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Copyright and Disclaimer Copyright & Disclaimer No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, whether electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or recording without the written consent of OvisLink Corp. OvisLink Corp. has made the best effort to ensure the accuracy of the information in this user’s guide. However, we are not liable for the inaccuracies or errors in this guide. Please use with caution.
Copyright and Disclaimer FCC Statement Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................1 1.1 Overview ..............................................................................................1 1.2 Firmware Upgrade and Tech Support ..................................................1 1.3 Features...............................................................................................2 1.4 Operation Modes .................................
Table of Contents 4. Configuration: Router Mode .................................................................23 4.1 Application for Router Mode...............................................................23 4.2 Internet Setting Menu.........................................................................23 4.2.1 Setup Wizard .............................................................................................24 4.2.2 WAN Setting ................................................................
Table of Contents 5.9.2 Statistic ......................................................................................................53 5.9.3 Client Table ................................................................................................54 5.9.4 LOG ...........................................................................................................54 6. AP Mode....................................................................................................55 6.
Table of Contents 11.2.2 Rate and Modulation................................................................................85 11.2.3 TX Output Power .....................................................................................85 11.2.4 Receiver Sensitivity..................................................................................86 11.2.5 Supported WLAN Mode ...........................................................................86 11.3 Software Features.................................
1. Introduction 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Overview The N.Power is a wireless multi-function router based on 150Mbps wireless-b/g/n 2.4GHz radio technologies. Users can share broadband internet connection at high speed. It also provides to 4 operation modes to satisfy different application environments. In addition, it features passive PoE port for installations in places that have no nearby access to electricity.Please take notice of the following features: The N.
1. Introduction N.Power 1.3 Features Wireless-N AP Router Up to 30dBm Output Power at antenna connector (20dBm in EU, 23 dBm in the U.S.) 1 x USB 2.0 Port 7 LED indicators Hotspot authentication function 150Mbps 1T1R Wireless-b/g/n standard 12V Passive POE Port WAN port for ADSL/Cable Modem support Router, AP, Client, Bridge, Repeater modes Bandwidth Control 8MB Flash, 32MB SDRAM Green AP energy saving function Wall Mount Screw Holes Emergency firmware recovery mode 1.
1. Introduction N.Power Wireless Operation Mode WAN Application Wireless Mode Radio Router AP Yes AP AP none Client WDS Bridge Client WDS none none WDS Repeater AP + WDS N/A Sharing Internet Broadband Wirelessly Hotspot only or extend distance of another WDS AP/Router Connect to AP Router Create a backbone connection Extend the wireless signal. WDS Repeater setting is inside the “Wireless Settings” of Router mode and AP Mode. 1.4.
1. Introduction 1.4.3 Client Mode The N.Power acts as if it is a wireless adapter to connect with a remote Access Point. Users can attach a computer or a router to the LAN port of N.Power to get network access. 1.4.4 WDS Bridge Mode This mode is best used when you want to connect LAN networks together wirelessly (for example, between office and warehouse). WDS Bridge using WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK encryptions might be limited to devices using the same wireless chipset.
1. Introduction 1.4.5 WDS Repeater Mode The purpose of repeater is to extend the wireless signal of the remote AP/Router. In N.Power, the AP mode and the Router mode also turn it to “WDS Repeater mode.” You can find the WDS settings in the “Wireless Settings” page. Both sides must support WDS connection to work. WDS Repeater in Router Mode The WDS Repeater function in Router mode is to allow the remote AP to extend the wireless signal of N.Power.
2. Installing the N.Power 2 2. Installing the N.Power This section describes the hardware features and the hardware installation procedure for the N.Power. For software configuration, please go to chapter 3 for more details. 2.1 Before You Start It is important to read through this section before you install the N.Power The LAN1 port also work as the passive POE port You must install the antenna first before plugging in the power. Otherwise, the wireless radio might be damaged.
2. Installing the N.Power 2.3 Knowing your N.Power Below are descriptions and diagrams of the product: 1 7 6 3 5 2 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Antenna Connector Power Adapter Connector WAN Port LAN Ports (LAN1 for Passive PoE Port) Reset Button WPS Button USB Port (For USB Storage Use) 7 AirLive N.
2. Installing the N.Power 8 LED Indicators 2.4 Hardware Installation .1. Please install the antennas by turning clock wise into the RF antenna connectors 2. Now connect the power adapter to the N.Power AirLive N.
2. Installing the N.Power 3. Connect the Ethernet cable to one of the LAN port and the other end to your PC. 4. If you have broadband connection, please connect the Internet cable to “WAN port”. 5. Open your browser and type “192.168.1.254” to access the web management interface. 9 AirLive N.
2. Installing the N.Power 2.4.1 Passive PoE Installation If you want to supply the power by using Passive PoE, please follow the installation diagram below. Please note that the passive DC Injector is not included with N.Power, it needs to be purchased separately (AirLive Model: PoE-1P). N.Power uses 12V passive PoE system, it doesn’t work with 802.3af PoE switch or 48V PoE Kit. It is recommended to use a power adapter of 12Vdc at 1.25A or greater if you have the USB Storage installed. AirLive N.
