Errata Title & Document Type: 3048A Phase Noise Measurement System Reference Manual Manual Part Number: 03048-90002 Revision Date: September 1989 HP References in this Manual This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that HewlettPackard's former test and measurement, semiconductor products and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies. We have made no changes to this manual copy. The HP XXXX referred to in this document is now the Agilent XXXX.
HP 3048A Phase Noise Measurement System Reference Manual m HEWLETT PACKARD Manual Boxed Set HP Part 03048-90002 (Reference Manual (03048-90002) not available separately)
Notice This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, or reproduced without prior written consent of Hewlett-Packard Company. This material may be reproduced by or for the U.S. Government pursuant to the Copyright License under the clause at DFARS 52.227-7013 (APR 1988). Copyright (c) 1987 Hewlett-Packard Company Hewlett-Packard Company Spokane Division 24001 E. Mission Liberty Lake, WA 99019-9599, U.S.A.
Volume 1 Contents Softkey Index Chapter 1, General Information Introduction 1-1 Chapter 2, Measurement Definitions Introduction Type/Range Instr.
Chapter 3, Graphics Functions Introduction Param Summary (Parameter Summary) Define Graph Marker ON/OFF Slope Lines Plotters Plot w/o Spurs (Plot without Spurs) 3-1 3-3 3-19 3-23 3-25 3-29 3-31 Chapter 4, Computed Outputs Introduction Integr Noise (Integrated Noise) Sigma vs. Tau Normalized Bandwidth 3 Osc. Compar. (Three Oscillator Comparison) 2 Osc. Compar.
Volume 2 Contents Chapter 5, Special Functions Introduction Test Mode Carrier Type FFT Segmnts (HP 3561A Segments) RF Segmnts (RF Spectrum Analyzer Segments) Noise Monitor/NewNse Monitor 11848A Control 3048A Sys Chk (3048A System Checks) 5-1 5-3 5-9 5-13 5-23 5-29 5-35 5-43 Chapter 6, System Configuration Introduction RF Sources RF Analyzers Down Converters Frequency Counters Digital Voltmeters Controllers Mass Storage Devices . Plotter System Clock Load Alternate Program Additional Equipment 6-1 .
Chapter 7, Quick Reference 1 Approximate HP 3048A Phase Noise Floor vs. R Port Signal Level 2 HP 3048A Phase Noise Floor and Region of Validity of£(/) = % Q 3 Phase Noise Level of Various HP Sources 4 Increase in Measured Noise as Reference Source Noise Approaches DUT Noise 5 Approximate Sensitivity of Delay Line Discriminator 6 AM Calibration 7 Voltage Controlled Source Tuning Requirements 8 Voltage Tuning Range vs.
Index 0.001 Hz offset measurements, 5-20 1 Hz bandwidth, 4-15 2 device comparison, see: 2 Osc. Compar. 2 Osc. Compar., 4 23 2 oscillator comparison, see: 2 Osc. Compar. 2 source comparison, see: 2 Osc. Compar. 3 device comparison, see: 3 Osc. Compar. 3 Osc. Compar., 4-19 3 oscillator comparison, see: 3 Osc. Compar. 3 source comparison, see: 3 Osc. Compar. 10 MHz A used with HP 8662A/63A, 6 11, 6-13 10 MHz B used with HP 8662A/63A, 6-14 11848A Control, 5 35 3048A Sys Chk, 5-43 A A vs.
AM Detector, 2-8, 2-89, 6 63 Constant, 2-89 filter, 6 63 AM measurements HP 11729C, 6-43. see also: HP 3048A Operating Manual AM Noise, instrument parameter, 2 38 calibration process, 2 89 measurement type, 2-7 AM rejection, 2- 7 AM sensitivity, 2-89 amplifiers, 2-6, 6-64 assumed pole, 2 55, 3-11; 5-5 ATTEN1, 5-37 ATTEN2, 5-37 ATTEN3, 5-37 attenuators, 6 63 Aux Monitor port, 2-46, 6 46 averages, FFT, 2 12, 5 15 span marking, 4-28 averaging, 2 12, 5 15 B BW, 4-16, 5-16, 5 26 B vs.
c cal system, 7, 5 44. see also: HP 3048A Calibration Manual CALDATAHI, 5-45. see also: HP 3048A Calibration Manual CALDATALO, 5-45. see also: HP 3048A Calibration Manual Calibr Process, 2-41 calibration, constant, see: Phase Detector Constant; VCO Tuning ConstantDiscriminator Constant, AM Detector Constant data, see: HP 3048A Calibration Manual periodic, see: HP 3048A Calibration Manual process, 2 41 spur, see: double sided spur; single sided spur; spur test tone, 6-25 capture range, 7-14.
counters, 6-45 couplers, 2-73, 6-64 Create Dir. (create directory), 2-126, 3 18 Current Detector Constant, 2-44 w / o PLL, 2 59 Cutler, 4-11 cutoff frequency {fh)> 4-9 CW Carrier Type, 5-9 D DAC1, 5-37 DAC2, 5-37 DAC3, 5-37 Dae tests, 5 44 data files, 6-52. see also: test files; result files Data Type, 2 117, 4 4 dBc/Hz, 4-16 dc block, 2 8, 6 64 DC FM, HP 8662A/HP8663A, 2-29, 6-10 deviation, 2 16.
Detector Constant, 3-7, 7-2. see also: Phase Detector Constant estimating, 2-91, 7 2 w/PLL, 2 43 detector selection, AM Noise, 2 39 w/FM Discriminator, 2-37 w/PLL, 2-26 w / o PLL, 2-33 Detector/Discr.
DUT, 2-102, 3-11 DUT source, 2 108 dynamic signal analyzer, see: HP 3561A E EFC, 6-8, 7-18 enhanced tuning range, 2 27, 7 18 entered K_VCO, 3-5. see also: VCO Tuning Constant erase lines, 3 26 Error Messages, 8 2 Eval Allan, 9, 4-10 eval intgrl, 10, 4 4 eval sigma, 10, 4-10 external timebase, 3-11.
FM rate and deviation calibration w/FM discriminator, 2-85 FM spectral density, 2 117, 3-21 Fnctl. Chk.
HP 11729C specs, 4, 6-33 HP 11808A, 6-61 HP 11848A block diagram, 5-42 HP 11848A Interface, 1-2, 5-35, 5-43 HP 11848A LNA, 3-12, 5 9, 7-2 HP 3048A, 1-2 HP 3048A option K21, 2 8, 6 63 HP 3048A reference source options, 1-7 HP 3048A spectrum analyzer options, 1 8 HP 3048A system options, 1-8 HP 310, 6 49 HP 320, 6-49 HP 33330C low barrier schottkey diode detector, 2-91 6-63, 7 12 HP 3561A dynamic signal analyzer, 1 2, 2-8, 5-13, 5 30 HP 3585A/B, 6-24 HP 5316A/B, 6-45 HP 5343A, 6 45 HP 5384A, 6-45 HP 5385A, 6
I Ignore Out Of Lock Test Mode, 10, 5-8 injection locking, 2 48, 2 56, 7-22. see also: HP 3048A Operating Manual Instr. Params, 2-13 Instrument Parameters, 2-13 Int. Adj'mt, 5-44. see also: HP 11848A Serv./HP 3048A Cal. Manuals Integr Noise, 4 3 Integrated Noise, 4 3 interface, see: HP 11848A isolation, 2 48 J Jitter, 4-29 K kd, see: Discriminator Constant K_Detector method, 3 7 known osc, 4-24 fc$, 2-43. see also: Phase Detector Constant kv [Hz/v], see: VCO Tuning Constant K_VCO method, 3 8.
loop loop loop Low holding range, see: Drift Tracking Range suppression, 2-54, 3 9 suppression verification, 2-54, 3-9 Noise Amplifier, 3-12, 5 9, 5 42, 7 2 M maximum x coordinate, 3 20 manual updates, 1 4 Marker, (RF Analyzer), 12, 5-31 3561A, 12, 5-31 ON/OFF, 12, 3 23 mass storage, 2 123, 3-14 6-51 mass storage devices, 1-10, 6 51 maximum acceptable clipping, 5-11 maximum y coordinate, 3-20 measure the detector constant w/PLL, 2 47 measurement, averages, 2 12, 4-28, 5-15 bandwidth, 5-16, 5-26 definition
microwave phase detector, see: Option 201 minimum averages, 3 -4 minimum x coordinate, 2-116, 3 20 minimum y coordinate, 2-117, 3 20 rev.05SEP89 Index 10.
mixer sensitivity, see: Phase Detector Constant modulation analyzer, 2-67, 2 93, 6 63 move down, 3 26 move up, 3-26 multimeter, 6-47 N N, 4-9 National Bureau of Standards Traceability NBS, 1-11 new line, 3-26 New Noise Monitor, 12, 5 30 New Measurement, 12.
Option 003, 1-7 Option 004, 1-7 Option 005, 1 7 Option 006, 1-7 Option 101, 1-8 Option 110, 1 8 Option 201, 1-8 Option 202, 1-8 Option 910, 1 8 Out of Lock, 5-8, 6 48. see also: HP 3048A Operating Manual overload, 2 112, 6-48 P panel meter, 2-49, 2-84 Param Summary, 3 3 Parameter Summary, 3 3 Parm_Dir, 2 126 Parmjnumber), 2 124 peak deviation, 2-16.
Phase Noise, of various HP sources, 6-3, 7-6 Using an FM Discriminator, 2 35 Using a Phase Lock Loop measurement type, 2-4 Without Using a PLL, 2 31 Without Using a PLL measurement type, 2-6 phase shifter, 2 108, 6-64 phase slope, 2-43, 3-7, 7 4.
region of validity, 7-4 relation of L(f) to Allan Variance, 4 -13 remove line, 16, 3-26 repeat measurement, see; HP 3048A Operating Manual residual (two-port), 2-6 resolution, 5-25 resu_, 3-15 Result Files, 3-13 return loss noise input, 2 49 RF (spectrum) analyzer, 5-23, 6-2, 6-23, 6-25 RF segment table, 5-24, 6-25 RF segmnts, 5 23 RF source, 6-2 rms modulation, 4 3 S segment table, 5-23 increasing resolution, 5 21 measurement time, 5-19 specifying offsets, 5 22 SELECTED K SWITCHES, 5-38 SELECTED L SWITCHE
small angle criteria L(f), see: region of validity sv(f), 2 -117, 3-21,4-4 Software Materials Subscription (SMS), 1-5 Software Notification Service (SNS), 1-5 Software Release Bulletin, 1-6 Software Status Bulletin, 1 6 Software Updating, 1 5 Solve A,B,C, 4 21 Solve for B, 4-25 Source Drift (see Drift Track Range), 2-19 span, 5 31 Spec Lines, 2-118 Special Functions, 5 1 Specifications, 1-11 Specification Lines, 2-118 Spectral Density, of Fractional Frequency Fluctuations, 2 117, 3-21, 4-4 of Frequency Fluc
Sy{J), 2-117, 3 21, 4-4 System Config, 6-1 System Clock, 6 59 System Configuration, 6-1 T t, 4 9 tau (r), 4-9 table of data points for supported analyzers, 4-6 Take Sweep, 19, 5-31 Test Files, 2-121 loading, 2-126 storing, 2 125 Test Mode, 5-3 Test Result File, 3-13 Three Osc. Comparison, see: 3 Osc. Compar. Time Record Length, 5-17 Title, 2 116, 3 20 Troubleshooting, see: HP 3048A Cal./HP 11848A Serv.
u uncal light, 6-29 unmarked spurs, 4-22, 4-26, 4-28 Unnumbered Error Messages, 8 19 Update Dir, 2-123, 3-15 v V/y/Hz, 2-75 V/Rad, 2-57 VCO slope, see: VCO Tuning Constant VCO tune port input resistance, 2-18 VCO Tuning Constant, 2-16, 2-50, 3-8, 5-8, 7-18 VCO tuning linearity, 2 24 Vectra Viper, 6-49 video bandwidth, 5 26 VNOMS, 5-45.
Softkey Index This section includes a Softkey Map and Softkey Descriptions Table. The Softkey Map provides an overview of the HP 3048A's softkey menu structure. The softkeys are listed in alphabetical order in the Softkey Description Table. The softkey descriptions briefly describe the function of each softkey. References to additional information are included in the table. Softkey Map pg. 3 Softkey Descriptions Table pg.
HF'SOfSFt PHASE NOI^E SYSTEM MAIN SOFTWARE LEVEL MAKE P- FHASt NO!'..E rCASMPFMFNT: U ,"') Def ;ns= Keasu-e H. MR [I, tne- nseasui ciaeot [ P ■ess 'Lief j u t "ferim- J the rv.nse. . . ■Reppat Hr.rimt' ] using -iiri-nnt c a l i b r . o y i s t a n t s . . . [ '" 'NEW Msrren'.' .1 aftpr n e r e r a t i n u new ■.o'lEtantB. . f P iji?5':r]bp H i " system hai Jwa'e ■:onf inurst a.:•-*?&!-. the l a t e s t graph of tP B t r e s u l t s Inarf a tv|Ji-.
HP3048A Phase Noise System [Repeat M s r m n t ^ ^ B N e w Define Msrrnnt^MAccess Copy Instr. Params Redraw Calibr Process Plot Param Control Result Source Test Define bz^JParam Files Graph Other Spec Summary —D| Test FFT 1 1 RF -1 Keys w/o Slope Spurs] darker —J>; 3 ^ —^ Load Type System i=[)| Mass Segmnts Plotter Sys Chk Dae Tests ^ Outputs Spur Delete Mode / —'}: Config Specs; Instr. Config Clock Storage Pens Int.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (1 of 17) Description Key Name 4 Chapter 0 to 100 kHz Selects the CALDATALO calibration data for storing, loading, or zeroing. 5 Special Functions .1 to 40 MHz Selects the CALDATAHI calibration data for storing, loading, or zeroing. 5 Special Functions 2 Osc. Com par. Determines the noise level of a single device using two devices. 4 Computed Outputs 3 Osc. Com par. Determines the noise level of each of three devices.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (2 of 17) Key Name Access Graph Description Chapter Displays the noise graph that is presently stored in memory and accesses the Graphics Functions and Computed Outputs Functions. Allows you to perform the following functions: • Access the Parameter Summary, a summarization of the measurement definitions used to obtain the current measurement results. (Parm Summary) • Access files of measurement results. (Result Files) • Place marker on the measurement graph.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (3 of 17) Key Name A vs. B File 6 Description Chapter Accesses the Result File for the 3 Oscillator Comparison, and displays all files. The user is required to select the file that contains the results from the first pair of sources. 4 Computed A vs. C File Accesses the Result File for the 3 Oscillator Comparison, and displays all files. The user is required to select the file that contains the results from the second pair of sources. 4 Computed Outputs B vs.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (4 of 17) Key Name Description Chapter Cal Int Srcs Perform the routine to generate new VNOMS. (Nominal voltages to set the HP 11848A Internal Sources) HP 3048A Calibration Manual CAL Source Configures the Calibration Source in the Source Control Diagram 2 Meas. Definitions CAL System Enables generation of CALDATALO, CALDATAHl, and VNOMS. Also enables the loading of storing of calibration files.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (5 of 17) Description Key Name 8 Chapter Cmputd Outputs Accesses the additional formats for graphing the measurement results. 3 Graphic Functions Control Allows you to toggle between System Control (HP-IB) and Manual Control for an instrument block in the Source Control Diagram. 2 Meas. Definitions Create Dir Enables you to create a file directory for Mass Media Storage of Test Files or measurement Results Files.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (6 of 17) Key Name Description Chapter Delete fnstr. Allows you to delete an instrument from the System Configuration Table. 6 System Configuration Delete Point Removes a point form the Spec-Line Table in the Define Graph display. 2 Meas. Definitions Detect Const Steps through the calibration methods available on the Calibration Process display for calibrating the Phase Detector Constant. 2 Meas. Definitions DONE Returns operation to the previous display.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (7 of 17) Description Key Name Eval intgrl Chapter Performs the computation to solve the Definite Integral for the specified entries. 4 Computed Eval Sigma Performs the computation of Sigma of Tau for the specified entries. 4 Computed Outputs FFT Segmnts Accesses the FFT Segment Table definitions. 5 Special Functions Fnctl. Chk. Verifies HP 3048A functionality.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (8 of 17) Key Name Description Chapter Instr. Params Accesses the display for entering the operating parameters of the device being used in the measurement. 2 Meas. Definitions Known File Selects the Result File to be used as the reference for 2 Oscillator Comparison. This file must be computed from a 3 Oscillator Comparison. 4 Computed Outputs List Spurs Performs the routine to list all marked spurs within the measured data. 4 Computed Outputs Load Alt.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (9 of 17) Description Key Name Chapter Marker Enables the Marker Function. 3 Graphics Functions Marker 1 Moves marker onto raw data plot in the Evaluate Cal Data display, HP 3048A Calibration Manual Marker 2 Moves marker onto curve fitted data plot. HP 3048A Calibration Manual Marker 3561A Reads the marker on the HP 3561A Dynamic Signal Analyzer for the Noise Monitor Mode and displays the corrected levels and offset frequency on the computer display.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (10 of 17) Key Name Chapter Description Next Method Selects the Detector Constant {K$) calibration method 2 Meas. in the Calibration Process display. Definitions Next Page Accesses the next display in the Help Text and the File Directories. None Next Type Steps through the Measurement Types in the Type/Range definition display. 2 Meas. Definitions Noise Flat Accesses the Noise Flatness Test. This test verifies the CALDATAHI generated with an HP 3585A.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (11 of 17) Key Name Description Chapter Other Keys Accesses the second set of graphics function keys. 3 Graphics Functions Param Summary Accesses the list of measurement setup and calibration data for the current noise graph displayed. Lists the measurement-defining parameters for the measurement results currently in memory or loaded from a Result File. 3 Graphics Functions Pert. Tests Accesses the HP 3048A System Checks that verify the performance of the HP 3048A.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (12 of 17) Key Name Description Chapter Preset Presets the HP 11848A Interface to predefined turn-on condition. 5 Special Functions Proceed w/Adj. Proceeds with the measurement using the adjusted PLL suppression when an Accuracy Specification Degradation has been detected. 8 Messages Proceed Theor. Proceeds with the measurement using the theoretical PLL suppression when an Accuracy Specification Degradation has been detected.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (13 of 17) Key Name Description Chapter Redraw GraticI Redraws the graph without noise data. Essentially erases all plotted data from the graph. SHIFT Redraw GraticI Outputs graph to an external plotter. Ref. Source Allows you to specify a reference source in the Source Control Diagram. Accesses each RF Source entered in the System Configuration Table and the HP 11848A's internal sources. 2 Meas.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (14 of 17) Key Name Chapter Description Select Test Allows selection of individual tests from the Functional Test display. HP 3048A Calibration Manual Send Command Outputs the conditions displayed on the 11848 Control display to the HP 11848A interface. 5 Special Functions Set Clock Sets the computer's real time clock. 6 System Configuration Set Line Sets the slope line currently active on the graph. 3 Graphics Functions Sigma vs.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (15 of 17) Key Name Spcl. Funct'n Description Recommended for advanced users only. Accesses the HP 3048A's advanced operating functions. Chapter 5 Special Functions • Modify the measurement segment definitions. • Execute system performance verification and calibration. • Select the test mode. • Modify the measurement process to support measurement of pulsed carriers. • Interactively control the internal configuration of the HP 11848A Interface.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions {16 of 17) Key Name Description Chapter Suppr. Plot Accesses the PLL Suppression Plot. This softkey only appears when an Accuracy Specification Degradation is detected. The PLL Suppression Plot is automatically displayed when the Troubleshoot Mode has been selected. 5 System Configuration System Clock Provides access to the systems real time clock. 6 System Configuration System Config Accesses the System Configuration Table.
Table 1. Softkey Descriptions (17 of 17) Description Key Name Chapter Test Mode (cont'd) Ignore Out-of-lock Bypasses all automatic system checks for phase lock and enables plotting of the PLL suppression. This mode is recommended only for very noisy devices and should be selected by advanced users only. A New Msrmnt performed in Ignore Out-of-lock Mode will make a single attempt to close the phase lock loop upon completion of measurement calibration.
General Information Introduction The HP 3048A Phase Noise Measurement Reference Manual is designed to aid you in understanding and performing the HP 3048A measurement techniques and its advanced features. Within this chapter is the general information that describes the HP 3048A and its support services. HP 3048A Description pg. 1-2 Documentation Updating pg. 1-4 Software Updating pg. 1-5 Guide to System Flexibility pg. 1-7 HP 3048A System and Option Specifications pg.
HP 3048A Description What is the HP 3048A? The HP 3048A provides you a standard process for measuring phase noise. It allows you to measure sources of many types with a flexible system configuration. The HP 3048A Phase Noise Measurement System includes: • The HP 11848A Phase Noise Interface, an interface box specifi cally designed for high performance phase noise measurements. The HP 11848A supports several measurement techniques for phase noise and AM noise measurement.
What is the HP 3048A Used For ? The HP 3048A is designed to reduce the difficulty of making accurate phase noise measurements. The HP 3048A allows you to make phase noise measurements using a phase detector in a phase lock loop con figuration, a phase detector without a phase lock loop, or with an FM discriminator.
Documentation Updating A "MANUAL UPDATES" packet is shipped with the manual when changes to the manual are necessary to provide the most current informa tion about the product available at the time of shipment. These packets consist of replacement and addition pages which should be incorporated into the manual to bring it up to date. Hewlett-Packard offers a Documentation Update Service that will provide you with further updates as they become available.
Software Updating Software is a significant part of the HP 3048A Phase Noise System Hewlett-Packard offers two levels of software support services for the HP 3048A, the Software Material Subscription, and the Software Noti fication Service. Software Material Subscription Software Materials Subscription (SMS) ensures that your software is never out-of-date. SMS automatically provides you with update changes to your HP software as they are released.
New Software Releases With SMS you will automatically receive all software releases for the HP 3048A as they become available. These releases may provide increased software performance and capability, or the resolution of specific anoma lies. You will also receive all pertinent information necessary to ensure a smooth transition to the new software revision. Software Status Bulletin With either SMS or SNS you will receive the Software Status Bulletin (SSB).
Guide to System Flexibility The HP 3048A can be configured many different ways to optimize its operation for specific applications. All configurations of this system must include the HP 3048A's basic components and a desktop computer to be operational. The following guide will help you match your applications to the optimum system configuration. HP 3048A Reference Source Options • Option 001 adds the HP 8662A Opt. 003 Synthesized Signal Gener ator as a 10 kHz to 1280 MHz reference source.
HP 3048A Spectrum Analyzer Options • Option 101 adds the HP 3585B Spectrum Analyzer to extend the system's offset measurement range from 100 kHz to 40 MHz. The HP 3585A/B is required to generate new CALDATAHI. CALDATAHI can be verified and corrected by any supported RF Analyzer by performing the Noise Flatness Performance test. • Option 110 deletes HP 3561A Dynamic Signal Analyzer from the system for replacement by the user. (The HP 3048A will not operate without the HP 3561 A.
Desktop Computers Computers used with the HP 3048A system must have a BASIC 5.0 Operating System, and a minimum of 3 Mbytes of RAM to operate the HP 3048A software. • HP 98580B, Options ABA and 008, Series 300 Measurement Au tomation System includes 1 Mbyte of RAM. An HP 46083A HPHIL Knob should also be ordered with this computer to control the HP 3048A graphics marker. Alternatively an HP 98203C Keyboard with a built-in knob may be ordered.
