.............. 1 Cruise Power...............
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Part B 5.1 01 Section 5.1 FLIGHT PLANNING TAKE-OFF POWER 2700RPM 48 ins Manifold Pressure Do not use longer than 1 minute for land operations and 2 minutes for water operations For engine failure at or after V1 maximum Take-Off Power for 5 minutes 02 METO POWER 2550RPM 41 5 ins Manifold Pressure Maximum continuous power rating, e.g. single engine or high performance demands.
Section 5.1 Part B Use charts for range or endurance power settings. Use 90-92 kts for best range 07 OIL CONSUMPTION AND CAPACITY There are two oil tanks, one on each engine with 54 Imp gals capacity each. Working oil capacity should be about 30 gal per side and if oil is less than 25 gal per side flight should not take place except in extenuating circumstances.
Part B 10 11 Section 5.1 EMERGENCY EN-ROUTE POWER SETTINGS A Mixture Automatic Rich B Propeller Below 9000 feet METO Above 9000 feet T/O 2550 rpm Maximum 2700 rpm Maximum C Throttle With 2550 rpm METO With 2700 rpm T/O Man Pressure 41.5 in Hg Maximum 48.
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Part B Section 6 SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE 6.1 WEIGHT AND BALLANCE 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Take-off and landing weight ................................................................. 6.1.............. 1 Fuel for taxy and run-up ....................................................................... 6.1.............. 1 Aircraft Ballance ................................................................................... 6.1.............. 2 Centre of gravity limitations ...............................
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Part B Section 6.1 6.1 WEIGHT AND BALLANCE: 01 TAKE-OFF AND LANDING WEIGHT For this aircraft the take-off and landing weight are the same, And is due various reasons (conversion to Passenger Plane / Insurance) reduced from original to 11.999 KG (26.458 Lbs) The various graphs relating to take-off and landing performance are to be referred to, to determine the distances for a particular day or condition.
Section 6.1 03 Part B AIRCRAFT BALANCE It is the PIC's responsibility to ensure the aircraft Weight and Balance keeps the Centre of Gravity (C of G) within limits at all times. Attention must be paid to: A B C 04 Gear extraction and retraction Fuel and oil consumed Movement of cargo and/or passengers CENTRE OF GRAVITY LIMITATIONS Forward Limit 22.9% MAC or 242.2 ins aft of datum Aft Limit 28.5% MAC or 251 .
Part B 06 Section 6.1 GENERAL INFORMATION MAC or Mean Aerodynamic Chord 165.3 ins Leading Edge of MAC 204.39 ins aft Formula for % MAC (CofGArm -204.39) X 100 165.
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Part B Section 7 SECTION 7 LOADING 7.1 LOADING 01 02 03 04 05 06 Forward pax compartment.................................................................... 7.1.............. 1 Pylon .................................................................................................... 7.1.............. 1 Rear pax compartment ......................................................................... 7.1.............. 1 Blister .................................................................................
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Part B 7.1 01 Section 7.1 LOADING FORWARD PAX COMPARTMENT Length Width Height Floor Area Total Capacity Seating 02 Height' Floor Area Total Capacity Seating 79 in 119 in at sta 4 105 in at sta 5 67in 25 sq ft each side 270 cu ft Nil 1 .778 m 3.022 m 2.667 m 1 .702 m 7.84 sq m 7.72 cu m REAR PAX COMPARTMENT Length Width Height Floor Area Total capacity Seating 04 2.565 m 2.743 m 1.600 m 9.72 sq 6.
Section 7.1 05 Part B COMPARTMENTI LOADING DATA 1 BOW COMPARTMENT stn 0 -1 Mooring equipment only 2 No storage in this compartment Pilots Compartment stn 1-2 4 Two people and flight gear Forward Passenger Compartment a. Max Unit load b. Max Load Port side c. Max Load Stb side d. Max load total Pylon Compartment 5 a. Max Unit Load 35 pst b. Max Total Load 9361bs ( 420kg) c. Must use all 50 sq ft of floor space. Tie down mandatory Reduce load inproportion to floor space available.
