Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary Glossary 1 P:\010Comp\Passport\308-3\gloss.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 2 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT %Systemroot% The folder where the Windows boot files are located. This is by default the C:\Windows or C:\WINNT folder. 1.44 MB The storage capacity of a typical 3.5-inch floppy disk. 10BaseT An Ethernet LAN designed to run on UTP cabling. 10BaseT runs at 10 megabits per second.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 34-pin ribbon cable 3 This type of cable is used by floppy disk drives. 386 Also called 80386. Intel’s third-generation processor. The 386 has a 32-bit external data bus and 32-bit address bus. It was Intel’s first true 32-bit processor. 3-D sound A generic term for making sounds emanate from all directions— i.e.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 4 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT 80-wire cable Also called a D type cable. Special type of cable used with some SCSI-3 devices that allows for devices to be hot-swapped. Alternatively, a ribbon cable used to connect ATA-66/100/133 hard drives to an ATA controller.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY address space can contain. 5 The total amount of memory addresses that an address bus administrative tools A group of Control Panel applets, including Computer Management, Event Viewer, and Performance.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 6 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT analog An analog device uses a physical quantity, such as length or voltage, to represent the value of a number. By contrast, digital storage relies on a coding system of numeric units. analog video Picture signals represented by a number of smooth transitions between video levels.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 7 APM (advanced power management) The BIOS routines that enable the CPU to turn on and off selected peripherals. archive To copy programs and data onto a relatively inexpensive storage medium (disk, tape, etc.) for long-term retention. archive attribute An attribute of a file that shows whether the file has been backed up since the last change.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 8 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT ATA (AT attachment) A type of hard drive and controller. ATA was designed to replace the earlier ST506 and ESDI drives without requiring replacement of the AT BIOS—hence, AT attachment. These drives are more popularly known as IDE drives.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 9 IIs, for example, had backside buses running at half the speed of the processor. See also frontside bus and EDB (external data bus). Backup or Restore Wizard A utility contained within Windows that allows a user to create system backups and set system restore points.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 10 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT computers for precision and economy. An electronic circuit that can detect the difference between two states (on–off, 0–1) is easier and more inexpensive to build than one that could detect the differences among ten states (0–9).
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 11 BOOT.INI A text file used during the boot process that provides a list of all OSs currently installed and available for NTLDR. Also tells where each OS is located on the system. bootable disk A disk that contains a functional operating system; can also be a floppy disk or CD-ROM. BOOTLOG.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 12 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT buffer Electronic storage, usually DRAM, that holds data moving between two devices. Buffers are used in situations where one device may send or receive data faster or slower than the other device with which it is in communication.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY caching card 13 The act of holding data in cache memory for faster access and use. Generic term for anything that you can snap into an expansion slot. card services The uppermost level of PCMCIA services. The card services level recognizes the function of a particular PC Card and provides the specialized drivers necessary to make the card work.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 14 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT CD-R (compact disc recordable) A type of CD technology that accepts a single “burn” but cannot be erased after that one burn. CD-ROM (compact disc/read-only memory) A read-only compact storage disk for audio or video data. Recordable devices, such as CD-Rs, are updated versions of the older CD-ROM players.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY client/server network ent machines. 15 A network that has dedicated server machines and cli- clock An electronic circuit that uses a quartz crystal to generate evenly spaced pulses at speeds of millions of cycles per second. These pulses are used to synchronize the flow of information through the computer’s internal communication channels.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 16 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT code A set of symbols representing characters (e.g., ASCII code) or instructions in a computer program (a programmer writes source code, which must be translated into executable or machine code for the computer to use).
