User’s Guide Publication Number 01670-97022 August 2002 For Safety information, Warranties, and Regulatory information, see the pages behind the index.
Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzers The Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series is a 150-MHz State/500-MHz Timing Logic Analyzer with a VGA resolution color display. The 1670GSeries logic analyzer has two options available. One option is to add a 2 GSa/s digitizing oscilloscope. Another option is to add a 32 channel pattern generator.
Oscilloscope Features (Option) • 500 MHz bandwidth • 2 Gigasample per second max sampling rate • >32000 samples per channel • Marker measurements displays time between markers, acquires until specified time between markers in captured, performs statistical analysis on time between markers • Lightweight miniprobes Pattern Generator Features (Option) • 16 output channels at 200 MHz • 32 output channels at 100 MHz • 258,048 vectors Documentation Options • Programmer's Guide • Service Guide
In This Book This User’s Guide has three sections. Section 1 covers how to use the 1670G-series logic analyzers. Section 2 covers how to connect, use, and troubleshoot the logic analyzer via a Local Area Network (LAN) connection. Section 3 covers the features of the Agilent Technologies Symbol Utility software. Section 1. Chapters 1 through 4 cover general product information you need to use the logic analyzer.
Contents Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzers In This Book 1 Logic Analyzer Overview Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer To make a measurement 26 29 2 Connecting Peripherals Connecting Peripherals 36 To connect a mouse 37 To connect a keyboard 38 To connect to an GPIB printer 39 To connect to an RS-232-C printer 41 To connect to a parallel printer 43 To connect to a controller 44 3 Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Logic Analyzer Accessing the Menus 46 47 To access the S
Contents Using the Analyzer Menus 52 To label channel groups 52 To create a symbol 55 To examine an analyzer waveform 57 To examine an analyzer listing 60 To compare two listings 63 The Inverse Assembler 65 To use an inverse assembler 65 4 Using the Trigger Menu Using the Trigger Menu 70 Specifying a Basic Trigger 71 To assign terms to an analyzer 72 To define a term 74 To change the trigger specification 75 Changing the Trigger Sequence 77 To add sequence levels 78 To change trigger function
Contents Managing Memory 89 To selectively store branch conditions (state only) To set the memory length 91 To place the trigger in memory 93 To set the sampling rates (Timing only) 94 90 5 Triggering Examples Triggering Examples 96 Single-Machine Trigger Examples 97 To store and time the execution of a subroutine 98 To trigger on the nth iteration of a loop 100 To trigger on the nth recursive call of a recursive function 102 To trigger on entry to a function 104 To capture a write of known bad dat
Contents only) 124 To trigger timing analysis of a count-down on a set of data lines To monitor two coprocessors in a target system 126 Special Displays 128 To interleave trace lists 129 To view trace lists and waveforms on the same display 131 6 File Management File Management 134 Transferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive To save a configuration 136 To load a configuration 137 To save a trace list in ASCII format To save a screen's image 140 To load additional software 141 Transferring File
Contents Oscilloscope Common Menus Run/Stop options Autoscale 154 Time base 156 152 152 The Scope Channel Menu 157 Offset field 157 Probe field 158 Coupling field 158 Preset field 159 The Scope Display Menu 160 Mode field 160 Connect Dots field 162 Grid field 162 Display Options field 163 The Scope Trigger Menu 164 Trigger marker 164 Mode/Arm menu 164 Level field 167 Source field 169 Slope field 169 Count field 170 Auto-Trig field 171 When field 172 Count field 175 The Scope Marker Menu 176 M
Contents The Scope Auto Measure Menu 188 Input field 188 Automatic measurements display 189 Automatic measurement algorithms 191 8 Using the Pattern Generator Using the Pattern Generator 196 Setting Up the Proper Configurations To set up the configuration To build a label 199 197 197 Building Test Vectors and Functions 200 To build a main vector sequence 201 To build an initialization sequence 202 To edit a main or initialization sequence 203 To include hardware instructions in a sequence 204 To
Contents Loading ASCII Files ASCII File Commands 233 234 ASCDown Command 234 LABel 235 VECTor 236 FORMat:xxx 239 Loading an ASCII file over a bus (example) Pattern Generator Probing System 242 240 9 Logic Analyzer Reference 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Description 1670G-Series Configuration Capabilities Probing 244 246 248 General-purpose probing system description 251 Assembling the probing system 255 Oscilloscope probes (oscilloscope option only) 259 Connecting the pattern generator pods directly t
Contents Disk Drive Operations 275 Disk operations 275 Autoload 278 Format 278 Pack 279 Load and Store 280 The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centronics Interfaces 282 The GPIB interface 283 The RS-232-C interface 284 The Centronics interface 285 The Ethernet LAN interface 286 System Utilities 289 Real Time Clock Adjustments field Update FLASH ROM field 290 Display Color Selection 289 292 Setting the Color, Hue, Saturation, and Luminosity Fields 294 Returning to the Default Colors 294 The Analyzer Config
Contents The Analyzer Trigger Menu 312 Trigger sequence levels 312 Modify Trigger field 313 Timing trigger function library 314 State trigger function library 316 Modifying the user function 319 Resource terms 323 Arming Control field 327 Acquisition Control field 329 Count field (State only) 331 The Listing Menu Markers 332 332 The Waveform Menu 334 sec/Div field 334 Accumulate field 334 Delay field 335 Waveform label field 335 Waveform display 337 The Mixed Display Menu 338 Interleaving state
Contents The Compare Menu 344 Reference Listing field 345 Difference Listing field 345 Copy Listing to Reference field 346 Find Error field 347 Compare Full/Compare Partial field 347 10 System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software 350 What is System Performance Analysis? 352 Getting started 355 SPA measurement processes 357 Using State Overview, State Histogram, and Time Interval Using SPA with other features 383 373 11 Logic Analyzer Concepts Logic Analyzer Concep
Contents The Analyzer Hardware 403 1670G-series analyzer theory 404 Logic acquisition board theory 408 Oscilloscope board theory 412 Pattern Generator board theory 417 Self-tests description 420 12 Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Analyzer Problems 422 423 Intermittent data errors 423 Unwanted triggers 424 No activity on activity indicators 424 Capacitive loading 425 No trace list display 425 Analysis Probe Problems 426 Target system will not boot up 426 Slow c
Contents Error Messages 432 ". . . Inverse Assembler Not Found" 432 "No Configuration File Loaded" 432 "Selected File is Incompatible" 433 "Slow or Missing Clock" 433 "Waiting for Trigger" 433 "Must have at least 1 edge specified" 434 "Time correlation of data is not possible" 434 "Maximum of 32 channels per label" 434 "Timer is off in sequence level n where it is used" 435 "Timer is specified in sequence, but never started" 435 "Inverse assembler not loaded - bad object code.
Contents Preparing For Use 455 To inspect the logic analyzer 456 To apply power 456 To clean the logic analyzer 457 To test the logic analyzer 457 Troubleshooting 458 To use the flowcharts 459 To check the power-up tests 461 To run the self-tests 462 To test the auxiliary power 471 15 Introducing the LAN Interface Introducing the LAN Interface LAN section overview 476 478 16 Connecting and Configuring the LAN Connecting and Configuring the LAN To connect to your network 481 To configure the networ
Contents 18 Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Using the LAN’s X Window Interface 498 To start the interface from the front panel 499 To start the interface from the computer 501 To close the interface 504 To load the custom fonts 505 Additional Information 508 19 Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN To copy ASCII measurement data 511 To copy raw measurement data 512 To restore raw measurement data 513 To copy screen images from \system\graphics To copy
Contents 22 Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection 536 537 Assess the problem 537 Troubleshooting in a workstation environment 540 Troubleshooting in an MS-DOS environment 542 Troubleshooting in an MS Windows environment 544 Verify the logic analyzer performance 546 Status Number 548 Network Status Information 551 Solutions to Common Problems 553 If you cannot connect to the logic analyzer 553 If you cannot mount the logic analyzer
Contents 24 Getting Started with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with the Symbol Utility 570 To Access the Symbol File Load Menu 571 Method 1: Using the Module Field 571 Method 2: Using the Symbol Field in the Format Menu 573 To Access the Symbol Browser 575 25 Using the Symbol Utility To generate a symbol file 578 To Load a Symbol File 579 To Display Symbols in the Trace List 582 To Trigger on a Symbol 583 To View a List of Symbol Files Currently Loaded into the System To Remove a Symbol File From t
Contents The OMF Symbol Browser Menu 596 Symbol Type Selection Field (User vs.
Contents 22
Section 1 Logic Analyzer 23
1 Logic Analyzer Overview 25
Logic Analyzer Overview Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Front Panel (oscilloscope option) Select Key The Select key action depends on the type of field currently highlighted. If the field is an option field, the Select key brings up an option menu or, if there are only two possible values, toggles the value in the field. If the highlighted field performs a function, the Select key starts the function.
Logic Analyzer Overview Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Shift Key The Shift key, which is blue, provides lowercase letters and access to the functions in blue on some of the keys. You do not need to hold the shift key down while pressing the other key. Press the shift key first, and then the function key. Knob The knob can be used in some fields to change values. These fields are indicated by a side view of the knob placed on top of the field when it is selected.
Logic Analyzer Overview Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer External Trigger BNCs The External Trigger BNCs provide the "Port In" and "Port Out" connections for the Arm In and Arm Out of the Trigger Arming Control menu. RS-232-C Connector Standard DB-25 type connector for connecting an RS-232-C printer or controller. GPIB Connector Standard GPIB connector for connecting an GPIB printer or controller. Parallel Printer Connector Standard Centronics connector for connecting a parallel printer.
Logic Analyzer Overview Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer To make a measurement For more detail on any of the information below, see the referenced chapters or the Logic Analyzer Training Kit. If you are using an analysis probe with the logic analyzer, some of these steps may not apply. Map to target Connect probes Connect probes from the target system to the logic analyzer to physically map the target system to the channels in the logic analyzer.
Logic Analyzer Overview Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Assign pods In the Analyzer Configuration menu, assign the connected pods to the analyzer you want to use. The number of pods on your logic analyzer depends on the model. Pods are paired and always assigned as a pair to a particular analyzer. Set up analyzers Set modes and clocks Set the state and timing analyzers using the Analyzer Format menu. In general, these modes trade channel count for speed or storage.
Logic Analyzer Overview Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Set up trigger Define terms In the Analyzer Trigger menu, define trigger variables called terms to match specific conditions in your target system. Terms can match patterns, ranges, or edges across multiple labels.
Logic Analyzer Overview Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Run measurement Select single or repetitive From any Analyzer menu, select the field labeled Run in the upper right corner to start measuring, or press the Run key. A single run will run once, until memory is full; a repetitive run will go until you select Stop or until a stop measurement condition that you set in the markers menu is fulfilled.
Logic Analyzer Overview Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer View data Search for patterns In both the Waveform and Listing menus you can use symbols and markers to search for patterns in your data. In the Analyzer Waveform or Analyzer Listing menu, toggle the Markers field to turn the pattern markers on and then specify the pattern. When you switch views, the markers keep their settings.
Logic Analyzer Overview Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Make measurements The markers can count occurrences of events, measure durations, and collect statistics, and SPA provides high-level summaries to help you identify bottlenecks. To use the markers, select the appropriate marker type in the display menu and specify the data patterns for the marker. To use SPA, go to the SPA menu, select the most appropriate mode, fill in the parameters, and press Run.
2 Connecting Peripherals 35
Connecting Peripherals Connecting Peripherals Connecting Peripherals The 1670G-series logic analyzers comes with a PS2 mouse. It also provides connectors for a keyboard, Centronics (parallel) printer, and GPIB and RS-232-C devices. This chapter tells you how to connect peripheral equipment such as the mouse or a printer to the logic analyzer. Mouse and Keyboard You can use either the supplied mouse and optional keyboard, or another PS2 mouse and keyboard with standard DIN connector.
Connecting Peripherals Connecting Peripherals To connect a mouse Agilent Technologies supplies a mouse with the logic analyzer. If you prefer a different style of mouse you can use any PS2 mouse with a standard PS2 DIN interface. 1 Plug the mouse into the mouse connector on the back panel. Make sure the plug shows the arrow on top. 2 To verify connection, check the System External I/O menu for a mouse box. The mouse box is on the right side above the Settings fields.
Connecting Peripherals Connecting Peripherals To connect a keyboard You can use either the Agilent-recommended keyboard, E2427B, or any other keyboard with a standard DIN connector. 1 Plug the keyboard into the keyboard connector on the back panel. 2 To verify, check the System External I/O menu for a keyboard box. The keyboard box is on the right side, above the Settings fields.
Connecting Peripherals Connecting Peripherals To connect to an GPIB printer Printers connected to the logic analyzer over GPIB must support GPIB and Listen Always. When controlling a printer, the analyzer's GPIB port does not respond to service requests (SRQ), so the SRQ enable setting does not have any effect on printer operation. 1 Turn off the analyzer and the printer, and connect an GPIB cable from the printer to the GPIB connector on the analyzer rear panel. 2 Turn on the analyzer and printer.
Connecting Peripherals Connecting Peripherals 4 Go to the System External I/O menu and configure the analyzer's printer settings. a If the analyzer is not already set to GPIB, select the field under Connected To: in the Printer box and choose GPIB from the menu. b Select the Printer Settings field. c In the top field of the pop-up, select the type of printer you are using. If you are using an Epson graphics printer or an Epson-compatible printer, select Alternate.
Connecting Peripherals Connecting Peripherals To connect to an RS-232-C printer 1 Turn off the analyzer and the printer, and connect a null-modem RS-232-C cable from the printer to the RS-232-C connector on the analyzer rear panel. 2 Before turning on the printer, locate the mode configuration switches on the printer and set them as follows: • For the HP QuietJet series printers, there are two banks of mode function switches inside the front cover. Push all the switches down to the 0 position.
Connecting Peripherals Connecting Peripherals d If the default print width and page length are not what you want, select the fields to toggle them. If you select 132 characters per line when using a printer other than QuietJet, the listings are printed in a compressed mode. QuietJet printers can print 132 characters per line without going to compressed mode, but require wider paper. e Press Done. 5 Select the RS232 Settings field and check that the current settings are compatible with your printer.
Connecting Peripherals Connecting Peripherals To connect to a parallel printer 1 Turn off the analyzer and the printer, and connect a parallel printer cable from the printer to the parallel printer connector on the analyzer rear panel. 2 Before turning on the printer, configure the printer for parallel operation. The printer's documentation will tell you what switches or menus need to be configured. 3 Turn on the analyzer and printer.
Connecting Peripherals Connecting Peripherals To connect to a controller You can control the 1670G-series logic analyzer with another instrument, such as a computer running a program with embedded analyzer commands. The steps below outline the general procedure for connecting to a controller using GPIB or RS-232-C. 1 Turn off both instruments, and connect the cable. If you are using RS-232-C, the cable must be a null-modem cable.
3 Using the Logic Analyzer 45
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Logic Analyzer This chapter shows you how to perform the basic tasks necessary to make a measurement. Each section uses an example to show how the task fits into the overall goal of making a measurement.
Using the Logic Analyzer Accessing the Menus Accessing the Menus When you power up the logic analyzer, the first screen after the system tests is the Analyzer Configuration menu. Menus are identified by two fields in the upper left corner. The leftmost field shows Analyzer. This field is sometimes referred to as the "mode field" because it controls which other set of menus you can access. The second field, just to the right of the mode field, accesses menus within the mode and so is called the "menu field.
Using the Logic Analyzer Accessing the Menus To access the System menus The System menus allow you to perform operations that affect the entire logic analyzer, such as load configurations, change colors, and perform system diagnostics. 1 Select the mode field. Use the arrow keys to highlight the mode field, then press the Select key. Or, if you are using the mouse, click on the field. This operation is referred to as "select." A pop-up menu appears with the choices System and Analyzer.
Using the Logic Analyzer Accessing the Menus 3 Select the menu field. The pop-up lists five menus: Hard Disk, Flexible Disk, External I/O, Utilities, and Test. See Also • Hard Disk allows you to perform file operations on the hard disk. • Flexible Disk allows you to perform file operations on the flexible disk. • External I/O allows you to configure your GPIB, RS-232-C, and LAN interfaces, connect to a printer and controller, and to reset the 1670Gseries logic analyzer.
Using the Logic Analyzer Accessing the Menus To access the Analyzer menus The Analyzer menus allow you to control the analyzer to make your measurement, perform operations on the data, and view the results on the display. 1 Select the mode field. A pop-up menu appears with the choices System, Analyzer, and Patt Gen or Scope (if you have one of these options). If you have installed any optional software, there may be other choices as well. 2 Select Analyzer. 3 Select the menu field.
Using the Logic Analyzer Accessing the Menus See Also • Compare is available only when an analyzer is set to State. Use Compare to compare two listings and quickly scroll to the sections where they differ. • Mixed Display always appears in the menu list when an analyzer is set to State or Timing, but it requires a State analyzer with time tags enabled. • Waveform is available when an analyzer is set to State or Timing. Use Waveform to view the data as logic levels on discrete lines.
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Analyzer Menus Using the Analyzer Menus The following examples show how to use some of the Analyzer menus to configure the logic analyzer for measurements. These examples assume that you have already determined which signals are of interest, and have connected the logic analyzer to the target system. Some of the examples use data from a Motorola 68360 target system, acquired with an Agilent Technologies E2456A Analysis Probe.
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Analyzer Menus To create or modify a label and assign channel groups, use the following procedure. 1 Press the Format key to go to the Format menu. 2 Select a label under the Labels heading. In the pop-up menu, select Modify Label. 3 Use the front panel to enter a name for the label and press Done. In this example, the label is called CYCLE. 4 Select the pod containing the channels for the label.
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Analyzer Menus 5 Toggle the channel's group status by pressing Select. The indicator changes and the selector moves to the next channel. 6 Press the Done key to complete selection.
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Analyzer Menus To create a symbol Symbols are alphanumeric mnemonics that represent specific data patterns or ranges. When you define a symbol and set the base type to Symbol in the Listing menu, the symbol is displayed in the data listing where the bit pattern would normally be displayed. The symbols also appear in the Waveform menu when you view a label in bus form. Symbols allow you to quickly identify data of interest. To create a symbol, use the following procedure.
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Analyzer Menus 5 If additional Symbols are needed, repeat step 4 until you have added all symbols. In this example, three symbols are added: MEM RD, MEM WR, and DATA RD. 6 Toggle the Type field to "range" or "pattern". When Type is range, a third field appears under the Stop column. To fully specify a range, you need to enter a value for it, too. 7 Select the Pattern/Start field and use the keypad to enter an appropriate value in the selected base.
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Analyzer Menus To examine an analyzer waveform The Analyzer Waveform menu lets you view state or timing data in a format similar to an oscilloscope display. The horizontal axis represents states (in state mode) or time (in timing mode) and the vertical axis represents logic highs and lows. 1 In Analyzer mode, press the Run key to acquire data. In any mode other than Analyzer, Scope, or Patt Gen, pressing the Run key has no effect.
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Analyzer Menus 5 To scroll through waveforms, select the large rectangle below the Div field and use the knob. The roll indicator appears at the top of the rectangle and the name of the first waveform is highlighted. The highlight moves as you turn the knob. 6 To insert waveforms, double-click on the large rectangle under the Div field (sec/Div or states/Div). In the pop-up, select Insert, and then select the labels and channels.
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Analyzer Menus Example The following example shows a state waveform from the Agilent Technologies analysis probe for the Motorola 68360. Notice how the bus waveforms insert symbols or state data.
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Analyzer Menus To examine an analyzer listing The Analyzer Listing menu displays state or timing data as patterns (states). The Listing menu uses any of several formats to display the data such as binary, ASCII, or symbols. If you are using an inverse assembler and select Invasm, the data is displayed in mnemonics that closely resemble the microprocessor source code.
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Analyzer Menus 4 To scroll the data, use the Page keys or select the data roll field and use the knob. If you select the data roll field, the roll indicator moves to it. No matter which field is currently controlled by the knob, however, the Page keys page the data up or down. The numbers in the data roll column indicate how many samples the data is from the trigger. Negative numbers occurred before the trigger and positive numbers occurred after.
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Analyzer Menus Example The following illustration shows a listing from the Agilent Technologies analysis probe for the Motorola 68360. The ADDR label has the base set to Hex to conserve space on the display. The DATA label has the base set to Invasm for inverse assembly. The FC label has the base set to Symbol. Additional labels are located to the right of FC, and can be viewed by highlighting and selecting Label, then using the knob to scroll the display horizontally.
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Analyzer Menus To compare two listings The Compare menu allows you to take two state analyzer acquisitions and compare them to find the differences. You can use this function to quickly find all the effects after changing the target system or to quickly compare the results of quality tests with results from a working system. 1 In Analyzer mode, press the Run key to acquire data. In any mode other than Analyzer, Scope, or Patt Gen, pressing the Run key has no effect.
Using the Logic Analyzer Using the Analyzer Menus The Difference listing displays the states that are identical in dark typeface, and the states that are different in light typeface (indistinguishable in the above illustration). The light typeface shows the data from the compare file that is different from the data in the reference file. 5 Select the Find Error field and use the knob to scroll through the errors.
Using the Logic Analyzer The Inverse Assembler The Inverse Assembler When the analyzer captures a trace, it captures binary information. The analyzer can then present this information in symbol, binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal, or ASCII. Or, if given information about the meaning of the data captured, the analyzer can inverse assemble the trace. The inverse assembler makes the trace list more readable by presenting the trace results in terms of processor opcodes and data transactions.
Using the Logic Analyzer The Inverse Assembler The particular sequences that each label requires depends on the type of chip the inverse assembler was designed for. Because of this, inverse assemblers cannot generally be transferred between platforms. To run the inverse assembler, you must be sure the labels are spelled correctly as shown here, or as directed in your inverse assembler documentation. Even a minor difference such as not capitalizing each letter will cause the inverse assembler to not work.
Using the Logic Analyzer The Inverse Assembler If you roll the trace list to a new position and press Invasm again, the inverse assembler repeats the above process. However, it does not work backward in the trace list from the starting position. This may cause differences in the trace list above and below the point where you synchronized inverse assembly. The best way to ensure correct inverse assembly is to synchronize using the first state you know to be the first byte of an opcode fetch.
Using the Logic Analyzer The Inverse Assembler 68
4 Using the Trigger Menu 69
Using the Trigger Menu Using the Trigger Menu Using the Trigger Menu To use the logic analyzer efficiently, you need to be able to set up your own triggers. This chapter provides examples of triggering. Those examples assume you already know where to find fields in the trigger menu.
Using the Trigger Menu Specifying a Basic Trigger Specifying a Basic Trigger The default analyzer triggers are While storing "anystate" TRIGGER on "a" occuring 1 time Store "anystate" for state analyzers and TRIGGER on "a" > 8 ns for timing analyzers. If you want to simply record data, these will get you started. They can quickly be tailored by specifying a particular pattern to look for instead of the general case. Customizing a trigger generally requires these steps: • Assign terms.
Using the Trigger Menu Specifying a Basic Trigger To assign terms to an analyzer When you turn the logic analyzer on, Analyzer 1 is named Machine 1 and Analyzer 2 is off. Because trigger terms can only be used by one analyzer at a time, all the terms are assigned to Analyzer 1. If you plan to use both analyzers in your measurement, you need to assign some of the terms to Analyzer 2. 1 Go to the Trigger Machine 1 menu.
Using the Trigger Menu Specifying a Basic Trigger 4 To change a term assignment, select the term field. The term fields toggle from one section to the other. You can get all your terms assigned at once, or just change a few to meet immediate needs. 5 To exit the term assignment menu, select Done.