Part B 06 Section 7.
Section 7.
Part B Section 8 8 CONFIGURATION DEVIATION LIST 01 GENERAL Not available for Catalina PBY-5a Stichting Catalina PH-PBY 18 May, 2004 Rev No: 00 Page: 1
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Part B Section 9 9 MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST 9.1 MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST 01 Master minimum equipment list......................................................... 9.1.0.............. 1 9.
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Part B 9.1 01 Section 9.1 MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST MASTER MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST The minimum equipment list used in Catalina PH-PBY is the master MEL.
Section 9.
Part B Section 2 SECTION 10 SURVIVAL AND EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT 10.1 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT 01 Cockpit ................................................................................................. 10.1.............. 1 02 Cabin.................................................................................................... 10.1.............. 3 03 Survival Kit ........................................................................................... 10.1..............
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Part B Section 10.1 10.1 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT 01 LAYOUT Behind Co pilot Seat Flashlight Fire Axe Behind Commander Seat Halon Fire proof gloves Smokehood 02 Fwd.
Section 10.
Part B Section 11 11 EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURES 01 SEE PART E SECTION 3 Stichting Catalina PH-PBY 18 May, 2004 Rev No: 00 Page: 1
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Part B Section 12 12 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 12.6 AIRCRAFT HULL AND SPECIFICATIONS 01 General............................................................................................... 12.6.............. 1 02 Principal Dimensions .......................................................................... 12.6.............. 2 03 Construction outline............................................................................ 12.6.............. 3 12.23 COMMUNICATION 01 General..................................
Section 12 Part B 12.27 AIRCRAFT CONTROLS 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 General ............................................................................................. 12.27 ..............1 Control Column................................................................................. 12.27 ..............1 Rudder and elevator ......................................................................... 12.27 ..............1 Rudder controls .........................................................
Part B Section 12 12.31 INSTRUMENTS 01 Fuel quantity gauges ........................................................................ 12.31.............. 1 02 Fuel pressure gauges....................................................................... 12.31.............. 1 03 Engine instruments........................................................................... 12.31.............. 1 04 Hydraulic pressure gauges............................................................... 12.31..............
Section 12 Part B 12.61 PROPELER SYSTEM 01 Propeller specification....................................................................... 12.61 ..............1 02 Propeller controls.............................................................................. 12.61 ..............1 03 Propeller operation ........................................................................... 12.61 ..............1 12.72 ENGINES 01 Engine specifications ....................................................................
Part B Section 12.6 12.6 AIRCRAFT HULL AND SPECIFICATIONS 01 GENERAL The aircraft is a high wing monoplane amphibian flying boat, powered by two Pratt and Whitney R 1830-92 engines. It has a tricycle undercarriage which retracts for water landings, and can be fitted with beaching gear if necessary the event of gear failure. The engines are fitted with fully feathering Hamilton Standard propellers.
Section 12.
Part B 03 Section 12.
Section 12.
Part B Section 12.6 Wingtip Floats 1 2 3 Length.
Section 12.
Part B Section 12.53 12.53 AIRFRAME 01 GENERAL The wing is mounted on a superstructure built up from the hull, and is braced by four struts from the hull, two on each side. It is an all aluminium structure with stressed skin, semi cantilevered construction. The trailing edges are metal braced and fabric covered while the leading edges and the main wing box are metal. The wing also incorporates the engine nacelles, fuel and oil tanks and two retractable floats with their mechanism.
Section 12.
Part B Section 12.53 HULL DRAIN PLUGS There are 12 plugs in the Hull to drain the compartments and these are accessible only from the outside. Two plugs are in the front wheel well. Considerable water can collect in some compartments after rain and after water operations. The drain plugs should be removed regularly as part of the Preflight inspection. The presence of other fluid such as fuel or hydraulic oil in the bilges should be investigated.
Section 12.53 06 Part B ANCHORS It is difficult to drop anchor from this aircraft due to the modification of the bow hatch. It is even more difficult to retrieve the anchor. Hull damage is a distinct possibility without extreme care and competence. 07 CABIN LAYOUT AND SEATING Sixteen seats, eight in each of the passenger compartments, provide seating for passengers. Four seats in each compartment are rearwards facing, the remainder forward facing. Lap seat belts are provided at all seats.
