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Copyright and Disclaimer Copyright & Disclaimer No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, whether electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or recording without the written consent of OvisLink Corp. OvisLink Corp. has made the best effort to ensure the accuracy of the information in this user’s guide. However, we are not liable for the inaccuracies or errors in this guide. Please use with caution.
Copyright and Disclaimer Regulatory Information Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
Copyright and Disclaimer IMPORTANT NOTE FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. Introduction.............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Overview............................................................................................ 1 1.2 Firmware Upgrade and Tech Support ................................................ 1 1.3 Wireless Operation Modes................................................................. 2 1.3.1 Dual Band Router Mode ...........................................
Table of Contents 3.5.2 Change the Device’s IP Address ...............................................................31 3.5.3 Change the Country Code .........................................................................32 3.5.4 Set the Time and Date ...............................................................................33 3.5.5 Change System Management ...................................................................34 3.5.6 Change Password ...................................................
Table of Contents 4.7.3 Multiple DMZ ...........................................................................................100 4.7.4 Virtual Server Settings .............................................................................101 4.7.5 Special Applications.................................................................................102 4.7.6 IP Filtering Settings..................................................................................103 4.7.7 IP Routing Settings ..................
1. Introduction 1 1. Introduction 0B 1.1 Overview 10B The A.DUO is a multi-functional dual band concurrent AP Router that can operate in 7 different wireless modes.. The AP features 2 Atheros 11a/b/g radios that run in 5GHz or 2.4GHz frequency band. Moreover, it provides hi-power at 11a mode for extra long distance application. There is an intergraded 802.3af POE port to let you run the AP at up to 100 meter distance away from the power source.
1. Introduction In addition, you might find new firmware that either increase software functions or provide bug fixes for A.DUO. You can reach our on-line support center at the following link: HU http://www.airlive.com/support/support_2.jsp U Since 2009, AirLive has added the “Newsletter Instant Support System” on our website. AirLive Newsletter subscribers receives instant email notifications when there are new download or tech support FAQ updates for their subscribed AirLive models.
1. Introduction WISP + AP Client Mode AP Router Bridge + AP Bridge Mode Access Point Dual Bridge Bridge Mode Bridge Mode Client + AP Client Bridge + Gateway Bridge Access Point AP Router Sharing WISP 5GHz Broadband Wirelessly WDS Wireless Repeater Long Distance Wireless Relay Station Universal Repeater Sharing remote Internet bandwidth 1.3.1 Dual Band Router Mode In Dual Band Concurrent mode, the radio1 works in 5Ghz while radio2 works in 2.4GHz mode. That means the A.
1. Introduction 1.3.2 Dual AP Mode In Dual AP mode, both wireless interface of A.DUO are set as AP and provide hotspot service on each interface. Radio1 is set to 11a mode while Radio2 is set to 11g/b Mode (changeable to 11a also). This mode is most useful for Dual Band Hotspot function such as in the hotels, shopping malls, or offices. 1.3.3 WISP + AP Mode In this mode, Radio1 (in 11a mode) acts as a client to connect with remote WISP Base Station.
1. Introduction 1.3.4 Bridge + AP Mode In this mode, Radio1 is working as Bridge mode in 5GHz while Radio is working as AP mode in 2.4Ghz or 5GHz (selectable0). This mode is useful for WISP backbone application where Radio 1 is used for connection to another Base Station and Radio2 is used for service to subscribers. This mode can also be used as repeater in indoor environment. 5 AirLive A.
1. Introduction The A.DUO’s Bridge mode can be configured as “WDS Bridge” or “Bridge Infrastructure”. In WDS Bridge, you must enter the remote AP’s MAC Address. It can connect with another WDS Bridge. In Bridge Infrastructure, you do not need to enter remote AP’s MAC address. It work like a client mode with MAC address transparency. Please note that this bridge type can only connect with Access Point. It can not connect with another Bridge. 1.3.
1. Introduction The A.DUO’s Bridge mode can be configured as “WDS Bridge” or “Bridge Infrastructure”. In WDS Bridge, you must enter the remote AP’s MAC Address. It can connect with another WDS Bridge. In Bridge Infrastructure, you do not need to enter remote AP’s MAC address. It work like a client mode with MAC address transparency. Please note that this bridge type can only connect with Access Point. It can not connect with another Bridge. 1.3.
1. Introduction 1.3.7 Bridge + Gateway In this mode, the radio1 is configured as a 5GHz Bridge while Radio2 is configured as AP Router in 11a/b/g mode. This mode is useful if your remote Base Station is working in WDS Bridge mode to transmit Internet broadband. The A.DUO’s Bridge mode can be configured as “WDS Bridge” or “Bridge Infrastructure”. In WDS Bridge, you must enter the remote AP’s MAC Address. It can connect with another WDS Bridge.
1. Introduction 9 AirLive A.
2. Installing the A.DUO 2 2. Installing 1B the A.DUO This section describes the hardware features and the hardware installation procedure for the A.DUO. For software configuration, please go to chapter 3 for more details. 2.1 Before You Start 13B It is important to read through this section before you install the A.DUO. The A.DUO’s PoE port is 48V 802.3af compliant. If you need to power the A.DUO by PoE, you need to purchase 802.3af compliant PoE kit (e.g. AirLive PoE-48PB) or PoE switch.
2. Installing the A.DUO 2.3 Knowing Your A.DUO 15B 2.3.1. Front side introduction 1 5 3 2 4 6 LED # Display Description 1 Power Solid Green LED while the device is powered on, either by power adaptor or PoE. 2 WLAN1 3 WLAN2 Solid Green LED while the device is powered on. Blinking while there is Data transmission, dark when this interface is turn off.
2. Installing the A.DUO 2.3.2. Back side introduction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Port # Display Description 1 WLAN1 Detachable antenna with R-SMA connector. 2 indoor 2dBi antennas are delivered. 2 Power Adaptor 5.5V 2.5A power supply adaptor delivered with product. 3 RESET Reset button for rebooting and reset device as default factory value. 4 LAN 3/PoE/ WAN Port WAN, LAN and PoE port. When it is in Dual Band Router mode, it function as a WAN port. It can be plug 802.
2. Installing the A.DUO 2.4 Installation steps 16B This section describes installation steps required for the A.DUO before it can work properly in your network. 2.4.1. Installation Steps by using LAN port 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Install antennas into the A.DUO Connect the broadband line into the LAN3/WAN port of the A.DUO Connect your PC to LAN1 or LAN2 port. Connect the power jack to the power port. Wait for 5 minutes. Then open the browser on your PC and type in "192.168.1.1" to reach the web management 6.
2. Installing the A.DUO 1. Install antennas into the A.DUO 2. Connect the broadband line into the LAN3/WAN port of the A.DUO 3. Connect the power jack to the power port. 4. Wait for 5 minutes. Then on your Notebook PC, scan and connect to “airlive2” wireless network 5. Open your web browser and type “192.168.1.1” to configure your A.DUO 6. When prompt for username/password, type “admin” as username and “airlive” as password 7. On the Welcome screen, select “Wireless Settings”. 8.
2. Installing the A.DUO 9. Select “Change Settings for: Radio2”. Then click on “Security Settings” 10. Choose WPA2-PSK and enter your own encryption key (please write down and do not forget it is case sensitive). Then click on “Apply” button 11. The A.DUO will reboot. After about 3 minutes, please try to access the network again. You will be prompted to enter your encryption key. 15 AirLive A.