Disc Drives • HP 9122D Dual Disc Drive for 31/2-inch flexible discs. • HP 9153A 10 Mbyte Winchester Disc Drive with a built-in 3 y 2 - m c h flexible disc drive. Spectrum Analyzers The addition of any of the following Spectrum Analyzers extends the offset range to 40 MHz. • HP 3585A/B 20 kHz to 40 MHz Spectrum Analyzer provides Track ing Generator output needed to generate CALDATAHI for calibration of the HP 3048A from 100 kHz to 40 MHz.
System and Option Specifications The System specifications and Option specifications are iisted in Table 1-1 and Table 1-2 respectively. Specifications describe the instrument's war ranted performance. Supplemental characteristics are intended to provide information useful in applying the instrument by giving typical, but not warranted performance parameters. These supplemental characteristics are denoted as "typical," "nominal," or "approximate.
Table 1-1. HP 3048A System Specifications (1 of 4) HP 3048A System Specifications PHASE DETECTOR PORTS Frequency Range: 5 MHz to 1.6 GHz (low-frequency inputs) Additional Range with Option 201: 1.2 to 18 GHz (high-frequency inputs) (The frequency range can be extended with a customer-supplied phase detector or frequency discriminator.
Table 1-1. HP 3048A System Specifications (2 of 4) System Phase Noise and Spurious Responses (Does not include phase noise and spurious signals from a reference source.) -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 -160 1 1 -180 0.
Table 1-1. HP 3048A System Specifications (3 of 4) NOISE INPUT PORT (For use with externa! phase detector or frequency discriminator) Frequency: 0.01 Hz to 40 MHz Amplitude: 1 Volt peak maximum Typical Input Impedance: 50fl; return loss >9,5 dB {<2:1 SWR) Accuracy: External phase detector or frequency discriminator measurements calibrated with ±1 dB accurate signals. ±2 dB for 0.
Table 1-1. HP 3048A System Specifications (4 of 4) Typical Noise and Spur Levels Power Requirements: Between 190 and 900 VA depending on options included; 48 to 66 Hz; 100V, 110V, 220V, 240V (+5%, - 1 0 % of line voltage) Operating Temperature Range: +0°C to +55°C EMI: Satisfies level B of VDE specification 0871 General Considerations: The HP 3048A has low susceptibility to RFI and mechanical vibration.
Table 1-2. HP 3048A System Option Specifications (1 of 9) HP 3048A Option Specifications The HP 3048A can be ordered with any of several optional signal generators as a reference source for phase noise meas urements. The following specifications address system opera tion with these signal generators. The data that follows is in addition to that given previously under the heading of HP 3048A System Specifications.
Table 1-2. HP 3048A System Option Specifications (2 of 9) Spectral Purity 2 Absolute Phase Noise Offset from Carrier (Hz) 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M -145 0.1 to 120 MHz Typ. -78 -108 -126 -132 -138 -139 Spec. -68 -98 -116 -126 -132 -133 120 to 160 MHz - 7 6 , -106 -125 -135 -148 -148 Spec. -66 -96 -115 -129 -142 -142 160 to 320 MHz Typ. -70 -100 -119 -130 -142 -142 Spec. -60 -90 -109 -124 -136 -138 320 to 640 MHz Typ. -64 -94 -114 -125 -136 -136 Spec.
Table 1-2. HP 3048A System Option Specifications (3 of 9) Spurious Signals Frequency Range (MHz) 0.1 to 120 to 160 to 320 to 640 to 1280 to 320 640 1280 2560 120 160 Spurious nonharmonicafly related1 -90 dBc -100 dBc -96 dBc -90 dBc -84 dBc -78 dBc Subharmonically re lated (1/2, 3f/2, etc.
Table 1-2. HP 3048A System Option Specifications (4 of 9) OPTIONS 003 OR 004: ADDING THE HP 11729C OR 11729C OPT 130 CARRIER NOISE TEST SET The following data is applicable to using the HP 11729C to downconvert the test signal to an IF of between 5 MHz and 1280 MHz for subsequent demodulation using the Low Frequency phase detector of the HP 3048A system, The HP 8662A Opt. 003 or 8663A Opt. 003 Signal Generators provide a 640 MHz reference signal for this downcoversion process.
Table 1-2. HP 3048A System Option Specifications (5 of 9) -20 -40 * s -60 f -80 V ^ N^ X Specification N, 1 1 100 Typical " s ^ . 120 140 180 1 10 100 1k lot Offset Frequency (Hz) 100k IM 10M Offset from Carrier (Hz) 1 0.1 to 1280 MHz 100 1k 10k 100k 1M -140 See HP 3048A Option 001 or 002, Absolute Phase Noise table, 1280 to 3200 MHz Typ. -53 -83 -103 -115 -129 -130 Spec. -43 -73 -93 -108 -124 -126 3.2 to 5.76 GHz Typ. -47 -77 -97 -109 -127 -130 Spec.
Table 1-2. HP 3048A System Option Specifications (6 of 9) System Spurious System spurious signals in the HP 3048A Options 003 or 004 arise in three ways. First, from the detection and baseband signal processing, <—104 dBc for offsets greater than 0.2 Hz from the carrier. Second, any line-related or other spurious signals on the HP 8662A or 8663A outputs are translated to the noise spectrum output.
Table 1-2. HP 3048A System Option Specifications (7 of 9) Spectral Purity Absolute Phase Noise 5 Carrier Frequency Band SSB Phase Noise 20 kHz ONset dBc/Hz SSB Phase Noise Floor 200 kHz Offset dBc/Hz -125 -134 -137 -141 -144 -134 -144 -144 -144 1057.5-2115* 528.7 - 1057.5 264.3 - 528.7 132.1 - 264.3 66.0- 132.1 33.0 - 66.0 16.5 - 33.0 8.2 16.5 4.1 8.2 0.1 4.1 0.1 - 132.1 HET -145 -146 -147 -148 -137 -125 -145 -145 -147 -148 -149 -138 -137 * HP 8642B only. Spurious Type of Spurious 0.1 to 1052.
Table 1-2. HP 3048A System Option Specifications (8 of 9) Amplitude Maximum Output Level:>16 dBm. Modulation Modulation Types: FM, AM, Phase, Pulse FM Deviation Carrier Frequency Band 1057.5 5287 264.3132.1 66.033.0 16.5 8.2 4.1 0.1 0.1 1 1 21151 1057.5 528.7 264.3 132.1* 66.0' 33.02 16.5* 8.2* 4.1* 132.1 HET Maximum Deviation tic Coupled 3 1.5 750 375 187 MHz MHz kHz kHz kHz 93.8 46.9 23.4 11.7 kHz kHz kHz kHz 93.8 1.5 kHz MHz HP8642Boniy.
Table 1-2. HP 3048A System Option Specifications (9 of 9) COMPATIBLE SPECTRUM ANALYZERS The HP 3048A is designed to use several Hewlett-Packard spectrum analyzers to extend the offset range from 100 kHz to 40 MHz. Those spectrum analyzers include the HP 3585A (orderable as Option 101 to the HP 3048A), the HP 8562A/B, 8566A/B, 8567A, 8568A/B, 71100A, and 71200A. Automatic control of each of these spectrum analyzers is provided.
Visrm
Measurement Definitions Introduction The Measurement Definition is the process of defining the measurement. This section describes the processes involved when the Define Msrmnt softkey is selected. Type/Range pg. 2-3 Instrument Parameters pg. 2-13 Calibration Process pg. 2-41 Source Control pg. 2-101 Define Graph pg. 2-115 Test Files pg.
Type/Range Define Msrmnt ~ype/Range MEflSUREMENF TYPE AND FREWNCY RANGE SPECIFICATION MFFKUREMENl r ' F ' t : hase Noise Using a Phase Lock Loop Phase- N.-isis HsHuul Ubiny d PLL Phase Noibc iJbinj an FM LUSM n i K i a k HM N:;i=e. No;se Measur^EIPJIt ■Js,i-.r) H P V t t n "-nI> ftiirn t.-. ■MFq-JJF.FHFFr r F F ' N I T I f ' N ' nrr".rr FRE^UENO' RnMf,r: FMTFR THF Fill I fiHItl"... Mverajr=,.. iWr.rital-1,- ! . - : - : : !(- :G.
Measurement Type To select the correct type of measurement, you need to determine the type of noise to be measured and then the technique that best suits the device and available hardware. Noise measurements can be categorized as either: • Phase Noise Measurements, • AM Noise Measurements, or • Baseband Noise Measurements. Press the Next Type softkey to position the inverse video window at the type of measurement you wish to perform.
SOURCE CONTROL FOR MEASUREMENT US NGfiPHASE LOCK LOOP DN C O N V . _ U729C SYSTEM CNTRL DUT USER'S SRCE SYSTEM CNTRL HP 11848R _REF SOURCE^ USER'S SRCE MANUAL CNTRL _TIME BfiSE_ 10 MHz 'fl' SYSTEM CNTRL TUNE VOLTAGE DOT Setup SirintjiH OUTPUT 719;"PP FR21167MZ AP16DM" Figure 2 - 1 . Block Diagram of the Phase Lock Loop Measurement Configuration 10OK £(f) [dBc/Hz] vs. TOM 4-OM f[Hz] Figure 2-2. PTR Required to Phase Lock a Source.
Phase Noise Without Using a PLL measurement type is used to measure the residual phase noise of a Two Port (input/output) device. Two Port devices can be divided into two groups: • Devices that translate the input frequency to a different output fre quency, such as frequency multipliers and dividers. (The measurement setup for these types of devices requires that two similar devices be used.
AM Noise Measurements The AM Noise measurement type is used to measure the AM Noise on a signal. SOURCE CONTROL FOR fill NOISE MEASUREMENT HP 11348R ;j _RM DETECTOR _ USER'S DEV. 1 SYSTEM '.NTPL I DUT SOURCE USER'S SRCE MANUAL CNTRL j ! --] NOISE INPuT'l - CfiL S0URC£_ USER'S SRCE MRNNRL CNTRL I CflL Source fill Detect Figure 2-4. Block Diagram of the AM Noise Measurement Configuration AM Noise can contribute to phase noise when a phase noise measurement is made.
To make an AM Noise Measurement, an AM Detector is used to translate AM Noise to voltage fluctuations. A DC block (HP 3048A Option K21) is also required to eliminate any DC from overdriving the HP 11848A. Baseband Measurements The Noise Measurement Using the HP 3561A Only baseband noise mea surement measures the noise voltage of a device from .01 Hz to 100 kHz. This measurement type uses the HP 3561A Dynamic Signal Analyzer to measure the noise voltage directly.
CONNECT US SHOWN BELOW ■IOISE SPCE Press 'Pr-ixeefiT when read', ure 2-5.
Baseband Noise Measurement measurement type uses the HP 11848A External Noise Input to direct the Noise Voltage to either the HP 3561A Dynamic Signal Analyzer or to a configured RF Analyzer. This extends the measurement range to 40 MHz. This measurement type also makes the internal LNA and High/Low Pass Filters within the HP 11848A available for the measurement.
CONNECT RS SHOWN BELOW a 356 1 R NOISE SPCE 1 1S4SH F?F OUT * D |E3E30 1 ^ress ' P r o c e e d ' when ready. 1 3 513 5 R 5 0 Oh*! ■ Figure 2-6.
Range The defined Start and Stop Frequencies specify the frequency range that will be measured by the HP 3048A. Averages The minimum number of averages defined for the measurement deter mines the minimum number of noise level measurements the HP 3048A will make for each segment of the specified offset range. The HP 3048A will actually take more averages if the minimum number of averages spec ified in the Segment Table is greater than the number of averages specified here.
Instr. Params Introduction The Instr. Params softkey accesses the menu for defining the character istics of the measurement setup. The parameters defined in Instrument Parameters display inform the system about the following characteristics. • Frequency; Carrier Frequency and Detector/Discr. Input Frequency. • VCO Tune Port Parameters; Phase lock loop measurements only. • Detector Selection; the HP 11848A's Phase Detector Inputs.
Phase Noise Using a Phase Lock Loop Define Msrmnt Instr. Params SOURCE RND INTERnSfPRRFlMETER ENTRY FNTSTR THE FOLI.!"iWIf-Jf. PARAMETERS; -larr ier Frequency CtelciTiji .'Dis-ir . li-iui;! Iie-^uency VCO Tuning Constant Center Voltage. nf VITl Tuning Curve Voltage Tuning Range of T O VLU l u ' l - - [ j u r t iii[ji,> Resistance fl.-.-eptable Villas1 i fg I i [ f [ hl.F+b !U. 11)111/,T+fi. 1UU U ."■ [ .F**, J] 1 1 J : ', Hi HHz/Vol t Vol ts Vol t i 'Itiips i T'l i l u .
NOTE When loading a Result File for calculating Sigma vs. Tau, the carrier frequency used for the measurement must be entered in the Instrument Parameters display in order to compute accurate values. Detector/Discr. Input Frequency is the frequency of the input signal connected to the HP 11848A's phase detector. The Detector/Discriminator Input Frequency is used to: • Select the appropriate Low Pass Filter (LPF) in the HP 11848A Phase Noise Interface.
Frequency Parameter Considerations • If the Carrier Frequency denned for the measurement is incorrect, the Computed Output calculations may be in error. Verify that the Carrier Frequency displayed on the Result Graph is the correct frequency. Also, when using an HP 11729C under system control, an incorrect Carrier Frequency entry can result in an incorrect filter selection. • The HP 3048A will change the Detector/Discr.
Center Voltage of VCO Tuning Curve is the center voltage of the tuning curve of the VCO or the voltage required at the tune port input to set the VCO to the desired carrier frequency for the measurement. A 0 volt entry allows the maximum Voltage Tune Range available from the HP 11848A.
VCO Tune-port Input Resistance is the input impedance of the VCO's tune port. This entry must be accurate to within ± 5% when the VCO Tuning Constant is not going to be measured. When the Tuning Constant is going to be measured by the HP 3048A, the actual value of the VCO Tune-port Input Resistance is not critical, and an entry of 1E+6 is recommended. (The HP 11848A drives the tune port through a 500 series resistor and is restricted to 20 mA of output current.
The Peak Tuning Range determines the Drift Tracking Range (20% of PTR), and the PLL Capture Range (10% of PTR) for the measurement. Peak Tuning Range (PTR) = Voltage Tuning X VCO Tuning Min. PTR = .1 Hz Range Constant Max. PTR = Drift Tracking Total Range 500 kHz (200 MHz with an RF Analyzer). = Allowable Drift During Measurement. Peak—to—Peak Tuning System Drift Tracking Range Capture I Range = I ± 1 0 % PTR _L_ VCO Source Range Peak = of Tuning +20% VCO Range (PTR) PTR I [ L.
2. If the drift estimate is based on a period of 10 minutes to | hour, use the drift estimate directly as the PTR required for the measurement. If the drift estimate is short term (10 seconds to 1 minute), multiply the drift estimate by 100 to determine the required PTR. A factor of 100 is recommended to ensure that the HP 3048A has sufficient Drift Tracking range to complete the initial noise measurement.
.01 .1 1 10 Jl(f) 100 [dBc/Hz] !K 10K 100K 1M 10M 40M vs. f [Hz] Figure 2-8. Noise Floor Level Limits for Various PTRs If you maximized the PTR for your initial measurement to ensure that the HP 3048A has adequate drift tracking capability to complete the PLL measurement, it is recommended that you incrementally reduce the PTR and initiate a new measurement to verify that your Measurement Results are not being limited by the Noise Floor of the system.
Phase Lock Loop Bandwidth The PTR also d e t e r m i n e s the P h a s e Lock Loop B a n d w i d t h (PLL BW) for t h e m e a s u r e m e n t as s h o w n in Figure 2 - 9 . 1M 7 100k *- N 10k X _ 1k /' / / - -t-j XJ 5 100 c o CD 10 °;/y / \y 7 / 1 r ii li I li ii I li li I Ii Ii I Ii iI I Ii Ii I Ii Ii I \i ii I 1i 1i I 1i 1i I .1 1 100 1k 10 Peak * Tuning Lag/Lead 10k 100k 1M Range Filter 10M 100M 1G (Hz) Number Figure 2-9.
The PLL BW requirement for the measurement is a function of the average noise level of the signal sources. If the average noise level on the input signals exceeds approximately 0.1 radians RMS outside of the Phase Lock Loop (PLL) bandwidth, it can prevent the HP 3048A from attaining phase lock. Figure 2-10 shows the PTR required to provide an adequate PLL BW for given average noise levels. .01 .1 1 10 £(f) 100 [dBc/Hz] IK 10K vs. 100K 1M 10M 40M f[Hz] Figure 2-10.
VCO Tuning Linearity The HP 3048A requires that the VCO's tuning curve nonlinearity not exceed the limits described in Figure 2-11 out to ±45% of the center voltage defined for the measurement. FREQUENCY CHANGE of VCO -45% -15% Frequency Scale is dependent on the tuning constant of VCO. fr + 15% + 45% % Of TUNE VOLTAGE J DRIFT TRACKING RANGE Figure 2-11. VCO Tuning Linearity Required for Phase Lock Loop Measurements where: /n = The frequency of the Beatnote at the Center Voltage.
Measuring the VCO Tuning Constant The following procedure describes the HP 3048A process for measuring the VCO Tuning Constant. 1. The HP 3048A drives the VCO's tune port to - 4 5 % , - 1 5 % , + 1 5 % , + 4 5 % of the defined Voltage Tuning Range and measures the fre quency of the beatnote at each of these settings. 2. The ± 1 5 % frequencies are used to derive the limits for the ± 4 5 % frequencies.
Detector Selection The Select Detect, softkey provides selection between the HP 11848A Phase Detectors. Verify that the selected Phase Detector is: • Within the frequency range of the Detector/Discr. Input Frequency entered. • Installed in the HP 11848A Phase Noise Interface. (Option 201 adds the 1.2 to 18 GHz Phase Detector to the HP 11848A). Required Level (dBm) Detector Selection LPort R Port Internal 5 MHz to 1.6 GHz +15 to+23 0 to + 2 3 Internal 1.
Enhanced Tuning Range Using a Calibrated DC FM Source Enhanced Tuning Range is a method to increase the PTR by using the total available tuning range of the VCO. The VCO must have a calibrated DC FM output accurate within to 5% of the indicated rate, and can except input voltages exceeding the calibrated voltage range without damage. The Enhanced Tuning Range can be used to decrease the systems noise floor when using DC FM.
How do You Enhance the Tuning Range? The Enhanced Tuning Range allows the system to use the total VCO Tuning Range available from a calibrated DC FM Source when Defining the Measurement: • Enter the VCO Tuning Constant and the Tune Port Resistance in the Instrument Parameter display. These entries must be within ± 5% of there actual values for the measurement to be properly calibrated.
Considerations with Enhancing the Tuning Range. • The system is instructed to use a Voltage Tuning Range that exceeds the calibrated Tune Port input of the VCO. Typically a Voltage Tune Range of 5 to 10 volts is entered at the Instrument Parameter display to artificially increase the PTR by 5 to 10 times. This increases the Drift Tracking Range allowed which is 20% of the PTR enabling the System to use the total VCO Tuning Range available.
• When Enhanced Tuning Range is used the system is unable to measure the VCO Tuning Constant and you must select the "Compute from Expected T. Constant" in the Calib. Process display, and enter the exact VCO Tuning Constant and Tune Port Resistance in the Instrument Parameter display. Normally the System measures the VCO Tuning Constant by applying ± 15 and 45% of the Voltage Tuning Range to the tune port of the VCO.
Phase Noise Without Using a PLL Define Msrmnt SOURCE AND INTER! FNTFK' THF Full OWING ffipflHETER;: lar r ier frequency ig K..E- .: in Fi - - s p t ^ i - i l - Va ■SELLC1 fl F'HfiSE DETECTOR. Internal Phas* Detector; 5 MHs to 1600 MHz I n t e r n a l Ptia&? Detector : 1.2 ':.Hz t'j !-] GHz External F'ha&■=■ /PI*1 Qie 1 e■: 1 ".-, ^ r u n - -,-■ MPW-EMEN' L'EL [ N i l luti Frequency Parameters Carrier Frequency is the fundamental (center) frequency of the device you are measuring.
NOTE When loading a Result File for calculating Sigma vs. Tau, the carrier frequency used for the measurement must be entered in the Instrument Parameters display in order to compute accurate values. Detector/Discr. Input Frequency is the frequency of the input signal connected to the HP 11848A's phase detector. The Detector/Discriminator Input Frequency is used to: • Select the appropriate Low Pass Filter (LPF) in the HP 11848A Phase Noise Interface.
Frequency Parameter Considerations • If the Carrier Frequency defined for the measurement is incorrect, the Computed Output calculations may be in error. Verify that the Carrier Frequency displayed on the Result Graph is the correct frequency. When computing Sigma of Tau from a Result File you must ensure that the Carrier Frequency in the Instrument Parameter display represents the carrier frequency of the Result File.
External Detectors Using an External Phase Detector to measure a device with fundamental frequency less than 5 MHz or greater than 18 GHz requires special considerations. The HP 3048A limits the Detector/Disc. Input Frequency range to from 5 MHz to 18 GHz. If you are measuring a device that exceeds the limits of the Detector/Disc.
Phase Noise Using an FM Discriminator Define Msrmnt fnstr. Params SOURCE AND iNTERFJWPARflMETER ENTRY EriTEP i H t POL LfiWINH PfiF'flMFTFPc. ■ i'arr let Fi equ*REME.
Detector/Discr. Input Frequency is the frequency of the input signal connected to the HP 11848A's phase detector. The Detector/Discriminator Input Frequency is used to: • Select the appropriate Low Pass Filter (LPF) in the HP 11848A Phase Noise Interface. For frequencies < 95 MHz, the system enables the 2 MHz LPF to eliminate feedthrough of the fundamental signal and the additive products out of the phase detector. When the 2 MHz LPF is enabled, the maximum offset frequency the system can measure is 2 MHz.
Required Level (dBm) Detector Selection LPort RPort Internal 5 MHz to 1.6 GHz + 15 t o + 2 3 0 to + 2 3 Internal 1.2 GHz to 18 GHz +7 to+10 0 to + 1 0 As required for the detector used As required for the detector used External Detector Selection The Select Detect, softkey provides selection between the HP 11848A Phase Detectors. Verify that the selected Phase Detector is: • Within the frequency range of the Detector/Discr. Input Frequency entered.
AM Noise Define Msrmnt Instr. Params mjjMiM*hTw:tottmdWHi ENlth' "Hi" riil li"ll!Nf. ^ R P M E l ^ ' i : - J. F - =' ■ "-, i-.fii"r-.c+r. T I F f T p ='HRC.F [£-'1'. :■.!".. . j l l r i n d l lhaSP ~irlP..--:,: ■ <[. g i hr ' h- I F: HH, ,. : : |. : f.Hr i n t e r n a l Phase i M c . w : l.L ..-Hz t ■■ ^ H External F'hase/flH Detector I.-. f M i . n ^ ^ H *■■■ -"Ffi^lIPE1-LN' L'i' IM ■:'.'!!■ . ..
Detector/Discr. Input Frequency is the frequency of the input signal con nected to the AM Detector. The Detector/Discriminator Input Frequency is used to: • Select the appropriate Low Pass Filter (LPF) in the HP 11848A Phase Noise Interface. For frequencies < 95 MHz, the system enables the 2 MHz LPF to eliminate feedthrough of the fundamental signal and the additive products out of the phase detector. When the 2 MHz LPF is enabled, the maximum offset frequency the system can measure is 2 MHz.
