User’s Guide Agilent Technologies E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Manufacturing Part Number: E4406-90177 Supersedes E4406-90145 Printed in USA September 2001 © Copyright 1999 - 2001 Agilent Technologies, Inc.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
Warranty This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of three years from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies Company will, at its option, either repair or replace products that prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent Technologies.
Contents 1. Getting Started What Documentation Comes with the E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester . . . . . . . . . . URL for the Latest VSA Transmitter Tester Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Understanding Digital Communications Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Updating the Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Making a Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents 3.Setting the Mode Selecting a Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Mode Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Input Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Trigger Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents Changing the Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Changing the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using the Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Troubleshooting Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents Baseband I/Q Key Access Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 BbIQ Programming Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 5. If You Have a Problem Problem Symptoms and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 Key or Feature Does Not Appear in Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Keys Linear Envelope ..................................................................................................................................166 10 MHz Out ............................................................................................................................................72 50 MHz Amplitude...............................................................................................................................144 50 MHz Ref.....................................
List of Keys Front Panel Test...................................................................................................................................148 GPIB Address .........................................................................................................................................69 GSM ........................................................................................................................................................82 HCOPy Dest ........................
List of Keys Reference ................................................................................................................................................71 Reprint....................................................................................................................................................63 Res BW ...................................................................................................................................................90 Reset Offset Display .....
List of Keys 12
1 Getting Started This chapter introduces you to basic features of the instrument, including front panel keys, rear panel connections, and display annotation. You will also find out how to make a basic measurement and install applications.
Getting Started Topics include: “What Documentation Comes with the E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester” on page 15. “Making a Measurement” on page 19. “Front Panel Keys Context Dependency” on page 20. “Front Panel Description” on page 24. “Rear Panel Description” on page 30. “Display Annotation” on page 33. “Installing Optional Measurement Personalities” on page 36. “Safety Considerations” on page 47. “Cables for Connecting to the Serial Port (RS-232)” on page 41.
Getting Started What Documentation Comes with the E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester What Documentation Comes with the E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester With your purchase of the instrument you receive the following materials: Table 1-1 Standard Documentation Part Description Notes User’s Guide Does not include operational information on the optional measurement personalities. Specifications Includes specifications for the transmitter tester and all optional measurement personalities.
Getting Started What Documentation Comes with the E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Table 1-2 Personality Documentation Measurement Option Part Description Option BAC cdmaOne Guide Option BAH GSM Guide Option 202 EDGE (w/GSM) Guide Option BAE NADC, PDC Guide Option BAF W-CDMA Guide Option B78 cdma2000 Guide Service documentation is also available from Agilent Technologies.
Getting Started What Documentation Comes with the E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester URL for the Latest VSA Transmitter Tester Update For the latest information about this instrument, including firmware upgrades, application information, and product information, please visit the following URL: www.agilent.com/find/vsa/. Understanding Digital Communications Measurements Additional measurement application information is available through your local Agilent Technologies sales and service office.
Getting Started What Documentation Comes with the E4406A VSA Series Transmitter Tester Updating the Firmware Updated versions of the E4406A VSA Transmitter Tester firmware will be available from several sources. Information on the latest firmware revision can be accessed through the following URL. URL to Contact to Obtain Firmware Update Information www.agilent.
Getting Started Making a Measurement Making a Measurement This instrument enables you to make a wide variety of measurements on digital communications equipment using the Basic Mode measurement capabilities. It also has optional measurement personalites that make measurements based on industry standards. To set up the instrument to make measurements, you need to: 1. Select a mode or personality which corresponds to a digital communications format, like cdma2000, W-CDMA, or EDGE.
Getting Started Front Panel Keys Context Dependency Front Panel Keys Context Dependency Many of the instrument features are context dependent. The functions that are available will change based on your selections of mode, mode setup, measurement, and measurement setup. The following figures represent the dependency relationships of the front panel keys.
Getting Started Front Panel Keys Context Dependency Figure 1-2 These Features are Dependent on the Selected Mode and the Mode Setup MODE Service GSM cdmaOne Mode Setup MEASURE Radio Standard: TIA-95B PCS Device: MS, BS Input Waveform (Time Domain) Spectrum (Freq Domain) Spurious Close Channel Power Trigger Demod Averaging Meas Setup View/ Trace RF Chan Trigger Source Frame Advanced M e n u s Statistics View Spectrum View I/Q View Limits SPAN X Scale Display Meas Control Restart AMPLIT
Getting Started Front Panel Keys Context Dependency Figure 1-3 These Features are Dependent on the Selected Measurement and the Measurement Setup * MEASURE Waveform (Time Domain) Spectrum (Freq Domain) Spurious Close Channel Power Meas Setup View/ Trace * Averaging Trigger Source Advanced M e n u s Statistics View Spectrum View I/Q View Limits SPAN X Scale Display Meas Control Restart AMPLITUDE Y Scale Marker Marker Search * Some Measureand Meas Setupparameters are context dependent upon t
Chapter 1 Navigation Next Window Zoom Window Marker Tab Search Marker Meas Control Limits Return Esc Channel Restart Advanced Input Frame RF Chan Demod Trigger FREQUENCY M e n u s Trigger Source Input Standard: TIA-95B PCS Device: MS, BS Radio Y Scale Display Meas Setup Mode Setup AMPLITUDE X Scale SPAN Statistics View Spectrum View I/Q View View/ Trace Averaging MEASURE Save File System Print Print Setup Preset System Figure 1-4 Waveform (Time Domain) Spectrum
Getting Started Front Panel Description Front Panel Description Key menus may vary depending on the currently selected mode or measurement. Softkeys which are not available for use are greyed-out. Keys may be greyed-out as a result of: the current setting of other inter-related functions, not having a required password or license key, or not having some piece of optional hardware that is required. Paths to access any feature will be found in the key access table on page 53.
Getting Started Front Panel Description • FREQUENCY/Channel accesses softkeys that control the center frequency or channel number. These parameters apply to all measurements in the current mode. • SPAN/X Scale accesses softkeys that control the horizontal scale in units of frequency, time, symbols or bits. The parameters in this menu apply only to the active window in the current measurement. See page 93 for more detail.
Getting Started Front Panel Description 6. Mode keys select the measurement mode and mode parameters See page 83 for more detail. • MODE accesses softkeys to select the instrument mode. Each mode is independent of all other modes. • Mode Setup accesses softkeys that affect parameters that are specific to the current mode and affect all measurements within that mode. 7. System keys access system features, that are used with all instrument modes. See page 52 for further explanation of system features.
Getting Started Front Panel Description 9. Probe Power The probe power input supplies power for external probes; the three connectors are a ground, and a +15 V, and a −12.6 V connector. The probe power supplies power to high frequency probes and accessories, such as preamplifiers, that are used as accessories to the transmitter tester. The probe power provides a maximum of 150 mA. 10. RF Input The 50 Ω RF input allows for input of an external RF signal.
Getting Started Front Panel Description 12. Floppy Disk Drive. The floppy disk drive accepts 1.44 megabyte disks. For an explanation of the operation of the floppy disc drive see the Using Print Keys section on page 63. 13. Softkeys Softkeys either activate a feature or access a further softkey menu. An arrow on the right side of a softkey label indicates that the key accesses a further menu. The softkey which is currently active is highlighted. Keys unavailable for use are greyed-out.
Getting Started Front Panel Description be implemented with a future firmware update. 18. On/Off switch turns on the transmitter tester. A green LED will light below the Power switch when the instrument has been turned on. When in standby mode a yellow LED is visible above the On/Off switch. 19. Inputs enable you to input one or more of the two following external signals. • I input and Q inputs. There are two I and two Q inputs (I and I−not; Q and Q−not).