Using the Trigger Menu Specifying a Basic Trigger To define a term Both default triggers trigger on term "a". If you only need to look for the occurrence of a certain state, such as a write to protected memory, then you only need to define term "a" to make the measurement you want. 1 In the Trigger menu, select the field at the intersection of the term and the label whose value you want to trigger on. You set labels in the Analyzer Format menu.
Using the Trigger Menu Specifying a Basic Trigger To change the trigger specification Most triggers use terms other than "a." Even a simple trigger might use additional terms to set conditions on the actual trigger. To use these terms, you must include them in the trigger sequence specification. 1 In the Trigger menu, select the number beside the specific level you want to modify. A Sequence Level menu pops up. It shows the current specification for that trigger level.
Using the Trigger Menu Specifying a Basic Trigger 4 Select Done until you are back at the Trigger menu.
Using the Trigger Menu Changing the Trigger Sequence Changing the Trigger Sequence Most measurements require more complicated triggers to better filter information. From the basic trigger, you can: • Add sequence levels • Change trigger functions Your logic analyzer provides a trigger function library to make setting up the trigger easier. There are 12 state functions and 13 timing functions.
Using the Trigger Menu Changing the Trigger Sequence To add sequence levels You can add sequence levels anywhere except after the final one. 1 In the Trigger menu, select the number beside the sequence level just after where you want to insert. For example, if you want to insert a sequence level between levels 1 and 2, you would select level 2. To insert levels at the beginning, select level 1. A Sequence Level pop-up appears.
Using the Trigger Menu Changing the Trigger Sequence 5 Fill in the fields and select Done.
Using the Trigger Menu Changing the Trigger Sequence To change trigger functions You do not need to add and delete levels just to change a level's trigger function. This can be done from within the Sequence Level pop-up. 1 From the Trigger menu, select the sequence level number of the sequence level you want to modify. A Sequence Level pop-up appears. Its contents reflect the current trigger function. 2 Select Select New Function. The Trigger Function pop-up replaces the Sequence Level pop-up.
Using the Trigger Menu Setting Up Time Correlation between Analyzers Setting Up Time Correlation between Analyzers There are two possible combinations of analyzers: state and state, and state and timing. Timing and timing is not possible because the Analyzer Configuration menu only permits one analyzer at a time to be configured as a timing analyzer. For either combination, time correlation is necessary for interleaving and mixed display.
Using the Trigger Menu Setting Up Time Correlation between Analyzers To set up time correlation between two state analyzers To correlate the data between two state analyzers, both must have Count Time turned on in their Trigger menus. Although both have Count State available, it is not possible to correlate data based on states even when they are identically defined. 1 In the Analyzer Trigger menu, select Count. Count may be Count Off, Count Time, or Count States.
Using the Trigger Menu Setting Up Time Correlation between Analyzers To set up time correlation between a timing and a state analyzer To set up time correlation between a timing and a state analyzer, only the state analyzer needs to have Count Time turned on. The timing analyzer automatically keeps track of time. 1 In the state Analyzer Trigger menu, select Count. Count may be Count Off, Count Time, or Count States. Selecting the field causes a pop-up to appear.
Using the Trigger Menu Arming and Additional Instruments Arming and Additional Instruments Occasionally you may need to start the analyzer acquiring data when another instrument detects a problem. Or, you may want to have the analyzer itself arm another measuring tool. This is accomplished from the Arming Control field of the Analyzer Trigger menu. To arm another instrument 1 Attach a BNC cable from the External Trigger Output port on the back of the logic analyzer to the instrument you want to trigger.
Using the Trigger Menu Arming and Additional Instruments To arm the oscilloscope with the analyzer (1670G-series logic analyzers with the oscilloscope option) If both analyzer and the oscilloscope are turned on, you can configure one analyzer to arm the other analyzer and the oscilloscope. An example of this is when a state analyzer triggers on a bit pattern, then arms a timing analyzer and the oscilloscope which capture and display the waveform after they trigger.
Using the Trigger Menu Arming and Additional Instruments Example In this example STATE MACH triggers from Group Run, then arms TIME MACH and Scope. To duplicate this, set STATE MACH to run from Group Run, TIME MACH to run from STATE MACH, and Scope Arm In to Analyzer. Arming with two analyzers and an oscilloscope When the run starts, the state analyzer automatically begins evaluating its trigger sequence instruction.
Using the Trigger Menu Arming and Additional Instruments To receive an arm signal from another instrument When you set the analyzer to wait for an arm signal, it does not react to data that would normally trigger it until after it has received the arm signal. The arm signal can be sent to any of the Trigger Sequence levels, but will go to level 1 unless you change it. Setting up the analyzer to receive an arm signal is more efficient when the sequence levels are already in place.
Using the Trigger Menu Arming and Additional Instruments 4 To change the default settings, select the analyzer field. A small pop-up menu appears. To change which device the analyzer is receiving its arm signal from, select the Run from field. To change which sequence level is waiting for the arm signal, select the Arm sequence level field. 5 Select Done until you are back at the Trigger menu.
Using the Trigger Menu Managing Memory Managing Memory Sometimes you will need every last bit of memory you can get on the logic analyzer.
Using the Trigger Menu Managing Memory To selectively store branch conditions (state only) Besides setting up your trigger levels to store anystate, no state, or some subset of states, you can also choose whether or not to store branch conditions. Branch conditions are always stored by default, and can make tracing the analyzer's path through a complicated trigger easier. If you really need the extra memory, however, it is possible to not store the branch conditions.
Using the Trigger Menu Managing Memory To set the memory length The 1670G-series logic analyzer’s memory length can be adjusted. The table on the following page shows the amount of memory available for different modes of operation. Typically you will want to use small amounts of memory at the beginning of troubleshooting, when you are first looking for a problem, and use deep memory when you are searching for the root cause.
Using the Trigger Menu Managing Memory 3 Select Done to exit the Acquisition Control menu. Mode Memory Option 001 Option 002 Full-channel timing >64K (65536) 256K 2M Half-channel timing >128K (131072) 512K 4M State 1 >64K (65536) 256K 2M State 2 >32K (32768) 128K 1M State Compare 1 >32K (32768) 128K 512K State Compare 2 >32K (32768) 128K 256K 1 With tags turned off or non-interleaved tags.
Using the Trigger Menu Managing Memory To place the trigger in memory In Automatic Acquisition Mode, the exact location of the trigger depends on the trigger specification but usually falls around the center. You can manually place it at the beginning, end, or anywhere else. 1 In the Analyzer Trigger menu, select Acquisition Control. The Acquisition Control menu pops up. If the acquisition mode is set to Automatic, the menu contains a single field and an explanation.
Using the Trigger Menu Managing Memory To set the sampling rates (Timing only) A timing analyzer samples the data based on its own internal clock. A short sample period provides more detail about the device under test; a long sample period allows more time before memory is full. However, if the sample period is too large, some information may be missed. 1 In the Analyzer Trigger menu, select Acquisition Control. The Acquisition Control menu pops up.
5 Triggering Examples 95
Triggering Examples Triggering Examples Triggering Examples As you begin to understand a problem in your system, you may realize that certain conditions must occur before the problem occurs. You can use sequential triggering to ensure that those conditions have occurred before the analyzer recognizes its trigger and captures information.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples The following examples require only a single analyzer to make measurements. Sequence specifications are given in the form you see within the sequence levels, but the illustrations show the complete, multi-level sequence specification. Although all the examples are case-specific, terms are named in a way that highlights their role in solving the trigger problem.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To store and time the execution of a subroutine Most system software of any kind is composed of a hierarchy of functions and procedures. During integration, testing, and performance evaluation, you want to look at specific procedures to verify that they are executing correctly and that the implementation is efficient.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples The figure below shows what you would see on your analyzer screen after entering the sequence specification given in step 4. Trigger Setup for Storing and Timing Execution of a Subroutine Suppose you want to trigger on entry to a routine called MY_SUB. You can create a symbol from the address of MY_SUB in the Format menu, allowing you to reference the symbol name when setting up the trace specification. Assume that MY_SUB extends for 0A hex locations.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To trigger on the nth iteration of a loop Traditional debugging requires print statements around the area of interest. This is not possible in most embedded systems designs, but the analyzer lets you view the system's behavior when a particular event occurs. Suppose that your system behaves incorrectly on the last iteration of a loop, which, in this instance, happens to be the 10th iteration.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples The specification has some advantages and a potential problem. • The advantages are that a pipelined processor won't trigger until it has executed the loop 10 times. Requiring LP_END to be seen at least once first ensures that the processor actually entered the loop; then, 9 more iterations of LP_START is really the 10th iteration of the loop.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To trigger on the nth recursive call of a recursive function 1 Go to the state analyzer's Trigger menu. 2 Define the terms CALL_ADD, F_START, and F_END to represent the called address of the recursive function, and the start and end addresses of the function. Define F_EXIT to represent the address of the first program statement executed after the original recursive call has terminated.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples 5 Insert another sequence level before the current one. Select the User Level function and enter the following specification: • While storing "no state" Find "F_END" occurs "1" Else on "no state" go to level 1.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To trigger on entry to a function This sequence triggers on entry to a function only when it is called by one particular function. 1 Go to the state analyzer's Trigger menu. 2 Define the terms F1_START and F1_END to represent the start and end addresses of the calling function. Define F2_START to represent the start address of the called function. 3 Change State Sequence Level 1's function to "Find event2 n times after event1 before event3 occurs.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples The specification also stores all execution inside function F1, whether or not F2 was called. If you are interested only in the execution of F1, without the code that led to its invocation, you can change the storage specification from "anystate" to "nostate" for the second sequence term.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To capture a write of known bad data to a particular variable The trigger specification ANDs the bad data on the data bus, the write transaction on the status bus, and the address of the variable on the address bus. 1 Go to the state analyzer's Trigger menu. 2 Define the terms BAD_DATA, WRITE, and VAR_ADDR to represent the bad data value, write status, and the address of the variable.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To trigger on a loop that occasionally runs too long This example assumes the loop normally executes in 14 ms. 1 Go to the state analyzer's Trigger menu. 2 Define terms LP_START and LP_END to represent the start and end addresses of the loop, and set Timer1 to the normal duration of the loop. 3 Change State Sequence Level 1's function to "Find event2 occurring too late after event1.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To verify correct return from a function call The exit code for a function will often contain instructions for deallocating stack storage for local variables and restoring registers that were saved during the function call. Some language implementations vary on these points, with the calling function doing some of this work, so you may need to adapt the procedure to suit your system. 1 Go to the state analyzer's Trigger menu.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To trigger after all status bus lines finish transitioning In some applications, you will want to trigger a measurement when a particular pattern has become stable. For example, you might want to trigger the analyzer when a microprocessor's status bus has become stable during the bus cycle. 1 Go to the timing analyzer's Trigger menu. 2 Define a term called PATTERN to represent the value to be found on the status bus lines.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To find the nth assertion of a chip select line 1 Go to the timing analyzer's Trigger menu. 2 Define the Edge1 term to represent the asserting transition on the chip select line. You can rename the Edge1 term to make it correspond more closely to the problem domain, for example, to CHIP_SEL.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To verify that the chip select line is strobed after the address is stable 1 Go to the timing analyzer's Trigger menu. 2 Define a term called ADDRESS to represent the address in question and the Edge1 term to represent the asserting transition on the chip select line. You can rename the Edge1 term to suit the problem, for example, to MEM_SEL.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To trigger when expected data does not appear when requested 1 Go to the timing analyzer's Trigger menu. 2 Define a term called DATA to represent the expected data, the Edge1 term to represent the chip select line of the remote device, and the Timer1 term to identify the time limit for receiving expected data. You can rename the Edge1 and Timer1 terms to match the problem domain, for example, to REM_SEL and ACK_TIME.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples This sequence specification causes the analyzer to trigger when the data does not occur in 16 ms or less. If it does occur within 16 ms, the sequence restarts. Specifications of this type are useful in finding intermittent problems. You can set up and run the trace, then cycle the system through temperature and voltage variations, using automatic equipment if necessary. The failure will be captured and saved for later review.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To test minimum and maximum pulse limits 1 Go to the timing analyzer's Trigger menu. 2 Define the Edge1 term to represent the positive-going transition, and define the Edge2 term to represent the negative-going transition on the line with the pulse to be tested. You can rename these terms to POS_EDGE and NEG_EDGE. 3 Define the Timer1 term to represent the minimum pulse width, and the Timer2 term to represent the maximum pulse width.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples Because both timers start when entering sequence level 2, they start as soon as the positive edge of the pulse occurs. Once the negative edge occurs, the sequencer transitions to level 3. If at that point, the MIN_WID timer is less than 496 ns or the MAX_WID timer is greater than 1 ms, the pulse width has been violated and the analyzer triggers. Otherwise, the sequence is restarted.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To detect a handshake violation 1 Go to the timing analyzer's Trigger menu. 2 Define the Edge1 term to represent either transition on the first handshake line, and the Edge2 term to represent either transition on the second handshake line. You can rename these terms to match your problem, for example, to REQ and ACK.
Triggering Examples Single-Machine Trigger Examples To detect bus contention In this setup, the trigger occurs only if both devices assert their bus transfer acknowledge lines at the same time. 1 Go to the timing analyzer's Trigger menu. 2 Define the Edge1 term to represent assertion of the bus transfer acknowledge line of one device, and Edge2 term to represent assertion of the bus transfer acknowledge line of the other device. You can rename these to BTACK1 and BTACK2.
Triggering Examples Cross-Arming Trigger Examples Cross-Arming Trigger Examples The following examples use cross arming to coordinate measurements between two separate analyzers within the logic analyzer or between analyzers and the oscilloscope. The analyzers can be configured as either a state analyzer and timing analyzer, or two state analyzers. It is not possible to set both to timing. You set up cross arming in the Arming Control menu (obtained by selecting Arming Control in the Trigger menu).
Triggering Examples Cross-Arming Trigger Examples To examine software execution when a timing violation occurs The timing analyzer triggers when the timing violation occurs. When it triggers, it also sets its "arm" level to true. When the state analyzer receives the arm signal, it triggers immediately on the present state. 1 Set up one state analyzer and one timing analyzer. 2 Go to the timing analyzer's Trigger menu. 3 Define Edge1 to represent the control line where the timing violation occurs.
Triggering Examples Cross-Arming Trigger Examples 6 Under State Sequence Levels, enter the following sequence specification: • 120 While storing "anystate" TRIGGER on "arm a" Occurs "1" Else on "no state" go to level "1"
Triggering Examples Cross-Arming Trigger Examples To look at control and status signals during execution of a routine The state analyzer will trigger on the start of the routine whose control and status signals are to be examined more frequently than once per bus cycle. When the state analyzer triggers, it sends out an arm signal. The timing analyzer triggers when it receives the true arm level and detects the transition represented by Edge1. 1 Set up one state analyzer and one timing analyzer.
Triggering Examples Cross-Arming Trigger Examples To detect a glitch The following setup uses a state analyzer to capture state flow occurring at the time of the glitch. This can be useful in troubleshooting. For example, you might find that the glitch is ground bounce caused by a number of simultaneous signal transitions. 1 Set up a timing analyzer and a state analyzer. 2 Go to the timing analyzer's Format menu and set the Timing Acquisition Mode to Half Channel 500 MHz.
Triggering Examples Cross-Arming Trigger Examples To capture the waveform of a glitch using the oscilloscope (oscilloscope option only) The following setup uses the triggering capability of the timing analyzer and the acquisition capability of the oscilloscope. 1 Set up a timing analyzer. Go to the timing analyzer’s Format menu and set the Timing Acquisition Mode to Half Channel 500 MHz. 2 Go to the timing analyzer’s Trigger menu. 3 Select an Edge term.
Triggering Examples Cross-Arming Trigger Examples To view your target system processing an interrupt (oscilloscope option only) Use the oscilloscope to trigger on the asynchronous interrupt request. 1 Go to the state analyzer’s Trigger menu, and set the analyzer to trigger on any state and store any state. 2 Select Arming Control. Set the analyzer to respond to the arm signal from the oscilloscope, and set the oscilloscope to Group Run. 3 Go to the Scope Trigger menu, and set the mode to Edge trigger.
Triggering Examples Cross-Arming Trigger Examples To trigger timing analysis of a count-down on a set of data lines Your target system may include various state machines that are started by system events such as interrupt processing or I/O activity. The state analyzer is ideal for recognizing the system events; the timing analyzer is ideal for examining the step-by-step operation of the state machines. 1 Set up a timing analyzer and a state analyzer. 2 Go to the state analyzer's Trigger menu.
Triggering Examples Cross-Arming Trigger Examples To monitor two coprocessors in a target system Debugging coprocessor systems can be a complex task. Replicated systems and contention for shared resources increase the potential problems. Using two state analyzers with analysis probes can make it much easier to discover the source of such problems.
Triggering Examples Cross-Arming Trigger Examples 7 Check that the second analyzer is triggering on arm and that Count Time is set. After the measurement is complete, you can interleave the trace lists of both state analyzers to see the activity executed by both coprocessors during related clock cycles. You can use a similar procedure if you have only one processor, but want to monitor its activity with that of other system nodes, such as chip-select lines, I/O activity, or behavior of a watchdog timer.
Triggering Examples Special Displays Special Displays Interleaved trace lists Interleaved trace lists allow you to view data captured by two analyzers in a single display. When you interleave the traces, you see each state that was captured by each analyzer. These states are shown on consecutive lines. You can interleave state listings from state analyzers when two are used together in a run.
Triggering Examples Special Displays To interleave trace lists 1 Set up both analyzers as state analyzers. 2 Go to the Trigger menu of the first analyzer. 3 Set Count to Time, and set up the trigger. The logic analyzer uses the time tags stored with each state to determine the ordering of states shown in an interleaved trace list. 4 Set Count to Time, and set up the trigger on the second analyzer.
Triggering Examples Special Displays 8 Select the name of the other analyzer and the label to interleave. Interleaved data is displayed in a light shade. Trace list line numbers of interleaved data are indented. The labels identifying the interleaved data are shown above the labels for the current analyzer, and are displayed in a light shade. If you have problems with the procedure, check that each analyzer has an independent clock from the target system.
Triggering Examples Special Displays To view trace lists and waveforms on the same display 1 Set up a timing and a state analyzer. 2 Go to the state analyzer's Trigger menu. 3 Set Count to Time, and set up the trigger as appropriate. You do not need to have one instrument arming the other to display the information jointly, but you do need to turn on Count Time so that the information may be correlated. 4 Set up the timing analyzer trigger.
Triggering Examples Special Displays You cannot view state analyzer data in the waveform display. However, you can view timing analyzer data and oscilloscope data simultaneously. You can also position X and O Time markers on the waveform display. Once set, the time markers will be displayed in both the listing and the waveform display areas. Note that even if you set X and O Time markers in another display, you must also set the Time markers in the Mixed Display if Time markers are desired.
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File Management File Management File Management Being able to transfer data to a host computer, such as a PC or UNIX workstation, can enhance the logic analyzer in many ways. You can use the host to store configuration files or measurement results for later review. You can save screen images from the logic analyzer in bitmap files to include in reports developed using word processors or desktop publishing tools.
File Management Transferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive Transferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive Because the flexible disk drive on the 1670G-series logic analyzers will read and write double-sided, double-density, or high-density disks in MS-DOS format, it is a useful tool for transferring data to and from IBM PC-compatible computers as well as transferring data to and from other systems that can read and write MS-DOS format.
File Management Transferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive To save a configuration You can save configurations on a 3.5-inch disk or on the internal hard disk for later use. This is especially useful for automating repetitive measurements for production testing. 1 Go to the System Hard Disk or System Flexible Disk menu. 2 Set the field under System to Store. 3 Select the type of configuration you want to save in the field to the right of Store.
File Management Transferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive To load a configuration You can quickly load a previously saved configuration, so that you will not have to manually set up the measurement parameters. 1 Go to the System Hard Disk or System Flexible Disk menu. Your choice here depends on where you saved the configuration. 2 Select the field below System and select Load from the pop-up menu. 3 Select the destination from the module list.
File Management Transferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive 5 Select Execute.
File Management Transferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive To save a trace list in ASCII format Some screens, such as file lists and trace lists, contain columns of ASCII data that you may want to move to a computer for further manipulation or analysis. You can save these displays as ASCII files. While a screen capture saves only the data shown onscreen, saving the display as an ASCII file captures all data in the list, even if it is offscreen. 1 Insert a DOS-formatted 3.
File Management Transferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive To save a screen's image You can save menus and measurements to disk in one of four different graphical formats. 1 Insert a formatted flexible disk in the flexible disk drive. 2 Set up the menu whose image you want to capture, or run a measurement from which you want to save data. 3 Select Print and choose Print Disk from the pop-up menu. If the screen contains a pop-up menu, the Print field is not available.
File Management Transferring Files Using the Flexible Disk Drive 6 Select Flexible Disk from the Output Disk menu, then select Execute. Print Disk Menu To load additional software You can enhance the power of your 1670G-series logic analyzer by installing software such as symbol utilities. The software comes with installation instructions. In general, however, you can install logic analyzer software by following these instructions. 1 Turn off the logic analyzer.
File Management Transferring Files Using the LAN Transferring Files Using the LAN The 1670G-series logic analyzers come equipped with a LAN interface. You can transfer information from the logic analyzer to a computer for processing or storage over the LAN without ever copying a file to disk. Because there are so many different network software packages, this section does not attempt to explain how to put your logic analyzer on the local network or how to establish a network connection.
File Management Transferring Files Using the LAN To transfer files using ftp 1 Check that your network package include ftp, and connect your logic analyzer to the LAN. See the LAN section of this User’s Guide on page 476 for instructions. 2 From the computer you want to transfer the files to or from, establish an ftp connection. 3 At the login prompt, log in as data or control. If you want to load files into the logic analyzer, log in as control. Otherwise, log in as data.
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7 Using the Oscilloscope 145
Using the Oscilloscope Using the Oscilloscope Using the Oscilloscope This chapter covers the oscilloscope common menus and calibration. This chapter covers: • calibrating the oscilloscope • oscilloscope common menus.
Using the Oscilloscope Calibrating the oscilloscope Calibrating the oscilloscope Equipment Required Equipment Critical Specification Recommended Agilent Model/Part Qty Cable (2) BNC, 9-inch (equal length) 10502A 1 Cable 50 W BNC (m-to-m) 48-inch 10503A 1 Adapter BNC tee (m)(f)(f) 1250-0781 1 Adapter BNC (f)(f) (ug-914/u) 1250-0080 1 Calibration PROTECT/UNPROTECT switch The 1670G-series logic analyzers have a calibration PROTECT/UNPROTECT switch on the back panel.
Using the Oscilloscope Calibrating the oscilloscope Load the default calibration factors Note that once the default calibration factors are loaded, all calibrations must be done. This includes all of the calibrations in the Self Cal menu. The calibration must be performed in the exact sequence listed below. NOTE: The calibration PROTECT/UNPROTECT switch on the back of logic analyzer must be set to UNPROTECT. 1 Go to the Scope Calibration menu.
Using the Oscilloscope Calibrating the oscilloscope Self Cal menu calibrations Messages will be displayed as each calibration routine is completed to indicate calibration has passed or failed. The resulting calibration factors are automatically stored to nonvolatile RAM at the conclusion of each calibration routine. The Self Cal menu lets you optimize vertical sensitivity (Vert Cal) for channels 1 and 2 individually or both channels on a board simultaneously.