2. Installing the A.DUO 2.4.3. Internet Installation Steps Please finish the LAN port and Wireless installations first in 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 before performing the following steps. If you are using A.DUO as a router, please follow the steps below: 1. Please make sure the Internet line is connected to the WAN port. 2. Open your web browser and type 192.168.1.1 3. When prompt for password, enter “admin” for username and “airlive” for password. 4.
2. Installing the A.DUO 6. Please enter your ISP’s authentication Information and Click on “Apply” button. are some guidelines.
3. Configuring the A.DUO 3 3. Configuring 2B the A.DUO The A.DUO offers many different types of management interface. You can configure through standard web browser (http), secured web (https), command line (telnet), secured command shell (SSH, SSH2), and SNMP management. In this chapter, we will explain A.DUO’s available management interfaces and how to get into them. Then, we will provide the introduction on Web Management and recommended initial settings. 3.
3. Configuring the A.DUO 3.2 Prepare Your PC 18B The A.DUO can be managed remotely by a PC through either the wired or wireless network. The default IP address of the A.DUO is 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. This means the IP address of the PC should be in the range of 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.254. The default mode for A.DUO is “Dual Band Router” mode. In this mode, the A.DUO’s DHCP server is turned on; therefore, your PC can get IP automatically from A.DUO.
3. Configuring the A.DUO 3.3 Management Interface 19B The A.DUO can be configured using one the management interfaces below: 3.3.1 Web Management (HTTP): You can manage your A.DUO by simply typing its IP address in the web browser. Most functions of A.DUO can be accessed by web management interface. We recommend using this interface for initial configurations. To begin, simply enter A.DUO’s IP address (default is 192.168.1.1) on the web browser.
3. Configuring the A.DUO After you pass the security warning screen, you will enter the secured web management interface. The default password is “airlive”. Please ignore the “Certificate Error” warning icon, it just notice you that you are in an un-certificated site, you still can configure the A.DUO without limitation. 21 AirLive A.
3. Configuring the A.DUO For more information about Web Management and HTTPS, please make sure to read through “Introduction to Web Management” in this chapter, Chapter 4, and Chapter 5 3.3.3 Command Line Interface (Telnet): A.DUO can be managed through the command line interface (CLI). It is possible to write a text script file, and then paste it into the CLI to execute several commands at once. However, Telnet does not encrypt its message. Therefore, it is not secure.
3. Configuring the A.DUO 3.3.4 Secure Shell (SSH, SSH2): SSH is an encrypted Command Line Interface that allow user to send text commands through SSL encryption. Therefore, it provides the added advantage of security comparing to Telnet. As with Telnet, the SSH and SSH2 provide the possibility to write a text script and paste into the CLI interface for multiple command execution. It also makes configuration change across many A.DUOs easier. The default management port for SSH/SSH2 is TCP/UDP port 22.
3. Configuring the A.DUO When the following screen appear, click on “Yes” to continue When the following screen appears, please enter “root” for login. Then keyin the “airlive” as default password. Now you are ready to enter commands To get a list of available command and their usage, please type “help” on the command prompt. For more information about Telnet and SSH configuration, please go to Chapter 7 Command Line Interface. AirLive A.
3. Configuring the A.DUO 3.3.5 SNMP Management: The A.DUO support SNMPv1/v2 management. If you have SNMP management software, it can manage the A.DUO. The A.DUO’s SNMP support is as followed: SNMP v1/v2 support SNMP Read/Write Community String SNMP Trap support MIB and MIB II Support Ether-like MIB IEEE802dot11 MIB Private MIB 3.4 Introduction to Web Management 20B The A.DUO offers both normal (http) and secured (https) Web Management interfaces.
3. Configuring the A.DUO A security warning screen from your browser will then pop-up depending on the browser you use. Please follow step below to clear the security screen. Internet Explorer: Select “Continue to this website” to proceed Firefox: Select “or you can add an exception” 1 AirLive A.
3. Configuring the A.DUO Click on “Add Exception” 2 Click on “Get Certificate”. Then, please enter A.DUO’s IP address. Finally, please click on “Confirm Security Exception.” 3 4 27 AirLive A.
3. Configuring the A.DUO 3.4.2 Welcome Screen and Login After the procedure above, the Welcome Screen will appear. Welcome Screen gives a brief introduction of the A.DUO’s main function category. By clicking on the function category, it will direct you to the corresponding web management menu. Wireless Settings: Click on this part will bring you to the wireless operation mode menu. The A.DUO’s wireless settings are different between wireless modes.
3. Configuring the A.DUO TIPS: You can choose any menu categories to begin; you can switch to other menu later After you click on the function category, the following screen will appear corresponding to the menu category you selected. The following example is when you selected the “System Configuration”. If you are placing the A.DUO behind router or firewall, you might need to open virtual server ports to A.
3. Configuring the A.DUO 3.5 Initial Configuration 21B We recommend users to browse through A.DUO’s web management interface to get an overall picture of the functions and interface. Below are the recommended initial configurations for first time login: 3.5.1 Choose the wireless Operation Modes The wireless settings of A.DUO are dependant on the wireless operation mode you choose. Therefore, the first step is to choose the operation mode.
3. Configuring the A.DUO 1 2 3.5.2 Change the Device’s IP Address The default IP address is at 192.168.1.1. You should change it to the same subnet as your network. Also, if you want to manage A.DUO remotely, you have to set the Gateway and DNS server information. To setup the IP settings for A.DUO, please select “System Configuration” -> Device IP Settings”. After entering the IP information, click on “Apply” to finish. 31 AirLive A.
3. Configuring the A.DUO 3.5.3 Change the Country Code The legal frequency and channels in 5GHz spectrum varies between countries. The default country code is United Kingdom which should require no changes If you are living in Europe. If you are living outside EU, you should change the country code accordingly. In the example below, we will change the country code to United States which enables the use of 5.8GHz spectrum. Step 1. Select “Operation Mode” -> “Setup” Step 2.
3. Configuring the A.DUO 3.5.4 Set the Time and Date It is important that you set the date and time for your A.DUO so that the system log will record the correct date and time information. Please go to “System Configuration” ->Time Settings. We recommend you choose “Enable NTP” so the time will be keep even after reboot. If your A.DUO is not connected to Internet, please enter the time manually. Please remember to select your local time zone and click “Apply” to finish. 33 AirLive A.
