Site Master S113C, S114C, S331C, and S332C Antenna, Cable and Spectrum Analyzer User's Guide Hand-Held Tester for Transmission Lines and other RF Components Color Front Cover only P/N: 00986-00044
WARRANTY The Anritsu product(s) listed on the title page is (are) warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for one year from the date of shipment. Anritsu's obligation covers repairing or replacing products which prove to be defective during the warranty period. Buyers shall prepay transportation charges for equipment returned to Anritsu for warranty repairs. Obligation is limited to the original purchaser. Anritsu is not liable for consequential damages.
Table of Contents Chapter 1 - General Information Introduction . . . . . . . . Description . . . . . . . . . Standard Accessories . . . Options . . . . . . . . . . . Printers . . . . . . . . . . . Optional Accessories. . . . Performance Specifications Preventive Maintenance . . Calibration . . . . . . . . . InstaCal Module . . . . . . Annual Verification . . . . ESD Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self Test Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Range Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . InstaCal Error Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . Battery Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charging a New Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charging the Battery in the Site Master . . . . Charging the Battery in the Optional Charger. Determining Remaining Battery Life. . . . . . . Battery Life . . . . .
Adjusting Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 Adjusting the Display Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 Setting the System Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15 Setting the System Impedance Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . Printing a Screen . . . . . Printer Switch Settings . . Using the Soft Carrying Case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Out-of-Band Spurious Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23 Out-of-Band Spurious Emission Measurement Required Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . In-band/Out-of-Channel Measurements . . . . In-band Spurious Measurement . . . . . . . Required Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Field Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Required Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . Procedure . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 1 General Information Introduction This chapter provides a description, performance specifications, optional accessories, preventive maintenance, and calibration requirements for the Site Master models S113C, S114C, S331C, and S332C. Throughout this manual, the term Site Master will refer to the models S113C, S114C, S331C, and S332C.
Chapter 1 General Information The following items are supplied with the basic hardware. · Soft Carrying Case · AC-DC Adapter · Automotive Cigarette Lighter 12 Volt DC Adapter, · CDROM disk containing the Software Tools program.
Chapter 1 General Information Optional Accessories Part Number Description 10580-00061 S113C, S114C, S331C, S332C Programming Manual (on disk only) 10580-00062 S113C/S331C Maintenance Manual 10580-00068 S114C/S332C Maintenance Manual 760-215A Transit Case for Site Master 633-27 Rechargeable Battery, NiMH 2000-1029 Battery Charger with universal power supply, NiMH only 48258 Soft Carrying Case 40-115 AC Adaptor Power Supply 806-62 Cable Assy, Cig Plug, Female 800-441 Serial Interface C
Chapter 1 General Information Performance Specifications Performance specifications are provided in Table 1-1, on the following page. Table 1-1. Performance Specifications (1 of 2) Specifications are valid when the unit is calibrated at ambient temperature after a five minute warmup. Typical values are provided for reference only and are not guaranteed.
Chapter 1 Table 1-2. General Information Performance Specifications (2 of 2) Transmission Line Loss (one-port) Range Resolution Spectrum Analyzer: Frequency Range S114C S332C Frequency Reference Aging Accuracy Frequency Span S114C S332C Sweep Time 0.00 to 20.00 dB 0.01 dB 100 kHz to 1.6 GHz 100 kHz to 3.0 GHz ±1 ppm/yr ±2 ppm 0 Hz (zero span) 100 kHz to 1.6 GHz 0 Hz (zero span) 100 kHz to 3.
Chapter 1 General Information Preventive Maintenance Site Master preventive maintenance consists of cleaning the unit and inspecting and cleaning the RF connectors on the instrument and all accessories. Clean the Site Master with a soft, lint-free cloth dampened with water or water and a mild cleaning solution. CAUTION: To avoid damaging the display or case, do not use solvents or abrasive cleaners. Clean the RF connectors and center pins with a cotton swab dampened with denatured alcohol.
Chapter 1 General Information InstaCal Module The Anritsu InstaCal module can be used in place of discrete components to calibrate the Site Master. The InstaCal module can be used to perform an Open, Short and Load (OSL) calibration procedure. Calibration of the Site Master with the InstaCal takes approximately 45 seconds (see Calibration, page 3-2). Unlike a discrete calibration component, the InstaCal module can not be used at the top of the tower to conduct load or insertion loss measurements.