AM Detector Considerations When using an AM Detector you should consider: • The frequency range of the AM Detector. • The power level the AM Detector can tolerate. • The sensitivity (Detector Constant) of the AM Detector selected. • The frequency range and flatness of the DC Block. 2-40 Connector Frequency Range Maximum Level NOISE INPUT DC to 40 MHz 1V Peak Instr.
Calibr Process Introduction The Calibration Process softkey accesses the menu for defining the calibration method for the measurement. The calibration methods available for the measurement depend on the Measurement Type selected. Phase Noise Using a Phase Lock Loop pg. 2-42 Phase Noise Without Using a Phase Lock Loop pg. 2-57 Phase Noise Using an FM Discriminator pg. 2-75 AM Noise pg. 2-89 Noise Measurement Using HP 3561A Only pg. 100.1 Baseband Noise Measurement pg. 100.2 rev.
Calibration for the Phase Noise Using a Phase Lock Loop Measurement Define Msrmnt _ ^ l Calibr Process! DETERMINATION OF PHASE DETECTOfflBNSTfiNT FIND VCO TUNING CONSTANT T'JNTta' CuNb-flNT. >se ihc - ■ j r r e r i "uiu-ig :.->nr-tant Measure tne VU! Tuii LICJ Constant Compute from expected T.
The Phase Detector Constant Introduction The phase detector translates relative phase fluctuations between the two phase detector inputs to voltage fluctuations. The amplitude of the phase detector's output voltage is proportional to the amount of relative phase fluctuation at its two inputs scaled by and the sensitivity of the detector. The phase detector's sensitivity is the Phase Detector Constant. The Phase Detector Constant determines the absolute noise floor of the system.
Parameter Entry Descriptions Use the Current Detector Constant When measuring similar devices the "Use the Current Detector" method can be used to save calibration time. The system assumes that the frequency and amplitude are identical to the previous measurement in which the Phase Detector Constant was established. In most cases, the accuracy uncertainty is negligible as long as the power levels are very close (±0.3 dB) to the levels present when the Phase Detector Constant was established.
OUT HP 3048A RF SPECTRUM ANALYZER OR POWER METER ©- REF SOURCE Figure 2-12. R Port Power Setup Diagram + 15 .6 ->r-> C 35 :? 11 o -t-Jy—-. V) TJ C D O »- u >^ *•& ■120 - 1 3 0 L Port Signal Level Is Assumed t o be Appropriate f o r the Phase Detector Approximate 140 Phase f> -150 -160 Noise 10 .06 -K*
The AUX MONITOR port on the HP 11848A Phase Noise Interface pro vides an output for monitoring the beatnote. Connecting an oscilloscope to this output port allows the Phase Detector Constant to be estimated from the peak amplitude of the beatnote. The peak voltage of the sine wave equals the Phase Detector Constant in V/Rad. .1V/div Figure 2-14.
Measure the Detector Constant When "Measure the Detector Constant" is selected, the HP 3048A system automatically measures the Phase Detector Constant. Measuring the Phase Detector Constant is the most accurate method for calibrating the detector. The system calibrates the Phase Detector Constant by generating a beatnote frequency at approximately 10% of the entered Peak Tuning Range.
insufficient power at the L input port on the HP 11848A can cause excessive conversion loss through the phase detector. In addition, the beatnote may be compressed causing an incorrect calibration of the Phase Detector Constant. The input level at the R input port of the HP 11848A determines the system's sensitivity. Amplification of the input signal to the R port will increase the Phase Detector Constant thereby decreasing the system's noise floor.
The sensitivity of the HP 11848A front panel meter depends on the gain and attenuation settings within the phase lock circuitry. When the system is phase locked, 0 V (center scale) on the meter indicates that the sources are tuned to exactly the same frequency. The HP 3048A detects an out of lock indication when the meter moves off zero more than ±2.5 divisions.
The VCO Tuning Constant Introduction The VCO Tuning Constant is the frequency sensitivity of the VCO source to voltage changes at its control voltage input. This constant is measured in Hz/V. The HP 3048A uses the VCO Tuning Constant along with the defined Voltage Tuning Range and the VCO's Tuning Port Input Resistance to determine the Peak Tuning Range for the measurement.
Parameter Entry Descriptions Use the Current Tuning Constant This calibration method uses the value of the Tuning Constant currently in memory. Selecting this method can save the time of measuring the Tuning Constant without any degradation in accuracy, providing either the same VCO source is being used or a source with an identical Tuning Constant is being used (within ±5%).
Extending the VCO Tuning Voltage Range value as denned on the Instru ment Parameters display to 10V is a valid way to increase the Peak Tun ing Range for the measurement. The VCO source being used in this case must be a signal generator with a calibrated DC FM Input (such as the HP 8662A). When the tuning range has been extended, select the "Com pute from Expected T. Constant" calibration method for the measurement.
Consideration for the VCO Tuning Constant The VCO's tuning curve must be within the parameters shown in the following graph. FREQUENCY CHANGE of VCO -45% ■15% Frequency Scole is dependent on the tuning constant of VCO. 1.5f- fr 1 + 15% + 45% % of TUNE VOLTAGE J DRIFT TRACKING RANGE Figure 2-15.
The Loop Suppression Verification Introduction Verification of the Phase Lock Loop Suppression insures that the Phase Lock Loop Bandwidth (PLL BW), the Phase Detector Constant, and the VCO Tuning Constant are all accurate for the measurement. (Note that the HP 3048A always corrects for the loop suppression whether verification is selected or not.) Description The HP 3048A verifies Loop Suppression before beginning the measure ment by closing the phase lock loop and injecting noise into the loop.
Specification Degradation has been detected. (For information about the appropriate actions to take when Reference Message 12 appears, please refer to Chapter 8 Messages.) THEOPETICRL AND RCTUflL 'LOOP SUPPRESSION' FRCTORS 410 dB PLL GRIN CHNG MAX ERROR CLOSED PLL BW PK TUNE RANGE ASSUMED POLE DET. CONSTANT VCO CONSTANT 693.E-3 65.56E-3 67.35 145.5 2.466E+: 261.8E-" SI. 13 dB dB Hz Hz Hz ': ; V/Rad Hz/V 7 ..*., -10 / dB 100E-3 1 19 [00 l.E+3 Figure 2-16.
Considerations for the Loop Suppression Verification Verification of the loop suppression may be prevented by excessive noise close to the carrier, by a large spur within the bandwidth of the PLL, or by injection locking. It should be assumed that an indicated Accuracy Specification Degradation applies at all offset frequencies (both inside and outside of the loop bandwidth).
Calibration for the Phase Noise Without Using a PLL Measurement L-ELECT >"FH I E R R T I D N TECHNIQUE. .. .. .[ f ' i r i s Nexl M-tf,..,:, Ubt- the <_urrent Oetpr-tnr r.-.nstant Derive From Measured • / - DC Peak Derive From Measured Beat-note Derive From Single '.ided Spu ] L-I j lude and r>e,-jiirr>.- 3 _4'"i fl:[B-: J Ifi.F'-H- 1 lu-rs: - ! M T'< -CM Introduction Calibration of the "Phase Noise Without Using a PLL" measurement type involves calibration of the Phase Detector Constant.
There are several methods available for calibrating the Phase Detector Constant when phase noise measurements are made without using a phase lock loop. The primary considerations for selecting a calibration method are measurement accuracy and equipment availability.
Use the Current Detector Constant Introduction This calibration method configures the system to use the Phase Detector Constant currently in memory. This eliminates the time spent calibrating the Phase Detector Constant. The Phase Detector Constant in memory is the value that was determined by the last measurement made (unless a stored Test File has been loaded). The Phase Detector Constant value appears in the Calibration Process display.
+ 15 CD + £50) cc D c CO -15 -120 -150 -130 -160 -170 L Port Signal Level i3 A»umed to be Appropriate for the Phase Detector Approximate Phase Noise ' f > "] Q Floor v (dBc/Hz) ' ^j-| ^ Figure 2-17. Relationship between Phase Detector Constant and R Port Level Considerations When Using the Current Detector Constant User entry is potentially the least accurate method for determine the Detector Constant. This calibration method does not verify the accuracy of the Phase Detector Constant.
Derive From Measured +/- DC Peak Introduction The Derive From Measured +/— DC Peak selection configures the system to measure the positive and negative peak voltages out of the phase detector. The measured + /— DC Peak voltages out of the phase detector are averaged to determine the Phase Detector Constant (Peak volts — Detector Constant in V/Rad.
Considerations for the Derive From Measured +/- DC Peak Method This method for determining the Phase Detector Constant provides more accuracy than an estimated entry but less than the Beatnote, Double Sided Spur, or Single Sided Spur methods. The accuracy of the Phase Detector Constant using this method depends upon the power level driving the phase detector. The phase detector should be operated in its linear region for best accuracy.
Derive From Measured Beat-Note Introduction The beatnote method for calibrating the Phase Detector Constant requires two signal sources. Usually one source is used only for calibration. The calibration source is connected to the phase detector in place of one of the input signal paths. The output level of the calibration source must be adjusted to provide exactly the same signal level at the phase detector input port as will be present during the measurement.
1 Setup LINE STRETCHER DUT HP 3048A LINE STRETCHER DUT HP 3048A SOURCE < POWER SPLITTER 2 Measure Input Level SOURCE < POWER SPLITTER Mt.AS'JRE POWER _ D / t L RF SPECTRUM ANALYZER OR POWER METER 3 Measuring Calibration Constant LINE STRETCHER SOURCE I * s POWER SPLITTER so n nHP DUT 3048A ADJUS T r 0 R LtVE.. MEASURED LOAD RF CAL SOURCE 4 Restore Setup LINE STRETCHER DUT HP 3048A SOURCE < POWER SPLITTER Figure 2-19.
Description of the Beatnote Calibration Method Beatnote Frequencies Less Than 1 kHz To determine the Phase Detector Constant from a beatnote, the calibration source is adjusted to create a beatnote between the two sources. For beatnote frequencies less than 1 kHz the system uses the slope of the beatnote waveform as it passes through the zero crossing as the Phase Detector Constant (or sensitivity of the detector to variations in phase).
of less than 30 kHz will insure that the third harmonic (90 kHz) can be measured.) Considerations for the Derive from Measured Beat-Note Method This method is more accurate than the + /— DC Peak method but not as accurate as the single or double sided spur method. The level of the calibration source and the circuit it replaces must be exactly the same or the Detector Constant will be in error.
Derive From Double Sided Spur Introduction The Derive From Double Sided Spur method is one of the most accurate Detector Constant Calibration methods available. However, it requires additional equipment and presents a high level of technical difficulty. This calibration method requires the generation of modulation sidebands. The sideband (spur) level relative to the carrier level (dBc) and the spur offset frequency must be determined first using an RF spectrum analyzer or modulation analyzer.
LINE STRETCHER 0 POWER SPLITTER 50 fl LOAD HP 3048A DUT PHASE MODULATOR -10 dB ATTEN 2 Measuring Relative Spur Level LINE STRETCHER SOURCE POWER SPLITTER 0 < AUDIO CALl SOURCE - 1 0 dB ATTEN 3 Verify Isolation PHASE MODULATOR LINE STRETCHER HP 3048A DUT RF SPECTRUM ANALYZER - _f - DUT <-60 SOURCE t -V 10 AUDIO CAL SOURCE HP 3048A oBc kHz PHASE RF SPECTRUM MODULATOR ANALYZER L 4 Measuring Calibration Constant LINE STRETCHER DUT HP 3048A SOURCE AUDIO CAL SOURCE Figure 2-20.
Description of the Double Sided Spur Calibration Method An RF spectrum analyzer is required to measure the relative difference between the fundamental signal and the spur. A spur level of —20 to — 130 dBc is acceptable, however, levels within the range —26 to —60 dBc are optimum. The calibration spur can be set at a frequency offset of 1 Hz to 100 kHz (40 MHz with a supported RF analyzer) however 20 Hz to 50 kHz is recommended.
When the Connect Diagram appears, the Calibr Process softkey will provide access to the the Determination of Phase Detector Constant display (Calibr Process) where the calibration spur values can be entered. When the system measures the calibration spur, the analyzer does a peak search over a frequency span of two times the entered spur offset frequency. Once the spur has been located, the level of the spur is measured and used to compute the Phase Detector Constant.
Derive From Single Sided Spur Introduction The Derive From Single Sided Spur method is a very accurate method for calibrating the Detector Constant. However, it requires additional equipment and presents a high level of technical difficulty. This calibration method requires that an additional signal (representing the spur) is applied to one of the phase detector inputs.
1 Setup LINE STRETCHER 50 fl LOAD r, HP 3048A 0 SOURCE POWER SPLITTER DUT - 2 0 dB COUPLER - 1 0 dB ATTEN 2 Measuring Relative Spur Level LINE STRETCHER HP 3048A DUT SOURCE RF SPECTRUM ANALYZER RF CAL SOURCE 3 Verify Isolation LINE STRETCHER DUT HP 3048A <:-60 dec SOURCE RF SPECTRUM ANALYZER L 4 Measuring Calibration Constant LINE STRETCHER DUT HP 3048A SOURCE RF CAL SOURCE Figure 2-21.
Description of the Single Sided Spur Calibration Method A second RF signal generator and a directional coupler are required to inject the calibration spur. The calibration spur should be adjusted to approximately —40 dBc at an offset frequency that can be accurately measured with the RF analyzer. A spur level of —20 to —130 dBc is acceptable, however, levels within the range —26 to —60 dBc are optimum.
When the system measures the calibration spur, the analyzer does a peak search over a frequency span of two times the entered spur offset frequency. Once the spur has been located, the level of the spur is measured and used to calculate the Phase Detector Constant. This method compensates for both the non-linearity and harmonics of the phase detector. (The HP 3048A will inform you when to remove the calibration spurs.
Calibration for the FM Discriminator Measurement Define Msrrnnt DETERMINATION OF 1LIUJ i'fiL 1EPHTIUN Mb 1 HUD . . . [ h~5E ' N P X ) Mrt'irrl 'Jae Ihe -lurrerr Discr imiridk.i Derive From [kiub'e i i d e u ipur LMibtant 1l~r FM Nr-viati FM De-v. - L K'.EO H1 4 ate = [Q i F+". :,t 8 l-.]p Value:,: 1 10 4U.L* Introduction Phase Noise Measurements using an FM Discriminator require the calibra tion of the Discriminator Constant in V/Hz.
NOTE The context of this calibration process applies directly to a delay line FM discriminator. These calibration processes will also apply to other types of FM discriminators. The FM Discriminator translates the phase fluctuations into frequency fluctuations. Adjustment of the input frequency or a phase shifter is required to achieve quadrature. The Discriminator Constant determines the system's absolute noise floor for the measurements.
Use the Current Discriminator Constant Introduction This calibration method configures the system to use the Discriminator Constant currently in memory. This eliminates the time spent calibrating the Discriminator Constant. The Discriminator Constant in memory is the value that was determined by the last measurement made (unless a stored Test File has been loaded). The Discriminator Constant value appears in the Calibration Process display.
Estimating the Discriminator Constant The Phase Detector Constant can be estimated directly from the R port input power level. (Providing the power level requirements for driving the L port of the phase detector are being met.) A power meter or a spectrum analyzer can be used to measure the power level. Compare the measured R port level to the following graph to determine the Phase Detector Constant.
Considerations When Using the Current Discriminator Constant User entry is potentially the least accurate method for determining the Discriminator Constant. This calibration method does not verify the accuracy of the Discriminator Constant. It relies strictly on the user to ensure the validity of the constant being used. (Keep in mind that the accuracy of the Discriminator Constant relates directly to the accuracy of the measurement.
Derive From Double Sided Spur Introduction The Derive From Double Sided Spur method is one of the most accurate Discriminator Constant Calibration methods available for determining the Discriminator Constant. However, it requires additional equipment and presents a high level of technical difficulty. This calibration method requires the generation of modulation sidebands.
1 Setup HP 3048A PHASE MODULATOR -i_n_n_r POWER SPLITTER < OPTIONAL LINE STRETCHER DUT -10 dB ATTEN 50 fi LOAD 2 Measuring Relative Spur Level RF SPECTRUM ANALYZER PHASE MODULATOR 40 dBc DUT - 1 0 dB ATTEN AUDIO SOURCE 3 Measuring Calibration Constant PHASE MODULATOR HP 3048A —j_n_n_r~— POWER SPLITTER OPTIONAL LINE STRETCHER DUT - 1 0 dB ATTEN AUDIO SOURCE 4 Restore Setup HP 3048A PHASE MODULATOR H< TJ~L_n_r POWER SPLITTER DUT L_| - 1 0 dB ATTEN OPTiONAL LINE STRETCHER 50 fl LOAD Fi
Description of the Double Sided Spur Discriminator Constant Calibration Method An RF spectrum analyzer is required to measure the relative difference between the fundamental signal and the spur. A spur level of —20 to — 130 dBc is acceptable, however, levels within the range —26 to —60 dBc are optimum. The calibration spur should be adjusted to an offset frequency (FM rate) that can be accurately measured by the RF analyzer or modulation analyzer.
measured and used to calculate the Discriminator Constant. This method compensates for both the non-linearity and harmonics of the phase detector. Considerations for the Derive From Double Sided Spur Method Requires an RF Spectrum Analyzer capable of measuring the carrier frequency and the modulation side bands or a modulation analyzer with phase demodulation capabilities. Requires a Phase Modulator capable of generating the calibration spurs at the desired carrier frequency.
Derive From FM Rate and Deviation Introduction The FM Rate and Deviation method is very accurate and is the only fully automated method for determining the Discriminator Constant. This calibration method requires the application of a frequency modulated signal to the measurement configuration. The FM rate and deviation must be determined. You will be required to define these values either in the Calibration Process display or when the Connect Diagram appears.
1 Setup [~HP 3048A RI I < | DUT u u u POWER SPLITTER 0 OPTIONAL LINE STRETCHER J<&I 2 Measure Discr. Constant Using FM Cal. Source at Same Level j~HP 3048A Rl FM CAL SOURCE u POWER < SPLITTER | O* 0 u u OPTIONAL LINE STRETCHER J<8>I 3 Restore Setup HP 3048A R DUT i V u u u POWER SPLITTER 0 OPTIONAL LINE STRETCHER L§I I Figure 2-24.
Description of the FM Rate and Deviation Spur Calibration Method The Calibration Source must have a calibrated FM output. The FM accuracy of the calibration source must be within 10% to ensure the required Discriminator Constant accuracy of less than 1 dB. (If the DUT has a calibrated FM output it can be used as the calibration source.) In most cases, the DUT will be replaced by a calibration source for determining the Discriminator Constant.
System Control The system can control the calibration source if it is a supported RF Source and has been configured in the System Configuration Table. The RF Source to be used as the calibration source must also be configured in the Source Control Diagram. Calibration Process under system control requires the entry of the FM Rate and Deviation in the Calibr. Process menu. The Connect Diagram will provide the connection information for the calibration source.
AM Noise Define Msrmnt M ;Ei.-:rT i"R! [FIRfiTKIN 1LI.HNKJL1... . . . L Pi eb^ ' Nevt MP1|-.-..-| the a i r rent n p t f r t ™ - 'icnsta Derive From Double Sided ^>pur rinni it.n.ie - Lg 4u E ' eq-.i-v.,- - [ l.D": iio:ept 3 H.-. , i s : i . P s : -1-.C Introduction Calibration of the AM Noise measurement type involves calibration of the AM Detector Constant. The Detector Constant is the sensitivity of the AM detector being used for the measurement expressed in equivalent V/Rad.
Detector Constant. The primary considerations for selecting a calibration method are measurement accuracy and equipment availability. Equipment Required Technique Accuracy Use the current Detector Constant None Derive From Double Sided Spur Source with calibrated AM or calibrated amplitude modulator. Very Good Derive From Single Sided Spur Directional coupler, RF analyzer, RF source. Very Good * Accuracy depends on which technique was used to determine the Detector Constant in memory.
Parameter Entry Descriptions Entering a Detector Constant The Detector Constant's value may be changed by keying in the desired value. The Acceptable Limits for the Detector Constant are shown on the display. (Keep in mind that absolute measurement accuracy depends on the accuracy of the Detector Constant.) Estimating the Detector Constant An estimate of the Detector Constant can be made directly from the detector's power level if the detector's sensitivity is known.
Considerations When Using the Current Detector Constant User entry is potentially the least accurate method for determine the Detector Constant. This calibration method does not verify the accuracy of the Detector Constant. It relies strictly on the user to ensure the validity of the Detector Constant being used. (Keep in mind that the accuracy of the Detector Constant relates directly to the accuracy of the measurement.
Derive From Double Sided Spur Introduction The Derive From Double Sided Spur method is one of the most accurate Detector Constant Calibration methods available. However, it requires additional equipment and presents a high level of technical difficulty. This calibration method requires the generation of modulation sidebands (AM). The sideband (spur) level relative to the carrier level (dBc) and the spur offset frequency must first be determined using an RF spectrum analyzer or modulation analyzer.
1 Setup r, HP 3048A DUT AM DETECTOR EXTERNAL NOISE iNPUT 2 Measuring Relative Spur Level RF SPECTRUM ANALYZER CAL SOURCE WITH AM MODULATION -A-0 [dBc 3 Measuring Calibration Constant n HP 3048A CAL SOURCE WITH AM MODULATION AM DETECTOR EXTERNAL. NOISE INPUT 4 Restore Setup HP 3048A DUT AM DETECTOR EXTERNAL. NOISE INPUT Figure 2-26.
Description of the Double Sided Spur AM Detector Calibration Method An RF spectrum analyzer or modulation analyzer is required to measure the fundamental signal and the spur. A spur level of —30 to —60 dBc is recommended. (If you are using a supported source that is under system control to generate the calibration spur, you will be required to enter the relative amplitude of the spur. An entry of —40 dBc is recommended; 2% AM produces a —40 dBc sideband.
When the system measures the calibration spur, the analyzer does a peak search over a frequency span of two times the entered spur offset frequency. Once the spur has been located, the level of the spur is measured and used to calculate the Detector Constant. Considerations for the Derive From Double Sided Spur Method Requires an RF Spectrum Analyzer or modulation analyzer capable of measuring the carrier frequency and the modulation sidebands unless a calibrated AM source is being used.
Derive From Single Sided Spur Introduction The Derive From Single Sided Spur method is a very accurate method for calibrating the Detector Constant. However, it requires additional equipment and presents a high level of technical difficulty. This calibration method requires that an additional signal (representing the spur) is applied to the input of the AM Detector being used.
1 Setup HP - 2 0 dB COUPLER DUT 3048A AM DETECTOR r."XTFRNAL NOISE 50 n LOAD -10 dB ATTEN 2 Measuring Relative Spur Level " 2 0 dB COUPLER DUT fO— v^7 RF SPECTRUM ANALYZER -10 dBc |— RF CAL SOURCE er^ - 1 0 dB ATTEN 3 Measuring Calibration Constant HP 3048A - 2 0 dB COUPLER D^1 AM DETECTOR 1 1 rx T F;RNAi NOISE RF CAL SOURCE r1-10 dB ATTEN 4 Restore Setup j HP 3048A - 2 0 dB COUPLER DUT son AM DETECTOR ! 1 LXll-KNA 1 ATTEN Figure 2-27.
Description of the Single Sided Spur AM Detector Calibration Method A second RF signal generator and a directional coupler are required to inject the calibration spur. The calibration spur should be adjusted to approximately —40 dBc at an offset frequency that can be accurately measured with the RF analyzer. NOTE The HP 3048A expects the DUT to be set to the same power level as the calibration source prior to beginning the measurement.