Getting Started Rear Panel Description Rear Panel Description The diagram below illustrates all rear panel connections. For further explanation of labels found on the rear panel see the section on safety considerations on page 49. 1. TRIGGER 2 OUT provides a transmitter tester trigger output. This is used to synchronize other test equipment with the transmitter tester. 2. TRIGGER 1 OUT provides a transmitter tester trigger output.
Getting Started Rear Panel Description 5. TRIGGER IN The external trigger allows external triggering of measurements. The external trigger accepts an external trigger signal between −5 and +5 V, and has a nominal impedance of 10k Ω. For more information on triggering, see page 85. 6. SCSI Currently the SCSI connection can only be used to connect an external SCSI drive for firmware upgrades. SCSI functionality will be fully implemented with a future firmware update. 7.
Getting Started Rear Panel Description 11. PARALLEL The PARALLEL connection supports remote printing. 12. MONITOR The MONITOR allows connection of an external VGA monitor, using a 15− pin mini D−SUB connector. 13. RS-232 The serial port RS-232 is not implemented. This feature will be implemented with a future firmware update.
Getting Started Display Annotation Display Annotation The annotation features explained below refers to the display that is visible when your transmitter tester is in basic measurement mode; this is the default state of the transmitter tester when it is turned on. For explanations relating to unique measurement options such as GSM or cdmaOne see the documentation that accompanies each mode. 1. Center Frequency annotation. 2. Trigger Source Indicator. 3. Vertical Scale dB/Division Indicator. 4.
Getting Started Display Annotation 6. Measurement Bar. Displays information about measurements including some mode setup parameters. 7. Current Measurement Annotation. 8. The Annunciators bar displays annunciators that indicate that hardware errors, other errors, or specific instrument states, are detected in the instrument, as explained below. Error indicators are shown in red text. Where applicable, some states will appear in green, indicating that the feature is active and performing correctly.
Getting Started Display Annotation ESec (even second clock) - The green ESec annunciator indicates that the external even second clock has been selected as the sync type and a sync signal is present at the even second input (rear panel Trigger In), and the measurement is using it as the demodulation sync type. The red ESec annunciator indicates that an external even second clock has been selected as the sync type but a sync signal is not present at the even second input (rear panel Trigger In).
Getting Started Installing Optional Measurement Personalities Installing Optional Measurement Personalities When you install a measurement personality, follow this process. 1. Install the measurement personality firmware into the instrument. (See the supplied installation instructions.) 2. Enter a license key number that enables the measurement personality. (Refer to the “License Key Numbers” section below.
Getting Started Installing Optional Measurement Personalities Loading the Optional Personality The installation instructions require you to know three pieces of information about your instrument: the amount of memory available, the Host ID, and the instrument serial number. Required Information: Key Path: Instrument Memory: System, File System (This key is grayed out.
Getting Started Installing Optional Measurement Personalities The Exit Main Firmware key is used during the firmware installation process. This key is only for use when you want to update firmware using a LAN connection. The Exit Main Firmware key halts the operation of the instrument firmware so you can install an updated version of firmware using a LAN connection. Instructions for loading future firmware updates are available at the following URL: www.agilent.
Getting Started Installing Optional Measurement Personalities NOTE You will need to enter a license key number only if you purchase an additional measurement personality at a later date, or if you want to reactivate a measurement personality that has been deactivated. Installing a License Key NOTE Also follow this procedure to reinstall a license key number that has been deleted during an uninstall process, or lost due to a memory failure.
Getting Started Installing Optional Measurement Personalities NOTE Using the Uninstall key does not remove the personality from the instrument memory, and does not free memory to be available to install another option. If you need to free memory to install another option, refer to the instructions for loading firmware updates located at the URL: www.agilent.com/find/vsa/. 1. Press System, More(1 of 3), More(2 of 3), Uninstall, Choose Option.
Getting Started Cables for Connecting to the Serial Port (RS-232) Cables for Connecting to the Serial Port (RS-232) There are a variety of cables and adapters available for connecting to PCs, and printers. Several of these are documented in the following wiring diagrams. You need to find out what connections your equipment uses to identify the cables and/or adapters that you will need.
Getting Started Cables for Connecting to the Serial Port (RS-232) Figure 1-7 HP 24542G/H Cable Figure 1-8 HP 92219J Cable Figure 1-9 HP 13242G Cable 42 Chapter 1
Getting Started Cables for Connecting to the Serial Port (RS-232) Figure 1-10 HP 24542M Modem Cable Figure 1-11 HP C2913A/C2914A Cable Figure 1-12 Mouse Adapter (typical) Chapter 1 43
Getting Started Cables for Connecting to the Serial Port (RS-232) Figure 1-13 HP 24542U Cable with 5181-6641 Adapter Figure 1-14 HP 24542U Cable with 5181-6640 Adapter Figure 1-15 HP 24542U Cable with 5181-6642 Adapter 44 Chapter 1
Getting Started Cables for Connecting to the Serial Port (RS-232) Figure 1-16 HP 24542U Cable with 5181-6639 Adapter Figure 1-17 HP F1047-80002 Cable with 5181-6641 Adapter Figure 1-18 HP F1047-80002 Cable with 5181-6640 Adapter Chapter 1 45
Getting Started Cables for Connecting to the Serial Port (RS-232) Figure 1-19 HP F1047-80002 Cable with 5181-6642 Adapter Figure 1-20 HP F1047-80002 Cable with 5181-6639 Adapter 46 Chapter 1
Getting Started Safety Considerations Safety Considerations This section covers safety considerations relating to the installation and use of the instrument. Instrument Installation Install the instrument so that the detachable power cord is readily identifiable and is easily reached by the operator. The detachable power cord is used to completely disconnect the instrument. The front panel switch is only a standby switch which maintains standby power to some parts of the instrument.
Getting Started Safety Considerations Instrument Operation and Maintenance The following warnings explain conditions which affect the safe operation of the instrument. WARNING If this instrument is not used as specified, the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal condition (in which all means for protection are in tact) only. WARNING To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the E4406A from mains before cleaning.
Getting Started Safety Considerations Safety Considerations for Service Personnel NOTE No one other than qualified service personnel are allowed to remove the cover of the instrument. The following warnings apply to service personnel. These warnings are found on the rear panel of the instrument. To Remove Outer Cover, Remove Strap Handle, 4 Bottom Feet, and 4 Rear Feet. To Remove CPU Assembly Unplug All Boards Connected to CPU.
Getting Started Safety Considerations 50 Chapter 1
2 Using System Features System keys access features that are used with all modes, including alignment, configuring I/O, and file management.
Using System Features Using System Keys Using System Keys System features are accessed through the System front panel key. These are features that are not dependent on the currently selected application mode or the particular measurement being made. They apply to all modes and measurements. The System key also performs the LOCAL function. If the instrument was previously being controlled remotely by a computer, pressing the System key will reactivate the front panel keys.
Using System Features Key Locations Key Locations All system, service, and basic features can be located by using the key access table below. The key access path describes the key sequence you enter to access the particular key. Some features can only be used when specific measurements are active. If a feature is not currently valid the key label for that feature will appear as lighter colored text, will be greyed-out, or will not be displayed at all.
Using System Features Key Locations Table 2-1 Key Access Locations Key Key Access Path Auto Meas Setup/More(1 of 2)/ Advanced /ADC Range / Note: This feature is used when measurement is set to either spectrum or waveform. Auto Align System/Alignments/ AutoPeak Meas Setup/More(1 of 2)/ Advanced /ADC Range / Note: This feature is used when measurement is set to either spectrum or waveform.