3. Configuring the A.DUO 3.5.5 Change System Management It is recommended that you change the system management settings first. Please go to “System Configuration”-> “System Management”. For WISP administrators, you can consider turning off HTTP and Telnet for security purpose. 3.5.6 Change Password You should change the password for A.DUO at the first login. To change password, please go to “System Configuration” -> “Password Settings” menu. AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4 4. Wireless 3B and WAN Settings In this chapter, we will explain about the wireless settings and router mode settings in web management interface. Please be sure to read through Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and “Initial Configurations” first. For system configurations, device status, and other non-wireless related settings; please go to Chapter 5. 4.1 About A.DUO Menu Structure 22B The A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Operation Mode: This menu is where you will find wireless and WAN settings. The A.DUO’s wireless settings are dependant on the wireless operation mode you choose; only the applicable wireless settings for selected operation mode are shown. For example; WAN port setting is available only for AP Router and WISP Router mode, it will only be shown in those modes. To access wireless settings, click on the “Setup” button within each operation mode.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.2 General Wireless Settings 23B The wireless settings of A.DUO are dependant on the wireless operation mode you choose. Therefore, the first step is to choose the operation mode. For explanation on when to use what operation mode, please refer to Chapter 1.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings The A.DUO device provides all 14 modes of wireless operational applications with: Mode Radio 1(11a) Dual Band Router AP Router Dual AP Mode WISP + AP Access Point Client Mode Bridge + AP Bridge Mode Dual Bridge Bridge Mode Client + AP Client Bridge + Gateway Bridge AirLive A.DUO User’s Manual Radio2(11a/b/g) Applications AP Router Dual Home Networks: 5GHz for Games/AV and 2.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.2.1 Regulatory Domain Operation Mode -> Setup -> Regulatory Domain The legal frequency and channels in 5GHz spectrum varies between countries. Please select your country from here. There is a special domain called “Test Domain” which will show all the channels. It is for compatibility testing only. Please make sure the channel you used is allowed in your country when select this special domain. 4.2.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings For WDS Bridge mode, the Site Survey will scan for available AP and Bridge networks. User can then find the MAC address (BSSID) of the remote Bridges. For AP and AP router mode, the Site Survey allows administrator to check what channels are already occupied for choosing a cleaner channel. When you click on Site Survey, the following screen will appear. It might take a few minutes to scan all the channels in the 5GHz spectrum.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.2.4 Signal Survey Operation Mode -> Setup -> Site Survey -> Signal Survey The Signal Survey will continuously display the RSSI value of the selected SSID for antenna alignment purpose. To use Signal Survey function, please enter the “Site Survey” function first; please refer to the instruction in the above section. Once you select the ESSID and click on the “Signal Survey” button, the following screen will appear. BSSID: This is the remote AP’s MAC address.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings The number of available legal channels might be different between countries. For example, Channel 149 to 161 are available only to United States and a few other countries. If you are living outside EU, please change the country from the “Regulatory Domain” option in this page. Below is the table list of channels and frequency. Frequency Domain 5.47 to 5.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.2.8 Security Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> Security Settings Security settings allow you to use encryption to secure your data from eavesdropping. You can select different security policy to provide association authentication and/or data encryption. The A.DUO features various security policies including WEP, 802.1x, WPA, WPA-PSK, WPA2, WPA2-PSK, WPA-Auto, and WPA-PSK-Auto. Please note not all security policies are available in all operation modes.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings WEP Keys: Please enter the WEP keys used for encryption. You need to fill at least the “Select WEP Key”. For example; if you choose “Encrypt Data with WEP Key 1” in the previous field, then it is necessary to fill WEP Key 1. The length of key is dependant on the Key Length and Key type you choose. Key Length: The A.DUO offers 64bit, 128 bit, and 152 bit for WEP key length. The longer the Key Length, the more secure the encryption is.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings U Rekey interval is time period that the system will change the key periodically. The shorter the interval is, the better the security is. To Enable RADIUS Server: Server IP: The IP address of the RADIUS server. Port Number: The port number that your RADIUS server uses for authentication. The default setting is 1812. Shared Secret: This is used by your RADIUS server in the Shared Secret field in RADIUS protocol messages. The shared secret configured in the A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select “Both” to allow TKIP clients and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time. Group Rekey Interval: A group key is used for multicast/broadcast data, and the re-key interval is time period that the system will change the group key periodically.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Pre-shared Key: This is an ASCII string with 8 to 63 characters. Please make sure that both the A.DUO and the wireless client stations use the same key. Encryption Type: There are two encryption types TKIP and CCMP (AES). While CCMP provides better security than TKIP, some wireless client stations may not be equipped with the hardware to support it. You can select “Both” to allow TKIP clients and CCMP clients to connect to the Access Point at the same time.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.2.10 Advance Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> Advance Settings This page includes all the wireless settings that change the RF behaviors of A.DUO. It is important to read through this section before attempting to make changes. AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Beacon Interval: Beacon Interval: The device broadcasts beacon frames regularly to announce its existence. The beacon Interval specifies how often beacon frames are transmitted in time unit of milliseconds. The default value is 100, and a valid value should be between 1 and 65,535. RTS Threshold: RTS/CTS frames are used to gain control of the medium for transmission.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings User Limitation: This limitation applies to number of wireless clients the device can associate. If you need to serve wireless connection to large number of users in one location. You can deploy many APs and limit the number of wireless clients, so any additional wireless connection attempt will be rejected (therefore, redirect to other AP). The range of user limitation is from 1 to 100. Age Out Timer: Set the age out timer for the wireless client.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Enable Radio eXtended Range: XR is Atheros eXtended technology to increase range. When XR is turned on, the radio can increase the receiver sensitivity greatly. However, performance may be reduced significantly also. Use this mode only if you can trade more distance for lower performance. Enable privacy separator: Select the check box to prohibit data transmission between client stations. This function is also known as “Client Isolation”. Enable 802.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.2.11 Access Control (ACL) Operation Mode -> Setup -> Access Control The A.DUO allows you to define a list of MAC addresses that are allowed or denied to access the wireless network. This function is available only for Access Point and AP Router modes. Disable MAC address control list: When selected, no MAC address filtering will be performed.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.2.12 Multiple SSID Operation Mode -> Setup -> Multiple SSID This function is available only for Access Point and AP Router modes. Multiple SSID allows A.DUO to create up to 4 different wireless networks (SSID). It is also known as “Virtual AP” function. Each SSID can have its Encryption type, VLAN Tag, and TOS settings. In the following diagram, the A.DUO uses Multiple SSID function to create separate Bridge and Client network. Each has its own encryption policies.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Configuring the Multiple SSID When you click on the “Multiple SSID” button, the following screen will appear. Click here to Apply changes in “VLAN” and “DiffServe Marking” This is the default SSID Click here to apply changes on adding or deleting SSID U How to add a SSID You can add up to 4 SSID in A.DUO. Please follow the procedure below: 1. 2. 3. 4. Enter the SSID name (i.e. BridgeNet) Select the Security Policy (i.e. WPA-PSK) Enter the Security Key (i.e. BridgeNetKey).
