Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, & Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System Agilent Technologies
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Table of Contents Getting Started 23 Safety Considerations General Operating Environment Line Power Requirements Input/Output Signals Line Power Connectors Instrument Markings Laser Safety Information Laser Safety Labels Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System A Description of the User Interface 25 26 26 27 27 28 29 30 34 36 37 38 39 Password User Interface Features How to Navigate/Modify the Display 40 How to Ch
How to Set the Date & Time How to Lock/Unlock the High-Power Laser Sources How to Set the Trigger Configuration How to Configure Startup Applications How to Configure your Foot Pedal How to Set the GPIB Address How to Set the Speed of the Serial Interface How to Update a Module How to Select the Printer Type How to Change the Password If You Forget Your Password How to Get Information About Modules How to Get Information About the Mainframe How to Connect an External Monitor How to Connect a Printer Power
How to Enable/Disable Laser Output How to Set Attenuation How to Modulate the Optical Output How to Use the Internal Modulation How to Use Triggers Tunable Lasers 111 112 113 114 117 119 What is a Tunable Laser ? How to Set the Power How to Set the Output Power of a CW Signal What is Excessive Power ? How to Set the Laser to the Dark Position The Analog Output How to Set the Wavelength Wavelength Range How to Set the Wavelength Directly How to Set a Relative Wavelength How to Perform a Wavelength Swee
How to Use a compact Tunable Laser The User Interface SBS Suppression Return Loss Measurement 161 161 163 Getting Started With Return Loss What is Return Loss? What is Insertion Loss? Equipment required How to Choose a Light Source Return Loss Modules Calibration Measurements Return Loss Measurement Setup Calibrating the Return Loss Module Calibration using the Agilent 81000BR Reference Reflector Calibration using the Agilent 81610CC Reference Cable How to Measure Return Loss Viewing the Calibration Va
The User Interface How to Control the Shutter How to Set Attenuation How to Set a Power Level How to Compensate for Wavelength Dependencies in your test setup How to Use the Power Control Feature Attenuator Menu Options Attenuator Status Indicators Switching Optical Routes Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch modules How to Use an Optical Switch module The User Interface Dependent and Independent Routing How to set Route A How to set Route B How to Toggle the Switch path Typical Applications Selecting a Laser So
Running a Logging Application Analysing a Logging Application On-Screen Messages The Stability Application How to Set Up a Stability Function Running a Stability Application Analysing a Stability Application On-Screen Messages The PACT Application What is the PACT ? How to Set Up PACT How to Measure the Reference How to Perform a Loss Measurement Analysing a PACT Measurement On-Screen Messages The Pmax Curve 250 253 254 256 260 262 265 266 266 267 270 272 276 277 278 What is the Pmax Curve ? How to Vie
Changing the Fuse Operating and Storage Environment Temperature Humidity Altitude Pollution Protection Storage and Shipment Instrument Cooling Storage Position Carrying the Instrument Using Modules How to Fit and Remove Modules Adding a Connector Interface Protecting Empty Module Slots Input and Output Connectors The Remote Interlock (RIL) connector GPIB Interface Cables and Adapters Connector GPIB Logic Levels Serial Interface Parallel Port, PCMCIA Slot, Keyboard connector and 24V DC Output Claims and
Specifications and Regulations Compliance Agilent 8163A Specifications Agilent 8163B Specifications Agilent 8164A Specifications Agilent 8164B Specifications Agilent 8166A Specifications Agilent 8166B Specifications Declarations of Conformity Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System Agilent 8166B Lightwave Multichannel System Regulations Information
Mainframes 8163A 8163B 8164A 8164B 8166A 8166B Errors appearing on pop-up menus 383 383 384 384 385 385 386 387 Error on Module Error 387 Tunable Laser Sources 391 Initialization Tests Selftests Return Loss Meters Powermeters & Interface Modules with Optical Head Fixed Laser Sources (Fabry Perot) DFB Laser Sources Attenuator Modules Optical Switch modules Cleaning Instructions 390 391 396 400 404 409 412 414 417 421 Safety Precautions Why is it important to clean optical devices ? What do I nee
How to clean instruments with a fixed connector interface 440 How to clean instruments with an optical glass plate 441 How to clean instruments with a physical contact interface 442 How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface 443 How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to mechanical stress and pressure 444 How to clean metal filters or attenuator gratings 445 Additional Cleaning Information 446 How to clean bare fiber ends How to clean large area lenses and mirrors Other Cleaning Hints
List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure 31 Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 34 Figure 35 Figure 36 Figure 37 Figure 38 Figure 39 Figure 40 Figure 41 Figure 42 Figure 43 Figure 44 Class 1 Safety Label Agilent 81650A/51A/52A/54A/11A/12A/13A/14A
Figure 45 Figure 46 Figure 47 Figure 48 Figure 49 Figure 50 Figure 51 Figure 52 Figure 53 Figure 54 Figure 55 Figure 56 Figure 57 Figure 58 Figure 59 Figure 60 Figure 61 Figure 62 Figure 63 Figure 64 Figure 65 Figure 66 Figure 67 Figure 68 Figure 69 Figure 70 Figure 71 Figure 72 Figure 73 Figure 74 Figure 75 Figure 76 Figure 77 Figure 78 Figure 79 Figure 80 Figure 81 Figure 82 Figure 83 Figure 84 Figure 85 Figure 86 Figure 87 Figure 88 Figure 89 Figure 90 Figure 91 Figure 92 Figure 93 Figure 94 16 Zeroing
Figure 95 Figure 96 Figure 97 Figure 98 Figure 99 Figure 100 Figure 101 Figure 102 Figure 103 Figure 104 Figure 105 Figure 106 Figure 107 Figure 108 Figure 109 Figure 110 Figure 111 Figure 112 Figure 113 Figure 114 Figure 115 Figure 116 Figure 117 Figure 118 Figure 119 Figure 120 Figure 121 Figure 122 Figure 123 Figure 124 Figure 125 Figure 126 Figure 127 Figure 128 Figure 129 Figure 130 Figure 131 Figure 132 Figure 133 Figure 134 Measuring the Reflection Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 135 Figure 136 Figure 137 Figure 138 Figure 139 Figure 140 Figure 141 Figure 142 Figure 143 Figure 144 Figure 145 Figure 146 Figure 147 Figure 148 Figure 149 Figure 150 Figure 151 Figure 152 Figure 153 Figure 154 Figure 155 Figure 156 Figure 157 Figure 158 Figure 159 Figure 160 Figure 161 Figure 162 Figure 163 Figure 164 Figure 165 Figure 166 Figure 167 Figure 168 Figure 169 Figure 170 Figure 171 Figure 172 Figure 173 Figure 174 Figure 175 Figure 176 Figure 177 Figure 178 Figure 179 Figure 180 Figure
Figure 187 Storing the Agilent 8164A/B on its Back Legs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 Figure 188 Carry the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System using this Strap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301 Figure 189 How to Remove a Front-Loadable Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Figure 190 How to Insert a Front-Loadable Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Table 15 Table 16 Table 17 Table 18 Table 19 Table 20 Table 21 Table 22 Table 23 Standard Laser Source Modules - Laser Safety Information . . . . . . . 30 High Power Laser Source Modules - Laser Safety Information . . . . 30 DFB Laser Source Modules - Laser Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Backloadable Tunable Laser Modules - Laser Safety Information . .
Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
1 Getting Started This chapter introduces the features of the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System.
Getting Started How to Change the Value of a Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 How to Select a Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 How to Accept the New Value of a Parameter. . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 How to Make a Big Change to a Continuous Parameter . . . . .54 How to Make a Small Change to a Continuous Parameter . . .55 How to Change a Discrete Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 How to Set All Parameters to Their Default Values. . . . . . . .
Safety Considerations Getting Started Safety Considerations The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Agilent Technologies Inc. assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.
Getting Started Safety Considerations General This is a Safety Class 1 instrument (provided with a protective earth terminal) and has been manufactured and tested according to international safety standards. Before operation, you should review the instrument and manual for safety markings and instructions. You must follow these to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in safe condition.
Safety Considerations Getting Started Line Power Requirements CAU T ION CAU T ION CAU T ION The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter System complies with overvoltage category II and can operate from the single-phase AC power source that supplies between 100 V and 240 V at a frequency in the range 50 to 60 Hz.The maximum power consumption is 120 VA with all options installed.
Getting Started Safety Considerations Line Power Connectors In accordance with international safety standards, the instrument has a three-wire power cable. When connected to an appropriate AC power receptacle, this cable earths the instrument cabinet. The type of power cable shipped with each instrument depends on the country of destination. Please refer to “Accessories” on page 319 for the part numbers of available power cables.
Safety Considerations Getting Started Instrument Markings The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this warning symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the manual. The laser radiation symbol. This warning symbol is marked on products which have a laser output. The AC symbol is used to indicate the required nature of the line module input power. The ON symbols are used to mark the positions of the instrument power line switch.
Getting Started Laser Safety Information Laser Safety Information The laser sources specified by this user guide are classified according to IEC 60825-1 (2001). The laser sources comply with 21 CFR 1040.10 except for deviations pursuant to Laser Notice No. 50 dated 2001-July-26.
Laser Safety Information Getting Started Table 3 DFB Laser Source Modules - Laser Safety Information Agilent 81662A Agilent 81663A Laser Type CW DFB Laser with built-in isolator CW DFB Laser with built-in isolator Wavelength range 1500 - 1650 nm see display 1500 - 1650 nm see display Max. CW output power 1 <15 mW <28 mW Beam waist diameter 9 µm 9 µm Numerical aperture 0.1 0.1 Laser Class according to IEC 60825-1 (2001)- International 1M 1M Max.
Getting Started Laser Safety Information Initial Safety Information for Tunable Laser Modules Table 4 Backloadable Tunable Laser Modules - Laser Safety Information 81660B #200 81600B #160 81600B #150 81600B #140 81600B #130 81600B #142 81600B #132 Laser Type EC-Laser InGaAsP EC-Laser InGaAsP EC-Laser InGaAsP EC-Laser InGaAsP EC-Laser InGaAsP EC-Laser InGaAsP EC-Laser InGaAsP Wavelength range 1440 - 1640 nm 1495 - 1640 nm 1450 - 1590 nm 1370 - 1495 nm 1260 - 1375 nm 1370 - 1495 nm 1260 - 13
Laser Safety Information Getting Started Table 6 Compact Tunable Laser Modules - Laser Safety Information Laser Type Wavelength range Max.
Getting Started Laser Safety Information Initial Safety Information for Return Loss Modules Table 8 Return Loss Modules - Laser Safety Information Agilent 81611A 2 Laser type Agilent 81612A 2 Agilent 81613A Agilent 81614A 2 FP-Laser FP-Laser FP-Laser FP-Laser InGaAsP InGaAsP InGaAsP InGaAsP Wavelength ( ± 15nm) 1310 nm 1550 nm 1550/1625 nm 1310/1550 nm Max. CW output power 1 <1.8mW <1.8mW <1.8mW <1.8mW Beam waist diameter 9 µm 9 µm 9 µm 9 µm Numerical aperture 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.
Laser Safety Information Getting Started Laser class 1M label Figure 2 Class 1M Safety Label - Agilent 81655A/6A/7A, 81662A/3A, 81600B family, (81480B/82B/ 81640B/42B/80B/82B/72B), 81980A/40A/89A/49A, (81649A/89A/89B). A sheet of laser safety labels is included with the laser module as required.
Getting Started Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter Figure 3 The Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter Mainframe The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter is a high-performance optical multimeter for the characterization and evaluation of optical components. It’s modular format makes it flexible enough to meet changing needs when measuring optical power, power loss, or return loss for single or multimode components.
Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System Getting Started Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System Figure 4 The Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System Mainframe The Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System mainframe has one large and four slim module slots.
Getting Started Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System Figure 5 The Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System Mainframe The Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System has 17 slim module slots.
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started A Description of the User Interface Figure 6 and Figure 7 show the user interface of the Agilent 8164A/B, the Agilent 8163A/B and Agilent 8166A/B, respectively, and the names used in this manual to describe the groups of keys.
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface Display Softkeys Cursor Key Hardkeys Enter Power Key Key Channel Key Figure 7 The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter User Interface Password When you use this instrument with high-power Laser Source modules or Tunable Laser modules, you must enter the password to unlock the instrument. N O TE The default password is 1234. If You Forget Your Password If you forget your password, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales/Service Office.
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started User Interface Features Introducing Softkeys A softkey is a key whose function changes depending on the keys that you have pressed before. The function of the softkey is shown on the display to the left of the softkey. Introducing Hardkeys A hardkey is a key that always has the same function. Special Module States Besides parameter or measurement values, you may also see some texts instead. The slot is empty.
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface The slot number represents the module’s position in the mainframe. Frontloadable modules are numbered: • from one to two from left to right for the Agilent 8163A/B, • from one to four from left to right for the Agilent 8164A/B, and • from one to seventeen from left to right for the Agilent 8166A/B. These numbers are displayed on the front panel beside each module slot. The Agilent 8164A/B slot for back-loadable modules is numbered zero.
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started How to Navigate/Modify the Display Overview Screen Figure 8 shows the overview screen for the Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter, this screen is shown immediately after start-up. It shows the most important parameters of all installed modules. Figure 8 The Agilent 8163B’s Overview Screen N O TE The display of the Agilent 8163A and the Agilent 8166A is black and white only.
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface Figure 9 The Agilent 8164A/B’s Overview Screen Figure 10 shows the overview screen for the Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System, this screen is shown immediately after start-up. It shows the module slots that are occupied.
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started How to Use the Cursor Key Figure 11 The Cursor Key You can move the highlighted marker between parameters using the [Cursor] hardkey. When editing a parameter, see “How to Change the Value of a Parameter” on page 53, the up and down cursor keys can be used to increment and decrement the value of a digit and the left and right cursor keys can be used to move the highlighted digit left and right.
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface You can use the Modify Knob to navigate around the display. When you turn the Modify Knob through one click, one action is performed. Turning the Modify Knob clockwise moves the highlighted marker right and then down. Turning the Modify Knob anti-clockwise moves the highlighted marker left and then up. You can use the Modify Knob to change the value of a parameter. See “How to Change the Value of a Parameter” on page 53.
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started Figure 14 The Agilent 8164A/B’s Details Sreen for a Tunable Laser Channel Figure 15 The Agilent 8166A Details Screen for a Power Sensor Channel If more than 3 modules are inserted in the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System, the user interface cannot display each channel number in the details screen. The arrow indicates that undisplayed channels can be accessed by pressing the Channel hardkey.
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface How to Access the Menu Press the [Menu] softkey to access all the parameters and functions that apply to a module. Figure 16 and Figure 18 show the type of menu you should see for a Power Sensor channel.
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started How to Change the System Configuration Press the Config hardkey to access all the system configuration parameters that can be changed. Figure 18 and Figure 19 show the menu you should see. See “Additional Information” on page 63 for more details.
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface How to Get Help Press the Help hardkey any time you need more information. The instrument displays online documentation for the currently selected parameter. Figure 20 The Agilent 8164A/B Help Screen Press the [Index] softkey to access the Index of help topics.
A Description of the User Interface Getting Started Press the [Back] softkey to return to the last Help topic you accessed. You can scroll through the text using the up and down cursor keys. The scroll bar displays the current position in the text. Cross-references within the text allow you to access relevant topics. Cross-references are underlined. If a cross-reference is highlighted, it is selected. Use the left or right cursor keys to move to another crossreference.
Getting Started A Description of the User Interface N O TE These applications are not available for the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System. The Return Loss Application is only available for the Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter. N O TE 52 After you exit from the application, any modules selected by these applications will automatically be preset, all parameters will be set to their default values for the selected modules.
How to Change the Value of a Parameter Getting Started How to Change the Value of a Parameter What follows is a description of the various ways of changing the value of parameters. Examples in which particular parameter values are changed are given with the parameter descriptions. Parameters can be either: • continuous, you may choose any value within a given range, or • discrete, you may choose a value from a menu.
Getting Started How to Change the Value of a Parameter How to Accept the New Value of a Parameter When you have changed the value of a parameter, to accept this change: • press the Enter hardkey, • press the [OK] softkey, • or, press the Modify Knob (if you are using the Agilent 8164A/B). These keys all perform the same purpose. All references to pressing Enter throughout this User’s Guide, refer to one of these three actions.
How to Change the Value of a Parameter Getting Started How to Make a Small Change to a Continuous Parameter For small changes to a parameter use the up and down cursor keys, the numerical keypad (if you are using the Agilent 8164A/B), or the modify knob (if you are using the Agilent 8164A/B). Move to the parameter and then: 1 Press [Edit]. The first digit before the decimal point will be highlighted first, as shown in Figure 23 .
Getting Started How to Change the Value of a Parameter 5 Press the up cursor five times to change the value of the digit to five. Press Enter to end the editing.
How to Change the Value of a Parameter Getting Started How to Change a Discrete Parameter For discrete parameters, you may choose a particular values within a given range. For a Power Sensor module: 1 Move to the Power Sensor channel and press the [Details] softkey. 2 Move to the [AvgTime] parameter and press Enter. 3 Move to 1 s, by using the cursor key, and press Enter. or 1 Move to the Power Sensor channel and press the [Menu] softkey. 2 Move to the parameter and press Enter.
Getting Started How to Change the Value of a Parameter How to Set All Parameters to Their Default Values Press Preset to set all parameters to their default values. If You Make a Mistake If you make a mistake while you are editing a parameter, you can cancel the editing, and retain the previous value for the parameter by pressing the [Cancel] softkey.
A Sample Session Getting Started A Sample Session This sample session shows you how to measure the power of a modulated signal at a single wavelength. The sample session is written for the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter or Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, the Agilent 81689A Tunable Laser module, and the Agilent 81632A Power Sensor.