Part B Section 12.27 12.27 AIRCRAFT CONTROLS 01 GENERAL All control runs are duplicated with each Pilot offered full control of the aircraft, from their Pilot's seats. There are no power-assisted controls; cable runs plus associated pulleys, turnbuckles, chains and sprockets operate all flight controls. All controls are adjustable. Because of their large area, the control surfaces exert large forces on the control mechanism and the pilot.
Section 12.27 Part B steady whilst taxiing to prevent such damage. This is the responsibility of the non-flying pilot. External locks may also be fitted if aircraft is to be left outdoors in stormy conditions. With external locks fitted it is impossible to release the Flight Station Control Locks 08 TRIM TABS All control surfaces have metal trim tabs, which are adjustable by the Pilots.
Part B 10 Section 12.27 RETRACTABLE WING TIP FLOATS The pilots operate the floats electrically. The float switch is on the Yoke. If the throttles are retarded to below 15 inches Manifold Pressure the float warning lights will illuminate, until the floats are down and locked. The wheel indicator lights will also be activated, together with the nose wheel door locked light. See also Emergency Operations.
Section 12.
Part B Section 12.28 12.28 FUEL SYSTEM 01 GENERAL The fuel system comprises two fuel tanks and a duplicated delivery system that allows fuel to be feed from either tank to either engine via either engine driven fuel pump.
Section 12.28 02 Part B FUEL SPECIFICATION Aviation Gasoline with Octane rating 100/130 (100ll) is the correct fuel. Fuel down to a rating of 91 /96 (Purple/Yellow) can be used 03 FUEL TANKS Two tanks, one in each wing centre section, are integrally built with sealed chambers and accommodate 3300L each for a total usable total usable fuel of 6600L .The tanks have sealed filling caps on the upper wing surface and are vented to the top of the wing.
Part B 08 Section 12.28 FUEL PUMPS Electric boost pumps switched from the yoke support the engine driven fuel pumps. The engine pumps drain below the engine and can be a source of leakage. Normal operating pressure is 14-16 psi 09 FUEL BOOST PUMPS The electric boost pumps are used back up the engine driven fuel pumps when necessary and to supply fuel pressure to the engines for starting.
Section 12.28 13 Part B MIXTURE CONTROL SETTINGS The mixture control handles are between the fuel cocks, on the bulkhead, behind the pilots. Be sure that at each position the handle detent is correctly engaged. This will ensure reliable performance and fuel economy. Intermediate positions can be use if necessary as for example in using mixture to help control Cylinder Head Temperature.
Part B 12.79 01 Section 12.79 OIL SYSTEM GENERAL There is a separate and independent oil system for each engine with the oil tank in the nacelle behind the firewall. The oil cooler and automatic oil temperature control are below the engine accessory compartment. 02 OIL SPECIFICATION Aero engine oil of grade Aero Shell W100 or Air BP 0100 is required 03 OIL QUANTITY AND CONSUMPTION The tanks for each engine hold 54 Imperial Gallons.
Section 12.79 04 Part B OIL TANKS The oil tank for each engine is located behind the firewall and is accessible from the top of the wing. The volume of each tank is 63 Imp Gals but they are only to be filled to 54 Imp Gals leaving 9 Gallons of air space for foaming. It is not necessary to carry a full load of oil. Sufficient must be carried to allow for consumption during flight and to end the flight with 25 Imp Gals.
Part B 08 Section 12.79 OIL PUMPS The oil pump is an engine accessory driven off a geared drive at the rear of the engine. This drive is also the drive for the fuel pump. Oil pressure is boosted for control of propeller pitch but should the drive fail the electric feathering pump can supply oil at sufficient pressure to feather the propeller. There is an electric back up for pumping fuel also but no back up pump for engine oil.
Section 12.