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 17 compression The process of squeezing data to eliminate redundancies, allowing files to be stored or transmitted using less space. conditioning charger A battery charger that contains intelligent circuitry that prevents portable computer batteries from being overcharged and damaged.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 18 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT CPU fan The cooling unit that sits directly on and cools the CPU. CPUID Information stored in a CPU that gives very detailed information about every aspect of the CPU including vendor, speed, and model. Many programs access and display this information.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 19 daisy-chaining A method of connecting together several devices along a bus and managing the signals for each device. DAT (digital audio tape) Higher storage capacity tape recording system that uses digital recording methods. Used for digital audio and video as well as data backups.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 20 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT dedicated telephone line A telephone line on a circuit that is always open, or connected. Dedicated telephone lines usually are not assigned numbers. default A software function or operation which occurs automatically unless the user specifies something else.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 21 differential backup Similar to an incremental backup. Backs up the files that have been changed since the last backup. This type of backup does not change the state of the archive bit.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 22 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT disk striping Process by which data is spread among multiple (at least two) drives. It increases speed for both reads and writes of data. Considered RAID level 0, because it does not provide fault tolerance.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 23 and a common security policy. On the Internet, a domain is a group of computers that share a common element in their hierarchical name. Other types of domains exist—e.g., collision domain.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 24 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT DPI (dots per inch) A measure of printer resolution that counts the dots the device can produce per linear (horizontal) inch. DRAM (dynamic random access memory or dynamic RAM) The memory used to store data in most personal computers. DRAM stores each bit in a “cell” composed of a transistor and a capacitor.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 25 DVD (digital versatile disc) An optical media format that provides for 4–17 GB of video or data storage. DVD Multi A description given to DVD drives that are capable of reading all six DVD formats. DVD+RW A type of rewritable DVD media. DVD-RAM A type of rewritable DVD media that uses a cartridge.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 26 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) A type of ROM chip that can be erased and reprogrammed electrically. EEPROMs were the most common storage device for BIOS before the advent of Flash ROM. EFS (encrypting file system) EIA/TIA The encryption tool found in NTFS 5. See TIA/EIA.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 27 agreement outlines the terms of use for software and also lists any actions on the part of the user that violate the agreement. Event Viewer A utility made available as an MMC snap-in that allows a user to monitor various system events, including network bandwidth usage and CPU utilization.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 28 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT the address of the second cluster used to store that file. In the entry for the second cluster for that file is the address for the third cluster, and so on until the final cluster, which gets a special “end of file” code. This table is the only way DOS knows where to access files.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 29 filename A name assigned to a file when the file is first written on a disk. Every file on a disk within the same folder must have a unique name. Filenames can contain any character (including spaces), except the following: \ / : * ? “ < > | firewall A device that restricts traffic between a local network and the Internet.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 30 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT form factor A standard for the physical organization of motherboard components and motherboard size. The most common form factors are ATX, BTX, and NLX.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY full-duplex neously. 31 Describes any device that can send and receive data simulta- function key A keyboard key that gives an instruction to a computer, as opposed to keys that produce letters, numbers, marks of punctuation, etc.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 32 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT handshaking A procedure performed by modems, terminals, and computers to verify that communication has been correctly established. hang When a computer freezes so that it does not respond to keyboard commands, it is said to “hang” or to have “hung.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 33 hex (hexadecimal) A base-16 numbering system using 10 digits (0 through 9) and six letters (A through F). Used in the computer world as a shorthand way to write binary numbers, by substituting one hex digit for a four-digit binary number (e.g., hex 9 = binary 1001).