Getting Started A Sample Session How to Measure the Power of a Modulated Signal We want to measure the power of a 1540 nm signal, modulated by a 100 kHz square wave, at 500 µW. 1 Make sure that all your connectors, and connector interfaces are clean. 2 Make sure that the Optical Output of the Laser Source is not active. 3 Connect the output of the Laser Source to the input of the Power Sensor module, as shown in Figure 25 .
A Sample Session Getting Started b Enter 1540.000 and press Enter. 6 How to set the averaging time for the Power Sensor module: a Move to the measurement averaging time, [Tavg], and press Enter. b Move to <1 s>, using the cursor key, and press Enter. 7 For the Power Sensor module, make sure that Watts are the selected Power Unit and that the instrument is in automatic ranging mode. To change these settings: a Move to the power parameter, [P], and press the [Power Unit] softkey.
Getting Started 62 A Sample Session Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
2 Additional Information This chapter describes the system functions of the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System. Here you will find out how to set the configuration settings and how to connect an external monitor. Using the System Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 How to Set the Backlight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Additional Information Using the System Utilities Using the System Utilities Press the Config hardkey to access configuration information for your mainframe. You see the screens in Figure 26 and Figure 27 .
Using the System Utilities Additional Information You can move to any of the menu items by using the cursor key or the Modify knob. Select an item by pressing Enter or the [OK] softkey. How to Set the Backlight The Backlight and menu option allows you to change the appearance of the screen. N O TE The Backlight menu option is supported by the Agilent 8163A/B and Agilent 8166A/B but not by the Agilent 8164A/B. To Set the Backlight To change the backlight level of the Agilent 8163A/B/..
Additional Information Using the System Utilities N O TE The Contrast can also be set for the Agilent 8163A and the 8166A models, but only these models, as follows: 1 Press the Config hardkey. 2 Move to the menu option and press Enter. You see a box displaying the current setting 3 Enter an integer value between zero and one hundred in this box and press Enter.
Using the System Utilities Additional Information Figure 29 Editing the Date and the Time 3 Use the cursor key to move to the Date field. Press the [Edit] softkey. The day of the month is highlighted. 4 Use the left and right cursor keys to move to the day, month or year. Edit the day, month or year using the cursor key. Press Enter. 5 Perform steps 3 to 4 again if the date is not fully correct. 6 Use the cursor key to move to the Time field. Press the [Edit] softkey. The hour of the day is highlighted.
Additional Information Using the System Utilities How to Lock/Unlock the High-Power Laser Sources To unlock high-power laser sources (including Tunable Laser modules): 1 Press the Config hardkey. 2 Move to the menu option and press Enter. You see a box requesting you to enter the password. Figure 30 Unlocking the Instument 3 Enter the password, using the softkeys or the numerical keypad. Press Enter and the instrument unlocks. N O TE The default password is 1234.
Using the System Utilities Additional Information How to Set the Trigger Configuration The trigger level at the external trigger connectors is by default active high, this means when a trigger rises above the high TTL level (rising edge), a trigger is accepted. You can select three modes of triggering from the trigger configuration menu: • , which you should choose if you do not want to use triggering. • , which you should choose if you want to enable the trigger connectors.
Additional Information Using the System Utilities How to Configure Startup Applications N O TE O n l y v al i d f o r t h e 8 16 3B an d 8 16 4B Several Applications on the 8163B and 8164B can be configured to start upwhen the system is switched on. To configure startup applications: 1 Press the Config hardkey. 2 Move to the menu option and press Enter. 3 Select the application you want to start up when the system is switched on.
Using the System Utilities Additional Information How to Configure your Foot Pedal You can use an Agilent 81610FP Foot Pedal (Part Number 81610-68709) to generate triggers. This accessory is similar to a mouse, you press the Foot Pedal and a trigger is generated. You can attach the Foot Pedal to the Input Trigger BNC Connector, see “Input and Output Connectors” on page 310. To configure your Foot Pedal: 1 Press the Config hardkey. 2 Move to the menu option and press Enter.
Additional Information Using the System Utilities How to Set the GPIB Address N O TE The default GPIB address is 20. To set the GPIB address: 1 Press the Config hardkey. 2 Move to the menu option and press Enter. You see a box displaying the current GPIB address. Figure 33 Entering a GPIB Address 3 Enter an integer value between 0 and 30 into this box and press Enter. The address is set to this value.
Using the System Utilities Additional Information How to Set the Speed of the Serial Interface N O TE The default Baudrate of the serial interface is 38400 bps. To set the Baudrate of the instrument’s serial interface: 1 Press the Config hardkey. 2 Move to the menu option and press Enter. You see a box displaying all the available line speeds in bps. Figure 34 Selecting a Baudrate for the Serial Interface 3 Move to the Baudrate required and press Enter.
Additional Information Using the System Utilities How to Update a Module For information about instrument and module firmware upgrade procedures refer to “Firmware Upgrades” on page 451 To set the mainframe in Module Update mode: N O TE Module Update mode is necessary only when updating a module via the serial interface. 1 Press the Config hardkey. 2 Move to the menu option and press Enter. You see a box that displays Module Update mode as on.
Using the System Utilities Additional Information How to Select the Printer Type You can use a printer connected to the parallel port on the rear panel of your mainframe, see “Input and Output Connectors” on page 310 for a diagram of your mainframe’s rear panel. You can print out any of the following information: • a help screen, see “How to Get Help” on page 50, • data from an application, see “Printing Application Measurement Results” on page 283. To select a printer type: 1 Press the Config hardkey.
Additional Information Using the System Utilities How to Change the Password The password is used for unlocking the instrument. To change the password: 1 Press the Config hardkey. 2 Move to the menu option and press Enter. You see a box requesting you to enter the password. 3 Enter the current password, using the softkeys or the numerical keypad and press Enter. You see a box requesting you to enter the new password. 4 Enter your new password. It should be 4 digits long. Press Enter.
Using the System Utilities Additional Information How to Get Information About Modules To get information about modules: 1 Press the Config hardkey. 2 Move to the menu option and press Enter. You see a box displaying the slots which have installed modules, see Figure 37 . Figure 37 Slots with Installed Modules 3 Move to the module using the cursor key for which you require information. Press Enter.
Additional Information Using the System Utilities Figure 38 Viewing Information About a Module 5 Press [Close] to return to the menu in Figure 37 . 6 Perform steps 3 to 5 to view information about other module slots or press [Close] to return to the configuration menu. N O TE • The Agilent 81640A/42A/80A/82A/89A Tunable Laser modules will always return HEWLETT-PACKARD as the manufacturer. • All other Agilent 8163A/B Series modules return Agilent Technologies as the manufacturer.
Using the System Utilities Additional Information How to Get Information About the Mainframe To get information about the mainframe: 1 Press the Config hardkey. 2 Move to the menu option and press Enter. You see a box displaying information about your mainframe, see Figure 39 . The manufacturer, part number, serial number, and firmware revision of the mainframe are listed. Figure 39 Viewing Information About the Mainframe 3 Press [Close] to return to the configuration menu.
Additional Information How to Connect an External Monitor How to Connect an External Monitor N O TE You can connect a standard VGA monitor to the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System and the Agilent 8166B Lightwave Multichannel System. This is a useful feature for making presentations or for training courses. You cannot connect a monitor to the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter or Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel system.
How to Connect a Printer Additional Information How to Connect a Printer You can use a printer connected to the parallel port on the rear panel of your mainframe, see “Input and Output Connectors” on page 310 for a diagram of your mainframe’s rear panel. You can use either of the following printer types: • , a printer that uses the Hewlett-Packard Printer Control Language, or • , a printer that is compliant with Epson 8 pin printers.
Additional Information 82 How to Connect a Printer Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
3 Power Measurement This chapter describes how to use the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System to measure optical power using a Power Meter, that is: • a Power Sensor module or • an Optical Head in conjunction with an Optical Head Interface module. How to Measure Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 The Power Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Measurement How to Measure Power How to Measure Power The Power Value The
parameter displays the power measurement value. In MinMax mode, this parameter changes to <∆P>, the difference between minimum and maximum power, see “How to Choose the MinMax Mode” on page 101. How to Set the Number of Digits You can set the maximum number of digits that are used in power measurement. This is the maximum number of digits after the decimal point.
How to Measure Power Power Measurement How to Set the Power Unit Pressing the Power Unit softkey allows you to select either W, dB, or dBm as the units in which power is displayed. The Power Unit softkey is visible when you move to the [P] or [Ref ] parameters. Alternatively the Power Unit can be changed by using the Power Meter menu. What are the Power Units ? Watts (W) are the SI unit for power measurement. You can also measure power in dB or dBm.
Power Measurement How to Measure Power 1 Move to the [P] parameter and press the [Power Unit] softkey. You will see the menu in Figure 42 . Figure 42 Selecting the Power Unit 2 Move to , by using the cursor key, and press Enter.
How to Measure Power Power Measurement How to Set the Calibration Offset This is a calibration offset that you can enter to compensate for external optical circuitry, for example, the Agilent 81022FF Integrating Sphere or a 3 dB coupler. The calibration offset, [Cal], is automatically subtracted from the input signal.
Power Measurement How to Measure Power How to Set the Reference Level How to Input a Reference Level dB results are shown relative to a reference level. The [Ref] parameter sets the reference level. Setting, or changing, the reference only affects results that are displayed in dB. The reference level is displayed in units of dBm or Watts.
How to Measure Power Power Measurement When you press the [Dsp->Ref] softkey, the absolute power level, the power value in dBm or Watts, is stored as the reference, that is: REF = Pmeasured Where, REF is the reference, and Pmeasured is the absolute power level (see “How to Set the Calibration Offset” on page 87). The [Dsp->Ref] softkey is displayed if you move to a power measurement channel.
Power Measurement How to Measure Power To reference another channel: 1 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey. 2 Move to the [Ref Mode] parameter and press Enter. 3 Move to the channel number you want to reference, using the cursor key, and press Enter. For example, in Figure 43 , you could choose 3.1 (for channel 3.1). Refer to “Slot and Channel Numbers” on page 41 for information on channel numbers.
How to Measure Power Power Measurement How to Set the Wavelength This is the wavelength value. The responsivity of the Power Meter varies with wavelength. For accurate power measurement, you need to input the wavelength of the optical input. To set the wavelength to 1545.000 nm: 1 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey. 2 Move to the [λ] parameter and press Enter. 3 Enter 1545.000 and press Enter.
Power Measurement How to Measure Power Figure 44 Module Channels that are Setting 2 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Menu] softkey. 3 Move to the option to zero the current power measurement channel or the option to zero all power measurement channels. You will see the screen shown in Figure 45 , this appears for around 30 seconds while zeroing is performed.
How to Measure Power N O TE Power Measurement If you see the screen shown in Figure 46 , the zeroing operation has failed because the Power Meter received light. The most common reason for zeroing to fail is if: • a source is connected to the Power Meter’s input connector, • the fiber connected to the Power Meter’s input connector is collecting light, or • the Power Meter receives ambient light because the input connector is uncovered. Press Enter and start again at step 1.
Power Measurement How to Measure Power How to Choose the Range Mode N O TE For a Dual Power Sensor, you cannot set the range mode of the slave channel, channel 2, directly. By default, the range mode of the slave channel, channel 2, is the same as that for the master channel, channel 1. See Table 10 on page 107 for more details.
How to Measure Power Power Measurement How to Set the Range If you choose from the Range mode menu, this parameter can not be set. The Range parameter, [Range], is displayed in light grey text, see Figure 47 , in automatic ranging mode and displays the automaticallydetermined range. Figure 47 Auto-Range Mode If you choose from the Range mode menu, you must choose a range setting from the Range menu. To choose a range setting, follow the following steps: 1 Setup the instrument.
Power Measurement How to Measure Power 10Move to the [Range Mode] parameter and press Enter. 11Move to , by using the cursor key, and press Enter. 12Move to the [Range] parameter and press Enter. 13Enter the range value determined in Step 8, by using the cursor key, and press Enter. Figure 48 Manual Range Mode - Within Range If the measured power is more than 3dBm greater than the range setting, it is impossible for power to be displayed. The power value, +1.
How to Measure Power Power Measurement Figure 49 Out of Range - Power Greater Than Upper Power Limit If the measured power is more than 40 dBm less than the range setting, it is impossible for power to be displayed. The power value, -1.--- dBm, as shown in Figure 50 , is shown. This means that the measured power is greater than the resolution at this [Range] value. You must increase the [Range] value. See Table 9 on page 99 for more details.
Power Measurement How to Measure Power Figure 51 shows an example of the range values you can choose for the Agilent 81634B. Inn this case the values range from 10 dBm (upper power limit of 13 dBm) to −70 dBm (upper power limit of −67 dBm) in 10 dBm increments.
How to Measure Power Power Measurement Upper Power Limit and Resolution Table 9 shows the upper power limit and measurent resolution at various power ranges. As can be seen the resolution decreases as the chosen [Range] decreases. The resolution is always 40 dBm less than the chosen [Range] value. The Upper Power Limit is always 3 dBm greater than the chosen [Range] value. Table 9 Upper Power Limits and Resolution for Various Power Ranges [RANGE] Upper Power Limit Resolution 40 dBm 19.999 W 43.
Power Measurement How to Measure Power How to Set the Averaging Time N O TE For a Dual Power Sensor, you cannot set the averaging time of the slave channel, channel 2, directly. By default, the averaging time of the slave channel, channel 2, is the same value as that for the master channel, channel 1. See Table 10 on page 107 for more details. This is the length of time over which a signal is averaged. Longer averaging times increase the accuracy and improve the noise rejection.
How to Measure Power Power Measurement How to Choose the MinMax Mode N O TE For a Dual Power Sensor, you cannot set the averaging time of the slave channel, channel 2, directly. By default, the averaging time of the slave channel, channel 2, is the same value as that for the master channel, channel 1. See Table 10 on page 107 for more details. MinMax mode measures the incoming power and displays the minimum value measured, [Pmin], and the maximum value measured, [Pmax].
Power Measurement How to Measure Power Window Mode Refresh Mode N Samples Time for display to update N Samples Time for display to update The length of the lines displayed represents the size of the buffer at the time of update Figure 53 The Window and Refresh Modes To choose the MinMax mode: 1 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey. 2 Move to the [MinMax Mode] parameter and press Enter. 3 Move to , by using the cursor key, and press Enter.
How to Measure Power Power Measurement How to Turn Off MinMax Mode To turn off MinMax mode, and return to continuous power measurement: 1 Move to the Power Meter channel and press the [Details] softkey. 2 Move to the [MinMax Mode] parameter and press Enter. 3 Move to , by using the cursor key, and press Enter. How to Hold the Screen Pressing the [Hold/Cnt] softkey allows you to hold the screen so that no new measurements are displayed. Hold is displayed as shown in Figure 55 .
Power Measurement How to Measure Power How to Use Triggers Agilent 8163A/B Series Power Meter modules allow you trigger the instrument to perform tasks and to output trigger signals to external measurement instruments. N O TE For a Dual Power Sensor, you cannot set the averaging time of the slave channel, channel 2, directly. By default, the averaging time of the slave channel, channel 2, is the same value as that for the master channel, channel 1. See Table 10 on page 107 for more details.
How to Measure Power Power Measurement 4 Move to one of the following, by using the cursor key: • , an input trigger will trigger one sample of a measurement function to be performed and to store the result in a data array. • , an input trigger will trigger a complete measurement function to be performed. • , input triggers are ignored. 5 Press Enter.
Power Measurement How to Measure Power 4 Move to one of the following, by using the cursor key: • , a trigger is output when the averaging time period of a measurement finishes. • , a trigger is output when the averaging time period of a measurement begins. • , the output trigger mode is disabled. 5 Press Enter.
How to Measure Power Power Measurement Dual Power Meters - Master and Slave Channels For the Agilent 81635A Dual Power Sensor and the Agilent 81619A Dual Optical Head Interface module, channel 1 is the master channel and channel 2 is the slave channel. The master and slave channels share the same software and hardware triggering system. For some commands, setting parameters for the master channel sets the parameters for the slave channel.
Power Measurement 108 How to Measure Power Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
4 Laser Sources This chapter describes how to use the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System to control fixedwavelength laser source modules. How to Use Laser Source Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 The Laser Wavelength Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 How to Enable/Disable Laser Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 How to Set Attenuation . . . .
Laser Sources How to Use Laser Source Modules How to Use Laser Source Modules Figure 58 Menu of Parameters for a Fixed Wavelength Laser Source The Laser Wavelength Value The laser wavelength value [λ] for a fixed-wavelength laser source module is the calibrated optical wavelength value for the laser source. This is a fixed value, you can display the value but you cannot edit it. Dual-Wavelength Laser Source Modules Dual-wavelength laser source modules have optical outputs at two wavelengths.
How to Use Laser Source Modules Laser Sources 2 Select <1309.6+1551.6>, using the cursor key, and press Enter. You will see the screen in Figure 59 . Figure 59 Dual-Wavelength Laser Source Outputs Both Wavelength N O TE For further information on modulating the optical output of a dualwavelength laser source module, see “How to Modulate Dual-Wavelength Laser Source Modules” on page 115.
Laser Sources How to Use Laser Source Modules How to Set Attenuation The amount of power that is output from a source can be controlled. You can use the attenuation parameter to reduce the optical power of the laser output. Poutput = Psource − ATT (dB) Where, Poutput is the power level at the output of the module, Psource is the power level at the output of the source, and ATT is the attenuation parameter.
How to Use Laser Source Modules Laser Sources How to Modulate the Optical Output How to Change Modulation Source The Modulation Source parameter, [Mod Src], allows you to modulate the output signal. This parameter can be set to Off, Internal, Coherence Control, or Backplane. For details of the Off setting “How to Disable Modulation” on page 113.