Using System Features Key Locations Table 2-1 Key Access Locations Key Key Access Path Clear Error Queue(s) System/Show Errors/ Color Print Print Setup/Print To: Printer/Printer Type: Custom/Define Custom/Color Printer: Yes Color Printer Print Setup/Print To: Printer/Printer Type: Custom/Define Custom Comb Input/IF Align Signal/Signal Type/ Config I/O System/ Corrections System/Alignments/ Counts MODE/Basic, Meas Setup Current View/Trace/ Trace Display/ Current Trace Marker/ More(1 of
Using System Features Key Locations Table 2-1 Key Access Locations Key Key Access Path Exit Main Firmware System/ More (1 of 3)/More (2 of 3)/ Install/ Ext Front Mode Setup/ Trigger/ Ext Rear Mode Setup/ Trigger/ Fast ACP Mode/ACP/Meas Setup/More(1 of 2)/ FFT Length Meas Setup/More(1 of 2)/ Advanced/FFT Size/ Note: This feature is used when measurement is set to spectrum. FFT Size Meas Setup/ More(1 of 2)/ Advanced/ Note: This feature is used when measurement is set to spectrum.
Using System Features Key Locations Table 2-1 Key Access Locations Key Key Access Path IF Align Signal Input/ Image Print Setup/Print to File Instrument Name System/Config I/O/ SICL Server Instrument Logical Unit System/Config I/O/ SICL Server Input Front Panel Input Atten Input/ Input Port Input/ Install System/More(1 of 3)/ More(2 of 3)/ Install Now System/ More (1 of 3)/ More (2 of 3)/ Install/ IP Address System/Config I/O/ I/Q Input Z Input/ I/Q Waveform Marker/Trace/ Note: T
Using System Features Key Locations Table 2-1 Key Access Locations Key Key Access Path Long Meas Setup/More(1 of 2)/ Advanced/ More (1 of 2)/ Data Packing/ Manual Meas Setup/More(1 of 2)/ Advanced /ADC Range/ Note: This feature is used when measurement is set to either spectrum or waveform.
Using System Features Key Locations Table 2-1 Key Access Locations Key Key Access Path Power Stat CCDF MODE/Basic, Meas Setup Portrait Print Setup/Print To: Printer/Printer Type: Custom/Orientation Pre-ADC BPF Meas Setup/ More(1 of 2)/ Advanced/ Note: This feature is used when measurement is set to either spectrum or waveform. Pre-FFT BW Meas Setup/ More(1 of 2)/ Advanced/ Note: This feature is used when measurement is set to spectrum.
Using System Features Key Locations Table 2-1 Key Access Locations Key Key Access Path Return Front Panel RF Input/Input Port/ Align RF System/Alignments/Align Subsystem/ RF Burst Mode Setup/ Trigger/ RF Envelope View/Trace/ Note: This feature is used when measurement is set to waveform. RF Envelope Marker/Trace/ Note: This feature is used when measurement is set to waveform.
Using System Features Key Locations Table 2-1 Key Access Locations Key Key Access Path Slope Mode Setup/Trigger/Ext Front Slope Mode Setup/Trigger/Ext Rear/ Slope Mode Setup/Trigger/RF Burst/ Slope Mode Setup/Trigger/Video/ Socket Port System/Config I/O/ SCPI Lan Span Meas Setup/ SPAN/ X Scale Front Panel Spectrum View/Trace/ Note: This feature is used when measurement is set to spectrum. Spectrum Marker/Trace/ Note: This feature is used when measurement is set to spectrum.
Using System Features Key Locations Table 2-1 Key Access Locations Key Key Access Path Trig Source Meas Setup/ Note: This feature is used when measurement is set to either spectrum or waveform.
Using System Features Using Print and Print Setup Functions Using Print and Print Setup Functions Keys in the Print Setup menus enable you to print displayed screen images to a variety of printers, as a file in a variety of formats to the C: drive flash memory, or to the built-in floppy disk drive. The Print key is used to execute choices made in the Print Setup menus. Printing a Displayed Screen 1. Connect a compatible printer via the parallel port on the rear panel. 2.
Using System Features Using Print and Print Setup Functions The following table illustrates the Print Setup menu. Level 1 shows key choices available when the front panel key is pressed. Level 2 shows key choices available when Print To is set to Printer and Level 1 keys are pressed.
Using System Features Using Print and Print Setup Functions Printing a Screen Image to a File on A: or C: Drives 1. Press Print Setup, Print To. Toggle the Print To key to select File. 2. Press the File Type key, then select between gif, bmp, and wmf formats. 3. To print a file to the floppy drive, toggle the File Location key to A: and insert a 3.5” HD floppy disc, formatted for MS-DOS, into the front panel disk drive. To print a file to the internal flash memory, toggle the File Location key to C:. 4.
Using System Features Using Print and Print Setup Functions The following table illustrates the keys used and key choices available to print a screen image to either the A: internal floppy disk drive or the internal C: drive flash memory. Level 1 shows key choices available when the front panel key is pressed. Level 2 shows key choices available when Print To is set to File and Level 1 keys are pressed.
Using System Features Using File and Save Keys Using File and Save Keys The File and Save keys enable you to save instrument states to memory and to load instrument states into the instrument from memory. For instructions on how to save a screen image to a floppy disc, see Saving a Screen Image to a Floppy Disc on page 63. Front Panel Key Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 File Load State numeric entry Enter Save State numeric entry Enter numeric entry Enter Save Loading a State 1.
Using System Features Using File and Save Keys Using the Alpha Editor Keys The alpha editor enables you to enter text. All text entries are displayed in the active function area. Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Example ABCDEFG abcdefg ():;,’ V HIJKLMN hijklmn _!? ~ W OPQRSTU opqrstu + - * / <> = X VWXYZ vwxyz |/\{} [] Y Done Done @ # $% ^ & Z Space Space Space More (1 of 3) More (2 of 3) More (3 of 3) 1.
Using System Features Using Input/Output Configuration Keys Using Input/Output Configuration Keys There are several keys available to help configure the instrument front panel and rear panel inputs/outputs. These include the various buses, external reference, and other types of I/O. Configuring I/O Press System, Config I/O to access keys and menus that enable you to identify and change the current GPIB address, to identify and change various LAN settings.
Using System Features Using Input/Output Configuration Keys • IP Address - Changes the IP (internet protocol) address, domain name and node (host) name for the instrument. The IP address of the instrument can be changed by entering a numeric address composed of numbers and decimal points. • Host Name - Displays the host name of the instrument. Pressing the key activates the alpha editor, which enables you to change the host name.
Using System Features Using Input/Output Configuration Keys Emulated GPIB Address - Shows you the emulated GPIB address assigned to your transmitter tester when it is a SICL server. This address is set using the GPIB Address key. Ethernet Addr - Shows the Ethernet address. This is an information only feature that can not be modified by the user. NOTE For more information about these and other remote programming features, refer to the programmer’s guide for your transmitter tester.
Using System Features Using Input/Output Configuration Keys • 10 MHz Out - Activates, or deactivates, the 10 MHz out signal on the rear panel of the instrument. The 10 MHz out can be used to lock other test equipment to the same frequency reference that is used by the transmitter tester. Once activated, the 10 MHz out feature is persistent, so if it is set to On it will remain on, even if the instrument has been preset, or powered off and then on.
Using System Features Using System Configuration and Alignment Keys Using System Configuration and Alignment Keys There are number of different keys that can help you with understanding the current instrument configuration and for hardware alignment. NOTE Some features are intended for use only by service personnel and cannot be accessed without a service password.
Using System Features Using System Configuration and Alignment Keys • Clear Error Queue(s) - The error history queue retains and displays all errors once they have been detected, even if they are no longer detected after a period of time has elapsed. After reviewing the error queue you will likely want to clear it before making another measurement. Note that if an error condition exists continuously, the error will not appear in the queue after the error history queue has been cleared.
Using System Features Using System Configuration and Alignment Keys The display lists all the measurement options/modes available at the time the firmware was installed or upgraded. It shows whether or not the code for each option is currently installed in memory. It may not be possible to fit all the options into your available memory. Hardware information includes the name of boards along with part, serial number, and revision information.
