S Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module User’s Guide S1
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Safety Symbols Safety Considerations Safety Considerations The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and intended use of the instrument. Agilent Technologies Inc. assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.
Safety Considerations Line Power Requirements W A R NI N G To avoid hazardous electrical shock, do not perform electrical tests when there are signs of shipping damage to any portion of the outer enclosure (covers, panels, etc.). W A R NI N G You MUST return instruments with malfunctioning laser modules to an Agilent Technologies Service Center for repair and calibration.
Initial Safety Information for Return Loss Modules Safety Considerations Initial Safety Information for Return Loss Modules The laser sources specified by this user guide are classified according to IEC 60825-1 (2001) The laser sources comply with 21 CFR 1040.10 except for deviations pursuant to Laser Notice No.
Safety Considerations Initial Safety Information for Return Loss Modules Laser Safety Labels Laser class 1 label Figure 1 W A R NI N G Class 1 Safety Label - Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Please pay attention to the following laser safety warnings: • Under no circumstances look into the end of an optical cable attached to the optical output when the device is operational. The laser radiation can seriously damage your eyesight.
The Structure of this Manual Safety Considerations The Structure of this Manual This manual is divided into two categories: • Getting Started This section gives an introduction to the Tunable Laser modules. and aims to make these modules familiar to you: – “Getting Started with Return Loss” on page 11. • Additional Information This is supporting information of a non-operational nature.
Safety Considerations 8 The Structure of this Manual Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition
Table of Contents Table of Contents Safety Considerations 3 Safety Symbols Initial Inspection Line Power Requirements Operating Environment Storage and Shipment Initial Safety Information for Return Loss Modules The Structure of this Manual Conventions used in this manual Getting Started with Return Loss The Return Loss Module 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 6 11 13 A Description of the Front Panel Optical Output 15 What is Return Loss? What is Insertion Loss? How to Choose a Light Source Calibration Measurements M
Table of Contents Reflection Factor 36 Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the Reflection Reference 37 Measuring the Power when there are No Reflections 37 Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the Measurement Patchcord 38 Measuring the Reflections from the DUT 38 Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the DUT 39 Calculating the Return Loss of the DUT 39 Calculating the Front Panel Delta 41 Calculating the Insertion Loss of the DUT 43 Accessories 45 Modules and Options Specifications 49 Defini
Table of Contents Dynamic Range Test Example for Agilent 81610A Return Loss module 64 67 Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A: Relative Uncertainty of Return Loss and Dynamic Range 68 Calibrating the 81610CC Reference Cable 73 Cleaning Information 89 Safety Precautions Why is it important to clean optical devices? What do I need for proper cleaning? Standard Cleaning Equipment Dust and shutter caps Isopropyl alcohol Cotton swabs Soft tissues Pipe cleaner Compressed air Additional Cleaning Equipment Microsc
Table of Contents How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface 104 How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to mechanical stress and pressure How to clean metal filters or attenuator gratings Additional Cleaning Information How to clean bare fiber ends How to clean large area lenses and mirrors Other Cleaning Hints 10 Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition 105 106 107 107 107 109
Getting Started with Return Loss Getting Started with Return Loss Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition 11
Getting Started with Return Loss This chapter describes the use of use the Agilent 81610A Return Loss module. Here you will find: • an introduction to the features of the module, its front panel, and connectors. • a brief explanation of the terms Return Loss and Insertion Loss, • a description of how to use the module to measure Return Loss and Insertion Loss, • a brief discussion of the theoretical background to Return Loss measurements using Agilent 8161x series Return Loss modules.
The Return Loss Module Getting Started with Return Loss The Return Loss Module What is a Return Loss Module? Agilent 8161xA series Return Loss modules are compact modules for use with the Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System. They are used for making return loss measurements and, in conjunction with a power meter module, insertion loss measurements.
Getting Started with Return Loss Agilent 81613A and Agilent 81614A Return Loss modules The Return Loss Module Agilent 81613A and Agilent 81614A Return Loss modules include a power sensor, monitor diode, three couplers, and two internal laser source in one module. They are for use in the Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter, the Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System, and the Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel System for making return loss measurements.
The Return Loss Module Getting Started with Return Loss A Description of the Front Panel Figure 4 Inserting the module Front Panel of Agilent 816010A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Modules The procedure for inserting a module into your mainframe is described in your mainframe’s User’s Guide. Optical Output Agilent 8161x series Return Loss modules are equipped with angled (8°) contact optical input and output connectors.