Laser Sources How to Use Laser Source Modules How to Use the Internal Modulation The internal modulation is a square wave with a 50% duty cycle. You can set both the amplitude and the frequency of this signal. The amplitude is set by the power parameter. This is the maximum output power of the output signal; at the minimum output power, no power is output. Output Power t Figure 61 The Modulated Signal How to Set the Frequency of a Modulated Signal To set the frequency of the modulation to 6.
How to Use Laser Source Modules Laser Sources How to Modulate Dual-Wavelength Laser Source Modules N O TE N O TE You cannot modulate both wavelengths of the 81554SM Dual-Wavelength Laser Source module independently. If you select both wavelength outputs using the [λ] parameter, you can choose to modulate both outputs at the same frequency or to output both outputs as CW signals.
Laser Sources How to Use Laser Source Modules 9 Move to , by using the cursor key, and press Enter. The text Mod is still displayed in the Laser Source channel. 10Enable the laser output, by pressing the Active hardkey on the module’s front panel.
How to Use Laser Source Modules Laser Sources How to Use Triggers Some Laser Source modules allow you to output trigger signals to external measurement instruments. How to Use Output Triggering You can configure the output trigger connector to output a TTL signal at the frequency of the internal modulation of a Agilent 8163A/B Series Laser Source module. To set your module’s Output Trigger Configuration: 1 See “How to Set the Trigger Configuration” on page 69 for how to configure the trigger connectors.
Laser Sources 118 How to Use Laser Source Modules Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
5 Tunable Lasers This chapter explains how to control Tunable Laser modules from the user interface of the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System. What is a Tunable Laser ?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 How to Set the Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 How to Set the Output Power of a CW Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tunable Lasers How to Perform a Lambda Zero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 Auto Cal Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
What is a Tunable Laser ? Tunable Lasers What is a Tunable Laser ? A tunable laser is a laser source for which the wavelength can be varied through a specified range. The Agilent Technologies Tunable Laser modules also allow you to set the output power, and to choose between continuous wave or modulated power.
Tunable Lasers What is a Tunable Laser ? How to Set the Output Power of a CW Signal How to Set Output Power To set the output power to 555.000 µW: Attenuator If your tunable laser has an built-in optical attenuator, move to [Power Mode], press Enter, move to , and press Enter. 1 Move to the power parameter, [P], and press [Pwr unit]. 2 Move to and press Enter. 3 Press Enter to start editing the output power value. 4 Enter 555.
What is a Tunable Laser ? Tunable Lasers Figure 63 Setting Hogh Power parameters Figure 64 Setting Low SSE parameter N O TE If you select or as the regulated path, both channels output optical power. You can only view or set the parameters for the primary optical output, for example, the high power output for .
Tunable Lasers What is a Tunable Laser ? The LED beside the primary optical output is lit constantly, while the LED beside the secondary optical output flashes. For example, if you select as the regulated path, the LED beside Output 2, the High Power Output, is lit constantly and the LED beside Output 1, the Low SSE optical output, flashes. How to Set the Optical Output 1 Move to [Output] and press Enter. 2 Move to your chosen optical output and press Enter.
What is a Tunable Laser ? Tunable Lasers 4 Move to and press Enter. 5 Type 5.000, using the numerical keypad and press Enter. 6 If [Power Mode] is not set to (see Figure 63 ), that is, it is set , perform the following steps: a Move to [Power Mode] and press Enter. b Move to and press Enter. The attenuation parameter, [Atten.], appears, see Figure 65 . 7 Move to [Atten.], type 3.000, using the numerical keypad, and press Enter.
Tunable Lasers What is a Tunable Laser ? What is Excessive Power ? If the text ExP is displayed in a Tunable Laser channel, see Figure 66 , you have set an output power level that is larger than the laser diode can produce at the selected wavelength.
What is a Tunable Laser ? Tunable Lasers How to Set the Laser to the Dark Position Attenuator If your tunable laser has an built-in optical attenuator, you can use to block all laser light from the output. You can use this as an alternative to disabling the laser. To enable/disable the dark position: 1 Move to the Tunable Laser channel and press the [Menu] softkey. 2 Move to the and press Enter. The Dark Position box appears.
Tunable Lasers What is a Tunable Laser ? The Analog Output If there is an output BNC connector on the front panel of your Tunable Laser module, you can output a DC voltage level that is proportional to the laser output power. The relationship between this voltage level and the output power is not calibrated. Voltage, V [ATTEN.] = 10 dB [ATTEN.] = 0 dB 5V [P], mW 20 mW 2 mW Figure 67 Output Power and the Analog Output in
What is a Tunable Laser ? Tunable Lasers How to Set the BNC Output Line Mode as an Analog Output 5 Press [Menu], move to and press [OK]. 6 Move to , to choose an analog output signal, press Enter, and press [Close]. Attenuator If you want to you use the analog output signal and your Tunable Laser module has an attenuator installed, it is advisable to use Mode and choose a constant attenuation value.
Tunable Lasers How to Set the Wavelength How to Set the Wavelength There are three ways to set the wavelength of the Tunable Laser. • You can set the wavelength (λ) directly, • You can set the wavelength from a base wavelength and an offset in the frequency domain, or • You can set a wavelength range for the instrument to “sweep”. Wavelength Range Every Tunable Laser module has a specified wavelength range. This range is available for all Tunable Laser modules.
How to Set the Wavelength Tunable Lasers How to Set the Wavelength Directly You can set a constant wavelength. To set the wavelength to 1545.500 nm: 1 Move to the Tunable Laser channel. 2 Move to the wavelength parameter, [λ], and press Enter. 3 Enter 1545.500 and press Enter.
Tunable Lasers How to Set the Wavelength How to Set a Relative Wavelength You use a relative wavelength for heterodyning, for example, when you are measuring the linewidth of DFB (distributed feedback) lasers. The output wavelength, λ, is set from the base wavelength, λ0, and the frequency offset, df. The formula for calculating the output wavelength is: cλ 0 λ = ---------------------λ 0 df + c where c is the speed of light in a vacuum (2.998×108 ms−1). To set a frequency offset of 1.
How to Set the Wavelength Tunable Lasers How to Change the Output Wavelength 1 Move to [λ] and press Enter. [λ] is the output wavelength, λ, in the equation above. 2 Enter 1570 and press Enter. N O TE Note how the frequency offset, [∆f], changes as you change the value of [λ]. How to Set the Base Wavelength N O TE You cannot set <λ0>, the base wavelength directly. 3 Press [λ->λ0] to set <λ0> to 1570 nm. <λ0> represents the base wavelength, λ0, in the equation above.
Tunable Lasers How to Perform a Wavelength Sweep How to Perform a Wavelength Sweep What is a Wavelength Sweep ? A wavelength sweep is performed when the instrument changes the optical wavelength of the optical output across a user-defined wavelength range. You can use a wavelength sweep to measure the wavelengthdependent loss of an optical component.
How to Perform a Wavelength Sweep Tunable Lasers How to Set the Wavelength Sweep The Sweep Parameters These are the parameters for the wavelength sweep: • [λ Start], the wavelength at which the sweep begins, • [λ Stop], the wavelength at which the sweep ends, • [Step], the size of the change in the wavelength for each step of a stepped sweep, • [Cycles], the number of times the sweep is repeated, • [Dwell], the amount of time spent at the wavelength during each step, for a stepped sweep • [Vsweep], the sp
Tunable Lasers How to Perform a Wavelength Sweep • Select , if you want to start every sweep cycle at [λ Start] and to end every sweep cycle at [λ Stop]. Figure 71 illustrates how these modes work for a three-cycle wavelength sweep. λ 1 2 λ 3 λ Stop λ Stop λ Start λ Start t 1 2 3 t Figure 71 Repeat Modes How to Set the Maximum Power for the Sweep Range Pressing [Pmax/Swp] sets the power to the maximum for the selected sweep range.
How to Perform a Wavelength Sweep Tunable Lasers How to Perform a Sweep There are three sweep modes: • , which dwells at wavelengths that are separated by a certain step size, • , which sweeps continually at the speed you set, and • , which you can run each step manually. N O TE You cannot turn the laser off by pressing the Active hardkey on the Tunable Laser front panel, while a wavelength sweep is running.
Tunable Lasers How to Perform a Wavelength Sweep 18The wavelength is swept automatically but you can: a press [Stop] to end the sweep, or b press [Pause] to pause the sweep. The screen in Figure 73 appears. You can: •Press [Continue] to continue sweeping automatically. •Press [Prev] or [Next] to sweep manually. •Press [Stop] to end the sweep.
How to Perform a Wavelength Sweep Tunable Lasers How to Execute a Continuous Sweep N O TE Continuous sweep mode is not available for the Agilent 81689A Tunable Laser module. You cannot choose a repeat mode for a continuous sweep. All multi-cycle sweeps are one-directional, see Figure 71 . To execute a continuous wavelength sweep over the range 1520 nm to 1560 nm, three times, at a speed of 5 nm/s: 1 Move to the Tunable Laser channel and press [Details]. 2 Move to [Sweep Mode] and press Enter.
Tunable Lasers How to Perform a Wavelength Sweep 368,LambdaStop <=Lamb start wavelength must be smaller than stop wavelength daStart 369,sweepTime < min the total time of the sweep is too small 370,sweepTime > max the total time of the sweep is too large 371,triggerFreq > max the trigger frequency (calculated from sweep speed divided by sweep step) is too large 372,step < min step size too small 373,triggerNum > max the number of triggers exceeds the allowed limit 374,LambdaLogging = On The only
How to Perform a Wavelength Sweep Tunable Lasers 6 Press [Run Swp] to start the sweep. The screen in Figure 74 then appears. 7 You can: • press [Next] to move on to the next wavelength step, • press [Prev] to move on to the previous wavelength step, or • press [Stop] to end the sweep. Figure 74 Performing a Manual Sweep 8 Perform step 6 until you choose to press [Stop].
Tunable Lasers How to Modulate a Signal How to Modulate a Signal N O TE The signal modulation feature is not available when Auto Cal Off is selected. There are two ways of modulating the amplitude of the optical output. • Using the internal modulation, and • using external modulation. How to Use the Internal Modulation The internal modulation is a square wave with a 50% duty cycle. You can set both the amplitude and the frequency of this signal. The amplitude is set by the power parameter.
How to Modulate a Signal Tunable Lasers 7 Enter 6.500 press Enter. How to Set the Modulation Mode 8 Move to the modulation source parameter, [Mod Src], and press Enter. 9 Move to , by using the cursor key, and press Enter. The text Int appears in the Tunable Laser channel.
Tunable Lasers How to Modulate a Signal How to Use External Modulation The following external modulation modes are available: • - External Digital Modulation • - External Analog Modulation • - Wavelength Locking • - External Digital Modulation using Input Trigger connector or Trigger Feedback from another module in the same mainframe. •
How to Modulate a Signal Tunable Lasers To enable external digital modulation: 1 Move to the Tunable Laser channel and press [Details]. 2 Move to [Mod Src] and press Enter. 3 Move to by using the cursor key, and press Enter. The text ExtD appears in the Tunable Laser channel. External Analog Modulation External analog modulation uses a signal of up to 5 Vpp. A 5 Vpp signal causes 15% modulation of the power of the optical signal.
Tunable Lasers How to Modulate a Signal Wavelength Locking You can choose wavelength locking as the modulation source, so the the change in output wavelength is roughly proportional to the voltage you apply to the input BNC connector on the front panel of your Tunable Laser module as shown in Figure 78 . This enables you to fine tune the output wavelength within a limited wavelength range. Wavelength locking may exhibit some hysteresis effects.
How to Modulate a Signal Tunable Lasers External Digital Modulation using Input Trigger Connector External digital modulation uses a TTL-level signal. Apply this signal to the Input Trigger connector on the rear panel of your mainframe. For information on external digital modulation, see “External Digital Modulation” on page 144. CAU T ION A maximum of 5 V can be applied as an external voltage to the Input Trigger connector, see page 310.
Tunable Lasers How to Modulate a Signal 1 Choose a “master” source module.
How to Modulate a Signal Tunable Lasers How to Configure the Modulation Output If your Tunable Laser module has a BNC output connector on its front panel, to synchronize your external measuring equipment to the modulation of the module: 1 Move to the Tunable Laser channel and press Menu. How to Set the BNC Output Line Mode as a Modulation Output 2 Move to and press [OK]. 3 Move to , by using the cursor key.
Tunable Lasers How to Use Triggers How to Use Triggers Some Tunable Laser modules allow you to trigger the instrument to perform tasks and to output trigger signals to external measurement instruments. How to Use Input Triggering You can configure your Tunable Laser module to perform certain tasks when you apply a trigger to the Input Trigger Connector. CAU T ION A maximum of 5 V can be applied as an external voltage to the Input Trigger connector, see page 310.
How to Use Triggers Tunable Lasers Figure 79 Input Trigger Mode 4 Move to one of the following, by using the cursor key: • , input triggers are ignored. • , an input trigger will cause the next step of a stepped sweep to be performed. • , an input trigger will start a single sweep cycle. 5 Press Enter.
Tunable Lasers How to Use Triggers How to Use Output Triggering You can configure your Tunable Laser module to output a trigger when the instrument performs certain tasks. To set your module’s Output Trigger Configuration: 1 See “How to Set the Trigger Configuration” on page 69 for how to configure the trigger connectors. 2 Move to the Tunable Laser channel and press [Menu]. 3 Move to
How to Use Auxiliary Functions Tunable Lasers How to Use Auxiliary Functions Automatic Realignment Automatic Realignment realigns the laser cavity after Laser Protection. You should use Automatic Realignment if you have already tried to reactivate the laser and to reduce power, and this has been unsuccessful. N O TE To get the specified performance, ensure that the warm-up time has passed before starting realignment. To realign the laser cavity: 1 Move to the Tunable Laser channel and press Menu.
Tunable Lasers How to Use Auxiliary Functions N O TE If the TLS recommends Realign (after boot or during a manual lambda zero), then “UNCAL” is shown on the user interface in both Autocal modes. No Accuracy class is shown in the Autocal Off mode.
How to Use Auxiliary Functions Tunable Lasers How to Perform a Lambda Zero Performing a Lambda Zero recalibrates the optical wavelength. This wavelength may drift due to a change in temperature and other environmental conditions. A Lambda Zero is automatically performed when the instrument boots or when an Automatic Realignment is performed. The instrument automatically performs a wavelength zero from time to time.
Tunable Lasers How to Use Auxiliary Functions Auto Cal Off The disabling of the Auto Calibration feature enables the TLS to operate for a long period without interrupting the operation for “Auto Lambda Zeroing (setting)”. When Auto Calibration is disabled, it is possible to operate the TLS at a temperature that differs more than 4.4 K from the last Lambda Zeroing temperature. In this case, the accuracy and wavelength performance of the TLS can become less optimal due to temperature variation.
How to Use Auxiliary Functions N O TE N O TE Tunable Lasers If Lambda Zero is recommended (Accuracy Class is not ACC1) the 10th bit of the “questionable condition register” is set (See the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System Programming Guide). This is done in both Auto Cal On and Off. When Auto Cal is on, during sweeps, there is no interruption to the measurement due to settling.
Tunable Lasers 158 How to Use Auxiliary Functions Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
6 Compact Tunable Lasers This chapter explains how to use the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, or Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System together with the modular Agilent compact Tunable Laser family. Here you will find: • A brief description of the compact Tunable Laser family, • A description of how to use these modules, including the SBS Suppression feature. Compact Tunable Laser modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compact Tunable Lasers Compact Tunable Laser modules Compact Tunable Laser modules The Agilent compact Tunable Laser Source (TLS) family includes:.
How to Use a compact Tunable Laser Compact Tunable Lasers How to Use a compact Tunable Laser The User Interface Compact TLS modules utilize the User Interface described in the “Tunable Lasers” on page 119. A description of how to use their modulation features given following “How to Modulate a Signal” on page 142.
Compact Tunable Lasers How to Use a compact Tunable Laser •Set a value for the SBS suppression control level, SBSC lvl, appropriate to your application.
7 Return Loss Measurement This chapter explains how to use the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, or Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System to measure Return Loss.
Return Loss Measurement Getting Started With Return Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 What is Return Loss? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165 What is Insertion Loss? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165 Equipment required. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166 How to Choose a Light Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 Return Loss Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Getting Started With Return Loss Return Loss Measurement Getting Started With Return Loss What is Return Loss? When light passes through an optical component most of it travels in the intended direction, but some light is reflected or scattered. In many applications these reflections are unwanted, because they can affect the emission characteristics of any laser in the system. In such applications, it is important to measure the reflections for the components of the system.
Return Loss Measurement Getting Started With Return Loss Equipment required Return Loss and Insertion Loss can be measured in several ways. The method used by the Agilent 8161x series Return Loss modules requires the following equipment: • An Agilent 81610A Return Loss module (where an internal source is not present), or an Agilent 81611A, 81612A or 81613A Return Loss module (where an internal source is present).
Getting Started With Return Loss Return Loss Measurement How to Choose a Light Source Highly accurate return loss measurement requires that you use a light source with a subset of the following properties: • low coherence length • high power • [and, for the 81534A, power stability.
Return Loss Measurement Getting Started With Return Loss Return Loss Modules The applicability of the available Return Loss modules is outlined below: Agilent 81610A Return Loss module The Agilent 81610A Return Loss Module includes a power sensor, monitor diode and two couplers in one module. It is for use in the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System for making return loss measurements.
Getting Started With Return Loss Return Loss Measurement Agilent 81613A Return Loss modules Agilent 81613A Return Loss modules include a power sensor, monitor diode, three couplers, and two internal laser source in one module. They are for use in the Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System for making return loss measurements.
Return Loss Measurement Calibration Measurements Calibration Measurements Before measuring the reflection factor of a device under test (DUT), it is important to take calibration measurements as described in “Calibrating the Return Loss Module” on page 176. These calibrations eliminate wavelength dependencies, coupler directivity, insertion losses, backscattering and other non-ideal characteristics of the system.