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 1 2 3 4 U How to Modify or Delete a SSID Please follow the procedure below: 1. 2. 3. 4. Select the SSID you want to modify or delete The SSID’s settings will be displayed in the box area. Modify any settings. Click on “Apply” to complete the modification Or click on “Delete Selected” to delete the SSID 55 AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 1 2 4 3 Configure the VLAN and DiffServ Markings When you check the Enable VLAN for All SSIDs and/or Enable DiffServ Marking, the following screen will appear: AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Click here to Apply changes in “VLAN” and “DiffServe Marking” Default SSID and VLAN group Enable VLAN for All SSIDs: Once this function is enabled, you can specify an individual VLAN ID and priority tag for each SSID. The packets from a SSID will be forwarded to the Ethernet with the corresponding configured VLAN ID written. You need to click on the top “APPLY” button after making changes.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings VLAN IP NetMask: Define your VLAN IP scope here 802.1p Priority: Define your 802.1p priority Tag here. Value from 0 to 7 Select DSCP TYPE: Assign the 6-digit DifferServ Code (DSCP) for the packets in the SSID network for QoS purpose. There are 8 preset values. To assign your own value, please select “Best Effort” DSCP Value: When you select “Best Effort” DSCP Type, you can enter the 6-dgit DSCP Value here.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.2.13 WMM QoS Setting Operation Mode -> Setup -> WMM QoS Setting Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) is a standard to prioritize traffic for multimedia applications. The WMM Settings is to specify parameters on multiple data queue for better performance of differentiated wireless traffic like Voice-over-IP (VoIP), other types of audio, video, and streaming media as well as traditional IP data over the AP. 59 AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Configure the WMM QoS Parameters AC Type The queue and associated priorities and parameters for transmission are as follows: Data 0 (Best Effort, BE): Medium priority queue, medium throughput anddel ay. Most traditional IP data is sent to this queue. Data 1 (Background, BK): Lowest priority queue, high throughput.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Data 3 (Voice, VO): Highest priority queue, minimum delay. Time-sensitive data such as Voice over IP (VoIP) is automatically sent to this queue. Packets in a higher priority queue will be transmitted before packets in a lower priority queue. ECWmin and ECWmax If an access point detects that the medium is in use, it uses the DCF random backoff timer to determine the amount of time to wait before attempting to access a given channel again.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings ECWmax: If the first random backoff time ends before successful transmission of the data frame, the access point increases a retry counter, and doubles the value of the random backoff window. The value specified in the Maximum Contention Window is the upper limit for this doubling of the random backoff. This doubling continues until either the data frame is sent or the Maximum Contention Window size is reached.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Transmission Opportunity The Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) is an interval of time when a WMM client station has the right to initiate transmissions onto the wireless medium. This value specifies (in milliseconds) the Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) for client stations; that is, the interval of time when a WMM client station has the right to initiate transmissions on the wireless network. We recommend that you use the default settings on the WMM QoS page.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings To Enable RADIUS Server: Server IP: The IP address of the RADIUS server. Port Number: The port number that your RADIUS server uses for authentication. The default setting is 1812. RADIUS Type: RADIUS Shared Secret: This is used by your RADIUS server in the Shared Secret field in RADIUS protocol messages. The shared secret configured in the A.DUO must match the shared secret configured in the RADIUS server.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Settings for Total Bandwidth Control Check to enable Bandwidth Control After enabling Bandwidth Control and selecting “Total” or “Per User” type, click here to Apply Select Total or Per User control here Settings for Per-User Bandwidth Control Enable Bandwidth: Check to enable Bandwidth Control. Uncheck to disable it. The default value is disabled. You must select between Total Bandwidth and Per-User Bandwidth. They can not be enabled at the same time.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Total Downlink Speed: Enter speed you wish to limit the download traffic in Kbps units. Total Uplink Speed: Enter the speed you wish to limit the upload traffic in Kbps units. Per User Bandwidth Control: Per user Bandwidth Control can limit speed of individual PC and network device. The A.DUO allows multiple Per-User bandwidth rules and can limit the bandwidth by IP address, MAC address, or IP segment.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Application: This option is available only in WISP router and AP Router mode. It can limit the bandwidth of HTTP, FTP, BitTorrent, and eDonkey traffic. Downlink Max: Enter the speed you wish to limit the download traffic in kbps Uplink Max: Enter the speed you wish to limit the upload traffic in kbps Example 1: Total Bandwidth Control In this example, the A.DUO is in Client Infrastructure mode connecting to a remote AP.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 3 2 4 5 Example 2: Per User Bandwidth Control In this example, the A.DUO is Access Point mode. There is a wireless client connecting to A.DUO with MAC address of 00:04:6F:11:11:11. We want to limit the bandwidth of the wireless client to 1024 downstream and 512K upstream using A.DUO’s Per-User Bandwidth Control. Step 1 Enable Bandwidth Control and select “Per User Bandwidth Control” Step 2 Enter Description for this policy (Wireless Client) AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Step 3 Select “MAC Address”, and then enter the MAC address of the wireless client. Step 4 Enter the downlink speed as “1024” and uplink speed as “512”. Step 5 Click on “Add” button to add the bandwidth policy Step 6 This new policy should appear on the button. You can enable/disable it. 1 2 3 4 5 6 69 AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.3 AP Specific Settings 24B The Access Point mode is the most basic mode of multi-function Access Point. In this mode, the AP will act as a central hub for different Wireless LAN clients. Some hotspot Access Points requires 802.1x authenticator function to authenticate a user before providing internet service. AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Enable Radio: Use this check box to turn on or turn off the radio. Network ID (SSID): This is to change your SSID. Disable SSID Broadcasting: Enable the check box if you want to hide your SSID in the network. This prevent an un-welcomed client survey your radio. Radio Mode: Connection modes on A.DUO and its wireless client. Note that the client must support the same mode as A.DUO to connect. Channel: 11a supports channel 100 to 140.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.4 Bridge Mode Specific Settings 25B The A.DUO supports Bridge connection through either “WDS” or “Bridge Infrastructure settings. It is selectable under the Bridge mode settings as shown below: WDS Bridge (Pure MAC): WDS Bridge mode can make Point-to-Point and Multi-Point connections. It also delivers faster performance than infrastructure networks. In a WDS network, each node can have up to 8 connections.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Bridge Infrastructure: Bridge Infrastructure mode connects to AP mode to form a star topology. Bridge Infrastructure mode can not make a Point-to-Point connection. However, it works with WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK encryption. This mode is also unknown as Client Mode with MAC Address Transparency. When to use which bridge mode: WDS Bridge Mode: When you making point-to-point connection. For example, when you build wireless bridge network between office and warehouse.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.4.1 WDS Bridge Settings In this section, we will talk about how to configure the WDS Settings. WDS Bridges are using BSSID (AP’s Wireless MAC address) to authenticate each other. Therefore, it is necessary to know the remote Bridge’s wireless MAC addresses. You can always do a “Site Survey” to find out the MAC Addresses. When you click on WDS settings, the following screen will appear: Here are the encryption key settings for WEP.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings WEP Key: You can set up to 4 keys; each key can have different Key Length and Key type. When you add an entry to the WDS setting and select WEP encryption, the system will ask you which key to use. All devices on the network must have the same sets of keys, but each link can have use different key. We recommend using WEP-152 whenever possible for better security. Adding a new WDS link The WDS links are created by entering the remote Bridge’s information.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.5 Client Mode Specific Settings 26B Client mode is also known as Ethernet Client. In this mode, the AP will act as a WLAN card to connect with the remote AP. Users can connect PC or local LAN to the Ethernet port of local LAN to the Ethernet port of the client mode AP. This mode is mostly used as a CPE device for WISP subscriber. 1. To connect to an access point, use the “Site Survey” button to find the Access Point. Local Area Network AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 2. The Site Survey pop up window then shows up and lists available access point with relative information. Click here to show the signal strength of the selected access point. 3. Select the access point you want to connect and then click the “ASSOCIATE” button. The Signal Survey pop up windows shows as following: 77 AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4. After the access point is selected, its SSID shows automatically in the Network ID (SSID) field. AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.6 Gateway Mode Specific Settings 27B In Gateway mode, router functions are added between one Ethernet port and other network interfaces. Therefore, the ISP subscriber can share the ISP connection without need for extra router. 79 AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.6.1 WAN Port Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> WAN Port Settings The A.DUO support different authentication and IP assignment standards for the WAN port. It includes fixed IP, DHCP, PPPoE and PPTP protocols. Please consult with your ISP about what authentication type is used for the WAN port connection. Clone MAC Address: Some service provider (Cable Modem provider) lock to certain MAC address. In this situation, the WAN port of A.DUO needs to clone the MAC address.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 81 AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.6.2 PPPoE Server Settings The PPPoE server setting is only available when the A.DUO is in Dual Band Router mode. The maximum number of concurrent accounts is 14. Operation Mode -> Setup -> PPPoE Server Settings Enable/Disable: Used to enable or disable PPPoE server. Authentication: Choose to use “Local Account” or “Radius” as authentication mechanism. If choosing “Local Account”, you have to configure “Local Account Management”.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings MPPE Encryption: Used to enable or disable special MPPE encryption function. Compression: Used to enable compression function. Local Account Management User Name: Specify authentication username. Password: Specify authentication password. Assign IP: Specify the IP address of PPPoE client. If 0.0.0.0 is specified, then PPPoE client will get an IP address between remote start IP and remote end IP. 4.6.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings PPPoE Server Local IP Address: 192.168.1.20 PPPoE Server Remote Starting IP: 192.168.1.100 PPPoE Server Remote End IP: 192.168.1.200 PPPoE Server One User Per Account: Disable PPPoE Account1 Username: user1 Password: user1 Assign IP: 0.0.0.0 PPPoE Account2 Username: user2 Password: user2 Assign IP: 192.168.1.30 AirMax5 Bridge Infrastructure Mode IP: 192.168.1.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4. setup the PPPoE server according to the information: 5. Configure the WAN PPPoE client account on Router 1 and Router2. 85 AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 6. 7. Check the IP addresses obtain from PPPoE server for Router1 and Router2 are correct. Do a PING command from PC2 to PC1 and from PC3 to PC1. The PING should response. 4.6.3 DHCP Server Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> DHCP Server Settings DHCP Server Settings is to assign private IP address to the devices in your local area network (LAN). Note that A.DUO keeps the IP address of 192.168.1.1 and act as the default gateway of the LAN.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.6.4 Multiple DMZ Operation Mode -> Setup -> Multiple DMZ Multiple DMZ opens all TCP/UDP ports to particular IP address on the LAN side. It allows setting up servers behind the A.DUO. Select a DMZ type and then enter the local DMZ IP address Note: A DMZ server is a common term used to describe the default virtual server. If the DMZ server is selected, Internet traffic not destined for a valid virtual server is redirected to this privately addressed LAN client.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.6.5 Virtual Server Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> Virtual Setting This allows you to specify one or more applications running on server computers on the LAN that may be accessed by any Internet user. Internet data destined for the specified public port will be directed to the specified private port number on the LAN client with the specified private IP address. AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.6.6 Special Applications Operation Mode -> Setup -> Special Applications Some Internet application such as Instant Messaging or games use groups of ports, and are not easy to work behind a firewall. To work well with these special applications we will open ports to let traffic pass through. Note: You can use up to 3 sets of opened ports for a specific application. The opened ports can be separated by a comma and no spaces are allowed (e.g. 2300-2305, 4300-4305, 5300-5305).
