Specifications

Error modeling and flowgraphs are techniques used
to analyze the errors in a system. Error models de
-
scribe the errors, while flowgraphs show how these
errors influence the system. Error models
(Figure 7-5, below) can become quite complex.
The MS462XX offers a selection of calibration possi-
bilities depending on the user’s needs. These possi-
bilities are as follows:
q Frequency Response
q Reflection Only—1 Port
q 1 Path, 2 Port
q
12 Term—2 Port, Both Directions
These calibration types are described below.
Frequency Response: Corrects for one or both of the
transmission error terms associated with measure
-
ments of S
21
,S
12
or both.
Reflection Only: Corrects for the three error terms
associated with an S11 measurement (EDF, ESF,
and ETF), an S22 measurement (EDR, ESR, and
ETR), or both.
1 Path, 2 Port: Corrects for the four for
-
ward-direction error terms (EDF, ESF, ERF, and
ETF), or the four reverse-direction error terms
(EDR, ESR, ERR, and ETR).
Full 12 Term: Corrects for all twelve error terms as
-
sociated with a two-port measurement. A 12-Term
error model is shown in Figure 7-6.
MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT CALIBRATION
CALIBRATION DISCUSSION
MS462XX OM 7-7
REFLECTION MEASUREMENT ERRORS
l
Source Match
l
Directivity
l
Tracking
CALIBRATION TYPES
l Frequency Response
l Reflection Only—1 Port
l 1 Path, 2 Port
l 12 Term—2 Port, Both Directions
DIRECTIVITY, SOURCE MATCH,
AND TRACKING ERRORS
DISTORTED MEASUREMENT
S
11M
E
D
S
11A
E
S
Figure 7-5. Example of Error Modeling
E
T