Part B Section 12.61 12.61 01 PROPELLER SYSTEM PROPELLER SPECIFICATIONS Manufacturer Hamilton Standard U.S.A. Model Hamilton Standard Hydromatic 23E50-473 Design no6353A-12 Hamilton Constant Speed Governor Model No4-l-11 Three bladed aluminium alloy.
Section 12.61 Part B then employed to create sufficient oil pressure to drive the propeller to or from the feathered position. The feathering pump has its own oil supply from a slump in the bottom of the main oil tank, and it has a separate electrical system controlled from the Flight Station.
Part B 12.29 01 Section 12.29 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM GENERAL The hydraulic system is a high-pressure accumulator system provided for operation of the undercarriage and the brakes.
Section 12.29 06 Part B ACCUMULATORS Two accumulators of 5 inches and 10 inches diameter hold operating pressure for the hydraulic system. The 5-inch accumulator supplies initial pressure to the Gear to release it from the locks. The Hydraulic Pump is required to operate the remainder of the Gear cycle because of the fluid volume and pressure required.
Part B 10 Section 12.29 HYDRAULIC PRESSURE GAUGES Three hydraulic pressure gauges are fitted One gauge on the right hand side of the instrument panel indicates actual pressure in the hydraulic system. This pressure bleeds away when the aircraft is not in use and can read zero after a period of time. The upper of the two gauges in the Nose reads the pressure in the 5-inch accumulator.
Section 12.
Part B 12.32 01 Section 12.32 LANDING GEAR AND BRAKES GENERAL The Catalina PBY 5a is fitted with a tricycle landing gear For detail of the landing gear and brake structure see the Aircraft Technical Manual. 02 LANDING GEAR CONTROL A control handle located on the lower part of the Instrument Panel operates the Landing Gear. It is left of centre and can be operated by either of the two Pilots though to do so is difficult for the First Officer.
Section 12.32 Part B There is no reservoir should the hydraulic system become totally depleted of hydraulic fluid hence, NO FLUID = NO BRAKES. On the ground, and with sufficient fluid in the Hydraulic System, recharging can be accomplished by air to 600 psi. The residual pressure in the system is known as the Emergency Brake Pressure and registers on the lower of the two gauges the Bow. This pressure is normally 800- 1000psi once the hydraulic system is operating.
Part B 05 Section 12.
Section 12.
Part B 12.24 01 Section 12.24 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM GENERAL DESCRIPTION The main electrical system is 28V dc for the aircraft circuits. Two 24-volt batteries are located at floor level on starboard side of the Pylon Compartment, beside the Main Distribution Panel, supply power for the electrical systems when the generators are not operating. Each engine drives a 28V dc generator. Some aircraft systems are not fused but are connected directly to the aircraft batteries through the main battery relays.
Section 12.
Part B 03 Section 12.24 YOKE SWITCH PANEL The control column Yoke has many switches for the pilots to operate aircraft electrical systems. Functions switched from the Yoke are labeled 04 MAIN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION PANEL The main power distribution panel is located in the Pylon, on the starboard side of the rear of bulkhead 4, the panel contains the starter relays and reverse current relays.
Section 12.24 05 Part B REVERSE CURRENT RELAYS Three Eclipse (100 ampere) reverse current relays are in the bottom of the Main Distribution Panel. From inboard to outboard, they control the following units: 1) Port engine generator 2) Starboard engine generator 3) External power The purpose of the first two reverse current relays is to prevent the main batteries supplying current to the generators when the engines are at rest or turning at low speed. This would deplete the batteries.
Part B Section 12.24 might result in the destruction of the equipment involved. Take advantage of the "non-trip free" action of the propeller feathering circuit breaker only in an emergency. WARNING. The star1er, float and feathering systems are not fused. They are however fed through the main relays and can be disconnected by operating the Battery Master switch. 08 BATTERIES All batteries are in the pylon area. Battery maintenance is covered in the Technical Manual.
Section 12.
Part B 12.36 01 Section 12.36 PITOT STATIC SYSTEM PITOT STATIC SYSTEM The pitot head is a single, non-detachable unit. It's mounted with its axis parallel to the thrust line of the aircraft, on the centre section leading edge of the Port wing. The switch for the operation of the Pitot Heat is on the yoke. This switch should be off whilst operating on the ground unless icing is suspected, and used only whilst airborne in icing conditions.