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.6.7 IP Filtering Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> IP Filtering Settings IP filtering is simply a mechanism that decides which types of IP datagram will be processed normally and which will be discarded. This allows you to define rules for allowing / denying access from / to the Internet. Please do set both inbound/outbound in order to get complete connection. Only inbound or outbound will not allow to get response from the destination IP.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings You can also define IP filtering rule, such as: Name; IP Protocol; Apply to either Outbound to the Internet or Inbound from the Internet; Source IP Address and Dest. (Destination) IP Address. To grant or deny IP address, select ADD or Delete Selected. 4.6.8 IP Routing Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> IP Routing Settings The IP Routing Settings allows you to configure routing feature in the gateway 91 AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Dynamic Routing: Select the routing protocol scheme used for the router’s LAN / WAN port. Static Routing: This allows you to manually configure static network routes. Static routes will override routes learned by standard routing protocol discover methods. IP Routing Table: To delete a static route from the table, select the route and click DELETE SELECTED. Note: Changes to the routing table will take effect immediately. AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.6.9 Dynamic DNS Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> Dynamic DNS Settings Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows you to create a hostname that points to your dynamic IP or static IP address or URL. A.DUO provide Dynamic DNS client using DynDNS, please visit http://www.dyndns.org for detail. HU UH 93 AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.6.10 Remote Management Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> Remote Management Remote Management allows administrator to manage the A.DUO from WAN side. can also change the management port and other settings here. You HTTP Port No: The default port for HTTP is Port 80, you can change the value here Timeout: The default management timeout is 10 minutes. After timeout, the A.DUO will ask you to login again. You can change the timeout value here.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.7 WISP Specific Settings 28B In WISP mode, the AP will behave just the same as the Client mode for wireless function. However, router functions are added between the wireless WAN side and the Ethernet LAN side. Therefore, the WISP subscriber can share the WISP connection without need for extra router. WISP mode acts both in AP and Router which included in these operation modes: AP + WISP and WISP + AP.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.7.1 WAN Port Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> WAN Port Settings The A.DUO support different authentication and IP assignment standards for the WAN port. It includes fixed IP, DHCP, PPPoE and PPTP protocols. Please consult with your ISP about what authentication type is used for the WAN port connection. AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Clone MAC Address: Some service provider (Cable Modem provider) lock to certain MAC address. In this situation, the WAN port of A.DUO needs to clone the MAC address. Please check the “Clone MAC address” box and enter the address that need to be cloned. 97 AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.7.2 DHCP Server Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> DHCP Server Settings DHCP Server Settings is to assign private IP address to the devices in your local area network (LAN). Note that A.DUO keeps the IP address of 192.168.1.1 and act as the default gateway of the LAN. You can assign IP address to MAC address; the DHCP server will keep the IP for the MAC address. Change IP range and IP Lease Time here Manually assign MAC address to IP here 99 AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.7.3 Multiple DMZ Operation Mode -> Setup -> Multiple DMZ Multiple DMZ opens all TCP/UDP ports to particular IP address on the LAN side. It allows setting up servers behind the A.DUO. Select a DMZ type and then enter the local DMZ IP address Note: A DMZ server is a common term used to describe the default virtual server. If the DMZ server is selected, Internet traffic not destined for a valid virtual server is redirected to this privately addressed LAN client.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.7.4 Virtual Server Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> Virtual Setting This allows you to specify one or more applications running on server computers on the LAN that may be accessed by any Internet user. Internet data destined for the specified public port will be directed to the specified private port number on the LAN client with the specified private IP address. 101 AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.7.5 Special Applications Operation Mode -> Setup -> Special Applications Some Internet application such as Instant Messaging or games use groups of ports, and are not easy to work behind a firewall. To work well with these special applications we will open ports to let traffic pass through. Note: You can use up to 3 sets of opened ports for a specific application. The opened ports can be separated by a comma and no spaces are allowed (e.g. 2300-2305, 4300-4305, 5300-5305).
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.7.6 IP Filtering Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> IP Filtering Settings IP filtering is simply a mechanism that decides which types of IP datagram will be processed normally and which will be discarded. This allows you to define rules for allowing / denying access from / to the Internet. Please do set both inbound/outbound in order to get complete connection. Only inbound or outbound will not allow to get response from the destination IP.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings You can also define IP filtering rule, such as: Name; IP Protocol; Apply to either Outbound to the Internet or Inbound from the Internet; Source IP Address and Dest. (Destination) IP Address. To grant or deny IP address, select ADD or Delete Selected. 4.7.7 IP Routing Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> IP Routing Settings The IP Routing Settings allows you to configure routing feature in the gateway AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings Dynamic Routing: Select the routing protocol scheme used for the router’s LAN / WAN port. Static Routing: This allows you to manually configure static network routes. Static routes will override routes learned by standard routing protocol discover methods. IP Routing Table: To delete a static route from the table, select the route and click DELETE SELECTED. Note: Changes to the routing table will take effect immediately. 105 AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.7.8 Dynamic DNS Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> Dynamic DNS Settings Dynamic DNS (DDNS) allows you to create a hostname that points to your dynamic IP or static IP address or URL. A.DUO provide Dynamic DNS client using DynDNS, please visit http://www.dyndns.org for detail. HU UH AirLive A.