Getting Started with Return Loss What is Return Loss? What is Return Loss? When light passes through an optical component most of it travels in the intended direction, but some light is reflected or scattered. In many applications these reflections are unwanted, because they can affect the emission characteristics of any laser in the system. In such applications, it is important to measure the reflections for the components of the system.
What is Insertion Loss? Getting Started with Return Loss What is Insertion Loss? Light that is absorbed, scattered, or reflected by a component also affects how much light a component transmits. The transmission factor for a component is a measure of how much light the component transmits. It is a ratio of the power transmitted by the device to the power incident on the device. More normally we talk about the Insertion Loss of a component. The insertion loss has units of dB.
Getting Started with Return Loss How to Choose a Light Source How to Choose a Light Source Highly accurate return loss measurement requires that you use a light source with a subset of the following properties: • low coherence length • high power If a return loss module with at least one internal source (such as the Agilent 81611A, 81612A, 81613A or 81614A) is not available, we recommend that you use any of the following as part of your return loss measurement setup: • Agilent 83438A Erbium ASE Source.
Calibration Measurements Getting Started with Return Loss Calibration Measurements Before measuring the reflection factor of a device under test (DUT), take calibration measurements as described in “Calibrating the Return Loss Module” on page 21. These calibrations eliminate wavelength dependencies, coupler directivity, insertion losses, backscattering and other non-ideal characteristics of the system.
Getting Started with Return Loss Making a Return Loss Measurement Setup The Return Loss measurement setup described uses an Agilent 81654A Source module, inserted as a second module in the the same mainframe as the Return Loss module.
Making a Return Loss Measurement Set Averaging Time Getting Started with Return Loss 3 Move to the [AvgTime] parameter (the measurement averaging time). Make sure that the selected averaging time is suitable for your measurements. Use an averaging time of at least 200 ms, but increase this to at least 1 s for return losses greater than 50 dB. Longer averaging times give more accurate results, but reduce the speed at which the instrument can complete a measurement.
Getting Started with Return Loss Making a Return Loss Measurement – The Agilent 81000BR Reference Reflector allows you to make a Reflectance Calibration and a Termination Calibration. These procedures are decribed in “Calibration using the Agilent 81000BR Reference Reflector” on page 23. – The Agilent 81610CC Reference Cable also allows you to make a Reflectance Calibration. Use the measurement patchcord to make a Termination Calibration.
Making a Return Loss Measurement Getting Started with Return Loss Calibration using the Agilent 81000BR Reference Reflector You can use the Agilent 81000BR Reference Reflector to make a Reflectance Calibration, and a Termination Calibration. Reflectance Calibration Use this procedure to calibrate the Return Loss module against a component of known return loss.
Getting Started with Return Loss Making a Return Loss Measurement 5 Move to [RLref>] and make sure that the displayed value is correct. Set [RLref] to the value of the return loss of the reference reflection you are using. For example, if you are using the Agilent 81000BR reference reflector, set [RLref] to 0.18 dB. Figure 13 Measuring the Reflection Reference 6 Press [Menu]. Move to and press [Enter]. The instrument measures the power reflected by the back reflector.
Making a Return Loss Measurement Getting Started with Return Loss Termination Calibration Use this procedure to calibrate the Return Loss module against a terminated cable, that is when there are no reflections returning from its end.
Getting Started with Return Loss Making a Return Loss Measurement Calibration using the Agilent 81610CC Reference Cable Use the Agilent 816100CC Refernce Cable to make a Reflectance Calibration, and the measurement patchcord to make a Termination Calibration. To measure insertion loss and the front panel delta of the system (see “Calculating the Front Panel Delta” on page 41), you must also measure the insertion loss of the Reference Cable and measurement patchcord.
Making a Return Loss Measurement Getting Started with Return Loss 3 Move to [RLref], press [Edit]. Make sure that the displayed value of is correct. If it is not, move to [RLref], press [Edit], set the value the return loss value of the reference cable you are using, then press [OK]. 4 Press [Menu]. Move to and press Enter. The instrument measures the power reflected by the reference cable. The [RL] value changes to the same value as entered for [RLref].
Getting Started with Return Loss Making a Return Loss Measurement 8161x Power Sensor 8163A Lightwave Multimeter Reference Cable Agilent 81610CC Figure 19 Measuring the Power Transmitted through the Reference Cable - Internal Source 2 Move to the Power Sensor channel: – Press [Menu]. – Move to , move to and press Enter. – Move to and press Enter. This sets the power transmitted through the reference cable, EMeas, as the reference value [.]