Using System Features Using System Configuration and Alignment Keys Figure 2-2 Option and Hardware Information (second page) System (Local) Pressing the System front panel key will return the instrument to local control if the instrument was in remote mode being controlled by an external computer.
Using System Features Using System Configuration and Alignment Keys Alignment Press System, Alignments to access menus which enable you to align the instrument. Press the ESC key to stop any alignment. The table below diagrams the paths through which you will access alignment feature keys. The feature in the cell that is greyed-out requires a password.
Using System Features Using System Configuration and Alignment Keys Align Subsystem - Allows you to activate one or a group of the standard internal instrument alignments. Perform alignments on circuitry relating to the following internal alignments. Press the ESC key to cause any alignment to stop. Align RF - Activates an alignment on the RF circuitry. Align IF - Activates an alignment on the IF circuitry.
Using System Features Using System Configuration and Alignment Keys • Corrections - When set to On (the default state), the alignment firmware applies many numerical corrections to improve amplitude accuracy of the measurement. This includes an absolute amplitude adjustment at center frequency, and IF flatness correction for FFT spans (spectral measurements). When corrections are Off, the background alignments which determine corrections are disabled.
Using System Features Using System Configuration and Alignment Keys 80 Chapter 2
3 Setting the Mode A set of mode parameters such as input and trigger settings applies to each mode. These settings affect all measurements and measurement setup parameters in the current mode.
Setting the Mode Selecting a Mode Selecting a Mode The Mode menu key is used to select the measurement personality you have purchased with your instrument, or to select the basic or service modes, which are native to the instrument. Upon turn-on the instrument will default to the basic mode. • Mode - Accesses the measurement personality mode. Press the key that corresponds to the mode you want to select, such as GSM or cdmaOne.
Setting the Mode Mode Setup Mode Setup When you select a mode the instrument automatically presets settings to defaults for that mode. These defaults apply to all measurements in the mode. Mode settings are persistent. When you switch from one mode to another mode, the settings you have chosen for the modes will remain active until you change them. This allows you to switch back and forth between modes without having to reset settings each time.
Setting the Mode Mode Setup Adjust Input Attenuation and Input Power. • Max Total Pwr key. The Max Total Pwr key can be activated only when Input Port is set to RF. Max Total Pwr allows you to enter maximum power levels (−15 dBm is the default value) for the RF input. The maximum total power setting is coupled to the input attenuation setting. • I/Q Input Z key. The I/Q Input Z key can be activated only when Input Port is set to I/Q.
Setting the Mode Mode Setup Trigger Keys The Trigger key accesses the mode setup menu for the following trigger sources. See See “Trigger Source” on page 92. for a description of trigger sources including: • RF Burst (Wideband) • Video (IF Envlp) • Ext Front • Ext Rear Pressing one of the trigger source keys will access the mode setup menu. This menu is used to set the Delay, Level, and Slope for each trigger source.
Setting the Mode Mode Setup • Frame Timer key. The frame timer feature uses the internal frame clock to generate a trigger signal. — Period key. Sets the period of the frame clock. Values between 33 ns and 559 ms can be entered. — Offset key. Allows entry of offset values between 33 ns and 10 s. — Reset Offset Display key. Resets the display of the Offset key to 0 s. — Sync Source menu key. See keys listed below. • Sync Source key menu. — Off key.
4 Making Measurements This chapter describes measurements that are available in the Basic and Service modes. Basic mode measurements are common to many modulation formats. Service mode measurements are used to check the functionality of the instrument.
Making Measurements Basic Measurements Basic Measurements Basic measurements are useful for making measurements that are not specified in measurement standards, and will be useful if you need to troubleshoot a measurement operation. In addition, having spectrum and waveform measurements available independently of personality modes provides extra flexibility. To access the Basic mode press the Mode key and select the Basic softkey.
Making Measurements Preparing for Measurements Preparing for Measurements If you want to set the Basic mode to a known, factory default state, press Preset. This will preset the mode setup and all of the measurements to the factory default parameters. Pressing the Preset key does not switch instrument modes. NOTE To preset only the settings that are specific to a specific measurement, select the measurement and press Meas Setup, More, Restore Meas Defaults.
Making Measurements Preparing for Measurements Measurement Control Following your selection of the instrument mode and mode setup you will use keys in the Meas Control keys to control processes that affect the running of the current measurement. • Measure - Toggles between Single and Cont (for continuous) measurement states. When set to Single the measurement will continue until it has reached the specified number of averages set by the average counter.
Making Measurements Preparing for Measurements • Avg Number - Modifies the number of times the current measurement will be repeated with the results from the repeated measurements averaged. Increased averages usually give more accurate results. There will be an increase in the time taken to make a measurement if the number of averages is increased. • Avg Mode - Selects between an Exp (exponential) or a Repeat mode of averaging.
Making Measurements Preparing for Measurements Trigger Source Changing the Trig Source alters the trigger source for the current measurement only. Not all of the selections are available for all measurements. Note that the RF Burst, Video, Ext Front, and Ext Rear menu keys found in the Trigger menu enable you to change settings to modify the delay, level, and slope for each of these trigger sources (as described on page 85.
Making Measurements Preparing for Measurements Changing the View The following keys enable you to select the desired view of the measurement and to change scale parameters for the graphic window. View/Trace - Selects a predefined view of the current measurement and highlights the selected window. Once a window is selected, the X and Y scale keys can be used to modify scale parameters.
Making Measurements Preparing for Measurements reference level on the left, the center, or the right of the display. This is used for X scale display either in units of frequency or time. Scale/Coupling key. This key couples the scale/division to the sweep time for measurements made in the time domain. • Amplitude / Y Scale Keys Scale/Div key. This key enables you to set the dB/Division (for the Spectrum and the RF Envelope windows) or V/Division (for the I/Q window). Ref Value key.
Making Measurements Preparing for Measurements Using Markers Markers enable you to make measurements on screen. Keys in the Marker menu control the number and types of markers you can access. Trace keys allow you to select the trace on which you will activate a marker. The Search key enables you to perform an immediate peak search and activate a marker at the peak signal.
Making Measurements Preparing for Measurements • Select - Enables you to select one, or more, of the four available markers. Once selected, a marker can be activated, or deactivated, by using the Normal, Delta, or Function keys. If a marker has previously been turned on and assigned to a specific trace it will become active on that trace when the Select key is pressed.
Making Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Purpose The spectrum measurement provides spectrum analysis capability for the instrument. The control of the measurement was designed to be familiar to those who are accustomed to using swept spectrum analyzers. This measurement is FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) based. The FFT-specific parameters are located in the Advanced menu.
Making Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement When using the baseband I/Q inputs, set Input Port to I/Q, I only, or Q only, configure the I/Q Setup parameters, and supply the baseband I/Q signals to the front-panel I/Q inputs. The available trigger sources for this measurement includes I/Q Level. Results A display with both a Spectrum window and an I/Q Waveform window will appear when you activate a spectrum measurement.
Making Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Changing the Measurement Setup The following table shows the factory default settings for spectrum (frequency domain) measurements. Table 4-1 Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition View/Trace Spectrum Trace Display All Res BW 20.
Making Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Table 4-1 NOTE Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition Decimation 0; Auto IF Flatness On Parameters under the Advanced key seldom need to be changed. Any changes from the default advanced values may result in invalid measurement data. Make sure the Spectrum (Freq Domain) measurement is selected under the Measure menu.
Making Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement ❏ Flat Top - Selects this filter for best amplitude accuracy by reducing scalloping error. ❏ Uniform - Select this filter to have no window active by using the uniform setting. ❏ Hanning - Press this key to activate the Hanning filter. ❏ Hamming - Press this key to activate the Hamming filter. ❏ Gaussian - Press this key to activate the Gaussian filter with the roll-off factor (alpha) of 3.5.