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 34 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT HRR (horizontal refresh rate) The amount of time it takes for a CRT to draw one horizontal line of pixels on a display. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) An ASCII-based, script-like language for creating hypertext documents like those on the World Wide Web.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 35 ICS (Internet Connection Sharing) A method for allowing a single network connection to be shared among several machines. ICS was first introduced with Windows 98. IDE (intelligent drive electronics) Also known as integrated drive electronics.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 36 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT incremental backup A type of backup that backs up all files that have their archive bits turned on, meaning that they have been changed since the last backup. This type of backup turns the archive bits off after the files have been backed up. INF file A Windows driver file.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 37 numbers that are translated into their shorthand numeric values. The IP address can be broken down into a network ID and a host ID. IPCONFIG A command-line utility for Windows NT servers and workstations that displays the current TCP/IP configuration of the machine, similar to WINIPCFG and IFCONFIG.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 38 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT jack (physical connection) The part of a connector into which a plug is inserted. Jacks are also referred to as ports. Joliet An extension of the ISO 9660 format. The most popular CD format to support PC file systems on CD media.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY laser printer light source. 39 An electro-photographic printer in which a laser is used as the Last Known Good Configuration An option on the Advanced Startup Options menu that allows your system to revert to a previous configuration in order to troubleshoot and repair any major system problems.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 40 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT level 3 (L3) cache The third RAM cache accessed by the CPU, which is much larger and slower than the L1 and L2 cache; accessed only if the requested program/data is not in the L2 cache. Seen only on high-end CPUs. Li-Ion (lithium ion) A type of battery commonly used in portable PCs.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 41 LUNs (logical unit numbers) A specialized SCSI configuration that allows for multiple devices to share a single SCSI ID. This type of arrangement is found most commonly in high-end servers that have large hard disk arrays. LVD (low voltage differential) A type of differential SCSI.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 42 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT 20 mega- A prefix that usually stands for the binary quantity 1,048,576 (2 ). One megabyte is 1,048,576 bytes. One megahertz, however, is a million hertz. Sometimes shortened to meg, as in “a 286 has an address space of 16 megs.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 43 a set of instructions rather than a copy of the sound, it is easy to modify each component of the file. Additionally, it is possible to program many channels, or “voices,” of music to be played simultaneously, creating symphonic sound.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 44 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT processing. Introduced with the Pentium CPU, these instructions are now used on all ×86 CPUs. mobile CPU A CPU designed for use in portable computers that uses much less power than a normal, desktop CPU.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) leased by Microsoft. 45 The first operating system re- multiboot A type of OS installation in which multiple operating systems are installed on a single machine. Can also refer to kicking a device several times in frustration. multimeter tance.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 46 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface) A protocol supplied with all Microsoft networking products that operates at the Transport layer. Also a protocol suite that includes NetBIOS. NetBEUI does not support routing.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 47 node A member of a network or a point where one or more functional units interconnect transmission lines. noise Undesirable signals bearing no desired information and frequently capable of introducing errors into the communication process. non-system disk or disk error An error that occurs during the boot process.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 48 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT NTFS permissions A set of restrictions that determine the amount of access given to a particular user on a system using NTFS. NTLDR A Windows NT/2000/XP boot file. Launched by the MBR or MFT, NTLDR looks at the BOOT.INI configuration file for any installed operating systems.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 49 Layer 3 The Network layer moves packets between computers on different networks. Routers operate at the Network layer. IP and IPX operate at the Network layer. Layer 4 The Transport layer breaks data down into manageable chunks. TCP, UDP, SPX, and NetBEUI operate at the Transport layer.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 50 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT partition A section of the storage area of a hard disk. A partition is created during initial preparation of the hard disk, before the disk is formatted. partition table A table located in the boot sector of a hard drive that lists every partition on the disk that contains a valid operating system.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 51 PCL A printer control language created by Hewlett-Packard and used on a broad cross-section of printers.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 52 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT physical address Defines a specific machine without any reference to its location or network. A MAC address is an example of a physical address. pin 1 A designator used to ensure proper alignment of floppy disk drive and hard drive connectors.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 53 SLIP, PPP, or shell account you almost always get a POP account with it; and it is this POP account that you tell your e-mail software to use to get your mail. port (input/output) A predefined combination of I/O address and IRQ assigned to a physical serial or parallel port.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 54 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT power conditioning The process of ensuring and adjusting incoming AC wall power to as close to standard as possible. Most UPS devices provide power conditioning. power supply A device that provides the electrical power for a PC.