Making a Return Loss Measurement Getting Started with Return Loss or Figure 21 if you are using an internal source (Agilent 81611A/2A/3A/4A Return Loss modules only). 8161x Power Sensor 8163A Lightwave Multimeter measurement patchcord Figure 21 Measuring the Power Transmitted through the Measurement Patchcord Internal Source 2 Move to the Power Sensor channel: – Press [Menu]. – If necessary, move to , move to and press Enter.
Getting Started with Return Loss Making a Return Loss Measurement Figure 22 Measuring the Termination Parameter - External Source or Figure 23 if you are using an internal source (Agilent 81611A/2A/3A/4A Return Loss modules only). Termination 8161x 8163A Lightwave Multimeter measurement patchcord Figure 23 Measuring the Termination Parameter - Internal Source 2 Terminate the measurement patchcord so that there are no reflections coming from the end.
Making a Return Loss Measurement Getting Started with Return Loss How to Measure Return Loss It is not necessary to make new calibration measurements for each DUT. You can make the calibration measurements for your system, and then measure the return loss of many devices. The value shown in the result field for the Return Loss channel is the measured return loss. 1 Attach the DUT to the measurement patchcord. In the example shown in Figure 24, the DUT is a connector pair.
Getting Started with Return Loss Measuring the Insertion Loss Making a Return Loss Measurement To measure insertion loss, you measure the power transmitted through the DUT, as shown in Figure 25. As you have already, in Step 2 on page 28, set the [Ref] parameter to the power transmitted through the Reference Cable. The displayed power in dB is equal to the insertion loss. NO TE Set the Front Panel Delta as described on “Front Panel Delta Calibration” on page 27.
Making a Return Loss Measurement Getting Started with Return Loss – [Meas], the power currently measured by the Return loss Module’s internal power sensor in dBm Figure 26 The Calibration Parameters Screens - Return Loss Diode 2 Press [Next]. The Calibration parameters screen for the Monitor Diode appears, as displayed in Figure 27. This screen shows current value for the following quantities: – [Para], the parasitic power value measured by the Return Loss module’s monitor diode in dBm.
Getting Started with Return Loss Making a Return Loss Measurement – [Meas], the power currently measured by the Return loss Module’s internal monitor diode in dBm Figure 27 The Calibration Parameters Screens - Monitor Diode 3 Press [Next]. The Calibration parameters screen for User Data appears, as displayed in Figure 28.
Making a Return Loss Measurement Getting Started with Return Loss – [RLref], the value of the return loss of the reference relector used. If you are using a reference cable, this value will be around 14.
Getting Started with Return Loss A Background to Return Loss Measurement A Background to Return Loss Measurement Measuring the Reflected Power from a Component with Known Reflection Factor First, attach a component with a known reflection factor in place of the DUT, and measure the power reflected. This is component is called the reflection reference.
A Background to Return Loss Measurement Getting Started with Return Loss Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the Reflection Reference NOT E Note you can only measure the Front Panel Delta if you use the a Reflection Reference Cable. Connect your a Reflection Reference Cable to a Power Meter and measure the transmitted power, Eref. You can use Eref to calculate the front panel delta, see “Calculating the Front Panel Delta” on page 41.
Getting Started with Return Loss A Background to Return Loss Measurement Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the Measurement Patchcord Connect the measurement patch cord (the cable you will use to connect to the Device Under Test, DUT) directly to a Power Meter and measure the transmitted power, EMeas. You can use EMeas to calculate the front panel delta, see “Calculating the Front Panel Delta” on page 41 and to calculate the insertion loss, see “Calculating the Insertion Loss of the DUT” on page 43.
A Background to Return Loss Measurement Getting Started with Return Loss Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the DUT Unterminate the DUT and connect the DUT to a Power Meter so that the power that is transmitted through the DUT can be measured.
Getting Started with Return Loss A Background to Return Loss Measurement That is: 3 = W 2 N 1 N 2 3VUF 5 + W 2 V0 where: 0 = W 1 36UF W2 F 1 = ---- N 1 N 2 W1 W2 F 2 = ---- V W1 ⇒ 3 = F1 0 5 + F2 0 (1) The constants t1, t2, k1 and k2 are multipliers giving the proportion of power transmitted through the coupler from the Input port to the Output port and from the Output port to the sensor port respectively.
