User`s guide
Table Of Contents
- Title Page
- Contents
- Getting Started
- Introduction and Measurement
- Phase Noise Basics
- Expanding Your Measurement Experience
- Starting the Measurement Software
- Using the Asset Manager
- Using the Server Hardware Connections to Specify the Source
- Setting GPIB Addresses
- Testing the 8663A Internal/External 10 MHz
- Testing the 8644B Internal/External 10 MHz
- Viewing Markers
- Omitting Spurs
- Displaying the Parameter Summary
- Exporting Measurement Results
- Absolute Measurement Fundamentals
- Absolute Measurement Examples
- Residual Measurement Fundamentals
- What is Residual Noise?
- Assumptions about Residual Phase Noise Measurements
- Calibrating the Measurement
- Measurement Difficulties
- Residual Measurement Examples
- FM Discriminator Fundamentals
- FM Discriminator Measurement Examples
- AM Noise Measurement Fundamentals
- AM Noise Measurement Examples
- Baseband Noise Measurement Examples
- Evaluating Your Measurement Results
- Advanced Software Features
- Reference Graphs and Tables
- Approximate System Noise Floor vs. R Port Signal Level
- Phase Noise Floor and Region of Validity
- Phase Noise Level of Various Agilent Sources
- Increase in Measured Noise as Ref Source Approaches DUT Noise
- Approximate Sensitivity of Delay Line Discriminator
- AM Calibration
- Voltage Controlled Source Tuning Requirements
- Tune Range of VCO for Center Voltage
- Peak Tuning Range Required by Noise Level
- Phase Lock Loop Bandwidth vs. Peak Tuning Range
- Noise Floor Limits Due to Peak Tuning Range
- Tuning Characteristics of Various VCO Source Options
- 8643A Frequency Limits
- 8644B Frequency Limits
- 8664A Frequency Limits
- 8665A Frequency Limits
- 8665B Frequency Limits
- System Specifications
- System Interconnections
- PC Components Installation
- Overview
- Step 1: Uninstall the current version of Agilent Technologies IO libraries
- Step 2: Uninstall all National Instruments products.
- Step 3: Install the National Instruments VXI software.
- Step 4: Install the National Instruments VISA runtime.
- Step 5: Install software for the NI Data Acquisition Software.
- Step 6: Hardware Installation
- Step 7. Finalize National Instruments Software Installation.
- Step 8: System Interconnections
- Step 9: Install Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable Package use default settings
- Step 10: Install the Agilent I/O Libraries
- Step 11: Install the E5500 Phase Noise Measurement software.
- Step 12: Asset Configuration
- Step 13: License Key for the Phase Noise Test Set
- Overview
- PC Digitizer Performance Verification
- Preventive Maintenance
- Service, Support, and Safety Information
- Safety and Regulatory Information
- Safety summary
- Equipment Installation
- Environmental conditions
- Before applying power
- Ground the instrument or system
- Fuses and Circuit Breakers
- Maintenance
- Safety symbols and instrument markings
- Regulatory Compliance
- Declaration of Conformity
- Compliance with German noise requirements
- Compliance with Canadian EMC requirements
- Service and Support
- Return Procedure
- Safety and Regulatory Information
248 Agilent E5505A User’s Guide
9
FM Discriminator Fundamentals
To avoid having to compensate for sin (x)/x response, measurements are
typically made at offset frequencies ( ) much less . It is possible to
measure at offset frequencies out to and beyond the null by scaling the
measured results using the transfer equation. However, the sensitivity of the
system get very poor results near the nulls.
The transfer function shows that increasing the delay increases the
sensitivity of the system. However, increasing also decreases the offset
frequencies ( ) that can be measured without compensating for the sin(x)/x
response. For example, a 200 ns delay line will have better sensitivity close to
carrier than a 50 ns delay line., but will not be usable beyond 2.5 MHz offsets
without compensating for the sin(x)/x response; the 50 ns line is usable to
offsets of 10 MHz.
Increasing the delay , also increases the attenuation of the line. While this
has no direct effect on the sensitivity provided by the delay line, it does reduce
the signal into the phase detector and can result in decreased and
decreased system sensitivity.
The phase detector constant equals the slope of the mixer sine wave output
at the zero crossings. When the mixer is not in compression, equals
where is the mixer efficiency and is the voltage into the Signal Input
port (R port) of the mixer. is also the voltage available at the output of the
delay line.
Figure 179 Nulls in sensitivity of delay line discriminator
f
m
12τd⁄
τd
τd
f
m
τd
K
φ
K
φ
K
φ
K
L
V
R
K
L
V
R
V
R