Considerations for the Derive From Single-Sided Spur Method The power level at the AM detector input must remain the same for both calibration measurements and the noise measurements. For optimum results, a power level of +10 dBm is recommended when using the HP 33330C AM Detector. Requires an RF Spectrum Analyzer capable of measuring the calibration spur at the desired carrier frequency.
Noise Measurement Using HP 3561A Only Define Msrmnt Caiibr Process L-am proceeding HP356!ft I n p u t . . tVci?ptable Values: -100 TO 100 the previoiib menu I This function is used to offset the plotted measurement data. It compen sates for any additional amplifiers or attenuators being used when making the measurement. Offsets >0 compensate for known losses. Offsets < 0 compensate for known gains. rev.05SEP89 Caiibr Process: Using HP 3561A Only 2-100.
Baseband Noise Measurement Define Msrmnt Calibr Process DETERMINATION OFraPGRflTION PROCESS -ppdsng HP11S4SR Noise Input. !c V a l j e s : -RIO TO 100 The or evsoiiS men . ! Pr^55 'DONE' ] This function is used to offset the plotted measurement data. It compen sates for any additional amplifiers or attenuators being used when making the measurement. Offsets > 0 compensate for known losses. Offsets < 0 compensate for known gains. 2-100.2 Calibr Process: Baseband Noise rev.
Source Control Introduction The Source Control Diagram specifies what devices are to be used in the measurement and which devices are to be controlled by the HP 3048A via the HP-IB. The Measurement Type selected in the Type/Range display determines which measurement configuration will appear in the Source Control display. The Source Control Diagram determines what will be displayed in the Connect Diagram at the beginning of the measurement.
Phase Noise Using a Phase Lock Loop Define Msrmnt Source Control i SOURCE CONTROL FOR MEftSLIREfSBr USING R PHRSE LOCK LOOP DOT USER'S SPCE | J" _ D N COW. _ 1172°r SYSTEM '.NTPL _TiME BRSE_ HOI IN N'lE Ret. Source Time 8a&i? Softkey and Block Description When configuring the Source Control Diagram, it is important that the correct connections are made and that the appropriate device is shown in each block being used.
TUNE VOLTAGE: The Tune Voltage can be configured to tune the VCO Source directly (Reference or DUT), or to tune the Time Base when the Time Base has been configured to tune the Reference Source. One of the two sources being measured must be a VCO, either directly or through at Time Base. TIME BASE: The Time Base connects directly to the Reference Source. The Time Base can be either an HP 11848A Internal 10 MHz A or the 10 MHz B Source, or a Users VCO Source under Manual Control.
Considerations for the Phase Noise Using a Phase Lock Loop Measurement When loading a Test File from the Mass Storage Media, it is possible for the Source Control Diagram to be configured incorrectly. If the Source Control Diagram contained in a Test File that is being loaded specifies an instrument that is not listed in the current System Configuration Table, the HP 3048A will not be able to include the specified instrument in the Source Control Diagram.
Phase Noise Without Using a PLL Define Msrmnt Source Control ITHOUT ft PHASE LOCK LOOP HP ■i Phase ; i , | f t e - i 1 [HIT ~| ! -, .-■■: i - |— _r' Softkey and Block Description When configuring the Source Control Diagram, it is important that the correct connections are made and that the appropriate device is shown in each block being used. For the Phase Noise Without Using a PLL measurement type, the following blocks will appear in the display.
NOTE When measuring a Two Port device, the AM Noise con tribution of the Source can affect the measurement. It is recommended that a Source with Low AM Noise be used to ensure good results. Phase Shifter: When the source frequency cannot be adjusted, a Phase Shifter is required for achieving quadrature for the Residual Two Port measurement. DUT: The DUT blocks allow for either one or two devices to be configured in the measurement paths. The DUT blocks are positioned by pressing the Place DUTs softkey.
Considerations for the Phase Noise Without Using a PLL Measurement When loading a Test File from the Mass Storage Media, it is possible for the Source Control Diagram to be configured incorrectly. If the Source Control Diagram contained in a Test File that is being loaded specifies an instrument that is not listed in the current System Configuration Table, the HP 3048A will not be able to include the specified instrument in the Source Control Diagram.
Phase Noise Using an FM Discriminator Define Msrmnt : . Source Control SOURCE CONTROL FOR MEASUREMHSKSING RN FM DISCRIMINATOR - | f'has-? S h i f e r j 1 jiijT :JX)RCF_ USER'S S.RCE MANUAL SNTRL ijluaHrati, Softkey and Block Description When configuring the Source Control Diagram, it is important that the correct connections are made and that the appropriate device is shown in each block being used.
Phase Shifter: A Phase Shifter is required to achieve quadrature for the FM Discriminator measurement when the source frequency cannot be adjusted. Depending on the Quadrature Method selected, the HP 3048A responds differently. For example, if you specify "Quadrature will be established by adjusting the source frequency", you will have to adjust the frequency of the source to obtain quadrature, (unless the source is under System control).
Considerations for the Phase Noise Using an FM Discriminator Measurement When loading a Test File from the Mass Storage Media, it is possible for the Source Control Diagram to be configured incorrectly. If the Source Control Diagram contained in a Test File that is being loaded specifies an instrument that is not listed in the current System Configuration Table, the HP 3048A will not be able to include the specified instrument in the Source Control Diagram.
AM Noise Define Msrmnt Source Control _hh DE"!"LC7UR_ i-:.LP ■_. UL.'. HIRiT_ I i-.ER' S SRLL '. hfiWJHL '.NIKL CRL | fl Source Detect Softkey and Block Description When configuring the Source Control Diagram, it is important that the correct connections are made and that the appropriate device is shown in each block being used. For the AM Noise measurement type, the following blocks will appear in the display. DUT SOURCE: This block defines the signal source to be measured.
AM Detector: This block specifies the Amplitude Modulation Detector. In most cases, the AM Detector will be a USER'S device under manual control (although the System will allow you to specify the HP 11729C Option 130 as an AM Detector). The HP 11729C Option 130 includes an Internal AM Detector. The HP 11729C can be controlled manually, or it can be under System control when it has been entered in the System Configuration Table.
Considerations for the AM Noise Measurement When loading a Test File from the Mass Storage Media, it is possible for the Source Control Diagram to be configured incorrectly. If the Source Control Diagram contained in a Test File that is being loaded specifies an instrument that is not listed in the current System Configuration Table, the HP 3048A will not be able to include the specified instrument in the Source Control Diagram.
Define Graph Define Msrmnt ENTER THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS: Title..[J Minimum X Maximum X Minimum V Maximum V HP3B48A DEMO: ID Mhb "A" us. 10 MHz "B" coordinate [ 10 coordinate [ 100.£
Parameter Entry Descriptions HP304BR Ehp] 304BH DEMH: Ciirncr: ly ]O.E+b MHz '^" -33 Hz - . OE-I 199 n -to -20 -30 - -■ -40 -5 0 -60 -70 -30 -'30 - - *w 0 0 w ■ v ***i 'n IDS Other Keys Copy --^i^.;. IK L it i 10 DONE "V s " %^: P.O - - CdEc ' H ? : ]3h V: f CHi ] ioar j Lines Figure 2-28. Measurement Results Graph Title: This parameter allows you to enter a title for the Results Graph (up to 58 characters long).
Minimum Y Coordinate: This parameter specifies the upper limit of the Y axis. The entry can be in integer or exponential form. The acceptable limits are displayed on the screen. Units for the Y axis are determined by the Graph Type selected. This value must be less than the Maximum Y coordinate. Maximum Y Coordinate: This parameter specifies the lower limit of the Y axis. The entry can be in integer or exponential form. The acceptable limits are displayed on the screen.
Horizontal Portion of the Display to be Used: This parameter allows you to specify the percentage of the horizontal display area you want to use for displaying plots. If you are using a large high-resolution monitor and you want to print out a plot, part of the display's output may be ignored by a printer with less horizontal printing capability than shown on your display. Specifying a smaller amount of the display to be used for the plot allows the printer to print all of the plot shown on your display.
Placing Specification Lines on the Graph The Spec Lines feature allows you to place a reference line (specification line) on the Results Graph. The Spec Lines softkey accesses a display that allows you to define a specification line by entering the offset frequency and amplitude for up to 22 points along the line. The points are connected on the Results Graph with linear lines in the order in which they are entered. The Next Page softkey accesses points 12-22.
Consideration for Defining the Results Graph The HP 3048A will complete a measurement even though the ranges defined for the measurement are incorrect. Graph characteristics can be changed when the Measurement Results are displayed after the measurement is complete.
Test Files Define Msrmnt Test Files F i N I N , PARAMETERS 1 L N a . DEFAULT HEWLETT-PACKARD FACTORY NOISE FLATNESS TEST HEWLETT-PACKARD FACTORY NOISE FLOOR TEST 100 K HEWLETT-PACKARD FACTORY NOISE FLOOR TEST 40 M HEWLETT-PACKARD FACTORY SPUR ACC. TEST LOOK HEWLETT-PACKARD FACTORY SPUR ACC.
Description of the Test Files Test Files Shipped with the HP 3048A When the HP 3048A is shipped, it includes several predefined Test Files. The Test Files included in the Data Disc are described below. The Default file sets up the HP 3048A to measure the HP 11848A's Internal 10 MHz Sources (10 MHz A vs. 10 MHz B). This measurement provides a quick verification of the HP 3048A's ability to complete a Phase Noise measurement.
Floor Performance Test for a System configured with an HP 11729C Carrier Noise Set (Down Converter) and an HP 8662A or HP 8663A Synthesized Signal Generator. (Please refer to the HP 3048A Calibration Manual for details on when and how to perform these tests.) Softkey Descriptions Sort Files: lists the files in alphanumeric order instead of chronological order. Load File: recalls and loads the Test File specified by the cursor's position in the list.
Store File: stores a Test File onto the specified Mass Storage Media. The Test File contains the defined measurement parameters and the Calibration Constants derived during the last measurement. Considerations for Test Files The System Configuration Table is not stored with the Test File. When loading a Test File from the Mass Storage Media, it is possible for the Source Control Diagram to be configured incorrectly.
How to Manage the Test Files Storing a Test File It is recommended that you complete the measurement before storing the Test File to ensure that all of the entered parameters in the Measurement Definition are correct. Also, when the Test File is stored after the measurement has been completed, the correct calibration constants for the measurement are stored as well. You can then perform a Repeat Measurement directly after loading a Test File for measuring devices having similar characteristics.
Loading a Test File The following steps describe the procedure for loading a previously stored Test File. 1. Press Define Msrmnt 2. Press Test Files from the Main Software Level. to access the Test File Directory. 3. Position the cursor at the file you wish to load. (Press access the following pages, if necessary.) Next Page to 4. Once you have positioned the cursor at the file you wish to load, press the Load File softkey. 5.
3 Graphics Functions Introduction The HP 3048A Phase Noise Measurement System accesses the Graphics Functions through the Access Graph softkey. These Graphic Functions manipulate the measurement data results. For example pressing the Shift DONE softkey will redraw the graph without the horizontal graticules. A discussion of each function and its limitations are found on the following pages. Parameter Summary pg. 3-3 Result Files pg. 3-13 Define Graph pg. 3-19 Marker ON/OFF pg.
Param Summary Measure-men? Type F'HRSF UYKFD K Vi"0 HpthuJ FONPUTED Mar- Hffae' Fr eq 10 Hz ■unepw l . E + 6 (It™s ':iop OFfse' Freq lOu F*"; U, I'I'O Tune- Constant M^n imLim flve-r aqes h'esist. IOC I f c / V i . l t
Parameter Entry Descriptions The following is a listing of the parameters included in the summary along with a brief description of each parameter. Measurement Type: This parameter identifies the Measurement Type defined for the measurement. The Measurement Type determines which calibration methods are available and the parameters that are required. Start Offset Freq: This parameter is the minimum offset frequency defined for the measurement in the Type/Range display.
Carrier Frequency: The Carrier Frequency is used only for labeling the Results Graph, and for the calculation of Sy(f) and (Jy(r) when the HP 11729C Down Converter is not being used. If the Down Converter is defined to be under system control in the Source Control Diagram, the Carrier Frequency is used to select the proper HP 11729C band as specified in the System Configuration Table.
Center Voltage: This is the voltage defined for tuning the VCO to the center of its tuning curve, or to the carrier frequency desired for the measurement. The value of the Center Voltage determines the range of the Tune Voltage possible. -10 -5 -2 Center Center Voltage Voltage + - 1 - . 5 0 .5 of 1 2 5 VCO Tuning Curve Voltage Tuning Curve 10 (Volts) < 12V Figure 3 - 1 . HP 3048A Voltage Tuning Range Limits Relative to the Center Voltage of the VCO Tuning Curve.
For the system to measure the Tuning Constant accurately, the VCO must tune monotonically across ± 45% of the Voltage Tune Range around the Center Voltage, and the slope must not go to zero. If the VCO Tuning Constant is not measured by the system, the VCO must tune to within ± 10% of the Tune Voltage Range around the Center Voltage using the defined Tuning Constant.
K_VCO Method: This is the calibration method selected for determining the VCO Tuning Constant. If "Measure the VCO Tuning Constant" is selected, the Tuning Constant of the VCO is accurately measured by the system. If the Tuning Constant is not measured, then it is recommended that either the PLL Suppression is verified, the VCO is a calibrated source, or that the Tuning Constant has been verified in a previous measurement.
Loop Suppression: This indicates whether or not the Phase Lock Loop (PLL) Suppression was verified. The PLL Suppression verification verifies the accuracy of the Phase Detector Constant and VCO Tuning Constant. For all PLL measurements, the system generates a Theoretical Loop Suppression correction and applies it to the measured noise data.
Closed PLL Bandwidth: This is the predicted Phase Lock Loop Bandwidth (PLL BW) for the measurement. The predicted PLL BW is based on the predicted Peak Tuning Range (PTR) as shown in Figure 3-2. (Note that the predicted PLL BW value is not adjusted when the PTR is adjusted as a result of an Accuracy Specification Degradation.) 1M 100k 10k "a <: TJ C D CD _l _l 1k 100 10 _ 5//K - / ■ / 7 * — 1 1 ! 1 '/ / / - °;/y (/ - a. .1 I 1 .
Degradations of > 4 dB, the PTR and Assumed Pole are adjusted when the Theoretical Loop Suppression is fit to the smoothed measured Loop Suppression. In these cases, the system will not display the adjusted PTR.
Down Converter: This indicates whether or not a Down Converter is being used in the measurement. If the Down Converter being used is an HP 11729C, an indication is made as to whether it is under system or manual control. HP 11848A LNA: This indicates the state of the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) the HP 11848A Phase Noise Interface. The LNA is configured either In or Out depending on the output power level of the phase detector.
Result Files Access Graph 350-500 MHZ VCO 8' DISCRIMINATOR S656B OVEN OPT VS 8663(1 ST 100 MHZ % 6 2 A VS 8662A EFC Si AM NOISE 8341A 2.6 GHZ DEFAULT DISCRIMINATOR FREE RUNNING RF OSC VS 86408 5.1'? MHZ DC FM FREE-RUNNING PCS RES FLR 1.25 I, 2 F'LS MODULATORS PULSE RESIDUAL FLOOR 50 OHM TERMINATION To return (o 'ACCESS GRAPH' 1 17 20 19 ?6 S i 1 19 19 Apr Mar Mar Mar jar Apr Apr Apr Mar Mar 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1787 198? 1^37 1987 RESU_.
Description A Result File should be stored any time a permanent record of the results is required, such as for verification of performance testing during calibration, or when a "3 Oscillator Comparison" is performed. The HP 3048A is shipped with a "Default" Result File on the System Data Disc. This Result File contains phase noise measurement data for the HP 11848A Internal 10 MHz sources (10 MHz A vs. 10 MHz B).
Mass Storage: Accesses the Mass Storage Media display. The locations of the System files are defined in the Mass Storage Media display. Defining the Mass Storage Media allows you to store or load Result Files from various mass media locations. Read Dir.: Accesses the Result File Directory at the location specified in the Mass Storage Media display.
Consideration for Result Files Copying the Result Files using copy routines provided in the Basic Operating System will not update the Result File Directory and may cause loss of data. Copy Result Files from one disc to another by loading the Result File into the System and then Storing the Result File on to the other disc. When loading a result file, be certain you have specified the correct graph type for the file being loaded.
Storing a Result File Once a measurement is completed and the Results Graph is displayed, you can store the measurement data in a Result File. The following steps describe the storing process. 1. Press the Result Files softkey to access the Result File Directory display. 2. Move the cursor to the bottom of the File Name column. (If the page is full, press Next Page to access a page with available entry space.
Loading a Result File The following steps describe the procedure for loading a previously stored Result File. 1. Press Access Graph if you are at the Main Software Level. 2. Press Result Files to access the Result File Directory. 3. Position the cursor at the file you wish to load. (Press access the following pages, if necessary.) Next Page to NOTE The measurement data currently in memory will be over written when you load a Result File. 4.
Creating a Directory The following steps describe the procedure for creating a new Result File Directory (Parm_Dir). 1. Define the location of the "Test Result Files" in the Mass Storage Media Table. 2. Press the Create Dir softkey when the error message appears. (The error message indicates the HP 3048A has attempted to load the Parm_Dir from the new media and has determined that a Directory has not yet been created.) 3. Press the Fixed softkey to continue.
Define Graph Access Graph Define "^ HP , 3B4Bfi DEMO: 18 r\Hs "JB4BR C a r r i e r s 10.E+G Hz -LOITER Graph "H « , 10 MHz " B 1 23 c t 1397 J5H5:54 - 15:4Bi+2 T HE F0LL0H1NG PRRflMETERS: Titlf [3 NP3048P. DEMO; 10 MHz "fl" vs. H fsimnnim X coordinate Maximum X coordinate Omnium Y coordinate Maximum V coordinate Horizontal portion of display to be used Vertical portion of display to be used l.
Parameter Entry Descriptions Title: This parameter allows you to enter a title for the Results Graph (up to 58 characters long). Minimum X Coordinate: This parameter specifies the start value (frequency) for the X axis on the graph. The entry can be in integer or exponential form. The acceptable limits are l.E—3 Hz. to 10.E+9 Hz. This value must be less than the Maximum X coordinate. Maximum X Coordinate: This parameter specifies the stop frequency for the X axis on the graph.
Horizontal Portion of the Display to be Used: This parameter allows you to specify the percentage of the horizontal display area you want to use for displaying plots.
Graph Type Other than AM or Baseband Noise: This parameter specifies the data type in which the measurement results will be displayed. • Single-sideband phase noise (dDc/ Hz). The HP 3048A computes £ ( / ) d as: ff? ^ ^ f, and Plots the results in dBc. • Phase Modulation Spectral Density {dB/Hz). The HP 3048A computes S^(f) as: fl2 Sff,(f) dj, and plots the results in dB with respect to 1 radian (Radians, and Degrees). • FM Spectral Density (Hz/y/Hz).
Marker ON/OFF Access Graph Introduction The Marker function allows you to read the amplitude and frequency of the displayed noise or spur level at a discrete point. The Marker is accessed by pressing the Marker ON/OFF softkey that appears in the Graphics Display. The marker can be positioned using the right and left direction keys or the control knob. The Marker can be included on a printer hardcopy by pressing Hard Copy with the Marker function on.
Description The Marker's resolution is a function of the measurement span defined in the FFT and RF Segment Tables. Because each span for a particular analyzer contains the same number of data points, narrower spans provide better resolution than do wider spans. The following table lists the number at data points per span for supported analyzers.
Slope Lines Access Graph Introduction The Slope Line function allows you to position lines on the display for estimating the slope of the measured noise data. These lines can be outputted to a printer along with the Results Graph.
Softkey Descriptions Remove Line: Erases the line currently indicated by the position of the cursor. Hard Copy: Outputs the current display to the printer. SHIFT Hard Copy outputs the display and the current Parameter Summary to the printer. Move Up: Moves the Slope Line up. The cursor must be positioned on the line to be moved. New Line: Enables you to position a Slope Line. The knob and arrow keys rotate the displayed line through 360 degrees. Set Line: Sets the currently defined Slope Line.
Considerations for the Slope Lines Function Slope Lines can be stored in a Result File by storing the file after the Slope Lines have been defined. Slope Lines can be output to a printer, but not to a plotter. The slope of the line can be incremented (or decremented) in 1 dB steps between ± 100 dB/decade. The resolution along the Slope Line is a function of the measurement spans set in the FFT and RF Segment Tables.
Plotters Introduction The HP 3048A outputs the displayed graphics to the plotter. A Plotter offers better resolution and allows use of colors for designating such things as noise versus spurs, or multiple measurement results. (Plotter Pen selection is provided at the System Configuration Display.) The HP 3048A only supports HP-GL Plotters. Softkey Descriptions SHIFT Redraw Graph| outputs the current display to a plotter. is only the noise curve to a plotter.
Plot w/o Spurs Access pother Graph Keys' "yj Plot w/o Spurs Introduction The Plot Without Spurs function plots the measured noise data excluding the recognized spurs. This feature is helpful when evaluating the noise data at an offset frequency cluttered by a forest of spurs. The system uses an elaborate algorithm to remove the spurs and replace that area with continuous data.
Description The Plot without Spurs graphic function replots the noise data on the current graticule. Therefore, to eliminate the spurs of the current measurement results you must first press the Redraw Gratici softkey to create a new graticule, then press the Plot w/o Spurs softkey to display the noise data on the new graticule. To output the noise data without spurs to a Plotter press the SHIFT Plot w/o Spurs softkey.
V w K^> 1 VU L ^ i i
Computed Outputs Introduction The Computed Outputs are the output functions available after the completion of a noise measurement. These outputs are derived from the data currently in memory. Integrated Noise pg. 4-3 Sigma vs. Tau pg. 4-9 Normalized Bandwidth pg. 4-15 3 Osc. Comparison pg. 4-19 2 Osc. Comparison pg. 4-23 Spur List pg. 4-27 Spur List pg. 4-27 Phase Jitter in the Frequency Domain pg. 4-29 Scale Data pg. 4-33 Shift Data pg. 4-35 Input Power at Amplifier pg. 4-37 rev.
Integr Noise Ac c e s s 'V Graph > Other — ■ Keys Oi tputs i Cmputd V ■ - ./ integr Data Noise 'loc f [s'.ni'i 1 -•1 1 1 -t; IK D'J Ul! If« -r-B Pa'): i i W :-ilf.ji.j * . r.f- F-il D e i - . " Hr 1 r e n t a b l e Vail.--, ptirr -Ub !o Hi T'l l i D . E - . - i . O M K ' D PTSU T^ Introduction The Integrated Noise function integrates the selected noise type between specified start and stop frequencies. (Integrated noise is defined as the rms modulation in a frequency band.
The Integrated Noise feature allows you to include or omit the detected spurs in the calculation. Detected spurs are not integrated as noise, but they are included in the calculation as discrete power additions. Softkey Descriptions Data Type: Specifies the result for the Definite Integral. Delete Entry: Removes the row currently defined by the cursor. Eval Intgrl: Initiates the Definite Integral solution. *Omit Spurs: Initiates the Definite Integral solution without the addition of the spurs.
Start Freq. (in Hz) The system allows you to enter a start frequency within the range of the measured data. The (Acceptable Value) range is displayed in the lower left portion of the HP 3048A's display. Stop Freq. (in (Hz) The system allows you to enter a stop frequency within the range of the measured data. The (Acceptable Value) range is displayed in the lower left portion of the HP 3048A's display.