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 55 promiscuous mode A mode of operation for a network interface card where the NIC processes all packets that it sees on the cable. prompt A character or message provided by an operating system or program to indicate that it is ready to accept input. proprietary Technology unique to a particular vendor.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 56 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT Quick Launch menu A toolbar that enables you to launch commonly-used programs with a single click. QVGA Video display mode of 320 × 240. RAID (redundant array of inexpensive devices) A way of creating a faulttolerant storage system. There are six levels.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 57 Recovery Console A command-line interface boot mode for Windows that is used to repair a Windows 2000 or Windows XP system that is suffering from massive OS corruption or other problems. Recycle Bin When files are “deleted” from a modern Windows system, they are moved to the Recycle Bin.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 58 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT restore point A system snapshot created by the System Restore utility that is used to restore a malfunctioning system. See also system restore. RG-58 Coaxial cabling used for 10Base2 networks. RIMM (not an abbreviation) An individual stick of Rambus RAM.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 59 Run dialog box A command box designed to enable users to enter the name of a particular program to run; an alternative to locating the icon in Windows. S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) toring system built into hard drives.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 60 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT SCSI-2 Another SCSI standard that was the first SCSI standard to address all aspects of SCSI in detail. SCSI-2 defined a common command set that allowed all SCSI devices to communicate with one another. SCSI-3 The latest SCSI standard that offers transfer rates up to 320 MBps.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 61 services Background programs running in Windows that provide a myriad of different functions such as printer spooling and wireless networking. SETUPLOG.TXT A log file that tracks the complete installation process, logging the success or failure of file copying, Registry updates, and reboots.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 62 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT SmartMedia A format for flash media cards; no longer used with new devices. SMM (System Management Mode) A special CPU mode that enables the CPU to reduce power consumption via the selective shutdown of peripherals. SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) electronic mail on the Internet. snap-ins Console.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 63 Sounds and Audio Devices A Control Panel applet used to configure audio hardware and software in Windows XP. Southbridge The Southbridge is part of a motherboard chipset. It handles all the inputs and outputs to the many devices in the PC. spanned volume A volume that uses space on multiple dynamic disks.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 64 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT stick The generic name for a single physical SIMM, RIMM, or DIMM. STP (shielded twisted pair) A popular cabling for networks composed of pairs of wires twisted around each other at specific intervals. The twists serve to reduce interference (also called crosstalk). The more twists, the less interference.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 65 synchronous Describes a connection between two electronic devices where neither must acknowledge (“ACK”) when receiving data. system attribute A file attribute used to designate important system files, like CONFIG.SYS or WIN.INI. system BIOS The primary set of BIOS stored on an EPROM or Flash chip on the motherboard.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 66 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT system unit The main component of the PC in which the CPU, RAM, CD-ROM, and hard drive reside. All other devices like the keyboard, mouse, and monitor connect to the system unit.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 67 terminator A resistor that is plugged into the end of a bus cable to absorb the excess electrical signal, preventing it from bouncing back when it reaches the end of the wire. Terminators are used with coaxial cable and on the ends of SCSI chains. RG-58 coaxial cable requires resistors with a 50-ohm impedance.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 68 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT transfer corona A thin wire, usually protected by other thin wires, that applies a positive charge to the paper during the laser printing process, drawing the negatively charged toner particles off of the drum and onto the paper. triad A group of three phosphors—red, green, blue—in a CRT.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 69 upgrade installation An installation of Windows on top of an earlier installed version, thus inheriting all previous hardware and software settings. UPS (uninterruptible power supply) A device that supplies continuous clean power to a computer system the whole time the computer is on. Protects against power outages and sags.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 70 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT many other networking technologies. UTP is available in a variety of grades, called categories, as follows: Category 1 UTP Regular analog phone lines—not used for data communications. Category 2 UTP Supports speeds up to 4 megabits per second. Category 3 UTP Supports speeds up to 16 megabits per second.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 71 virtual memory A section of a system’s hard drive that is set aside to be used when physical memory is unavailable or completely in use.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 72 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT VRR (vertical refresh rate) A measurement of the amount of time it takes for a CRT to draw a complete screen. This value is measured in hertz, or cycles per second. Most modern CRTs have a VRR of 60 Hz or better. VxD (virtual device driver) A special type of driver file used to support older Windows programs.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary GLOSSARY 73 Windows NT The precursor to Windows 2000, XP, and Vista, which introduced many important features (such as HAL and NTFS) used in all later versions of Windows. Windows Vista The latest version of Windows; comes in many different versions for home and office use, but does not have a Server version.
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Passport / Mike Composite Default screen 74 Meyers‘ A+ Certification Passport / Meyers / 226308-3 / Glossary MIKE MEYERS’ A+ CERTIFICATION PASSPORT XGA (Extended Graphics Array) Video display mode of 1024 × 768. XMS (extended memory services) The RAM above 1 MB that is installed directly on the motherboard, and is directly accessible to the microprocessor. Usually shortened to simply “extended memory.