2. Installing the N.Power 2.4.2 Wall Mount Installation 1. The holes for the wall mount screw are on the underside of the case. Please measure the distance between the holes. Then install 2 screws in the desire location with the measured distance apart from each other. Please do not screw all the way in, leave some space for mounting with the N.Power 2. Now please hang the N.Power on those 2 screws. 11 AirLive N.
2. Installing the N.Power 2.5 LED Table This section describes the LED behavior of N.Power. You can find the LED on the top side of the N.Power. WPS (Power) Steady Blue – Normal Operation Slow Flashing: WPS Surveying OFF – No Power WLAN Slow Flashing : Radio is active Fast Flashing: Transmitting Data OFF: Radio Disabled LAN1 ~4, WAN Steady Blue : Fast Flashing: OFF: No Link Link established Transmitting Data 2.6 Restore Settings to Default If you have forgotten your N.
3. Configuring the N.Power 3 3. Configuring the N.Power The N.Power offers web browser (http) as management interface. In this chapter, we will explain N.Power’s management interface and how to get into them. 3.1 Important Information The following information will help you to get start quickly. However, we recommend you to read through the entire manual before you start. Please note the password and SSID are case sensitive. The default IP address is: 192.168.1.254 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.
3. Configuring the N.Power To prepare your PC for management with the N.Power, please do the following: 1. Connect your PC directly to the LAN port on the DC Injector of N.Power 2. Set your PC’s IP address to “Obtain an IP address Automatically”. should provide your PC a valid IP address. 3. If you want to set your PC’s IP address manually, please set to 192.168.1.50 (or other address in the same subnet) The N.Power 50 You are ready now to configure the N.Power using your PC. 3.
3. Configuring the N.Power 3.3.2 Web Menu Structure We recommend users to browse through N.Power’s web management interface to get an overall picture of the functions and interface. After you enter the Web configuration, the following screen will appear: Internet Settings Language Selection Internet Settings: When you choose Router mode, the “Internet Settings” bottom will be shown and you will be able to configure internet related functions here.
3. Configuring the N.Power 3.4 Configuration Wizard The configuration Wizard is the first screen you will see after you login. few questions to setup your wireless and broadband connection quickly. It will ask you a Step 1: Please enter your own SSID and Encryption Key. The default encryption type is WPA2-PSK (AES). The encryption key should be at least 8 alphanumeric characters. Step 2: Choose your Broadband Connection type.
3. Configuring the N.Power Step 5: Please click “Finish” to reboot the system if you are sure about all settings. 3.5 Change Operation Mode The wireless settings of N.Power are dependant on the wireless operation mode you choose. For explanation on when to use what operation mode, please refer to Chapter 1 Changing Mode Procedure: 1. Select “Wireless Setting” 2. Choose your required wireless mode. 3. The AP might ask you to confirm the mode change. Once confirm, the AP will reboot to its new mode.
3. Configuring the N.Power 3.6 Change Regulatory Domain The Regulatory Domain settings will decide what channels and output power are available for your N.Power. You must choose the correct Regulatory Domain for your country. Using the incorrect Regulatory Domain might be illegal. Please check the summary table below. If you are unsure about what Regulatory Domain to use, please use “ETSI(Europe)” and restrict yourself to use only Channel 1 to 11.
3. Configuring the N.Power 2. PIN (Personal Information Number) Enrollee and Registrar: WPS Registrar site should be entered the PIN Code from Enrollee site, the WPS connection will connect automatically. It is recommended to use the first option as it is much simpler to configure. 3.7.1 AP and Router Modes Example1: Using Hardware Push button Please push WPS button directly on the back of the N.Power. The “WPS” LED flash will light and the N.
3. Configuring the N.Power Example 2: WPS Using PIN Please login N.Power’s Web UI. Select Wireless Setting Æ WPS Setting. In the WPS Progress, select “PIN” then “Apply.” You will get a PIN Code. PIN Code 1 2 Then, please turn on the utility of your wireless network card. Choose WPS mode to “Registrar” and enter the PIN Code. Press “PIN” and the connection will automatically configure. 3 5 4 6 AirLive N.
3. Configuring the N.Power 3.7.2 Client Mode Example 1: Using WPS hardware button Please push WPS button directly on the back of the device. The “WPS” LED flash will light and the N.Power will start to survey the AP’s WPS signal in the current environment. Within two minutes, please push WPS button on your AP device, the connection will automatic successfully. Example 2: WPS using PIN Please login N.Power’s Web UI. Select Wireless Setting Æ change to Client mode Æ Client WPS Setting.
3. Configuring the N.Power 4 6 5 Copy PIN Code 7 Under AP site, Select Wireless Setting Æ WPS Setting. Choose WPS mode to “PIN” then enter the PIN Code Æ click “Apply” and the connection will automatically configure. 8 10 9 Enter PIN Code 10 AirLive N.