Using the Oscilloscope Calibrating the oscilloscope 2 Optimize Delay of the Self Cal. a Obtain a BNC 50-W, 48-inch cable. Once you select Start, the instrument will prompt you to connect the cable to the appropriate location on the rear panel of the instrument. b Select the Procedure field, then select Delay from the pop-up menu. c Select the Channel field, then select C1. d Select the Start field and follow the instructions on the display. e Repeat steps c and d for channel 2.
Using the Oscilloscope Calibrating the oscilloscope 4 Calibrate the Logic Trigger of the Self Cal. a Obtain a BNC 50-W, 48-inch cable. b Select Start. The instrument will prompt you to connect the cable to the appropriate location on the rear panel of the instrument. c Select the Procedure field, then select Logic Trigger from the pop-up menu. d Select the Start field and follow the instructions on the display. e After completion of the Logic Trigger calibration, remove the cable from the instrument.
Using the Oscilloscope Oscilloscope Common Menus Oscilloscope Common Menus The following options apply to all of the oscilloscope menus. Run/Stop options There are three ways you can manually run and stop the oscilloscope: the Autoscale menu, the Run and Stop keys, and the Run/Stop field. Single and Repetitive modes Single mode acquisition fills acquisition memory once with 8000 samples of the input waveform, automatically stops running, then displays the contents of acquisition memory.
Using the Oscilloscope Oscilloscope Common Menus If you have been using the Run field to initiate your runs, the oscilloscope will run in the mode (single or repetitive) that was last chosen using the Run options. If no run mode has been chosen prior to choosing autoscale, the run mode defaults to single mode. If you have been using the Run key to initiate your runs, the oscilloscope will run in single mode. See Also "Autoscale" on page 154 for information on how the autoscale algorithm works.
Using the Oscilloscope Oscilloscope Common Menus Autoscale Autoscale is an algorithm that automatically optimizes the display of one or more waveforms. When you select the Autoscale field and choose Continue, the autoscale algorithm starts. What the Autoscale algorithm does when a signal is found The autoscale algorithm first checks all input channels to determine whether or not there are any signals present. The vertical scaling is then set as required for each channel.
Using the Oscilloscope Oscilloscope Common Menus Displaying the waveform. When the autoscale algorithm is complete, the oscilloscope automatically starts running, acquires the data, and displays waveforms for the inputs that have been selected. The trigger point on the waveform is determined by the trigger level set by the autoscale algorithm. The trigger point is displayed as a dotted vertical line at the center of the screen (Delay = 0 s). What the Autoscale algorithm does when a signal is not found .
Using the Oscilloscope Oscilloscope Common Menus Time base The s/Div and Delay fields are displayed on all of the oscilloscope menus, except for the Calibration menu. s/Div field The s/Div field allows you to set the sweep speed (time scale) on the horizontal axis of the display from 500 ps/div to 5 sec/div. Sweep speed is measured in seconds per division. Delay field The Delay field allows you to set the horizontal position of the displayed waveform in relation to the trigger.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Channel Menu The Scope Channel Menu The Channel menu selects the channel input and the values that control the vertical sensitivity, offset, probe attenuation factor, input impedance, and coupling. The Channel menu also gives you preset vertical sensitivity, offset, and trigger level values for ECL and TTL logic levels. Each channel may be set independently of the other channel.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Channel Menu Probe field You use the Probe field to set the probe attenuation factor for the input channel currently displayed in the Input field. Probe attenuation factor The probe attenuation factor can be set from 1:1 to 1000:1 in increments of one. When you select a probe attenuation factor, the actual sensitivity at the input does not change.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Channel Menu Preset field When you select the Preset field, a pop-up appears, offering choices of TTL, ECL, and User. The Preset field automatically sets offset, V/div, and trigger level values to properly display TTL and ECL logic levels. Trigger level is in the Trigger menu and can be changed only when edge trigger is the selected trigger mode.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Display Menu The Scope Display Menu The Display options control how the oscilloscope acquires and displays waveforms. Mode field The Mode field provides three selections: Normal, Average, or Accumulate. Normal mode In Normal mode, the oscilloscope acquires waveform data and displays the waveform acquired from that data. New acquisitions overwrite old data. Average mode In Average mode, the oscilloscope averages new data with previously acquired data.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Display Menu If you start repetitive run, the oscilloscope acquires and displays data, averaging each run with the preceding set accumulated since you selected repetitive run. When the oscilloscope has acquired the number of waveforms you selected, it displays the advisory message "Number of averages has been met." All new data is weighed at 1/N and is averaged with the previous data. All data is retained.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Display Menu Connect Dots field The oscilloscope display can be enhanced to show a better picture of a waveform by using the Connect Dots On / Off. The default setting for the Connect Dots field is Off. If an edge is fast enough (relative to the sample rate), the signal may begin to look like dots scattered around the display, because each sample is displayed as a single dot.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Display Menu Display Options field The Display Options field allows you to display either sample period information or marker value information on the oscilloscope menus, and also provides access to the scope channel labeling menu. The Display Options field appears on the Channel, Trigger, Display and Auto-Measure menus. Selecting the Display Options field provides a pop-up menu, which provides the Set Channel Labels menu.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Trigger Menu The Scope Trigger Menu The Scope Trigger menu allows you to choose the method you want to use to trigger the oscilloscope for a particular application. Trigger marker The trigger marker is the dotted vertical line at the center of the waveform display. The point where the waveform from the trigger source crosses the trigger marker is called the trigger point. The trigger point always represents a delay time of zero seconds.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Trigger Menu Edge trigger mode In the edge trigger mode, the oscilloscope triggers at a specified voltage level on a rising or falling edge of one of the input channels. In this mode you can specify which input is the trigger source, set a trigger level voltage, and specify which edge to trigger on. When you select edge trigger mode, additional fields appear for Source, Level, Slope, Count, and Auto-Trig. These fields are discussed in the following sections.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Trigger Menu The default condition for all patterns is X, "don't care." To change the pattern, select the Channel/Pattern field and use the pop-up menu. A pattern of XX says to use NO channels to find the trigger. NOTE: Using NO channels to find the trigger does not equate to Immediate Mode when Auto-Trig is set to Off. This event will never occur in the hardware. Do not confuse XX with "don't care, trigger on anything.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Trigger Menu Level field The Level field shows the voltage value of the trigger level. When the voltage value on the trigger source input waveform equals the trigger level voltage value, the oscilloscope triggers. When you change the trigger level voltage value, the waveform moves horizontally on the display to maintain the trigger point. (That is, the point where the waveform voltage value crosses the trigger point voltage value.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Trigger Menu Since the trigger level range is limited by the voltage values displayed in the waveform window, the voltage window limits can be easily determined. Turn the knob in both directions until the Level field reads minimum and maximum voltage. These voltage values are the limits of the waveform window.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Trigger Menu Source field When you select the Source field, a pop-up menu appears showing the inputs available as the trigger source. The source can be channel 1 or channel 2. At power-up, the default channel input selection for the Source field is the lowest numbered input channel. For example, if inputs are connected to both channels 1 and 2, the Source field defaults to 1.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Trigger Menu Count field The Count field defines the number of trigger events that must occur after the first trigger qualifier before the oscilloscope will trigger and acquire a waveform. In edge trigger mode, you can define a positive or negative edge and the trigger level as a trigger qualifier. When the oscilloscope detects the trigger qualifier, it will trigger at a userspecified number of edges (Count field) on the waveform.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Trigger Menu Auto-Trig field The Auto-Trig field allows you to specify whether or not the acquisitions should wait for the specified trigger condition to occur. When you select the Auto-Trig field, the field toggles between On and Off. The On and Off fields are discussed below. The default selection for the Auto-Trig field is On. On When you set auto-trigger to On, the oscilloscope waits 50 ms (20-Hz rate) for a trigger to occur.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Trigger Menu When field The When field appears only when Pattern mode is selected. When you select this field, a pop-up menu appears that lets you specify the trigger When condition. Pattern When condition pop-up menu The Pattern When pop-up menu is used to specify the trigger-when condition for pattern triggering. The default selection for the When field is When Entered. When Entered.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Trigger Menu The pattern duration time can be any value between 20 ns and 160 ms in 10 ns steps. If the count set in the Count field is one, the trigger event will be the first pattern event that meets both the pattern specification and the duration specification. If the count is greater than one, only the first pattern event must meet the duration specification.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Trigger Menu If the count set in the Count field is one, the trigger event will be the first pattern event that meets both the pattern specification and the duration specification. If the count is greater than one, only the first pattern event must meet the duration specification.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Trigger Menu If the count set in the Count field is one, the trigger event will be the first pattern event that meets both the pattern specification and the duration specification. If the count is greater than one, only the first pattern event must meet the duration specification.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Marker Menu The Scope Marker Menu The oscilloscope has two sets of markers that allow you to make time and voltage measurements. These measurements can be made either manually (voltage and time markers) or automatically (time markers only). The markers are accessed when you select the Markers choice on the oscilloscope menu pop-up. The default selection for both the time and voltage Markers fields is Off.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Marker Menu Trig to X and Trig to O fields The trigger point is always Time 0. Resolution for Trig to X and Trig to O time values is 2% of the sweep speed(s/Div) setting. The default value for these fields is 0 s, the trigger point. When you select the Trig to X field and turn the knob, the Tx marker will move across the display. As you move the marker, the time value in the Trig to X field changes.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Marker Menu The Marker Value display consists of two blocks. One contains settings for the voltage markers, the second contains settings for the time markers. If only one set of markers is turned on, only one of the two blocks will appear on the screen. On the marker menu, if time markers are turned off, the Sample Period display will appear on the marker menu. If time markers are selected as either On or Auto, the Sample Period display is not visible on the Marker menu.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Marker Menu Automatic time markers options When you select the T Markers field, a pop-up menu appears. When you choose the Auto field in the pop-up a pop-up menu for automatic time marker measurements is displayed. The automatic time marker measurements are made by setting the time markers to levels that are a percentage of the top-to-base voltage value of a waveform or to specific voltage levels.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Marker Menu Set on field The Set on field assigns an input waveform to the Tx or To marker, or allows the marker to be set manually (with the MANUAL selection in the pop-up). When you select the Set on field, a pop-up appears showing the waveform sources available. The default selection for the Set on field is the lowest letter and number combination. Type field The Type field selects the units in which an automatic time marker level will be specified.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Marker Menu Slope field The Slope field sets the Tx or To marker on either the positive or negative edge of the selected occurrence of a waveform. When you select the Slope field, the slope toggles between Positive and Negative. The default selection for the Slope field is Positive. Occur field The Occur field sets the Tx or To marker on a specific occurrence of a displayed edge on the waveform.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Marker Menu Off When Statistics is set to Off, the Tx to To, Trig to X, and Trig to O fields appear next to the T Markers field on the Marker menu. The marker statistics (minimum, maximum, and mean) are reset to zero only when you select the Done field on the auto-markers pop-up after making a change to one of the auto-marker placement specification fields (Set On, Type, Level, Slope, or Occur).
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Marker Menu When you select Less Than, the oscilloscope runs until the Tx-To time interval is less than the value entered for the Less Than time field. When the condition is met, the oscilloscope stops making acquisitions and displays the message "Stop condition satisfied." Greater Than field. When you select this field from the pop-up, a time value field appears next to the Run Until Time X-O Greater Than field. The time value field default value is 0 s.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Marker Menu Manual/Automatic Time Markers option The manual/automatic combination allows you to have one time marker set to automatic mode and one time marker set to be controlled manually with the knob. Setting the Manual/Automatic Time Markers Option To set the manual/automatic option, you select the T Markers field and choose the Auto field from the pop-up. You then select the Set on field for either the Tx or To marker, and then choose MANUAL from the pop-up menu.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Marker Menu Voltage Markers options When you select the V Markers field on the display, a pop-up menu appears. When you select the On field in the pop-up to turn Voltage Markers On, you can manually move the Va and Vb markers to make voltage measurements. When you select the On field in the V Markers menu, five new fields appear to the right of the V Markers field: Va On, Va Volts, Vb On, Vb Volts, and Va to Vb fields.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Marker Menu Overlay and waveform math traces cannot be selected for voltage marker placement. The Vb On field works similarly. Va Volts field The Va marker is shown on the waveform display as a horizontal dashed line. The voltage displayed in the Va Volts field is measured relative to the zero-volt reference for this channel. When you select the Va Volts field, you can change the voltage value by turning the knob or by entering a voltage value from the pop-up keypad.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Marker Menu Selecting one of the possible time markers for centering the waveform data will cause the timebase delay value to be changed such that the selected marker is positioned at the center of the screen. All acquisition channels are shifted when the trace data is centered. The timebase delay field value will be updated when the centering operation is performed.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Auto Measure Menu The Scope Auto Measure Menu One of the primary features of the oscilloscope is its ability to make parametric measurements on displayed waveforms. This section provides details on how automatic measurements are performed and gives some tips on how to improve automatic measurement results.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Auto Measure Menu Automatic measurements display The large field in the middle row of the menu is called the automatic measurements display. This display shows the nine automatic measurements and their values. See Also "Automatic Measurement Algorithms" on page 191 for an explanation of each of these fields. Measurement setup requirements Measurements typically should be made at the fastest possible sweep speed in order to obtain the most accurate measurement possible.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Auto Measure Menu Criteria used for making automatic measurements If more than one waveform, edge, or pulse is displayed, the measurements are made on the first (leftmost) portion of the displayed waveform that can be used. When any of the defined measurements are requested, the oscilloscope first determines the top (100%) and base (0%) voltages of the waveform.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Auto Measure Menu Automatic measurement algorithms The following explains top and base voltages, then defines the measurement algorithms. Top and base voltages All measurements except Vp_p are calculated using the Vtop (100% voltage) and Vbase (0% voltage) levels of the displayed waveform. The Vtop and Vbase levels are determined from an occurrence density histogram of the data points displayed on the screen.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Auto Measure Menu Measurement algorithms Frequency (Freq). The frequency of the first complete cycle displayed is measured using the 50% levels. If the first edge on the display is rising, then 1 Freq = t rising edge 2 - t rising edge 1 If the first edge on the display is falling, then 1 Freq = t falling edge 2 - t falling edge 1 Period. The period is measured at the 50% voltage level of the waveform.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Auto Measure Menu Positive Pulse Width (+Width). Pulse width is measured at the 50% voltage level. If the first edge on the display is rising, then +Width = t falling edge 1 - t rising edge 1 If the first edge on the display is falling, then +Width = t falling edge 2 - t rising edge 1 Negative Pulse Width (-Width). Negative pulse width is the width of the first negative pulse on screen using the 50% levels.
Using the Oscilloscope The Scope Auto Measure Menu Preshoot and Overshoot . Preshoot and Overshoot measure the perturbation on a waveform above or below the top and base voltages (see the "Top and Base Voltages" section earlier in this chapter). These measurements use all data displayed on the screen; therefore, it is very important that only the data of interest be displayed. If you want to measure preshoot and overshoot on one edge of a waveform, then only display that edge.
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Using the Pattern Generator Using the Pattern Generator Using the Pattern Generator This chapter provides instructions for using the pattern generator to generate vectors and patterns for design and test environments. It also covers the pattern generator common menus, loading ASCII files, and the pattern generator probing system.
Using the Pattern Generator Setting Up the Proper Configurations Setting Up the Proper Configurations This section discusses setting up the configuration attributes and parameters of the pattern generator. If you are reloading existing configurations or downloading ASCII vector files, refer to the Load operation in the disk drive menus of the System. To set up the configuration 1 From the Format menu, set the Vector Output Mode to either full- or half-channel.
Using the Pattern Generator Setting Up the Proper Configurations 4 Set the Clock Out Delay if a delay is needed. Setting a delay is useful when using the clock out edge as a read strobe. If you do not set the Clock Out Delay, the value is uncalibrated.
Using the Pattern Generator Setting Up the Proper Configurations To build a label When you build a label, you are grouping channels under a label name and mapping the selected channels to the probes on the associated pods. A label may contain a maximum of 32 channels, however, a single channel cannot be used under more than one label. 1 Select the label's channel assignment field. 2 Select the desired channels. * (asterisk) = on .
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions Building Test Vectors and Functions Once the pattern generator is configured, you will want to build programs to use in your test system. You build programs in the Sequence menu. If you have small program segments that are built from frequently used vectors, they can be built in the User Macros Sequence menu.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To build a main vector sequence During a single run, the program vectors in the MAIN SEQUENCE are output to the system under test in an order of first vector to last vector. The data of the last vector is then held until run is selected again. During a repetitive run, the MAIN SEQUENCE loops until stop is selected. 1 From the Sequence menu, use the knob to highlight the first data row.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To build an initialization sequence Use the INIT SEQUENCE to place the system under test into a known initialization state. Default start and end program vectors are marked INIT SEQUENCE START and INIT SEQUENCE END. During a repetitive run, the initialization sequence is only executed the first time the program is run. The main sequence then loops repetitively. 1 From the Sequence menu, use the knob to highlight INIT SEQUENCE START.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To edit a main or initialization sequence 1 Using the knob, highlight the vector you want to edit. 2 Select the data field you want to edit. 3 Select the new instruction or change the data value.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To include hardware instructions in a sequence The following hardware instruction types are available: • Break • Signal IMB • Wait Event • If Event 1 Highlight the vector that you want to output as a hardware instruction. 2 Select the INST field of the highlighted vector. 3 Select the desired hardware instruction type. 4 If required, select any qualifying actions for the hardware instruction.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To include software instructions in a sequence The following software instructions are available: • User Macro • Repeat Loop If you are inserting a User Macro and have not yet built the function, go to "To build a user macro" later in this chapter. Functions must be built before they can be inserted. To include these instructions in a sequence, use the following procedure.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To include a user macro in a sequence If you have user macros, you can include them in the vector sequence using the following procedure. (If you have not yet built user macros, turn to "To build a user macro" to build needed functions.) 1 Insert a new vector where you want to place the user macro. 2 Highlight this new vector using the knob, then select the INST field. 3 Select the User Macro field.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To build a user macro Build functions for sequences of vectors you will want to use in multiple places. You can then insert these functions in INIT or MAIN sequences. Give each function a name that will help you identify its function and make it easier to select from the list of functions you've built. 1 From the User Macros menu, select the Add/Del Function field, then select ADD FUNCTION.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To modify a function name If you rename a function, the new function name will be displayed in INIT and MAIN sequences where the function has been used. 1 Select the function to be renamed from the list of functions. 2 Highlight the first line of the function, then select the field. 3 Modify the function name, then select Done. To edit a function 1 Highlight the vector you want to edit using the knob. 2 Select the field you want to edit.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To add, delete, or rename parameters Parameters are set when they are inserted into MAIN or INIT sequences. The changes you make in the parameter list will appear every place in the INIT or MAIN sequences in which you have used that function. 1 From the User Macros menu, select a function from the list of functions. 2 Highlight the first line of the function, then select the field.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To place parameters in a vector Once parameters are added to the parameter list, you insert them into data fields in function vectors. 1 From the User Macro menu, select the desired data field in a vector. 2 Select the Set Param field. From the parameter list that appears, select the desired parameter to insert.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To enter or modify parameters Each time you include a function in an initialization or main sequence, you should enter the parameters for that particular instance. To enter or modify function parameters, use the following procedure. 1 From the Sequence menu, highlight the line which contains the function name, then select the field. 2 Enter or modify the parameter in the pop-up menu. 3 Select Done.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To build a User Symbol Table You may want to build a symbol table to make inserting values into your program easier. You can name a symbol for one value in a label and insert that symbol into your vector sequence where you need it. 1 From the Format menu, select the Symbols field at the right of the menu. 2 Set the desired Label, Base, and Symbol Width. Symbols are specific for a given label.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To include symbols in a sequence Symbols must be created before they become available for insertion. See the task on the preceding page for more information. 1 From the Sequence menu, select the Base field under the desired label where you want a symbol used. 2 From the Base selection list, select Symbol. 3 Highlight the desired vector, then select the data field. 4 Select the desired predefined symbol name.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To include symbols in a function In the Format menu, you assign symbols to data under a given label. Once assigned, these symbols can be included under the same label in a function. 1 From the User Macros menu, select the label Base field for any label that has pre-assigned symbols. Then, select Symbol from the Base selection list. 2 Highlight any vector in the function.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To store a configuration Once you have completed configuring the pattern generator, you can save that configuration to hard disk for future uses. 1 From the System menu, select Configuration. 2 Select Hard Disk. 3 Select the Store operation, then Patt Gen. 4 Select the to file field and type a name for the file. 5 Select the file description field and type in a description if desired. 6 Select Execute.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To load a configuration 1 From the System menu, select Configuration. 2 Select Hard Disk. 3 Select the Load operation, then Patt Gen. 4 Highlight the file to be loaded by rotating the knob. 5 Select Execute.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions To use Autoroll When Autoroll is used, each time you complete the process of adding data to a data field, the data entry focus changes to the next specified data field. The data entry keypad remains active, ready to define the next data field. The following procedure shows you how to use Autoroll: 1 Select the first data field to define. 2 Enter the desired data using the pop-up keypad.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions The Format Menu The Format menu lets you configure the pattern generator with a clock source and parameters, generate a symbol table, select its output mode, assign which vector output channels are used, and then group and label the vector output channels. Format Menu Clock Source The Clock Source field toggles between internal and external.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions Clock Period (internal clock source) This field toggles from Clock Period, when an internal clock source is selected, to Clock Frequency, when an external clock source is selected. You select clock periods in steps of 1, 2, 2.5, 4, 5, 8, and 10. If the keypad is used to select a value between the step intervals, the value is rounded to the nearest interval.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions Clock Out Delay The Clock Out Delay setting allows you to position the output clock with respect to data. The zero setting is uncalibrated and should be measured to determine the initial position with respect to the data. Each numerical change of one on the counter results in an approximate change of 1.3 ns.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions Labels Labels let the user group output channels from the data pods into a more logical configuration for creating vector data. The pattern generator labels work in the same fashion as the labels for the logic analyzer products, with the exception that an output channel cannot be assigned to more than one label.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions The Sequence Menu Use the Sequence menu to build your test vector files. There are two sequences, an initialization sequence and a main sequence. In single run mode, the vectors are output from the first vector in the initialization sequence to the last vector of the main sequence. The last vector of the main sequence will be held at the outputs until run is executed again.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions INIT and MAIN Sequences Use the knob to highlight individual lines in either vector sequences. When a line is highlighted, you can add data lines below it by selecting the Insert field. Selecting the INST field brings up a dialog box that lets you insert one of the instructions or user macros into the vector sequence. An instruction is not allowed on the following vector lines of the sequence: • The first vector of the INIT sequence.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions Step Use the Step field to step through your vector sequence to debug a critical set of vectors following a break instruction in the program sequence. Stepping will begin at the vector following the break instruction, or the Output First State item can be pressed which will place the first vector of the sequence on the outputs. Stepping will then begin on the second vector of the sequence.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions When deleting vector rows, the INIT START, INIT END, MAIN START, and MAIN END cannot be deleted. Deleting all the vector rows from INIT START to MAIN END will reset the sequence to the powerup state.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions Merge is not allowed in the following cases: • Within a repeat loop. • Within an IF block (starting with the vector prior to the if, and ending with the vector following the IF). • Between the start and first vector of the main sequence. • After the last vector of the main sequence. • Between the init and main sequence. • Between the start and first vector of the init sequence.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions Insert Selecting the Insert field adds another instruction line immediately below the line that is currently highlighted. Instructions User Macro. The User Macro instruction brings up a list of current user macros you can insert. Functions are inserted at the current line and expanded at run time. If the function selected has parameters, a second pop-up menu will be displayed to allow setting of the passed parameter values.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions Break. The Break instruction causes a break at the current vector. In single run mode, this instruction halts the sequence and holds the outputs at the break vector's value. In repetitive run mode, this instruction pauses the sequence at the current vector momentarily, then continues. NOTE: When operating at 200 MHz you can not have 2 Break events in succession. This also includes the Wait event. Signal IMB.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions The If event uses either the IMB or the same external clock pod input lines as the Wait event. If the condition is true at the If event, then the data in the If block is output, otherwise it is skipped. The If event takes the current data line and duplicates as in the following example: These vectors are now restricted. They cannot have instructions.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions Data Field Selecting the data field to the right of the instruction field lets you insert vector data. ASCII-based data cannot be edited, and ASCII- and Symbols-based data cannot be autorolled. Autoroll The Autoroll field is provided to reduce the number of keystrokes required to enter data into the sequence or a function.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions The User Macros Menu The User Macros menu is used to create new functions and edit existing functions. Function 0 is the default function and always exists. Functions let you define a pattern sequence once, then insert the function by name wherever it is needed. Functions can also have parameters passed to them. Parameters let you create a generic function.