Section 12.
Part B 12.72 01 Section 12.
Section 12.
Part B 03 Section 12.
Section 12.72 04 Part B IGNITION SWITCHES These are mounted on the yoke in front of the Captain's position and below the other Yoke switches. A knob marked "pull off' switches off all magnetos for "blipping" engines on the water. Each engine has a separate switch, which controls individual magnetos and is Marked "BOTH, L, R, OFF." 05 THROTTLE CONTROLS The control levers project down from the cockpit roof between the two pilot seats.
Part B 09 Section 12.72 PRIMING SWITCHES The priming pumps are located on the rear of bulkhead 4 in the pylon and are switched from the Yoke. The Priming Pumps are protected by circuit breaker under 'Starter Control' on the Co-Pilot's Switch Panel. 10 STARTER SWITCHES The two starter switches are located on the yoke. The starter motor will immediately engage when the switch is operated. They are protected by a clutch should the engine backfire or hydraulicing occur.
Section 12.72 13 Part B CARBURETTOR AIR CONTROL Switches on the Yoke operate the carburetor air control. Carburetor air temperature is indicated on a dual gauge on the instrument panel. The air temperature should always be monitored and kept out of the red or yellow arcs, where icing can occur. The switch has a central position (OFF) where it should always be positioned unless in use. Two red lights on the instrument panel, one for each engine, indicate when the carb air control is at fully cold.
Part B Section 12.31 12.31 INSTRUMENTS 01 FUEL QUANTITY GAUGES A fuel gauge for each tank is fitted to the aircraft. They are electrically operated. The gauges are protected by the Electrical Instrument circuit breaker on the Co-Pilot's Switch Panel. For detail of the calibration of these gauges and the correct fuel management see Part 3, Operating Systems this Section. 02 FUEL PRESSURE GAUGES Fuel pressure is fed directly to the instruments through a tube connected directly to the carburetors.
Section 12.31 07 Part B FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS The flight instruments are duplicated for Captain and First Officer. The vacuum source is derived from both engines into a common manifold, with non-return valves incorporated to safeguard loss of suction should one pump fail.
Part B 10 Section 12.31 CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE GAUGES The cylinder head temperature gauges are electrically operated and protected through a circuit breaker on the Co-Pilot's Switch Panel. The leads to these instruments are cut to an exact length with the excess being coiled into squares, and stowed in the Pylon compartment. The leads should not be cut and shortened; otherwise the readings to the thermo- coupled instruments will be in error.
Section 12.
Part B 12.25 01 Section 12.25 FLIGHT STATION, ACCOMMODATION AND EQUIPMENT DOORS AND HATCHES Entry to the aircraft is via the port blister or the hatch beneath the port engine, using ladders. Additionally, if they are open, entry may be gained through the Bow hatch or the two sliding hatches above the pilot's seats. The starboard blister has emergency exit only. When not in use the aircraft is locked.
Section 12.25 04 Part B CABIN LAYOUT AND PASSENGER SEATING A maximum of 16 seats are available for passengers. The passenger seats are in two cabins of eight seats Floor loading limitations are listed in Section 6 Weight and Balance. Storage is to be found throughout the aircraft. The main compartment For freight is the Pylon compartment where provision. For tie downs and restraining nets is found. All freight is to be securely fastened before Take-Off. Ladders are stowed in the rear hull compartment.
Part B 12.34 01 Section 12.34 NAVIGATION GENERAL All the Avionics units are mounted centrally on the Instrument Pane! In front of the pilots. The units are powered from the Main Battery Switch, through a Master circuit breaker, through their own circuit breakers, and then individually switched ON at the unit. 02 NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT 2. VHF NAV King KX 165A VHF Navigation receiver Aerial on cockpit roof, Glide slope under tail. 1.
Section 12.