4. Wireless and WAN Settings 4.7.9 Remote Management Settings Operation Mode -> Setup -> Remote Management Remote Management allows administrator to manage the A.DUO from WAN side. can also change the management port and other settings here. You HTTP Port No: The default port for HTTP is Port 80, you can change the value here Timeout: The default management timeout is 10 minutes. After timeout, the A.DUO will ask you to login again. You can change the timeout value here.
5. System Configuration 5 System Configuration 5. 4B In this chapter, we will explain about System Configurations in web management interface. Please be sure to read through Chapter 3’s “Introduction to Web Management” and “Initial Configurations” first. 5.1 System Configuration 29B When you click on the “System Configuration” menu on the top menu bar, the following screen will appear. The system configuration includes all non-wireless settings. We will explain their functions here. 5.1.
5. System Configuration Assign Static IP to the Device If you choose to assign the IP address manually, enable the checkbox of “Assign static IP to this device” and then fill in the following fields IP Address and IP Subnet Mask: Default values are 192.168.1.1 and 255.255.255.0 respectively. It is important to note that there are similar addresses falling in the standard private IP address range and it is an essential security feature of the device.
5. System Configuration Use DHCP Client Protocol to Get IP automatically If you choose to use a DHCP Server to acquire an IP address for the A.DUO automatically, enable the check box “Use the DHCP client protocol to automatically get the IP address for this device”. Then click “Next” to go to the next screen. As a reminder, you might loss the IP address of A.DUO when IP is assigned dynamically. 5.1.
5. System Configuration 5.1.3 Password Settings System Configuration ->Password Settings To change password, please go to “System Configuration” -> “Password Settings” menu. 5.1.4 System Management System Configuration -> System Management In this page, administrator can change the management parameters and disable/enable management interface. 111 AirLive A.
5. System Configuration System Administration HTTP Port No: The default port for HTTP is Port 80, you can change the value here Timeout: The default management timeout is 10 minutes. After timeout, the A.DUO will ask you to login again. You can change the timeout value here. Web Server Access: You can enable or disable HTTP service from WAN side Response to WAN ping: You can disable or enable whether A.DUO will response to PING command. AirLive A.
5. System Configuration UPnP: Click here to enable UPnP. It is recommended not to open UPnP for security reason. Syslog: Syslog is an IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force - the Internet standards body)-conformant standard for logging system events (RFC-3164). When the A.DUO encounters an error or warning condition (ie., a log-in attempt with an invalid password), it will create a log in the system log table.
5. System Configuration System Name: A name that you assign to your A.DUO. It is an alphanumeric string of up to 30 characters. System Location: Enter a system location. System Contact: Contact information for the system administrator responsible for managing the A.DUO. It is an alphanumeric string of up to 60 characters.
5. System Configuration A trap manager is a remote SNMP management station where special SNMP trap messages are generated (by the router) and sent to in the network. You can define trap managers in the system. You can add a trap manager by entering a name, an IP address, followed by pressing the ADD button. You can delete a trap manager by selecting the corresponding entry and press the DELETE SELECTED button.
5. System Configuration PING Frequency means: "How often the CPE will PING". For example, it will PING once every "1" minute. Fail Tries means "How many times fails before the CPE will judge the PING failed". For example "2" means the CPE will reconnect if the PING doesn't respond for 2 times. When you set the Ping Frequency to every "2" minutes and Fail Tries to "2". It means the CPE will ping every 2 minutes, after the second failure, it will reconnect. Actions: Reconnect: the A.
5. System Configuration 5.1.7 Firmware Upgrade System Configuration -> Firmware Upgrade You can upgrade the firmware of your A.DUO (the software that controls your A.DUO’s operation). Normally, this is done when a new version of firmware offers new features that you want, or solves problems that you have encountered with the current version. Upgrade Firmware: To update the A.
5. System Configuration Do not power off the device while upgrading the firmware. It is recommended that you do not upgrade your A.DUO unless the new firmware has new features you need or if it has a fix to a problem that you’ve encountered. 5.1.8 Configuration Save and Restore System Configuration -> Configuration Save and Restore You can save system configuration settings to a file, and later download it back to the A.DUO by following the steps.
5. System Configuration 5.1.9 Factory Default System Configuration -> Factory Default You can reset the configuration of your A.DUO to the factory default settings. Step 1 Select Factory Default from the System Configuration menu. Step 2 Click “YES” to go ahead and restore the configuration to the factory default. 5.1.10 Reboot System System Configuration -> Reboot System You can reboot A.DUO in this page. 119 AirLive A.
5. System Configuration 5.1.11 A.DUO Emergency Recovery This section guides to recover your A.DUO system if the firmware crashed. 1. Download the tftp server to your PC. In the following example, we use tftpd32: http://tftpd32.jounin.net/tftpd32_download.html . 2. Copy the tftpd32.exe of the downloaded file to C:\. 3. Change the IP address of your PC to 192.168.1.254 / 255.255.255.0 4. Copy the A.DUO firmware to C:\ and rename the firmware to “zImage”. Note that the name must be zImage and no extension. 5.
5. System Configuration The name of firmware must change to zImage and must be in C:\ (The same folder as running tftpd.exe) 7. Power on A.DUO, the “Status” LED will light on after 3 seconds. 8. Push the “Reset” button until the “Status” LED off and on again and release the “Reset” button. 9. If the above process success, the A.DUO LAN LED keep flashing and the tftp serve shows file download information. 10. It takes around 5 minutes to download firmware and around 5 minutes to update the firmware. 11.
6. Device Status & Tools 6 6. Device Status & Tools 5B 6.1 Device Status 30B When you click on the “Device Status” on the top menu bar, the sub menu for device status will appear. 6.1.1 Device Information This page shows the general information about A.DUO such as firmware version, device IP/MAC, WAN IP/MAC (in router modes), Gateway IP (in router modes), DNS IP…etc.
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6. Device Status & Tools 6.1.2 Wireless Information This page shows the information about wireless status such as current operation mode, wireless traffic, error packets, RSSI, Remote device’s BSSD, connecting State, channel, and encryption used. AirLive A.
6. Device Status & Tools 6.1.3 LAN Information This page shows the information about LAN port of the A.DUO. It includes the type of LAN port authentication used and the IP address information about the LAN port. 125 AirLive A.
6. Device Status & Tools 6.1.4 Internet Information This page shows the information about WAN port of the A.DUO. It includes the type of WAN port authentication used and the IP address information about the WAN port. AirLive A.
6. Device Status & Tools 6.1.5 Wireless Client Table This function is available in AP mode and AP Router mode only. It displays the information about wireless clients that are associated with A.DUO. It includes signal strength, TX and RX data rate, MAC address, and the state. 127 AirLive A.
6. Device Status & Tools 6.1.6 System Log The System Log displays the system activities, login, and system error report. If you need to report a problem to Air Live, please be sure to send us the System Log information also. AirLive A.
6. Device Status & Tools 6.1.7 Network Ping Network Ping tool allows user to test whether a particular host is reachable across an Internet Protocol (IP) network. 129 AirLive A.
6. Device Status & Tools 6.1.8 Network Traceroute Network Traceroute tool is used to show the route taken by packets across an IP network. AirLive A.
7. Command Line Interface 7. 7 Command Line Interface 6B In this chapter, we will explain commands that are available through Telnet or SSH interface. We will provide descriptions for the commands, example settings and the A.DUO’s response. The purpose for this chapter is to introduce available CLI commands only. For detail descriptions on the concept and application of the settings, please refer to chapter 4 and chapter 5. Before reading this chapter, please go through Section 3.3 of Chapter 3.