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement Connectors The Return Loss measurement setup described uses Diamond HMS10/Agilent/HRL and Diamond HMS-10/Agilent connectors throughout. Patchcord on RL module Output It is recommended that you attach a patchcord with a high return loss connector to the Return Loss module output. CAU T ION Agilent Technologies supplies patchcords with a Diamond HMS10/Agilent/HRL high return loss connector on one end.
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement Setup External and Internal Sources The Return Loss measurement setup described uses: • An Agilent 81654A Source module, inserted as a second module in the the same mainframe as the Return Loss module, or • An internal source (Agilent 81611A/2A/3A/4A Return Loss modules only).
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement Remove electrical offsets 3 Make sure that the source is not active and that you have covered the end of the patchcord to prevent light being coupled into the end. Move to the Return Loss module channel and press [Zero] to remove electrical offsets in the instrument. Set Averaging Time 4 Move to the [AvgTime] parameter (the measurement averaging time). Make sure that the selected averaging time is suitable for your measurements.
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement T-Value The T-value can be described as the effective return loss of a system, with all internal parasitic reflections taken into account, in one parameter. The system's internal parasitic reflections include backscattering in the measurement patchcord, reflections due to imperfect directivity of the internal couplers, reflections at internal terminations, reflections at connector ends and diodes.
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement Mpara is power at the source monitor diode when making a terminated/parasitic calibration. RL ref is the return loss reference value set by the user for the reference calibration.
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement Calibrating the Return Loss Module Whenever a Return Loss module is in the mainframe, a return loss value is displayed. The calibration values used are either the most recently measured, where these are available, or factory default values. If you are unsure of any of the calibration values that you are using, or if you have changed the measurement setup, take the appropriate calibration measurements again.
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement Calibration using the Agilent 81000BR Reference Reflector You can use the agilent 81000BR Reference Reflector to make a Reflectance Calibration, and a Termination Calibration. Reflectance Calibration Use this procedure to calibrate the Return Loss module against a component of known return loss. 1 Making sure all the connectors are clean, set up the instrument as shown in Figure 93 if you are using an External Source.
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement 5 Move to [RLref] and make sure that the displayed value is correct. Set [RLref] to the value of the return loss of the reference reflection you are using. For example, if you are using the Agilent 81000BR reference reflector, set [RLref] to 0.18 dB. Figure 95 Measuring the Reflection Reference 6 Switch on the Laser. 7 Press [Menu]. Move to and press Enter. The instrument measures the power reflected by the back reflector.
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement 1 Making sure all the connectors are clean, set up the instrument as shown in Figure 96 if you are using an External Source, 8161x Termination Laser Source 8163B Lightwave Multimeter Agilent 81113PC Agilent 81113PC Figure 96 Termination Calibration - External source or Figure 97 if you are using an internal source (Agilent 81611A/2A/3A/4A Return Loss modules only).
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement Calibration using the Agilent 81610CC Reference Cable Use the Agilent 816100CC Refernce Cable to make a Reflectance Calibration, and the measurement patchcord to make a Termination Calibration. To measure insertion loss and the front panel delta of the system (see “Calculating the Front Panel Delta” on page 195), you must also measure the insertion loss of the Reference Cable and mesurement patchcord.
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement 3 Move to [RLref], press [Edit]. Make sure that the displayed value of [RLref] is correct. If it is not, move to [RLref], press [Edit], set the value the return loss value of the reference cable you are using, then press [OK]. 4 Switch on the Laser. 5 Press [Menu]. Move to and press Enter. The instrument measures the power reflected by the reference cable. The [RL] value changes to the same value as entered for [RLref].
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement 2 Move to the Power Sensor channel: • Press [Menu]. • Move to , move to and press Enter. • Move to and press Enter. This sets the power transmitted through the reference cable, EMeas, as the reference value [. 3 Press [Close] to exit from the menu. Measuring the Power Transmitted through the Measurement Patchcord Next, measure the power tramsmitted through the measurement patch cord.]
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement front panel delta of the measurement system. • Press [Close] to exit from the menu. 3 Move to the Return Loss module channel: • Press [Menu], move to , press [OK] • Enter the power value in dB, [P], displayed by the power sensor, as the front panel delta, then press [OK]. • Press [Close] to exit from the menu.
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement 3 Move to [Terminated calibration] and press Enter. The instrument measures the power reflected by the component, and sets the [Para] values used by the Return Loss monitor’s power sensor and monitor diode. How to Measure Return Loss It is not necessary to make new calibration measurements for each DUT. You can make the calibration measurements for your system, and then measure the return loss of many devices.
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement Measuring the Insertion Loss To measure insertion loss, you measure the power transmitted through the DUT, as shown in Figure 107 . As you have already, in Step 2 on page 182, set the [Ref] parameter to the power transmitted through the Reference Cable. The displayed power in dB is equal to the insertion loss. N O TE Set the Front Panel Delta as described on “Front Panel Delta Calibration” on page 181.
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement Viewing the Calibration Values The Return Loss module calibration values used are either the most recently measured, where these are available, or factory default values. If you are unsure of the calibration values you are using, or if you have changed your measurement setup, make the appropriate calibration measurements again. 1 Press [Menu]. Move to the menu item.
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement calibraion, or you can use the default setting held in the factory calibration. • [Ref], the power measured by the Return Loss module’s monitor diode during the reflectance calibration in dBm • [Meas], the power currently measured by the Return loss Module’s internal monitor diode in dBm Figure 109 The Calibration Parameters Screens - Monitor Diode 3 Press [Next]. The Calibration parameters screen for User Data appears, as displayed in Figure 110 .
Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement Figure 110 The Calibration Parameters Screens - User Data 188 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
A Background to Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement A Background to Return Loss Measurement Measuring the Reflected Power from a Component with Known Reflection Factor First, attach a component with a known reflection factor in place of the DUT, and measure the power reflected. This component is called the reflection reference.
Return Loss Measurement A Background to Return Loss Measurement Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the Reflection Reference N O TE You can only measure the Front Panel Delta if you use the a Reflection Reference Cable. Connect your a Reflection Reference Cable to a Power Meter and measure the transmitted power, Eref. You can use Eref to calculate the front panel delta, see “Calculating the Front Panel Delta” on page 195.
A Background to Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the Measurement Patchcord Connect the measurement patch cord (the cable you will use to connect to the Device Under Test, DUT) directly to a Power Meter and measure the transmitted power, EMeas. You can use EMeas to calculate the front panel delta, see “Calculating the Front Panel Delta” on page 195 and to calculate the insertion loss, see “Calculating the Insertion Loss of the DUT” on page 196.
Return Loss Measurement A Background to Return Loss Measurement Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the DUT Remove the termination from the DUT and connect the DUT to a Power Meter so that the power that is transmitted through the DUT can be measured.
A Background to Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement That is: where: The constants t1, t2, k1 and k2 are multipliers giving the proportion of power transmitted through the coupler from the Input port to the Output port and from the Output port to the sensor port respectively. In other words, when optical power is input at the Output port, k2 times that power is output at the sensor port. It is not necessary to know the value for these constants, they can be eliminated later.
Return Loss Measurement A Background to Return Loss Measurement If we substitute equation 3 into equations 2 and 4, this gives us the following two equations: M ref P R ef = c 1 M Ref R R ef + --------------- P M para p ara (5) M DUT P DUT = c 1 M DUT R DUT + --------------- P M para para (6) If we subtract Ppara from equations 5 and 6, this gives us the following equations: If we divide equation 8 by equation 7, this gives us the following equations: Thus we can use the equation below to calculate
A Background to Return Loss Measurement Return Loss Measurement Calculating the Front Panel Delta The Front Panel Delta is the change in loss variation that is caused by replacing the reference cable, as used in “Reflectance Calibration” on page 180, with the measurement patchcord, as used in “How to Measure Return Loss” on page 184. This is caused by differences in reflections from the front panel connector and also differences in the backscatter level of the fibers.
Return Loss Measurement A Background to Return Loss Measurement If we divide equation 11 by equation 12, this gives the following equation: a Ref E Ref --------------- = --------------E Meas a Meas (15) The loss variation, ∆L, due to exchanging the reference cable for the measurement cable is given by: (16) When you enter a value for the Front Panel Delta, , the instrument automatically performs the following calculation: RL = RL DUT + 2∆L (17) Calculating the Insertion Loss of the DUT Inser
8 Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels This chapter explains how to use the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, or Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System together with the 8157xA family of Variable Optical Attenuator modules to attenuate and control optical power in single-mode optical fibers.
Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels Agilent 8157xA Variable Optical Attenuator modules Agilent 8157xA Variable Optical Attenuator modules The Agilent 8157xA Variable Optical Attenuator family includes three attenuator modules and two attenuator modules with power control.
How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module The User Interface The Overview Display Figure 119 is an Overview screen taken from an 8164A/B mainframe. Figure 119 81570A/71A/73A Attenuator module, 8164A/B GUI Overview Here: • Slot 1 hosts a tunable laser, • Slot 2 hosts an 81570A/71A/73A Attenuator module, • Slot 4 hosts a reference powermeter.
Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module • If the Attenuator module and the reference powermeter are not hosted by the same mainframe, but the mainframes are connected via a GP-IB bus to a PC or host computer, GP-IB commands can be used to perform the calibration steps. The procedures used are outlined in our Application Note 5988-3159EN : “Variable Optical Attenuator in BER Test Applications”.
How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels Number of Digits displayed To select the number of significant decimal places displayed: 1 Press the [Menu] softkey. 2 Use the Cursor key to highlight , then press Enter. 3 Select <1>, <2>, <3> or <4>. 4 Press [OK], then press [Close]. Power Units To select the units used to display power values: 1 Use the Cursor key to highlight a power parameter (Pset or Pref ), then press the [Pwr Unit] softkey.
Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module How to Control the Shutter The optical path of the Attenuator module is controlled by a shutter, which you can use both for protection purposes or to simulate channel drops. When the shutter is open, the green LED on the attenuator module’s front panel is lit. The Enable button Press the Enable button, located on the front panel of the Attenuator module, to toggle the shutter state.
How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels How to Set Attenuation Before applying an attenuation factor, set the Attenuator module to the appropriate wavelength. 8157xA modules The instrument utilizes a filter technology with a very low wavelength dependence. Nevertheless, for the best possible accuracy: • If the source is of a particular wavelength, set the Attenuator module to that wavelength.
Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module 4 Use the Cursor key to highlight the α parameter, then press [Edit]. 5 Use the Cursor key to enter the required attenuation factor, in dB. 6 Press [OK]. Filter Transition Speed By default, the Attenuator’s filter transitions to a new α setting as quickly as possible. If your test setup requires a slower filter transition speed, press [Menu], then select the option. Select a speed between 0.
How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels 10 Use the cursor key to enter the insertion loss measured at Step 7, then press [OK]. 11 Disconnect the patchcord from the reference powermeter and connect it to the DUT input. Figure 122 81570A/71A/73A - Attenuation factor applied with no offset Figure 122 shows an attenuation factor α of 3.850 dB applied with no αOffset .
Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module Figure 123 shows an α Offset of 1.651 dB ‘added in’ to the attenuation factor α to calibrate for intrinsic insertion losses in the test setup. 815676A/77A modules The [PM -> Off ] softkey offered by the α Offset parameter is functionally equivalent to the [PM -> Off ] softkey offered by the POffset parameter.
How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels How to Set a Power Level Single-wavelength signals Set the λ parameters to the wavelength of the source. You can edit PSET to set the power output of the Attenuator directly.
Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module Preconditions • To make the calibration as quick and simple as possible, host your reference powermeter in the same mainframe as the Attenuator module, as described in “Hosting a Reference Powermeter” on page 199. • Before taking a power measurement, make sure the source is warmed up so that its power output is stable. • It is good practice to zero the reference powermeter before calibrating your test setup.
How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels 6 Edit the PSET parameter to set the power applied to the DUT. The attenuation, α , displayed is updated to reflect the new PSET value. N O TE Your calibration is valid until there is some change to the power applied to the input of the Attenuator module. For example, if you change the optical path to the Attenuator module, you must recalibrate.
Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module • To set the measurement Averaging Time used by the powermeter incorporated in the Attenuator module, press [Menu] , select , press [OK], select your preferred Averaging Time, press [OK], then press [Close]. As with any powermeter, a longer Averaging Time increases accuracy and noise rejection, but increases response time.
How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels 6 Edit the PSET parameter to control the absolute power applied to the DUT. The attenuation, α , displayed is updated to reflect the new PSET value. Figure 124 81576A/77A Setting PSET after calibration using [PM->Off] Figure 124 shows an absolute power PSET of -10 dBm applied to a DUT. Here: • A power offset P Offset of 0.376 dB is applied to calibrate for losses between the Attenuator and the DUT.
Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module How to Compensate for Wavelength Dependencies in your test setup To allow you to compensate for wavelength dependencies in your test setup, your attenuator module can store an array of up to 1000 wavelength : Offset pairs in a λ Offset Table. How to Apply a λ Offset Table Select the [Offset (λ)] parameter to enable or disable the Wavelength Offset Table or .
How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels Figure 125 The λ Offset Table Figure 125 shows the fourth, fifth and sixth entries in a λ Offset Table displayed on an 8164A/B mainframe. • To display the previous three entries, press the [Prev] softkey. • To display the next three entries, press the [Next] softkey. 4 Press the [Add] softkey. • Enter the wavelength λ.
Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module How to Construct a λ Offset Table The procedures used to store the results of wavelength calibration process using GP-IB commands are outlined in our Application Note 5988-3159EN : “Variable Optical Attenuator in BER Test Applications”.
How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels During a test that utilizes the λ Offset Table When the Offset (λ) feature is on the exact offset applied depends on how the operating wavelength λ you set for the Attenuator module relates to the λ Offset Table entries, as shown in Figure 126 .
Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module How to Use the Power Control Feature 81576A/77A Attenuator modules incorporate Power Control functionality that automatically corrects for power changes at its input to maintain your desired output power. This feature is designed to compensate, for example, for output power drift by the source. When Power Control is On: • If Pactual deviates by more than 0.
How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels Attenuator Menu Options 81570A/71A/73A Menu Options Press the [Menu] softkey to display the window shown in Figure 127 .
Setting Attenuation and/or Power Levels How to Use a Variable Optical Attenuator module • Use the Cursor key to scroll to two additional options: , and . • The , , , , and options are associated with the Attenuator’s integrated powermeter. • For more information about the option, refer to “How to Use Triggers” on page 104.
9 Switching Optical Routes This chapter explains how to use the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, or Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System together with the 8159xB family of Optical Switch modules to change optical routes during a test without having to disconnect and reconnect fibers.
Switching Optical Routes Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch modules Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch modules The Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch family includes 1x2 Switch modules, 2x2 Switch modules, and 1x4 Switch modules. The switches are available in single-mode version (option 009) with angled 9/125 µm FC/APC connector interface or multimode version (option 062) with straight 50/125 µm FC/PC connector interface.
How to Use an Optical Switch module Switching Optical Routes How to Use an Optical Switch module The User Interface The Overview Display Figure 130 is an Overview screen taken from an 8164A/B mainframe. Figure 130 Optical Switch module, User Interface Overview display Here: • Slot 0 hosts a backloadable tunable laser, • Slot 1 hosts an Agilent 81594B 2x2 non-blocking (crossover) switch, • Slot 2 hosts a return loss module.
Switching Optical Routes How to Use an Optical Switch module Figure 131 Optical Switch module, 8164A/B User Interface Details Screen Elements All the figures in this chapter are taken from an 8164A/B mainframe. The user interface for an 8163A, 8163B, 8166A or 8163B mainframe may differ in detail but the available functionality is identical. Configuration The Optical Switch configuration is indicated at the top left of the user interface.
How to Use an Optical Switch module N O TE Switching Optical Routes For all switch modules the signal paths are bi-directional. Dependent and Independent Routing Dependent Routing If Route A <-> is dependent on Route B <->, editing the number of the port assigned to Route A <-> automatically updates the number of the port assigned to Route B <->.
Switching Optical Routes How to Use an Optical Switch module How to set Route A To switch the route between port A and another numbered port: 1 Use the Cursor key to highlight [Route A <->], then press Enter. 2 Use the Cursor key to enter the number of the port required. If the Switch module incorporates independent routing, you cannot select a numbered port assigned to port B. 3 Press [OK]. If the switch module has dependent routing, [Route B <->] is updated automatically.
How to Use an Optical Switch module Switching Optical Routes How to Toggle the Switch path You can use [Toggle] softkey, or the Toggle button located on the Optical Switch module front panel, to select each of the available routes for a channel in turn. N O TE The route selected between port A and another numbered port is indicated in the user interface and by two lit green LEDs on the front panel of the Optical Switch module.
Switching Optical Routes Typical Applications Typical Applications This section provides some examples of typical test configurations that demonstrate how an Agilent 8159xB Optical Switch module can be used to achieve test automation, and improve test repeatability. Selecting a Laser Source In Figure 132 , an Agilent 81591B 1x2 Optical Switch is used to select one of two different sources (different wavelengths) as the input to the DUT.
Typical Applications Switching Optical Routes Selecting Measurement and Calibration Paths In Figure 133 , an Agilent 81591B 1x2 Optical Switch is used to select between the measurement path and the calibration path. DUT Source Power Meter measurement and analysis equipment automated control Figure 133 Measurement Path selection Inserting or Bypassing an Optical Component In Figure 134 , an Agilent 81594B 2x2 non-blocking (crossover) Optical Switch is used to insert or bypass a fiber spool.
Switching Optical Routes Typical Applications Selecting one of several DUTs in a parallel test setup In Figure 135 , two Agilent 81595B 1x4 Optical Switches are used to select one of up to four DUTs in a parallel test setup. 1 x 4 switch 1 x 4 switch DUT DUT DUT DUT Source Analyzing Instruments Figure 135 DUT selection in a parallel test setup Selecting one of several instruments In Figure 136 , an Agilent 81595B 1x4 Optical Switch is used to select one of up to four analysing instrument.