A Background to Return Loss Measurement Getting Started with Return Loss If we substitute equation 3 into equations 2 and 4, this gives us the following two equations: 0 UHI 35HI = F 1 0 5HI 55HI + --------------- 3SDUD 0 SDUD (5) 0 '87 3'87 = F 1 0 '87 5 '87 + --------------- 3 SDUD 0 (6) SDUD If we subtract Ppara from equations 5 and 6, this gives us the following equations: 0 5HI 3 5HI – --------------- 3 SDUD = F 1 0 5HI 5 5HI 0 SDUD (7) 0 '87 3 '87 – --------------- 3SDUD = F 1 0 '87 5 '87 0 S
Getting Started with Return Loss A Background to Return Loss Measurement To measure the front panel delta you must measure the power transmitted through the reference cable, “Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the Reflection Reference” on page 37, and the power transmitted through the measurement cable, see “Measuring the Power Transmitted Through the Measurement Patchcord” on page 38.
A Background to Return Loss Measurement Getting Started with Return Loss When you enter a value for the Front Panel Delta, , the instrument automatically performs the following calculation: 5/ = 5/ '87 + 2∆/ (17) Calculating the Insertion Loss of the DUT Insertion Loss is explained in “What is Insertion Loss?” on page 17.
Getting Started with Return Loss 44 A Background to Return Loss Measurement Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition
Accessories Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition 45
Accessories Agilent 8161x series Return Loss modules are available in various configurations for the best possible match to the most common applications. This chapter provides information on the available options and accessories.
Modules and Options Accessories Modules and Options Agilent 8163A Mainframe Ch.A Ch.B 5HWXUQ /RVV 0RGXOH ,QSXW Agilent 81610A RL Module Laser Source input 81000SI &RQQHFWRU ,QWHUIDFHV IRU DQJOHG FRQWDFWV 81000SI &RQQHFWRU ,QWHUIDFHV +, ( $3& ., 6& $3& 1, )& $3& 6, ',1 Connector Interface Connector Interface or patchcord (DIN to...): patchcord (DIN to...
Accessories 48 Modules and Options Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition
Specifications Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition 49
Specifications Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Modules are produced to the ISO 9001 international quality system standard as part of Agilent Technologies’s commitment to continually increasing customer satisfaction through improved quality control. Specifications describe the modules’ warranted performance. Supplementary performance characteristics describe the modules’ non-warranted typical performance.
Definition of Terms Specifications Definition of Terms This section defines terms that are used both in this chapter and . Generally, all specifications apply for the given environmental conditions and after warmup time. Measurement principles are indicated. Alternative measurement principles of equal value are also acceptable.
Specifications Definition of Terms External Input Power Range The range of external input power levels for which the specified uncertainties apply. External Input Damage Power The maximum power level that can be applied to the input port without permanent change of the return loss meter characteristics. Center Wavelength The center wavelength is defined as the spectral center of gravity.
Definition of Terms Specifications Total Uncertainty The maximum difference between measured return loss and actual return loss. Symbol ∆Rtotal , expressed in dB . ∆5 WRWDO = 5 [ ′ – 5[ (all quanties expressed in dB) where Rx’ is the measured return loss, Rx the actual return loss.
Specifications 54 Definition of Terms Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition
Return Loss Module Specifications Specifications Return Loss Module Specifications All modules require angled contact (8°) at input and output connectors Table 3 Return Loss Module Specifications Agilent 81610A Internal source external input only[1] Sensor element InGaAs Standard single-mode 9 / 125 µm Fiber type External input max input power: 10 dBm min input power: 0 dBm damage input power: 16 dBm Wavelength range for external input 1250 nm to 1640 nm Dynamic Range 70 dB [2] with broad
Specifications Return Loss Module Specifications Table 4 Reference Cable Specifications 81610CC Reference Cable Return Loss as printed on cable Return loss uncertainty ± 0.2 dB [1] Wavelengths 1310 and 1550 nm ± 20 nm [1] NO TE 56 Clean reference reflector in perfect optical condition (Do not use with contact-type connectors). To connect to Return Loss Modules the cable requires conector interface 81000SI DIN47256.
Return Loss Module Specifications with Internal Source Specifications Return Loss Module Specifications with Internal Source NOT E For use with external sources the specifications of the Agilent 81610A Return Loss Module apply.