4. Configuration: Router Mode 4 4. Configuration: Router Mode In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings for Router Mode. Please be sure to read through Chapter 1.5 and Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management”. 4.1 Application for Router Mode The router mode is the main operation mode of the N.Power. In this mode, you can share your Internet connection both wired and wirelessly. The NAT is applied for IP Sharing function from your WAN port to the LAN ports and wireless interface.
4. Configuration: Router Mode 4.2.1 Setup Wizard The configuration Wizard is the first screen you will see after you login. few questions to setup your wireless and broadband connection quickly. It will ask you a Step 1: Please enter your own SSID and Encryption Key. The default encryption type is WPA2-PSK(AES). The encryption key should be at least 8 alphanumeric characters. Step 2: Now, please choose the WAN type and enter your account information.
4. Configuration: Router Mode Step 5: Please click “Finish” to reboot the system if you are sure about all settings. 4.2.2 WAN Setting Internet Settings -> WAN Settings WAN Connection Type: Choose your ISP connection Type. If you are using ADSL connection, the most likely connection type is PPPoE. If you are using Cable Modem, the most likely connection type is DHCP. However, please consult with your ISP about the correct setting first. TTL: Time to Live is a 8-bit value in the IP header.
4. Configuration: Router Mode MAC address clone: If your ISP lock Internet access by MAC address of your PC. You might need to enable this function and enter your PC’s MAC address here. Enable UPnP: Enable Response to PING: Please enable this if you want N.Power to response to remote PING command Enable Remote Management: Enable this option for remote access of the web management interface.
4. Configuration: Router Mode For a list of most frequent used TCP and UDP ports. Please visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers 4.2.4 DMZ Internet Settings -> DMZ DMZ opens all TCP/UDP ports to particular IP address on the LAN side. for setting gaming servers behind the N.Power. 27 It is used mostly AirLive N.
4. Configuration: Router Mode 4.2.5 URL Filtering Internet Settings -> URL Filtering The N.Power provides URL filter function to stop access to certain website. It is useful for parents to stop children from accessing some websites. 4.2.6 MAC Filtering Internet Settings -> MAC Filtering MAC filter can filter out traffic from certain MAC addresses. It can prevent access to internet from certain stations in the local LAN. Please enter the MAC address in XX-XX-XX-XX-XX format.
4. Configuration: Router Mode 4.2.7 IP Filtering Internet Settings -> IP Filtering IP filtering allows you to block certain IP addresses from accessing the network. 4.2.8 DDNS Internet Settings -> DDNS Dynamic Domain Name System. An algorithm that allows the use of dynamic IP address for hosting Internet Server. A DDNS service provides each user account with a domain name. The N.Power support “Dyndns.org”, “zoneedit.com” and “no-ip.com” service. 29 AirLive N.
4. Configuration: Router Mode 4.2.9 Static Route Internet Settings -> Static Route Static Route allows you to setup the routing table manually. 4.3 FTP Function The N.Power’s USB port supports file sharing through FTP function. You can plug in the USB storage into the USB port for quick file sharing with your friends and family. Before you start, please notice the following requirements and restrictions for FTP function.
4. Configuration: Router Mode The FTP configuration can be found in the “Internet Settings” menu. By default, it is disabled. You must enable the option to start FTP. Please remember to click on “Apply” button after finish settings. Enable FTP Server: By default, the FTP server is disabled. checking the box and press “Apply” button. Service Port: You can change the TCP/UDP port for FTP access here. The default is port 21; it is advised to leave the settings at default.
4. Configuration: Router Mode Username: Name of the user’s account Password: The password required for FTP access Read: The ability to read/download from the N.Power. This should be turned on Write: The ability to write/upload files to the N.Power. Directory: This will determine the sharing directory for N.Power. You can enter the path manually (it starts with “/media/”), or click on the “Browse” button to choose the directory. The N.Power can read into 5 levels of directory depth.
4. Configuration: Router Mode 4.4 Wireless Settings Menu When you select “Wireless Settings” on the top menu; the following screen will appear: 4.4.1 Regulatory Domain Wireless Settings -> Regulatory Domain The Regulatory Domain decides what channels and Tx output power levels are available for your country. In most cases, the Regulatory Domain is already selected correctly for your country. Please note that using the wrong Regulatory Domain is strictly prohibited.
4. Configuration: Router Mode The N.Power is available with the following Regulatory Domain: Regulatory Domain Available Channels Maximum Tx Output Power ETSI (Europe) 1 ~13 20dBm FCC (United States) 1~11 23dBm South America(11 CH) 1~11 30dBm South America(14 CH) 1~14 30dBm 4.4.2 Multiple SSID Wireless Settings -> Multiple SSID Multiple SSID allows N.Power to create up to 4 different wireless networks (SSID). It is also known as “Virtual AP” function.
4. Configuration: Router Mode Each wireless channel takes between 22 to 25MHz of frequency width. But the channels are only 5MHz apart. Therefore, only every 5 channels can be free of interference with each other. It is recommended that you can do a site survey to find about what channels are used by surrounding AP and choose a channel that is not used by other APs. 4.4.