Making Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement ❏ Auto Peak - Select this to set the ADC range automatically to the peak signal level. Auto peak is a compromise that works well for both CW and burst signals. ❏ AutoPeakLock - Select this to hold the ADC range automatically at the peak signal level. Auto peak lock is more stable than auto peak for CW signals, but should not be used for “bursty” signals.
Making Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Changing the View The View/Trace key allows you to select the desired view of the measurement from the following. You can use the Next Window key to move between the multiple windows (if any) and make it full size by Zoom. • Spectrum - Provides a combination view of the spectrum graph in parameters of power versus frequency with the semi-log graticules, and the I/Q waveform graph in the parameters of voltage and time.
Making Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement • I and Q Waveform - Provides the individual views of the I and Q signal waveform windows in the parameters of voltage versus time. Figure 4-3 Spectrum Measurement - I and Q Waveform View • I/Q Polar - Provides a view of the I/Q signal polar vector graph.
Making Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Changing the Display The Span key under the Meas Setup menu controls the horizontal span of the Spectrum Linear window. If the SPAN X Scale key is pressed, this Span key is activated, while the AMPLITUDE Y Scale key allows you to access the menus to modify the vertical parameters depending on the selected windows.
Making Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Changing the I or Q Waveform Window If the I or Q Waveform window is active in the I and Q Waveform view, the SPAN X Scale and AMPLITUDE Y Scale keys access the menu to modify the following parameters: • With the SPAN X Scale key: — Scale/Div - Allows you to set the horizontal scale by changing a time value per division. The range is 1.00 ns to 1.00 s per division. The default setting is 18.8 ms per division.
Making Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement — Scale Coupling - Allows you to toggle the scale coupling function between On and Off. The default setting is On. The Restart front-panel key or Restart softkey under the Meas Control menu, this function automatically determines the scale per division and reference values by the measurement results.To manually set either Scale/Div or Ref Value values, Scale Coupling must be Off.
Making Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement Using the Markers The Marker front-panel key accesses the menu to configure the markers. If you want to use the marker function in the I waveform window, press View/Trace, I and Q Waveform, Marker, Trace, I Waveform. • Select 1 2 3 4 - Allows you to activate up to four markers with the corresponding numbers, respectively. The selected number is underlined and its function is defined by pressing the Function key. The default is 1.
Making Measurements Making the Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement 6. Press Delta to bring marker 2 to the same place as marker 1. 7. Move marker 1 to the other desired position by rotating the RPG knob. Band power measures the average power between the two markers. 8. When the band power markers are active, the results are shown in the results window as Mean Pwr (Between Mks). When the band power function is off the results window reads Mean Pwr (Entire Trace).
Making Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Purpose The waveform measurement is a generic measurement for viewing the input signal waveforms in the time domain. This measurement is how the instrument performs the zero span functionality found in traditional spectrum analyzers. Also available under basic mode waveform measurements is an I/Q window, which shows the I and Q signal waveforms in parameters of voltage versus time.
Making Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Results The next figure shows an example of a Signal Envelope result for the waveform (time domain) measurements in the graph window. The measured values for the mean power and peak-to-mean power are shown in the text window.
Making Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Figure 4-6 Waveform Measurement - I/Q Waveform View 112 Chapter 4
Making Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Changing the Measurement Setup This table shows the factory default settings for waveform (time domain) measurements. Table 4-2 Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition View/Trace RF Envelope Sweep Time 2.000 ms Res BW 100.
Making Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement In addition, the following parameters can be modified: • Sweep Time - Allows you to specify the measurement acquisition time which is used as the length of the time capture record. The range is 1.0 µs and 100.0 s, depending upon the resolution bandwidth setting and the available internal memory size for acquisition points. • Res BW - Allows you to set the measurement bandwidth. The range is 10 Hz to 7.5 MHz.
Making Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement ❏ Auto - The data packing value most appropriate for current instrument settings is selected automatically. ❏ Short (16 bit) - Select this to pack data every 16 bits. ❏ Medium (24 bit) - Select this to pack data every 24 bits. ❏ Long (32 bit) - Select this to pack data every 32 bits. — ADC Dither - Allows you to toggle the ADC dither function between On and Off. The default setting is Off.
Making Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement Changing the View The View/Trace key allows you to access the selection menu for the desired measurement view. You can use the Next Window key to move between the multiple windows (if any) and make it full size by Zoom.
Making Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement • I/Q Waveform - Provides a view of the I/Q waveform graph in parameters of voltage versus time in the linear graticules. Changes to sweep time or resolution bandwidth will sometimes affect data acquisition.
Making Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement • I/Q Polar - Provides a view of the I/Q signal polar vector graph.
Making Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement • Scale Coupling - Allows you to toggle the scale coupling function between On and Off. The default setting is On. Upon pressing the Restart front-panel key or Restart softkey under the Meas Control menu, this function automatically determines the scale per division and reference values based on the measurement results.
Making Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement If the I/Q Polar window is active in the I/Q Polar view, the SPAN X Scale or AMPLITUDE Y Scale key accesses the menu to modify the following parameters: • I/Q Scale/Div - Allows you to set the vertical and horizontal scales by changing a value per division. The range is 1.00 nV to 20.00 V per division. The default setting is 100.0 mV. • I or Q Origin - Allows you to set the reference value ranging from −250.00 to 250.00 V.
Making Measurements Making the Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement NOTE In the Waveform measurement, the Mean Pwr (Entire Trace) value plus the Pk-to-Mean value will sum to equal the current Max Pt. value as shown in the data window below the RF Envelope display. If you do a marker peak search (Search) with averaging turned off, the marker will find the same maximum point.
Making Measurements Making the Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Measurement Making the Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Measurement Purpose Adjacent Channel Power(ACP) is the power contained in a specified frequency channel bandwidth relative to the total carrier power. It may also be expressed as a ratio of power spectral densities between the carrier and the specified offset frequency band.
Making Measurements Making the Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Measurement Recommended Offset Frequencies and Reference Bandwidths While the user sets the specific offsets and reference bandwidths, the radio specifications recommend some common setups as shown in the following table. Table 4-3 Band IS-95-A ACP Setup Recommendation Test Unit Mobile Base J-STD-008 Mobile/Base Offset Frequency Reference (Integration) Bandwidth ±900 kHz 30 kHz ±1.98 MHz 30 kHz ±750 kHz 30 kHz ±1.
Making Measurements Making the Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Measurement Figure 4-10 ACP Measurement - Bar Graph View Changing the Measurement Setup The next table shows the factory default settings for adjacent channel power ratio measurements. Table 4-4 Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition View/Trace Bar Graph (Total Pwr Ref) Spectrum Trace On Averaging; Averaging Number On; 10 Avg Mode Repeat Ref Channel: Chan Integ BW Avg Type 1.
Making Measurements Making the Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Measurement Table 4-4 Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition Limit Setup: Abs Limit Fail Rel Lim (Car) Rel Lim (PSD) 0.00 dBm Relative −45.00 dBc (offset A) −28.87 dB (offset A) Meas Type Total Pwr Ref Trig Source Free Run (Immediate) Fast ACP Off Limit Test On Ref Chan Adv: Sweep Time Data Points Res BW Num FFT Seg 546.1 µs; Auto 2048; Auto 1.
Making Measurements Making the Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Measurement Data Points - The automatic mode chooses the optimum number of points for the fastest measurement time with acceptable repeatability. The minimum number of points that could be used is determined by the sweep time and the sampling rate. You can increase the length of the measured time record (capture more of the burst) by increasing the number of points, but the measurement will take longer. Res BW - This key is always grayed out.
Making Measurements Making the Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Measurement Avg Type - Choose the type of averaging between Pwr Avg (RMS) or Maximum. Limit Setup - Allows you to access the menu to setup the limit values and conditions. Abs Limit - Allows you to enter an absolute limit value ranging from −200.00 to +50.00 dBm with 0.01 dB resolution.