Specifications Return Loss Module Specifications with Internal Source Table 5 Return Loss Module Specifications with Internal Source Agilent 81611A Agilent 81612A Source Agilent 81613A Agilent 81614A Fabry-Perot Laser (internal) Output Power typ. -4dBm Center wavelength [1] 1310 nm ± 20 nm typ. 1550 nm ± 20 nm typ. Sensor element 1310/1550 nm ± 20 nm typ.
Performance Tests Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition 59
Performance Tests The procedures in this section test the performance of the instrument. The complete specifications to which the Agilent 81610A Return Loss module, and the Agilent 81610CC Reference Cable, are tested are given in “Specifications” on page 49. The Return Loss of Agilent 81610CC Reference Cable is printed on the cable. All tests can be performed without access to the interior of the instrument.
Equipment Required Performance Tests Equipment Required Instrument/Accessory Recommended Model 81610A 81610CC 81611A/12A/ 13A/14A Equipment required for the performance test is listed below. Any equipment that satisfies the critical specifications may be substituted for the recommended models.
Performance Tests Test Record Test Record Results of the performance test may be tabulated on the Test Record provided after the test procedures. It is recommended that you fill out the Test Record and refer to it while doing the test. Since the test limits and setup information are printed on the Test Record for easy reference, you can also use the record as an abbreviated test procedure (if you are already familiar with the test procedures).
Instrument Specification Performance Tests Any changes in the specifications due to manufacturing changes, design, or traceability to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), are covered in a manual change supplement, or revised manual. Such specifications supercede any that were previously published.
Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions Performance Test Instructions C AU TI O N Do not connect an Agilent 81000BR Reference Reflector directly to the Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss module. NO TE Make sure that all optical connections of the test setups given in the procedure are dry and clean. DO NOT USE INDEX MATCHING OIL. For cleaning, use the cleaning instructions given in “Cleaning Information” on page 89.
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests 6 At the Power meter: a Set the averaging time [Av Time] to 1 s b Set the wavelength [λ] to the wavelength of the ASE source. c Set [Pwr unit] to . 7 At the Return Loss meter: a Set the averaging time [Av Time] to 1 s b Set the wavelength [λ] to the wavelength of the ASE source. c Enter the Return Loss Reference value [RLref] of the 81610CC reference cable for this wavelength.
Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions NO TE To ensure traceability, use the 81610CC Reference Cable for calibration measurements. Do not use the 81610CC Reference Cable for measurements on a Device Under Test. Instead, use a measurement patchcord. C AU TI O N It is important to maintain the quality of the straight connector end of the 81610CC Reference Cable. Never add another connector to the straight end of the 81610CC Reference Cable, since a physical connection is made.
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests Example for Agilent 81610A Return Loss module Actual Return Loss Reading [dB] Actual Attenuation [dB] Subtract Result [dB] Effective Attenuation [dB] RLref [dB] RL AA EA=2AA 14.8 0.00 0.0 +0.0 20.0 2.55 5.1 +0.1 25.0 5.10 10.2 +0.0 30.0 7.60 15.2 +0.0 35.0 10.10 20.2 +0.0 40.0 12.55 25.1 +0.1 45.0 15.10 30.2 50.0 17.55 35.1 52.5 18.55 37.7 +0.0 55.0 20.05 40.1 +0.1 57.5 21.25 42.5 +0.2 60.0 22.50 45.0 +0.
Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A: Relative Uncertainty of Return Loss and Dynamic Range The maximum return loss range at the Return Loss Meter is significantly affected by all parasitic reflections and backscatter returned to the optical output of the Return Loss Meter. To minimize these effects, it is essential to use clean connectors, and to minimize the fiber lengths and the number of optical connections used in the measurement setup.
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests 6 At the Power meter: a Set the averaging time [Av Time] to 1s b Set the wavelength [l] to the wavelength of the RTL source. c Set [Pwr unit] to . 7 At the return loss meter: a Set the averaging time [Av Time] to 1s. b Enter the Return Loss Reference value RLref of the 81610CC reference cable for this wavelength. Note this value in the Test Record as RLref. c Press [RefCal] to calibrate the Return Loss module at reference condition.
Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions b Set ’Wavelength’ to the wavelength of the RTL source. c Enable the attenuator. 12 At the Return Loss meter, press [TermCal] in order to calibrate the Return Loss module at termination condition. 13 At the optical attenuator, set the ’Attenuation’ to 0.0dB.The measured Return Loss should now be identical to the RLref value entered at step 7.b). 14 Note this return loss value in the Test Record. 15 At the powermeter press [Disp®Ref].