4. Configuration: Router Mode Procedure to make encryption Step1: Select your SSID: If you have enabled the “Multiple SSID” function, there will be more than one SSID to choose from. Each SSID (Virtual AP) can have its own security policy. Step2: Select Security Policy: N.Power offers a full suite of security policy including WEP(Pre-Shared Key), WPA(certificate), WPA-PSK(AES), WPA2-PSK(AES), and 802.1x Radius Authentication. Recently WiFi regulation prevents the use of TKIP encryption in 11n mode.
4. Configuration: Router Mode Disable: When selected, no MAC address filtering will be performed. Allow list: When selected, data traffic from only the specified devices in the table will be allowed in the network. Deny list: When selected, data traffic from the devices specified in the table will be denied/discarded by the network. 4.4.6 Bandwidth Control Wireless Settings -> Bandwidth Control The N.Power can limit the bandwidth by IP address or MAC address.
4. Configuration: Router Mode 4.4.7 Associated Client Wireless Settings -> Associated Client You can check the wireless clients’ status on this table MAC Address: MAC address of the wireless clients. If you need to find the IP address, please go to Status->Client Table menu. Power Saving: Modulation: Channel Width: This indicates whether client is using 20MHz or 40MHz channel width. RSSI (dBm): Time (Sec): The connected time of the wireless client. 0: The power saving mode is off.
4. Configuration: Router Mode Decline BA Request: Enable this option to decline the Block ACK requests by other devices. BG Protection: The 802.11g standard includes a protection mechanism to ensure mixed 802.11b and 802.11g operation. If there is no such kind of mechanism exists, the two kinds of standards may mutually interfere and decrease network’s performance. Beacon Interval: The device broadcasts beacon frames regularly to announce its existence.
4. Configuration: Router Mode RTS threshold should have a value between 256-2347 bytes, with a default of 2347. It is recommended that this value does not deviate from the default too much. Short Preamble: A preamble is a signal used in wireless environment to synchronize the transmitting timing including Synchronization and Start frame delimiter. In a "noisy" network environment, the Preamble Type should be set to Long Preamble.
4. Configuration: Router Mode Configure the WMM QoS Parameters AC Type The queue and associated priorities and parameters for transmission are as follows: Data 0 (Best Effort, BE): Medium priority queue, medium throughput and delay. Most traditional IP data is sent to this queue. Data 1 (Background, BK): Lowest priority queue, high throughput.
4. Configuration: Router Mode The wait time (initially a random value within a range specified as the Minimum Contention Window increases exponentially up to a specified limit Maximum Contention Window. The random delay avoids most of the collisions that would occur if multiple APs got access to the medium at the same time and tried to transmit data simultaneously.
4. Configuration: Router Mode 4.4.10 WDS Settings (Repeater) This is known as WDS Repeater function. Enable this setting to allow remote WDS equipped AP to extend the wireless signal of N.Power. Up to 4 WDS repeaters can be connect with N.Power. WDS works by entering the wireless MAC addresses (also known as BSSID) of remote Access Points. Encryp Type: You can use one of the following 4 encryption type. None: No encryption is made. This is not recommended as it posts serious security issue.
4. Configuration: Router Mode AES: The most secured encryption method. It is highly recommended to use this method unless for compatibility issue. Encryp Key: Please enter your encryption key here. MAC Address: Please enter the Wireless MAC address or BSSID of the remote Bridge. You can usually find it at remote Bridge’s device label. 4.4.11 WPS Settings Example1: Using Hardware Push button Please push WPS button directly on the back of the N.Power. The “WPS” LED flash will light and the N.
4. Configuration: Router Mode 6 7 Example 2: WPS Using PIN Please login N.Power’s Web UI. Select Wireless Setting Æ WPS Setting. In the WPS Progress, select “PIN” then “Apply.” You will get a PIN Code. PIN Code 1 2 Then, please turn on the utility of your wireless network card. Choose WPS mode to “Registrar” and enter the PIN Code. Press “PIN” and the connection will automatically configure. 45 AirLive N.
4. Configuration: Router Mode 3 5 4 6 AirLive N.
5. System Configuration and Status Menu 5 5. System Configuration and Status Menu In this chapter, we will explain about System Configurations Menu and the Status Menu of the web management interface. Please be sure to read through Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” first. 5.1 Menu Structure When you click on the “System Configuration” menu on the top menu bar, the following screen will appear. The system configuration includes all non-wireless settings. We will explain their functions here.
5. System Configuration and Status Menu 5.2 LAN Interface Setup System Configuration>> LAN Interface Setup This menu is where you can configure all the aspect about LAN interface including IP address, DHCP server settings..etc. Device IP Settings DHCP Settings 5.2.1 DHCP Settings DHCP Service: You can enable or disable DHCP server here. z Disable: Disable DHCP server. By default, the DHCP server is OFF in AP, Client, and WDS Bridge mode. z Server: The N.