10 Applications This chapter explains how to set up and perform the following applications using the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter or Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System: • The Logging application logs and displays power measurements. The Logging application performs measurements consecutively without the possibility of any pause between measurements. • The Stability application logs and displays power measurements.
Applications Working with Application Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 How to Set Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 How to Zoom In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 How to Zoom Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234 To Switch the Grid On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234 How to Use Legends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Working with Application Graphs Applications Working with Application Graphs If you press the [Graph] softkey, a graph similar to Figure 137 appears. This section explains how to use the graph. Figure 137 The Application Graph There are four markers A, B, C, and D. You can use these markers to choose the area of the graph that you wish to zoom into. For the Logging and Stability applications, the time values of A and B are displayed at the bottom of the screen in units of seconds.
Applications Working with Application Graphs N O TE 232 As a default, the C and D markers are out of range when you first open a graph. See “How to Set Markers” on page 233, for more information on setting moving markers.
Working with Application Graphs Applications How to Set Markers To position a marker: 1 Move to the marker by pressing [Next], the Enter hardkey, or the Modify Knob repeatedly until the marker is selected. 2 You can change the position of a marker in one of the following ways: • Press [Menu], move to , and press Enter. The current setting for the selected marker appears. Edit this value to your required value and press Enter.
Applications Working with Application Graphs How to Zoom Out To zoom out one level around the active marker: 1 Press the [Next] softkey until you move to your chosen marker. 2 Position the marker using the cursor key. 3 Press the [ZoomOut] softkey to zoom out one level from the active marker. In this way, you can zoom out from the active marker and the zoom function is separate for the x and y axes. To zoom out to the fullest extent: 1 Press the [Menu] softkey. The menu appears.
Working with Application Graphs Applications How to Use Legends Legends are used to identify Power Meter channels on the graph in the following ways: • Legend numbers that are displayed on the graph. • Legend texts can be accessed by pressing the [Menu] softkey and moving to
Applications Working with Application Graphs Figure 138 The Graph Legend Screen 2 Move to the legend number you wish to edit using the cursor keys and press Enter. The on-screen keyboard appears. 3 Use the on-screen keyboard to edit the legend label and press Enter. The on-screen keyboard uses the following softkeys: • Move to the required character using the cursor keys and press the [Select] softkey to select to add the selected character to the end of the legend label.
Working with Application Graphs Applications How to Select the Samples Display The samples display determines how the curves of the graph are represented. To choose the samples display: 1 Press the [Menu] softkey and move to . A box displaying the following options appears: • - the curve will be displayed using a line that connects between each sample of the curve.
Applications Working with Application Graphs Figure 140 Samples Display - • - the curve will be displayed using both symbols for each sample of the curve and a line connecting each sample. Figure 141 Samples Display - 2 Move to your selected option and press Enter. 3 Press the [Close] softkey to return to the graph.
Working with Application Graphs Applications How to Read Curve Values You can lock markers A or B to a curve in order to move between individual samples. In this way, you can read the time/wavelength and power values that relate to each sample and the difference between these values for markers A and B. How to Lock Markers to the Curve You can lock markers A and B to curves by performing the following instructions: 1 Press the [Menu] softkey and move to .
Applications Working with Application Graphs 5 If you want to assign marker B to another curve, press the [B] softkey, use the cursor key to move to the legend number of the curve to which you want to lock marker B, and press Enter. 6 Press Close to return to the graph. How to Unlock Markers from the Curve You can unlock markers A and B from the curve by performing the following instructions: 1 Press the [Menu] softkey. 2 Move to and press Enter to return to the graph.
Working with Application Graphs Applications Figure 144 Lock the Samples Off N O TE You can only lock/unlock markers to samples if you have already locked markers to the curve, see “How to Lock Markers to the Curve” on page 239. To lock/unlock markers to samples: 1 Press the [Menu] softkey. 2 Move to one of the following menu items: • , to lock markers to samples or • , to lock markers to the curve.
Applications The Logging Application The Logging Application The Logging data acquisition application logs a series of power measurements for a number of Power Meter channels, plots the results as a graph, and generates a statistical analysis of the results.
The Logging Application Applications How to Set Up a Logging Function To set up a logging function: 1 Press the Appl hardkey. The Applications menu, as shown in Figure 146 , appears. Figure 146 The Applications Menu 2 Move to and press Enter. The Agilent 8164A/B Logging Setup Screen, as shown in Figure 147 , or the Agilent 8163A/B Logging Modules Setup Screen, as shown in Figure 148 , appears depending on the mainframe instrument you are using.
Applications The Logging Application Figure 147 The Agilent 8164A/B Logging Setup Screen Figure 148 The Agilent 8163B Logging Modules Setup Screen Selecting/Deselecting Power Meters 3 Move to the Module Selection box. As a default, all Power Meters are selected, this means that all Power Meters will log power measurements. Press [Edit].
The Logging Application Applications 4 To deselect a Power Meter channel, move to the Power Meter as denoted by slot and channel numbers, see “Slot and Channel Numbers” on page 41, press [Unset]. 5 To select a Power Meter channel, press [Edit], move to the Power Meter as denoted by slot and channel numbers, see “Slot and Channel Numbers” on page 41, press [Set]. 6 Perform steps until you have selected the required Power Meters for your application and press Enter.
Applications The Logging Application 7 Press [Menu] to access the Logging application menu screen. 8 Move to , press Enter, move to , , or , and press Enter. See “What are the Power Units ?” on page 85 for an explanation of power units. 9 Move to <λ>, press Enter, enter the wavelength value of your optical source, and press Enter. N O TE Make sure that you install Power Meters that have similar wavelength ranges.
The Logging Application Applications 13Move to [, press Enter, move to one of the following referencing modes: • , you set a reference value using ][, see step 14, • , the first sample for each channel of the logging function is selected as the reference value for all subsequent measurements for that channel, • , the value that Channel 1 measures is updated as the reference value for each set of power measurements (thus, each data value for channel 1 will be 0 d]
Applications The Logging Application Running a Logging Application 1 You can run the logging application by pressing [Measure]. The Logging Measurement screen, as shown in Figure 150 , appears. A progress bar shows the proportion of the logging application that has been completed. N O TE If the averaging time [AvgTime] is less than 100 ms for an Agilent 8163xA/B series powermeter, the progress bar and the graph are not updated until the measurement completes.
The Logging Application Applications Figure 151 The Logging Measurement Screen - Measurement Completed Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition 249
Applications The Logging Application Analysing a Logging Application You can access the Logging Analysis screen after the logging application completes, by completing the following instructions: 1 You cannot access the Logging Analysis screen from the graph. If you are viewing the graph, press [Close]. 2 Press [Analysis]. The Logging Analysis screen appears as shown in Figure 152 for the Agilent 8164A/B and Figure 149 for the Agilent 8163B.
The Logging Application Applications Figure 153 The Agilent 8163B Logging Analysis Screen - First Screen Setting Analysis Parameters 3 To edit the power units used for the analysis, move to [W], press Enter, move to , , or , and press Enter. See “What are the Power Units ?” on page 85 for an explanation of power units.
Applications The Logging Application Viewing the Statistics for a Power Meter Channel 1 If you are using the Agilent 8164A/B, move to [Stat Ch.], press Enter, move to a Power Meter channel, and press Enter. If you are using the Agilent 8163A/B, press [More], the screen in Figure 154 appears, move to [Stat Ch.], press Enter, move to a Power Meter channel, and press Enter.
The Logging Application Applications On-Screen Messages The messages listed in the table below may appear at the top of the screen during the Logging application. Table 16 Logging Application On-Screen Messages Agilent 8163A/B Agilent 8164A/B Description Message Message OvR Overrange One of the Power Meter channels has reported an overrange. The over-ranged value is clipped, statistical data is invalid.
Applications The Stability Application The Stability Application The Stability data acquisition application logs a series of power measurements for a number of Power Meter channels, plots the results as a graph, and generates a statistical analysis of the results.
The Stability Application N O TE Applications The total time concludes after the last dwell time period, not after the last averaging time period. The Stability application enables you to make periodic power measurements over a relatively long time period (23 hours, 59 minutes and, 59 seconds). The Stability application differs from “The Logging Application” on page 242 because you may use auto-ranging mode, see step 9 on page 258 for more information.
Applications The Stability Application How to Set Up a Stability Function To set up a stability function: 1 Press the Appl hardkey. The Applications menu, as shown in Figure 146 , appears. Move to and press Enter. The Stability Setup Screen, as shown in Figure 156 , appears.
The Stability Application Applications Figure 157 The Agilent 8163B Stability Module Setup Screen Selecting/Deselecting Power Meters 2 Move to the Module Selection box. As a default, all Power Meters are selected, this means that all Power Meters will log power measurements. Press [Edit]. 3 To deselect a Power Meter channel, move to the Power Meter as denoted by slot and channel numbers, see “Slot and Channel Numbers” on page 41, press [Unset].
Applications The Stability Application Figure 158 The Agilent 8163B Stability Parameter Setup Screen 6 Press [Menu] to access the Stability application menu screen. 7 Move to , press Enter, move to , , or , and press Enter. See “What are the Power Units ?” on page 85 for an explanation of power units. 8 Move to <λ>, press Enter, enter the wavelength value of your optical source, and press Enter. N O TE Make sure that you install Power Meters that have similar wavelength ranges.
The Stability Application Applications 10Move to and press Enter. 11If you have chosen as the , move to a range setting and press Enter. If you have chosen as the , a screen displaying all the selected Power Meter channels and their corresponding range settings is displayed. For each selected Power Meter channel, press Enter, move to a range setting, and press Enter.
Applications The Stability Application Running a Stability Application 17You can run the stability application by pressing [Measure]. The Stability Measurement screen, as shown in Figure 159 , appears. A progress bar shows the proportion of the stability application that has been completed. Figure 159 The Stability Measurement Screen - Measurement Running 18There are two softkeys available from the Stability Measurement screen.
The Stability Application Applications Figure 160 The Stability Measurement Screen - Measurement Completed Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition 261
Applications The Stability Application Analysing a Stability Application You can access the Stability Analysis screen after the stability application completes, by completing the following instructions: 20You cannot access the Stability Analysis screen from the graph. If you are viewing the graph, press [Close]. 21Press [Analysis]. The Stability Analysis screen appears as shown in Figure 161 for the Agilent 8164A/B and Figure 161 for the Agilent 8163B.
The Stability Application Applications Figure 162 The Agilent 8163B Stability Analysis Screenn - First Screen Setting Analysis Parameters 22To edit the power units used for the analysis, move to [W], press Enter, move to , , or , and press Enter. See “What are the Power Units ?” on page 85 for an explanation of power units.
Applications The Stability Application Viewing the Statistics for a Power Meter Channel 25If you are using the Agilent 8164A/B, move to [Stat Ch.], press Enter, move to a Power Meter channel, and press Enter. If you are using the Agilent 8163A/B, press [More], a screen similar to that shown in Figure 163 appears, move to [Stat Ch.], press Enter, move to a Power Meter channel, and press Enter.
The Stability Application Applications On-Screen Messages The messages listed in the table below may appear at the top of the screen during the Stability application. Table 17 Stability Application On-Screen Messages Agilent 8163A/B Agilent 8164A/B Description Message Message OvR Overrange One of the Power Meter channels has reported an overrange. The over-ranged value is clipped, statistical data is invalid.
Applications The PACT Application The PACT Application What is the PACT ? PACT (Passive Component Test Software) makes it possible to use your Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter or Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System to control a system for testing pigtailed or connectorized passive devices (filters, couplers, and isolators) over wavelength.
The PACT Application Applications How to Set Up PACT To set up PACT: 1 Insert a Tunable Laser module and at least one Power Meter module into your Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter or Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System. 2 Turn your instrument on. 3 Press the Appl hardkey. The Applications menu, as shown in Figure 146 , appears. 4 Move to and press Enter. The PACT Setup Screen, as shown in Figure 164 , appears.
Applications The PACT Application N O TE If no Tunable Laser module is selected, you cannot exit by pressing Enter. Selecting/Deselecting Power Meters 8 Move to the Module Selection box. As a default, all Power Meters are selected, this means that all Power Meters will log power measurements. Press [Edit]. 9 To deselect a Power Meter channel, move to the Power Meter as denoted by slot and channel numbers, see “Slot and Channel Numbers” on page 41, press [Unset].
The PACT Application Applications 16Move to [Method], press Enter, and move to one of the following sweep modes: • , which dwells at wavelengths that are separated by a certain step size, or • , which sweeps continually at the speed you set. • Press Enter. N O TE Continuous sweep mode is not available for the Agilent 81689A Tunable Laser module.
Applications The PACT Application output of the high power optical output can be regulated, and • , where both optical outputs can be enabled but only the output of the low SSE optical output can be regulated. • Press Enter. How to Measure the Reference 19Press [Reference]. N O TE If [Step] does not divide exactly into the difference between [λ Stop] and [λ Start], the parameters are automatically corrected to meet the constraints of PACT.
The PACT Application Applications N O TE The application chooses the power, [P], see step 15 for more information. 20Press [New Ref]. A box similar to the box in Figure 166 appears prompting you to connect a fiber to the first Power Meter channel. Figure 166 Connection Prompt Screen 21Connect the Tunable Laser module to the Power Meter channel through all the system components, but excluding the Device Under Test. Press [Next] to start the reference measurement.
Applications The PACT Application 23 When the PACT Reference Measurement completes, you hear a beep, an hourglass appears momentarily. If there is another Power Meter channel to reference, you will be prompted to perform this reference measurement from the user interface by a prompt box similar to the box in Figure 166 . Restart this procedure at step 21. If you are viewing the PACT Reference Measurement Finished box, reference sweeps have been performed for all selected Power Meters.
The PACT Application Applications N O TE If [Step] does not divide exactly into the difference between [λ Stop] and [λ Start], the parameters are automatically corrected to meet the constraints of PACT. If the step size is very large in comparison to the sweep range, a box requesting you to correct the [λ Stop], [λ Start], and [Step] may appear. The PACT Measurement Screen, as shown in Figure 168 , appears. The number of samples that each Power Meter will record and the output laser power are displayed.
Applications The PACT Application on zooming in and out. • Press [Cancel] to return to the PACT Reference screen without completing the stability application. N O TE If you choose or as the [Dynamic] parameter and sweep mode, the graph will update at the end of each sweep. Figure 169 shows a graph with low dynamic range that is the result of a single sweep.
The PACT Application Applications Figure 170 High Dynamic Range 27When the PACT Measurement application completes, you hear a beep, an hourglass appears momentarily. If you are viewing the PACT Measurement Screen, the available softkeys change as shown in Figure 171 .
Applications The PACT Application Analysing a PACT Measurement You can access the PACT Analysis screen after the PACT Measurement completes, by completing the following instructions: 28You cannot access the PACT Analysis screen from the graph. If you are viewing the graph, press [Close]. 29Press [Setup]. The Logging Analysis screen appears as shown in Figure 152 . Figure 172 The PACT Analysis Screen The sweep parameters are shown.
The PACT Application Applications On-Screen Messages The messages listed in the table below may appear at the top of the screen during the PACT application. Table 18 PACT Application On-Screen Messages Agilent 8163A/B Agilent 8164A/B Description Message Message SLck SLock The Tunable Laser module is locked. No measurement is possible until you unlock the module, see “How to Lock/Unlock the High-Power Laser Sources” on page 68 for details.
Applications The Pmax Curve The Pmax Curve What is the Pmax Curve ? The Pmax Curve shows the maximum laser output power for your Tunable Laser module across the wavelength range of your Tunable Laser module. How to View the Pmax Curve To view the Pmax Curve: 1 Press the Appl hardkey. The Applications menu, as shown in Figure 146 , appears. 2 Move to and press Enter. The Pmax Curve Screen, as shown in Figure 173 , appears.
The Return Loss Application Applications The Return Loss Application N O TE The Return Loss Application supports the Agilent 81610A-81613A Return Loss Modules. The Application is not available for the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System or the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System. The Return Loss application allows measurement of Return Loss and/or Insertion Loss.
Applications The Return Loss Application Measuring Return Loss and Insertion Loss To measure return loss and insertion loss insert a Return Loss module and a Power Sensor module into the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter. Connect the Return Loss Module to the Power Sensor Module via the Device Under Test (DUT). Both values are shown simultaneously on the display depending on the calibartion and configuration status.
The Return Loss Application Applications Configuration The Return Loss Application can be configured according to your measurement requirements. The following paramters can be configured: • the tool used for reflection calibration (reference reflector or reference cable) • the return loss reference value RLref of the reflector device • the averaging time • the wavelength of the return loss module.
Applications The Return Loss Application Edit The currently selected item on the main screen can be modified using this key. Cal This key starts the guided calibration procedure. Please follow the instructions on the screen to perform a Reflectance Calibration, a Termination Calibration and a Loss Calibration. You will be guided step by step through each stage of the calibration process. Show Cal To display the calibration parameters of the last calibration, press this key.
Recording Measurement Results Applications Recording Measurement Results Printing Application Measurement Results You can print application measurement results by completing the following instructions. 1 Perform any of the following applications as described above: • “The Logging Application” on page 242, • “The Stability Application” on page 254, or • “The PACT Application” on page 266. 2 Move to the Analysis Screen.
Applications Recording Measurement Results 6 The printed results should resemble the page shown in Figure 176 .
Recording Measurement Results Applications Saving Application Measurement Results to Diskette If you are using the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, you can save application measurement results to diskette by completing the following instructions: 1 Perform any of the following applications as described above: • “The Logging Application” on page 242, • “The Stability Application” on page 254, or • “The PACT Application” on page 266. 2 Move to the Analysis Screen.