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests 21 At the return loss module: a Set the averaging time [Averaging time] to 50ms. b Set [Data Points] to 1000. c Select [MinMax mode], select the [continuous] mode. d Fix the cables on the table and ensure no movement of the fibers. e Select [Reset MinMax] f Wait 50 seconds. g Note the DP reading on the return loss module as the PDL value into the test record.
Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions For reference, see example below. Subtract Actual Return Actual PowerEffective Total Loss Reading meter Reading Attenuation [dB] Attenuation [dB] RLref [dB] [dB] [dB] EA = 2*APR 72 TA = ΣΕΑι, i≤ n RLref Result rev Spec [dB] [dB] = RL-TA -RLref SpecPDL PDL Spec max. PDL [dB] [dB] RL APR 14.8 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 <±0.38 <±0.5 20.0 -2.55 -5.10 -5.10 +0.09 <±0.38 <±0.5 25.0 -2.55 -5.10 -10.20 -0.01 <±0.38 <±0.5 30.0 -2.
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests Calibrating the 81610CC Reference Cable The 81610CC Reference Cable may be recalibrated using this procedure. Repair is not possible. 1 Make sure that all cable connectors are clean. 2 Setup the equipment as shown in Figure 42. Make sure that the ouptut port of the Attenuator has a straight connector. Clean this connector very carefully, and connect it to the straight end of the 81610CC Reference Cable.
Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions 6 At the Return Loss module, a Make sure [FP Delta] is set to 0.00 dB b Make sure [RL ref] is set to 0.00 dB c Set the averaging time [Av Time] to 10 s d Set to External. 7 Turn on the 11896A Polarization Controller. a Set the ‘Scan Rate’ to 8 b Press the ‘Autoscan’ button to begin scrambling the polarization states.
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests Mainframe 8163A w/ 81654A FP Laser Source Polarization Ctrl 11896A 81654A 11896A Optical Attenuator 8156A Mainframe 8163A w/ 8161xA RTL and 81634A Power Sensor 8161xA 81634A 8156A #101 81113PC 8163A 8163A in out 81610CC Figure 44 81610CC Reference Cable - Adjusting Input Power to 0.0 dB Return Loss 12 Set the ‘Attenuation’ such that the Power Sensor shows a power [P] reading of exactly -20.
Performance Tests 76 Performance Test Instructions Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests Performance Test for the Agilent 81610A Page 1 of 3 Agilent 81610A Return Loss module Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature Options _________________________ Relative Humidity Firmware Rev.
Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions Performance Test for the Agilent 81610A Test Equipment Used Page 2 of 3 Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date 1a1 Lightwave Multimeter (Std.
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests Performance Test for the Agilent 81610A Page 3 of 3 Model: Agilent 81610A Return Loss module Test Number Test Description I Report No ________ Min. Spec. Result [dB] Date ________________ Max. Spec. Measurement Uncertainty Relative Uncertainty of RL [dB] RL AA EA = 2AA = RL - EA - RLref RLref 15.0 -0.25< <+0.25 20.0 -0.25< <+0.25 25.0 -0.25< <+0.25 30.0 -0.25< <+0.25 35.0 -0.25< <+0.25 40.0 -0.25< <+0.25 45.0 -0.25< <+0.
Performance Tests 80 Performance Test Instructions Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests Performance Test for the Agilent 8161_A Page 1 of 3 Agilent 8161_A Return Loss module Serial No. _________________________ Ambient Temperature ___________°C Options _________________________ Relative Humidity ___________ % Firmware Rev.
Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions Performance Test for the Agilent 8161_A Test Equipment Used Page 2 of 3 Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date 1a1 Lightwave Multimeter (Std.
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests Performance Test for the Agilent 8161_A Page 3 of 3 Model: Agilent 8161_A Return Loss module Report No ________ Test Number Test Description Result Revised [dB] Spec. = RL ΣΕΑιRLref = RL - EA - RLref I Date ________________ PDL [dB] Spec. Measurement Uncertainty Relative Uncertainty of RL [dB] RL APR EA = 2APR ΣΕΑι, i≤ n RLref 15.0 <+0.5 20.0 <+0.5 25.0 <+0.5 30.0 <+0.5 35.0 <+0.5 40.0 <+0.5 45.0 <+0.5 50.0 <+0.5 52.