5. System Configuration and Status Menu 5.2.2 Add DHCP Static Lease Client If you want to lock IP address to a MAC address, you should add DHCP clients to the “Static DHCP Client”. Up to 40 entries can be entered. Below is the procedure for adding an entry: 5. 1. Enter the MAC address of the device 6. 2. Enter the IP address of the device 7. 3. Click on the “Add” button 5.3 Time Settings System Configuration ->Time Settings You can set the N.Power’s internal system clock by 2 methods.
5. System Configuration and Status Menu 5.4 Password Settings System Configuration -> Password Settings You can change your username and password from the image below: 5.5 Power Saving (Green AP) System Configuration -> Power Saving The power saving scheduling function allows user to define the wireless service time and output power level. It can be used to conserve the energy of your AP. Please remember to set the time first AirLive N.
5. System Configuration and Status Menu 5.6 Firmware Upgrade System Configuration -> Firmware Upgrade You can upgrade the firmware of your N.Power (the software that controls your N.Power’s operation). Normally, this is done when a new version of firmware offers new features that you want, or solves problems that you have encountered with the current version. Upgrade Firmware: To update the N.Power firmware, first download the firmware from AirLive web site to your local disk.
5. System Configuration and Status Menu 5.7 Configuration Save and Restore System Configuration -> Configuration Save and Restore The N.Power can save and restore the settings to a file. You can save system configuration settings to a file, and later download it back to the N.Power Export the configuration file to your PC so you can restore the Export Settings: settings later. Import Settings file location: Please browse for the configuration file location for restoration of settings 5.
5. System Configuration and Status Menu 5.9.2 Statistic The Statistic menu displays the memory status, WAN traffic, LAN traffic, and WLAN traffic conditions. 53 AirLive N.
5. System Configuration and Status Menu 5.9.3 Client Table The Client Table is also known as ARP table. the devices that pass N.Power. It will show all the IP and MAC addresses of 5.9.4 LOG When you enable the log function, system will keep records of events and errors detected. AirLive N.
6. AP Mode 6 6. AP Mode In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings for AP Mode. Please be sure to read through Chapter 1.4 and Chapter 3’s “Wireless Operation Mode” first. 6.1 Application for AP Mode When operating in the Access Point mode, the N.Power becomes the center hub of the wireless network. All wireless cards and clients connect and communicate through N.Power. This type of network is known as “Infrastructure network”. Other N.Power or 802.
6. AP Mode 6.2.1 Regulatory Domain Wireless Settings -> Regulatory Domain The Regulatory Domain decides what channels and Tx output power levels are available for your country. In most cases, the Regulatory Domain is already selected correctly for your country. Please note that using the wrong Regulatory Domain is strictly prohibited. If you live inside EU, you must use the ETSI Regulatory Domain. If you live in United States, you must use FCC domain. The N.
6. AP Mode 6.2.3 Channel Wireless Settings -> Channel The channel is the frequency range used by radio. In 802.11g/b standard, there are maximum of 14 Channels. However, the available channels in each country are dependant on the local regulation. If you are living in Europe, you can use channel 1 to 13. If you are living in the United States, you can use channel 1 to 11. Each wireless channel takes between 22 to 25MHz of frequency width. But the channels are only 5MHz apart.
6. AP Mode Procedure to make encryption Step1: Select your SSID: If you have enabled the “Multiple SSID” function, there will be more than one SSID to choose from. Each SSID(Virtual AP) can have its own security policy. Step2: Select Security Policy: N.Power offers a full suite of security policy including WEP(Pre-Shared Key), WPA(certificate), WPA-PSK(AES), WPA2-PSK(AES), and 802.1x Radius Authentication. Recently WiFi regulation prevents the use of TKIP encryption in 11n mode.
6. AP Mode Disable: When selected, no MAC address filtering will be performed. Allow list: When selected, data traffic from only the specified devices in the table will be allowed in the network. Deny list: When selected, data traffic from the devices specified in the table will be denied/discarded by the network. 6.2.6 Associated Client Wireless Settings -> Associated Client You can check the wireless clients’ status on this table MAC Address: MAC address of the wireless clients.
6. AP Mode Guard Interval: Guard interval is placed at the beginning of each transmission. It is used to reduce the interference effect of multi-path transmissions. The use of long Guard Interval may perform better in interference or multipath environment. However, it can reduce the performance. MCS (Modulation and Code Scheme): MCS level for the 11n mode. It is recommended to leave it at Auto. Decline BA Request: Enable this option to decline the Block ACK requests by other devices.
6. AP Mode Fragmentation: When the size of a unicast frame exceeds the fragmentation threshold, it will be fragmented before the transmission. It should have a value of 256-2346 bytes, with a default of 2346. If you experience a high packet error rate, you should slightly decrease the Fragmentation Threshold. RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for transmission.
6. AP Mode Configure the WMM QoS Parameters AC Type The queue and associated priorities and parameters for transmission are as follows: Data 0 (Best Effort, BE): Medium priority queue, medium throughput and delay. Most traditional IP data is sent to this queue. Data 1 (Background, BK): Lowest priority queue, high throughput.