Applications Recording Measurement Results 7 If you wish to change the suggested file name, use the on-screen keyboard to modify the name. 8 Press [OK] to save the data to diskette using the displayed file name.
11 Installation and Maintenance This chapter provides installation instructions for the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter System, Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System. It also includes information about initial inspection and damage claims, preparation for use, packaging, storage, and shipment. Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Initial Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation and Maintenance GPIB Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 Cables and Adapters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313 GPIB Logic Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Serial Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Safety Considerations Installation and Maintenance Safety Considerations The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter System, Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System are Safety Class 1 instruments (that is, instruments with a metal chassis directly connected to earth via the power supply cable). The shown symbol is used to show a protective earth terminal in the instrument.
Installation and Maintenance Initial Inspection Initial Inspection Inspect the shipping container for damage. If there is damage to the container or cushioning, keep them until you have checked the contents of the shipment for completeness and verified the instrument both mechanically and electrically. The Function Tests give a procedure for checking the operation of the instrument.
AC Line Power Supply Requirements Installation and Maintenance AC Line Power Supply Requirements Line Power Requirements The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter System complies with overvoltage category II and can operate from the single-phase AC power source that supplies between 100 V and 240 V at a frequency in the range 50 to 60 Hz.The maximum power consumption is 120 VA with all options installed.
Installation and Maintenance AC Line Power Supply Requirements Line Power Cable In accordance with international safety standards, the instrument has a three-wire power cable. When connected to an appropriate AC power receptacle, this cable earths the instrument cabinet. For the part number of the power cable for your countryand instrument see “Accessories” on page 319. .
AC Line Power Supply Requirements CAU T ION CAU T ION Installation and Maintenance If you need to turn off the power, unplug the instrument at the mains or remove the power cable connector from the appliance coupler at the rear of the instrument. For this reason, the power cable connection should be easily accessible - allowing you to turn off the power quickly. If the instrument is in a cabinet, it must be disconnected from the line power by the system’s line power switch.
Installation and Maintenance WARN IN G AC Line Power Supply Requirements To avoid the possibility of injury or death, you must observe the following precautions before switching on the instrument. • Insert the power cable plug only into a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Do not negate this protective action by the using an extension cord without a protective conductor. • Do not interrupt the protective earth connection intentionally.
AC Line Power Supply Requirements Installation and Maintenance Changing the Battery CAU T ION The Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter System, Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System contain a disc shaped Lithium Thionyl Chloride battery. The Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter System, Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166B Lightwave Multichannel System contain a cylindrical (˝ AA size) Lithium Manganese Dioxode battery.
Installation and Maintenance Operating and Storage Environment Operating and Storage Environment The following summarizes the operating environment ranges. In order for the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter System, Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System to meet specifications, the operating environment must be within these limits.
Operating and Storage Environment Installation and Maintenance Humidity The operating humidity for the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System is < 80% from 10°C to +35°C. The operating humidity for the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter System and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System is up to 95% from 0°C to 45°C.
Installation and Maintenance Operating and Storage Environment Instrument Cooling The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter System and the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System have a cooling fan mounted internally. The Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System has cooling fans mounted internally. Mount or position your instrument upright and horizontally, as shown in Figure 184 , Figure 185 , or Figure 186 so that air can circulate through it freely.
Operating and Storage Environment Installation and Maintenance Figure 185 Correct Operating Position of the Agilent 8164A/B 75 mm (3 inches) 25 mm (1 inch) 25 mm (1 inch) Figure 186 Correct Operating Position of the Agilent 8166A/B Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition 299
Installation and Maintenance Operating and Storage Environment Storage Position The Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System can be stored in its operating position, as shown in Figure 184 , or on its back legs as shown in Figure 187 . The back legs protect the connectors on the back panel from damage.
Operating and Storage Environment Installation and Maintenance Carrying the Instrument When carrrying the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, grip the strap at the side of the instrument as shown in Figure 188 .
Installation and Maintenance Using Modules Using Modules How to Fit and Remove Modules You can use two types of module: • Front-loadable modules - these modules fit in the four module slots at the front of the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System or the two module slots at the front of the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter System or the 17 module slots at the front of the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System.
Using Modules Installation and Maintenance How to Fit a Front-Loadable Module CAU T ION Do not use the electrical or optical connectors to push the module into the instrument, as this can cause damage to the connectors. Make sure that the line power is switched off before you fit a module. Figure 190 How to Insert a Front-Loadable Module 1 Position the module at an unoccupied slot, with the catch at the bottom front of the module. 2 Insert the module into the slot and onto the tracks.
Installation and Maintenance Using Modules 1 Untighten the retaining screws, see Figure 191 , that secure the module in the instrument. Handle Figure 191 Back Panel of Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System Retaining Screws Figure 192 Side View of a Back-Loadable Module 2 Pull the module out of the mainframe, using the handle, being careful to keep the module completely flat.
Using Modules Installation and Maintenance Figure 193 Removing a Back-Loadable Module from the Agilent 8164A/B CAU T ION If you pull the module out at an angle or vertically, you may damage the instrument and the module. You should pull the module out along the direction shown by the arrow in Figure 193 . How to Fit a Back-Loadable Module CAU T ION Disconnect all electrical and optical connectors before you fit this module into the instrument, as this can cause damage to the connectors.
Installation and Maintenance Using Modules Insert module along the direction shown by this arrow Tighten Retaining Screws Figure 194 Fitting a Back-Loadable Module 1 Position the module at the rear of the instrument as shown in Figure 194 . 2 Insert the module into the mainframe, using the handle, being careful to keep the module completely flat. If the module does not slide freely, check that you have correctly oriented it and that there is no obstruction to its movement.
Using Modules Installation and Maintenance Adding a Connector Interface Optical Output Connector Connector Interface Optical Connector Figure 195 Adding a Connector Interface N O TE Before you attach a connector and fiber, you should clean them both. See “Cleaning Instructions” on page 421. To use a connector interface to connect a module to an optical-fiber patchcord connector: 1 Select a connector interface to suit the optical connector that your optical fiber is terminated with.
Installation and Maintenance Using Modules Protecting Empty Module Slots Fitting a Blind Panel or Filler Module helps to: • prevent dust pollution and • optimize cooling by guiding the air flow. Fitting Blind Panels for Front-Loadable Module Slots To fit the a blind panel (part number - 08163-40199), perform the following procedure. 1 Position the blind panel as shown in Figure 196 . Position the end closest to the handle against the bottom edge of the slot.
Using Modules Installation and Maintenance The Agilent 81645A Filler Module can be removed in the same way as any back-loadable module, see “How to Remove a Back-Loadable Module” on page 303.
Installation and Maintenance Input and Output Connectors Input and Output Connectors There are three BNC connectors on the rear panel of your instrument. These are the Remote Interlock, the Trigger Out and the Trigger In connectors. CAU T ION There are two input BNC connectors: the Remote Interlock Connector and the Trigger Input, see Figure 197 or Figure 197 . These are TTL inputs. A maximum of 5 V can be applied as an external voltage to either of these input connectors.
Input and Output Connectors Installation and Maintenance Figure 199 Rear Panel of the Agilent 8166B Lightwave Multichannel System The Remote Interlock (RIL) connector CAU T ION There is a Remote Interlock (RIL) connector at the back of the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter System, Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System for the purpose of the optional connection of a foot pedal.
Installation and Maintenance GPIB Interface GPIB Interface You can connect your GPIB interface into a star network, a linear network, or a combination star and linear network. The limitations imposed on this network are as follows: • The total cable length cannot exceed 20 meters • The maximum cable length per device is 2 meters • No more than 15 devices may be interconnected on one bus. Cables and Adapters See “GPIB Cables and Adapters” on page 333 for details on cables and adapters.
GPIB Interface Installation and Maintenance Connector The following figure shows the connector and pin assignments. Connector Part Number: 1251-0293 Figure 200 GPIB Connector CAU T ION CAU T ION Agilent Technologies products delivered now are equipped with connectors having ISO metric-threaded lock screws and stud mounts (ISO M3.5×0.6) that are black in color.
Installation and Maintenance GPIB Logic Levels GPIB Logic Levels The instrument’s GPIB lines use standard TTL logic, as follows: • True = Low = digital ground or 0 Vdc to 0.4 Vdc • False = High = open or 2.5 Vdc to 5 Vdc All GPIB lines have LOW assertion states. High states are held at 3.0 Vdc by pull-ups within the instrument. When a line functions as an input, it requires approximately 3.2 mA to pull it low through a closure to digital ground.
Serial Interface Installation and Maintenance Serial Interface The mainframe’s serial interface has configurable and fixed parameters. • The Baudrate set for the serial interface of the instrument should match that set for the PC serial interface connected to it. • The PC serial interface should be configured to match the instrument’s fixed parameters. Congigurable Parameters Baudrate. Refer to “How to Set the Speed of the Serial Interface” on page 73.
Installation and Maintenance Parallel Port, PCMCIA Slot, Keyboard connector and 24V DC Output Parallel Port, PCMCIA Slot, Keyboard connector and 24V DC Output • These interfaces are present on all models. In addition the 8164A Lightwave Measurement System has a PS/2 mouse connector. • The parallel port is a standard centronics printer interface. • The keyboard connector is a standard PS/2 connector. N O TE 316 The PCMCIA Slot, the keyboard slot and the 24V DC output are reserved for future use.
Claims and Repackaging Installation and Maintenance Claims and Repackaging If physical damage is evident or if the instrument does not meet specification when received, notify the carrier and the nearest Agilent Technologies Sales/Service Office. The Agilent Technologies Sales/Service Office will arrange for repair or replacement of the unit without waiting for settlement of the claim against the carrier.
Installation and Maintenance 318 Claims and Repackaging Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
12 Accessories The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System are available in various configurations for the best possible match to the most common applications. This appendix provides information on the available options and accessories. Instrument and Options - Agilent 8163A/B . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accessories Instrument and Options - Agilent 8163A/B Instrument and Options Agilent 8163A/B Product Agilent 8163A/B Opt Description Part Number Lightwave Multimeter Mainframe Additional User’s Guide 08164-90B15 Additional Programmer’s Guide 08164-90B64 1CM Rack Mount Kit 320 900 Power Cord - United Kingdom 8120-1351 901 Power Cord - Australia & New Zealand 8120-1369 902 Power Cord - Continental Europe 8120-1689 903 Power Cord - United States (120 V) 8120-1378 905 Power Cord - Systems Cabi
Instrument and Options - Agilent 8163A/B Accessories Modules Power Sensor Modules Model No. Description Agilent 81630B High Power module, +28 to -70 dBm, analog out Agilent 81634B Power Sensor, +10 to -110 dBm, analog out Agilent 81635A Dual Sensor InGaAs, +10 to -80 dBm Agilent 81636B Fast Power Sensor InGaAs, +10 to -80 dBm, analog out Optical Heads Model No.
Accessories Instrument and Options - Agilent 8163A/B Fabry-Perot Laser Diode Modules Model No. Description Agilent 81650A LD Module 1310 nm, 0 dBm Agilent 81651A LD Module 1550 nm, 0 dBm Agilent 81654A LD Module 1310/1550 nm, 0 dBm Agilent 81655A LD Module 1310 nm, 13 dBm Agilent 81656A LD Module 1550 nm, 13 dBm Agilent 81657A LD Module 1310/1550 nm, 13 dBm DFB Laser Diode Modules Model No.
Instrument and Options - Agilent 8163A/B Accessories Attenuator Modules Model No.
Accessories Instrument and Options - Agilent 8164A/B Instrument and Options Agilent 8164A/B Product Agilent 8164A/B Opt Description Part Number Lightwave Measurement System Mainframe Additional User’s Guide 08164-90B15 Additional Programmer’s Guide 08164-90B64 1CN Front Handle Kit 1CM Rack Mount Kit 324 900 Power Cord - United Kingdom 8120-1351 901 Power Cord - Australia & New Zealand 8120-1369 902 Power Cord - Continental Europe 8120-1689 903 Power Cord - United States (120 V) 8120-1378
Instrument and Options - Agilent 8164A/B Accessories Modules Power Sensor Modules Model No. Description Agilent 81630B High Power module, +28 to -70 dBm, analog out Agilent 81634B Power Sensor, +10 to -110 dBm Agilent 81635A Dual Sensor InGaAs, +10 to -80 dBm Agilent 81636B Fast Power Sensor InGaAs, +10 to -80 dBm, analog out Optical Heads Model No.
Accessories Instrument and Options - Agilent 8164A/B Fabry-Perot Laser Diode Modules Model No. Description Agilent 81650A LD Module 1310 nm, 0 dBm Agilent 81651A LD Module 1550 nm, 0 dBm Agilent 81654A LD Module 1310/1550 nm, 0 dBm Agilent 81655A LD Module 1310 nm, 13 dBm Agilent 81656A LD Module 1550 nm, 13 dBm Agilent 81657A LD Module 1310/1550 nm, 13 dBm DFB Laser Diode Modules Model No.
Instrument and Options - Agilent 8164A/B Accessories Backloadable Tunable Laser Source Modules Model No.
Accessories Instrument and Options - Agilent 8164A/B Agilent 81645A Filler Module The Agilent 81645A Filler Module is required to operate the Agilent 8164A/B mainframe if it is used without a back-loadable Tunable Laser module. See “Fitting a Filler Module for Back-Loadable Module Slots” on page 308 for more details. Options Option 003 - Agilent 81600B #142 Built-in optical attenuator with 60 dB attenuation range.
Instrument and Options - Agilent 8166A/B Accessories Instrument and Options Agilent 8166A/B Product Opt Description Agilent 8166A/B Part Number Lightwave Multimeter Mainframe Additional User’s Guide 08164-90B15 Additional Programmer’s Guide 08164-90B64 1CM Rack Mount Kit 900 Power Cord - United Kingdom 8120-1351 901 Power Cord - Australia & New Zealand 8120-1369 902 Power Cord - Continental Europe 8120-1689 903 Power Cord - United States (120 V) 8120-1378 905 Power Cord - Systems Cabi
Accessories Instrument and Options - Agilent 8166A/B Modules Power Sensor Modules Model No. Description Agilent 81630B High Power module, +28 to -70 dBm, analog out Agilent 81634B Power Sensor, +10 to -110 dBm Agilent 81635A Dual Sensor InGaAs, +10 to -80 dBm Agilent 81636B Fast Power Sensor InGaAs, +10 to -80 dBm, analog out Optical Heads Model No.
Instrument and Options - Agilent 8166A/B Accessories Fabry-Perot Laser Diode Modules Model No. Description Agilent 81650A LD Module 1310 nm, 0 dBm Agilent 81651A LD Module 1550 nm, 0 dBm Agilent 81654A LD Module 1310/1550 nm, 0 dBm Agilent 81655A LD Module 1310 nm, 13 dBm Agilent 81656A LD Module 1550 nm, 13 dBm Agilent 81657A LD Module 1310/1550 nm, 13 dBm DFB Laser Diode Modules Model No.
Accessories Instrument and Options - Agilent 8166A/B Attenuator Modules 332 Model No.
GPIB Cables and Adapters Accessories GPIB Cables and Adapters The GPIB connector is compatible with the connectors on the following cables and adapters: • GPIB Cable, 10833A, 1 m (3.3 feet) • GPIB Cable, 10833B, 2 m (6.6 feet). • GPIB Cable, 10833C, 4 m (13.2 feet) • GPIB Cable, 10833D, 0.5 m (1.6 feet) • GPIB Adapter, 10834A, 2.3 cm extender. Use this adapter if there is no space to connect your GPIB cable directly to a GPIB interface.
Accessories 334 GPIB Cables and Adapters Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
13 Specifications and Regulations Compliance The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System are produced to the ISO 9001 international quality system standard as part of Agilent Technologies’ commitment to continually increasing customer satisfaction through improved quality control. Specifications describe the instrument’s warranted performance.
Specifications and Regulations Compliance Agilent 8163A Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Agilent 8163B Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Agilent 8164A Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Agilent 8164B Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Agilent 8166A Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Agilent 8166B Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agilent 8163A Specifications Specifications and Regulations Compliance Agilent 8163A Specifications The Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter displays two channels. Graphical display 190 × 300 points visible, monochrome. Display Display Resolution (Power Meters) 0.0001 dB/dBm, 0.01 pW to 10 pW (depending on power range), up to 6.5 digits (user definable). Compatibility The Agilent 8163A mainframe supports all 8153A Series and Agilent 8163A Series modules.
Specifications and Regulations Compliance Agilent 8163B Specifications Agilent 8163B Specifications The Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter displays two channels. Graphical color display 300 × 240 points visible Display Display Resolution (Power Meters) 0.0001 dB/dBm, 0.01 pW to 10 pW (depending on power meter), up to 6.5 digits (user definable). Compatibility The Agilent 8163B mainframe supports all HP 8153A Series and Agilent 8163A/B Series modules.
Agilent 8164A Specifications Specifications and Regulations Compliance Agilent 8164A Specifications The Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System displays five channels. Display 600 × 400 pixels visible, active colour LCD. VGA connector for external monitor. Compatibility The Agilent 8164A mainframe supports all 8153A Series and Agilent 8163A Series modules.[1] Environmental Storage temperature -40° C to 70° C Operating temperature 10° C to 35° C Humidity < 80% R.H.
Specifications and Regulations Compliance Agilent 8164B Specifications Agilent 8164B Specifications The Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System displays five channels. Display Graphic color display 640 × 480 pixels visible. VGA connector for external monitor. Compatibility The Agilent 8164B mainframes support all HP 8153A Series and Agilent 8163A/B Series modules.[1] Environmental Storage temperature -40° C to 70° C Operating temperature 10° C to 35° C Humidity < 80% R.H.