7. Command Line Interface 7.1 System Commands 31B ping This is the command Purpose: to ping a remote IP address Example: Here explains the usage of the command Command> ping 192.168.1.1 PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=1.8 ms Example command and response 64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.
7. Command Line Interface Write file is [/etc/defsysconfig.conf] Rebooting... webservice Purpose: Example: Enable or Disable Web management interface on LAN or WAN Command> webservice lan enable webservice from lan enable site survey Purpose: Example: Site Survey display Command> site survey Please wait a moment for site survey...
7. Command Line Interface 7.2 Debugging Commands 32B Those debugging commands are commands used for manufacturing testing process. If a z_debug command looks similar to a Set command, please use the Set command instead.
7. Command Line Interface z_debug set port radio1 11a Purpose: instead; Set SSID and Channel. We recommend using set commands set ssid : to set the ssid name set rate mode : set radio mode to 11a Example: Command> z_debug set port radio1 11a air2 64 135 AirLive A.
7. Command Line Interface 7.3 Show Commands 33B Show Commands are command that show the settings and status of A.DUO show arp table Purpose: Show ARP Table Example: Command> show arp table IP address Flags HWaddress Device -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------192.168.1.
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7. Command Line Interface show snmp Purpose: Show whether SNMP is enable or disabled Example: Command> show snmp SNMP is enabled show trap manager Purpose: Show SNMP Trap manager status Example: Command> show trap manager Trap Manager IP Address Status -------------------------------------------------------------------ailrive 192.168.1.
7. Command Line Interface show radius server Purpose: Show settings of primary or secondary radius server Example: Command> show radius server primary RADIUS Server: primary State: Disabled Server IP: 0.0.0.
7. Command Line Interface show snmp statistics Purpose: Show SNMP satistics Example: Command> show snmp statistics Timeout: No Response from 192.168.1.
7. Command Line Interface show mode Purpose: Show what operation is A.
7. Command Line Interface show firmware version show vlan ssid list show wds settings show advanced wireless show syslogd show antenna Purpose: Check antenna polarization Example: Command> show antenna Antenna setting is Vertical; show ratemode Purpose: Show whether the A.
7. Command Line Interface 7.4 Set Commands 34B The Set Commands are to make changes to the A.
7. Command Line Interface set radius server reattempt Purpose: set radius server reattempt interval in minutes Example: Command> set radius server reattempt 20 /etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found killall: wpa_supplicant: no process killed /etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_hal.o Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_rate_atheros.o Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.
7. Command Line Interface set telnet timeout Purpose: Example: Set Telnet management timeout Command> set telnet timeout 10 Changing telnet timeout may cause current telnet connections to be lost.
7. Command Line Interface Are you sure ? ( y/n ) : y set Purpose: Example: enable/disable ping response or web server on the lan/wan side Command> set lan ping enable set lan ping already enable set lan ip sm gw dns Purpose: set LAN IP address such as IP, Subnet mask, gateway, and DNS server Example: Command> set lan ip 192.168.1.1 sm 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.254 dns 168.95.1.
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7. Command Line Interface set fragmentation Purpose: set fragmentation value. For explanation on advance wireless parameters, please refer to section 4.2.14 Example: Command> set fragmentation 2346 Radio1 fragmentation: 2346 set dtim interval Purpose: To set dtim interval value. For explanation on advance wireless parameters, please refer to section 4.2.
7. Command Line Interface set data rate Purpose: To set the date rate. Example: For example, 54mbps, 36mbps….
7. Command Line Interface Radio1 authentication type : wep ! set security interval <0~300> Purpose: to set the WPA or WPA2 security policy Example: Command> set security A.DUO wpa2 tkip interval 300 Radio1 authentication type : wpa2 ! set security interval <0~300> Purpose: to set the WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security policy Example: Command> set security A.
7. Command Line Interface 7.5 Enable/Disable Commands 35B Commands to enable or disable settings ( enable/disable ): upnp Purpose: To enable or disable UPnP Example: Command>enable upnp (Upnp)descDocName: BD.xml UPnP Daemon: Intializing UPnP with descDocUrl=http://192.168.1.1:80/BD.xml UPnP Daemon: ipaddress=192.168.1.1 port=80 UPnP Daemon: conf_dir_path=/var/upnp Initializing UPnP SDK ... UPnP SDK Successfully Initialized.
7. Command Line Interface syslogd Purpose: To enable or disable syslog Example: Command> enable syslogd Invalid configuration specified. Command> disable syslogd Syslogd is disabled radius server Purpose: To enable or disable primary/secondary radius server Example: Command> enable radius server primary Invalid configuration specified. Command> enable radius server secondary Invalid configuration specified. AirLive A.
7. Command Line Interface 7.6 Add/Delete Commands 36B Commands to add or delete settings ( add/delete ): add mac filter < Mnemonics Name> Purpose: to add an entry to the MAC address filter Example: Command> add mac filter aaa 00-4f-62-24-12-34 /etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found killall: wpa_supplicant: no process killed /etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_hal.o Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.
7. Command Line Interface killall: wpa_supplicant: no process killed /etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_hal.o Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_rate_atheros.o Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_dfs.o Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_ahb.
7. Command Line Interface enter shared secret: 123 enable server (yes/no): yes /etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found killall: wpa_supplicant: no process killed /etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_hal.o Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_rate_atheros.o Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_dfs.o Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_ahb.
7. Command Line Interface 234 enable server (yes/no): yes /etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found killall: wpa_supplicant: no process killed /etc/wlan/ap_service: 17: uname: not found Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_hal.o Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_rate_atheros.o Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_dfs.o Using /lib/modules/2.4.25-LSDK-5.1.0.42/wlan/ath_ahb.
7. Command Line Interface Command> add ssid air03 broadcast enable Add R1 ssid broadcast enable successful! 157 AirLive A.
8. Frequent Asked Questions 8. Frequent 8 7B Asked Questions ======= ============================================================= Question: I heard A.DUO can limit the bandwidth of BitTorrent and eDonkey traffic. But I don’t see the option on the Bandwidth Control. Answer: The option to limit bandwidth by application or port is available only on WISP and Gateway modes.
8. Frequent Asked Questions Question: When do I use Per-User Bandwidth Control by IP, MAC, or IP segment? Answer: In general, IP address control limits the devices on the end node (i.e. PC and WISP router). MAC address control can limit the traffic of a AP/CPE in wireless client mode. IP address: When you want to limit the bandwidth of a single notebook computer, PC, or WISP router. MAC address: When you want to limit the bandwidth of a remote AP/CPE in Client mode. For example, another A.
9. Specifications 9 9. Specifications 8B The specification of A.DUO is subject to change without notice. Please use the information with caution. Hardware Atheros CPU High power design, up to 26dBm with included antennas (limit to 23dBm in U.S. and 20dBm in EU) 3 x 10/100Mbps LAN Ports 802.3af PoE Port Dual wireless interface 11a + 11a/b/g operation simultaneously. RoHS compliant IEEE 802.
9. Specifications Frequency Range WLAN1(Radio 1) 802.11a : 5.475 to 5.725 GHz WLAN2 (Radio 2) 802.11b/g : 2.412 to 2.472 GHz 802.11a : 5.475 to 5.725 GHz Frequency Band 5.47 to 5.725GHz: U-NII World Wide and ETSI Band3 Frequency Channel WLAN1(Radio 1) 802.11a USA (FCC) : 12 Europe (ETSI) : 12 WLAN2(Radio 2) 802.11b/g USA (FCC) : 11 Europe (ETSI) : 13 802.11a USA (FCC) : 12 Europe (ETSI) : 12 Power Supply 5.5V at 2.