6. AP Mode channel again. Each access point waits some random period of time between retries. The wait time (initially a random value within a range specified as the Minimum Contention Window increases exponentially up to a specified limit Maximum Contention Window. The random delay avoids most of the collisions that would occur if multiple APs got access to the medium at the same time and tried to transmit data simultaneously.
6. AP Mode 6.2.9 WDS Settings (Repeater) This is known as WDS Repeater function. In AP mode, the N.Power will repeat the wireless signal of remote AP/Router. Up to 4 WDS repeaters can be connect with N.Power. WDS works by entering the wireless MAC addresses (also known as BSSID) of remote Access Points. EncrypType: You can use one of the following 4 encryption type. None: No encryption is made. This is not recommended as it posts serious security issue. WEP: This is the most compatible type.
6. AP Mode TKIP: Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, TKIP is more secured than WEP but less secure than AES. AES: The most secured encryption method. It is highly recommended to use this method unless for compatibility issue. Encryp Key: Please enter your encryption key here. MAC Address: Please enter the Wireless MAC address or BSSID of the remote Bridge. You can usually find it at remote Bridge’s device label. 6.2.
6. AP Mode Example 2: WPS Using PIN Please login N.Power’s Web UI. Select Wireless Setting Æ WPS Setting. In the WPS Progress, select “PIN” then “Apply.” You will get a PIN Code. PIN Code 1 2 Then, please turn on the utility of your wireless network card. Choose WPS mode to “Registrar” and enter the PIN Code. Press “PIN” and the connection will automatically configure. 3 5 4 6 AirLive N.
7. Client Mode 7 7. Client Mode In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings for Client Mode. Please be sure to read through Chapter 1.4 and Chapter 3’s “Wireless Operation Mode” first. 7.1 Application for Client Mode This mode is also known as “Client” mode. The N.Power acts as if it is a wireless adapter to connect with a remote Access Point. Users can attach a computer or a router to the LAN port of N.Power to get network access. 7.2 Wireless Settings 67 AirLive N.
7. Client Mode 7.2.1 Regulatory Domain Wireless Settings -> Regulatory Domain The Regulatory Domain decides what channels and Tx output power levels are available for your country. In most cases, the Regulatory Domain is already selected correctly for your country. Please note that using the wrong Regulatory Domain is strictly prohibited. If you live inside EU, you must use the ETSI Regulatory Domain. If you live in United States, you must use FCC domain. The N.
7. Client Mode 2. On the Add profile page, please enter the information about the remote AP network such as SSID, encryption. Click on “Apply” once finished 3. Once apply the new profile should appear on the list. Select the profile and click on “Activate” button to take effect. Only one profile can be activated at a time. 7.2.3 Site Survey Wireless Settings -> Site Survey You can scan for wireless networks around your location using the Site Survey function.
7. Client Mode You can now select the SSID you want to connect with, and then press the “Connect” button. If encryption key is required, the AP will prompt you to enter the encryption information. 7.2.4 Advance Settings BG Protection: The 802.11g standard includes a protection mechanism to ensure mixed 802.11b and 802.11g operation. If there is no such kind of mechanism exists, the two kinds of standards may mutually interfere and decrease network’s performance.
7. Client Mode Channel Width: You can choose 20MHz or 20/40MHz channel width. Choose 20MHz for compliance with laws in some countries. 40MHz offers faster performance than 20MHz Guard Interval: Guard interval is placed at the beginning of each transmission. It is used to reduce the interference effect of multi-path transmissions. The use of long Guard Interval may perform better in interference or multipath environment. However, it can reduce the performance.
7. Client Mode 1 2 3 Select the SSID that you want to connect. Choose WPS mode to “Enrollee” and get a PIN Code in the field. Then press “PIN Start” and the “WPS” LED flash will light two minutes on the device’s housing. 4 6 5 Copy PIN Code 7 Under AP site, Select Wireless Setting Æ WPS Setting. Choose WPS mode to “PIN” then enter the PIN Code Æ click “Apply” and the connection will automatically configure. 8 10 9 Enter PIN Code 10 AirLive N.
7. Client Mode 73 AirLive N.
8 WDS Bridge Mode 8 8. WDS Bridge Mode In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings for WDS Bridge Mode. Please be sure to read through Chapter 1.4 and Chapter 3’s “Wireless Operation Mode” first. 8.1 Application for WDS Bridge Mode This mode is also known as “WDS Pure MAC Bridge mode”. Each bridge can associate with maximum of 4 other bridges in the WDS configuration.
8. WDS Bridge Mode 8.2.1 Regulatory Domain Wireless Settings -> Regulatory Domain The Regulatory Domain decides what channels and Tx output power levels are available for your country. In most cases, the Regulatory Domain is already selected correctly for your country. Please note that using the wrong Regulatory Domain is strictly prohibited. If you live inside EU, you must use the ETSI Regulatory Domain. If you live in United States, you must use FCC domain. The N.
8 WDS Bridge Mode Channel Width: You can choose 20MHz or 20/40MHz channel width. Choose 20MHz for compliance with laws in some countries. 40MHz offers faster performance than 20MHz Guard Interval: Guard interval is placed at the beginning of each transmission. It is used to reduce the interference effect of multi-path transmissions. The use of long Guard Interval may perform better in interference or multipath environment. However, it can reduce the performance.