Chapter 1 General Information Table 1-2. Anritsu Service Centers UNITED STATES GERMANY SOUTH AFRICA ANRITSU COMPANY 685 Jarvis Drive Morgan Hill, CA 95037-2809 Telephone: (408) 776-8300 FAX: 408-776-1744 ANRITSU GmbH Grafenberger Allee 54-56 D-40237 Dusseldorf Germany Telephone: 0211-968550 FAX: 0211-9685555 ETESCSA 12 Surrey Square Office Park 330 Surrey Avenue Ferndale, Randburt, 2194 South Africa Telephone: 011-27-11-787-7200 Fax: 011-27-11-787-0446 ANRITSU COMPANY 10 NewMaple Ave.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations Introduction This chapter provides a brief overview of the Site Master functions and operations, providing the user with a starting point for making basic measurements. For more detailed information, refer to Chapter 4, Cable & Antenna Measurements, Chapter 5, Spectrum Analyzer Measurements, and Chapter 7, Software Tools. The Site Master is designed specifically for field environments and applications requiring mobility.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations SERIAL INTERFACE EXTERNAL POWER LED EXTERNAL POWER RF DETECTOR BATTERY CHARGING LED RF IN RF OUT Figure 2-1. Test Connector Panel Front Panel Overview The Site Master menu-driven user interface is easy to use and requires little training. Hard keys on the front panel are used to initiate function-specific menus. There are four function hard keys located below the display, Mode, Frequency/Distance, Amplitude and Sweep.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations Function Hard Keys MODE Opens the mode selection box (below). Use the Up/Down arrow key to select a mode. Press the ENTER key to implement. MEASUREMENT MODE FREQ - SWR RETURN LOSS CABLE LOSS - ONE PORT DTF - SWR RETURN LOSS POWER MONITOR SPECTRUM ANALYZER Figure 2-3. Mode Selection Box FREQ/DIST Displays the Frequency or Distance to Fault softkey menus depending on the measurement mode.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations Keypad Hard Keys This section contains an alphabetical listing of the Site Master front panel keypad controls along with a brief description of each. More detailed descriptions of the major function keys follow. The following keypad hard key functions are printed in black on the keypad keys. 0-9 These keys are used to enter numerical data as required to setup or perform measurements.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations The following keypad hard key functions are printed in blue on the keypad keys. Turns the liquid crystal display (LCD) back-lighting ON or OFF. (Leaving back lighting off conserves battery power.) LCD Contrast adjust. Use the Up/Down arrow key and ENTER to adjust the display contrast. AUTO SCALE Automatically scales the display for optimum resolution. LIMIT Displays the limit line menu for the current operating mode.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations Soft Keys Each keypad key opens a set of soft key selections. Each of the soft keys has a corresponding soft key label area on the display. The label identifies the function of the soft key for the current Mode selection. Figures 2-4 through 2-8 show the soft key labels for each Mode selection.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations MODE=DTF: FREQ/DIST AMPLITUDE SWEEP SOFTKEYS: D1 TOP RESOLUTION D2 BOTTOM SINGLE SWEEP TRACE MATH DTF AID TRACE OVERLAY 130 259 517 MORE ON/OFF LOSS SELECT TRACE PROP VEL CABLE WINDOW TOP OF LIST PAGE UP BACK PAGE DOWN BACK BOTTOM OF LIST DELETE TRACE DELETE ALL TRACE Figure 2-5.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations MODE=SPECTRUM ANALYZER: SOFTKEYS: FREQ/DIST AMPLITUDE CENTER REF LEVEL SPAN SCALE START ATTEN STOP UNITS EDIT FULL GHz ZERO GHz REF LEVEL OFFSET AUTO dBm MANUAL EDIT MHz kHz Hz SPAN UP 1-2-5 MHz dBV SPAN DOWN 1-2-5 kHz dBmV Hz dBuV BACK BACK BACK Figure 2-6.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations MODE=SPECTRUM ANALYZER: SOFTKEYS: AUTO SWEEP ON/OFF RBW SELECT ANTENNA METHOD VBW % POSITIVE PEAK MAX HOLD dBc AVERAGE CONT/ SINGLE MANUAL NEGATIVE PEAK MEASURE BACK MEASURE EDIT TRACE BACK BACK FIELD STRNGTH BACK RESET A OBW A®B DETECTION A-B ® A AVERAGE (1-25) A+B ® A CHANNEL POWER TRACE B ACP BACK CENTER FREQ CENTER FREQ INT BW MAIN CHANNEL BW CHANNEL SPAN ADJ CHANNEL BW CHANNEL SPACING MEASURE MEASURE BACK BACK Figure 2-7.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations FREQ/DIST Displays the frequency and distance menu depending on the measurement mode. Frequency Menu Provides for setting sweep frequency end points when FREQ mode is selected. Selected frequency values may be changed using the keypad or Up/Down arrow key. q F1 — Opens the F1 parameter for data entry. This is the start value for the frequency sweep. Press ENTER when data entry is complete. q F2 — Opens the F2 parameter for data entry.