Performance Tests 84 Performance Test Instructions Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests Calibration of 81610CC Reference Cable Page 1 of 3 Model 81610CC Reference Cable Serial No.
Performance Tests Performance Test Instructions Calibration of 81610CC Reference Cable Test Equipment Used Page 2 of 3 Description Model No. Trace No Cal. Due Date 1a1 Lightwave Multimeter (Std.
Performance Test Instructions Performance Tests Calibration of 81610CC Reference Cable Page 3 of 3 Model: 81610CC Reference Cable Test Number Test Description II Report No ________ Min. Spec. Result [dB] Date ________________ Max. Spec. Measurement Uncertainty Reference Reflectance Wavelength Ref Meas = Ref - Meas 1310 nm ± 0.20 dB 1550 nm ± 0.
Performance Tests 88 Performance Test Instructions Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition
Cleaning Information Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition 89
Cleaning Information The following Cleaning Information contains some general safety precautions, which must be observed during all phases of cleaning. Consult your specific optical device manuals or guides for full information on safety matters. Please try, whenever possible, to use physically contacting connectors, and dry connections. Clean the connectors, interfaces, and bushings carefully after use.
Safety Precautions Cleaning Information Safety Precautions Please follow the following safety rules: • Do not remove instrument covers when operating. • Ensure that the instrument is switched off throughout the cleaning procedures. • Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified may result in hazardous radiation exposure. • Make sure that you disable all sources when you are cleaning any optical interfaces.
Cleaning Information What do I need for proper cleaning? Furthermore, the power density may burn dust into the fiber and cause additional damage (for example, 0 dBm optical power in a single mode fiber causes a power density of approximately 16 million W/m2). If this happens, measurements become inaccurate and non-repeatable. Cleaning is, therefore, an essential yet difficult task.
What do I need for proper cleaning? Cleaning Information We suggest these protective coverings should be kept on the equipment at all times, except when your optical device is in use. Be careful when replacing dust caps after use. Do not press the bottom of the cap onto the fiber too hard, as any dust in the cap can scratch or pollute your fiber surface. If you need further dust caps, please contact your nearest Agilent Technologies sales office.
Cleaning Information What do I need for proper cleaning? Soft tissues These are available from most stores and distributors of medical and hygiene products such as supermarkets or chemists’ shops. We recommend that you do not use normal cotton tissues, but multilayered soft tissues made from non-recycled cellulose. Cellulose tissues are very absorbent and softer. Consequently, they will not scratch the surface of your device over time.
What do I need for proper cleaning? Cleaning Information When spraying compressed air, hold the can upright. If the can is held at a slant, propellant could escape and dirty your optical device. First spray into the air, as the initial stream of compressed air could contain some condensation or propellant. Such condensation leaves behind a filmy deposit. Please be friendly to your environment and use a CFC-free aerosol.
Cleaning Information What do I need for proper cleaning? Only use isopropyl alcohol in your ultrasonic bath, as other solvents may cause damage. Warm water and liquid soap Only use water if you are sure that there is no other way of cleaning your optical device without causing corrosion or damage. Do not use hot water, as this may cause mechanical stress, which can damage your optical device. Ensure that your liquid soap has no abrasive properties or perfume in it.
Preserving Connectors Cleaning Information Preserving Connectors Listed below are some hints on how best to keep your connectors in the best possible condition. Making Connections Before you make any connection you must ensure that all cables and connectors are clean. If they are dirty, use the appropriate cleaning procedure. When inserting the ferrule of a patchcord into a connector or an adapter, make sure that the fiber end does not touch the outside of the mating connector or adapter.
Cleaning Information Which Cleaning Procedure should I use ? Which Cleaning Procedure should I use ? Light dirt If you just want to clean away light dirt, observe the following procedure for all devices: • Use compressed air to blow away large particles. • Clean the device with a dry cotton swab. • Use compressed air to blow away any remaining filament left by the swab. Heavy dirt If the above procedure is not enough to clean your instrument, follow one of the procedures below.
How to clean connector adapters Cleaning Information To assess the projection of the emitted light beam you can use an infrared sensor card. Hold the card approximately 5 cm from the output of the connector. The invisible emitted light is projected onto the card and becomes visible as a small circular spot. Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions. 1 Clean the connector by rubbing a new, dry cotton swab over the surface using a small circular movement.