8. WDS Bridge Mode AckTimeOut: When a packet is sent out from one wireless station to the other, it will wait for an Acknowledgement frame from the remote station. The station will only wait for a certain amount of time; this time is called the ACK timeout. In most conditions, please do not change the Tx and Rx Acktimeout value. The N.Power’s default value is correct in most case.s. 8.2.
8 WDS Bridge Mode Encryp Key: Please enter your encryption key here. MAC Address: Please enter the Wireless MAC address or BSSID of the remote Bridge. You can usually find it at remote Bridge’s device label. AirLive N.
9. Emergency Firmware Recovery 9 9. Emergency Firmware Recovery The N.Power features emergency firmware upgrade function that can restore your AP from a firmware crashed. If you can’t access your AP anymore, please first try to restore the setting to default by holding the RESET button (in the back) for more than 10 seconds. You should be able to find the AP at 192.168.1.254. If you can’t find it, then please perform the emergency upgrade. Please visit www.airlive.com->support->download and type “N.
9. Emergency Firmware Recovery Fig 1-2: Press and hold the reset button while plugging in the power. 6. Open a browser; type “192.168.1.254” for the website address. should show up 7. Click the “Browse” button, select and open the correct firmware file. 8. Click on “UPGRADE” button. completed. 9. After upgrading, the configuration will recover from the previous settings. Please access your device at previous IP address.
10. Frequent Asked Questions 10 10. Frequent Asked Questions In this chapter, we will address some frequent asked questions about N.Power Question: I plug my USB Storage into N.Power, but it can not be recognized Answer: 1. Please make sure you have plugged the USB storage in the right direction. 2. Please make sure your USB storage is using FAT or FAT32 format. NTFS is not supported 3. If your are using a USB hard drive, you need to connect the external power adapter.
10. Frequent Asked Questions the DHCP server is turned off. If you get your IP address automatically, then when you change from Router to AP/Client/WDS Bridge mode, your PC will not be able to get IP address from DHCP server anymore. Therefore, you should set the IP address manually. ==================================================================== Question: Where is the POE port for N.Power? Answer: The PoE system used for N.Power is 12V Passive PoE. LAN1 is also used as the passive PoE port.
10. Frequent Asked Questions ==================================================================== Question: I see N.Power is advertised as having 2 watt (33dBm) maximum power. Why do I only see 1watt (30dBm) on the Web UI? Answer: The maximum 2-Watt is the total combined output power of the N.Power and the included 3dBi antenna. 83 AirLive N.
11. Specifications 11 11. Specifications The specification of N.Power is subject to change without notice. information with caution. Please use the 11.1 Hardware Features 11.1.1 General Hardware Feature Long Range Wireless-N AP Router Up to 30dBm Output Power (20dBm in EU, 23dBm in U.S.) Up to 9 times more wireless coverage than normal powered AP/Routers 1 x USB 2.
11. Specifications 11.2 Radio Specifications 11.2.1 Frequency Band USA (FCC) 11 Channels: 2.412GHz~2.462GHz Europe (ETSI) 13 Channels : 2.412GHz~2.472GHz South America: 11 Channels: 2.412GHz~2.462GHz South America: 14 Channels: 2.412GHz~2.477GHz 11.2.2 Rate and Modulation Data Rate: 802.11n 20 MHz BW(LGI): 65, 58.5, 52, 39, 26, 19.5, 13, 6.5 40 MHz BW(LGI): 135, 121.5, 108, 81, 54, 40.5, 27, 13.5 20 MHz BW(SGI): 72.2, 65, 57.8, 43.3, 28.9, 21.7, 14.4, 7.
11. Specifications South America 802.11b : About 30dBm max 802.11g : About 29dBm max 802.11n : About 27dBm max 11.2.4 Receiver Sensitivity 802.11b 11Mbps ≦ -90dBm 802.11g 54Mbps ≦ -73dBm 802.11n HT20 MCS7 ≦ -70dBm 802.11n HT40 MCS7 ≦ -67dBm 11.2.5 Supported WLAN Mode Router Mode AP Mode Client Mode WDS Bridge Mode WDS Repeater Mode 11.
11. Specifications Support adjustable output power ACK Timeout Adjustment Bootloader Protection and Emergency Firmware Upload Code Radius Supported Static DHCP entries Firmware upgrade and configuration backup via Web 87 AirLive N.
12. Wireless Network Glossary 12 12. Wireless Network Glossary The wireless network glossary contains explanation or information about common terms used in wireless networking products. Some of information in this glossary might be outdated, please use with caution. 802.3ad 802.3ad is an IEEE standard for bonding or aggregating multiple Ethernet ports into one virtual port (also known as trunking) to increase the bandwidth. 802.3af This is the PoE (Power over Ethernet) standard by IEEE committee. 803.