Making Measurements Making the Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Measurement Res BW - This key is always grayed out. However, it allows you to see the resolution bandwidth that is derived from the combination of sweep time, data points, and FFT segments. Num FFT Seg - The automatic mode selects the optimum number of FFT segments to measure the offset, while making the fastest possible measurement. Relative Atten - Allows you to set a relative amount of attenuation for the measurements made at your offsets.
Making Measurements Making the Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Measurement Bar Graph (Total Pwr Ref) - A histogram of powers referenced to the total power Bar Graph (PSD Ref) - A histogram of powers referenced to the mean power spectral density of the carrier in dBm/Hz • Spectrum - In the factory default condition, the frequency spectrum with the FFT sweep type is displayed with the bandwidth marker lines in the graph window.
Making Measurements Making the Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Measurement Troubleshooting Hints This adjacent channel power ratio measurement can reveal degraded or defective parts in the transmitter section of the UUT. The following examples are those areas to be checked further. • Some faults in the DC power supply control of the transmitter power amplifier, RF power controller of the pre-power amplifier stage, or I/Q control of the baseband stage.
Making Measurements Making the Channel Power Measurement Making the Channel Power Measurement Purpose The Channel Power measurement is a common test used in the wireless industry to measure the total transmitted power of a radio within a defined frequency channel. This procedure measures the total power within the defined channel. This measurement is applied to design, characterize, evaluate, and verify transmitters and their components or devices for base stations and mobile stations.
Making Measurements Making the Channel Power Measurement Making the Measurement NOTE The factory default settings provide a good starting point. You may want to change some of the settings. Press Meas Setup, More (1 of 2), Restore Meas Defaults at any time to return all parameters for the current measurement to their default settings. Select the desired center frequency as described in “Changing the Frequency Channel.” Press MEASURE, Channel Power to immediately make a channel power measurement.
Making Measurements Making the Channel Power Measurement Changing the Measurement Setup The next table shows the factory default settings for channel power measurements. NOTE Parameters under the Advanced key seldom need to be changed. Any changes from the factory default values may result in invalid measurement data. Table 4-5 Channel Power Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition Meas Setup: Avg Number 20; On Avg Mode Repeat Integ BWa 1.
Making Measurements Making the Channel Power Measurement • Chan Power Span - Allows you to set the frequency span for the channel power measurement. The range is 1.000 kHz to 10.0000 MHz with 1 Hz resolution. This span is used for the current integration bandwidth setting. Since Chan Power Span is coupled to Integ BW in the factory default condition, if you change the integration bandwidth setting, the channel power span setting changes by a proportional amount, 1.
Making Measurements Making the Channel Power Measurement Changing the Display The AMPLITUDE Y Scale key accesses the menu to set the desired vertical scale and associated settings: • Scale/Div - Allows you to enter a numeric value to change the vertical display sensitivity. The range is 0.10 to 20.00 dB with 0.01 dB resolution. The default setting is 10.00 dB. However, since the Scale Coupling is defaulted to On, this value is automatically determined by the measurement result.
Making Measurements Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement Purpose Many of the digitally modulated signals now look noise-like in the time and frequency domain. This means that statistical measurements of the signals can be a useful characterization. Power Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) curves characterize the higher level power statistics of a digitally modulated signal.
Making Measurements Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement Making the Measurement NOTE The factory default settings provide a good starting point. For special requirements, you may need to change some of the settings. Press Meas Setup, More (1 of 2), Restore Meas Defaults at any time to return all parameters for the current measurement to their default settings. Select the desired center frequency as described in “Selecting the Frequency/Channel” on page 86.
Making Measurements Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement Changing the Measurement Setup The next table shows the factory default settings for power statistics CCDF measurements. Table 4-6 Power Statistics CCDF Measurement Defaults Measurement Parameter Factory Default Condition Meas Setup: Meas BW 5.00000 MHz Counts 10.0000 Mpoints Meas Interval 1.
Making Measurements Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement Changing the View The View/Trace key is not available for this measurement. Changing the Display The Display key allows you to control the desired trace and line displays of the power statistics CCDF curves. The currently measured curve is always shown. See Figure 4-13 on page 137 for an example of a power statistics CCDF measurement display. • Store Ref Trace - Allows you to copy the currently measured curve as the user-definable reference trace.
Making Measurements Making the Power Stat CCDF Measurement Using the Markers The Marker front-panel key accesses the menu to configure the markers. • Select - Allows you to activate up to four markers with the corresponding numbers, respectively. The selected number is underlined and its function is defined by pressing the Function key. The default selection is 1.
Making Measurements Service Measurements Service Measurements Service measurements help you check the functionality of your instrument. An exception is the power vs. time measurement which is intended strictly for diagnostic use by Agilent Technologies service personnel. The spectrum and waveform measurements that can be accessed through the service menu are explained in the section on basic measurements; the versions of these measurements found by accessing the Basic and the Service keys are identical.
Making Measurements Timebase Frequency Timebase Frequency Purpose In the absence of a frequency counter, the measurement quickly determines the frequency difference between the instrument’s 10 MHz reference oscillator signal and an accurate, external 10 MHz frequency standard. NOTE The timebase frequency check is not as accurate as a measurement of the 10 MHz Out signal (rear panel) using a frequency counter referenced to a frequency standard.
Making Measurements Timebase Frequency Results Window One (Time Record) Shows an I/Q display of the frequency difference between the input signal and the internal 10 MHz signal. Window Two (Magnitude) Shows a polar representation of window one. This window shows how much the phase error changes during the sampling period. Window Three (Freq Error) Shows a stripchart of the timebase error in MHz vs. time. Each dot on the horizontal axis is one sampling period.
Making Measurements 50 MHz Amplitude 50 MHz Amplitude Purpose To check the amplitude of the internal 50 MHz amplitude reference signal. Measurement Method The amplitude of an internal 50 MHz reference signal is compared with the amplitude of a stable external 50 MHz signal which has been measured with a power meter and then connected to the front panel RF connector. Test Setup The 50 MHz amplitude feature enables you to measure the amplitude of the internal 50 MHz reference signal.
Making Measurements 50 MHz Amplitude Results Window One (RF Magnitude) Shows the amplitude (unitless) of the external source as measured by the transmitter tester. Window Two (Cal Magnitude) Shows the amplitude (unitless) of the 50 MHz input calibrator. Window Three (Error) Shows a stripchart of the amplitude error between the 50 MHz internal calibrator and the external source amplitude.
Making Measurements Sensors Sensors Purpose The temperature of the RF board will vary over time and can adversely affect the IF signal amplitude. Sensors on the RF board monitor changes in temperature. Measurement Method The sensor measurements are generated internally and do not require any user interaction. Test Setup Press Mode, Service, Measure, Sensors. Results Window One (IF Signal Level) Shows a stripchart of the IF signal amplitude in dBm.
Making Measurements Sensors Chapter 4 147
Making Measurements Front Panel Test Front Panel Test Purpose The front panel test checks the functionality of the instrument front panel keys and the RPG knob. Test Setup Press Measure, More (1 of 2), Front Panel Test. Once the Front Panel Test key is pressed you will see a display with three columns appear on the screen. The entries on the left side of each column describe a key. On the right side of each entry you will see a 0.
Making Measurements Front Panel Test Results The front panel test display shows a list of front panel keys and the RPG knob, followed by a “times-pressed” indicator. You will see a count of the number of times you have pressed a key next to that key on the display, except for the knob, next to which you will see positive or negative numbers in increments of 1. Troubleshooting Hints If the front panel check fails contact the Agilent Technologies instrument support center. See page 184.