Part B 12.26 01 Section 12.26 FIRE PROTECTION GENERAL Engine fire protection is done by a single fire loop behind the firewall. The red fire warning lights above the radio panel will indicate a fire. Fire extinguishing by halon from a single cylinder located in the cockpit. Before discharging take care to select proper engine first. On Pilots main electrical panel, see figure section 12.
Section 12.
Part B 12.33 01 Section 12.33 LIGHTS LIGHTS All external lights are controlled from the Flight Station, as are the nose compartment, cabin lights and nose door lights. Internal compartment lights and auxiliary outlets are independently switched near to the lights themselves. The main battery switch controls these circuits, which also have a circuit breaker on the Co-Pilot’s Switch Panel, marked Compartment Lights. 02 EXTERIOR LIGHTING All exterior lighting is controlled from the flight station.
Section 12.33 05 Part B WARNING LIGHTS Float Warning: Gear Up Nose Gear Down: Gear Down: Illuminates if power is reduced to <15 inches MP without the floats or gear being down. This indicates Main Gear position only. It is operative but is not to be used as a substitute for manual gear checks. Other Warning Lights include: Starter Engaged Warning: Two orange lights on the instrument panel in front of the Captain are illuminated when the starter is engaged.
Part B 12.23 01 Section 12.23 COMMUNICATIONS GENERAL All communication equipment is switched on via the avionics master switch. In case of electrical emergency the VHF COM 1 and the Transponder can be switched to an avionics hot battery bus. 02 RADIO COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT 2. VHF King KY 190B Com 1 / and 2 1 Marine band TBN 03 CREW INTERPHONE A pilots interphone / switch panel is located on either side of the cockpit for both pilots.
Section 12.
Part B A.1 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 A.2 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A.3 01 02 03 04 05 06 A.4 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 Section Appendix A INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................1 AIR...................
Section Appendix A 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 A.5 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Part B CROSSWIND TAKEOFF ....................................................................................................................................... 7 CLIMB PERFORMANCE ....................................................................................................................................... 8 LANDING ...........................................................................................................
Part B A.1 Section Appendix A.1 INTRODUCTION This document is produced as a part of the Aircraft Operating Manual for PH-PBY. Contained is the information required for safe operation of the aircraft during water operations and information to allow an understanding of the factors that affect aircraft performance during water work. For more detailed explanations of seaplane flying and seamanship the reader should consult the listed references. This manual is not a substitute for experience and currency.
Section Appendix A.1 02 Part B AIR The behaviour of air in the atmosphere and the interrelationship of temperature, pressure, density, humidity, dew point, freezing level etc should be known to all pilots. Atmospherics affect water flying more than land flying because of the changes air movement causes to the landing and take off areas. The effect of air density on aircraft performance must be remembered in all conditions.
Part B 08 Section Appendix A.1 WIND STRENGTH It is not likely that PBY will operate on or off the water in high wind conditions or rough water and with all operations it must be remembered that the operating limit for wave height is two (2) feet only. This will normally mean operating in winds no stronger than 1015 knots.
Section Appendix A.1 Part B water overruns the deeper water and the wave breaks. Breaking waves should be avoided by pilots! Wave activity around obstructions is varied but predictable. Wave propagation speed generally decreases, wave direction will change according to where the wave is first affected by the obstruction, and wave height often decreases. Hence the use of breakwaters in and around harbours 12 WAVES RELATED TO HULL LENGTH – Wavelets: 10 or more waves per hull length.
Part B A.2 01 SectionAppendix A.2 MECHANICS OF WATER FLYING FORCES Forces acting on the aircraft weight (Gravitational force) Weight acts vertically downwards from the centre of gravity. It acts the same when on water as when in the air and CofG is movable depending on loading. On water it is possible for the aircraft hull to be supported by two wave crests but be unsupported near the CofG (sagging), or to rest on one wave crest but be unsupported at bow and stern (hogging).
Section Appendix A.2 06 Part B ASYMMETRIC EFFECTS IN TAXIING Although not affected as much as in a single engine floatplane the Catalina is acted on by forces producing turning moments. These are; propeller torque; propeller slipstream; asymmetric thrust of the propeller disc; and gyroscopic precession. All but the last will result in a left turn in the Catalina.