Frequency offsets > 100 kHz The HP 3048A System supports a number of RF Spectrum Analyzers for measuring frequency offsets greater than 100 kHz. The minimum fre quency resolution of any RF analyzer is determined from the frequency span selected to make the measurement. Systems with an RF analyzer can not integrate less than their frequency resolution, or the interval between two consecutive data points within the frequency span. RF analyzers typ ically have approximately 1000 data points per span.
Description How Does the HP 3048A Compute Integrated Noise? The software routine begins by storing the marked spurs within the specified start and stop frequency range. The marked spurs are then removed from the noise data. (A linear connection is made between the data points in the area where each spur was removed.) The remaining measured noise data is converted to noise power and integrated between the specified start and stop frequencies.
Considerations for Computing Integrated Noise Unable to Integrate Over Non-contiguous Data This message appears on the display if the measured noise data is non-contiguous over the range defined for the integration. The system cannot solve the Definite Integral over non-contiguous data. Any gaps (missing data) between the specified start and stop frequencies prevent the system from solving the Definite Integral.
Sigma vs. Tau 1 Access flccpptable To r e t u r n Values: to Groph 2 TO W ) ■COMPUTED SESULTS1 [ Pr Introduction The Sigma vs. Tau function calculates fractional frequency deviation (a) as a function of averaging time or measurement time (r) over the range of r permitted by the available phase noise data. This calculation requires that parameters N, T, and fh (cutoff frequency) be specified. • N is the number of frequency averages used to compute the mean frequency for the calculation of a.
Allan Variance is the fractional frequency deviation versus the averaging time when N = 2 and T = r. This section describes the process used by the HP 3048A to calculate sigma of r and the Allan Variance. Softkey Descriptions Eval Sigma: Initiates the calculation of Sigma when N, T, r, and fh are specified. Eval Allan: Calculates Sigma when r and fh are specified. *Omit Spurs: Calculates Sigma excluding the spur contributions for the specified entries.
NOTE The Sigma vs. Tau function uses the Carrier Frequency defined in the Instrument Parameters display for it computation. If Sigma vs. Tau is being computed for a Result File loaded from memory, be sure that the same Carrier Frequency used for the measurement is entered into the Instrument Parameters display. Allan Variance David Allan of the National Bureau of Standards recognized that (Ty2(r) is also a function of N and T for some noise processes.
where: Sy(f) = ^ S * ( / ) This equation is numerically integrated in the HP 3048A software. The lower limit of integration, 0, is replaced by the minimum offset frequency for which there is data in memory (fmin). Because arbitrarily low frequency data is not available, the maximum possible r for which
Table 4-3 shows the relationship of L(f) to Allan Variance for a power low-noise process. Using this table, an estimate of <7y(r) can be made directly from a phase noise plot. Table 4-3. Relation of Z(j) to Allan Variance Slope of £(f) (dB/decade) White Phase 0 Flicker Phase -10 White Freq. -20 Flicker Freq. -30 Random Walk Freq. -40
Normalized Bandwidth _Access Graph ■' :> Other Keys > Cmputd Outputs j ] H- ha Introduction The Normalized Bandwidth function mathematically adjusts the measured noise data to a user specified bandwidth. The HP 3048A allows you to select bandwidths other than the default value of 1 Hz. Some applications, such as Doppler radar require that the results are plotted in other than a 1 Hz bandwidth (BW). The Normalized Bandwidth value can be changed before or after the measurement is made.
Considerations When Changing the Normalized Bandwidth Changing the BW effects the noise data but does not effect the spur level. The HP 3048A does not normalize marked spurs. However, unmarked spurs are treated as noise. Spurs are always marked at their actual level regardless of the normalization bandwidth. For example, changing the BW from 1 Hz to 10 Hz will raise the plotted noise data by 10 dB (10 log 10 H z / 1 Hz). The level of the marked spurs will not change.
Normalization to 0 Hz Bandwidth When you enter a Normalized Bandwidth of 0 Hz, the system plots the measured noise data without normalizing it. Plotting the measured data without normalization, causes all spurs, marked or unmarked to be plotted at their true level in dBc. The criteria for marking spurs is a function of the number of averages and the level of the spur. Spurs that were not marked in a 1 Hz Normalized Bandwidth can be observed at their actual level when there's no normalization of the noise.
3 Osc. Compar. Access Graoh .- u '"'—> Other Keys' "' N C m o u t d '> 3 Outputs! Osc.Cornpar. "Kis d a u - f i k s io tip used : r iKe three osc Lla.or coinpar I sen musl have been generated usir-q m ? r - ; . : a l ^easLremenl seotien's arc i d e r ' i c a ! i f ' s e t f ' e i u e i c , ' -anqes. ■fecillatoi- B: 'Jscillatoc : ; 05f B ( t ? ? 2 ! OSC C (0619) f i l e containing H J S . 6 . . . . t i l e c o n t a i n i n g B *s>. r . . . 'ACLLSTOfi (1 ( 2 5 1 ' ! VS (fiClli.
Description The 3 Oscillator Comparison function computes the noise level of three separate devices by measuring them in pairs (A vs. B, A vs. C, and then B vs. C). To achieve accurate results, each of the three measurements must be performed under the same conditions (frequency, measurement range, and segment definition). The system computes the noise level of each device by comparing and analyzing the measurement results for each of the three noise measurements.
How to Make a 3 Oscillator Comparison 1. Measure the phase noise level of the three devices, measuring them in pairs, and store the results in three separate files. (A vs. B, A vs. C, and B vs. C). (Refer to Result Files in Chapter 3, Graphic Functions if you need information about storing Result Files.) 2. Access the 3 Oscillator Comparison display from the main software level by pressing Access Graph Other Keys Cmputd Outputs 3 Osc. Compar.
each result indicating that the data was computed, and only represents the noise level of one device. 10. To recall the results of each device, access the Results Directory by pressing DONE Result Files 11. To load a Result File, position the cursor at the appropriate title in the directory and press Load File 12. To display the noise graph on the current graticule, press Other Keys Done Plot Data 13. Pressing Redraw new data.
2 Osc. Compar. Ac cess Graph /] Othsr Keys x ] Cmputd Outputs ' )| 2 Osc.Comp ar.ii lire d a t a - i l e a to be aed ]|- the tur. w : 1 l a t . v .jci.Tdit'.: ..al ^ea^Lremant ae'jmanta arl c. J r H i . u n II (,. i f l ! : | fi3 fl (25171 Hi i. (liei 1 ?! !BJ: Filr- ,-.,ot 3 mi.. FIIP [: ,-oita - . -(-mp.nl l i e n mini ider-|._a! 'if =>"' fi '-'lu-'ii.., g i i . . . i1 U L . 1 , ! ; iiVILjr'.'k H VL.
Parameter Entry Descriptions Known Osc. The 3 Oscillator Comparison function must be used to determine the noise level of the reference device (Known Osc). Once a known reference level is established, the HP 3048A subtracts the reference noise from the measurement results. The 2 Oscillator Comparison function is only valid if the Measurement Definition parameters and the segment table parameters are kept the same for the reference device vs.
2. Access the 2 Oscillator Comparison display from the main software Access Graph Other Keys Cmputd Outputs level by pressing 2 Osc. Compar. NOTE The system expects to find the results for the 2 Oscillator Comparison stored in the defined mass storage. 3. Enter the title for each of the devices into the Oscillator A and B rows. (You are limited to 35 characters in the title.) We suggest using device related nomenclatures and serial numbers as a method for titling the devices. 4. Press the A VS.
Considerations for Making a 2 Oscillator Comparison Unmarked spurs can cause erroneous results for the 2 Oscillator Com parison. Marked spurs are automatically stripped out during the compu tation, unmarked spurs are not. Unmarked spurs prevent the system from performing a proper subtraction since spurs cannot be subtracted on a power basis. Observe the measurement results to insure that a minimum of unmarked spurs are present around the offsets of interest.
Spur List Access Graph ' ".')] Other Keys ! !;"~"!.» Cmputd Outputs 1 [ > s P ur S!ar1 Frequency I.HzJ : | 11) h\op l-retaiemy i l l ; ) . LW.L''< G F , F r e ^ . 1Hz; ) II. - p - a h i - ■Jrcl.n-v !.'■ Tr. i ^ p j ' ^mc! . ' dEk ; 9 i . ?:■ ' I S 11 -111? B -1E3.9 -I2LM1 - !tfi.b l>i..' n ? ;-141 120 1-Fit) :'(n ion 420 48U '.".'!) 7iil ..-c. To r e t u r n to UJMRJTiO fL3*JL f'.-. ■ . List . . .1 " .
Table 4-4. HP 3048A Spur Marking Criteria Offset Frequency Number of Averages Required Amount Spur Must Project Out of Noise to be Marked <4 30 dB 4 to < 8 17 dB 8 to < 3 0 12 dB >30 6dB NA 4dB .01 Hz to 100 kHz >100 kHz to 40 MHz Considerations for the Spur List Function The Spur List function can list a maximum of 100 spurs from between the start and stop measurement range.
Phase Jitter in the Frequency Domain Frequency domain jitter may be expressed in units of phase, frequency fractional frequency, or time. Jitter is the total rms fluctuation of the particular quanity incurred when integrated over a specified frequency range. The square root of the integral of spectral density of phase fluctuations, S^if), over the (modulation rate range) is the phase jitter of that range.
Frequency domain Phase Jitter in Unit Intervals Calculated by the User with the following equation. *rm,[Ur\ = &[$S4l(f)df]h Time Jitter in the Frequency Domain Phase Jitter in the frequency domain can be expressed as a time jitter in the frequency domain. Calculated by the User with the following equation. trms[Sec\ - 2 ^ y^ S6{f)df 7& Phase Jitter in the Time Domain Time domain Jitter may be expressed in units of phase or time.
Time domain Phase Jitter in degrees Calculated by the User with the following equation. Arms[deg] - ay(r, / / i )360°^ 0 r Time domain Phase Jitter in Unit Intervals Calculated by the User with the following equation. &rms[UI] = <7J,(T, fh)VQT Time Jitter in the Time Domain Calculated by the User with the following equation.
Scale Data "Scale data to new carrier freq defined as: (fc) * [1]" (where fc is the defined carrier freqeuncy in the Instrument Parameters menu), allows you to plot results based on frequency changes in the carrier. This feature allows you to plot the noise of the measured source to a translated frequency. The carrier freqeuncy is shown on the same line opposite the field for entering the scale factor. The scale factor is a direct multiple.
Shift Data "Shift all data (including spurs) DOWN by ...[0] dB" allows you to move the noise plot up or down by entering a shift factor. Entering a positive number moves the plotted data down. Entering negative number raises the plot data. Use this function to compensate for known errors in the source being tested. reu.
Input Power at Amplifier "Input power at amplifier for Noise Figure computation...[0] dBm" is used to create Noise Figure plots. Enter the input power level of the amplifier under test. rev.
Special Functions Introduction The Special Functions allow the advanced user to manipulate the system or customize a measurement using the extended capabilities provided by the HP 3048A. These functions are recommended to be used only by those who understand how the function will affect the measurement and the system. Test Mode pg. 5-3 Carrier Type pg. 5-9 FFT Segments pg. 5-13 RF Segments pg. 5-23 Noise Monitor/New Noise Monitor pg. 5-29 11848 Control pg. 5-35 3048 System Checks pg.
Test Mode Spcl. To To Id To To ro check !be per f.y marine o ( HF3U48R '?ybtem change the test mode modify meas. bectnrenib between DC and 100 k H r . . . . '-tianqe the .-ar'-iPi- type modify rtieab. beqmertb inetuet-i 1CICI k-fc- inrj '5"' MHr i n t e r a c t i v e l y c o n t r o l the Hf| l:j4:.:fi Test Mode: !■.■ t h e ^ ^ ITidln B ^ g Funct'n Prebb f'res5 Press Pi ebb Press '"'"- '3048P, c.ys f h k ' 1 'Tesi Mode' ] 'TT oer|r, i 'Cdi i ler Type' " PP '".eqs " ^ s p ^ n .
Description Normal Test The Normal Test Mode is the default operating condition for the HP 3048A. The Normal Test Mode configures the system to perform each measurement in the minimum time and with the minimum amount of operator assistance. Trouble Shoot Mode The Trouble Shoot Test Mode is helpful for trouble shooting the mea surement.
Phase Lock Loop Suppression Configuring the HP 3048A in the Trouble Shoot Mode also causes the system to display the plot of the PLL Suppression Curve when it is verified during the measurement calibration, whether an accuracy specification degradation occurs or not. Note that the PLL Suppression verification must be defined in the Calibration Process display prior to the measurement in order for verification to occur.
PLL GAIN CHANGE: This is the amount of gain change required to fit the Theoretical Loop Suppression curve to the measured loop suppression. A PLL GAIN CHANGE of greater than 1 dB will create an Accuracy Specification Degradation Error. If an Accuracy Specification Degradation is detected, the amount of error is determined from either the PLL GAIN CHANGE or the MAX ERROR, which ever is larger. The degradation itself is 1 dB less than the greater of these.
The PTR displayed should be approximately equal to the product of the VCO Tune Constant times the Voltage Tune Range. This will not be the case when a significant Accuracy Specification Degradation is detected ( > 4 dB) by the Loop Suppression Verification. In this case, the PTR and Assumed Pole are adjusted when fitting the Theoretical Loop Suppression to the smoothed measured Loop Suppression, and the system will not display the adjusted PTR.
VCO CONSTANT: This is the VCO Tuning Constant the system used for the measurement. The accuracy of the Tuning Constant determines the accuracy of the PLL noise measurement for offset frequencies greater than or equal to the phase lock loop bandwidth. The accuracy of the Tuning Constant is verified if the PLL Suppression is Verified. The Tuning Constant times the Voltage Tuning Range determines the Peak Tune Range (PTR) value for the measurement.
Carrier Type Spcl. ..r check the |.w f'..f man.-- r,f HFLTMSfi .-yalen [ <:hancie thp test mud. mortify rneab. beame'i p-u.--.--n rn" an..! li.i:.' k H ^ . . . . L -.hdiiqe the '"arr : , T tyc ' f . - „ « n 1 i"J'"J ».hr i'i:- ^.' f : " . r , To i i l e i d ' . t i v e l v ■".-, l-r- H -l!H4 : :ii. . . . " To I-.. Ti T-j Funct'n Pr*-S5 ;-14SH --ys Oik' J F'lesb ■ T-r^t tlorlp 1 i''e5S F^T :.er.is J P--S5 ■.=,,, . r , | / P P I I-''via ^ >iv> 1 T'-.--.-, ! 1 --49H .
Description Pulse Modulated Carriers When a pulse modulated carrier is input to the phase detector, the PULSED Carrier Type usually should be selected. Selecting the PULSED Carrier Type configures the system to display the LNA Toggle softkey each time the decision to switch the Low Noise Amplifier in or out must be made. The user is responsible for choosing the correct state for the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA). To determine if the LNA should be in or out, connect an oscilloscope to the AUX.
1—_*-\ [ \ .2V/div Figure 5-2.
FFT Segmnts [_Spc 1. -unct'n s sgrnn tsj FFT ^ U™ Meabur-emen t Range ' Hz) Plotted Range (H;) !DF1 10 [ r"in in 11 n") - son 500 IS*'. 0 n son son i.f-> t - 1CIE+3 11 i'"iE> - !UOE>: II i-iceptabie Values: 1 10 100 0 100 l.E-i to Win. *4a BW (Hz! 1 1 .010 -. .955 o.'dl'i 4.774 95.*3i 754.050 Time Record Length (Sec ends) .1)95 30 i.E+J ;0f» : : }(■ SDDE+i: 10'J inn 400.000 40.000 ». 000 1 . nOG .300 .040 .004 100.D To r e t u r n tn 'flDVHNCED-USEK F'ONU IONS'. .
Description The Default Table Values The default FFT Segment Table provides an optimum set of values for most noise measurements. The default Segment Table values should be used the first time a new measurement is made. This guarantees that any measurement problems are not due to the defined segment table. Storing the Table Segment Table data is stored whenever a Test File is created. When a Test File is loaded, the Segment Table data is set to the values stored in the Test File.
Ranges The Measurement Range entries in the Segment Table define the measure ment bandwidth of each segment. The Plotted Range entry defines what portion of the measured data will be plotted on the Results Graph. The Plotted Range can be the same as, or a subrange of the Measurement Range within the following limitation: ,,. . _. .
Considerations for Changing the Minimum Number of Averages The default Minimum Average values have been selected so that the measurement time for each Measurement Range is approximately equal to the time it takes to process and plot the data taken during the previous measurement. Increasing the number of averages reduces the scatter of the points around the true noise; however, it may also increase the time it takes to complete the measurement.
Time Record Length The Time Record Length is also determined by the HP 3561A Frequency Span and cannot be set independently. The Time Record Length is the approximate time it takes the analyzer to measure and record data for one measurement of the Measurement Range. Table 5-1 shows the relationship between span, record lengths, and display resolution for the HP 3561A. Table 5 - 1 .
How to Change the FFT Segment Table Example for Decreasing Measurement Time The default FFT Segment Table can be modified to speed-up the measure ment by performing the following procedure. 1. Delete the first two lines in the default table by placing the cursor on the first line and pressing the Delete Segment softkey twice. 2. Change the first entry under "Plotted Range" to 1.
Decreasing Measurement Time for Measuring .1 Hz Offsets The entries shown in the following table provide a decrease in measure ment time for measuring down to .1 Hz minimum offsets. In this example, spurs < 1 Hz will not be marked. Plotted Range (Hz) 10E-3 .1 10 100 500 1E+3 i0E+3 1 10 100 500 1E+3 10E+3 100E+3 0 0 0 100 500 0 0 Measurement Range (Hz) Min. Av'g BW CHz) Time Record Length (Seconds) - 1 1 5 30 30 100 100 .010 .095 .955 3.819 4.774 95.485 954.850 400.000 40.000 4.000 1.000 .800 .
Example for Increasing Measurement Resolution The FFT Segment Table shown below demonstrates how measurement resolution can be increased by dividing a Measurement Range into several parts. In this example, the default Measurement Range (0 to 10E+3 Hz) is divided into three ranges (1E+3 to 2E+3, 2E+3 to 3E+3, and 0 to 10E+3). This changes the bandwidth from 95.485 to 9.548 Hz over this range. Since the new bandwidth is less than 60 Hz, the 60 Hz spurs become visible on the plot.
Example for Increasing Measurement Resolution at Specific Frequencies The FFT Segment Table shown below is configured to cause the HP 3048A to measure and plot the phase noise of a signal at specific offsets from the carrier frequency. This technique will generally give better resolution for each unique point analyzed, but the measurement may take longer due to the smaller bandwidth at each offset frequency. The segments can be either continuous, or separated into isolated segments.
RF Segmnts Spcl. RF Funct'n Segmnts SWEEP-SEGMENT DEtWTlONS FOR RF ANALYZER Plotted Range I Hz) KiOE+3 3 5G0E+3 s.E.E*b 4CIE-6 c iilDE + ;: '...E+h f*l ''H-l .EO n.F+3 n.E4; Video BW (Hz) -.user, T:me U"i ;:o lun ixep1ai.il? Values: l . F - 0 TO 40.E+b T-. r e t u r n to 'RDVnWEO Ir.FR FlSNCTllM.' . I !■■ ' rts ■ L«M Introduction The HP 3048A measurements are made by measuring one segment of frequency data at a time.
Description The Default Table Values The default RF Segment Table provides an optimum set of values for most noise measurements from 100 kHz to 40 MHz. The default RF Segment Table values should be used the first time a new measurement is made. This guarantees that any measurement problems are not due to the RF Segment Table. Measurement Range (Hz) Plotted Range (Hz) 100+3 500+3 5E+6 - 500E+3 5E+6 40E+6 0 0 0 500E+3 5E+6 40E+6 Min. Av'g BW (Hz) Video BW (Hz) Sweep Time 1 1 1 3.E+3 10.E+3 30.
Considerations for Modifying the Segment Table There is a basic trade-off between the resolution of a measurement and the time the measurement takes. To increase measurement resolution, fre quency, or amplitude, you must be willing to accept longer measurement times. It may be possible, however, to minimize the increase in measure ment time and still get the increased measurement resolution you need over a specific portion of the graph by decreasing the resolution for other portions of the graph.
Bandwidth The Bandwidth is automatically set by the HP 3048A to the appropriate value for each Measurement Range. The bandwidths defined in the RF Segment Table should not exceed those specified in the default RF Segment Table, but the bandwidths can be of finer resolution if desired. Bandwidths should typically be 1 kHz, 3 kHz, 10 kHz, 30 kHz, etc. These bandwidths are available on all supported RF analyzers. However, if your particular RF analyzer supports other bandwidths, they can be used.
Sweep Time The defined Sweep Time value for each segment affects the accuracy of the measurement results more than any other parameter in the RF Segment Table. The following procedure can be used to decrease the Sweep Time below the spectrum analyzer's normal setting for the specified frequency span, resolution bandwidth, and video bandwidth and maintain measurement accuracy. 1. Connect a signal to the RF analyzer input.
Noise Monitor / NewNse Monitor Spcl. Funct'n Noise | Spcl. Funct'n NewNse Monitor Monitor! REAL-TIME NOISE HON To modify the v a l i d nt-asui"eraefit - , p a n . . . . To setup thp s p e c i f i e d measurement span. To read 'tie nosbf a! the j j b i f i i M r k p - . . . HPF ■-.tar tit ff; eq: M |ii.F+-. l&.E+i H H Last M.ark^ : 4:~'.5Fi Type '/./ ; S.7 44E-b I44F-1? ; DOME Lock Loop WvflNlXD I =SFP F'NCTilWV L'T L u t ' . f f i ':.toa F'ea: H")0.E<": 100.
Noise Monitor vs. New Noise Monitor Noise Monitor and New Noise Monitor are the same function except that when the New Noise Monitor softkey is selected, a measurement calibration is completed before the noise data is displayed. When the Noise Monitor softkey is selected, the HP 3048A assumes that a measurement has already been made during which the measurement calibration constants were created.
Take Sweep: Performs a sweep of the displayed frequency span as defined in the Segment Table, from the Start Freq. to the Stop Freq. Take Sweep will use the frequency spans specified in the FFT and RF Segment Tables to measure the Sweep span specified. (The number of sweeps taken for each measurement is determined by the number of averages defined in the Type/Range display and in the segment table.) Span: Steps through the frequency spans defined in the FFT and RF Segment Tables.
How to Use Noise Monitor Evaluating a Single Offset Frequency 1. Press the SPAN softkey to increment the frequency span. The increment values are the measurement ranges denned in the segment tables. 2. Press Take Sweep Take Sweep sets up the Interface, autoranges the analyzer, measures the span, and holds the averaged display. NOTE Noise Monitor allows the user to manipulate the Front Panel controls of the analyzer. After the Interface is set up, the analyzer settings can be changed.
NOTE The user is responsible for setting the Front Panel con trols on the analyzer for Real Time Measurements. The HP 3048A Noise Monitor function will return calibrated values for the points of interest as long as the bandwidth has not been changed from the bandwidth set up by the Take Sweep function as specified in the RF or FFT Segment Table. 1. Press the Span softkey to set the Start Freq. and Stop Freq. as defined in the Segment Table. 2.
NOTE The MARKER "ANALYZER" function should only be used within the offset frequency ranges defined in the Plot Ranges in the RF Segment Table. To acquire calibrated data at frequencies outside the range of the current span, it is necessary to change the Start Freq. and Stop Freq. and do another Take Sweep. To Display the Noise in the Time Domain on the HP 3561A 1. Press Span to select the desired Start and Stop frequencies. 2.