Making Measurements Service Power vs. Time Measurement Service Power vs. Time Measurement Purpose This measurement is provided for internal Agilent Technologies manufacturing use.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Option B7C, Baseband I/Q Inputs, provides the ability to analyze baseband I/Q signal characteristics of mobile and base station transmitters.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) What are Baseband I/Q Inputs? Option B7C consists of a Baseband Input module, four 50 Ω BNC connectors, and internal cabling. The four BNC connectors are grouped into pairs at the upper left corner of the front panel. The upper two connectors labeled “I” and “Q” are the “unbalanced” inputs. In practice, an unbalanced or “single ended” baseband measurement of an I or Q signal is made using a probe connected to the I or Q connector.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) What are Baseband I/Q Signals? In transmitters, the term baseband I/Q refers to signals that are the fundamental products of individual I/Q modulators, before the I and Q component signals are combined, and before up conversion to IF or RF frequencies. In receivers, baseband I/Q analysis may be used to test the I and Q products of I/Q demodulators, after an RF signal has been down converted and demodulated.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Making Measurements with Baseband I/Q Inputs Baseband I/Q measurements are similar to RF measurements. To avoid duplication, this section describes only the details unique to using the baseband I/Q inputs. For generic measurement details, refer to the previous “Making Measurements” sections.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Baseband I/Q Measurement Overview To make measurements using Baseband I/Q Inputs, you must make the following selections: • Select a measurement that supports baseband I/Q inputs. For details see “Making Measurements with Baseband I/Q Inputs” on page 154 for details. • Select the appropriate circuit location and probe(s) for measurements. For details see“Selecting Input Probes for Baseband Measurements” on page 156.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Selecting Input Probes for Baseband Measurements The selection of baseband measurement probe(s) and measurement method is primarily dependent on the location of the measurement point in the circuit. The probe must sample voltages without imposing an inappropriate load on the circuit.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) • 1 M Ω Unbalanced - High input impedance is the measurement method of choice if single ended or unbalanced baseband signals to be measured lie in a trace on a circuit board and are sensitive to loading by the probe. When making 1 M Ω measurements, the reference input impedance may be adjusted. For details refer to “Selecting Baseband I/Q Inputs” on page 159.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) The following table lists currently available Agilent probes which are suitable for use under various measurement conditions: Table 4-7 Probe Type Agilent Probes - Balanced and Unbalanced Description Unbalanced (Single Ended) 1144A 800 MHz Active Probeabc 54701A 2.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Selecting Baseband I/Q Inputs Baseband I/Q measurements may be made with “unbalanced” inputs using either two connectors (I and Q), or with “balanced” inputs using four connectors (I, Q, I, and Q). A variety of high and low input impedances can be selected. This flexibility allows measurements to be made at a maximum number of diagnostic locations in the transmitter circuitry.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) • IF Align - Select to view the IF alignment signal. This signal is available as a diagnostic function, to check the operation of the alignment signal in the case of alignment failure. Once selected, a menu accessing the IF alignment signal parameters is available at the bottom of the Input menu. Either CW, comb, or pulse signals may be selected.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Setting Up Baseband I/Q Inputs Option B7C adds two keys that let you adjust the I/Q inputs; the I/Q Setup key and the I/Q Range key. Both keys are located under the Input/Output front panel key in the Input menu. The I/Q Range key lets you select one of four levels as an upper limit for the signal being applied to the Baseband I/Q inputs. The level may be selected in units of dBm, dBmv, dBuv, Volts, and Watts.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Table 4-9 I and Q Offset Increment vs. I/Q Range I/Q Range I and Q Offset Increment 1 Volt 2 mV 500 mV 1 mV 250 mV .5 mV 125 mV .25 mV • Q Offset - Use Q Offset to input a value in Volts to offset the measured Q value. The default value is 0.0000 Volts, the min/max values are ± 2.5600 Volts. The tuning increment depends on the I/Q Range setting as shown in Table 4-9.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Figure 4-14 Input Menu with Option B7C Baseband I/Q Inputs Installed Figure 4-15 I/Q Setup Menu, Option B7C Baseband I/Q Inputs Installed Chapter 4 163
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Selecting Baseband I/Q Input Impedance The selection of input impedance is coupled to a connector “balance” configuration. “Balance” refers to whether an input is “single-ended” (unbalanced) or is balanced. To select an input impedance, press Input/Output, I/Q Setup, I/Q Input Z to display the following choices: • 50 Ω Unbalanced - Select to use I and/or Q input connectors.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Baseband I/Q Measurement Views Measurement result views made in Basic mode are available for baseband signals if they relate to the nature of the signal itself. Many measurements which relate to the characteristics baseband I and Q signals have when mixed and upconverted to signals in the RF spectrum can be made as well.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Waveform Views for Baseband I/Q Inputs For Waveform measurements, two new displays are available exclusively for baseband I/Q input signals; the I and Q Waveform view, which separates the individual I and Q traces, and the I/Q Polar view. Since the x-axis for Waveform measurements is Time, the FREQUENCY Channel front-panel key has no active menu for baseband I/Q Waveform measurements. Use Span to change horizontal scale.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Comparing RF and Baseband I/Q Measurement Views The following table compares the measurement views for RF inputs and baseband I/Q inputs. Table 4-10 RF vs.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Baseband I/Q Measurement Result Examples The following section shows examples of new measurement result displays using Baseband I/Q Inputs. A notation below each example indicates the nature of the input signal. Channel Power Measurement There is a new view for Channel Power measurements with Baseband I/Q Inputs: the Channel Power Spectrum view with 0 Hz center frequency.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement There are two new views with Baseband I/Q input Spectrum measurements: the Spectrum view with 0 Hz center frequency, and the Spectrum Linear view with 0 Hz center frequency and the vertical scale in Volts. If you have I only or Q Only selected as the Input Port, a Spectrum view does not have 0 Hz as the center frequency.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Figure 4-19 Basic Mode Spectrum Linear View- Baseband I/Q Inputs Figure 4-20 Basic Mode Spectrum I Only View- Baseband I/Q Inputs 170 Chapter 4
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Waveform (Time Domain) Measurement There are two new views with Baseband I/Q input Waveform (Time Domain) measurements: the Linear Envelope view with the vertical scale in Volts, and the I and Q Waveform view with separate windows for the I and Q traces.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Baseband I/Q Key Access Locations All Baseband I/Q input setup and operation features can be located by using the key access table below. The key access path shows the key sequence you enter to access a particular key. Some features can only be used when specific measurements are active. If a feature is not currently valid the key label for that feature appears as lighter colored text or is not displayed at all.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Table 4-11 Baseband I/Q Key Access Locations Key Key Access Path Q Only Mode Setup/Input/Input Port/ Q Waveform Marker/Trace/ Signal Envelope View/Trace/ (Waveform Measurement) Spectrum Linear View/Trace/(Spectrum Measurement) V (volts) Input/I/Q Offset/I Offset (or Q Offset)/Keypad Entry Volts Input/I/Q Range/ Watts Input/I/Q Range/ Chapter 4 173
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) BbIQ Programming Commands This is a summary of the SCPI commands related to the operation of Option B7C Baseband I/Q Inputs. For complete programming information refer to the Language Reference chapter in the Programmer’s Guide. CALCulate Subsystem Baseband I/Q - Spectrum I/Q Marker Query :CALCulate:SPECtrum:MARKer:IQ [1]|2|3|4? Reads out current I and Q marker values.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) Baseband I/Q - IQ Offset Calibration :CALibration:IQ:OFFSet :CALibration:IQ:OFFSet? Activates a calibration of the I/Q input offset DAC. DISPlay Subsystem Spectrum - Y-Axis Scale/Div :DISPlay:SPECtrum[n]:WINDow[m]:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision :DISPlay:SPECtrum[n]:WINDow[m]:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:PDIVision? Sets the amplitude reference level for the y-axis.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) INPut Subsystem The INPut subsystem controls the characteristics of all the instrument input ports. Baseband I/Q - Select Input Impedance :INPut:IMPedance:IQ U50|B600|U1M|B1M :INPut:IMPedance:IQ? Selects the characteristic input impedance when input port is set to I or Q. This is the impedance value as well as the unbalanced (U) or balanced (B) impedance mode.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) MEASure Subsystem Spectrum (Frequency Domain) Measurement This measures the amplitude of your input signal with respect to the frequency. It provides spectrum analysis capability using FFT (fast Fourier transform) measurement techniques. You must select the appropriate mode using INSTrument:SELect, to use these commands.