12. Wireless Network Glossary 802.11g A standard provides a throughput up to 54 Mbps using OFDM technology. It also operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band as 802.11b. 802.11g devices are backward compatible with 802.11b devices. 802.11i The IEEE standard for wireless security. 802.11i standard includes TKIP, CCMP, and AES encryption to improve wireless security. It is also know as WPA2. 802.1x 802.1x is a security standard for wired and wireless LANs. In the 802.
12. Wireless Network Glossary then the ACK window will have expired and the returning packet will be dropped, greatly lowering throughput. By having the ability to adjust the ACK setting we can effectively optimize the throughput over long distance links. This is especially true for 802.11a and 802.11g networks. Setting the correct ACK timeout value need to consider 3 factors: distance, AP response time, and interference. The N.
12. Wireless Network Glossary CPE Devices CPE stands for Customer Premises Equipment. A CPE is a device installed on the end user's side to receive network services. For example, on an ADSL network, the ADSL modem/router on the subscriber's home is the CPE device. Wireless CPE means a complete Wireless (usually an AP with built-in Antenna) that receives wireless broadband access from the WISP. The opposite of CPE is CO. CTS Clear To Send.
12. Wireless Network Glossary Domain Name The unique name that identifies an Internet site. Domain Names always have 2 or more parts, separated by dots. In www.airlive.com, the "airlive.com" is the doman name. DoS Attack Denial of Service. A type of network attack that floods the network with useless traffic. Many DoS attacks, such as the Ping of Death and Teardrop attacks, exploit limitations in the TCP/IP protocols. Encryption Encoding data to prevent it from being read by unauthorized people.
12. Wireless Network Glossary Fragment Threshold Frame Size larger than this will be divided into smaller fragment. If there are interferences in your area, lower this value can improve the performance. If there are not, keep this parameter at higher value. The default size is 2346. You can try 1500, 1000, or 500 when there are interference around your network. Gateway In the global Internet network, the gateways are core routers that connect networks in different IP subnet together.
12. Wireless Network Glossary server or a workstation) within that network. The new IPv6 specification supports 128-bit IP address format. IPsec IP Security. A set of protocols developed by the IETF to support secure exchange of packets at the IP layer. IPsec has been deployed widely to implement Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). IPsec supports two encryption modes: Transport and Tunnel. Transport mode encrypts only the data of each packet, but leaves the header untouched.
12. Wireless Network Glossary increase the receiver sensitivity and to focus available power at intended Rx. NAT Network Address Translation. A network algorithm used by Routers to enables several PCs to share single IP address provided by the ISP. The IP that a router gets from the ISP side is called Real IP, the IP assigned to PC under the NAT environment is called Private IP. Node A network connection end point, typically a computer. Packet A unit of data sent over a network.
12. Wireless Network Glossary PPPoE Point-to- Point Protocol over Ethernet. PPPoE relies on two widely accepted standards: PPP and Ethernet. PPPoE is a specification for connecting the users on an Ethernet to the Internet through a common broadband medium, such as a single DSL line, wireless device or cable modem. PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol: A VPN protocol developed by PPTP Forum. With PPTP, users can dial in to their corporate network via the Internet.
12. Wireless Network Glossary slower the transmission speed, the more sensitive the radio is. The unit for Receiver Sensitivity is in dB; the lower the absolute value is, the higher the signal strength. For example, -50dB is higher than -80dB. RJ-45 Standard connectors for Twisted Pair copper cable used in Ethernet networks. Although they look similar to standard RJ-11 telephone connectors, RJ-45 connectors can have up to eight wires, whereas telephone connectors have only four.
12. Wireless Network Glossary firmware to provide SNMP configuration service. The NMS typically is a PC based software such as HP Openview that can view and manage SNMP network device remotely. SSH Developed by SSH Communications Security Ltd., Secure Shell is a program to log into another computer over a network, to execute commands in a remote machine, and to move files from one machine to another. It provides strong authentication and secure communications over insecure channels.
12. Wireless Network Glossary TX Output Power Transmit Output Power. The TX output power means the transmission output power of the radio. Normally, the TX output power level limit for 2.4GHz 11g/b is 20dBm at the antenna end. The output power limit for 5GHz 802.11a is 30dBm at the antenna end.. UDP User Datagram Protocol. A layer-4 network protocol for transmitting data that does not require acknowledgement from the recipient of the data.
12. Wireless Network Glossary Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity. An interoperability certification for wireless local area network (LAN) products based on the IEEE 802.11 standards. The governing body for Wi-Fi is called Wi-Fi Alliance (also known as WECA). WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. A Wireless Metropolitan Network technology that complies with IEEE 802.16 and ETSI Hiperman standards. The orginal 802.16 standard call for operating frequency of 10 to 66Ghz spectrum. The 802.
12. Wireless Network Glossary WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access. It is an encryption standard proposed by WiFi for advance protection by utilizing a password key (TKIP) or certificate. It is more secure than WEP encryption. The WPA-PSK utilizes pre-share key for encryption/authentication. WPA2 Wi-Fi Protected Access 2. WPA2 is also known as 802.11i. It improves on the WPA security with CCMP and AES encryption. The WPA2 is backward compatible with WPA.