Part B 10 SectionAppendix A.2 SAILING WITH POWER OFF Once weather-cocked into wind the aircraft will "sail" backwards but direction can be modified by placing the rudder hard over in the direction required and putting in full down aileron on the same side. Thus rudder is towards direction of travel and control wheel turned in the opposite direction. This will turn the aircraft and allow it to "keel sail" backwards and to one side.
Section Appendix A.2 Part B component of lift sufficient to turn the aircraft. To maintain a heading it is therefore important to keep the wings level when using rudder to turn there is a centrifugal force tending to bank the aircraft away from the direction of turn and if allowed to occur this adds a horizontal component of lift that counters the desired turn. This tendency must be countered by a balancing control input (aileron slightly into the turn).
Part B SectionAppendix A.2 The aircraft literally ricochets back into the air like a stone skipped across a pond. With power off such skipping usually stops after 2-4 bounces but slight nose down attitude adjustment (back to the optimum landing attitude) will stop the skipping promptly. 17 SURFACE CONTACT WITH DRIFT Landplane pilots are used to judging drift by reference to a fixed surface, usually the runway.
Section Appendix A.
Part B Section Appendix A.3 A.3 SEAMANSHIP 01 INTRODUCTION Once on the water the Catalina is a boat and is bound by the rules for normal, safe operation of marine craft. The pilots therefore need to know the rules of maritime traffic and must develop skills at anticipating the movement of boats and shipping. A basic understanding of marine terminology and some experience in the use of nautical equipment is also required. Fortunately there is some commonality in the nautical and aeronautical languages.
Section Appendix A.3 03 Part B PBY EQUIPMENT While no defined marine equipment list exists for PBY the above items and the following should be on board and checked prior to water operations: 1) Hull and float bungs in place and spares carried.(red box) 2) Water proof containers. 3) Boat hook and or long pole on board. 4) Charts of the operating area available if possible. 5) Sea anchor or drogue stowed on board. 6) Knife and/or axe to cut away lines in an emergency must be available.
Part B Section Appendix A.3 Other special use knots: Sheepshank: Used to shorten a line without having to cut it. Only reliable if line remains under tension Slippery hitch: Useful to allow the aircraft to drift back from a buoy or post mooring before engine start. Once under way the running end can be pulled to untie but if need be the aircraft can be pulled back up to the buoy using the standing part of the hitch.
Section Appendix A.3 Part B Safe Water Marks and Buoys are mid channel marks and may be any shape but are coloured with red and white vertical stripes Special Marks and Buoys indicate cable and pipeline areas, military exercise areas etc and are yellow coloured with X shaped topmarks. White triangle signboard type markers also show cable areas. Local Marks include the orange and black posts and buoys used to mark waterski lanes and surfing lanes etc.
Part B Section Appendix A.4 A.4 AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS ON THE WATER 01 ENGINE START AND RUN UP The starting of the engines on the water produces movement of the aircraft. There are no brakes to hold the aircraft during start, engine warm up, run-up and pre-take off checks. The aircraft must be clear of buoys, markers, moorings and of other marine craft before starting engines.
Section Appendix A.4 Part B Down wind taxiing is possible but getting the aircraft to turn downwind is difficult in all but the lightest conditions. Once directed downwind, short burst of power alternately applied can be used to keep the aircraft straight. If the tail is allowed to wander out of a strictly down wind position considerable power may be needed to correct the aircraft's path. A higher taxi speed will also occur and engine overheating is likely.
Part B Section Appendix A.4 For practice, select a 2-3 mile water run with wave conditions one foot or less. With the controls hard back the power should be brought up to take-off settings (47 ins Manifold Pressure and 2700 RPM) and the aircraft allowed to rise up over the "hump" and onto the step. Elevator back pressure can then be relaxed a little and the aircraft will continue to accelerate at the correct attitude.