9. Specifications Modulation Technology IEEE802.11a 5GHz OFDM IEEE802.11b 2.4GHz CCK IEEE802.11g 2.4GHz OFDM Wireless transfer Data Rate with Automatic Fallback 802.11b: 1, 2, 5.5, 11Mbps 802.11g: 1, 2, 5.5, 11, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbps 802.11a: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54Mbps Supported WLAN Mode 11a mode Output Power (without antennas) 802.11a 802.
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10. Wireless Network Glossary 10 10. Wireless Network Glossary 9B The wireless network glossary contains explanation or information about common terms used in wireless networking products. Some of information in this glossary might be outdated, please use with caution. 802.11a An IEEE specification for wireless networking that operates in the 5 GHz frequency range (5.15 GHz to 5.850 GHz) with a maximum of 54 Mbps data transfer rate. The 5 GHz frequency band is not as crowded as the 2.4 GHz band.
10. Wireless Network Glossary 802.11b International standard for wireless networking that operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency band (2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz) and provides a throughput up to 11 Mbps. 802.1d STP Spanning Tree Protocol. It is an algorithm to prevent network from forming. The STP protocol allows net work to provide a redundant link in the event of a link failure. It is advise to turn on this option for multi-link bridge network. 802.11d Also known as “Global Roaming”. 802.
10. Wireless Network Glossary 802.11i The IEEE standard for wireless security. 802.11i standard includes TKIP, CCMP, and AES encryption to improve wireless security. It is also know as WPA2. 802.1Q Tag VLAN In 802.1Q VLAN, the VLAN information is written into the Ethernet packet itself. Each packet carries a VLAN ID(called Tag) as it traveled across the network. Therefore, the VLAN configuration can be configured across multiple switches. In 802.1Q spec, possible 4096 VLAN ID can be created.
10. Wireless Network Glossary ACK Timeout Acknowledgement Timeout Windows. When a packet is sent out from one wireless station to the other, it will waits for an Acknowledgement frame from the remote station. The station will only wait for a certain amount of time; this time is called the ACK timeout. If the ACK is NOT received within that timeout period then the packet will be re-transmitted resulting in reduced throughput.
10. Wireless Network Glossary Bridge A product that connects 2 different networks that uses the same protocol. Wireless bridges are commonly used to link network across remote buildings. For wireless application, there are 2 types of Bridges. WDS Bridge can be used in Point-to-Point or Point-to-Multipoint topology. Bridge Infrastructure works with AP mode to form a star topology. Cable and Connector Loss During wireless design and deployment, it is important to factor in the cable and connector loss.
10. Wireless Network Glossary DDNS Dynamic Domain Name System. An algorithm that allows the use of dynamic IP address for hosting Internet Server. A DDNS service provides each user account with a domain name. A router with DDNS capability has a built-in DDNS client that updates the IP address information to DDNS service provider whenever there is a change. Therefore, users can build website or other Internet servers even if they don't have fixed IP connection. DHCP Dynamic Hosting Configuration Protocol.
10. Wireless Network Glossary DoS Attack Denial of Service. A type of network attack that floods the network with useless traffic. Many DoS attacks, such as the Ping of Death and Teardrop attacks, exploit limitations in the TCP/IP protocols. Encryption Encoding data to prevent it from being read by unauthorized people. The common wireless encryption schemes are WEP, WPA, and WPA2. ESSID (SSID) The identification name of an 802.11 wireless network.
10. Wireless Network Glossary FTP File Transfer Protocol. A standard protocol for sending files between computers over a TCP/IP network and the Internet. Fragment Threshold Frame Size larger than this will be divided into smaller fragment. If there are interferences in your area, lower this value can improve the performance. If there are not, keep this parameter at higher value. The default size is 2346. You can try 1500, 1000, or 500 when there are interference around your network.
10. Wireless Network Glossary provide access for customers. IGMP Snooping Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a Layer 3 protocol to report IP multicast memberships to neighboring multicast switches and routers. IGMP snooping is a feature that allows an Ethernet switch to "listen in" on the IGMP conversation between hosts and routers.
10. Wireless Network Glossary The more secure Tunnel mode encrypts both the header and the payload. On the receiving side, an IPSec-compliant device decrypts each packet. LACP (802.3ad) Trunking The 802.3ad Link Aggregation standard defines how to combine the several Ethernet ports into one high-bandwidth port to increase the transmission speed. It is also known as port trunking. Both devices must set the trunking feature to work. MAC Media Access Control.
10. Wireless Network Glossary NAT Network Address Translation. A network algorithm used by Routers to enables several PCs to share single IP address provided by the ISP. The IP that a router gets from the ISP side is called Real IP, the IP assigned to PC under the NAT environment is called Private IP. Node A network connection end point, typically a computer. Packet A unit of data sent over a network.
10. Wireless Network Glossary Port This word has 2 different meaning for networking. The hardware connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging in a cable or an adapter. The virtual connection point through which a computer uses a specific application on a server. PPPoE Point-to- Point Protocol over Ethernet. PPPoE relies on two widely accepted standards: PPP and Ethernet.
10. Wireless Network Glossary RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service. An authentication and accounting system used by many Internet Service Providers (ISPs). When you dial in to the ISP, you must enter your username and password. This information is passed to a RADIUS server, which checks that the information is correct, and then authorizes access to the ISP system. Radius typically uses port 1812 and port 1813 for authentication and accounting port.
10. Wireless Network Glossary RSSI Receiver Sensitivity Index. RSSI is a value to show the Receiver Sensitivity of the remote wireless device. In general, remote APs with stronger signal will display higher RSSI values. For RSSI value, the smaller the absolute value is, the stronger the signal. For example, “-50db” has stronger signal than “-80dB”. For outdoor connection, signal stronger than -60dB is considered as a good connection. RTS Request To Send. A packet sent when a computer has data to transmit.
10. Wireless Network Glossary SSH Developed by SSH Communications Security Ltd., Secure Shell is a program to log into another computer over a network, to execute commands in a remote machine, and to move files from one machine to another. It provides strong authentication and secure communications over insecure channels. It is a replacement for rlogin, rsh, rcp, and rdist. SSL Secure Sockets Layer.
10. Wireless Network Glossary TCP A layer-4 protocol used along with the IP to send data between computers over the Internet. While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data, TCP takes care of keeping track of the packets that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet. TX Output Power Transmit Output Power. The TX output power means the transmission output power of the radio. Normally, the TX output power level limit for 2.4GHz 11g/b is 20dBm at the antenna end.
10. Wireless Network Glossary Virtual Private Network. A type of technology designed to increase the security of information transferred over the Internet. VPN creates a private encrypted tunnel from the end user's computer, through the local wireless network, through the Internet, all the way to the corporate network. Walled Garden On the Internet, a walled garden refers to a browsing environment that controls the information and Web sites the user is able to access.
10. Wireless Network Glossary amendment extends the original standard into spectrum between 2 and 11 Ghz. 802.16d increase data rates to between 40 and 70 Mbps/s and add support for MIMO antennas, QoS, and multiple polling technologies. 802.16e adds mobility features, narrower bandwidth (a max of 5 mhz), slower speed and smaller antennas. Mobility is allowed up to 40 mph. WDS Wireless Distribution System.
10. Wireless Network Glossary WPA2 Wi-Fi Protected Access 2. WPA2 is also known as 802.11i. It improves on the WPA security with CCMP and AES encryption. The WPA2 is backward compatible with WPA. WPA2-PSK utilizes pre-share key for encryption/authentication. AirLive A.