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations Choosing FREQ/DIST in Spectrum Analyzer mode causes the soft keys, below, to be displayed and the corresponding values to be shown in the message area. ¾ Sets the center frequency of the Spectrum Analyzer display . Enter a value using the Up/Down arrow key or keypad, press ENTER to accept, ESCAPE to restore previous value. q CENTER ¾ Sets the user-defined frequency span. Use the Up/Down arrow key or keypad to enter a value in MHz. Also brings up FULL and ZERO softkeys.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations AMPLITUDE Displays the amplitude or scale menu depending on the measurement mode. Amplitude Menu Provides for changing the display scale. Selected values may be changed using the Up/Down arrow key or keypad. Choosing AMPLITUDE in FREQ or DTF measurement modes causes the soft keys, below, to be displayed and the corresponding values to be shown in the message area. q TOP — Opens the top parameter for data entry and provides for setting the top scale value.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations SWEEP Displays the Sweep function soft key menu for the current operating mode. Sweep Menu Provides for changing the display resolution, single or continuous sweep, and access to the Trace Math functions. Choosing SWEEP in FREQ or DTF measurement modes causes the soft keys below to be displayed. q RESOLUTION — Opens the display to change the resolution. Choose 130, 259, or 517 data points. (In DTF mode, resolution can be adjusted through the DTF-AID table.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations q AVERAGE (1-25) — The display will be an average of the number of sweeps specified here. For example, if the number four is entered here, the data displayed will be an average of the four most recent sweeps. q CHANNEL POWER — Activates Channel Power measurement. Channel power is measured in dBm. Channel Power density is measured in dBm/Hz. The displayed units is determined by the setting of the UNITS soft key in the AMPLITUDE menu.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations MARKER Choosing MARKER causes the soft keys, below, to be displayed and the corresponding values to be shown in the message area. Selected frequency marker or distance marker values may be changed using the keypad or Up/Down arrow key. q M1 — Selects the M1 marker parameter and opens the M1 marker second level menu. q ON/OFF q EDIT — Turns the selected marker on or off. — Opens the selected marker parameter for data entry.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations q ON/OFF q EDIT — Turns the selected marker on or off. — Opens the selected marker parameter for data entry. Press ENTER when data entry is complete or ESCAPE to restore the previous value. q PEAK BETWEEN M3 & M4 — Places the selected marker at the peak between marker M3 and marker M4. q VALLEY BETWEEN M3 & M4 — Places the selected marker at the valley between marker M3 and marker M4. q BACK LIMIT — Returns to the Main Markers Menu.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations SEGMENT 1 SEGMENT 2 SEGMENT 3 SEGMENT 4 SEGMENT 5 BACK q LIMIT BEEP SYS — Turns the audible limit beep indicator on or off. Displays the System menu softkey selections. q OPTIONS q UNITS — Displays a second level of functions: — Select the unit of measurement (English or metric). q PRINTER — Displays a menu of supported printers. Use the Up/Down arrow key and ENTER key to make the selection. q FIXED CW — Toggles the fixed CW function ON or OFF.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations Power Monitor Menu Selecting POWER MONITOR from the Mode menu causes the soft keys, described below, to be displayed and the corresponding values shown in the message area. q UNITS — Toggles between dBm and Watts. q REL — Turns relative mode OFF, if currently ON. If relative mode is currently OFF, turns it ON and causes the power level to be measured and saved as the base level. Subsequent measurements are then displayed relative to this saved value.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations Symbols Table 2-1 provides a listing of the symbols used as condition indicators on the LCD display. Table 2-1. LCD Icon Symbols Icon HOLD ò dx T Symbol Site Master is in Hold for power conservation. To resume sweeping, press the RUN/HOLD key. After 10 minutes without a key press, the Site Master will automatically activate the power conservation mode. Integrator Failure. Intermittent integrator failure may be caused by interference from another antenna.