User manual
The first stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle starts the Apollo spacecraft, with
three astronauts aboard, on the journey to the moon. The second and third stages
place the spacecraft in earth orbit and on the trajectory to the moon.
The Apollo Program is directed by NASA’s office of Manned Space Flight. The
Marshall Center is providing the Saturn launch vehicles. The Manned Spacecraft
Center at Houston is providing the three separate modules of the spacecraft,
selecting and training the astronauts, and will operate the Mission Control Center.
The Kennedy Space Center in Florida will launch the astronauts on their epic flight.
When fully operational, the Saturn V will be able to launch into orbit more than
a quarter of a million pounds. The total orbiting tonnage in the lunar mission will
be about 280,000 pounds. This includes the weight of the third stag and instru-
ment unit section. The fully fueled and loaded Apollo Spacecraft, in its lunar
mission configuration, will weigh about 95,000 pounds.
The Saturn V, with its Apollo payload, is 365 feet tall. Physical and performance
characteristics of the stages, in a mission such as the lunar trip, are as follows:
First Stage
The first stage burns over 15 tons of propellants per second during its two and
one-half minutes of operation to take the vehicle to a height of about 36 miles
and to a speed of about 6,000 miles-per-hour. The stage is 138 feet long and
33 feet in diameter.
Second Stage
The second stages burns over one ton of propellants per second during about six
and one-half minutes of operation to take the vehicle to an altitude of about 108
miles and a speed of near orbital velocity, which in this case is about 17,400
miles-per-hour. It is 33 feet in diameter and 81½ feet long.
Third Stage
The third stage has two important operations during the Project Apollo lunar
mission. After the second stage drops away, the third ignites and burns for about
two minutes to place itself and the spacecraft into the desired earth orbit. At the
proper time during this earth parking orbit, the third stage is re-ignited to speed
the Apollo spacecraft to escape velocity of 24,900 miles per hour. In this second
sequence, the stage burns for about six minutes. The stage is 58 feet long and
21.7 feet in diameter.
Instrument Unit
The instrument unit, located atop the third stage, between the stage and the
payload, contains guidance and control equipment for the launch vehicle. It is 3
feet long and 21.7 feet in diameter.
Apollo Spacecraft
Command Module: 13 feet in diameter; weight, 11,000 pounds.
Service Module: 13 feet in diameter, 22 feet high; weight, 52,000 pounds; 22,000-
pound thrust engine.
Lunar Module: Two stage; total weight, 32,000 pounds. Descent engine’s thrust can
be varied from 1,050 to 10,500 pounds.
America’s Moon Rocket
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