Using the Pattern Generator Building Test Vectors and Functions Function 0 (current function field) Touching this field brings up a list of functions that have been created and are available to insert into the Sequence menu. If you want to edit or view a previously built function, select that function from the list and it will appear in the main part of the display. Add/Delete Function Selecting this field brings up a pop-up menu that lets you choose between adding a new function or deleting one.
Using the Pattern Generator Loading ASCII Files Loading ASCII Files You can create pattern generator files and load them as ASCII files using one of the remote communication interfaces or by loading an ASCII disk file. Regardless of the load method selected, the general format of the file must conform to certain guidelines. In general, an ASCII file consists of a block of setup information (clock specs, labels, etc.) followed by a block of pattern generator data.
Using the Pattern Generator ASCII File Commands ASCII File Commands In addition to the unique ASCII file commands described here, you may want to include some standard FORMat commands in the ASCII file, such as those that are used to specify the clock or output mode. The only FORMat commands that are permitted are FORMat: MODe, CLOCk, and DELay. Refer to the command descriptions in this chapter for the syntax of these commands.
Using the Pattern Generator ASCII File Commands LABel Command LABel , label string, six characters maximum in length. integer number of bits in the label (1 through 32). The LABel command is a special means of specifying labels for use by an ASCII file. The label bits are assigned from most to least significant bits across the output pods. Labels may only contain adjacent bits. The user must specify the label string and the width of the field.
Using the Pattern Generator ASCII File Commands VECTor Command VECTor a ten character string starting with a '#8' and including the total file size count. The VECTor command is used after the end of the header/setup commands to signal the start of the actual pattern generator data in an ASCII file. The VECTor command is used with a parameter that specifies the exact byte count of the data block.
Using the Pattern Generator ASCII File Commands No data is allowed in the same line as the VECTor command. The line termination in the VECTor command line is included in the character count for the file. The field is not required as part of the VECTor command when creating a disk file, and will be ignored if included. Example VECTor #800010457 Vector Data The data portion of the ASCII file is basically an array of hexadecimal data fields.
Using the Pattern Generator ASCII File Commands Any characters that are not valid hexadecimal digits (0 through 9, or upper/lower case a through f) are ignored and treated as field separators. This could cause problems if a typo appears in the middle of a data value (for example, '12R4' will be assigned to two labels as '12' and '4'). The last data row of the file must end with a line termination as this is the flag to load the data row into the data structure.
Using the Pattern Generator ASCII File Commands FORMat:xxx Command FORMat:MODE FORMat:CLOCk FORMat:DELay These commands transfer set fields from the Format menu. The existing clock scheme is used if nothing is specified here. Command syntax is same as normal bus commands.
Using the Pattern Generator ASCII File Commands Loading an ASCII file over a bus (example) To load an ASCII file over the bus use the following example. A few items to be noted: • Line numbers are added for documentation only and are NOT part of the actual remote bus commands. • In this example, the string '' is a generic line feed sequence and counts as a single character.
Using the Pattern Generator ASCII File Commands Notes • Lines 010 through 044 can be sent as discrete remote control commands or included in a single file (with the data) and loaded using the bus. • Other format commands could be used in place of or in addition to line 030. • The label sequence seen in lines 040 through 044 will result in a specific bit assignment. A different ordering of the LABel commands would give a different ordering to the bits. • There is a space before the '#8' in line 050.
Using the Pattern Generator ASCII File Commands Pattern Generator Probing System Pod Numbering The 1670G-series pods are numbered as shown in the figure below. 1670G Pattern Generator Pods See Also “Probing” on page 248 for more information on the pattern generator probing system.
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Logic Analyzer Reference 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Description 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Description The 1670G-series logic analyzers are part of a family of generalpurpose logic analyzers. The 1670G-series consists of four models ranging in channel width from 34 channels to 136 channels, with 150MHz state and 500-MHz timing speeds. There are two options that expand the use of the 1670G-series.
Logic Analyzer Reference 1670G-Series Logic Analyzer Description Oscilloscope option The 2 GSa/s oscilloscope has immediate, edge, and pattern trigger modes. The pattern trigger mode uses both channels, an occurrence counter, and a timer for specifying complex patterns. The oscilloscope also provides statistics and nine automatic measurements. Oscilloscope memory is 32K samples.
Logic Analyzer Reference 1670G-Series Configuration Capabilities 1670G-Series Configuration Capabilities The four analyzer models in each of the 1670GP-series offer a wide variety of channel widths and memory depth combinations. The number of data channels range from 34 channels with the 1673G, to a maximum of 136 channels with the 1670G. In addition, a half-channel acquisition mode is available which doubles memory depth per channel while reducing channel width by half.
Logic Analyzer Reference 1670G-Series Configuration Capabilities Timing Analyzer Configurations Mode Memory 1670G 1671G 1672G 1673G Convention al halfchannel 500 MHz 131072 (128K) 128K-deep / 68 chan. 66 data + 2 data or clock 128K-deep / 51 chan. 49 data + 2 data or clock 128K-deep / 34 chan. 32 data + 2 data or clock 128K-deep / 17 chan. 16 data + 1 data or clock Convention al fullchannel 250 MHz 65536 (64K) 64K-deep / 136 chan. 132 data + 4 data or clock 64K-deep / 102 chan.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Probing This section discusses the probing system for the logic analyzer. It also contains the information you need for connecting the probe system components to each other, to the logic analyzer, to the oscilloscope, to the pattern generator, and to the system under test. Probing Options You can connect the logic analyzer to your system under test in one of the following ways: See Also • Microprocessor- and bus-specific interfaces (optional).
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Microprocessor and Bus-Specific Interfaces There are a number of microprocessor- and bus-specific interfaces available as optional accessories. Microprocessors are supported by Universal Interfaces or Analysis Probes, or in some cases, both. Universal Interfaces are manufactured by other vendors. Universal Interfaces are aimed at initial hardware turn-on, and provide fast, reliable, and convenient connections to the microprocessor system.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing The Termination Adapter The logic analyzer must be properly terminated to operate correctly. Most Agilent Technologies analysis probes have properly terminated state connectors; however, many of them require termination adapters for the timing connectors. The optional termination adapter lets you connect the logic analyzer probe cables directly to test ports on your target system without the probes.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing General-purpose probing system description The standard probing system provided with the logic analyzer consists of a probe tip assembly, probe cable, and grabbers. Because of the passive design of the probes, there are no active circuits at the outer end of the cable. The rest of this chapter is dedicated to generalpurpose probing. The passive probing system is similar to the probing system used with high-frequency oscilloscopes.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Probe and Pod Grounding Each pod is grounded by a long, black, pod ground lead. You can connect the ground lead directly to a ground pin on your target system or use a grabber. To connect the ground lead to grounded pins on your target system, you must use 0.63-mm (0.025-in) square pins, or use round pins with a diameter of 0.66 mm (0.026 in) to 0.84 mm (0.033 in). The pod ground lead must always be used.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Grabbers The grabbers have a small hook that fits around the IC pins and component leads. The grabbers have been designed to fit on adjacent IC pins on either through-hole or surface-mount components with lead spacing greater than or equal to 0.050 inches. Probe Cable The probe cable contains 18 signal lines, 17 chassis ground lines and two power lines for analysis probe use. The cables are woven together into a flat ribbon that is 4.5 feet long.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Maximum Probe Input Voltage The maximum input voltage of each logic analyzer probe is 40 volts peak. Pod Thresholds Logic analyzer pods have two preset thresholds and a user-definable pod threshold. The two preset thresholds are ECL (-1.3 V) and TTL (+1.5 V). The user-definable threshold can be set anywhere between 6.0 volts and +6.0 volts in 0.05 volt increments. All pod thresholds are set independently.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Assembling the probing system The general-purpose probing system components are assembled as shown to make a connection between the measured signal line and the pods displayed in the Analyzer Format menu.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Connecting Probe Cables to the Logic Analyzer All probe cables are installed at the factory. If you need to replace a probe cable, refer to the 1670G-Series Logic Analyzers Service Guide. You can purchase the Service Guide from your Agilent Technologies Sales Office. Connecting the Probe Tip Assembly to the Probe Cable To connect a probe tip assembly to a cable, align the key on the cable connector with the slot on the probe housing and press them together.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Disconnecting Probe Leads from Probe Tip Assemblies When you receive the logic analyzer, the probe leads are already installed in the probe tip assemblies. To keep unused probe leads out of your way during a measurement, you can disconnect them from the pod. To disconnect a probe lead, insert the tip of a ballpoint pen into the latch opening. Push on the latch while gently pulling the probe out of the pod connector as shown in the figure.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Connecting the Grabbers to the Probes Connect the grabbers to the probe leads by slipping the connector at the end of the probe onto the recessed pin located in the side of the grabber. If you need to use grabbers for either the pod or the probe grounds, connect the grabbers to the ground leads in the same manner.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Oscilloscope probes (oscilloscope option only) The two oscilloscope probes supplied with the oscilloscope option are Agilent Technologies 1160A Miniature Passive Probes. These small, lightweight probes allow measurements that were previously very difficult in densely populated circuits. For complete information on the operation, maintenance, and adjustments of the miniature passive probes, be sure to read the operating note that is packaged with the probes.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Connecting the pattern generator pods directly to a PC board (pattern generator option only) To connect the pattern generator pods directly to the PC board, use one of the following two methods. Both methods require that a 3M 2520-series, or similar alternative connector be installed on the PC board. Direct pod to board connection Simply plug the pod directly into the 3M 2520-series, or similar alternative connector on the PC board.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Pattern generator output pod characteristics (pattern generator option only) The following equivalent circuit information is provided to help you select the appropriate clock and data pods for your application.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Agilent Technologies 10464A ECL Data Pod (terminated) Output type Maximum clock Skew Recommended lead set 10H115 with 330 ohm pulldown, 47 ohm in series 200 MHz Typical <1 ns; worst case 2 ns (see note 1) Agilent Technologies 10474A Agilent Technologies 10465A ECL Data Pod (unterminated) Output type Maximum clock Skew Recommended lead set 262 10H115 (no termination) 200 MHz Typical <1 ns; worst case 2 ns (see note 1) Agilent Technologies 10347A
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Agilent Technologies 10466A 3-State TTL/3.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Data Cable Characteristics Without a Data Pod The 1670G-series, with the pattern generator option, data cables without a data pod provide an ECL-terminated (1 KW to -5.2 V) differential signal. These are usable when received by a differential receiver, preferably with a 100-ohm termination across the lines. These signals should not be used single ended due to the slow fall time and shifted voltage threshold (they are not ECL compatible).
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Agilent Technologies 10460A TTL Clock Pod Clock output type Clock output rate Clock out delay Clock input type Clock input rate Pattern input type Clk-in to clk-out Patt-in to recognition Recommended lead set 10H125 with 47 ohm series; true & inverted 100 MHz maximum 11 ns maximum in 9 steps TTL - 10H124 DC to 100 MHz TTL - 10H124 (no connect is logic 1) Approx. 30 ns Approx.
Logic Analyzer Reference Probing Agilent Technologies 10463A ECL Clock Pod Clock output type 10H116 differential unterminated; and differential with 330 ohm to -5.2v and 47 ohm series Clock output rate 200 MHz maximum Clock out delay 11 ns maximum in 9 steps Clock input type ECL - 10H116 with 50 KW to -5.2 V Clock input rate DC to 200 MHz Pattern input type ECL - 10H116 with 50 KW (no connect is logic 0) Clk-in to clk-out Approx. 30 ns Patt-in to recognition Approx.
Logic Analyzer Reference Keyboard Shortcuts Keyboard Shortcuts This section explains how to use the optional keyboard interface (Agilent Technologies E2427B Keyboard Kit). You can use the keyboard interchangeably with the knob and front-panel keypad for all menu applications. The keyboard functions fall into the two basic categories of cursor movement and data entry. Moving the cursor The keyboard cursor is the location on the screen highlighted in inverse video.
Logic Analyzer Reference Keyboard Shortcuts Page Up and Page Down keys The Page Up and Page Down keys page through listings. The Page Up key displays the previous page of data. The Page Down key displays the next page of data. Selecting a menu item To select a menu item with the keyboard, position the cursor (the location highlighted in inverse video) on the menu item and press the Return or Enter key.
Logic Analyzer Reference Keyboard Shortcuts Using the keyboard overlays A keyboard overlay is included in the E2427B Keyboard Kit. The table below represents the key mappings.
Logic Analyzer Reference Common Menu Fields Common Menu Fields There are a number of fields that appear throughout the different menus that have similar operation. These common fields are listed below: • Mode (System/Analyzer) field • Menu field • Print field • Run field • Base field • Label field • Roll fields Because most of these fields are self-explanatory, only the fields with less obvious features are described here.
Logic Analyzer Reference Common Menu Fields Print field The Print field prints what is displayed on the screen at the time you initiate the printout. When you select the Print field, a print selection pop-up appears showing you one or more of the following options: • Print Screen • Print Disk • Print All • Print Partial • Cancel While printing, the Print field changes to Cancel and the user interface is not active except for Cancel.
Logic Analyzer Reference Common Menu Fields Print Disk The Print Disk option copies the screen in graphical form or ASCII, if available, to a file on either drive. Possible output formats are • ASCII 8-bit standard ASCII text file • B/W TIF Black-and-white image in TIFF version 5.0 format • Color TIF Color image in TIFF version 5.
Logic Analyzer Reference Common Menu Fields Run/Stop field The Run field starts the analyzer measurement. When you select Run, the screen switches to the display menu last viewed and displays the acquired data. If Stop is selected during a single run, the data acquisition is aborted. If Stop is selected during a repetitive run, the current run cycle is completed before data is displayed.
Logic Analyzer Reference Common Menu Fields Roll fields Some data may not fit on screen when there are many pods or labels to display. When this happens, it is indicated by the Label/Base field becoming selectable and its shade changing to the common field shade. To move through the hidden data, select the field, wait for the roll indicator to appear, and then use the knob to move through the data. The figure on this page shows an active roll field.
Logic Analyzer Reference Disk Drive Operations Disk Drive Operations The logic analyzer has a built-in 3.5-inch, double-sided, high-density or double-density, flexible disk drive. The disk drive is compatible with both LIF (Logical Interchange Format) and DOS (Disk Operating System) formats. It also has an internal hard disk drive, which performs the same operations as the flexible disk drive.
Logic Analyzer Reference Disk Drive Operations • Format Disk Formats a flexible disk or the internal hard disk. Either can be formatted in LIF or DOS format. All files on the disk will be destroyed with this operation. • Load Loads a file into the logic analyzer, overwriting the current settings or information. You can load system configurations, analyzer measurement setups including measurement data, and inverse assembler files. • Make Directory Creates a new directory on a DOS disk.
Logic Analyzer Reference Disk Drive Operations • Store Saves system and analyzer measurement setups including data. Disk operation safeguards If there is a problem or additional information is needed to execute an operation, a pop-up appears near the center of the screen displaying the status of the operation. If executing a disk operation could destroy or damage a file, a pop-up appears when you select Execute. If you do not want to complete the operation, select Cancel to cancel the operation.
Logic Analyzer Reference Disk Drive Operations Autoload The Autoload operation allows you to designate a set of configuration files to be loaded automatically the next time the analyzer is turned on. This allows you to change the default configuration of certain features to one that better fits your needs. If both the hard drive and flexible drive have autoload setups, only the setup on the flexible drive will be used. Autoload loads all of the files for a given base filename.
Logic Analyzer Reference Disk Drive Operations Pack By purging files from the disk and adding other files, you may end up with blank areas on the disk (between files) that are too small for the new files you are creating. On LIF disks, the Pack Disk operation packs the current files together, removing unused areas from between the files so that more space is available for files at the end of the disk. On DOS disks, the Pack Disk operation is not available.
Logic Analyzer Reference Disk Drive Operations Load and Store When you choose Load or Store, you next need to set the field immediately to the right. This field presents at least three choices: All, System, and Analyzer. If you have other software loaded, it might add to the list of choices. All Choose All to store or load both system and analyzer information. If you are storing, two files (one for the system and one for the analyzer) are created. The system file ends in ".
Logic Analyzer Reference Disk Drive Operations Oscilloscope (oscilloscope option only) Oscilloscope configuration files store measurement setups, including data. Attributes stored in scope configuration files include labels, trigger sequence, arming configuration, measurement data, markers, and channel assignments. Oscilloscope configuration files end in “._B” and have a file type of 167Xsc_config.
Logic Analyzer Reference The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centronics Interfaces The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centronics Interfaces This section describes the default setup, controller and printer interfaces and their configurations found in the System External I/O menu. It defines the GPIB interface and describes how to select a different GPIB address.
Logic Analyzer Reference The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centronics Interfaces The GPIB interface The General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) is Agilent Technologies' implementation of IEEE Standard 488-1978, "Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation." GPIB is a carefully defined interface that simplifies the integration of various instruments and computers into systems.
Logic Analyzer Reference The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centronics Interfaces The RS-232-C interface The RS-232-C interface is Agilent Technologies' implementation of EIA Recommended Standard RS-232-C, "Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Communications Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange." With this interface, data is sent one bit at a time and characters are not synchronized with preceding or subsequent data characters.
Logic Analyzer Reference The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centronics Interfaces Data Bits Data Bits are the number of bits used to represent the binary code of a character. The 1670G-series logic analyzers, with the pattern generator, support 8-bit binary code. Protocol Protocol governs the flow of data between the instrument and the external device. It can be controlled either by the hardware, in which case you select None in the RS-232-C Settings pop-up, or by the software, in which case you select Xon/Xoff.
Logic Analyzer Reference The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centronics Interfaces The Ethernet LAN interface The LAN interface is Agilent Technologies’ implementation of IEEE standard 802.3 (ISO 88002-3), “Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications.” This network protocol is commonly referred to as Ethernet. To access the LAN menus, go to the System External I/O menu and select the LAN Settings field.
Logic Analyzer Reference The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centronics Interfaces LAN Port There are two ports for connecting the logic analyzer to LAN. The LAN TP port is for a twisted pair network, sometimes known as ethertwist or 10Base-T. The LAN BNC port is for a coaxial cable network, sometimes know as thinlan or 10Base2. The LAN Port field toggles between these two ports. Select the field that matches your LAN network and the back-panel connector you are using.
Logic Analyzer Reference The RS-232-C, GPIB, and Centronics Interfaces Help with... These buttons provide additional information on the LAN settings screen, hosts table, and PC settings. Show LAN Connections This field pops up a list of all connections to the logic analyzer, and some information as to the type of connection. An IP address followed by “0.0” is an X Window connection. A line beginning with FTP is an ftp PARSER SOCKET is a telnet connection.
Logic Analyzer Reference System Utilities System Utilities The System Utilities menu is used for setting system level parameters such as the system clock, display intensity for each shade, and the sound. In this menu you can also rewrite the analyzer's memory with any new revisions of the operating system. Real Time Clock Adjustments field A real-time clock is displayed in the Waveform and Listing menus. When you print a screen, the current clock and date appear on the hard copy.
Logic Analyzer Reference System Utilities Update FLASH ROM field The logic analyzer uses flash ROMs to store the operating system. The analyzer you received should have an operating system in place and should also include the operating system files on a flexible disk, but you may occasionally need to update the operating system. Update FLASH ROM updates the analyzer's operating system. CAUTION: Updating flash ROM without the proper files will damage the logic analyzer operating system.
Logic Analyzer Reference System Utilities If you press a key other than Done, the logic analyzer will not pause for you to insert the second disk when it finishes copying files from the first disk. Instead, it will look on the hard drive under the /SYSTEM directory. If it finds copies of the operating system files on the hard drive, those are used instead. This could result in incorrect installation of the updated operating system. The logic analyzer warns, "We are about to erase flash ROM memory.
Logic Analyzer Reference Display Color Selection Display Color Selection The color selection feature allows you to customize display colors, which improves contrast and lessens eye fatigue caused by your operating environment. If you are color-blind to certain colors, are operating in a difficult light environment, or don't like the default colors, you can quickly and easily change them. The colors used by an X Window are always the default colors, and cannot be changed.
Logic Analyzer Reference Display Color Selection White is the center of the top of the cylinder (Luminosity = 100%, Saturation = 0%). The center line of the cylinder (Saturation = 0%) is a line which connects the center of the black plane (Luminosity = 0%, Saturation = 0%) with white (Luminosity = 100%, Saturation = 0%) through a series of gray steps (Luminosity from 0% to 100%, Saturation = 0%). Whenever saturation is 0%, the value of hue does not matter.