Agilent 8166A Specifications Specifications and Regulations Compliance Agilent 8166A Specifications The Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System displays 17 channels. Graphical display 190 × 300 points visible, monochrome. Display Display Resolution (Power Meters) 0.0001 dB/dBm, 0.01 pW to 10 pW (depending on power range), up to 6.5 digits (user definable). Compatibility The Agilent 8166A supports all Agilent 8163A Series modules.
Specifications and Regulations Compliance Agilent 8166B Specifications Agilent 8166B Specifications The Agilent 8166B Lightwave Multichannel System displays 17 channels. Graphical color display 300 × 240 points visible. Display Display Resolution (Power Meters) 0.0001 dB/dBm, 0.01 pW to 10 pW (depending on power range), up to 6.5 digits (user definable). Compatibility The Agilent 8166A/B supports all Agilent 8163A/B Series modules.
Declarations of Conformity Specifications and Regulations Compliance Declarations of Conformity Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition 343
Specifications and Regulations Compliance Declarations of Conformity Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter 344 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
Declarations of Conformity Specifications and Regulations Compliance Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition 345
Specifications and Regulations Compliance Declarations of Conformity Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System 346 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
Declarations of Conformity Specifications and Regulations Compliance Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition 347
Specifications and Regulations Compliance Declarations of Conformity Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System 348 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
Declarations of Conformity Specifications and Regulations Compliance Agilent 8166B Lightwave Multichannel System Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition 349
Specifications and Regulations Compliance Regulations Information Regulations Information Safety Canada LR 53538C EMC Canada These ISM devices comply with Canadian ICES-001. Ces appareils ISM sont conformes ŕ la norme NMB-001 du Canada.
14 Performance Tests The Mainframes 8163A/B, 8164A/B, and 8166A/B do not contain calibration data, therefore they are not subject to re-calibration. Consequently, these Performance Tests test the functionality of the instrument. The Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System comprises a power supply, a CPU, a hard-disk drive, and a display.
Performance Tests Equipment Required Equipment Required Equipment required for the Performance Test is listed in the table below. Any equipment that satisfies the critical specifications given in the table may be substituted for recommended models.
Equipment Required Performance Tests Test Record Results of the Performance Test may be tabulated in the Test Record provided after the test procedures. It is recommended that you fill out the Test Record and refer to it while doing the test. Since the test limits and set-up information are printed on the Test Record for easy reference, the record can also be used as an abbreviated test procedure (if you are familiar with test procedures).
Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions Performance Test Instructions Parameters to be tested: • Backplane Connectors by Module Performance Test • Power Supply by Module Interaction Test • Display by Keystroke Test Agilent 8164A/B Mainframe with fixed laser source, power sensor, and tunable laser module Agilent 8163A/B Mainframe with fixed laser source and power sensor Laser Power Source Sensor Laser Power Source Sensor Tunable Laser Agilent 8166A/B Mainframe with fixed laser source and power
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests Display/Key Functional Test 1 Setup the test equipment as shown in Figure 201 : Insert the fixed laser source module in slot 1 and the power sensor in slot 2. If you use the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, insert the backloadable Tunable Laser module, if available, in slot 0. 2 Switch on the mainframe and wait until it has booted. Testing Hardkeys 1 Press Config. You should see the Configuration menu. 2 Press Aux.
Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, you will also see the [Range Mode], [AvgTime], and [MinMax Mode] parameters. 4 Press [Pwr Unit]. The power unit menu should appear. Move to using the cursor key and press Enter. 5 Press [Close]. The power unit menu should disappear. 6 Press [Hold/Cnt]. HOLD should appear in the channel. 7 Press [Hold/Cnt]. HOLD should disappear. 8 Press [Dsp->Ref] several times.
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests Testing the Number Keys N O TE The Modify Knob is only available if you use the Agilent 8164A/B. 16Using the cursor keys, move to the [P] parameter of the sensor channel, that is channel 2. Press [Details]. 17Using the cursor keys, move to [Cal], and press Enter. Use the cursor key to move the highlighted digit to the far left position. 18Using the number keys press the following sequence: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. 123.
Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions Module Interaction Test N O TE The following functional test assumes the use of modules which are within specification. 1 Setup the test equipment as shown in Figure 201 : Insert the fixed laser source module in slot 1 and the power sensor in slot 2 . If you use the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, insert the backloadable Tunable Laser module, if available, in slot 0. 2 Switch on the mainframe and wait until it has booted.
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests Test of the Tunable Laser Module Channel (Slot 0) If you need to test a back-loadable Tunable Laser module slot, perform the remaining list items. This test only applies to the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System. 16Connect the power output of the Tunable Laser module to the input of the power sensor. 17Switch on the Agilent 8164A/B and wait until is has booted. 18Press Preset, the green hardkey, to set all parameters to their default values.
Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions GPIB Interface Test (Optional) You will need a controller/computer with GPIB capabilities for this test. 1 Connect the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System or the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel system to the controller via the GPIB. 2 Switch on the instrument and wait until it has booted and the user interface will be visible 3 Send the *IDN? query to the instrument from the controller.
Test Record Performance Tests Test Record Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter Performance Test Page 1 of 2 Model Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter Date _________ Serial No. ________________________ Ambient Temperature _________°C Options ________________________ Relative Humidity _________% Firmware Rev.
Performance Tests Test Record Page 2 of 2 Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter Performance Test Agilent 8163A Serial No.__________ Trace No.__________ Date__________ Test Equipment Used Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date 1 CW Laser Source ___________ ___________ ___________ 2 Optical Power Sensor ___________ ___________ ___________ 3 Opt.
Test Record Performance Tests Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter Performance Test Page 1 of 2 Model Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter Date _________ Serial No. ________________________ Ambient Temperature _________°C Options ________________________ Relative Humidity _________% Firmware Rev.
Performance Tests Test Record Page 2 of 2 Agilent 8163B Lightwave Multimeter Performance Test Agilent 8163B Serial No.__________ Trace No.__________ Date__________ Test Equipment Used Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date 1 CW Laser Source ___________ ___________ ___________ 2 Optical Power Sensor ___________ ___________ ___________ 3 Opt.
Test Record Performance Tests Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System Performance Test Page 1 of 3 Model Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System Date _________ Serial No. ________________________ Ambient Temperature _________°C Options ________________________ Relative Humidity _________% Firmware Rev.
Performance Tests Test Record Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System Performance Test Page 2 of 3 Agilent 8164A Serial No.__________ Trace No.__________ Date__________ Test Equipment Used 366 Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date 1 CW Laser Source ___________ ___________ ___________ 2 Optical Power Sensor ___________ ___________ ___________ 3 Opt.
Test Record Performance Tests Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System Performance Test Page 3 of 3 Agilent 8164A Serial No.__________ Trace No.
Performance Tests 368 Test Record Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
Test Record Performance Tests Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System Performance Test Page 1 of 3 Model Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System Date _________ Serial No. ________________________ Ambient Temperature _________°C Options ________________________ Relative Humidity _________% Firmware Rev.
Performance Tests Test Record Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System Performance Test Page 2 of 3 Agilent 8164B Serial No.__________ Trace No.__________ Date__________ Test Equipment Used 370 Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date 1 CW Laser Source ___________ ___________ ___________ 2 Optical Power Sensor ___________ ___________ ___________ 3 Opt.
Test Record Performance Tests Agilent 8164B Lightwave Measurement System Performance Test Page 3 of 3 Agilent 8164B Serial No.__________ Trace No.
Performance Tests Test Record Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System Performance Test Page 1 of 3 Model Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System Date _________ Serial No. ________________________ Ambient Temperature _________°C Options ________________________ Relative Humidity _________% Firmware Rev.
Test Record Performance Tests Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System Performance Test Page 2 of 3 Agilent 8166A Serial No.__________ Trace No.__________ Date__________ Test Equipment Used Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date 1 CW Laser Source ___________ ___________ ___________ 2 Optical Power Sensor ___________ ___________ ___________ 3 Opt.
Performance Tests Test Record Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System Performance Test Page 3 of 3 Agilent 8166A Serial No.__________ Trace No.
Test Record Performance Tests Agilent 8166B Lightwave Multichannel System Performance Test Page 1 of 3 Model Agilent 8166B Lightwave Multichannel System Date _________ Serial No. ________________________ Ambient Temperature _________°C Options ________________________ Relative Humidity _________% Firmware Rev.
Performance Tests Test Record Agilent 8166B Lightwave Multichannel System Performance Test Page 2 of 3 Agilent 8166B Serial No.__________ Trace No.__________ Date__________ Test Equipment Used 376 Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date 1 CW Laser Source ___________ ___________ ___________ 2 Optical Power Sensor ___________ ___________ ___________ 3 Opt.
Test Record Performance Tests Agilent 8166B Lightwave Multichannel System Performance Test Page 3 of 3 Agilent 8166B Serial No.__________ Trace No.
Performance Tests 378 Test Record Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
Error Messages 15 Error Messages SYST:ERR?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 Screen Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 Mainframes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 8163A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 8163B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384 8164A . .
Error Messages SYST:ERR? SYST:ERR? The syst:err? command returns the next error from the error queue (refer to the Programming Guide for details). Each error has an error code and a short description of the error, separated by comma. Please note that the error codes are returned as signed integer numbers in a range from -32768 to +32767 (INT16). Negative error numbers are defined by the SCPI standard, positive error numbers are device dependent.
SYST:ERR? Error Messages -305, "Internal messaging error (StatWrongLength)" -305, "Internal messaging error (StatWrongReceiver)" -305, "Internal messaging error (StatBufAllocError)" -305, "Internal messaging error (StatDPRamFull)" -305, "Internal messaging error (StatSemError)" -306, "Channel doesn't support this command (StatCmdUnknown ForSlave)" -307, "Channel without head connection (StatHeadless)" -322, "Flash programming error (StatFlashEraseFailed)" -322, "Flash programming error (StatFlashWriteFail
Error Messages Screen Status Messages Screen Status Messages Message 8163A/B Meaning Description 8164A/B SL SLock Security Lock The module is locked for security reasons. No measurement is possible until you unlock the module RiL RiLock Remote InterLock The remote interlock connector of your mainframe is open.
Mainframes Error Messages Mainframes After initializing the instrument, the following bootup screen appears, listing all selftests of the instrument. A FlashDisk selftest failure may occur after a firmware download to the instrument and is of no harm. No reboot is necessary for operation of the mainframe. However, after a reboot of the instrument, the FlashDisk test will pass again.
Error Messages Mainframes 8163B ProductNo(SerialNo)Selftest: ** PCB Revision ** BIOS ** EXTBIOS ** FPGA ** CPLD ** BRAM - ** HDD N O TE If one of the selftests fails, please try to reboot the instrument. If the selftest continues to fail, please return the mainframe to your local service center for repair.
Mainframes Error Messages 8164B ProductNo(SerialNo)Selftest: ** PCB Revision ** BIOS ** EXTBIOS ** FPGA ** CPLD ** BRAM - ** FDD ** HDD ** FDD - ** HDD - Remedial Action: If one of the selftests fails, please try to reboot the instrument.
Error Messages Mainframes 8166B ProductNo(SerialNo)Selftest: ** PCB Revision ** BIOS ** EXTBIOS ** FPGA ** CPLD ** BRAM - ** HDD Remedial Action: If one of the selftests fails, please try to reboot the instrument. If the selftest is continues to fail, please return the mainframe to your local service center for repair.
Errors appearing on pop-up menus Error Messages Errors appearing on pop-up menus Error on Module error message Calibration data corrupted description The calibration data loaded on the module is invalid.
Error Messages 388 Errors appearing on pop-up menus error message Selftest failed description The selftest of the module in slot has failed. If the slot is occupied by an optical head interface module, the head selftest has failed. affected modules all action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair. error message BRAM corrupted description The battery buffered RAM is corrupted.
Errors appearing on pop-up menus Error Messages error message Module communication error description There was an error in communication between module and mainframe. For safety reasons, the module was disabled and the shutter closed. affected modules All attenuators action If this problem occurs several times, please send the module to the local Agilent service center for repair.
Error Messages Errors appearing on pop-up menus Error One or more of the following reasons may cause this error message: firmware revision all modus stepped sweep parameter(s) lambda logging on action switch lambda logging off firmware revision <= 2.5x modus continuous sweep parameter(s) stop wavelength <= start wavelength sweep time too small (< 0.
Tunable Laser Sources Error Messages Tunable Laser Sources Initialization Tests These tests are executed every time the instrument is powered on, before the selftests start. error message Initialization Error (AttInitialize(), error value) description Error during attenuator initialization. No ready message from attenuator DSP after ...
Error Messages 392 Tunable Laser Sources error message Initialization Error (DspMainCalcKFactor failed, error value) description DSP K factor calibration failed error value -1 no TCFS (according to caldata) 1 error when calibrating TCFS 2 DSP sweep failed 4 laser safety action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair error message Initialization Error (DspMainWriteCaldata(), error value) description Error while writing cal data to DSP error value 5 tried to acce
Tunable Laser Sources Error Messages error message Initialization Error (LaserEEPROMInit, error value) description Error reading laser EEPROM error value 1 action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair error message Initialization Error (MainEEPROMInit, error value) description Error reading main EEPROM error value 1 action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair error message Initialization Error (MotorSelfCali failed, error value) descript
Error Messages Tunable Laser Sources error message Initialization Error (TASK_VERIFY, id1, id2) description A task could not be started error value id1 task name id2 maximum available memory action Reboot the instrument. If the failure persists, please return the unit to your local service center for repair If one of the selftests fails, please try to reboot the instrument. If the selftest continues to fail, please return the mainframe to your local service center for repair.
Tunable Laser Sources Error Messages error message Initialization Error (UpPiezoEnable, error value) description Over current error value 1 action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair error message Initialization Error - module temperature out of range (please wait a little bit and try again)! description Module temperature is too high error value (no error value) (not significant) action Doublecheck whether the fan is working and not blocked.
Error Messages Tunable Laser Sources Selftests These tests are started after initialization of the instrument. This test measures defined parameters, and tests them to limits. 396 error message Main Peltier Temp. Selftest Failed (error value) description Verifies whether the peltier temperature of the laser diode is within a given range error value 13010 action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair error message Main Thermo Temp.
Tunable Laser Sources Error Messages error message Main DC Selftest Failed (error value) description Tests all fixed DC voltages available at the mainboard mux error value 23011 +15V Measurement DC voltage not in limits 23012 -15V Measurement DC voltage not in limits 23013 +5V Reference DC voltage not in limits 23014 -5V Reference DC voltage not in limits 23015 negative supply voltage of laser current source not in limits 23016 positive pezo supply voltage not in limits action Please ret
Error Messages Tunable Laser Sources error message Main Piezo Amp. Selftest Failed (error value) description Verifies if the piezo amplifier reaches the upper and lower limit.
Tunable Laser Sources Error Messages error message TCFS Amplifier Selftest Failed (error value) description This test calibrates the TCFS A, B and M channel and verifies if all resulting values are in limits error value 25041 TCFS Hybrid amplifier offset could not be removed 25042 One of the channels A, B or M failed during calibration action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair error message TCFS Adj.
Error Messages Return Loss Meters Return Loss Meters error message E10010: Invalid Caldata description The Caldata loaded on the module is invalid.
Return Loss Meters Error Messages error message E10040: 10bit ADC test failed (a, b, c) description The 10bit ADC has returned a value other than 512 test value a shows the ADC reading b shows the lower limit c shows the upper limit action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair error message E10051: Laser temp out of limits (b) description The laser temperature is outside the allowed range test value a laser number b measured laser temperature action Veri
Error Messages 402 Return Loss Meters error message E1x062: PGA gain adj failed (a, b, c) description Verifies the gain settings of the PGA (x 1/10/100).
Return Loss Meters Error Messages error message E10081: Safety comparator test failed (b, c) description Checks whether laser current safety comparator includes at the right conditions a safety interrupt at the CPU test value a laser number b shows whether the interrupt flag was raised when the current was lower than the limit c shows whether the interrupt flag was raised when the current was higher than the limit action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair Agile
Error Messages Powermeters & Interface Modules with Optical Head Powermeters & Interface Modules with Optical Head error message E10010: Invalid Caldata description The Caldata loaded on the module is invalid.
Powermeters & Interface Modules with Optical Head Error Messages error message E1x031: 0.25V ref out of limits (a, b, c) description The 0.25V reference voltage measured through the 16bit ADC is out of the acceptable limits test value a shows the ADC reading (0.
Error Messages Powermeters & Interface Modules with Optical Head error message E1x052: TEC comparator test failed (a, b, c, d) description Checks the TEC regulation voltage comparator test value a shows the 10bit ADC reading for the high output voltage b shows the 10bit ADC reading for the low output voltage c shows the lower limit d shows the upper limit x refers to the module channel tested action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair error message E1x053: TEC
Powermeters & Interface Modules with Optical Head Error Messages error message E1x061: PGA DAC adj failed (a, b, c) description Tries to adjust the offset voltage of the PGA test value a shows the ADC offset reading b shows the limit for an upper offset c shows the limit for a lower offset x refers to the module channel tested action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair error message E1x062: PGA gain adj failed (a, b, c) description Verifies the gain settings of
Error Messages 408 Powermeters & Interface Modules with Optical Head error message E1x081: TEC current to temperature mismatch description If the TEC temperature difference does not correspond to the measured Peltier current this test will fail test value x action Verify whether the module is operated within the specified ambient temperature. If the failure persists, please return the unit to your local service center for repair.
Fixed Laser Sources (Fabry Perot) Error Messages Fixed Laser Sources (Fabry Perot) error message E10010: Invalid Caldata description The Caldata loaded on the module is invalid.
Error Messages Fixed Laser Sources (Fabry Perot) error message E10051: Laser temp out of limits (b) description The laser temperature is outside the allowed range test value a laser number b measured laser temperature action Verify whether the module is operated within the specified ambient temperature.