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations Table 2-2. Self Test Error Messages Error Message Description BATTERY LOW Battery voltage is less than 10 volts. Charge battery. If condition persists, call your Anritsu Service Center. EXTERNAL POWER LOW External supply voltage is less than 10 volts. Call your Anritsu Service Center PLL FAILED Phase-locked loops failed to lock. Charge battery.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations Range Errors A listing of Range Error messages is given in Table 2-3. Table 2-3. Range Error Messages (1 of 2) Description Error Message RANGE ERROR:F1 > F2 The start (F1) frequency is greater than the stop (F2) frequency. RANGE ERROR:D1 > D2 The start (D1) distance is greater than the stop (D2) distance. RANGE ERROR:D2 > DMax=xx.x ft (m) The stop distance (D2) exceeds the maximum unaliased range.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations Table 2-3. Range Error Messages (2 of 2) Description Error Message CANNOT ZERO NO DETECTOR INSTALLED Attempting to perform a Power Monitor zero adjust function with no RF detector connected to the Site Master. CANNOT ZERO INPUT SIGNAL TOO HIGH Attempting to perform a Power Monitor zero adjust function with an input of greater than –20 dBm. POWER MONITOR OPTION NOT INSTALLED Attempting to enter Power Monitor mode with no Option 5 installed.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations A listing of InstaCal error messages is given in Table 2-4. Table 2-4. InstaCal Error Messages Error Message Description FAILED TO READ SERIAL NUMBER OF INSTACAL MODULE The Site Master was unable to read the InstaCal module serial number. FAILED TO SUCCESSFULLY TRANSFER INSTACAL MODULE DATA TO SITE MASTER The Site Master was unable to transfer all necessary data between the InstaCal module and the Site Master.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations Battery Information Charging a New Battery The NiMH battery supplied with the Site Master has already completed three charge and discharge cycles at the factory and full battery performance should be realized after your first charge. NOTE: The battery will not charge if the battery temperature is above 45° C or below 0° C. Charging the Battery in the Site Master The battery can be charged while installed in the Site Master. Step 1. Turn the Site Master off. Step 2.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations A yellow light may occur because the battery became too warm during the charge cycle. The charger will allow the battery to cool off before continuing the charge. A yellow light may also indicate that the charger is alternating charge to each of the two batteries. A blinking red light indicates less than 13 VDC is being supplied to the charger stand. Check that the correct AC charger adapter is connected to the charger stand.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations During operation, the battery condition can be viewed by pressing the SYS key and selecting the SELF TEST soft key. The battery condition will be displayed as a percentage of charge remaining. SELF TEST VOLTAGE . . . . . . . . . BATTERY 11.1V TEMPERATURE . . . . 24°C BATTERY CAL . . . . . . PASSED MEMORY . . . . . . . . . . PASSED LO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .PASSED BATTERY CHARGE = 84% PRESS ENTER TO CONTINUE Figure 2-10.
Chapter 2 Functions and Operations Important Battery Information · With a new NiMH battery, full performance is achieved after three to five complete charge and discharge cycles. The NiMH battery supplied with the Site Master has already completed three charge and discharge cycles at the factory. · Recharge the battery only in the Site Master or in an Anritsu approved charger. · When the Site Master or the charger is not in use, disconnect it from the power source.
Chapter 3 Getting Started Introduction This chapter provides a brief overview of the Anritsu Site Master. The intent of this chapter is to provide the user with a starting point for making basic Return Loss and Spectrum Analyzer measurements. Procedures that are specific to Site Master mode (page 3-2), Spectrum Analyzer mode (page 3-9), and common to both modes (page 3-12) are presented. Power On Procedure The Anritsu Site Master is capable of up to 2.
Chapter 3 Getting Started Site Master Mode Selecting the Frequency or Distance Regardless of the calibration method used, the frequency range for the desired measurements must be set before calibrating the Site Master. The following procedure selects the frequency range for the calibration. Step 1. Press the FREQ/DIST key. Step 2. Press the F1 soft key. Step 3. Enter the desired start frequency using the key pad or the Up/Down arrow key. Step 4. Press ENTER to set F1 to the desired frequency. Step 5.