Cleaning Information Preferred Procedure How to clean connector interfaces Use the following procedure on most occasions. 1 Clean the adapter by rubbing a new, dry cotton swab over the surface using a small circular movement. 2 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air. Procedure for Stubborn Dirt Use this procedure when there is greasy dirt on the adapter: 1 Moisten a new cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol.
How to clean bare fiber adapters Cleaning Information 3 Moisten a new cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol. 4 Clean the interface by rubbing the cotton swab over the surface using a small circular movement. 5 Using a new, dry pipe cleaner, and a new, dry cotton swab remove the alcohol, any dissolved sediment and dust. 6 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air. How to clean bare fiber adapters Bare fiber adapters are difficult to clean. Protect from dust unless they are in use.
Cleaning Information How to clean lenses How to clean lenses Some lenses have special coatings that are sensitive to solvents, grease, liquid and mechanical abrasion. Take extra care when cleaning lenses with these coatings. Lens assemblies consisting of several lenses are not normally sealed. Therefore, use as little alcohol as possible, as it can get between the lenses and in doing so can change the properties of projection. Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions.
How to clean instruments with an optical glass plate Cleaning Information If there are fluids or fat in the connector, please refer the instrument to the skilled personnel of Agilent’s service team. CA UT IO N Only use clean, dry compressed air. Make sure that the air is free of dust, water, and oil. If the air that you use is not clean and dry, this can lead to filmy deposits or scratches on the surface of your connector interface. This will degrade the performance of your transmission system.
Cleaning Information W A R NI N G How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface Never look into an optical output, because this can seriously damage your eyesight. To assess the projection of the emitted light beam you can use an infrared sensor card. Hold the card approximately 5 cm from the interface. The invisible emitted light is projected onto the card and becomes visible as a small circular spot. Preferred Procedure Use the following procedure on most occasions.
How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to mechanical stress and pressure Preferred Procedure Cleaning Information Use the following procedure on most occasions. 1 Blow away any dust or dirt with compressed air. If this is not sufficient, then 2 Clean the interface by rubbing a new, dry cotton swab over the surface using a small circular movement. 3 Blow away any remaining lint with compressed air.
Cleaning Information How to clean metal filters or attenuator gratings procedure is time-consuming, but you avoid scratching or destroying the surface. 1 Put the film on the surface and wait at least 30 minutes to make sure that the film has had enough time to dry. 2 Remove the film and any dirt with special adhesive tapes. Alternative Procedure For these types of optical devices you can often use an ultrasonic bath with isopropyl alcohol.
Additional Cleaning Information Cleaning Information Additional Cleaning Information The following cleaning procedures may be used with other optical equipment: • How to clean bare fiber ends • How to clean large area lenses and mirrors How to clean bare fiber ends Bare fiber ends are often used for splices or, together with other optical components, to create a parallel beam. The end of a fiber can often be scratched. You make a new cleave. To do this: 1 Strip off the cladding.
Cleaning Information Additional Cleaning Information Only use water if you are sure that there is no other way of cleaning your optical device without causing corrosion or damage. Do not use hot water, as this may cause mechanical stress, which can damage your optical device. Ensure that your liquid soap has no abrasive properties or perfume in it. You should also avoid normal washing up liquid, as it can cover your device in an iridescent film after it has been air dried.
Other Cleaning Hints Cleaning Information Other Cleaning Hints Selecting the correct cleaning method is an important element in maintaining your equipment and saving you time and money. This Appendix highlights the main cleaning methods, but cannot address every individual circumstance. This section contain some additional hints which we hope will help you further. For further information, please contact your local Agilent Technologies representative.
Cleaning Information 110 Other Cleaning Hints Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition
Index Index C Conventions 6 D Definition of Terms 51 Dynamic Range 51 External Input Damage Power 52 External Input Power Range 52 Relative Uncertainty 52 Return Loss 51 Total Uncertainty 53 Wavelength Range 52 I Initial Safety Information 5 Insertion Loss 17 O Optical Output 15 P Performance Tests 60 Agilent 81610A 77, 81, 85 Dynamic Range 64 Relative Uncertainty 64 Required Equipment 61 Test Failure 62 R Recommended Connector Interfaces 47 Return Loss 11 Getting Started 13 Light Source 18 Agilent 81610A
Cleaning Information 112 Other Cleaning Hints Agilent 81610A/11A/12A/13A/14A Return Loss Module, Fifth Edition
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