Logic Analyzer Reference Display Color Selection Setting the Color, Hue, Saturation, and Luminosity Fields To set the Color, Hue, Saturation, or Luminosity fields, see if the field you want has a different background than the other fields (light blue if using default colors). If it already has a different background, rotate the knob to change the value in that field. Otherwise, select the field once and its background will change color, indicating that it has been selected.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Configuration Menu The Analyzer Configuration Menu Type field The Type field lets you configure the logic analyzer with either an internal clock (Timing mode) or an external clock (State and SPA). When the Type field is selected, the following choices are available. Timing. When Timing is selected, the analyzer uses its own internal clock to clock measurement data into the acquisition memory. This clock is asynchronous to the signals in the target system.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Configuration Menu Illegal configuration When both analyzers are turned on, the first pod pair 1,2 and the last pod pair cannot be assigned to the same analyzer machine. If this configuration is set, the analyzer will display a re-assignment menu when you try to leave the configuration screen. Use this re-assignment menu to configure the pod assignment automatically to a legal configuration.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu The Analyzer Format Menu Pod threshold field The pod threshold field is used to set a voltage level that the data must reach before the analyzer recognizes and displays it as a change in logic levels. Threshold levels apply to single pods, and cover both data and clock channels. TTL. When TTL is selected, the threshold level is +1.5 volts. ECL. When ECL is selected, the threshold level is -1.3 volts. User.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu State acquisition modes The State Acquisition Mode field identifies the channel width and memory depth of the selected acquisition mode. There are two configurations of channel width/memory depth. Full Channel/64K Memory/150 MHz Full-channel mode uses both pods in a pod pair for 34 channels of width and a total memory depth of 64 K per channel.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu Timing acquisition modes The Timing Acquisition mode field identifies the acquisition type, the channel width, and sampling speed of the present acquisition mode. There are three acquisition modes and five configurations. Conventional Acquisition Mode In Conventional Acquisition mode, the analyzer stores measurement data at each sampling interval.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu Acquisition modes The Acquisition mode field identifies the channel width and sampling speed of the present acquisition mode. There are two timing acquisition modes. State analyzers only have one acquisition mode. Full-channel 250 MHz. Data is sampled and stored as often as every 4 ns. Half-channel 500 MHz. Data is sampled and stored as often as every 2 ns, but only one of the pods in each pod pair is active. 150 MHz State.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu Clock Inputs Display Beneath the Data on clks, and next to the activity indicators, is a group of all clock inputs available in the present configuration. The number of available clocks depends on the model. The J and K clocks appear with pod pair 1/2, the L and M with pod pair 3/4. In a model with more than three pod pairs, all other clock lines are displayed to the left of the displayed master clocks, and are used only as data channels.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu Pod clock field (State only) The pod clock field identifies the type of clock arrangement assigned to each pod. When the pod clock field is selected, a clock arrangement menu appears with the choices of Master, Slave, or Demultiplex. Once a pod clock is assigned a clock arrangement, its identity and function follows what is configured in the Master and Slave Clock fields.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu Analyzer Memory latches on master clock latches on slave clock data on master Slave Latch data on slave Latching Slave Data 303
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu Demultiplex The Demultiplex mode is used to store two different sets of data that occur at different times on the same channels. In Demultiplex mode both the master and slave clocks are used, but only one pod of the pod pair is sampled. Channel assignments are displayed as Demux Master and Demux Slave. For easy recognition of the two sets of data, assign slave and master data to separate labels.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu Master and Slave Clock fields (State only) The Master and Slave Clock fields are used to construct a clocking arrangement. A clocking arrangement is the assignment of appropriate clocks, clock edges, and clock qualifier levels which allow the analyzer to synchronize itself on valid data.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu See Also "Pod Clock Field" found earlier in this chapter for information on selecting clocking arrangement types, such as Master, Slave, or Demultiplex.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu Setup/Hold field Setup/Hold in the Master and Slave Clock fields adjusts the relative position of the clock edge with respect to the time period that data is valid. When the Setup/Hold field is selected, a configuration menu appears. Use this Setup/ Hold configuration menu to select each pod in the analyzer and assign a Setup/Hold selection from the selection list. With a single clock edge assigned, the choices range from 3.5-ns Setup/ 0.0-ns Hold to 0.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu Symbols field The Symbols field is located directly below the Run field in the upper right corner of the Format menu. Use this field to access the symbol tables. Use symbol tables to define a mnemonic for a specific bit pattern of a label. You can specify up to 1000 total symbols, and use them freely between available analyzers. When measurements are made, the mnemonic is displayed where the bit pattern occurs using the selected symbol base.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu Base field Use the Base field to select the numeric base in which the pattern in the symbols menu is displayed. Binary is not available if more than 20 channels are assigned to a label because there is only enough room for 20 bits to be displayed on the screen. You cannot specify a pattern or range when the base is ASCII. Define the pattern or range in one of the other bases, then switch to ASCII to see the ASCII characters.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu Label fields The label fields are the fields with label names along the left side of the display below the field captioned Labels. The default label names are Bus1 through Bus126. Selecting the label fields pops up a choice of Turn Label On, Turn Label Off, and Modify Label. The Turn Label Off option turns off the label.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Format Menu Label polarity fields The label polarity fields, which are located just after the label, are used to assign a polarity to each label. The default polarity for all labels is positive (+). You change the label polarity by toggling the polarity field. When the polarity is positive, 1 is high and 0 is low. When the polarity is negative, 1 is low and 0 is high.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu The Analyzer Trigger Menu Trigger sequence levels Sequence levels are the definable stages of the total trigger specification. Individual sequence levels are assigned using either a predefined trigger function or a user-level trigger function. The total trigger specification can contain both kinds of function. See Also "Using the Trigger Menu" on page 70 for more on setting up a trigger.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu Modify Trigger field The Modify Trigger field allows you to modify the statements of any single sequence level as well as perform other high-level actions like global clearing of existing trigger statements, and adding or deleting sequence levels. Break Down Functions/Restore Functions acts a bit differently than the others.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu Timing trigger function library The following list contains all the functions in the library of timing trigger functions. They are listed in the same order as they appear onscreen. User Mode User level - custom combinations, loops The User level is a user-definable level. This level offers low-level configuration and uses one internal sequence level. If the "<" duration is used, four levels are required. Basic Functions 1.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu Pattern/Edge 1. Find edge and pattern Combinations This function becomes true when a selected edge type is seen at the same time as a designated pattern. It uses one internal sequence level. 2. Find pattern occurring too soon after edge This function becomes true when a designated pattern is seen occurring within a set duration after a selected edge type is seen. It uses three or four internal sequence levels. 3.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu State trigger function library The following list contains all the functions in the library of state trigger functions. They are listed in the same order as they appear onscreen. User Mode User level - custom combinations, loops The User level is a user-definable level. This level offers low-level configuration and uses one internal sequence level. Basic Functions 1.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu Sequence 1. Find event 2 "n" times after event 1 before event 3 occurs Dependent functions This function becomes true when it first finds a designated pattern 1, followed by a selected number of occurrences of a designated pattern 2. In addition, if a designated pattern 3 is seen anytime while the sequence is not yet true, the sequence starts over. If pattern 2's "nth" occurrence is coincident with pattern 3, the sequence starts over.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu Delay 1. Wait "n" external clock states This function becomes true after a designated number of user clock states have occurred. It uses one internal sequence level.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu Modifying the user function Before you begin building a trigger specification using the user function, it should be noted that in most cases one of the predefined trigger functions will work. If you need to accommodate a specific trigger condition, or you prefer to construct a trigger specification from scratch, use the User function as a starting point.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu As the analyzer executes the trigger specification, it searches for a match between the resource term value and the data. When a match is found, that part of the sequence statement becomes true and the sequencing continues to the next part of the statement or the next sequence level. Eventually a path of "true" resource terms leads to your trigger command.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu Using the Occurrence Counters Occurs field. When "Occurs" is selected, the < and > duration functions change to an occurrence counter. Use the occurrence counter to delay sequence evaluation until the resource term has occurred a designated number of times. If the "else on" branch becomes true before all specified occurrences of the primary "Trigger on" branch, the secondary "else on" branch is taken.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu If the "Else on" term is found, the secondary branch taken is to the designated sequence level. If the "Else on" term is not found, the analyzer continues to loop within the same sequence level until one of the two branches is found. If the "Else on" branch is taken, the occurrence counter is reset even if the "go to level" branch is back to the same level. If both branches are found true at the same time, the primary branch is taken.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu Resource terms Resource terms are user-defined variables that are assigned to sequence levels. They are placed into the sequence statement where their bit pattern or edge type is searched for within the data stream. When a match is found, a branch is initiated and the next statement or sequence level is acted upon.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu Edge terms 1 and 2 (Timing only) The two edge terms are only available in the timing analyzer. Each edge term is assigned positive-going, negative-going, or any-transition edge type, or glitch. Global timers 1 and 2 In addition to the resource terms available, there are two global timers available. Each timer can be started, paused, continued, or stopped from any sequence level except the first.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu Using Preset Values Assign. Assign toggles which machine the term is assigned to. All of the available resource terms except the Edge terms can be assigned to any analyzer. However, a term can only be assigned to one analyzer at a time. Rename. Rename lets you change the term name. This function works for all terms. Clear (=X). Clear sets the terms to their broadest possible meaning. For terms a - j, the assignment field is set to all Xs (don't cares).
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu After the assignment menu closes, you may see "$" indicators in the field display. A "$" indicates the assignment can't be displayed in the selected base because of Don't Cares. When you display the assignment in binary, however, you can see the actual pattern. Range terms. Range terms require an upper and lower bit pattern boundary. The range is recognized as the data that is numerically between or on the two specified boundaries.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu Arming Control field Arming Control sets up the order of triggering for complicated measurements involving more than one machine. You can set the logic analyzer to begin running when it receives a signal from an external machine, have one analyzer start the other, or have one analyzer send a signal to another external machine. The default configuration has both analyzers running independently without external communications.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu One possible scenario is to have several test instruments and a logic analyzer connected to a complex target system. The analyzer is armed by an external Arm In signal from another test/measurement entity. After the first analyzer triggers, it arms the second analyzer. After the second analyzer triggers, it sends a Port Out signal through the external BNC. This signal is used to arm another external test/ measurement entity.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu Acquisition Control field Selecting the Acquisition Control field pops up the Acquisition Control menu. The Acquisition Control menu sets the acquisition mode, the trigger position within acquisition memory, and the sample period. Acquisition Mode field The Acquisition Mode field toggles between Manual and Automatic.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu In a timing analyzer, even when the trigger position is set to Start or End, there will always be a small portion of pre-trigger and post-trigger data stored. Most of the choices designate prestore and poststore percentages, but the Delay setting affects when the memory begins storing data relative to the trigger. Delay (Timing only) The Delay field delays the start of acquisition storage after the trigger.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Analyzer Trigger Menu Count field (State only) The Count field accesses a selection menu which indicates whether acquisition data is stamped with a Time tag or a State Count tag. Time and State tags If you have all pod pairs assigned, the state acquisition memory is reduced by half when time or state tags are turned on. You can maintain full memory depth if you leave a specified pod pair unassigned. States. States places numbered tags on all data relative to the trigger.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Listing Menu The Listing Menu Markers The Markers field accesses the markers selection menu. When the Markers field is selected, a marker selection menu appears with the marker choices appropriate for the present analyzer configuration. Off The Off selection turns off marker operations but does not turn off operations based on the markers.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Listing Menu Timing analyzer markers Timing analyzers always have marker choices of Pattern, Time, or Statistics. Timing analyzers do not have state markers. The pattern markers, though, can be used to count intervening patterns. Stop measurement field The stop measurement function specifies a condition that stops the analyzer measurement during a repetitive run. If two analyzers are configured, both analyzers stop when either specified stop condition is satisfied. Off .
Logic Analyzer Reference The Waveform Menu The Waveform Menu sec/Div field When acquisition control is set to automatic, the sec/Div field affects the sample period. Timing waveforms are reconstructed relative to the sample period. A shorter sample period puts more sample points on the waveform for a more accurate reconstruction but also fills memory more quickly.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Waveform Menu Delay field Depending on the analyzer configuration, a positive or negative delay measured in either states (State only) or time (Timing only) can be set. The Delay field lets you scroll the data and place the display window at center screen. Changing the delay will not affect the data acquisition unless it is a timing analyzer and the acquisition mode is automatic. In this case, the sample period changes.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Waveform Menu Viewing state values in the bus option When all assigned waveforms in a label are overlaid with the Bus option, the value of the data is displayed in the base selected in the Listing menu to the right of each new transition in the waveform display. This happens only when the waveform size is set to large.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Waveform Menu Waveform display At the bottom of the Waveform menu is a reference line which displays the relative location of the display window, the markers, and the trigger point with reference to the total memory. Total memory is represented by a horizontal dotted line. The display window is represented by an overlaid solid line.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Mixed Display Menu The Mixed Display Menu The Mixed Display menu combines a state listing display located at the top of the menu and a waveform display located at the bottom of the menu. The Mixed Display menu shows both state and timing data in the same display. The Mixed Display menu only becomes available when at least one analyzer is configured as a state analyzer, with its Count field in the Trigger menu set to Time.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Mixed Display Menu Time-correlated displays Once the Time markers are set in the Waveform display area of the Mixed Display menu, time-correlated X and O Time markers will be displayed in both the listing and the waveform display areas. Markers The markers in the Mixed Display menu are not the same as the markers in the individual Listing and Waveform menus. First, Mixed Display only has time markers.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Chart Menu The Chart Menu State Chart is a software post-processing feature that provides the ability to build x-y charts of label activity using state data. The Chart menu builds a graphical representation of the system under test. The Y axis always represents data values for a specified label. You can select whether the X axis represents states (rows in the state listing) or the data values for another label.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Chart Menu Min and Max scaling fields When State is selected for the X axis, the minimum and maximum values can range from -1 M to +1 M, depending on the trace point location. When Label is selected for either axis, the minimum and maximum values range from 00000000 hex to FFFFFFFF hex regardless of the axis, because labels are restricted to 32 bits. Markers/Range field The Marker/Range field is a toggle field.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Chart Menu Axis Control field Axis Control pops up a menu that lets you select what will appear on the X and Y axes, what base the measurements display in, and how much of the memory appears onscreen. Chart Axis Control Menu Base. The base fields control the base that the markers and other onscreen values appear in. If you are charting label versus label, you can set the two labels to use different bases. Memory Charted.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Chart Menu Rescale field The Rescale field allows you to zoom in on a particular area, or move back to viewing the entire chart. To use Rescale, place your markers to box in an area you want to focus on, and then select one of the “between markers” choices. To move back to the big picture, choose Full Scale. You can also get a larger picture by setting the markers outside the current boundaries and choosing one of the “between markers” options.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Compare Menu The Compare Menu State Compare is a software postprocessing feature that compares bitby-bit the acquired state data listing and a reference listing. State Compare is only available when at least one analyzer is configured as a State analyzer. The comparison between the acquired state listing data and the data in the reference listing is done relative to the trigger points.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Compare Menu Reference Listing field The Reference Listing field is a toggle field that switches the listing type between the Reference image listing and the Difference listing. The Reference listing is a display of the image (or template) that acquired data is compared to during a comparison measurement. The boundaries of the image (or size of the template) are controlled by using the channel masking and compare range functions.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Compare Menu This means that when you change the current row position in the Difference listing, the analyzer automatically updates the current row in the acquired State listing and Reference listing, and vice-versa. If the three listings are synchronized and you acquire data again, the Reference listing may have a different number of pre-trigger states depending on the trigger criteria.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Compare Menu Find Error field The Find Error field lets you easily locate any patterns that do not match in the current comparison. Occurrences of differences or errors are found in numerical ascending order from the start of the listing. The first occurrence of an error has the numerical value of one. You select which error number to find by highlighting the Find Error field and entering a number from the front-panel keypad.
Logic Analyzer Reference The Compare Menu Mask field The channel masking field is used to specify a bit, or bits in each label that you do not want compared. This causes the corresponding bits in all states to be ignored in the comparison. The Reference data image itself remains unchanged on the display. When you select the Mask field an assignment pop-up appears in which you specify which channels are to be compared and which channels are to be masked. A ".
10 System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software 349
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software System Performance Analysis Software The System Performance Analysis (SPA) software is included as standard software in the 1670G-series logic analyzers. SPA provides you with a set of functions for performing statistical analysis on your target system. Its functions include State Overview, State Histogram, and Time Interval modes.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Error messages and warnings used by SPA are the same as those used by each of the logic analyzers. Refer to page 421 for descriptions of these messages. If you need programming information, refer to the Agilent Technologies 1670G Series Logic Analyzers Programmer’s Guide. It is available from your Agilent Technologies Sales Office.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software What is System Performance Analysis? The logic analyzer's state or timing analyzer is used to make quantitative measurements on specific events in the target system. For example, they can measure a specific time interval on a microprocessor's control lines or can find out how a particular subroutine was called. System Performance Analysis, on the other hand, is used for qualitative measurements on the target system.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Operating characteristics The following describes the operating characteristics of the System Performance Analysis software for the three SPA measurement modes. State Overview The State Overview mode displays a bar chart of a label's state value versus the relative number of occurrences of each value in the defined range of the label. State Overview is available on any label defined in the Format Specification.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software State Histogram The State Histogram mode displays states that occur within userdefined ranges of a label. State Histogram is available on any label defined in the Format Specification. • The maximum number of ranges is 11. • Other States included/excluded is available and displays a histogram of all states not covered by the user-defined ranges. • You can trace All States or patterned Qualified States.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Getting started This section describes how to access the System Performance Analysis (SPA) menus. Also, it describes selecting the SPA modes and setting the specifications. Accessing the menus The SPA menus are accessed through the Analyzer Configuration menu. When the configuration menu is displayed, select the Type field and choose SPA from the pop-up.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Setting up the State Format specification When a State or Timing analyzer is changed to SPA, SPA will retain the State or Timing Format specification. For complete details on changing from a State or Timing Analyzer to SPA, see "Using SPA with other features." The State and Timing format specification menus provide symbol tables.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software SPA measurement processes This section introduces you to the measurement processes of the System Performance Analysis (SPA) software. It tells you how to select the appropriate trace mode and labels. It also explains how SPA samples and sorts data. Selecting and changing trace modes SPA has three trace modes: State Overview, State Histogram, and Time Interval. These are selected by the Trace Mode field in the SPA data display.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Sampling methods and data sorting SPA provides a statistical summary of target system behavior over time. The greater the number of samples, the more accurate the statistics. Therefore, SPA should always be run in the Repetitive mode. By doing this, the analyzer will continue to sample the data and update the display until Stop is pressed or until a sampling variable is changed on the display.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Qualified State Histogram and Time Interval modes use all of the labels in the Format Specification to define either the qualified state or the start and stop events, respectively. While State Overview and State Histogram deal with recorded states, Time Interval deals with time.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Data sampling and sorting. When Run is pressed, all input channels defined in the Format Specification are sampled. Once acquired, the sampled data is sorted into the buckets of the specified label, and the State Overview display is updated. The acquisition is repeated until Stop is pressed or until a display variable is changed. Y axis scaling.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Example State Overview example An example of a State Overview measurement is testing for access to a reserved area of memory. In this case, the address bus of the target system would need to be grouped under a single label, such as ADDR.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software State Histogram mode State Histogram mode displays relative activity of ranges of a specified label. The ranges can also be compared to activity on the rest of the label not defined in the ranges. Data qualification is possible with State Histogram, so data can be filtered during acquisition. Data sampling and sorting. When Run is pressed, all input channels defined in the Format Specification are sampled.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software State Overview mode does not display data that falls out of the range of its Low and High values. State Histogram, on the other hand, has an "Other States included/excluded" feature that will present a histogram of any activity that does not fall into the defined ranges (see "Other States included/ excluded," later in this section). State Overview samples and displays all activity on the specified label.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Number of samples per range. Displayed next to each bar is a value representing the number of samples for that range. The ratio of these values to total samples determines the relative size of the histograms. These values are updated as the repeated acquisitions are sorted and displayed. Other States included/excluded. Usually the defined ranges will not cover the entire range of the specified label.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Example State Histogram example A computer system has several I/O devices, such as a data terminal, disk drive, tape drive, and printer. Each device has its own service routines stored in memory. The problem is that one or more of the devices is tying up the CPU. The address bus of the system is monitored using State Histogram to define the memory blocks where the service routines are stored.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Time Interval mode Time Interval mode shows distribution of the execution time of a single event. The event is defined by specifying Start and End conditions as patterns across all labels defined in the Format Specification. Data sampling and sorting. When you press Run, the analyzer samples the target system using the definitions entered in the Format Specification.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Start and end conditions need not be adjacent in the data stream. For example, when the state analyzer sees the specified start condition, it starts the timer. If the start condition occurs again before the end condition occurs, the timer will not be reset. For measurement purposes, the analyzer measures the time between the first occurrence of the start condition and the first occurrence of the stop condition.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Min, Max, and Avg Time Statistics. The Time Interval mode display shows three statistics: Maximum (Max) time, Minimum (Min) time, and Average (Avg) time. These values are displayed whether or not they fall into any of the time interval ranges. Therefore, they are helpful in determining if the appropriate time intervals have been chosen. The maximum resolution of the statistics is 8 ns. Total samples.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Example Time Interval example A team of applications programmers is writing a math package for a spreadsheet. They need to develop standards for the various math functions. Using time interval mode, they can test the execution time of each of the math functions. For each math function, they enter the starting and ending addresses in the Time Interval menu.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Example Measurement example using all three trace modes In a 32-bit microprocessor system, you want to determine how efficiently the CPU is being utilized. Critical questions might be: are any processes consuming excessive processing time, are any processes getting stuck in wait loops, and is the system handling service calls and interrupts efficiently? You connect the logic analyzer to the address bus of your system.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Next, you go to the State Histogram menu and enter the names and boundaries of the five routines in the state histogram ranges. State Histogram then displays the relative activity of the five routines. After several acquisitions, it is apparent that the interrupt routine is being accessed more often than expected. The figure below shows the State Histogram display for this example.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Running the acquisition again, you discover that the interrupt usually takes the expected 8 microseconds, but occasionally it takes as long as 8milliseconds. After experimenting with the target system while monitoring the interrupt with Time Interval mode, a faulty key on the keyboard is discovered. The key is bouncing excessively, resulting in an extended interrupt routine call.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Using State Overview, State Histogram, and Time Interval This section explains how to select the display fields, set up the logic analyzer and use the State Overview, State Histogram and Time Interval modes of SPA. Setting up the logic analyzer This section assumes you have defined the Format and have connected the logic analyzer probes to the target system.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Label Low value X marker O Marker High Value Max Count Bucket Display Area X Mark count O Mark count Total count SPA State Overview Menu with Fields Called Out Specifying Low and High values The range of the X axis is determined by the Low value and High value fields. To change the X axis range, select the Low value or High value fields and enter new limits.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software The default high and low values represent the full range of the label you chose. Before changing these values, you may want to run the acquisition and acquire some data to view activity over the entire range of the label. You can then zoom in on areas of interest. You can enter low and high values in binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal, ASCII, or symbol.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Zooming in on an area of interest. When viewing the State Overview display, you may see areas of high activity and areas of little or no activity. To zoom in on one of these areas for more resolution, put the X and O markers on the boundaries of the area, then adjust the low and high values to match the X and O marker positions. Using State Histogram mode Choosing a label to monitor.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Using symbols for ranges. In the Format menu, you can define symbols for any available label. The symbols can be defined as Pattern Symbols or Range Symbols. For complete information on defining and using symbols, see "Symbols field" on page 308. If you set the base field in the State Histogram display to Symbol, you can use any defined range or pattern symbol to set the lower and upper values of the ranges.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Interpreting the histogram display. Press the blue shift key and Run to start the State Histogram acquisition. The relative activity over the ranges you defined is displayed as histograms (see the figure on the previous page). The total samples field shows the total number of data samples displayed in all of the ranges. The number of samples for each range is displayed to the left of each histogram.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Using Time Interval mode Use Time Interval mode to determine the distribution of time between two specific events. The state analyzer uses the time tag feature to time the event; thus, in Time Interval mode, the minimum state clock period is 10 ns. Specifying an event To use Time Interval mode, you must define an event that you want timed. At the bottom of the display, note the Start and End fields.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software SPA Time Interval Menu For measurement purposes, the analyzer measures the time between the first occurrence of the Start condition and the first occurrence of the Stop condition. Defining the Time Interval ranges. Before changing the ranges from their default values, you may want to press Run and acquire some data.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Using Auto-range. To quickly set up all 8 time interval ranges, select the Auto-range field. Enter the minimum time and maximum time for all 8 ranges combined. Then, when you select Log Scale or Linear Scale, all 8 ranges will be scaled accordingly between the Minimum and Maximum times. See the figure on the previous page for the Autorange pop-up. Common boundaries of adjacent ranges are not considered overlapped.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software The analyzer continues to search for Start/End event pairs until you press Stop or change a display variable. The distribution of the events' time duration is displayed as histograms. The Max time, Min time, and Avg time statistics give you useful statistics for the event you defined no matter what ranges you've set up.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Using SPA with other features Programming with SPA SPA is programmable. Refer to the Agilent Technologies 1670G Series Logic Analyzers Programmer's Guide for SPA commands. The Programmer's Guide is available as an option with the logic analyzer. Contact your Agilent Technologies Sales Office for more information.
System Performance Analysis (SPA) Software System Performance Analysis Software Using SPA in Group Runs The 1670G-series logic analyzers allow you to set up group runs using the Arming Control field of the other machine's Trigger menu. By its statistical nature, SPA runs best as a repetitive measurement system. Therefore, if you include SPA in a Group Run, it will execute and update the SPA displays, but the data may not be acquired in a statistically random-repetitive fashion.