11848A Control Spcl. Funct'n "> 1 184f Control IMIfeEMil^a.lWx^flaMdBHM.i URIM1: '".flit:: flTTENl fl7TEN2 flTTEX XKKI.E- scl KZOO.E- >i '..WIRH NUMDER; F SWITCH NUMBER: LflLMEflD FILTER: ■_.EL£C FED 1< -".^TTCHF-".: SELECTED 'L PITCHES: '.-.ELEilED : \WITi"HE".: Iv.e^aol j«. if ■} 1:' l : !4 ]v ! <\ l i '.c, 17 IF: . ' 1L'. ."_■ I'V 12.
Description NOTE If HP 11848A settings are changed by the user, it is possible for the Measurement Results to not be valid until a New Measurement is performed. Also, it may be possible to damage external equipment connected to the HP 11848A as a result of changing the settings within it. The 11848A Control function is useful for setting up special measurement conditions to assist in diagnosing a suspected Interface problem, and to give the user a snapshot of the signal path configuration.
Table 5-3. List of Circuit Controls for the HP 11848A (1 of 2) Control Description Acceptable Values DAC1 Digital to analog converter summed into the summing amplifier for PLL Tune Voltage and Center Voltage. -12.75 to 12.75V in 50 mV steps. DAC2 Digital to analog converter that controls coarse Frequency Set voltage for the HP 11848A internal VCOs. Oto 12.75V in 50 mV steps. DAC3 Digital to analog converter that controls fine Frequency Set voltage for the HP 11848A internal VCOs.
Table 5-3. List of Circuit Controls for the HP 11848A (2 of 2) Control Description Acceptable Values H SWITCH NUMBER: Programmable rotary switch that switches in the High Pass Filter paths. 0 through 7 F SWITCH NUMBER: Programmable rotary switch that switches the Low Pass Filter paths. 0 through 6 LAG-LEAD FILTER: Programmable filter that selects the poles and zeros of the PLL circuit path.
Considerations When Using the 11848A Control Moving the Cursor Use the TAB key to move the cursor horizontally left to right. (SHIFT TAB moves the cursor right to left.) Use the up and down arrow keys to move the cursor vertically. The right/left arrow key as well as the keyboard knob will also control the cursor. Entering Field Values Value entries are made by positioning the cursor to the appropriate field and then keying in the desired value.
K Switches Switches K8 and K9 switch together, and switches K l l and K14 switch together. Thus, if "8" is keyed into the K switch field, "8" and "9" will both appear in the field after sending the command and both switches will be placed in the state opposite to that shown in the Block Diagram (that is, the Low-Noise Amplifier will be switched in). Furthermore, to remove switch 8 from the field, both "8" and "9" must be removed. L Switches The L switches control a variety of functions.
Block Diagram Notes HP 118+8A PHASE NOISE! INTER Switches on tine Block Diagram are shown in their HP-IB preset state. At Interface turn-on with no controlier connected, the power-up state is the same as the HP-IB preset state except: a ATTEN 1 is set to an open-circuit (non-programmable) state, and b the switches of ciuster S5 through S8 are ali open. 2. The transfer function of GAIN 2 also has a lead-lag response as follows: 33.5 kHz A4 PHA MICROWAVE PHASE DETECTOR COPTION 211) 1.
-^- "=:L::i:^^^¥^fiT"-'Kri^^J.Uif^ n^^t=H^?.i !.l|l pfT^T-i^^^^^T^] A9 400 MHz OSCILLATOR ASSEMBLY r. 58 dB dB 50 « ■ MM» OSCILLATOR R I I PAD PAD T P* TP12 TPI4 TP16 400 MHz -5 dBm J AMPLIFIERS.
3048A Sys Chk I Spci. Funct'n 3048A Sys Chk HF1 3CI48F! SYSTEM CHECKi To v e r i f y s u i t o h m g Einrj operation of the Hf'l L t'rcbi T n . j i ! To v e r i f y HP' n...;t.r I Pre;.:. ' F o r ' . To ■zalibrate HF'iifKiJfi I n t e r n e ■ Frenr> fsl !o make i n t e r n a l adjustments to HF11G48H.... ' Press i n t . f-Vlj ■wit. J To <.«5t HP11S48H i n t e r n a l DRC's r To • e t u r n to 'RDVBNUED-USER FiJNCT ] LiN^'. . Press .[ L 'ress Chk.
Softkey Descriptions The following functions are available from the HP 3048 System Checks display. Int. Adj'mt: Accesses the adjustment procedures for the HP 11848A's internal circuitry. Fnctl. Chk.: Accesses the functional checks for verifying operation (in cluding switching) of the HP 11848A. Dae Tests: Accesses the DAC tests for checking each bit of the digital-toanalog converters within the HP 11848A.
Description The Calibration Routines The Cal System softkey accesses the calibration routines for the Phase Lock Loop path and the HP 11848A. These calibration routines generate CALDATALO and CALDATAHI for the system, and the nominal voltages (VNOMS) for setting the HP 11848A's internal sources. The following is a list of the calibration capabilities provided for the system: • Calibration of the HP 11848A Phase Noise Interface measurement paths (Cal to 100 kHz and Cal to 40 MHz).
How to Manage Calibration Data Loading Calibration Data The Load Caldata softkey initiates the routine to load caldata from the mass media. If the System's mass media is a hard disc or SRM and the HP 11848A has been returned from repair or annual calibration with a System Data disc containing the new Calibration Data, you will need to load the new calibration data onto the mass media. The following steps describe the loading process. 1.
System Configuration Introduction The System Configuration menu allows you to set up a table of supported equipment that you want to have under HP-IB control. It verifies which instruments are configured on the bus and whether or not they are responding. System Configuration also allows you to set the system clock, load/store the configuration table, set the mass storage ID, choose plotter pens, and set 11729C filters.
The HP 3048A uses the System Configuration to determine: • Which instruments are on the bus. • Available selections on the Source Control display. • Maximum offset frequency (with or without an RF Analyzer). Table 6 - 1 .
RF Sources System FFT ANALYZER INTERFACE PRINTER RF SOURCE 1 RF SOURCE 2 RF SOURCE 3 RF SOURCE 4 3561 Pi 118480 THK JET RR62R 86425 8656B 8S57A 712 720 701 719 n\P, !Vd 001 Config 717 B 71fi Q acceptable Values; 700 TO 3.13E+ - e l u r n to >he man- software level 1 Pre Introduction RF Sources are supported by the HP 3048A Phase Noise Measurement System to automate the measurements. The sources can be configured to set the output frequency, amplitude, and modulation over the HP-IB.
Table 6-2. Source Specifications Frequency Range Maximum Output Level Maximum FM Peak Deviation HP 8662A 10 kHz to 1280 MHz > +13dBm (typ. +16 dBm) 200 kHz at 640 to 1280 MHz Tuning with DC FM EFC, or 10 MHz A/B HP 8663A 100 kHz to 2560 MHz > +16dBm (typ. +19dBm) 400 kHz at 1280 to 2560 MHz Tuning with DC FM EFC, or 10 MHz A/B HP 8642A 100 kHz to 1057.5 MHz > +16 dBm (typ. +19 dBm) 1.5 MHz at 528.7 MHz to 1057.5 MHz Tuning with DC FM HP 8642B 100 kHz to 2115 MHz > +16dBm (typ.
Description To configure a supported RF Source into the system, enter the Name (RF Source), Model Number, and HP-IB Address into the System Configura tion Table. (If more than one RF source is needed in the system configu ration, enter "RF Source 1", "RF Source 2"... to identify each source.) The Serial Number and Option Number of the RF Source may also be entered. Under Define Measurement, configure the Source Control display block diagram to include the specified RF Source in the Ref.
Considerations When Choosing an RF Source HP 8662A/HP 8663A Performance HP S6G2/-3R w i t h 18 k H z DCFM, [ h p ] 3048R C a r r i e r : G40.E+G Hz 10 MHz R, a n d E T C . ( U / D S p u r s 33 Mar 1399 11:24:15 - 11:31:01 OfftM from Cirriar (Hz) 1,110 120 m m 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M lyn. -78 -108 -126 -132 -138 -139 -145 SpflC. -68 -98 -116 -126 -132 -133 12010 160 MHz TIP. -76 -106 -125 -135 -148 -148 Spac. -66 -96 -115 -129 -142 -142 160 to 320 MHz Tm.
Tuning the HP 8662A or HP 8663A The HP 8662A or HP 8663A can be used as the VCO in a phase lock loop using three different configurations. These configurations have different tuning characteristics and different levels of noise performance. The HP 8662A and HP 8663A have the best noise performance when tuned with EFC (electronic frequency control). EFC tunes the internal HP 8662A/63A internal 10 MHz Reference Time Base. The internal time base tunes approximately 0.05 Hz/V over ±10V at 10 MHz.
SOURCE CONTROL FOR HEftSUREMENT USINGftPHASE LOCK LOOP _ D N CONV._ NOT IN USE OUT UP i1848ft USER'S SRCE MRNUflL CNTRL REF SOURCE 3662H SYSTEM CNTRL _Tif€ 6ftSE_ NOT IN USE TUNE VOLTRGE DONE Control EFC / Tune OCFM Voltage Ret. Source Time Base Down Convert Figure 6-2. EFC Tune Voltage Center- V o l t . : 0 V. ISEP S VERIFY BEfiTNOTE < i MHz a DLIT W 156 1 H OUT ■ 8bE,2R 1 134BR - EFC IN V Range: +/- Z V.
DC FM can also be used to tune the HP 8662A/63A. DC FM provides wide peak tuning range for measuring sources that have high close-in noise or spurs, or that drift. DC FM will degrade the noise performance of the HP 8662A/63A. The noise performance of the HP8662A/63A is unspecified in DC FM mode. The graph shows typical performance. Table 6-3. Maximum Peak Deviation for the HP 8662/63A Center Frequency (MHz) Maximum Peak Deviation DC Mode (kHz) 0.
VER FY BEflTNOTE a USER'S DUT F»F OUT • 3 5S1R 8662A I ■■■- FM I K FJF OUT - 1S4QH D 10 0 0 1 1 3585R 50 Ohn ■ Figure 6-5. DC FM Connect Diagram 10 MHz A can be used as an external time base for the HP 8662A/63A to increase the tuning capability. The phase noise performance of the HP 11848A 10 MHz A is better than DC FM yet slightly worse than the HP 10811 internal reference for the HP 8662A/63A. 10 MHz A has a 10 Hz/V tuning constant and can be tuned over ±10V.
The amount of tuning allowed at the external reference input to the HP 8662/63A is restricted to a ±25 ppm deviation and by the HP 3048A PLL bandwidth. 10 kHz is the maximum PTR allowed when tuning the external reference. Using the maximum tuning graph, Figure 6-6, determine the maximum PTR allowed at the time base and restrict the Voltage Tuning Range so it will not exceed that range.
NOTE The Source Control diagram and Connect diagram show the 10 MHz A front panel output connected to the Time Base input of the HP 8662A/63A. This output is at +16 dBm and will over drive the Time Base input if not attenuated. The correct input level to the HP 8662A/63A external Time Base is 7 to 10 dBm. The HP 11848A provides a rear panel 10 MHz A output of +7 dBm designed to be used for this application. SOURCE CONTROL FOR MERSUREMENT USINGflPHASE LOCK LOOP DUT HP U 8 4 8 A _ D N C0NV.
Center V o l t . : 0 V. VERIFY BEfiTNOTE USER'S DUT RF OUT - 35G 1R 1 1 a4SH RF OUT • Press 'Proceed' when ready. a 1 | 0 0 0 □ """ 5B Ohn ■ Figure 6-8. 10 MHz A Time Base Connect Diagram 10 MHz B has a tuning constant of 100 Hz/V and can be used as an external time base. However, 10 MHz B has little advantage over 10 MHz A due to the restriction for maximum PTR discussed previously. Because 10 MHz B has a wider tuning range, it also has a higher noise level.
SOURCE CONTROL FOR MEASUREMENT USINGflPHASE LOCK LOOP _[!N CONV._ NOT [N USE OUT USER'S SRCE MANUAL CNTRL HP 118480 _REF SOURCE^ 8662A SYSTEM CNTRL y _TiME BflSE_ 10 MHz 'E' SYSTEM CNTRL DONE TUNE VOLTAGE Ref. Time Source 8ase Control Down Convert Figure 6-9. Time Base Tune Voltage Using 10 MHz B Center Volt.: -40.E-3 V. If- ?ER 'E SBGc VERIFY BEATNOTE < 1 MHz V Range: ♦/- 2 V. r UT 1FJT ■ MJT ■ n PF U Hrri L J - L —J Press 'Proceed' when ready.
HP 8642A Performance [hp] HP T E S T 8 E 4 2 F V B V S . 8G6: 304BR C a r r i e r : G40.E+G Hz i ' 6 3 RES N O I S E @ S4 8 MHz 29 flug 199? 34:22:59 - 14:29:34 i 11 Carrier Frequency Band 1057.5 - 2115' 528.7 - 1057.5 264.3- 62B.7 132.1- 264.3 66.0 33.0 «.S 8.2 4.1 - 132.1 - 60.0 - 330 - 16.5 8.2 0.1 4.1 0.1 - 132.1 HET ■ MP 8B42B ie LK 100 r.
Tuning the HP 8642A/B Table 6-4. Maximum Peak Deviation for the HP 8642A/B Carrier Frequency (MHz) Maximum Deviation DC Coupled 0.1 to 132.1875 (HET)* 0.1 to 4.130859 4.130860 to 8.261718 8.261719 to 16.523437 16.523438 to 33.046875 33.046876 to 66.09375 66.093751 to 132.1875 132.187501 to 264.375 264.375001 to 528.75 528.750001 to 1057.5 1057.500001 to 2115 (8642B) 1.5 MHz 93.8 kHz 11.7 kHz 23.4 kHz 46.9 kHz 93.8 kHz 187 kHz 375 kHz 750 kHz 1.5 MHz 3 MHz HET band will not be set under system control.
HP 8656B Performance HP 8 G 5 6 E v s . S 6 G 2 R - 6 4 0 [ h p ] 38-tSfi C a r r i e r : 640.E4-6 Hz 1 p I ' REFERENCE u s i n g '5BE 9 J u n 1989 14:41:39 ' ' ' ! ' ! ^ SSB PHASE NOISE 2tl kHz offset From DCFM 14:49:54 (,LW mode}, <-U4dBi./Ik. <-12eriBr'H7 < viadXt 'Hz. <■ 114 d l k 'Hv IDS IK £ ft i 18K CdBc/'Hz] 10BK vs filHzj Tuning the HP 8656B Table 6-5. Maximum Peak Deviation for the HP 8656B 6-18 RF Sources Center Frequency (MHz) Maximum Peak Deviation DC Mode (kHz) 0.
HP 8657A Performance HP 8 6 5 7 B v s . BGG2H - 6 4 0 [ h p ] 304ER C a r r i e r : G40.E+G Hz I I I ! ■■r I M I REFERENCE u s i n g ' 5 7 DCFM 9 J i m 1998 09:34:55 - B9:43:L1 I II SSB a-Noise 20 kHz Offset Frequency -10 -28 -30 -40 -59 -G0 -70 -S3 -90 -L00 -L L0 -L20 -L30 -L40 -L50 -168 -170 0 ] to 130 to 260 to 520 to IK 100 £ (f 10K [dBc-'Hi: 130MHi 26(1 Ml 12 521) MHz 1040 MHz <-124iiBc/Hz <-]3*(JBi/H7 <-I30dBt/Hz <-124 tiBc/Hz L30K VS 48M fCHl] Tuning the HP 8657A Table 6-6.
HP 11729C Performance HP T E S T 11729C-'8BG2,G3 [ h p ] 304BR C a r r i e r : 2.1167E+9 -i 1 rn 1 lit; 1 f—TTT 1 VS. 1172908662^63 RES NSE 39 Plug 1397 1 3 : 0 9 : 2 1 - 13: 1 4 : 5 5 Hz i v" Otfitl Iram Carder (Hz) 1 0.1 to 12B0 MHz | 10 | 100 | 1k | 10k | 100k 12B0 to 3200 MHz T«. -53 -S3 -103 -115 -129 -130 Spec. -43 -73 -93 -108 -124 -126 3.210 5.76 GHz Typ. -47 -77 -97 -509 -127 -130 Spat. -37 -67 -87 -104 -123 -126 5.76 to 8.32 GHl Typ.
SOURCE CONTROL FOR MEASUREMENT USING R PHASE LOCK LOOP HP 11843A m CONV.__ 117290 SYSTEM CNTRL DOT USER'S SRCE MANUAL CNTRL _REF SOURCE^ 8662ft SYSTEM CNTRL (x> _TIME ERSE_ NOT IN USE TUNE VOLTAGE DONE Control EFC / Tune DCFM Voltage Figure 6-11. HP 11729C/HP 8662A with EFC Tune Voltage Center Volt.: - 4 Q . E - 3 V. 1 172 3C r.r, * uTCeT IN VERIFY BEftTNOTE < 1 MHz V Range: */- 2 M. JUT " USER'S DUT ;EIR fir OUT ■ SGG: R - EFC I N RF OUT ■ D H° Press 'Proceed' when r-eady.
RF Analyzers System NAME MODEL t ftDDR FFT ANALYZER INTERFACE PRINTER RF ANALYZER 3561A 11848R THK JET 3585FS 712 728 701 711 B SERIAL ft Config OPTION # E To return to the main software level. . [ Press 'DONE' ] Introduction Using an RF Analyzer extends the system's measurement offset range to 40 MHz. RF Analyzers also allow the use of a wider Peak Tuning Range, up to 200 MHz maximum. Most free-running sources (RF or microwave) require an RF analyzer.
Table 6-7. Supported RF Analyzers Model Frequency Range Other Considerations HP 3585A/B 20 Hz to 40 MHz Allows complete generation of calibration files, Synthesized LO, Tracking Generator HP 8566A/B 100 Hz to 22 GHz Must verify calibration data by performing the Noise Flatness Performance Test. Synthesized LO. Although this analyzer cannot generate New CALDATAHI > 100 kHz, the Cal Data is verified and/or corrected by performing the Noise Flatness Test.
Description To configure an RF Analyzer into the system, enter the Name (RF Analyzer), Model Number, and HP-IB Address of the RF Analyzer into the System Configuration Table. The serial number and option numbers may also be entered for the RF Analyzer. Connect the 50O Input of the RF Analyzer to the "Spectrum Analyzer" PHASE DETECTOR OUTPUT port of the HP 11848A Phase Noise Interface. NOTE If an RF Analyzer is not connected to the HP 11848A, the Spectrum Analyzer output must be terminated in 50Q .
RF Analyzer Segment Table Modification The following information deals with the RF analyzer segment table. The values in this table will affect the accuracy of the measured results, so care must be exercised when changing the values in this table. Segment Table Field Descriptions Table 6-8 shows the default RF segment table as it is shipped with the HP 3048A System Software. The table can be modified to include up to 20 defined segments. rev.
You can set all fields on the RF segment table, but you must also be able to set the values on the particular RF Analyzer you are using. The accuracy of the measurement is dependent on the parameters in the RF Segment Table. The RF Segment Table is stored with a stored Test File. Table 6-8. RF Analyzer Default Segment Table Plotted Range (Hz) 100+3 500+3 5E+6 - 500E+3 5E+6 40E+6 Measurement Range (Hz) 0 0 0 500E+3 5E+6 40E+6 Min. Av'g BW (Hz) Video BW (Hz) Sweep Time i i 1 3.E+3 10.E+3 30.
particular RF spectrum analyzer supports other bandwidths they can be used. Refer to your RF spectrum analyzer Operating and Service manual for a list of the available bandwidths. NOTE Do not use bandwidths greater than 3 kHz at a frequency of 100 kHz. Video Bandwidth The video bandwidth entry should be specified by the following equation for accurate noise measurements. T,. . _ . ., .
4. Perform the sweep on the known signal again with the new sweep time setting and measure the amplitude of the known signal. 5. Compare the results of the two measurements. If the new value is within 0.6 dB of the original value, the new sweep time will not affect the system accuracy. NOTE If the above criterion is not met, the system accuracy specification will apply only to the measured noise and not to spurs.
Considerations When Using an RF Analyzer The System is limited to a Peak Tuning Range of less than 500 kHz without an RF analyzer configured. Sources with high rates of drift and microwave sources may be difficult to measure without an RF Analyzer, Calibration Tones required for Single Sided Spur and Double Sided Spur calibration of the Phase Detector Constant are limited to less than 100 kHz without an RF Analyzer. Performance Tests are limited to 100 kHz offset without an RF Analyzer.
Down Converters System MODEL ft HDDR FFT ANALYZER INTERFRCE PRINTER RF SOURCE DOWN CONVERTER To r e t u r n to the 3561R 1184BR THK JET 8862A H729C 71? 720 701 719 706 ofiware level SERIRL 9 Config OPTION t 003 130 [ Press 'DONE' ] Introduction Down Converters are used to translate the frequency of a source to a lower frequency that is compatible with tuneable low noise reference sources.
Description The HP 3048A can be configured with a down converter under manual or system control. Typically down converters translate the frequency of the DUT to a lower frequency The critical parameter to the HP 3048A is Phase Detector Input frequency. Because the down conversion is done prior to the phase detector, the system is essentially measuring a lower frequency source.
The HP 11729C creates a series of comb line frequencies based on a 640 MHz reference. These comb lines have specified band pass filters centered on multiples of 640 MHz up to a 17.28 GHz comb line. If nonstandard filters are configured in the HP 11729C, they can be specified in the System Configuration Table under 11729C Specs. The 640 MHz reference can be provided externally or internally (self oscillation). Self oscillation mode is an unspecified reference source without voltage control.
SPEC in CRT [ON OF L.O. FREUUENCIES FOR HP11729C Enter the 'N' values of the HP11729C [80 [ [ [ [ E E [ 3 7 It 15 19 23 27 E X X X X X X X X 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz = G = 1.92E+9 = 4.48E*9 = 7.04E*9 - 9.6E+? = 12.16E+9 = 14.72E+9 = 17.28E+9 Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Acceptable Values: 0 TO 99 To return to 'System Conflqurat ion' [ Press 'DONE' ] Figure 6-13.
Considerations When Using a Down Converter Absolute System Noise Floor The HP 11729C measurement system noise floor is dependent on the RF reference source(s) used. System noise for the phase detector method is a composite of the noise on the multiplied 640 MHz reference, the residual noise of the down converter, and the noise of the RF tunable source at the phase detector input (front panel noise of the HP 8662A/8663A).
-50 r vr' -60 -70 - Xy -80 ^ V -90 ^ -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150 -160 -170 -180 1 10 !■"■ r T T"' — i — 11 T " » i - — .,„, ,,,, i i - \ ■^ v^ N ■%. . i i 100 HP HP 11729C 11729C l l i 1K £(f) [dBc/Hz] 10K vs. 100K WITH 640MHz REF HP 8662A(OPT 003) WITH SELF OSC SCALE TO 640 MHz Figure 6-14. 640 MHz Noise Floor of Down Converters 1M f[Hz] HP 11729C/8662A vs.
DC FM vs. EFC or 10 MHz A/B Making measurements using a PLL requires that one of the sources being measured is a VCO. A VCO can be used to track or tune at the Carrier Frequency or at the down converted (IF) frequency. In both cases a variety of block diagrams can be used. Tuning the DUT can be done directly to phase lock the DUT to the reference source. Although this technique is acceptable it is not common due to hardware constraints at high frequencies.