Chapter 3 Getting Started Calibration Verification During the calibration process in Return Loss mode, either with discrete calibration components or with the InstaCal module, there are typical measurement levels expected. Verifying the measurement levels displayed on the screen during calibration can save valuable time in the field.
Chapter 3 Getting Started Manual Calibration Procedure If the “CAL OFF” message is displayed, or the test port cable has been changed, a new calibration is required. The following procedure details how to perform the calibration. OPEN SHORT CALIBRATION LOAD TEST PORT CABLE (OPTIONAL) RFOUT/REFLECTION TEST PORT Site Master S332C 1 2 START CAL AUTO SCALE SAVE SETUP RECALL SETUP 3 5 LIMIT 7 SAVE DISPLAY 9 ON OFF MODE Figure 3-2.
Chapter 3 Getting Started InstaCal Module Verification Verifying the InstaCal module before any line sweeping measurements is critical to the measured data. InstaCal module verification identifies any failures in the module due to circuitry damage or failure of the control circuitry. This test does not attempt to characterize the InstaCal module, which is performed at the factory or the service center. The performance of the InstaCal module can be verified by the Termination method or the Offset method.
Chapter 3 Getting Started InstaCal Module Calibration Procedure The InstaCal module automatically calibrates the Site Master using the OSL method. NOTE: The InstaCal module is not a discrete calibration component and it can not be used at the top of the tower to perform line sweep measurements. Check that the “CAL OFF” message is displayed in the upper left corner of the display. This indicates that the Site Master has not been calibrated.
Chapter 3 Getting Started Setting the Scale Auto Scale The Site Master can automatically set the scales to the minimum and maximum values of the measurement on the y-axis of the display. This function is particularly useful for measurements in SWR mode. To automatically set the scales: Step 1. Press the AUTO SCALE key. The Site Master will automatically set the top and bottom scales to the minimum and maximum values of the measurement on the y-axis of the display.
Chapter 3 Getting Started Step 6. Using the Up/Down arrow key, select CABLE TYPE. Standard cable types are stored in the Site Master cable list. This standard list may not be edited. A custom cable list can also be created. Step 7. Using the Up/Down arrow key, select the appropriate list and select the type of cable. The selected cable type, PROP VEL and CABLE LOSS in dB/ft (or dB/m) will be displayed. Step 8. Press ENTER.
Chapter 3 Getting Started Spectrum Analyzer Mode Selecting Spectrum Analyzer Mode Step 1. Press the ON/OFF key. Step 2. Press the MODE key and use the Up/Down arrow key to select Spectrum Analyzer mode. Press ENTER to set the mode. Making a Measurement Step 1. Connect the input cable to the RF In test port. Step 2. Locate and display the signal(s) of interest by selecting the desired frequency, span, and amplitude value. Selecting the Frequency Step 1.
Chapter 3 Getting Started Step 3. Press the REF LEVEL soft key and use the up/down arrow key or directly enter the desired reference level from the keypad. Press ENTER to set the amplitude level. Step 4. Press the SCALE soft key and use the up/down arrow key or directly enter the desired scale from the keypad. Press ENTER to set the scale.
Chapter 3 Getting Started To set the detection method, press the DETECTION soft key and select either POSITIVE PEAK, AVERAGE, or NEGATIVE PEAK detection. Sweep Average In order to reduce the effects of noise, it may be desirable to average the results of several sweeps and display that average rather than the results of individual sweeps. To set the number of sweeps to average, press the AVERAGE (1-25) soft key and use the up/down arrow key or directly enter the desired number of sweeps from the keypad.
Chapter 3 Getting Started Site Master and Spectrum Analyzer Modes Save and Recall a Setup Saving a Setup Saving a setup configuration in memory will preserve the calibration information. Step 1. To save the configuration in one of the 10 available user setup locations, press SAVE SETUP . Step 2. Use the key pad or the Up/Down arrow key to select a location (1 - 10). Step 3. Press ENTER to save the setup. NOTE: A manual calibration setup will be saved with an OSL designator.
Chapter 3 Getting Started Step 3. Press ENTER to recall the display. Changing the Units By default, the Site Master displays information in metric units. Use the following procedure to change the display to English units. Step 1. Press the SYS key. Step 2. Select the OPTIONS soft key. Step 3. Press UNITS to change from metric to English measurement units, or vice versa. The current selection is displayed at the bottom left corner of the screen.