Section Appendix A.4 08 Part B TAKEOFF Choice of Takeoff Path Choice of Takeoff direction and planning the takeoff is more complicated then for operations on land. The following need to be considered: Shape and size of the Takeoff area. Because visual estimates are inaccurate it is best to examine the area well from the air before landing. If that is not possible an assessment from charts plus inspection by taxiing or by boat before take off is desirable.
Part B Section Appendix A.4 Water surface conditions can affect takeoff run and especially important is the difficulty unsticking the aircraft off glassy water. Hull resistance is reduced by cavitations of wavelets on the rear of the hull. Humidity affects takeoff run by its effect on density. Humid air is less dense so in high humidity conditions as are often found round large bodies of water, take-off performance may suffer. Centre of Gravity position has a variable effect.
Section Appendix A.4 Part B We taxi on the step with the floats up but there are risks in raising the floats before the aircraft is safely airborne. Although raising the floats does reduce drag and marginally improve acceleration, digging in a half raised float will be more damaging to the float support structure and will increase the likelihood of a waterloop or cartwheel. Once at climb speed and Climb power complete the after takeoff checklist.
Part B Section Appendix A.4 pilot will have maintaining correct attitude as the nose pitches up and down with the waves. While PBY is unlikely to be operating in rough conditions knowledge of the technique may be helpful in marginal conditions. Full elevator back pressure is only required at the very start of the run. Some pilots believe the power should be applied when the nose is at its lowest so that by the time power is increasing the nose will be high.
Section Appendix A.4 16 Part B CLIMB PERFORMANCE As the floats are selected up by the PNF the climb out will be similar to a land take off On float retraction, if one float does not retract the yaw is considerable, probably worse than following engine failure. Options available to counter this include putting both floats back down then hand cranking the floats up or, reducing power on the engine opposite to the stuck float. Keep airspeed 95 knots.
Part B 18 Section Appendix A.4 LANDING TECHNIQUE (INTRODUCTION) There is a particular angle of attack that for each seaplane produces the gentlest transition from air to water. In Catalina’s that occurs at an airspeed of 72 knots. At that speed the rear part of the hull near the step is the only that contacts the water.
Section Appendix A.4 20 Part B LANDING TECHNIQUE (GLIDE APPROACH) This approach technique is seldom necessary. It is dangerous for a landing in rough water and can be fatal if tried onto glassy water. Its only application is when landing on small areas of water with approach over hills or high trees. Due to the Catalina’s "mushy" low speed handling characteristics a glide approach should be conducted faster than usual with 95 knots being best at the weights PBY is operated at.
Part B Section Appendix A.4 onto the water (controls fully back), or, apply power an go around. Do not lower the nose until well above the water surface (>100 ft). The glassy water approach uses a longer run over the water before touchdown but is still the only way to safely cope with poor depth perception. At any time any approach, if the pilot feels glassy type conditions do or may exist, the approach must be a glassy water approach.
Section Appendix A.4 Part B touching down on the up side of an oncoming swell, the radical pitch changes are hard to control and the forces on the airframe are great. The sideways lurch associated with crosswind landing is hardly noticed in rough water perhaps because the landing is so rough anyway and perhaps because of the eddies of wind behind the swells reducing the drift.
Part B A.5 01 Section Appendix A.5 DOCKING, RAMPING, BEACHING, MOORING, ANCHORING. DOCKING Docking should always be conducted into wind. It is a time where troubles occur quickly. So anchor and lines must be ready for use and a boat hook or pole available for fending.
Section Appendix A.5 Part B flying boats often beach with the heels of the floats or hull on the beach secured by hull and wingtip lines. This makes departure straight forward. 04 MOORING TO A BUOY Approaching a buoy requires very accurate taxiing and can really only be achieved from downwind, taxiing directly upwind to the buoy. When power is cut the aircraft will turn into wind about its C.of.
Part B Section Appendix A.5 If a large boat is involved it is best to approach the stationary boat head on and into wind. If mooring to a boat this needs to be by a line long enough to eliminate the risk of the wing being damaged by striking the boat as the aircraft swings on its line. 07 MAN OVERBOARD This is most likely to occur during the anchoring, mooring etc or whilst working with boats.
Section Appendix A.