11 Logic Analyzer Concepts 385
Logic Analyzer Concepts Logic Analyzer Concepts Logic Analyzer Concepts Understanding how the analyzer does its job will help you use it more effectively and minimize measurement problems. This chapter explains the structure of the file system, the details of transitional timing mode, the general operation of the trigger sequence, and the details of the hardware.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The File System The File System The 1670G-series logic analyzers have a complex internal file system. Many of the file attributes are only accessible over a LAN connection. From the logic analyzer's front panel, the only parts of the file system you can examine are the hard disk drive and the flexible disk drive. The hard disk drive contains the /SYSTEM directory with the X Window fonts and some example files, and also whatever other files and directories you have created on it.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The File System Directories Hard disk drive When you receive the logic analyzer, the hard disk drive is already DOS-formatted. The factory also creates a directory on the hard disk drive named "/SYSTEM". The /SYSTEM directory is intended to store system software such as backup copies of the operating system files and the performance verification files.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The File System File types Standard file types The file type is shown in a small display box centered on the line above the file listings. autoload_file. indicates the file, almost always named AUTOLOAD, is an autoload file. The file description indicates if the autoload file is enabled or disabled, and the file it autoloads. Autoload files are created by executing "Autoload" in the System Disk menu. 167xan_config. indicates the file is a 1670G-series logic analyzer configuration.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The File System 167xsc_config. indicates the file is an oscilloscope configuration. These files are created by executing "Store Scope" or "Store All" in the System Disk menu. 16522_cnfg. indicates that the file is a pattern generator configuration. These files are created by executing "Store Patt Gen" in the System Disk menu. Filename endings Filename endings are not restricted to certain types. These descriptions are just general guidelines.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Trigger Sequence The Trigger Sequence 1670G-series logic analyzers have triggering and data storage features that allow you to capture only the system activity of interest. Understanding how these features work will help you set up analyzer trigger specifications that satisfy your measurement needs.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Trigger Sequence Trigger sequence specification See the following figure, which shows a sequence specification with four levels. To define the trigger sequence, you specify sequenceadvance, sequence-else, storage, and trigger-on specifications. Each level except the last has two branch conditions, the sequenceadvance and sequence-else specification. The storage specification indicates whether data should be stored or not while the logic analyzer is at that sequence level.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Trigger Sequence Sequence-advance specification The sequence-advance branch, sometimes called the "if" branch or primary branch, always branches to the next level. You can specify the following kinds of sequence-advance specifications: Find (or Then find) "" time(S) Find (or Then find) ""
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Trigger Sequence Trigger on specification. If there are branch and storage specifications for each sequence level, what does the trigger term mean? The trigger term is a special sequence-advance specification in that, when found, it locks the contents of analyzer acquisition memory. The trigger can be positioned at the beginning, middle, or end of acquisition memory.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Trigger Sequence Analyzer resources The sequence-advance, sequence-else, storage, and trigger-on specifications are set by a combination of a maximum of 10 pattern terms, 2 range terms, 2 timers, and 2 edge terms (for the timing analyzer only). A resource can only be assigned to one analyzer at a time. 10 pattern terms. The pattern terms, a through j, represent single states to be found on labeled sets of bits.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Trigger Sequence You can combine the pattern terms and range terms with logical operators to form complex pattern expressions in the sequenceadvance, sequence-else, and TRIGGER on specifications. For example, Find "( • ) + ( • )" Where can be a single value on a set of labels, any value within a range of values on a set of labels, or a glitch or edge transition on a bit or set of bits. Limitations affecting use of analyzer resources.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Trigger Sequence Resource Combination Hierarchy Group Pair Resource Operation Resource Pair Links Group Link Group 1 Pair 1 Off, On, Negate Off, On, Negate Off, On, Negate Off, In Range, Out of Range Off, On, Negate Off, On, Negate Off, On, Negate Off, <, > Off, On, Negate Off, On, Negate Off, On, Negate Off, In Range, Out of Range Off, On, Negate Off, On, Negate Off, On, Negate Off, <, > a b c Range 1 d Edge 1 e Timer 1 f g h Range2 i Edge 2 j Timer 2 Combine resource
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Trigger Sequence For example, the following combinations are valid combinations for the analyzer: (a+b) • (In_Range2 + Timer2 > 400 ns) (c • Out_Range1) + (f xor g) The following combinations are not valid, because resources cross pair boundaries: a xor c (d + Timer1 < 400 ns) • Edge1 398
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Trigger Sequence The first example shows that a and c cannot be combined at the first level.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Trigger Sequence Timing analyzer When you configure a timing analyzer, the trigger sequence follows the general outlines given previously. The trigger sequence of the timing analyzer differs from the state analyzer in the following ways: • There are 10 levels available to build a trigger. • The trigger term is always the last step. • The analyzer cannot use pattern terms h and j. • The timing analyzer has two additional resources, Edge1 and Edge2.
Logic Analyzer Concepts Configuration Translation Between Agilent Logic Analyzers Configuration Translation Between Agilent Logic Analyzers Analyzer configuration files cannot be transferred directly from one type of analyzer to another because each analyzer has internal architectural differences, reflected in the number of pods, clock configurations, trigger sequence features, analyzer resources, and so on.
Logic Analyzer Concepts Configuration Translation Between Agilent Logic Analyzers The configuration translator needs to account for many aspects of the analyzer architecture. Some of the considerations are as follows: • When a range term is split across multiple pods, the term must span adjacent odd/even pairs, starting with 1. Thus, terms could span pods 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, or 7 and 8, but not 2 and 3.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware The Analyzer Hardware This section describes the theory of operation for the logic analyzer and describes the self-tests. The information in this section is to help you understand how the logic analyzer operates and what the self-tests are testing. This information is not intended for component-level repair. The block-level theory is divided into two parts: theory for the logic analyzer and theory for the acquisition boards.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware 1670G-series analyzer theory 1670G logic analyzer board 404
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware CPU board The microprocessor is a Motorola 68EC020 running at 25 MHz. The microprocessor controls all of the functions of the logic analyzer including processing and storing data, displaying data, and configuring the acquisition ICs to obtain and store data. System memory The system memory is made up of both read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM). Two types of ROM are used.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware GPIB interface The instrument interfaces to GPIB as defined by IEEE Standard 488.2. The interface consists of an GPIB controller and two octal drivers/ receivers. The microprocessor routes GPIB data to the controller. The controller then buffers the 8-bit GPIB data bits and generates the bus handshaking signals. The data and handshaking signals are then routed to the GPIB bus through the octal line drivers/receivers.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware LAN Interface The LAN Interface is primarily a single LAN integrated circuit with supporting components. Isolation circuitry for the LAN port is included on the I/O board. The LAN interface conforms to IEEE 802.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware Logic acquisition board theory Logic acquisition board 408
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware Probing The probing circuit includes the probe cable and terminations. The probe cable consists of two 17-channel pods which are connected to the circuit board using a high-density connector. Sixteen single-ended data channels and one single-ended clock/data channel per pod are passed to the circuit board. If the clock/data channel is not used as a state clock in state acquisition mode, it is available as a data channel.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware purposes. A test bit pattern is sent from the Test and Clock Synchronization Circuit to the comparator. The comparators then propagate the test signal on each of the nine channels of the comparator. Consequently, all data and clock channel pipelines on the circuit board can be tested by the operating system software from the comparator. Acquisition The acquisition circuit is made up of a single Agilent-proprietary ASIC.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware Threshold A precision octal DAC and precision op amp drivers make up the threshold circuit. Each of the eight channels of the DAC is individually programmable which allows you to set the thresholds of the individual pods. The 16 data channels and the clock channel of each pod are all set to the same threshold voltage.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware Oscilloscope board theory Oscilloscope board 412
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware Attenuator/Preamp theory of operation The channel signals are conditioned by the attenuator/preamps, thick film hybrids containing passive attenuators, impedance converters, and a programmable amplifier. The channel sensitivity defaults to the standard 1-2-4 sequence (other sensitivities can be set also). However, the firmware uses passive attenuation of 1, 5, 25, and 125, with the programmable preamp, to cover the entire sensitivity range.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware ADC Hybrid. The ACD Hybrid provides all of the sampling, digitizing, and high-speed waveform storage. The ADC includes a phase-locked loop frequency converter that, for sample rates from 250 MHz to 2 GHz, multiplies the input clock from the time base. FISO memory. 32,768 samples of the FISO (fast in, slow out) memory are used per measurement per channel. Memory positions are not addressed directly.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware The 100 MHz reference oscillator provides the base sample frequency. The time base hybrid has programmable dividers to provide the rest of the sample frequencies appropriate for the time range selected. The time base uses the time-stretched output of the fine interpolator to time-reference the sampling to the trigger point. The time base has counters to control how much data is taken before (pre-trigger data) and after (post-trigger data) the trigger event.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware Digital Interface. The Digital Interface provides control and interface between the system control and digital functions in the acquisition circuitry. Analog Interface The Analog Interface provides control of analog functions in the acquisition circuitry. It is primarily a 16-channel DAC with an accurate reference and filters on the outputs. It controls channel offsets and trigger levels, and provides the DC Cal output.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware Pattern Generator board theory Pattern Generator Board Loop Register The loop register holds the programmable vector flow information. When the module reaches the end of the vector listing, the loop register is queried for the RAM address location of the next userprogrammed vector. In many cases, the next vector address location would be the start of the vector listing.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware RAM Consisting of five 256Kx16 VRAM ICs and RAM addressing circuitry, the RAM stores the desired patterns that appear at the module output. The RAM addressing circuitry is merely a counter which addresses the pattern locations in RAM. When the end of the vector listing is reached, the addressing circuitry is loaded from the loop register with the address of the first vector of the listing to provide an uninterrupted vector loop.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware The output of the clock select multiplexer is also distributed to an external clock out circuit. The clock signal is routed to a bank of external clock delays, and then to an external clock delay select multiplexer. The output of this multiplexer, which represents the desired clock delay, is directed to the external clock out pin on the clock pod.
Logic Analyzer Concepts The Analyzer Hardware Self-tests description The self-tests identify the correct operation of major functional areas in the logic analyzer. The self-tests are not intended for component-level diagnostics. Three types of tests are performed on the 1670G-series logic analyzers: the power-up self-tests, the functional performance verification selftests, and the parametric performance verification tests. The power-up self-tests are performed when power is applied to the instrument.
12 Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer 421
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Occasionally, a measurement may not give the expected results. If you encounter difficulties while making measurements, use this chapter to guide you through some possible solutions. Each heading lists a problem you may encounter, along with some possible solutions. Error messages which may appear on the logic analyzer are listed below in quotes " ". Symptoms are listed without quotes.
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Analyzer Problems Analyzer Problems This section lists general problems that you might encounter while using the analyzer. Intermittent data errors This problem is usually caused by poor connections, incorrect signal levels, or marginal timing. ❏ With the logic analyzer and all connected equipment turned off, remove and reseat all cables and probes; ensure that there are no bent pins on the analysis probe or poor probe connections.
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Analyzer Problems Unwanted triggers Unwanted triggers can be caused by instructions that were fetched but not executed. ❏ Add the prefetch queue or pipeline depth to the trigger address. The depth of the prefetch queue depends on the processor that you are analyzing. Suppose you are analyzing a pipelined processor having fetch, decode, execute, and memory stages. The processor fetches 32bit words.
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Analyzer Problems Capacitive loading Excessive capacitive loading can degrade signals, resulting in incorrect capture by the analysis probe, or system lockup in the microprocessor. All analysis probes add additional capacitive loading, as can custom probe fixtures you design for your application. To reduce loading, remove as many pin protectors, extenders, and adapters as possible.
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Analysis Probe Problems Analysis Probe Problems This section lists problems that you might encounter when using an analysis probe. If the solutions suggested here do not correct the problem, you may have a defective analysis probe. Refer to the User's Guide for your analysis probe for test procedures. Contact your local Agilent Technologies Sales Office if you need further assistance.
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Analysis Probe Problems Slow clock If you have the analysis probe hooked up and running and observe a slow clock or no activity from the interface board, the +5 V supply coming from the analyzer may not be getting to the interface board. ❏ To check the +5 V supply coming from the analyzer, disconnect one of the logic analyzer cables from the analysis probe and measure across pins 1 and 2 or pins 39 and 40.
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Analysis Probe Problems Erratic trace measurements There are several general problems that can cause erratic variations in trace lists and inverse assembly failures. ❏ Ensure that the analysis probe configuration switches are correctly set for the measurement you are trying to make. Some analysis probes include configuration switches for various features (for example, to allow dequeueing of the trace list). See your Analysis Probe User's Guide for more information.
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Inverse Assembler Problems Inverse Assembler Problems This section lists problems that you might encounter while using the inverse assembler. When you obtain incorrect inverse assembly results, it may be unclear whether the problem is in the analysis probe or in your target system. If you follow the suggestions in this section to ensure that you are using the analysis probe and inverse assembler correctly, you can proceed with confidence in debugging your target system.
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Inverse Assembler Problems ❏ Ensure that each analyzer pod is connected to the correct analysis probe cable. There is not always a one-to-one correspondence between analyzer pod numbers and analysis probe cable numbers. Analysis probes must supply address (ADDR), data (DATA), and status (STAT) information to the analyzer in a predefined order, so the cable connections for each analysis probe are often altered to support that need.
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Inverse Assembler Problems Inverse assembler will not load or run You need to ensure that you have the correct system software loaded on your analyzer. ❏ Ensure that the inverse assembler is on the same disk as the configuration files you are loading. Configuration files for the state analyzer contain a pointer to the location of the corresponding inverse assembler. If you delete the inverse assembler or move it to another location, the configuration process will fail.
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Error Messages Error Messages This section lists some of the messages that the analyzer displays when it encounters a problem. ". . . Inverse Assembler Not Found" This error occurs if you rename or delete the inverse assembler file that is attached to the configuration file. Ensure that the inverse assembler file is not renamed or deleted, and that it is on the same flexible disk or in the same directory as the configuration file.
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Error Messages "Selected File is Incompatible" This occurs when you try to load a configuration file for the wrong module. Ensure that you are loading a translatable configuration file for your logic analyzer. "Slow or Missing Clock" ❏ This error might occur if the target system is not running properly. Ensure that the target system is on and operating properly. ❏ Check your State clock configuration.
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Error Messages "Must have at least 1 edge specified" You must assign at least one clock edge to one of the available clocks in the clocking arrangement. The analyzer will not let you close the clock assignment pop-up until an edge is specified. "Time correlation of data is not possible" To time-correlate data, the data must be stored with time tags. ❏ Set the Count field in the Analyzer Trigger menu to Time.
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Error Messages "Timer is off in sequence level n where it is used" If you use timers as part of your trigger sequence, you must remember to turn them on using Timer Control in the Sequence Level pop-up menu. ❏ Check that your timers are turned on. The timer status is shown in the right side of the Sequence Level display of the Trigger menu. An "S" means "Start", "P" means "Pause", "C" means "Continue", and "-" means "off".
Troubleshooting the Logic Analyzer Error Messages "Measurement Initialization Error" The logic analyzer failed its internal hardware calibration. ❏ Run the Performance Verification tests. See Also The Agilent Technologies 1670G-Series Logic Analyzers Service Guide for information on running the Performance Verification test. "Warning: Run HALTED due to variable change" This message appears when certain analyzer settings are changed during a repetitive run. When this occurs, the analyzer stops.
13 Specifications 437
Specifications General Information General Information This chapter lists the accessories, specifications and characteristics for the 1670G-series logic analyzers. Accessories The following accessories are supplied with the logic analyzer. You will only be supplied the accessories needed for the model you have. The part numbers are current as of this edition of the User's Guide, but future upgrades may change the part numbers. Do not be concerned if the accessories you receive have different part numbers.
Specifications General Information Note 1 Quantities: 8 - 1670G 6 - 1671G 4 - 1672G 2 - 1673G Note 2 Quantities 4 - 1670G 3 - 1671G 2 - 1672G 1 - 1673G 439
Specifications General Information Specifications (logic analyzer) The specifications are the performance standards against which the product is tested. Refer to the Agilent Technologies 1670G Logic Analyzers Service Guide (available from your Agilent Technologies Sales Office) for testing procedures. Maximum state speed 150 MHz * Minimum state clock pulse width 3.5 ns * Minimum master to master clock time 6.66 ns 3.
Specifications General Information Specifications (oscilloscope option) The specifications are the performance standards against which the 1670G-series logic analyzers oscilloscope is tested. Bandwidth*: dc to 500 MHz (realtime, dc coupled) Time Interval Measurement Accuracy*, **: +/-[(0.005% of ∆t) + (2 x 10-6 * delay setting) + 150 ps] DC Offset Accuracy*: +/-(1.0% of channel offset + 2.0% of full scale) Voltage Measurement Accuracy*: +/-[(1.25% of full scale + offset accuracy) + (0.
Specifications General Information Characteristics (logic analyzer) These characteristics are not specifications, but are included as additional information.
Specifications General Information Characteristics (oscilloscope) The characteristics are not specifications, but are included as additional information. Maximum sample rate Number of channels Rise Time* ADC Vertical resolution Waveform record length Vertical (dc) gain accuracy** Input coupling Input Capacitance 2 Gigasample per second 2 700 ps 8-bit real time 8 bits over 4 vertical divisions (±0.4%) >32,000 points ±1.25% of full scale 1 MΩ: ac and dc, 50 Ω: dc only Approximately 7 pF 0.
Specifications General Information Logic levels Data inputs Clock outputs Clock input Internal clock period TTL, 3-state, TTL/3.3v, 3-state TTL/CMOS, ECL terminated, ECL Unterminated, and differential ECL (without POD) 3-bit pattern - level sensing (clock pod) Synchronized to output data DC to 200 MHz Programmable from 5 ns to 250 us in a 1, 2, 2.
Specifications General Information Supplemental characteristics (logic analyzer) Probes Input resistance Input capacitance Minimum voltage swing Threshold range 100 kΩ, ±2% ~ 1.5-pF 500 mV, peak-to-peak ±6.0 V, adjustable in 50-mV increments, CAT I State analysis State/Clock qualifiers Time tag resolution* Maximum time count between states Maximum state tag count* 1671 - 4; 1672 - 4; 1673 - 2, 8 ns or 0.1%, whichever is greater 34 seconds 4.
Specifications General Information Timing analysis Sample period accuracy Channel-to-channel skew Time interval accuracy 0.01 % of sample period 2 ns, typical ± [sample period + channel-to-channel skew +(0.
Specifications General Information Measurement and display functions Displayed waveforms. 24 lines maximum, with scrolling across 96 waveforms. Measurement functions Run/Stop functions. Run starts acquisition of data in specified trace mode. Stop. In single trace mode or the first run of a repetitive acquisition, Stop halts acquisition and displays the current acquisition data. For subsequent runs in repetitive mode, Stop halts acquisition of data and does not change the current display. Trace mode.
Specifications General Information Data entry/display Labels. Channels may be grouped together and given a 6-character name. Up to 126 labels in each analyzer may be assigned with up to 32 channels per label. Display modes. State Listing, State Waveforms, Chart, Compare Listing, Compare Difference Listing, Timing Waveforms, and Timing Listings. State Listing and Timing Waveforms can be time-correlated on the same displays. Timing waveform. Pattern readout of timing waveforms at X or O marker. Bases.
Specifications General Information Marker functions Time interval. The X and O markers measure the time interval between a point on a timing waveform and the trigger, two points on the same timing waveform, two points on different waveforms, or two states (time tagging on). Delta states (state analyzer only). The X and O markers measure the number of tagged states between one state and trigger or between two states. Patterns.
Specifications General Information Supplemental characteristics (oscilloscope) Vertical (at BNC) Vertical sensitivity range (1:1 Probe) DC offset range ! Probe factors Maximum safe input voltage Channel-to-channel isolation Timebase Range Resolution Delay Pre-trigger Range Delay Post-trigger Range 450 4 mV/div to 10 V/div in 1-2-4 increments Vertical sensitivity Available offset 4mV - 100mV/div ±2V 100mV - 400mV/div ±10V 400mV - 2.5V/div ±50V 2.
Specifications General Information Triggering: Trigger Level Range: Within display window (vertical offset +/- 2 divisions) Trigger Modes: Immediate: Triggers immediately after arming condition is met. Edge: Triggers on rising or falling edge from channel 1 or channel 2. Pattern: Triggers on entering or exiting a specified pattern across two channels. Auto Trigger: Self-triggers if no trigger condition is found within approximately 50 ms after arming.
Specifications General Information Operating environment Temperature Humidity Altitude Vibration 452 Instrument, 0 °C to 55 °C (+32 °F to 131 °F). Probe lead sets and cables, 0 °C to 65 °C (+32 °F to 149 °F). Flexible disk media, 10 °C to 40 °C (+50 °F to 104 °F) Indoor use only. Instrument, probe lead sets, and cables, up to 80% relative humidity at +40 °C (+122 °F). To 3067 m (10,000 ft). Operating: Random vibration 5 to 500 Hz, 10 minutes per axis, ≈ 0.3 g (rms).
14 Operator’s Service 453
Operator’s Service Operator’s Service Operator’s Service This chapter provides information on how to prepare the logic analyzer for use, and contains self-tests and flow charts used for troubleshooting the logic analyzer. The 1670G-Series Logic Analyzers Service Guide contain detailed service procedures. Service guides can be ordered through your Agilent Technologies Sales Office; they are not shipped with the logic analyzer.
Operator’s Service Preparing For Use Preparing For Use This section gives you instructions for preparing the logic analyzer for use. Power requirements The logic analyzer requires a power source of either 115 VAC or 230 VAC, -22 % to +10%, single phase, 48 to 66 Hz, 200 Watts maximum power. Category I: Signal level, telecommunications, electronic. (Seperated from line voltage by transformer, etc). Category II: Local level, appliances, portable equipment (line voltage in appliance and to wall outlet).
Operator’s Service Preparing For Use Storage Store or ship the logic analyzer in environments within the following limits: • Temperature: -40 °C to +75 °C • Humidity: Up to 90% at 65 °C • Altitude: Up to 15,300 meters (50,000 feet) Protect the logic analyzer from temperature extremes which cause condensation on the instrument. To inspect the logic analyzer 1 Inspect the shipping container for damage.