Making Measurements Using Baseband I/Q Inputs (Option B7C) SENSe Subsystem Select the Input Signal [:SENSe]:FEED RF|IQ|IONLy|QONLy|AREFerence|IFALign [:SENSe]:FEED? Selects the input signal. The default input signal is taken from the front panel RF input port. For calibration and testing purposes the input signal can be taken from an internal 321.4 MHz IF alignment signal or an internal 50 MHz amplitude reference source.
5 If You Have a Problem This chapter will help you identify the causes of some problems you may encounter, offers warranty information, and provides instructions for returning your instrument to Agilent Technologies. For information about error messages and functional tests, see the Instrument Messages and Functional Tests document.
If You Have a Problem Problem Symptoms and Solutions Problem Symptoms and Solutions The following section describes some transmitter tester problem symptoms and possible solutions to those problems. They include: “Key or Feature Does Not Appear in Menu” on page 180. “Frequency Unlock or External Reference Missing - Error Messages” on page 181. “LAN External Loopback Test Failed - Error Message” on page 181. “Instrument Fails Alignment - Error Message” on page 181.
If You Have a Problem Problem Symptoms and Solutions Frequency Unlock or External Reference Missing Error Messages Symptom: A frequency unlock error message, or an external reference missing error message, appears in the annunciator bar just above the data window. Solution 1: The red Ext Ref message indicates that the external reference is not locked. The external reference can be any frequency between 1 and 30 MHz.
If You Have a Problem Problem Symptoms and Solutions Measurement Keys Do Not Appear after Pressing the Mode Key Symptom: After pressing the MODE key, you have selected a particular mode (like Basic, Service, or one of the measurement personalities), but the menu for the mode you have selected does not appear on the softkeys. Solution: If you were already in the mode that you selected, you must press the MEASURE key to display the available measurements.
If You Have a Problem Agilent Technologies Test and Measurement Support, Services, and Assistance Agilent Technologies Test and Measurement Support, Services, and Assistance Agilent Technologies aims to maximize the value you receive, while minimizing your risk and problems. We strive to ensure that you get the test and measurement capabilities you paid for and obtain the support you need.
If You Have a Problem Agilent Technologies Test and Measurement Support, Services, and Assistance Table 5-1 Contacting Agilent Online assistance: www.agilent.
6 Options and Accessories This chapter contains descriptions of the options and accessories that are available for use with your instrument.
Options and Accessories Options and Measurement Personalities Options and Measurement Personalities Option BAH: GSM Measurement Personality Provides GSM transmitter measurements: power vs. time phase and frequency error output RF spectrum transmit band spurs And general transmitter measurements: transmit power spectrum (frequency domain) waveform (time domain) It includes the GSM Guide, which contains measurement and programming information.
Options and Accessories Options and Measurement Personalities waveform (time domain) It includes NADC/PDC Guide, which contains measurement and programming information. Option HN1: iDEN Measurement Personality Provides iDEN transmitter measurements: ACPR bit error rate occupied bandwidth And general transmitter measurements: spectrum (frequency domain) waveform (time domain) It includes iDEN Measurement Guide (which contains front panel operation and programming commands).
Options and Accessories Options and Measurement Personalities QPSK EVM power statistics CCDF And general transmitter measurements: spectrum (frequency domain) waveform (time domain) It includes cdma2000 Guide, which contains measurement and programming information.
Options and Accessories Options and Measurement Personalities Option 300: 321.4 MHz IF Output Adds 321.4 MHz IF Output to the rear panel. Option 252: Retrofit EDGE to Existing GSM Measurement Personality This option is only available as a retrofit kit (E4406AU Option 252) for instruments that are already licensed to use the GSM mode Option BAH. Provides EDGE (8PSK modulation) transmitter measurements: EVM power vs.
Options and Accessories Options and Measurement Personalities Option 0BV: Component-level Service Documentation Adds component level service documentation. Documentation Component Level Information Option 0BW: Assembly-level Service Documentation Adds assembly level service documentation. This option includes: Documentation Service Guide Specifications Option 1CM: Rack Mount Kit Includes rack mount flanges and hardware. Used to rack mount instruments without front handles. Available as P/N 5063-9215.
Options and Accessories Accessories Accessories AC Probe The HP/Agilent 85024A high frequency probe performs in-circuit measurements without adversely loading the circuit under test. The probe has an input capacitance of 0.7 pF shunted by 1 MΩ of resistance and operates over a frequency range of 300 kHz to 3 GHz. High probe sensitivity and low distortion levels allow measurements to be made while taking advantage of the full dynamic range of the instrument.
Options and Accessories Accessories RS-232 Cables Model Number Description HP 24542G 3 meter 9-pin (f) to 25-pin (m) RS-232 cable. Can be used with HP DeskJet printers, HP LaserJet Series printers, and PCs with 25-pin (f) RS-232 connectors. HP 24542U 3-meter 9-pin (f) to 9-pin (f) RS-232 cable for serial 9-pin PC connection to an instrument. HP C2932A 9-pin (m) to 9-pin (f) cable for RS-232 connection. The modem cable required is HP 24542M 9-pin (f) to 25-pin (m), and the PC cable is HP 24542U.
Index Numerics 50 MHz Amptd key, 144 50 MHz Ref key, 83 A AC probe, 191 Accessories, 191 accessories AC probe, 191 broadband preamplifiers, 191 cal and adj software, 192 GPIB cable, 191 parallel cable, 191 parallel interface cable, 191 printer, 191 printers, 191 RS-232 cable, 192 ACPR measurement reference type, 128 view/trace selection, 128 active function area, 33 active license key, 38 how to locate, 38 ADC calibration, 174 ADC Dither key spectrum measurement, 102 ADC Range key spectrum measurement, 101
Index Even Second error annunciator, 35 Exit Core Firmware key, 38 exponential averaging, 91 Ext Front key, 92 Ext Rear key, 92 external reference, 35 using an, 71 External Reference error annunciator, 34 F factory defaults, presetting, 82 FFT Length key, 101 FFT Size menu, 101 FFT Window key.
Index Marker key, 95 Marker menu Band Pwr key, 96 Delta key, 96 Function key, 96 Noise key, 96 Select key, 96 Shape key, 96 Max Total Pwr key, 84 Meas Control key, 90 Measure softkey, 90 measurement channel power, 133 power stat CCDF, 137 display, 139 spectrum display, 107 measurement bar, 34 measurement modes available, 74 measurement personalities retrofit, 190 measurement reference type spectral power density reference, 128 total power reference, 128 measurements basic, 88 how to make, 88 spectrum (freq
Index returning your instrument to Hewlett-Packard, 184 RF Burst key, 92 RF Envelope key, 93 RF input, 27 RF input, selection, 178 RPG knob, 27 RS-232 cable, 192 RS-232 cables, 41 RS-232 connector, 32 S safety installing instrument, 47 using instrument, 48 safety symbols, 48 sales and service offices, 184 save features, 67 Save State key, 67 Scale/Coupling key, 93 Scale/Div key, 93 SCSI connection, 31 Search key, 96 selecting a mode, 82 selecting a printer, 63 Sensors key, 146 Serial Number key, 74 Service
Index I/Q waveform, 93 RF envelope, 93 spectrum, 93 Window Length key, 101 Index Z zero span measurement, 177 Zoom, 28 197