Fixed Laser Sources (Fabry Perot) Error Messages error message E10080: Laser control for safety test failed description To test the current safety comparator the laser current needs to be set to two different values test value a action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair laser number error message E10081: Safety comparator test failed (b, c) description Checks whether laser current safety comparator includes at the right conditions a safety interrupt at the C
Error Messages DFB Laser Sources DFB Laser Sources error message E10010: Invalid Caldata description The Caldata loaded on the module is invalid.
DFB Laser Sources Error Messages error message E10060: Laser control failed (b, c, d, e) description Checks the laser current source test value a laser number b measured current at low per and normal current source setting c measured current at low power and high current source setting d measured current at high power and normal current source setting e measured current at high power and high current source setting action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair
Error Messages Attenuator Modules Attenuator Modules The following Error Codes are applicable to attenuator modules. Codes E10010, E10012, and E10014 are valid for all attenuators. The remaining codes are only valid for attenuators with power control. error message E10010: Invalid Caldata description The Caldata loaded on the module is invalid.
Attenuator Modules Error Messages error message E1060: 0.
Error Messages Attenuator Modules The following error codes are attenuator module specific: • Error Creating message queue! • Error Init MCB! • Error spawning tLowlvlMsgHandler! • Error spawning tKeyPressed! • Error spawning tTempCtrl! • Error spawning tPowCtrl! • Error checking firmware CRC! 416 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
Optical Switch modules Error Messages Optical Switch modules error message InitError() failed! description Initialization of internal error buffer failed. test value action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair error message Invalid Caldata! description The calibration data loaded on the module is invalid. Either the version number is nir compatible with the firmware or the calibration data is corrupt (checksum incorrect).
Error Messages Optical Switch modules error message InitSwitchAccess():AllocTpuChannels() for switch failed InitSwitchAccess():Unsupported switchLocation SwitchAccessSwitch():Unsupported switchLocation SwitchInitSequence():Unsupported switchLocation InitSwitchAccess(): failed description Initialization of the functionality usedto access the switch hardware failed. Probably a calibration data problem.
Optical Switch modules error message Error Messages KeyDisable(): ERROR KeyDisable(): disabledCnt >= disabledMax KeyDisableTask(): received wrong channel number. KeyDisableTask(): disabledCnt <0. KeyDisableTask(): couldn’t send myself a msg. KeyEnablePortF(): wrong interrupt number KeyDisablePortF(): wrong interrupt number description Problem when enabling or disabling a front panel key. Probably a calibration data or firmware problem.
Error Messages Optical Switch modules error message InitKey(): unsupported keyLocation KeyAck(): unsupported keyLocation KeyEnable(): unsupported keyLocation KeyDisable(): unsupported keyLocation KeySelftestPre(): unsupported keyLocation KeySelftestExec(): unsupported keyLocation KeySelftestPost(): unsupported keyLocation description Calibtation data incorrect test value action Please return the unit to your local service center for repair error message Preset (0) failed Preset(): channel X, config
16 Cleaning Instructions The following Cleaning Instructions contain some general safety precautions, which must be observed during all phases of cleaning. Consult your specific optical device manuals or guides for full information on safety matters. Please try, whenever possible, to use physically contacting connectors, and dry connections. Clean the connectors, interfaces, and bushings carefully after use.
Cleaning Instructions Safety Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Why is it important to clean optical devices ?. . . . . . . . . 424 What do I need for proper cleaning?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 Standard Cleaning Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425 Additional Cleaning Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428 Preserving Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Safety Precautions Cleaning Instructions Safety Precautions Please follow the following safety rules: • Do not remove instrument covers when operating. • Ensure that the instrument is switched off throughout the cleaning procedures. • Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified may result in hazardous radiation exposure. • Make sure that you disable all sources when you are cleaning any optical interfaces.
Cleaning Instructions Why is it important to clean optical devices ? Why is it important to clean optical devices ? In transmission links optical fiber cores are about 9 µm (0.00035") in diameter. Dust and other particles, however, can range from tenths to hundredths of microns in diameter. Their comparative size means that they can cover a part of the end of a fiber core, and as a result will reduce the performance of your system.
What do I need for proper cleaning? Cleaning Instructions What do I need for proper cleaning? Some Standard Cleaning Equipment is necessary for cleaning your instrument. For certain cleaning procedures, you may also require certain Additional Cleaning Equipment.
Cleaning Instructions What do I need for proper cleaning? Isopropyl alcohol This solvent is usually available from any local pharmaceutical supplier or chemist's shop. If you use isopropyl alcohol to clean your optical device, do not immediately dry the surface with compressed air (except when you are cleaning very sensitive optical devices). This is because the dust and the dirt is solved and will leave behind filmy deposits after the alcohol is evaporated.
What do I need for proper cleaning? Cleaning Instructions We recommend that you do not use normal cotton tissues, but multilayered soft tissues made from non-recycled cellulose. Cellulose tissues are very absorbent and softer. Consequently, they will not scratch the surface of your device over time. Use care when cleaning, and avoid pressing on your optical device with the tissue. Pressing too hard may lead to scratches on the surface or misalignment of your device.
Cleaning Instructions What do I need for proper cleaning? When spraying compressed air, hold the can upright. If the can is held at a slant, propellant could escape and dirty your optical device. First spray into the air, as the initial stream of compressed air could contain some condensation or propellant. Such condensation leaves behind a filmy deposit. Please be friendly to your environment and use a CFC-free aerosol.
What do I need for proper cleaning? Cleaning Instructions An ultrasonic bath will gently remove fat and other stubborn dirt from your optical devices. This helps increase the life span of the optical devices. Only use isopropyl alcohol in your ultrasonic bath, as other solvents may damage. Warm water and liquid soap Only use water if you are sure that there is no other way of cleaning your optical device without corrosion or damage.
Cleaning Instructions What do I need for proper cleaning? Take care never to look into the end of a fiber or any other optical component, when they are in use. This is because the laser can seriously damage your eyes.
Preserving Connectors Cleaning Instructions Preserving Connectors Listed below are some hints on how best to keep your connectors in the best possible condition. Making Connections Before you make any connection you must ensure that all cables and connectors are clean. If they are dirty, use the appropriate cleaning procedure. When inserting the ferrule of a patchcord into a connector or an adapter, make sure that the fiber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector or adapter.
Cleaning Instructions Cleaning Instrument Housings Cleaning Instrument Housings Use a dry and very soft cotton tissue to clean the instrument housing and the keypad. Do not open the instruments as there is a danger of electric shock, or electrostatic discharge. Opening the instrument can cause damage to sensitive components, and in addition your warranty will be voided.
Which Cleaning Procedure should I use ? Cleaning Instructions Which Cleaning Procedure should I use ? Light dirt If you just want to clean away light dirt, observe the following procedure for all devices: • Use compressed air to blow away large particles. • Clean the device with a dry cotton swab. • Use compressed air to blow away any remaining filament left by the swab. Heavy dirt If the above procedure is not enough to clean your instrument, follow one of the procedures below.
Cleaning Instructions How to clean connectors How to clean connectors Cleaning connectors is difficult as the core diameter of a single-mode fiber is only about 9 µm. This generally means you cannot see streaks or scratches on the surface. To be certain of the condition of the surface of your connector and to check it after cleaning, you need a microscope. In the case of scratches, or of dust that has been burnt onto the surface of the connector, you may have no option but to polish the connector.
How to clean connectors Cleaning Instructions An Alternative Procedure A better, more gentle, but more expensive cleaning procedure is to use an ultrasonic bath with isopropyl alcohol. 1 Hold the tip of the connector in the bath for at least three minutes. 2 Take a new, dry soft-tissue and remove the alcohol, dissolved sediment and dust, by rubbing gently over the surface using a small circular movement. 3 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.
Cleaning Instructions How to clean connector adapters How to clean connector adapters CAU T ION Some adapters have an anti-reflection coating on the back to reduce back reflection. This coating is extremely sensitive to solvents and mechanical abrasion. Extra care is needed when cleaning these adapters. Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions. 1 Clean the adapter by rubbing a new, dry cotton-swab over the surface using a small circular movement.
How to clean connector interfaces Cleaning Instructions How to clean connector interfaces CAU T ION Be careful when using pipe-cleaners, as the core and the bristles of the pipe-cleaner are hard and can damage the interface. Do not use pipe-cleaners on optical head adapters, as the hard core of normal pipe cleaners can damage the bottom of an adapter. Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions. 1 Clean the interface by pushing and pulling a new, dry pipe-cleaner into the opening.
Cleaning Instructions How to clean bare fiber adapters How to clean bare fiber adapters Bare fiber adapters are difficult to clean. Protect from dust unless they are in use. CAU T ION Never use any kind of solvent when cleaning a bare fiber adapter as solvents can damage the foam inside some adapters. They can deposit dissolved dirt in the groove, which can then dirty the surface of an inserted fiber. Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions.
How to clean lenses Cleaning Instructions How to clean lenses Some lenses have special coatings that are sensitive to solvents, grease, liquid and mechanical abrasion. Take extra care when cleaning lenses with these coatings. Lens assemblies consisting of several lenses are not normally sealed. Therefore, use as little alcohol as possible, as it can get between the lenses and in doing so can change the properties of projection. Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions.
Cleaning Instructions How to clean instruments with a fixed connector interface How to clean instruments with a fixed connector interface N O TE Both the surface and the jacket of the attached connector should be completely dry and clean. You should only clean instruments with a fixed connector interface when it is absolutely necessary. This is because it is difficult to remove any used alcohol or filaments from the input of the optical block.
How to clean instruments with an optical glass plate Cleaning Instructions How to clean instruments with an optical glass plate Some instruments, for example, the optical heads from Agilent Technologies have an optical glass plate to protect the sensor. Clean this glass plate in the same way as optical lenses (see “How to clean lenses” on page 439).
Cleaning Instructions How to clean instruments with a physical contact interface How to clean instruments with a physical contact interface Remove any connector interfaces from the optical output of the instrument before you start the cleaning procedure. Cleaning interfaces is difficult as the core diameter of a single-mode fiber is only about 9 µm. This generally means you cannot see streaks or scratches on the surface.
How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface Cleaning Instructions How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface WARN IN G For instruments with a deeply recessed lens interface (for example the Agilent 81633A and 81634A Power Sensors) do NOT follow ths procedure. Alcohol and compressed air could damage your lens even further. Keep your dust and shutter caps on, when your instrument is not in use. This should prevent it from getting too dirty.
Cleaning Instructions How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to mechanical stress and pressure How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to mechanical stress and pressure Some optical devices, such as the Agilent 81000BR Reference Reflector, which has a gold plated surface, are very sensitive to mechanical stress or pressure. Do not use cotton-swabs, soft-tissues or other mechanical cleaning tools, as these can scratch or destroy the surface.
How to clean metal filters or attenuator gratings Cleaning Instructions How to clean metal filters or attenuator gratings This kind of device is extremely fragile. A misalignment of the grating leads to inaccurate measurements. Never touch the surface of the metal filter or attenuator grating. Be very careful when using or cleaning these devices.
Cleaning Instructions Additional Cleaning Information Additional Cleaning Information The following cleaning procedures may be used with other optical equipment: • How to clean bare fiber ends • How to clean large area lenses and mirrors How to clean bare fiber ends Bare fiber ends are often used for splices or, together with other optical components, to create a parallel beam. The end of a fiber can often be scratched. You make a new cleave. To do this: 1 Strip off the cladding.
Additional Cleaning Information Cleaning Instructions Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions. 1 Blow away any dust or dirt with compressed air. Procedure for Stubborn Dirt Use this procedure particularly when there is greasy dirt on the lens: CAU T ION Only use water if you are sure that your device does not corrode. Do not use hot water as this can lead to mechanical stress, which can damage your device.
Cleaning Instructions Other Cleaning Hints Other Cleaning Hints Selecting the correct cleaning method is an important element in maintaining your equipment and saving you time and money. This Appendix highlights the main cleaning methods, but cannot address every individual circumstance. This section contain some additional hints which we hope will help you further. For further information, please contact your local Agilent Technologies representative.
Other Cleaning Hints Cleaning Instructions Cleaning the housing and the mainframe When cleaning either the mainframe or the housing of your instrument, only use a dry and very soft cotton tissue on the surfaces and the numeric pad. Never open the instruments as they can be damaged. Opening the instruments puts you in danger of receiving an electrical shock from your device, and renders your warranty void.
Cleaning Instructions 450 Other Cleaning Hints Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
17 Firmware Upgrades This chapter provides information about the firmware upgrade process for the Agilent 8163A/B Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A/B Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A/B Lightwave Multichannel System. Firmware Upgrade Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452 How to Get a Firmware Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 How to Upgrade Firmware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Firmware Upgrades Firmware Upgrade Process Firmware Upgrade Process You may need to upgrade firmware because: • You may need to use new modules that cannot work without the newest firmware. Your instrument will generate an error message if you try to insert a module that is not supported by your instrument’s current firmware. • New revisions of the 816x VXIplug&play Instrument Driver require the newest firmware revision.
Firmware Upgrade Process Firmware Upgrades How to Get a Firmware Upgrade Receive a Support Disk with New Modules The latest edition of the Support Disk is shipped with all modules and mainframes. The Support Disk is a compact disk that contains the latest revisions of the following software and utilities: • Firmware Upgrades for mainframes and modules, • the 816x VXIplug&play Instrument Driver, and • User’s Guides for mainframes and modules, including the Programming Guide.
Firmware Upgrades Firmware Upgrade Process Figure 202 Firmware Upgrade Flowchart 454 Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
Firmware Upgrade Process Firmware Upgrades How to Upgrade Firmware You can receive a firmware upgrade on the following media: • as a download from the internet, or • on CD-ROM. How to Upgrade Firmware from the Internet You can download the firmware upgrade from the Internet. See the webpage mentioned in “Download Firmware Upgrade from the Internet” on page 453 for further information on installing the firmware.
Firmware Upgrades Firmware Upgrade Process T i p : Use three fingers and place them near the keys in advance! If you were successful, you hear a double beep and the display shows that the instrument is in download mode. Otherwise, turn off the power and try again. 8 Click on 'Program' and wait until the download completes. The instrument will reboot with the new firmware. Agilent 8163B Firmware Upgrade Procedure You require a PC running MS Windows 95, NT 4.
Firmware Upgrade Process Firmware Upgrades 7 Click Exit to terminate ATTools. Your 8163B reboots automatically. Agilent 8164A Firmware Upgrade Procedure To upgrade firmware for the Agilent 8164A, you require two empty floppy disks. Perform the following instructions (“xxx” in a filename should be replaced by the current release number, i.e. 402 for release 4.02) : 1 Copy the directory Firmware\8164A from the Support Disk to a directory on your PC. This directory contains the files "copydisk.
Firmware Upgrades Firmware Upgrade Process Agilent 8164B Firmware Upgrade Procedure N O TE The upgrade process with floppy disks used for the 8164A is not supported for 8164B instruments. You require a PC, running MS Windows 95, NT 4.0, or higher, and a null-modem serial cable, such as is supplied with your 8164B mainframe. To upgrade the 8164B firmware: 1 Copy the Firmware\8164B folder from the Support CD-ROM to a folder on your PC. This folder contains the update tool ATTools_v1_23.
Firmware Upgrade Process Firmware Upgrades Agilent 8166A Firmware Upgrade Procedure To upgrade firmware for the Agilent 8166A, you require a PC, running MS Windows 95 or NT 4.0, or higher, plus a serial null-modem cable, that was supplied with your Agilent 8166A mainframe. Perform the following instructions (“xxx” in a filename should be replaced by the current release number, i.e. 402 for release 4.02): 1 Copy the directory Firmware\8166A from the Support Disk to a directory on your PC.
Firmware Upgrades Firmware Upgrade Process Agilent 8166B Firmware Upgrade Procedure You require a PC, running MS Windows 95, NT 4.0, or higher, and a null-modem serial cable, such as is supplied with your 8166B mainframe. To upgrade the 8166B firmware: 1 Copy the Firmware\8166B folder from the Support CD-ROM to a folder on your PC. This folder contains the update tool ATTools_v1_23.exe and a firmware image file named 66B_Vxxx.Z “xxx” in a filename refers to the firmware version. For example: 66B_V402.
Firmware Upgrade Process Firmware Upgrades Agilent Module Firmware Upgrade Procedure Agilent module firmware is upgraded via GPIB or a serial null-modem cable. You require a PC running MS Windows 95 or NT 4.0 or higher. To update via GPIB the PC must be fitted with a suitable interface card. Alternatively, a serial null-modem cable is required, such as is supplied with your Agilent 8163A/B mainframe.
Firmware Upgrades 462 Firmware Upgrade Process Agilent 8163A/B, 8164A/B & 8166A/B Mainframes, Sixth Edition
Index A CE mark 29 selecting 53 set to default 58 Channel Numbers 41 AC Power 291 ACC1 156 Coherence Control tunable lasers 114, 148 Accessories 319 Coherence control setting 113 Agilent 8163A/B 36 Compact Tunable Lasers modules 160 SBS Suppression 161 User Interface 161 Agilent 8164A/B 37 Agilent 8166A/B 38 Appl hardkey 51 Application 229 Appl Hardkey 51 Graphs 231 Legends 235 Lock to Curve 239 Logging 242 Markers 233 PACT 266 Samples Display 237 Stability 254 Zoom 233 Attenuation laser sources 11
M R MinMax Mode 101 Range auto 95 manual 95 range mode 94 setting 95 Modulation laser sources 113 tunable lasers 142 Module Update 74 Realignment, automatic 153 Modules empty slots 308 O Optical Output tunable lasers 122 Optical Switches Applications 226 Modules 220 Options 220 Toggle 225 User Interface 221 Optional features Agilent 8163A/B 320 Agilent 8164A/B 324 Agilent 8166A/B 329 P PACT 266 Password 40, 68 change 76 default 40, 68 forgotten 40, 76 Performance Test Agilent 8163A Agilent 8163B Agi
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