Operator’s Service Preparing For Use 2 Connect the power cord to the instrument and to the power source. This instrument is equipped with a three-wire power cable. When connected to an appropriate ac power outlet, this cable grounds the instrument cabinet. The type of power cable plug shipped with the instrument depends on the country of destination. 3 Turn on the instrument power switch located on the front panel.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting Troubleshooting This section helps you troubleshoot the logic analyzer to find the problem. The troubleshooting consists of flowcharts, self-test instructions, and tests. If you suspect a problem, start at the top of the first flowchart. During the troubleshooting instructions, the flowcharts will direct you to perform other tests. This instrument can be returned to Agilent Technologies for all service work, including troubleshooting.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting To use the flowcharts Flowcharts are the primary tool used to isolate problems in the logic analyzer. The flowcharts refer to other tests to help isolate the trouble. The circled letters on the charts indicate connections with the other flowcharts. Start your troubleshooting at the top of the first flowchart.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Flowchart 2 460
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting To check the power-up tests The logic analyzer automatically performs power-up tests when you apply power to the instrument. The revision number of the operating system shows in the upper-right corner of the screen during these power-up tests. As each test completes, either "passed" or "failed" prints on the screen in front of the name of each test. 1 Disconnect all inputs, then insert a formatted disk into the flexible disk drive.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting To run the self-tests Self-tests identify the correct operation of major functional areas of the analyzer. You can run all self-tests without accessing the interior of the instrument. If a self-test fails, the troubleshooting flowcharts instruct you to change a part of the analyzer. These procedures assume the files on the PV disk have been copied to the /SYSTEM subdirectory on the hard disk drive.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting 4 Press the System key, then select the field next to Sys PV. Select System Test to access the system tests. 5 Select ROM Test. The ROM Test screen is displayed. You can run all tests at one time by running All System Tests. To see more details about each test, you can run each test individually. This example shows how to run an individual test.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting 6 Select Run, then select Single. To run a test continuously, select Repetitive. Select Stop to halt a repetitive test. For a Single run, the test runs one time, and the screen shows the results.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting 7 To exit the ROM Test, select Done. Note that the status changes to PASSED or FAILED. 8 Install a formatted disk that is not write-protected into the flexible disk drive. Connect an RS-232-C loopback connector onto the RS-232-C port. Run the remaining System Tests in the same manner. 9 Select the Front Panel Test. A screen duplicating the front panel appears on the screen. a Press each key on the front panel.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting 10 Select the Display Test. A white grid pattern is displayed. These display screens can be used to adjust the display. a Select Continue and the screen changes to full bright. b Select Continue and the screen changes to half bright. c Select Continue and the test screen shows the Display Test status changed to TESTED. 11 Select Sys PV, then select Analy PV in the pop-up menu. Select Chip 2 Tests.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting 12 In the Chip 2 Tests menu, select Run, then select Single. The test runs one time, then the screen shows the results. When the test is finished, select Done. Then, perform the other Chip Tests. To run a test continuously, select Repetitive. Select Stop to halt a Run Repetitive. 13 Select Board Tests, then select Run. When the Board Tests are finished, select Done.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting 14 Select Data Input Inspection. All lines should show activity. Select Done to exit the Data Input Inspection. 15 If you do not have a 1670G-series logic analyzer with the oscilloscope option, exit the tests by pressing the System key. Select the field to the right of the Sys PV field. Select the Exit Test System. 16 If you have a 1670G-series logic analyzer with the oscilloscope option, select Analy PV, then select Scope PV in the pop up menu. Select Functional Tests.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting 17 Select one of the Scope PV tests. You can run all of the tests at one time by selecting All Tests, or you can run each test individually. For this example, select Data Memory Test. 18 In the Data Memory Test menu, select Run, then select Single. The test runs one time, then the screen shows the results. When the test is finished, select Done. To run a test continuously, select Repetitive. Select Stop to halt a Repetitive Run.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting 19 To exit the tests, press the System key. Select the field to the right of the Sys PV field. 20 Select the Exit Test System. If you are performing the self-tests as part of the troubleshooting flowchart, return to the flowchart.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting To test the auxiliary power The +5 V auxiliary power is protected by a current overload protection device. If the current on pins 1 and 39 exceed 0.33 amps, the circuit will open. When the short is removed, the circuit will reset in approximately 1 minute. There should be +5 V after the 1 minute reset time. Equipment Required Equipment Critical Specifications Digital Multimeter 0.1 mV resolution, better than 0.
Operator’s Service Troubleshooting 472
Section 2 LAN 473
15 Introducing the LAN Interface 475
Introducing the LAN Interface Introducing the LAN Interface Introducing the LAN Interface The Agilent Technologies Logic Analyzer LAN interface lets you connect your logic analyzer to an Ethernet network that uses TCP/IP. With the LAN Interface, you can: • Set up and run measurements using the logic analyzer's XWindow interface. • Copy measurement data from the logic analyzer to your computer using File Transfer Protocol program (ftp) or Network File System (NFS). • Save and restore configurations.
Introducing the LAN Interface Introducing the LAN Interface Supported Protocols.
Introducing the LAN Interface Introducing the LAN Interface LAN section overview The chapters in the LAN section of this User’s Guide shows you how to connect, use, and troubleshoot your logic analyzer via a Local Area Network (LAN) connection. The following is a brief description of each chapter. Connecting and Configuring. Provides information about connecting the logic analyzer to the network. To effectively use this chapter, you should be familiar with your network setup and operation.
16 Connecting and Configuring the LAN 479
Connecting and Configuring the LAN Connecting and Configuring the LAN Connecting and Configuring the LAN In order to use your logic analyzer's network capabilities, you need to connect it to your network and configure the logic analyzer. The following chart shows an overview of the process. Connect Connect the RJ-45 or BNC connector from your network, then turn on the logic analyzer. Configure Setup the configuration menus. Ping Verify connectivity with the ping utility.
Connecting and Configuring the LAN Connecting and Configuring the LAN To connect to your network 1 Turn off the logic analyzer. 2 Connect the analyzer to your network using an RJ-45 or BNC connector. Ethertwist and thinlan are the two most common types of LAN network connection. Ethertwist uses unshielded twisted pair and an RJ-45 connector, and resembles a standard modular phone line. Thinlan uses coaxial cable.
Connecting and Configuring the LAN Connecting and Configuring the LAN To configure the network addresses You can configure the logic analyzer to work with your network from the front panel. Information entered in the configuration menus will be stored in nonvolatile memory. 1 Go to the System External I/O menu and select LAN Settings. a Turn on the analyzer and wait until the power-up tests are complete. b Press the System key. c In the System External I/O menu, select the LAN Settings box.
Connecting and Configuring the LAN Connecting and Configuring the LAN 2 Set up the LAN Settings menu. LAN Settings menu Lan Port . The LAN Port toggles between LAN TP and LAN BNC. Set it to whichever type you are using for the connection. Analyzer IP Address. TCP/IP uses the Internet Protocol (IP) Address for communication between network nodes and requires this entry. Each IP address on a network must be unique - contact your system administrator if you need to have one created for the logic analyzer.
Connecting and Configuring the LAN Connecting and Configuring the LAN File Timeout. This is not the same as the network timeout, which is set on the computer. The logic analyzer file timeout is how long the analyzer keeps a file in the active portion of memory. For slow network connections, a large file timeout decreases the total time for a file transfer. Too high a file timeout for a fast network connection can actually slow file transfers because too much is in active memory.
Connecting and Configuring the LAN Connecting and Configuring the LAN To verify connectivity with the ping utility Use the ping utility to verify that the logic analyzer is on your network. Refer to your network documentation for the exact syntax. • UNIX ping [IP address|symbolic name] • MS-DOS ping [IP address|symbolic name] • MS Windows For a Windows environment, select the ping icon in your network menu. Refer to your network documentation for more information about using the ping utility.
Connecting and Configuring the LAN Connecting and Configuring the LAN To mount the logic analyzer NOTE: Before Mounting You need to wait at least 15 seconds after the Analyzer Configuration menu is displayed before attempting to mount. If you try to mount too soon, you will receive an error message. You can mount the logic analyzer on your network for two different levels of use, control or data. The logic analyzer accommodates one control user and multiple data users.
Connecting and Configuring the LAN Connecting and Configuring the LAN • UNIX For UNIX, use your network's command for an NFS mount. For example: mount [analyzer name:]/[control|data][mount point] Some UNIX workstations will not accept a straight IP address. You must add an aliased name for the logic analyzer to the host file, then use that name in your mount command. Refer to your network documentation for more information.
Connecting and Configuring the LAN Connecting and Configuring the LAN 488
17 Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN 489
Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN This chapter shows you how to: NOTE: • Mount the file system via NFS. • Access the file system via ftp. This chapter assumes that the logic analyzer is physically connected to your local area network. If it is not connected, refer to Chapter 1 for information on how to connect the system. Control User vs.
Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN To mount the file system via NFS NOTE: The logic analyzer must be on and completely booted up before you can mount the file system. Once power is applied and the Analyzer Configuration menu is displayed, allow an additional 15 seconds before attempting to mount the system. NOTE: Be sure to unmount the logic analyzer's file system before turning off the logic analyzer.
Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN Example Mounting the logic analyzer on a UNIX computer To mount the analyzer named "1670G_1" as the control user to a directory on your computer named /logic, enter the following command at the UNIX command line: mount 1670G_1:/control /logic After you have entered this command, you will be able to see the logic analyzer's file system under the /logic directory on your computer.
Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN From Computers Running the MS-DOS Operating System NOTE: To use the logic analyzer interface in an MS-DOS environment, you need to install a program on your PC that allows you to use NFS protocol. One such program is PC-NFS by SunSoft Inc. To mount the logic analyzer file system from a PC running MS-DOS, you must create a logical drive that points to it.
Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN From Computers Running MS Windows NT NOTE: To use the logic analyzer in an MS Windows NT environment, you need to install a program on your PC that allows you to use NFS protocol. One such program is PC-NFS by SunSoft Inc. To mount the logic analyzer's file system from a PC running MS Windows NT, use the Network Connections menu in the Disk options of File Manager.
Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN 3 In the Path field, type the name of the server that the logic analyzer system is mounted on, followed by the analyzer's name or IP address. At the end of the path, specify which kind of connection you would like to establish, either "control" or "data".
Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System Using the LAN To access the file system via ftp To access the logic analyzer's file system using ftp, enter the following command on your computer: ftp [symbolic name|IP address] The symbolic name is the host name of the logic analyzer as set up by your system administrator. Typically, this name is found in the hosts file on your computer or returned by a name server.
18 Using the LAN’s X Window Interface 497
Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Using the LAN’s X Window Interface This chapter shows you how to: • Start the interface. • Close the interface. • Load the custom fonts. Using the Mouse and Keyboard Once you have started the XWindow interface and are displaying it on your computer running the Xserver, you can use your computer's keyboard and mouse to control the logic analyzer interface in the same way you use the logic analyzer's keyboard and mouse.
Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Using the LAN’s X Window Interface To start the interface from the front panel From the Logic Analyzer Front Panel 1 Start the Xserver software on your host computer. 2 On your Xserver, enable analyzer-initiated windows. Most Xserver packages have a security feature which stops unwanted client-initiated windows from being displayed.
Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Using the LAN’s X Window Interface 4 In the X-Window Settings menu that pops up, enter the IP address of the XWindows server, the display number, and the screen number. These values are saved for the next time you initiate an X Window. The display number and the screen number are usually 0. The display number is not zero when you have multiple displays. For some workstations, screen number 1 is a black-and-white screen. 5 Select Done, then select Connect.
Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Using the LAN’s X Window Interface To start the interface from the computer 1 On your Xserver, enable analyzer-initiated windows. Most Xserver packages have a security feature which stops unwanted client-initiated windows from being displayed.
Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Example Pseudo telnet method using a UNIX computer To enable windows to be initiated from the logic analyzer named lp1670G, enter the following command on the computer running the Xserver : xhost +lp1670G To connect to the command parser socket of the logic analyzer named lp1670G, enter: telnet lp1670G 5025 NOTE: Agilent Technologies logic analyzers are not telnet servers.
Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Example ftp method using a UNIX computer File transfer protocol (ftp) can be used to start the X Window interface from either a UNIX computer or a PC. The logic analyzer is named lp1670G in this example. You will need to start the X server software on a PC and may need to enable the analyzer-initiated window.
Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Using the LAN’s X Window Interface To close the interface From the XWindow Interface or Front Panel 1 Go to the System External I/O menu. 2 Select the Disconnect field. The interface on your Xserver closes, and the Disconnect field changes to Connect. From a Remote Computer • Send the XWIN OFF programming command to the logic analyzer. NOTE: Note that simply closing the window that the interface is running in may leave the logic analyzer hung up.
Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Using the LAN’s X Window Interface To load the custom fonts 1 From the computer running your Xserver software, access the logic analyzer's file system. Refer to the "Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System" chapter. 2 Copy the SM165.BDF and LG165.BDF files from the analyzer's \system\disk\hard\system directory to a directory on your computer. 3 Set up the Xserver so that it can read these fonts.
Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Example Loading the fonts using ftp and UNIX Suppose you have a UNIX computer running your Xserver software. Go to the directory where you want to install the custom fonts. As the data user, ftp to the analyzer and copy SM165.BDF and LG165.BDF from the \system\disk\hard\system directory to your computer. ftp lp1670G 220 Agilent 1670G V01.00 FUSION FTP server (Version 3.3) ready. Name (lp1670G:guest): data 230 User DATA logged in.
Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Close the analyzer's XWindow interface and re-start it. You should now see the same fonts that are used on the logic analyzer's front panel display. The xset commands must either be repeated each time X is restarted or the fonts must be installed in the default X11 font directory, typically found in /usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc. This directory is usually protected, so your system administrator may have to perform the installation.
Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Using the LAN’s X Window Interface Additional Information Color The X Window that appears on your X Server is in color. If another application such as a Web browser is using many colors, the X Window may be unreadable when it appears. If so, close the X Window, free some colors by closing another application, and restart the X Window. Computers that are configured to support only 16 colors will substitute for some default colors.
19 Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN 509
Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN This chapter shows you how to: • Copy ASCII measurement data. • Copy raw measurement data. • Restore raw measurement data. • Copy screen images from \system\graphics. • Copy status information from \status. • Copy configurations from the logic analyzer. • Restore configurations to the logic analyzer.
Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN To copy ASCII measurement data 1 Set up the measurement you want to make, and run the analyzer to acquire data. For more information on setting up measurements, see the Logic Analyzer section of this book. 2 Access the logic analyzer's file system. Refer to the chapter "Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System".
Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN To copy raw measurement data 1 Set up the measurement you want to make, and run the analyzer to acquire data. For more information on setting up measurements, see the Logic Analyzer section of this book. You can set up and run the measurement from the analyzer's XWindow interface or front panel, or by programming the analyzer. 2 Access the logic analyzer's file system.
Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN To restore raw measurement data 1 Access the analyzer's file system as the control user. Refer to the chapter "Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System". 2 Copy the data.raw file to the appropriate \slot_{x} directory. For analyzer data, this would be the \slot_a directory. For oscilloscope data, it would be \slot_b.
Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN To copy screen images from \system\graphics 1 Access the logic analyzer's file system. Refer to the chapter "Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System". 2 Set up the screen you want to copy. 3 Copy the screen image file from the \system\graphics directory. The \system\graphics directory contains the following files: NOTE: • screen.tif - a color TIFF file, in TIFF version 5.0 format. • screenbw.
Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN To copy status information from \status 1 Access the logic analyzer's file system. Refer to the chapter "Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System". 2 Copy the appropriate file from the \status directory. The \status directory contains the following ASCII files: Example • system.txt - shows whether the analyzer is running or stopped.
Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN Example An example frame.txt file: Analyzer name: LP LAN Analyzer Slot ====== CPU slot_a Example Module Name =========== System Analyzer Code Version ============ V01.00 V01.00 Card ID Code ============ 032 An example mount.txt file: Analyzer name: LP LAN Analyzer Hostname UID ======== ====== FTP:(15.6.253.
Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN To copy configurations from setup.raw 1 Set up the configuration. You can do this from the XWindow interface or from the front panel. 2 Access the logic analyzer's file system. Refer to the chapter "Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System". 3 Copy the setup.raw file from the appropriate directory. For system configurations, the appropriate directory is \system .
Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN Retrieving and Restoring Data Using the LAN To restore configurations 1 Access the logic analyzer's file system as the control user. Refer to the chapter "Accessing the Logic Analyzer File System". 2 Copy the setup.raw file to the appropriate directory. For system configurations, this would be the \system directory. For analyzer configurations, this would be the \slot_a directory. For oscilloscope configurations, it would be the \slot_b directory.
20 Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN 519
Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN You can program the logic analyzer over the Local Area Network (LAN) by sending commands to the \system\program file or by sending commands to the command parser socket. This chapter shows you how to: • Set up for Ethernet programming. • Enter commands directly using telnet. • Write programs that open the command parser socket.
Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN To set up for Ethernet LAN programming Before you can send programming commands to the logic analyzer via the LAN, you must set the controller to Ethernet. 1 In the System External I/O menu, select the Connected To: field in the Controller box. 2 Select Ethernet from the pop-up menu.
Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN To enter commands directly using telnet The syntax of the telnet command is: telnet [symbolic name|IP address] 5025 The symbolic name is the host name of the logic analyzer as set up by your system administrator. Typically, this name is found in the hosts file or returned by a name server. It is equivalent to the logic analyzer's IP address.
Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN Example Programming the logic analyzer over a telnet connection To connect to the logic analyzer named 1670sys, enter: $ telnet 1670sys 5025 The computer responds with: Trying... Connected to 1670sys.col.hp.com. Escape character is '^]'. The connection was successful. Because the analyzer does not provide a prompt, start entering programming commands.
Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN To write programs that open the command parser socket The command parser socket of the logic analyzer is 5025. Connection to the command parser socket is, by definition, a control user connection. Because only one control user connection is allowed, you will not be able to open the command parser socket if someone else is accessing the logic analyzer's file system as the control user.
Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN /* Create an endpoint for communication */ sockfd = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ); /* Initiate a connection on the created socket */ connect(sockfd,(tdSOCKET_ADDR *)&serv_addr, sizeof (serv_addr)); /* Send a message from the created socket */ send ( sockfd, cmdString, strlen ( cmdString ), 0 ); /* Receive a message from the 16500B socket */ recv(sockfd,receiveBuffer,sizeof(receiveBuffer),0 ); printf ( "%s\n", recei
Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN Programming the Logic Analyzer Using the LAN 526
21 LAN Concepts 527
LAN Concepts LAN Concepts LAN Concepts This chapter describes: • Directory structure of the logic analyzer's file system • Dynamic files • New fields in the logic analyzer's system menus 528
LAN Concepts LAN Concepts Directory structure of the logic analyzer's file system Logic Analyzer Directory Structure setup.raw. Binary configuration files. You can save and restore configurations by copying these files. \slot_x. Analyzer and oscilloscope subdirectories. All 1670G-series logic analyzers have a \slot_a directory for the state/timing analyzer. The 1670G-series with the oscilloscope option also have a \slot_b directory for the oscilloscope. \slot_x\data.raw. Binary measurement data files.
LAN Concepts LAN Concepts \system\graphics. Image files for the current screen in TIFF, PCX, and Encapsulated PostScript formats. \status. Status information. The directory structure of the logic analyzer is fixed. You cannot create or delete directories or files except under the local hard and flexible disk directories. Analyzer (\slot_a) Subdirectories and Files The slot_a directory contains a subdirectory called data.asc that contains ASCII measurement data.
LAN Concepts LAN Concepts Label Data Files: \slot_a\data.asc\{analyzer name}\{label}.txt. Both analyzer subdirectories contain files corresponding to the labels you have set up in that analyzer's Format Menu. These files contain the current measurement data for the channels assigned to each label. Both state and timing data are available, and both kinds of data are represented as a column of values. The numeric base ƒ hex, binary, etc.
LAN Concepts LAN Concepts Dynamic files The logic analyzer's file system uses dynamic files for configuration information and data. This means that applications such as File Manager or a spreadsheet cannot determine the size of the files until they are retrieved. When you view the file statistics for these files, you will see file sizes of 0 bytes or 1 byte. The 0-byte size indicates that the file is empty. The 1byte size indicates that there is information in the file.
LAN Concepts LAN Concepts LAN-related fields in the logic analyzer's menus When your logic analyzer has LAN, several additional menu choices are available. These fields allow you to set up your LAN port and configure the logic analyzer. Controller Connection You can set your logic analyzer to be controlled over the network. In the System External I/O menu, when you select the Connected To: field in the controller box the choices are now GPIB, RS-232C, and Ethernet.
LAN Concepts LAN Concepts Time Zone Field With LAN, a field labeled "Time Zone" appears in the Real Time Clock setup menu. The Real Time Clock setup menu is accessed by selecting the Real Time Clock Adjustments field in the System Utilities menu. This field enables you to specify the time difference between your local time and Greenwich Mean Time (Universal Coordinated Time) for network operations. The Time Zone value can be varied from -12 to +12.
22 Troubleshooting the LAN Connection 535
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the LAN Connection This chapter provides troubleshooting information for the LAN connection.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection Getting the logic analyzer to work with your network often requires detailed knowledge of your local network software. This section attempts to help you with some common problems, but because of the wide variety of network software available it cannot cover all problems you may encounter. Assess the problem The LAN interface does not need or include any utilities or proprietary driver software.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection Packets routinely lost If packets are routinely lost, proceed to the troubleshooting section in this chapter relating to your network. Problems transferring or copying files Copying files out of the logic analyzer • If you have problems copying files out of the logic analyzer, you might be experiencing timeout problems. See the timeout section on the previous page.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection • Have any configuration files been modified? • Have any of the following files been deleted or overwritten? UNIX: /etc/hosts /etc/inetd.conf /etc/services PCs: dependent network files If you know or suspect that something has changed on your network, check the changes and adjust the configuration for the LAN interface using the procedures in Chapter 1.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection Troubleshooting in a workstation environment 1 Verify the communications link. Verify the communications link between the computer and the logic analyzer remote file server using the ping utility. ping [hostname|IP Address] 64 10 Hostname is the name assigned to the logic analyzer remote file server in the node names database (usually /etc/hosts). Most workstation platforms permit an IP address to be used in place of hostname.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection • Error Messages If error messages appear, then check the command syntax before continuing with the troubleshooting. If the syntax is correct, then resolve the error messages using your network documentation. If an unknown host error message appears, then check the node names database (usually /etc/hosts) to see that the hostname and IP address are correctly entered.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection Troubleshooting in an MS-DOS environment 1 Verify the communications link. Verify the communications link between the PC and the logic analyzer using the ping utility or other similar echo request utility. To aid in troubleshooting, go to the Ethernet Statistics menu under LAN Settings on the logic analyzer. You can view transmit and receive activity on this menu.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection • Error Messages If error messages appear, then check the command syntax before continuing with the troubleshooting. If the syntax is correct, then resolve the error messages using your NFS documentation. Certain PC-based NFS software packages permit the use of hostname in place of the IP address.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection Troubleshooting in an MS Windows environment 1 Verify the communications link. Verify the communications link between the PC and the logic analyzer using the ping utility or other similar echo request utility. To aid in troubleshooting, go to the Ethernet Statistics menu under LAN Settings on the logic analyzer. You can view transmit and receive activity on this menu.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection • Error Messages If error messages appear, then check the command syntax before continuing with the troubleshooting. If the syntax is correct, then resolve the error messages using your NFS documentation. Certain NFS software packages permit the use of hostname in place of the IP address.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection Verify the logic analyzer performance The logic analyzer performance verification (self-test) is divided into two sections. The first section tests the physical connections such as the cable and termination. The second section tests the internal functions of the LAN interface. When both sections of the self-test have finished, a status message appears in the LAN Test field.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection Procedure This procedure verifies the performance of the LAN interface. To check logic analyzer performance, refer to the logic analyzer's Service Guide. 1 Go to the System External I/O menu. 2 Verify that the LAN Settings box and the X-Window box are available. If these boxes appear, go to the next step. If the boxes are not there, then the LAN interface is not properly installed.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection 9 Exit the Test System. a Select System Test, then select Exit Test from the pop up. b Select Exit Test System. Status Number When you run the LAN Test, the test menu reports a status number. The following figure shows the bit positions of the hexidecimal status word. A "1" in a bit position signifies that the bit is set and the test failed. A "0" in a bit position signifies that the bit is not set and the test passed.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection The following table describes each bit in the status number. Status Bits Bit 0 The internal registers of the LAN IC are loaded with known test values and then are read. If this bit is not set, it implies that the LAN IC is operating properly and that the microprocessor can communicate with the LAN IC. If this bit is set, then the LAN module is not operational and must be replaced.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection Status Bits (continued) Status Bits Bit 6 The TRANS (Transceiver, such as Ethernet transceiver) bit indicates whether the circuitry between the LAN IC and the LAN cable is functioning. If this bit is not set, then the path between the LAN cable and the LAN IC is operating properly. If this bit is set, then either the CPU board or the I/O board must be replaced. Bit 7 Timeout bit.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection Network Status Information The Ethernet Statistics menu supports network troubleshooting through the front-panel. To access the Ethernet Statistics menu: 1 Go to the System External I/O menu. 2 Select LAN Settings 3 Select Ethernet Statistics from the bottom of the pop-up menu. See the Ethernet Statistics information on the next page for the meaning of the various fields.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Troubleshooting the Initial Connection Information on the Ethernet Statistics menu Status Bits Ether Address The logic analyzer's Ethernet address. This value is set by the factory and cannot be changed. Subnet Mask The subnet mask being used by the logic analyzer. The logic analyzer queries the network for this value when it is turned on. The value cannot be changed. Transmit Successful Number of successfully transmitted packets.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Solutions to Common Problems Solutions to Common Problems This section describes common problems you may encounter when using the logic analyzer LAN. It assumes you have been able to connect to the logic analyzer in the past. If this is not so, refer to the previous section first.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Solutions to Common Problems If you cannot mount the logic analyzer file system If you get a "device busy" message: ❏ Make sure that another user is not already accessing the file system as the control user or connected to the command parser socket. If you get a "stale NFS file handle" message: ❏ Unmount the file system and try mounting again. The likely cause of this error is turning off power to the logic analyzer before unmounting.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Solutions to Common Problems If you get an "already mounted" or "no more mounts available" message: ❏ If you are trying to access the file system as the control user, try accessing the file system as the data user instead. If another user is currently accessing the logic analyzer file system as the control user, you will not be able to access the file system as the control user.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Solutions to Common Problems If you cannot copy files from the logic analyzer If you can only copy a few bytes of a file: ❏ Copy the file of interest to your PC or workstation, and use the new, local copy as your working copy. Some applications cannot work directly with the dynamic files from the logic analyzer. ❏ If you are on a UNIX workstation, try using dd instead of cp. If you cannot restore raw files If the setup.raw and data.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Solutions to Common Problems If you get an "operation timed-out" message ❏ Check the LAN connection between the computer and logic analyzer. Refer to "If you cannot connect to the logic analyzer" in this section. ❏ Increase the file time-out value on your PC or workstation. If the logic analyzer begins to operate slowly The logic analyzer may operate more slowly if multiple users are trying to use the system at the same time. ❏ Check the number of network connections.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Solutions to Common Problems If all else fails ❏ Contact your system administrator. ❏ If you still cannot solve the problem, contact an Agilent Technologies Service Center for repair information.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Getting Service Support Getting Service Support This section provides information about support services. Return to Agilent service The benchtop logic analyzers default to return to Agilent Technologies service. With return to Agilent Technologies service, you return the equipment to your nearest Agilent Technologies service center for repair. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies pays for parts and labor needed for repair.