V. VERIFY GEftTNOTE ^ I MHz 1 1729C uTEGT EN I,F, USER'S FN 1M OUT DUT V Range: a +/- 2 V. 35G1R RF OUT 9«R 86G2R RF OUT • D o m \n\ 0 a Press 'Proceed' uhen ready. 3585F1 Figure 6-16. Tuning the DUT Connect Diagram Tuning the down converter reference (HP 11729C 640 MHz input) will also tune the Carrier Frequency.
Using the HP 11848A internal 10 MHz A source as the time base for the HP 8662A will extend the tuning of the 640 MHz reference, thereby increasing the amount of tuning at the carrier frequency. Refer to the Tuning Characteristics table in Chapter 8, Quick Reference for guidelines for tuning with 10 MHz A. SOURCE CONTROL FOR MEASUREMENT USINGflPHASE LOCK LOOP _ D N C0NV.
VERIFY BEFlTNOTE < 1 MHz Center Volt.: -40.E-3 V. 1 \?l 9C ■ ' uTEET EN I,F. OUT V Range: +/- 2 V, a * USER " =; DUT RF PUT » OF OUT 3 56 1R 1 I343A ■« E F C IN • Press 'Proceed' when ready. 'roceed Center Voltage [ i H 1 0 mi m 50 C>hn ■■ 3561H Span Figure 6-18.
Tuning the reference RF Source Tuning the reference at the down converted frequency is the most common method for creating a PLL with the maximum PTR. In this case the reference VCO can be tuned using DC FM or EFC. The maximum PTR allowed is limited by the following graph. 2.5MHz cy' V 250kHz Q_ - c D tx. o* c "c n 25kHz MAX PTR ALLOWED 10kHz - / 2.5kHz O ^ ^ * - 0- 9^ 250Hz * I I I 10MHz ■ I i 100MHz Carrier —\ i 1GHz 10GHz 1—I 100GHz Frequency Figure 6-19.
SOURCE CONTROL FOR MEASUREMENT US NG ft PHASE LOCK LOOP __DN C O N V . _ USER'S DEV. MANUAL CNTRL DUT USER'S SRCE MANUAL CNTRL HP 11848A _REF SOURCE_ 8662ft SYSTEM CNTRL _T!ME BASE_ NOT IN USE TUNE VOLTAGE DONE Control EFC / Tune DCFM Voltage Figure 6-20. DC FM Reference Source Tune Voltage Center Volt.: -4G.E-3 V. " uTEBT VERIFY 8ERTN0TE < i MHz 1 1?29C t.F. USER'
AM measurements using the HP 11729C Option 130 For AM Noise measurements please refer to the Signal Source Applications chapter "AM Noise Using an HP 11729C" in the HP 3048A Operating Manual. Considerations When Using a Down Converter The HP 11729C with the HP 3048A cannot measure frequencies within 5 MHz of the selected comb line frequency. The HP 11729C typically causes the measured noise to tip up close to 40 MHz offset. This is due to the parametric amplification of noise by the step recovery diode.
Frequency Counters System MODEL t FFT ANALYZER INTERFACE PRINTER COUNTER Config ADDR 3561A 7i£ 11843A 730 THK JET 701 f.?36A | 703 s eptable Values: 700 To J . i i t + i To r e l u r n to the main software level. . [ Press 'DONE' ] Introduction The HP 3048A Phase Noise Measurement System supports several frequency counters. A frequency counter can be used to zero-beat the sources and measure the VCO Tuning Constant.
Description To configure a Frequency Counter into the system, enter the Name (Counter), Model Number, and HP-IB Address into the System Configu ration Table. The Serial Number and Option Number may also be entered for the Frequency Counter. The Counter is not represented on the Source Control Diagram or on the Connect Diagram. Connect the Counter to the Aux Monitor port on the HP 11848A.
Digital Voltmeters NAME FFT ANALYZER INTERFACE PRINTER VOLTMETER MODEL t ADDR SER1RL 8 OPTION » 3561A 712 11848A 720 THK JET 791 3478A g 70fl_ Q Acceptable Values: ?00 TO 3.13E+3 To return to the main software level [ Press 'DONE' 1 Introduction The HP 3048A Phase Noise Measurement System supports the HP 3478A Multimeter for making the DC voltage measurements normally done by the HP 3561A Dynamic Signal Analyzer. A supported digital voltmeter reduces measurement time.
Description The time required for making a measurement is reduced by using a voltmeter in place of the voltage measuring capability of the HP 3561A. Measurements such as the ± D C Peak (Phase Detector) calibration and verify beatnote, Out of Lock, and Overload can be done more quickly with the voltmeter. To configure a Voltmeter into the system, enter the Name (Voltmeter), Model Number (3478A), and the HP-IB Address into the System Config uration Table.
Controllers Display Memory Video Interface Compatibility Card HP 310 35731A 3 Mbytes Standard Optional HP 320 98782A 4 Mbytes 98542A No HP 9836A Standard 3 Mbytes Standard No HP 9836C Standard 3 Mbytes Standard No HP 82315B Standard VGA 3 Mbytes* 3 Mbytes Standard VGA No No Standard Standard HP 332 Standard 4 Mbytes Standard No Standard HP R332 Standard 4 Mbytes NA No Standard Various 4 Mbytes Various No Standard HP318M Standard 4 Mbytes NA No Standard HP
Considerations When Using a Controller Some controllers are faster than others, therefore the measurement times may be decreased by making calculations and displaying graphics faster. Some controllers place the softkeys in different locations than illustrated in this manual. For example, the HP 9836 softkeys are displayed in two rows versus one as shown. Some Vectras with Viper Cards move the shifted softkeys to alpha keys. The current HP 3048A software REV. A.
Mass Storage Devices i Syst em 't, TYPE OF FILE Mass Configj Storage MASS STORAGE LOCATION C a l i b r a ! i o n Data | :,702,0 Test Parameter Fi les r,700,1 Test Resui t F i l e s r,700,1 System C o n f i g u r a t i o n A l t e r n a t e Test System ;,700,0 L o c a t ' n of t h i s t a b l e r,702,0 B NOTE: ft blank field refers to the currently defined 'MASS STORAGE IS' devi To return to 'SYSTEM C0NFIGURHT!C .
Description The Mass Storage device is configured in the Mass Storage Table accessed through the System Configuration Table. You can specify the Mass Storage location for each of the following files: • • • • • • Calibration Data Test Parameter Files Test Result Files System Configuration Alternate Test System Location of this table The system requires a double sided 3^ inch disc drive compatible with HP-IB to load the software.
If the HP 3048A Phase Noise Measurement System is calibrated off-site or disconnected from a hard disc or SRM mass storage device, the Calibration Data will need to be restored to the Mass storage device. The calibration data will most likely be on a floppy disc. To restore the Calibration Data to the system: • Change the Mass Storage location for Calibration Data and use the new data disc to boot the system, or load the Calibration data using the Manage Caidata softkey.
Plotter Sy s t em DOWN CONVERTER FFT fWSLYZER INTERFRCE PRINTER RF RNRLYZER SF SOURCE 1 RF SOURCE 2 PLOTTER J MODEL « ADDR 1172VL "fieiFt 11343ft THK JET 353!iR S662H Sfi42F 720 701 720 ?19 713 SERIAL # Config UPT10N « 71)6 71,? B To return to the Store 11729C ^onfig Ispecs Load Load flit. Config Introduction The Plotter feature of the HP 3048A System allows clear, large size, plotted results to be output to a plotter or to an external color monitor.
Description To configure a Plotter in the System, return to the Main Software Level and press the System Conf softkey. Enter the Name (Plotter), Model Number, and HP-IB Address. When you tab past the Plotter address entry in the System Configuration display, the Plotter Pens softkey will appear. The Plotter-Pen Specification display, accessed by pressing Plotter Pens, allows you to choose the pen colors for plotting the lines on the results graph.
To plot the Results Graph as displayed on the screen, return to the Main Software Level and press the Access Graph softkey. When the Access Graph softkeys appear, hold down the SHIFT key and press the |Redraw Graph softkey. This outputs the graph to the plotter or color monitor. To configure the HP 98627A Color Monitor into the system instead of a plotter, return to the Main Software Level and press the System Conf softkey. Enter the Name: Plotter, Model Number: 98627A, and HP-IB Address: 2800.
System Clock | System~Config _^rf> System New Date and Time To return to 'SYSTEM CONFIGURATION'. Day Monti! Clock 6 Jun 1988, 09:10:00 6 May 1987. 09:39:15 .[ Pre5s 'DONE' ] Year Introduction The System Clock places the the date and time of measurement on the Results Graph. The System Clock also records the time it takes to complete. the measurement. (Measurement time begins when the graticule is drawn on the screen and ends after the last span has been plotted, calibration time is not included.
Considerations for the System Clock Time information is stored with the Results Files. When plotting multiple noise graphs the system will display the date and time from last data file loaded. How to Set the System Clock The following steps describe the procedure for setting the System Clock. 1. Return to the Main Software Level and press the Sys. Config. softkey. 2. When the System Configuration softkeys are displayed, press the System Clock softkey.
Load Alternate Program System Config Mass Storage DEFINITION O F W E LOCATION: TVPE OF FILE MUSS STORAGE LOCUTION Ca! ibration Da la Test Parameter Files Test Result Files System Conf igurat ion Alternate Test System j PROGRAM NAME :, 704.
Description To access the Load Alternate Program from the Main Software Level press the System Config. softkey When the System Configuration softkeys are displayed, press the Mass Storage softkey to access the mass storage media location table. Move the cursor to the "Alternate Test System" row and enter the name of the file and the mass storage location of the alternate program. Press the Done softkey to return to the System Configuration Table where the Load Ait. softkey now appears.
Additional Equipment The following is a list of additional equipment that may be useful with the system. Modulation Analyzers HP 8901A/B HP 8902A Power Meters HP 436 with HP 8482A Sensor HP 438 with HP 8482A Sensor AM Detector HP 33330D AM Detector Filter HP 3048A Option K21 Attenuators HP 8493 HP 8494 HP 8495 rev.05SEP89 150 kHz to 1300 MHz 150 kHz to 1300 MHz 100 kHz to 4.2 GHz input range —30 to +20 dBm 100 kHz to 4.
Amplifiers HP 3048A Option K22 Dual RF Amplifier HP 8447A Preamp HP 8447D Preamp HP 8447E Amplifier Specified Phase Noise 9 dB gain, NF Typically < 7 dB 5 to 1500 MHz Output Power > 15 dBm 26 dB gain 0.1 to 400 MHz NF < 5 dB, output power > 6 dBm 26 dBgain 0.1 to 1300 MHz NF < 8.5 dB, output power > 7 dBm 22 dBgain 0.1 to 1300 MHz NF < 11 dB, output power > 15 dBm Phase Shifter HP 11609A Option K08 Packaged line stretcher 2.5 to 3.
Printers Any HP-IB printer can be used. When using a large screen controller with greater horizontal and vertical display limits than the printer, use the Horizontal Position and Vertical Position features in the Define Graph menu. These features scale the plot on the controller's display, allowing the printer to print the entire plot. If scaling functions are not used, part of the plot may be cut off when printing on narrow carriage printers such as the Thinkjet Printer. rev.
Voite&i? TUBIL'HS S a K i ! Ill VJ5.-i fti-iS'i*- ,-■:-:;!> ' i,ru>-'€: l!.s"ae ££ HP 3G«£.
Quick Reference 1 Approximate HP 3048A Phase Noise Floor vs. R Port Signal Level pg. 7-2 2 HP 3048A Phase Noise Floor and Region of Validity of £ ( / ) = ^£Q pg. 7-4 3 Phase Noise Level of Various HP Sources pg. 7-6 4 Increase in Measured Noise as Reference Source Noise Approaches DUT Noise pg. 7-8 5 Approximate Sensitivity of Delay Line Discriminator pg. 7-10 6 AM Calibration pg. 7-12 7 Voltage Controlled Source Tuning Requirements pg. 7-14 8 Voltage Tuning Range vs.
1 Approximate HP 3048A Phase Noise Floor vs. R Port Signal Level Approximate L Port Signal Level Phase Noise Floor f> 10 kHz Is Assumed to be Appropriate for the (dBc/Hz) Phase Detector Description The sensitivity of the HP 3048A System can be improved by increasing the signal power at the R input port of the Phase Detector in the HP 11848A. This graph illustrates the approximate noise floor of the system for a range of R input port signal levels from —15 dBm to +15 dBm.
ftPPLE Estimating The Phase +10 The Noise Floor May Vary ±'0dB at Offsets O 0 0 k H 7 With Trie LNA Out Estimating The + 10[ dBM Phase Floor .34v/ Rod dBM Floor Detector Constant 9 Noise Floor -r10 Noise Noise 4 Port Leve -.
dL HP 3048A Phase Noise Floor and Region of Validity of 50 40 30 20 10 r—■ ' : r-n-i 1 r-i~ri 1 ________ — r-r-ri __ 1 1 . i-n-j . 1 r-rn , — '■ '. .01 r-r-ri ■ ■ | ■ £(f) _ Mil i-n__ — — — _ .1 1 10 100 £(f) [dBc/Hz] 1K 10K vs. 100K 1M 10M 40M f [ H z ] Description Caution must be exercised when £(f) is calculated from the spectral den sity of the phase fluctuations, S^(f), because of the small angle criterion.
1PU MEASUREMENT RESULT £ ( f ) invalid everywhere above line ../■■■\i—'..
O Phase Noise Level of Various HP Sources .01 .1 1 10 £(f) 100 [dBc/Hz] 1K 10K vs. f 100K !M 10M 40M [Hz] Description This graph indicates the level of phase noise that has been measured for several potential reference sources. Depending on the sensitivity that is required at the offset to be measured, a single reference source may suffice or several different references may be needed to achieve the necessary sensitivity at different offsets.
mmPL H n 8662A Used 1 to 8 kHz 8 HP S6^2A Used kHz to 40 MHz HP 8642A DUT Level HP 8662A MEASUREMENT RESULT Quick Reference 7
Increase in Measured Noise as Reference Source Noise Approaches DUT Noise m CO CO u o z.
1MMPU MEASUREMENT RESULT 1dB 6d B* 80 V 3dB 0 1(f) 100 [dBc/Hz] ^K 10K vs.
3 Approximate Sensitivity of Delay Line Discriminator .01 .1 1 10 X(f) 100 [dBc/Hz] 1K 10K vs. f 100K 1M 10M 40M [Hz] Description The dependence of a frequency discriminator's sensitivity on the offset frequency is obvious from this graph.
smMPLi 1 GHz DUT POWER H SPLITTER + 1 5 dBM AT PORT "L 1 + 5 dBM AT PORT "R1 COAX DELAY LINE Coax Delay Line (RG55) =s 8 dB L o s s / 5 0 foot at 1 GHz MEASUREMENT RESULT USING AN FM DISCRIMINATOR 100 ns Delay Line Discriminator Noise Floor DUT Source Noise Level " -» ^ j ■W- 10) [ '] M M f T H,J Quick Reference 7-11
O AM Calibration Equivalent Phase Detector Constant Diode vs. Detector Detector Voltage Voltage vs. input Power (Vdc) Description The AM detector sensitivity graph can be used to determine the equivalent Phase Detector Constant from the measured AM Detector input level or from the diode detector's dc voltage. The equivalent Phase Detector Constant (phase slope) is read from the left side of the graph while the approximate detector input power can be read from the right side of the graph.
;MMPL[ DUT -'^ J048A O^T K23 DC BLOCKING FILTER HP JCK8A OPT K?1 AM DETECTOR Til TER D D [O]L ^1 o o o o R 0 0 o o o 0 ^ ^P 3333CO DETECTOR + .
I Voltage Controlled Source Tuning Requirements Peak Drift Tuning Range Min. (PTR) = Voltage Tuning X VCO Tuning PTR = .1 Hz Max. PTR = Tracking Total 500 kHz (200 MHz with an RF Analyzer). = Allowable Drift During Measurement.
mpu 10 MHz DUT SOURCE D FXDOCTOG eo* : U\j Dr:~t Range Hz I \ / 1 1 1 1 I 1 .\ \ \ \ \ 1 1 / \ 1 :j euk Tun>a t i \ l I ?ecuired \ \ \ y Beatnote R o ^ q e i PTP i — D oc< Drift X k>'7 MEASUREMENT RESULT an'nq Requ'rec Voi'cae ! u n e " ' R c lge -- Cons t a n : PTP-";C 1 kHz/'C J 10V i "i 7 'IX1 T /■■"\/""\/'""\/""\.
8 Voltage Tuning Range vs. Center Voltage in O > cn C o c 'c a) cr> o +± o > -10 -5 -2 Center Center Voltage Voltage + -1-.50.5 of 1 2 5 VCO Tuning Curve Voltage Tuning Curve 10 (Volts) < 12V Description This graph outlines the minimum to maximum voltage tuning range the HP 3048A can provide for a given center voltage. The tuning voltage range decreases as the absolute value of the center voltage increases due to hardware limitations of the system. (Refer to Instr.
mmPL Acceotaole 2 V to 77 L^try Quick Reference 7-17
5 / Tuning Characteristics of Various VCO Source Options VCO Source HP 8662/3A EFC DCFM Tuning Constant (Hz/V) Carrier Freq.
AMPLE Ik HP 8662A REAR PANE 0 O 11 3CZ)C o o DDQ o o nl i Ere IN 100 5E - " L. n e 9 p o rt X MHz :e - .
5 / Tuning Characteristics of Various VCO Source Options VCO Source HP S662/3A EFC DCFM Tuning Constant (Hz/V) Carrier Freq.
'AMPU HP 8642A □ a o n □ □ □ □ „_ □ 0*g^.r-ir-i ! □□ □□ □□ nrn !□ □□□□□ an □□ □ □ □ □ □ x-~^n nnaaa f ),-,,-, n n n n n V /UU.
U .01 Peak Tuning Range Required Due to Noise Level .1 1 10 X(f) 100 [dBc/Hz] 1K 10K vs. 100K 1M 10M 40M f[Hz] Description This graph provides a comparison between the typical phase noise level of a variety of sources and the minimum tuning range that is necessary for the system to create a phase lock loop of sufficient bandwidth to make the measurement. Typically, sources with higher phase noise require a wider Peak Tuning Range.
xmpu 800 kHz Required Lxpecied Noise eve; Of OUT 800 khz PTR une V'o!t Range Tune Voltage Range Of VCO n r~\ r~\ /—\.
11 Phase Lock Loop Bandwidth vs. Peak Tuning Range 1M ~7 100k N X - 5 / / / * 10k - 1k •■> /' / / 5 ~° 100 - D m £ °;/>/ / I 1 II y 10 - D_ 1 - .1 ■ / I 1 II .1 II 10 100 Peak 1k II 10k Tuning * Lag/Lead II 100k Range II 1M IS ! 1 10M 100M 1G (Hz) Filter Number Description This graph illustrates the closed Phase Lock Loop Bandwidth (PLL BW) chosen by the system as a function of the Peak Tuning Range of the source.
S A M P L E Ih OBSERVED INJECTION LOCKING o w e s t B c a t n o t e '^ r e a J C n c ■, W i t h o u t i n ; e c t i o ^ .. o c K i n g 40 \'7 ISO Hz I'20 60 r 'rrsrr//! 7777777* wrrrrrr hz 1 bV,y / yi • h'z w -Required Obse-ved Locking. *1 1 1 L -^ T 1 1 ■ v^— r i " i^~r i Vlost " T T of kH> i X Re L h or " R ir,Ject;o" P !_BVV 4 X .
I Phase Lock Loop Bandwidth vs. Peak Tuning Range 1M 7 100k A — N X 10k - ■ / ^ 1k - ~o 5 ~U °y>/ 100 c n / >/ // / - CO 10 i i Q_ - ■ ■ "1 / i iI r J i l i ! I i J1 I I J i i Ti " ! I I I I l I I ,1 1 \ I i I I 1 1I I I 1 1I I I 1 I f - I ! 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1G Peak Tuning Range (Hz) * Lag/Lead Filter Number Description This graph illustrates the closed Phase Lock Loop Bandwidth (PLL BW) chosen by the system as a function of the Peak Tuning Range of the source.
■SmiMPU FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF THE VCO VCO TL.ne Port BW TUNE PORT cb i ; N j §@ 3kHz jlk IUOY Acceptable iSU P LLBW| < >\ s. V 180 00 1k 10k FREQUENCY kHz - , / ' / • Max E^C BW For The HP 8662A is ^ 3 kHz ,/, A !/ '/ / "i""r" 10 "l"T" >'"!"" kHz V X fC - PTR .
£m HP 3048A Noise Ffoor Limits Due to Peak Tuning Range .01 .1 1 10 1(f) 100 [dBc/Hz] 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M 40M vs. f [ H z ] Description This graph shows the equivalent phase noise at the Peak Tuning Range entered for the source due to the inherent noise at the HP 11848A Tune Voltage Output port. (A Voltage Tuning Range of ±10V and Phase Detector Constant of 0.2V/Rad is assumed.
mmPL SEES C X TV - = TR '2.