Troubleshooting the LAN Connection Getting Service Support 560
Section 3 Symbol Utility 561
23 Symbol Utility Introduction 563
Symbol Utility Introduction Symbol Utility Introduction Symbol Utility Introduction The Symbol Utility provides you with a new way to view your logic analysis data. The Symbol Utility maps trace data onto meaningful, symbolic names. The symbols can include variable names, procedure or function names, and source file names and line numbers.
Symbol Utility Introduction Symbol Utility Introduction Supported Symbol File Formats The Symbol Utility will support OMF files in the following formats: ELF/DWARF. This OMF is a portable format consisting of ELF (Executable and Linkable Format) and DWARF (Debugging Information Format) for various processors, including Intel 80960, PowerPC, and MIPS. GPA. The General-Purpose ASCII file format, which can be used to provide symbols for an Object Module Format which is not explicitly supported.
Symbol Utility Introduction Symbol Utility Introduction OMF86. This OMF is produced by language tools for Intel 80x86 series and Pentium microprocessors running in real mode only. OMF96. This OMF is produced by language tools for the Intel 80196 family of processors. TI-COFF. This OMF is produced by language tools for Texas Instruments microprocessors.
Symbol Utility Introduction Symbol Utility Introduction Symbol Utility section overview The chapters in the Symbol Utility section of this User’s Guide provides a detailed description of the features. The following is a brief description of each chapter. Getting Started. Describes how to locate the menus associated with the Symbol Utility. Using the Symbol Utility. Describes how to use the Symbol Utility to perform common tasks like triggering on an OMF symbol. Features and Functions.
Symbol Utility Introduction Symbol Utility Introduction 568
24 Getting Started with the Symbol Utility 569
Getting Started with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with the Symbol Utility You can use the OMF Symbol Load menu to load Object Module Format (OMF) symbol files into the analyzer. Once you have loaded the files, you can view the symbols in the Listing and Waveform menus. You can use the OMF Symbol browser menu to create trigger conditions for your logic analyzer. See Also The Logic Analyzer Training Kit for information on how to use the logic analyzer interface.
Getting Started with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with the Symbol Utility To Access the Symbol File Load Menu To begin working with symbols in the logic analyzer, you need to load symbol files into the system. The OMF Symbol Load menu is used to do this. There are two ways to access this menu. Method 1: Using the Module Field 1 Select the Module field in the top left corner of the display. If you are working with system-level menus, this field will say "System." 2 Choose Symbols from the pop-up.
Getting Started with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with the Symbol Utility 3 Select the Specify Database field in the Symbol menu.
Getting Started with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with the Symbol Utility Method 2: Using the Symbol Field in the Format Menu 1 Go to the Analyzer Format menu. 2 In the Format menu, select the Symbols field. 3 In the Symbols pop-up, select the large field at the top of the display. Choose OMF Symbol Table from the pop-up.
Getting Started with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with the Symbol Utility The OMF Symbol Load menu appears. Use this menu to load an Object Module Format (OMF) file into the logic analyzer.
Getting Started with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with the Symbol Utility To Access the Symbol Browser 1 Go to the Analyzer Trigger menu. 2 Set the base for the label that you want to work with to "symbol." 3 Select a trigger term corresponding to the label and pattern term that you want to use. 4 In the Symbol pop-up menu, select the large field at the top of the pop-up and choose OMF Symbol Table from the pop-up menu.
Getting Started with the Symbol Utility Getting Started with the Symbol Utility The OMF Symbol Browser menu appears. Use this menu to select an OMF symbol as a trigger term.
25 Using the Symbol Utility 577
Using the Symbol Utility To generate a symbol file In order to view symbols from your software in the Listing or Waveform menus of the logic analyzer, you need to create a symbol file in one of the formats that are supported by the Symbol Utility. If your language tools cannot generate an OMF symbol file which is compatible with the Symbol utility, you may create a symbol file in the General-Purpose ASCII (GPA) file format.
Using the Symbol Utility To Load a Symbol File 1 Access the OMF Symbol Load menu. There are two methods available to access this menu. See "To Access the Symbol File Load Menu," on page 571 for more information. 2 Select the disk drive that contains the symbol file. 3 Select the Label field and choose the label that you want to map the OMF symbols to. Typically, you will use the ADDR label for your system address bus.
Using the Symbol Utility 4 Select the OMF File field. In the pop-up, turn the knob to highlight the desired file name. Select the Select field to choose the file. If necessary, use the knob and the Select field to choose a different directory. 5 Select the Load field, then select Done.
Using the Symbol Utility The symbol file is loaded into the analyzer. You can load several symbol files into the analyzer. When you load a symbol file, a database file is created by the logic analyzer. Database files have an extension ".ns". If your OMF file was loaded from the hard disk drive, the database file will appear in the same subdirectory as your OMF file.
Using the Symbol Utility To Display Symbols in the Trace List 1 Load the appropriate symbol file. 2 Display the trace listing in the Listing menu of the logic analyzer. 3 Select the base of the ADDR label. If you have loaded the OMF symbols into a label other than ADDR, select the base for that label. 4 Choose Symbol from the base pop-up field.
Using the Symbol Utility To Trigger on a Symbol You must load a symbol file into the analyzer before you can trigger on OMF symbols. 1 Go to the Trigger Menu. 2 Set the base of the label that you want to specify a trigger term with to Symbol. Typically, you will use the ADDR label. 3 Select a trigger term that you want to use. The trigger term is the field that corresponds to the term column on the left side of the display, and the label row in the center of the display.
Using the Symbol Utility 4 In the pop-up menu, select the User Symbol Table field. Choose OMF Symbol Table. 5 Use the knob to scroll through the list of symbols and pick the one that you want. Select Done. The trigger term is now defined as one of your OMF symbols. 6 Use the symbol term in the trigger specification to trigger the logic analyzer.
Using the Symbol Utility To View a List of Symbol Files Currently Loaded into the System 1 Access the OMF Symbol Load menu. There are two methods available to access this menu. See "To Access the Symbol File Load Menu" on page 571 for more information. 2 Select the Current Loaded Files field, in the bottom left corner of the display. A list of the symbol files that are currently loaded is displayed. 3 Select Done to return to the OMF Symbol Table menu.
Using the Symbol Utility To Remove a Symbol File From the System 1 Access the OMF Symbol Load menu. There are two methods available to access this menu. See "To Access the Symbol File Load Menu" page 571 for more information. 2 Select the Current Loaded Files field, in the bottom left corner of the display. A list of the symbol files that are currently loaded is displayed. 3 Highlight the file name that you want to delete. 4 Select Delete to remove the symbol file from the system.
26 Symbol Utility Features and Functions 587
Symbol Utility Features and Functions Symbol Utility Features and Functions Symbol Utility Features and Functions The Symbol Utility adds two main menus to your logic analyzer. They are the Symbol File Load menu and the Symbol Browser menu. This chapter describes the features and functions of both of these menus. The symbol utility also provides a General-Purpose ASCII (GPA) symbol file format that you can use if your language tool chain does not produce OMF files in one of the supported formats.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol File Load Menu The OMF Symbol File Load Menu The OMF Symbol Load menu is used to load the OMF files containing the symbols that you want into the logic analyzer.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol File Load Menu OMF File Field The OMF File field is used to select the OMF file that you would like to load into the system. When you initially access the OMF Symbol Table menu, the OMF File field will be blank. To use this field, select it. A File Selection pop-up menu appears. The pop-up menu shows you a list of files at the root of the drive that is currently selected in the Drive field.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol File Load Menu Label Field Use this field to specify the data label that the symbols will correspond to. In most cases you will use the ADDR label, since you will be loading symbols into the system that correspond to the address bits of the processor that you are working with. If you would like to load symbols that correspond to another label, select this field then choose the label that you want to use from the pop-up menu.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol File Load Menu Load Field Select this field to load the symbol file into the logic analyzer. During the load process, a symbol database file with a ".ns" extension will be created by the Symbol Utility. You can load multiple symbol databases into the system at the same time. One .ns database file will be created for each symbol file that you load. If the OMF symbol file is loaded from the hard disk drive, the .
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol File Load Menu Current Loaded Files Field Select this field to view a list of the symbol files that are currently loaded. The Loaded Database Files pop-up menu provides a Delete field that you can use to remove a symbol database. Use the knob to highlight the symbol file that you want to remove. Select the Delete field to remove the file.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol File Load Menu Section Relocation Option The Section Relocation option allows you to add offset values to the symbols in an OMF file. Use this option if some of the sections or segments of your code is relocated in memory at run-time. This can occur if your system dynamically loads parts of your code, so that the memory addresses that the code is loaded into are not fixed.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol File Load Menu Set Absolute Section Location Use this option to set an absolute address for the start of the selected section, when you know the run-time address of the section. Offset This Section Use this option to add an offset to the start of the selected section, when you know the relocation offset of the section. The value entered will be added to the section address that was contained in the OMF file.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol Browser Menu The OMF Symbol Browser Menu The OMF Symbol Browser menu allows you to browse through the symbols that have been loaded into the analyzer. You can use the symbols as trigger terms in the Trigger menu. Search features and wildcard characters are available to help you find the symbols that you want.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol Browser Menu Symbol Type Selection Field (User vs. OMF) This field allows you to choose between the two types of symbols available in the logic analyzer. The choices are: • "User Symbols," corresponding to the symbols that you can define in the Format menu, and • "OMF Symbols," corresponding to the symbols in an OMF symbol file that you have loaded using the Symbol Utility.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol Browser Menu Find Field Use this field to locate particular symbols in the symbol databases that you would like to use in a trigger specification. When you first access the OMF Symbol Table menu, the Find field will display an asterisk (*). The asterisk is a wildcard character that you can use in browsing the symbol database for the symbol that you want. To begin using this field, select it, type in the name of a file or symbol, then select Done.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol Browser Menu Question mark wildcard (?) If you are using a keyboard to control your logic analyzer, you can use the question mark wildcard character. A question mark represents "any single character." You can use more than one question mark in a symbol database search; for example, "?ector?num" is a valid search string. Example Your symbol database contains many symbols that have names such as "sym1," "sym17," and "sym20.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol Browser Menu Browse Results Display This area of the display shows you a list of the symbols that satisfy the search criteria that you have specified. Depending on the mode selected in the large field at the bottom of the display, the browse results display will show file names and line numbers, or the symbol names. The field can be scrolled to view additional symbols that are offscreen.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol Browser Menu Align to xx Byte Option Most processors do not fetch instructions from memory on byte boundaries. In order to trigger a logic analyzer on a symbol at an oddnumbered address, the address must be masked off. The "Align to Byte" option allows you to mask off an address. Example The symbol "main" occurs at address 100F. The processor being probed is a 68040, which fetches instructions on long word (4-byte) boundaries.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol Browser Menu Offset Option The Offset option allows you to add an offset value to the starting point of the symbol that you want to use as a trigger term. You might do this in order to trigger on a point in a function that is beyond the preamble of the function, or to trigger on a point that is past the prefetch depth of the processor. Setting an offset helps to avoid false triggers in these situations.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol Browser Menu Context Display The Context display, just below the Find field, indicates the original OMF source file for the symbol that is currently highlighted in the Browse Results display. A: indicates the flexible disk drive. C: indicates the hard disk drive. Some OMF formats, such as IEEE-695, provide information about the path name of the original source files.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The OMF Symbol Browser Menu Symbol Mode Field The OMF symbols can be viewed in one of two formats: • as global and local symbols, or • as source file names with line numbers Select the large field at the bottom of the display to toggle between the two modes. Symbols appear in the trace listing in the format that is selected here. When the "View Globals and Locals" mode is selected, the browse results are displayed as symbolic names.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The General-Purpose ASCII File Format The General-Purpose ASCII File Format The Symbol Utility supports a General-Purpose ASCII (GPA) file format. If your language tool chain does not produce one of the supported file types, you can create a GPA file to define symbols for the Symbol Utility. You can also use a GPA file to define symbols which are not included in a supported OMF file.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The General-Purpose ASCII File Format Creating a GPA Symbol File You can create a GPA symbol file using any text editor that supports ASCII format text. Each entry in the file you create must consist of a symbol name followed by an address or address range. Each symbol name is a string of ASCII characters. The string can be very long, but the logic analyzer will truncate the string and use only the first 16 characters.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The General-Purpose ASCII File Format GPA File Format A GPA file can be divided into records using record headers. The different records allow you to specify different kinds of symbols, with differing characteristics. A GPA file can contain any of the following kinds of records: • Sections • Functions • Variables • Source line numbers • Start address The different kinds of symbols available are explained in the following sections.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The General-Purpose ASCII File Format Example Here is a GPA file that contains several different kinds of records. [SECTIONS] prog 00001000..0000101F data 40002000..40009FFF common FFFF0000..FFFF1000 [FUNCTIONS] main 00001000..00001009 test 00001010..0000101F [VARIABLES] total 40002000 4 value 40008000 4 [SOURCE LINES] File: main.c 10 00001000 11 00001002 14 0000100A 22 0000101E File: test.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The General-Purpose ASCII File Format Sections Format [SECTIONS] section_name start..end attribute Use SECTIONS to define symbols for regions of memory, such as sections, segments, or classes. section_name A symbol representing the name of the section. start The first address of the section, in hexadecimal. end The last address of the section, in hexadecimal.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The General-Purpose ASCII File Format Example NOTE: [SECTIONS] prog data display_io 00001000..00001FFF 00002000..00003FFF 00008000..0000801F NONRELOC If you use section definitions in a GPA symbol file, any subsequent function or variable definitions must fall within the address ranges of one of the defined sections. Those functions and variables that do not will be ignored by the Symbol Utility.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The General-Purpose ASCII File Format Functions Format [FUNCTIONS] func_name start..end Use FUNCTIONS to define symbols for program functions, procedures, or subroutines. func_name A symbol representing the function name. start The first address of the function, in hexadecimal. end The last address of the function, in hexadecimal. Example [FUNCTIONS] main 00001000..00001009 test 00001010..
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The General-Purpose ASCII File Format Variables Format [VARIABLES] var_name var_name start [size] start..end You can specify symbols for variables, using the address of the variable, the address and the size of the variable, or a range of addresses occupied by the variable. If you give only the address of a variable, the size is assumed to be 1 byte. var_name A symbol representing the variable name. start The first address of the variable, in hexadecimal.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The General-Purpose ASCII File Format Source Line Numbers Format [SOURCE LINES] File: file_name line# address Use SOURCE LINES to associate addresses with lines in your source files. file_name The name of a file. line# The number of a line in the file, in decimal. address The address of the source line, in hexadecimal. Example [SOURCE LINES] File: main.
Symbol Utility Features and Functions The General-Purpose ASCII File Format Start Address Format [START ADDRESS]address address The address of the program entry point, in hexadecimal. Example [START ADDRESS] 00001000 Comments Format #comment text Any text following a # character is ignored by the Symbol Utility and can be used to comment the file. Comments can appear on a line by themselves, or on the same line, following a symbol entry.
Index Symbols * character, 598 .
Index Label vs.
Index Done key, 26 drive name, 493, 494 dynamic files, 517, 532 problems with SUN operating systems, 532 E edge terms, 395 Encapsulated PostScript files, 514 ENDEC (Encoder/Decoder) bit, 549 error messages, 432 Device Timeout, 537 File Timeout, 537 in MS Windows, 544 in MS-DOS, 543 in workstations, 541 unknown host, 541, 542, 545 error messages from ping in MS-, 542 in MS Windows, 544 in MS-DOS, 542 Ethernet setting up communications, 521 Ethernet LAN interface, 286 Ethernet statistics, 288 Ethernet Statis
Index in MS-DOS, 542 in workstations, 540 hue setting, 294 I illegal configuration, 296 instrument, cleaning the, 627 interleave trace lists, 129 intermittent response from ping in MS Windows, 545 in MS-DOS, 543 in workstations, 541 Intermodule configuration, 517 inverse assembler using, 65 inverse assembler problems, 429 none or incorrect, 429 will not load or run, 431 K keyboard using, 498 keyboard overlays, 269 keyboard Shortcuts, 267 Knob description, 27 knob duplicating in X, 498 using, 27 L label, 59
Index new, 533 Min and Max scaling fields, 341 mixed display state and timing, 131 Mixed Display menu, 338 Modify Trigger field, 313 Module field, 591 module status, 515 mount control user, 486 data user, 486 error message, 486 in UNIX, 486 mounting and unmounting, 486 mouse using, 498 MS Windows error messages from ping, 545 File Manager, 494 intermittent response from ping, 545 mount, 487, 494 no response from ping, 545 ping, 485 MS-DOS error messages, 542 error messages from ping, 542 hostname, 542 inte
Index Normal mode, 160 Occur field, 181 Offset field, 157 pattern trigger mode, 165 Preset field, 159 probe attenuation factor, 158 Probe field, 158 Run Until Time X-O field, 182 s/Div field, 156 Scope Marker Menu, 176 Set Channel Labels, 163 Single and Repetitive modes, 152 Slope field, 169 Source field, 169 Statistics field, 181 T Marker value display, 177 time base, 156 Trig to O field, 177 Trig to X field, 177 trigger marker, 164 Tx to To field, 176 Voltage Markers options, 185 voltage value, 167 When
Index power requirements, 455 power-up tests, 461 prefetch, 601 offsetting trigger term, 602 preprocessor problems, 426 erratic trace measurements, 428 slow clock, 427 target system boot up failure, 426 Print All, 272 Print Disk, 272 Print field, 271 Print Partial, 272 Print Screen, 271 printer interface, 282 probe and pod grounding, 252 probe cable, 253 probe leads, 252 probe tip assemblies, 251 probing, 248 assembling the probing system, 255 connecting grabbers to probes, 258 general-purpose, 249 grabber
Index restoring, 518 Setup/Hold field, 307 Shift Key description, 27 Shift key, 27 single-client/single-server, 537, 543, 545 size of files, 532 slow operation, 557 socket, 520 command parser, 524 port ID number, 522, 524 source line numbers in General-Purpose ASCII format, 613 SPA (System Performance Analysis) changing between SPA and the analyzer, 383 programming, 383 using in Group Runs, 384 using with other features, 383 special displays interleaved trace lists, 128 Mixed Display mode, 128 specificatio
Index timing acquisition modes, 299 timing sampling rates, 94 timing trigger function library, 314 trace listing symbols in, 582 trace lists interleave, 129 trace modes (SPA), 357 TRANS (Transceiver) bit, 550 transfer files using ftp, 143 transferring files, 538 using the flexible disk drive, 135 using the LAN, 142 transmit packets, 552 trigger customizing a basic trigger, 71 trigger example nth recursive call of a recursive function, 102 trigger examples capture a write of known bad data to a particular v
Index workstations error messages, 541 error messages from ping, 541 hostname, 540 intermittent response from ping, 541 no response from ping, 541 normal response from ping, 540 troubleshooting in, 540 writing files, 486 X X Window Interface loading custom fonts, 505 X Window interface, 498 closing, 504 starting, 499 624
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY according to ISO/IEC Guide 22 and EN 45014 Manufacturer’s Name: Agilent Technologies Manufacturer’s Address: Digital Design Product Generation Unit 1900 Garden of the Gods Road Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA declares, that the product Product Name: Logic Analyzer/Oscilloscope/Pattern Generator Model Number(s): 1670G, 1671G, 1672G, 1673G Product Option(s): All conforms to the following Product Specifications: Safety: IEC 1010-1:1990+A1 / EN 61010-1:1993 UL3111 CSA-C22.
Product Regulations Safety IEC 1010-1:1990+A1 / EN 61010-1:1993 UL3111 CSA-C22.2 No. 1010.1:1993 EMC This Product meets the requirement of the European Communities (EC) EMC Directive 89/336/EEC. Emissions EN55011/CISPR 11 (ISM, Group 1, Class A equipment) IEC 555-2 and IEC 555-3 Immunity EN50082-1 Code1 IEC 801-2 (ESD) 8kV AD IEC 801-3 (Rad.) 3V/m IEC 801-4 (EFT) 1kV 1 1 1 1 Notes2 Performance Codes: 1 PASS - Normal operation, no effect. 2 PASS - Temporary degradation, self recoverable.
Safety Notices This apparatus has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 1010, Safety Requirements for Measuring Apparatus, and has been supplied in a safe condition. This is a Safety Class I instrument (provided with terminal for protective earthing). Before applying power, verify that the correct safety precautions are taken (see the following warnings). In addition, note the external markings on the instrument that are described under "Safety Symbols.
Notices DFAR 252.227-7015 (b)(2) (November 1995), as applicable in any technical data. © Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2002 Document Warranty No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means (including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language) without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies, Inc. as governed by United States and international copyright laws.