8 Messages Introduction The HP 3048A displays messages to aid you during the measurement process. These messages are grouped into four categories: Error: Numbered Error Messages are listed in numerical order in Table 8-1 and Unnumbered Error Messages listed in alphabetical order in Table 8-2. Reference: Reference Messages are Hsted in numerical order in Table 8-3. Warning: Warning Messages are listed in alphabetical order in Table 8-4.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (1 of 17) The Signal level entering the NOISE INPUT port of the HP 11848A exceeds 1 volt peak. Action: Press the Retry key. If the overload condition was transient, the system will proceed with the measurement. If Error 1 occurs again, reduce the signal level at the NOISE INPUT port on the HP 11848A. If an HP 11729C is being used to make an AM measurement, insert a 20 dB {50 0) pad in the NOISE INPUT signal path. The pad should be connected directly to the HP 11848A.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (2 of 17) 2 3AHGE: 20 diV 3TATUJ: PAUSES (cont'd) V: -T?.43 .till 7. Narrow Modulation Bandwidth i-v : TApT : a H _■ - 1 ..If-: 2 0313 2. Large Spur on /npuf Signal. ym iTAPT: fl Hz ' ^ ^ b K K ^ i H ^ . * , ^ 5T'JP: 1 000 H; 3. tf/gr) Noise on Input Signal Figure 8 - 1 . HP 3561A Display of Loop Suppression Curves.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (3 of 17) 2 1. Narrow Modulation Bandwidth (cont'd) A noise hump on a relatively clean loop suppression curve occurs when the modulation bandwidth of the VCO's tune port is not wide enough to provide adequate phase margin for the system's phase lock loop (PLL). The VCO's modulation bandwidth (the upper frequency limit of the VCO's tuning port) should be greater than approximately ten times the PLL bandwidth set for the measurement.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (4 of 17) 2 (cont'd) ff the modulation bandwidth of the VCO source you are using is not at least 10 times greater e PLL bandwidth for the measurement, there are generally three possible actions you can take. t n a n tn • Increase the modulation bandwidth of the VCO source. If the VCO source is a bread board or prototype oscillator, it may be possible to make the component changes necessary to provide sufficient modulation bandwidth.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (5 of 17) 2 2. Large Spur on Input Signal (cont'd) A sharp peak on an otherwise correct loop suppression curve is evidence of a large spur (typically > —40 dBc) near the phase lock loop (PLL) bandwidth of the measurement {within a factor of two). Press Proceed to continue with the measurement. The measurement results may not be totally accurate but the noise graph will provide you with the offset frequency and approximate level of the spur.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (6 of 17) Unable to close the Phase Lock Loop. Action: There are several possible conditions that can prevent the HP 3048A from being able to close the phase lock loop. These conditions and the actions recommended for verifying them are listed below in the order of probable cause. 1. The system is not able to tune the beatnote to within the Capture Range set for the measurement.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (7 of 17) 4 (cont'd) 1M - ^ 100k N X -t-> 10k 1k ■g ■a c o 7^ - 10 ^ *X °;/v/ / 100 CD Q_ - - 1 .1 h- r" . ,. I ! 10 t i 100 Peak * i i l i i 1k 10k 100k Tuning Lag/Lead Range Filter 1M 10M 100M 1G (Hz) Number Figure 8-3. Phase Lock Loop Bandwidth as a Function of the Peak Tuning Range of the Measurement.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (8 of 17) 4 If you do not know the modulation bandwidth for your VCO source, you can determine it (cont'd) by locating the 3 dB roll-off frequency of the VCO tune port. The following steps describe a procedure for determining the modulation bandwidth. a. Connect a tracking generator output (such as the HP 3585A) to the tuning input port on your VCO. b. Set the tracking generator output to sweep the audio spectrum. c.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (9 of 17) Measured beatnotes depict non-linear VCO Tuning Constant. (Error 7 only occurs when the HP 3048A has been configured to Measure the VCO Tuniitg Constant.) The values shown on the display represent the measured beatnote frequencies for four tune voltage settings. The tune voltage settings are each derived as a percentage of the entered Voltage Tuning Range of the VCO (-45%, - 1 5 % , +15%, +45%) relative to the entered Center Voltage of the VCO Tuning Curve.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (10 of 17) 7 (cont'd) 8 4. If the Frequency Intervals vary greatly and are considerably larger than expected for the tuning range of the the VCO, then: • Check for erratic frequency drift of the beatnote. (Beatnote stability is directly related to the frequency stability of each signal source used in the measurement.) 5. If all four measured frequencies are 0 Hz, then: • Check for injection locking.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (11 of 17) 11 DC offset too large. Waveform does not cross 0 volts. This error occurs when the system is measuring the Phase Detector Calibration Constant and one of the following conditions exist. 1. The dc offset is greater than the peak beatnote voltage due to a large dc offset or a low beatnote level. 2. The beatnote frequency is much lower than expected and only the top or bottom portion of a sine wave peak is actually measured. Action: 1.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (12 of 17) 12 Insufficient span. Less than one waveform found. A minimum of four zero crossings is necessary across the HP 3561A's display. This error occurs when the system is measuring the Phase Detector Constant and the expected beatnote is < 1 kHz Action: When the system measures the Phase Detector Constant, the beatnote frequency should be set to approximately 10% of the Peak Tuning Range (PTR) set for the measurement.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (13 of 17) 14 (cont'd) 15 2. Verify that the Phase Detector DC offset is < 30 mV (< 50 mV for the 1.2 to 1.8 GHz Phase Detector). If the dc offset is within this limit and the beatnote level is < - 2 3 dBV (< 0.1 Vpk at AUX MONITOR port), increase the beatnote level, if possible, by increasing the signal level at the R port. If the beatnote level cannot be increased sufficiently it may be necessary to decrease the dc offset by changing the carrier frequency.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (14 of 17) 16 Detector Constant > 10 V/Rad. The measured Phase Detector Constant exceeded the system's 10 V limit. Action: Observe the beatnote on the HP 3561A display or with an oscilloscope connected to the AUX MONITOR port on the HP 11848A. Verify that the beatnote amplitude is correct for the signal level at the R input port on the HP 11848A. Figure 8-7 shows the relationship between the beatnote level and the level at the R port.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (15 of 17) 18 The system perceives that the signals from the two sources differ by more than 1 5 % of the VCO Tuning Range. The sources may be retuned to reduce the beatnote frequency, or the VCO Tuning Range may be adjusted. Once the HP 3048A has measured the VCO Tuning Constant, it is able to predict the tune voltage necessary to phase lock the loop.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (16 of 17) 2 2 User tone not within + / - 5 dB of - 6 0 dBc. Press re-try if you wish to re-adjust and continue. The level from the tone generator is not close enough to the required limits. Action: Adjust tone generator if possible. If the tone generator cannot meet this requirement, replace it with one that can to perform this test. 23 Warning. Measurement has not been calibrated. 'New Msrmnt' should be requested. Repeat Measurement or Noise Monitor was selected.
Table 8 - 1 . Numbered Error Messages (17 of 17) 28 Unable to disable PLL integrator by setting out-of-lock flip-flop. Test 03 results may be invalid. Fix the problem and try again. Test 03 will be aborted upon pressing 'Proceed' or 'Abort'. Action: Troubleshoot and repair the HP 11848A Phase Noise Interface. Refer to the HP 11848A Service Manual for Troubleshooting information. 29 Unable to disable PLL integrator by setting out-of-lock flip-flop. Test 09 results may be invalid.
Tabte 8-2. Unnumbered Error Messages (1 of 2) Bad segment definitions. The defined segments do not include the 100 kHz offset data point when accessing the Noise Monitor and New Noise Monitor. Action: Define the Segment Table to include 100 kHz. Cannot use the specified Tuning Constant. The Tuning Constant was set to zero because the last New Measurement was aborted. Action: Define a method for determining the VCO Tuning Constant other than use the current Tuning Constant.
Table 8-2. Unnumbered Error Messages (2 of 2) Peak tuning range exceeds Hz. The maximum Peak Tuning Range is 500 kHz (or 200 MHz when using a configured RF Analyzer). Action: Reduce the Peak Tuning Range by reducing the Tuning Voltage or Tuning Constant value defined for the VCO source in the Instrument Parameters display. Plot range is not within span range. A Plotted Range has been defined that is not within the Measurement Range specified in the segment tables.
Table 8-2. Unnumbered Error Messages (2 of 2) '10 MHz A' and internal '400 MHz Osc./VCO' are mutually exclusive. 10 MHz A cannot operate while one of the 400 MHz Oscillators is on. Action: Redefine the source selections on the Source Control Diagram. 3561A Noise Source not functioning or not connected to 11848A. The HP 11848A can not detect the required noise source for this setup.
Table 8-3. Reference Messages (1 of 7) Establish quadrature manually. Action: Manually adjust the source frequency or the phase shifter to attain quadrature (within ± 1 division of center scale on the HP 11848A's Quadrature Meter). If the meter is pegged, connect an oscilloscope or voltmeter to the AUX MONITOR port on the HP 11848A and then adjust the source frequency or the phase shifter to decrease voltage level until the level can be observed on the quadrature meter.
Table 8-3. Reference Messages (2 of 7) Cause FIRST calibration PEAK voltage at mixer input. Action: Adjust the frequency of the source, or adjust the phase shifter to get either a positive or negative peak voltage reading using the Marker function on the HP 3561A. To ensure that you have adjusted to the maximum peak setting, adjust to slightly beyond the maximum peak and then back to it.
Table 8-3. Reference Messages (3 of 7) 6 Remove the calibration spur. If the spur signal is not removed, it will appear in the measurement and could affect the measurement results. Action: Disconnect or turn off the spur source without disturbing the frequency or amplitude settings of the source. NOTE / / you wish to determine the frequency and amplitude of you spur source, leave the source connected and turned on during the measurement. The spur signal should appear in your measurement results.
Table 8-3. Reference Messages (4 of 7) 9 Action: Press the Proceed key to cause the HP 3048A to attempt to relock the loop and (cont'd) re-measure the frequency segment. If the HP 3048A is unable to relock the loop, Error 4 will be displayed, refer to Error 4 for recommended actions. (Note that this error is most typically caused by frequency drift of one of the sources. If this condition persists, it may be necessary to increase the Peak Tuning Range for the measurement.
Table 8-3. Reference Messages (5 of 7) 1 "| The LNA of the HP 11848A has been bypassed. This will result in a degradation of the system noise floor. The HP 3048A evaluates the total noise from the Phase Detector to determine whether the Low-Noise-Amplifier (LNA) should be switched IN or OUT. The LNA is normally switched in to provide the maximum measurement sensitivity for the system. If the system determines that the noise level from the Phase Detector will overload the LNA, the LNA is switched out.
Table 8-3. Reference Messages (6 of 7) 12 Action: (cont'd) 1. The key factor for having a good match between the measured loop suppression and the theoretical is the accuracy of the Phase Detector Constant and the VCO Tuning Constant. Abort the measurement and verify that these calibration constants are accurate. a. Verify that the VCO Tuning Constant entered for the measurement is within a factor of 2 of the VCO's actual tuning constant.
Table 8-3. Reference Messages (7 of 7) 12 If the Ace. Spec. Deg. is >2 dB, perform steps 1. and 2. again very carefully, pay close attention to the accuracy of the calibration constants and injection locking. If the Ace. Spec. Deg. is still >2 dB, press Proceed W/Adj to get an approximate noise measurement for use in further troubleshooting the problem. (cont'd) 1M 100k [ - I - £ 1k "P 100 /— vf 7^ , / / w'' ~s r t : .
Table 8-4. Warning Messages Calibration AM Rate changed... This warning informs the user of an automatic change in AM rate for the Calibration Source. The message occurs at test time to inform the user that some parameters have changed. Calibration FM DEV changed from... This warning informs user of an automatic change in FM Deviation for the Reference Oscillator or Calibration Source. The message occurs at test time to inform the user that some parameters have changed. Calibration FM Rate changed from...
Table 8-4. Warning Messages SYSTEM UNINITIALIZED. PROPER OPERATION UNLIKELY... The system is unable to find the default files. Make sure the System Data Disc is in the correct mass storage location. Action: Press System Preset to initialize and load the required files. Make sure the System Data Disc is in the correct Mass Storage location. (instrument) is not responding... Action: Check that the correct HP-IB addresses have been entered into the System Configuration Table.
Table 8-5. Status Messages (1 of 11) Acceptable 'Tuning Range' for this 'Center Voltage': The system has automatically adjusted the Voltage Tune Range for the VCO to within acceptable limits. This is often due to the Tune Voltage Range limitation imposed by a Center Tune Voltage that is not equal to zero volts. o > c a rr en c c 13 CD O ■*-> O > 10 -5 -2 Center Center Voltage Voltage + - 1 - . 5 0 .
Table 8-5. Status Messages (2 of 11) Approx internal noise floor {LNA in, Offsets > 10 kHz: dBc/Hz... The Detector Constant and LNA determine the System Noise Floor. + 15 E CD XJ + Q-S> 0) OL D c en -15 -120 -130 L Port Signal Level Is Assumed to be Appropriate f o r the Phase Detector Approximate -140 -150 -160 -170 Phase Noise Floor f> 10 kHz -180 (dBc/Hz) Automatically establishing quadrature... The system is establishing quadrature. Beatnotes: f 1 , f2, f3, f4...
Table 8-5. Status Messages (3 of 11) Calibrating the RF Level of HP XXXXX RF ANALYZER;... The system measures the amplitude of a 100 kHz tone with both the RF Analyzer and the HP 3561 A. This insures consistency between the two analyzers at 100 kHz. Cause FIRST calibration PEAK voltage at mixer... During calibration of the Phase Detector, the user is required to adjust the dc output of the phase detector to its maximum and minimum peak.
Table 8-5. Status Messages (4 of 11) Creating disk file: The system is creating new 'MEDIAJD' file Crunch... The system is performing an integration. Depending on controller speed and limits of integration this may take several minutes (2 to 20). CURRENT (cal path) (PLEASE BE PATIENT)... This message indicates that a calibration path in HP 11848A is being characterized. This takes approximately 3 minutes. Deleting ! (directory / index)... The system is deleting a file. Determining Presence of a Beat Note...
Table 8-5. Status Messages (5 of 11) Generating theoretical loop suppression... The system is fitting the theoretical response generated from the calibration data and entered parameters to the measured response of the loop suppression. HP11848A INTERNAL ADJUSTMENTS... Indicates which adjustment is under test. Action: Follow operation prompts, which appear in the display. Illegal X,Y ranges specified... The graph parameters defined in the Define Graph display are out of sequence.
Table 8-5. Status Messages (6 of 11) Measuring reference trace... This message indicates that a reference path for a transfer function measurement is in progress (Functional Checks). Measuring the Phase Detector Constant... Measuring the Phase Detector Constant is part of measurement calibration. NO MARKED SPURS FOUND IN SPECIFIED RANGE... The system was unable to detect any spurs in the specified range.
Table 8-5. Status Messages (7 of 11) Phase lock has been lost. Press 'Proceed' to attempt to re-lock the loop... Phase lock was lost during the Phase Lock Loop measurement, Action: Select Proceed (if you wish to continue the measurement) or Abort to stop. Place (next disc) into the drive. Action: Load the HP 3048A System Software. Place the disk containing the file l SYS_TESTS' into the default disc drive...
Table 8-5. Status Messages (8 of 11) Returning to 'Main Software Level'... The System gave-up and re-booted itself. Action: Verify that the measurement parameters are correctly defined for the measurement. RF SPECTRUM ANALYZER MODEL HP3585A REQUIRED... An HP 3585A/B is required for calibration of the HP 11848A from 100 kHz to 40 MHz. Action: Verify that the HP 3585A/B is correctly connected to the HP-IB interface, and that it is listed in the System Configuration Table.
Table 8-5. Status Messages (9 of 11) SYSTEM OPERATING IN PULSE MODE. ESTABLISH QUADRATURE VIA AUX. MONITOR PORT... The PULSED Carrier Type was selected and the system cannot verify quadrature or establish quadrature automatically. Action: Use an oscilloscope connected to the HP 11848A Aux Monitor Port to achieve quadrature (dc). Refer to Carrier Type in Chapter 5, Special Functions for Information on establishing quadrature with a Pulsed Measurement. Taking (RF_Model) sweep...
Table 8-5. Status Messages (10 of 11) The system was trying to access the following file when the error occurred: This is the standard fiier error message. Action: Correct the problem and then continue. Timed-out setting ( ) on the... The System attempted to address an instrument, but the instrument did not respond. Action: Access the System Configuration Table and and confirm that the correct HP-!B addresses have been entered and that the instrument is responding. Timed-out reading the ( ) . . .
Table 8-5. Status Messages (11 of 11) Verifying Quadrature... The System is checking the dc level out of the Phase Detector. Verifying system configuration... The System is checking for a response from the instruments entered in the System Configuration Table. Verifying zero-beat... The System is checking that the beatnote is within 5% of the Peak Tuning Range. WAITING FOR DAC TO SETTLE FOR... This message indicates that part of Test 07, 10 MHz Source Beatnote Pull Check, is in process.
Index 0.001 Hz offset measurements, 5-20 1 Hz bandwidth, 4-15 2 device comparison, see: 2 Osc. Compar. 2 Osc. Compar., 4-23 2 oscillator comparison, see: 2 Osc. Compar. 2 source comparison, see: 2 Osc. Compar. 3 device comparison, see: 3 Osc. Compar. 3 Osc. Compar., 4 19 3 oscillator comparison, see: 3 Osc. Compar. 3 source comparison, see: 3 Osc. Compar. 10 MHz A used with HP 8662A/63A, 6 11, 6 13 10 MHz B used with HP 8662A/63A, 6-14 11848A Control, 5-35 3048A Sys Chk, 5 43 A A vs.
AM Detector, 2 -8, 2 89, 6-63 Constant, 2-89 filter, 6 63 AM measurements HP 11729C, 6-43. see also: HP 3048A Operating Manual AM Noise, instrument parameter, 2-38 calibration process, 2-89 measurement type, 2 7 AM rejection, 2-7 AM sensitivity, 2 89 amplifiers, 2-6, 6-64 assumed pole, 2 55, 3 11, 5 5 ATTEN1, 5-37 ATTEN2, 5-37 ATTEN3, 5-37 attenuators, 6-63 Aux Monitor port, 2 46, 6 46 averages, FFT, 2 12, 5 15 span marking, 4-28 averaging, 2 12, 5 15 B BW, 4-16,5-16, 5-26 B vs.
c cal system, 7, 5 44. see also: HP 3048A Calibration Manual CALDATAHI, 5-45. see also: HP 3048A Calibration Manual CALDATALO, 5 45. see also: HP 3048A Calibration Manual Calibr Process, 2-41 calibration, constant, see: Phase Detector Constant; VCO Tuning Constant; Discriminator Constant, AM Detector Constant data, see: HP 3048A Calibration Manual periodic, see: HP 3048A Calibration Manual process, 2-41 spur, see: double sided spur; single sided spur; spur test tone, 6 25 capture range, 7-14.
counters, 6-45 couplers, 2-73, 6 64 Create Dir. (create directory), 2-126, 3-18 Current Detector Constant, 2-44 w / o PLL, 2-59 Cutler, 4-11 cutoff frequency (fh), 4-9 CW Carrier Type, 5 9 D DAC1, 5-37 DAC2, 5-37 DAC3, 5 37 Dae tests, 5-44 data files, 6 52. see also: test files; result files Data Type, 2-117, 4 4 dBc/Hz, 4 16 dc block, 2 8, 6 64 DCFM, HP 8662A/HP8663A, 2 29, 6-10 deviation, 2 16.
Detector Constant, 3-7, 7-2. see also: Phase Detector Constant estimating, 2 91, 7 2 w/PLL, 2-43 detector selection, AM Noise, 2 39 w/FM Discriminator, 2-37 w/PLL, 2 26 w / o PLL, 2-33 Detector/Discr.
DUT, 2 102, 3 11 DUT source, 2-108 dynamic signal analyzer, see: HP 3561A E EFC, 6 8, 7-18 enhanced tuning range, 2-27, 7 18 entered K_VCO, 3-5. see also: VCO Tuning Constant erase lines, 3-26 Error Messages, 8 2 Eval Allan, 9, 4-10 eval intgrl, 10, 4-4 eval sigma, 10, 4-10 external timebase, 3 11.
FM rate and deviation calibration w/FM discriminator, 2-85 FM spectral density, 2-117, 3-21 Fnctl. Chk.
HP 11729C specs, 4, 6-33 HP 11808A, 6 61 HP 11848A block diagram, 5 42 HP 11848A Interface, 1-2, 5-35, 5 43 HP 11848ALNA, 3 12,5 9, 7 2 HP 3048A, 1 2 HP 3048A option K21, 2 8, 6 63 HP 3048A reference source options, 1-7 HP 3048A spectrum analyzer options, 1 8 HP 3048A system options, 1-8 HP 310, 6-49 HP 320, 6 49 HP 33330C low barrier schottkey diode detector, 2-91 6-63, 7-12 HP 3561A dynamic signal analyzer, 1-2, 2-8, 5-13, 5 30 HP 3585A/B, 6-24 HP 5316A/B, 6 45 HP 5343A, 6-45 HP 5384A, 6-45 HP 5385A, 6-45
I Ignore Out Of Lock Test Mode, 10, 5-8 injection locking, 2-48, 2-56, 7 22. see also: HP 3048A Operating Manual Instr. Params, 2 13 Instrument Parameters, 2-13 Int. Adj'mt, 5 44. see also: HP 11848A Serv./HP 3048A Cal. Manuals Integr Noise, 4-3 Integrated Noise, 4-3 interface, see: HP 11848A isolation, 2 48 J Jitter, 4-29 K kfi, see: Discriminator Constant K_Detector method, 3-7 known osc, 4-24 k§, 2 43. see also: Phase Detector Constant kv [Hz/v], see: VCO Tuning Constant K_VCO method, 3 8.
loop loop loop Low holding range, see: Drift Tracking Range suppression, 2 54, 3-9 suppression verification, 2 54, 3 -9 Noise Amplifier, 3 12, 5-9, 5-42, 7-2 M maximum x coordinate, 3-20 manual updates, 1-4 Marker, (RF Analyzer), 12, 5 31 3561A, 12, 5 31 ON/OFF, 12, 3-23 mass storage, 2 123, 3 14 6 51 mass storage devices, 1-10, 6-51 maximum acceptable clipping, 5 11 maximum y coordinate, 3 20 measure the detector constant w/PLL, 2 47 measurement, averages, 2 12, 4 28, 5-15 bandwidth, 5-16, 5-26 definiti
mixer sensitivity, see: Phase Detector Constant modulation analyzer, 2 67, 2-93, 6-63 move down, 3-26 move up, 3 26 multimeter, 6-47 N N, 4-9 National Bureau of Standards Traceability NBS, 1-11 new line, 3-26 New Noise Monitor, 12, 5-30 New Measurement, 12.
Option 003, 1 7 Option 004, 1-7 Option 005, 1 7 Option 006, 1 7 Option 101, 1-8 Option 110, 1 8 Option 201, 1- 8 Option 202, 1-8 Option 910, 1 8 Out of Lock, 5-8, 6 48. see also: HP 3048A Operating Manual overload, 2 112, 6-48 P panel meter, 2-49, 2 84 Param Summary, 3 3 Parameter Summary, 3 3 Parm_Dir, 2 126 Parm_(number), 2 124 peak deviation, 2-16.
Phase Noise, of various HP sources, 6 3, 7 6 Using an FM Discriminator, 2-35 Using a Phase Lock Loop measurement type, 2-4 Without Using a PLL, 2-31 Without Using a PLL measurement type, 2-6 phase shifter, 2-108, 6-64 phase slope, 2 43, 3 7, 7 4.
region of validity, 7 4 relation of L(f) to Allan Variance, 4-13 remove line, 16, 3 26 repeat measurement, see: HP 3048A Operating Manual residual (two-port), 2 6 resolution, 5 25 resu_, 3-15 Result Files, 3-13 return loss noise input, 2 49 RF (spectrum) analyzer, 5-23, 6-2, 6-23, 6-25 RF segment table, 5 24, 6 25 RF segmnts, 5-23 RF source, 6-2 rms modulation, 4-3 S segment table, 5 23 increasing resolution, 5-21 measurement time, 5-19 specifying offsets, 5 22 SELECTED K SWITCHES, 5-38 SELECTED L SWITCHES
small angle criteria £ ( / ) , see: region of validity s„(f), 2 117, 3 21, 4-4 Software Materials Subscription (SMS), 1 5 Software Notification Service (SNS), 1 5 Software Release Bulletin, 1-6 Software Status Bulletin, 1 6 Software Updating, 1-5 Solve A,B,C, 4-21 Solve for B, 4 25 Source Drift (see Drift Track Range), 2 19 span, 5 -31 Spec Lines, 2 118 Special Functions, 5-1 Specifications, 1-11 Specification Lines, 2 118 Spectral Density, of Fractional Frequency Fluctuations, 2-117, 3-21, 4-4 of Frequency
Sy(f), 2 117, 3 21, 4 4 System Config, 6-1 System Clock, 6-59 System Configuration, 6 1 T t, 4-9 tau (r), 4-9 table of data points for supported analyzers, 4-6 Take Sweep, 19, 5-31 Test Files, 2-121 loading, 2-126 storing, 2-125 Test Mode, 5 3 Test Result File, 3-13 Three Osc. Comparison, see: 3 Osc. Compar. Time Record Length, 5-17 Title, 2-116, 3-20 Troubleshooting, see: HP 3048A Cal./HP 11848A Serv.
u uncal light, 6-29 unmarked spurs, 4-22, 4-26, 4-28 Unnumbered Error Messages, 8 19 Update Dir, 2-123, 3-15 v V/^jHz, 2 75 V/Rad, 2-57 VCO slope, see: VCO Tuning Constant VCO tune port input resistance, 2-18 VCO Tuning Constant, 2-16, 2-50, 3-8, 5-8, 7 18 VCO tuning linearity, 2-24 Vectra Viper, 6 49 video bandwidth, 5-26 VNOMS, 5 45.