Chapter 3 Getting Started Defining an UPPER Limit An upper limit is one where the measurement fails if the data appears ABOVE the limit line. Press the BEEP AT LEVEL soft key, if necessary, so that the status window says: FAIL IF DATA IS: ABOVE LINE. Defining a LOWER Limit A lower limit is one where the measurement fails if the data appears BELOW the limit line. Press the BEEP AT LEVEL soft key, if necessary, so that the status window says: FAIL IF DATA IS: BELOW LINE.
Chapter 3 Getting Started NOTE: The Site Master does not allow overlapping limit segments of the same type. That is, two upper limit segments cannot overlap and two lower limit segments cannot overlap. The Site Master also does not allow vertical limit segments. A limit segment in which the start and end frequencies are the same, but the limit values are different, cannot be specified. Enabling the Limit Beep Both limit types can indicate a limit violation by enabling the LIMIT BEEP.
Chapter 3 Getting Started Printing Printing is accomplished by selecting an available printer and pressing the print key as described below. Refer to the particular printer operating manual for specific printer settings. Printing a Screen Step 1. Connect the printer as shown in Figure 3-4.
Chapter 3 Getting Started Step 4. Press the PRINTER soft key and select from the displayed menu of supported printers. Step 5. Press the PRINT key. (Figure 3-6). PRINTER Site Master S332C ESCAPE CLEAR 2 1 PRINTER START CAL AUTO SCALE SAVE SETUP RECALL SETUP 3 CHANGE DATE 4 6 5 LIMIT MARKER SAVE DISPLAY RECALL DISPLAY 9 ON OFF MODE Figure 3-6-. FREQ/DIST ENTER 8 7 0 PRINT RUN HOLD +/- PRINT .
Chapter 3 Getting Started Using the Soft Carrying Case The soft carrying case has been designed such that the strap can be unsnapped to allow the case to be easily oriented horizontally; thus allowing the Anritsu controls to be more easily accessed (Figure 3-7). Figure 3-7.
Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements Introduction This chapter provides a description of cable and antenna measurements, including line sweeping fundamentals and line sweeping measurement procedures, available when the Site Master is in frequency or DTF mode. Line Sweep Fundamentals In wireless communication, the transmit and receive antennas are connected to the radio through a transmission line. This transmission line is usually a coaxial cable or waveguide.
Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements The performance of a transmission feed line system may be effected by excessive signal reflection and cable loss. Signal reflection occurs when the RF signal reflects back due to an impedance mismatch or change in impedance caused by excessive kinking or bending of the transmission line. Cable loss is caused by attenuation of the signal as it passes through the transmission line and connectors.
Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements Typical Line Sweep Test Procedures This section provides typical line sweep measurements used to analyze the performance of a transmission feed line system. System Return Loss Measurement System return loss measurement verifies the performance of the transmission feed line system with the antenna connected at the end of the transmission line.
Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements Figure 4-2 is an example of a typical system return loss trace: Figure 4-2. Typical System Return Loss Trace NOTE: The system sweep trace should appear at an approximate return loss of 15 dB (±3 dB) on the display. In general, a 15 dB return loss is measured in the passband of the antenna system. Insertion Loss Measurement The transmission feed line insertion loss test verifies the signal attenuation level of the cable system in reference to the specification.
Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements Step 3. Set the start and stop frequencies, F1 and F2, as described on page 3-2. Step 4. Connect the Test Port Extension cable to the RF port and calibrate the Site Master as described on page 3-2. Step 5. Save the calibration set up (page 3-12). Step 6. Connect the Device Under Test to the Site Master phase stable Test Port Extension cable. A trace will be displayed on the screen as long as the Site Master is in sweep mode. Step 7.
Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements Figure 4-3 is an example of a typical transmission line cable loss trace. Figure 4-3. Typical Transmission Line Cable Loss Trace Procedure - Return Loss Mode Step 1. Press the MODE key. Step 2. Select FREQ-RETURN LOSS using the Up/Down arrow key and press ENTER. Step 3. Set the start and stop frequencies, F1 and F2, as described on page 3-2. Step 4. Connect the Test Port Extension cable to the RF port and calibrate the Site Master as described on page 3-2. Step 5.
Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements Figure 4-4 is an example of a typical insertion loss measurement in return loss mode. Figure 4-4.
Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements Distance-To-Fault (DTF) Transmission Line Test The Distance-To-Fault transmission line test verifies the performance of the transmission line assembly and its components and identifies the fault locations in the transmission line system. This test determines the return loss value of each connector pair, cable component and cable to identify the problem location. This test can be performed in the DTF–RETURN LOSS or DTF–SWR mode.
Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements Figure 4-5 shows an example of a typical DTF return loss trace. Figure 4-5. Typical DTF Return Loss Trace In the above example: q Marker M1 marks the first connector, the end of the Site Master phase stable Test Port Extension cable. q Marker M2 marks the first jumper cable. q Marker M3 marks the end of the main feeder cable. q Marker M4 is the load at the end of the entire transmission line.
Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements Antenna Subsystem Return Loss Test Antenna Subsystem return loss measurement verifies the performance of the transmit and receive antennas. This measurement can be used to analyze the performance of the antenna before installation. The antenna can be tested for the entire frequency band, or tested to a specific frequency range. Transmit and receive frequency measurements are conducted separately.
Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements The following trace is an example of an antenna return loss trace. Figure 4-6. Antenna Return Loss Trace Calculate the threshold value and compare the recorded Lowest Return Loss to the calculated threshold value. Maximum Return Loss = -20 log (VSWR - 1) (VSWR + 1) NOTE: VSWR is the antenna manufacturer’s specified VSWR. If the measured return loss is less than the calculated threshold value, the test fails and the antenna must be replaced.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Spectrum Analyzer Fundamentals Advanced measurements require the use of additional spectrum analyzer functions beyond frequency, span, amplitude and marker functions. In particular, this section will focus on resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth, sweep, and attenuator functions. Effect of Resolution Bandwidth Resolution Bandwidth is determined by the intermediate frequency (IF) filter bandwidth.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Effect of Video Bandwidth Spectrum analyzers typically use another type of filtering after the detector called VIDEO FILTERING. This filter also affects the noise on the display but in a different manner than the resolution bandwidth. In video filtering, the average level of the noise remains the same but the variation in the noise is reduced. Hence, the effect of video filtering is a “smoothing” of the signal noise.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Site Master Spectrum Analyzer Features AM/FM Modulation Modulation is the process of translating some low frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, or data) to a higher frequency. In the modulation process, some characteristic of a carrier signal (usually amplitude or frequency) is changed in direct proportion to the instantaneous amplitude of the baseband signal. The following procedure describes how to measure signals with AM and FM types of modulation.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements The markers read the frequency difference between the two signals, which is equal to the modulating frequency. The marker also reads the difference in amplitude. This difference in amplitude between the two signals can be used to determine the percentage of modulation.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Figure 5-2.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Field Strength Measurements All antennas have loss or gain that can cause errors in measurements. The Site Master can correct for antenna loss or gain errors using Field Strength Measurements. The antenna factors must be uploaded to the Site Master using the Anritsu Software Tools provided with the unit. These antenna factors can then be used to correct for the measurement error. Step 1.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Creating a Spectral Mask Quick go/no-go measurements can be performed by establishing test limits. When using test limits, the user is able to quickly identify signals exceeding established limits as failing. To aid users in establishing limits, the Anritsu Site Master features both single limit and multiple limit functions. Example Step 1. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is desired.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Step 13. Press the NEXT SEGMENT soft key. The starting point of segment 5 will automatically be set equal to the ending point of segment 4. Press EDIT and enter the start frequency, start limit, end frequency, and end limit as prompted in the message area. Enter start frequency = 902 MHz, start limit = -40, end frequency = 910 MHz, end limit = -40 and press EDIT when done. Figure 5-4 shows the resulting display.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Trace Overlay The Site Master can be used to compare frequency spectrums. Example: Step 1. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is desired. If the unit is off, hold down the ESC/CLEAR key while pressing the ON/OFF key. If the unit is already on, press the RECALL SETUP key on the data keypad. When the key is pressed, a Recall Trace selection box appears on the display.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Occupied Bandwidth A common measurement performed on radio transmitters is that of occupied bandwidth (OBW). This measurement calculates the bandwidth containing the total integrated power occupied in a given signal bandwidth. There are two different methods of calculation depending on the technique to modulate the carrier.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements CW Reference Level IS-95 CDMA –15 dBm –10 dBm Input Attenuation Level Auto Auto Resolution Bandwidth Auto 10 kHz Video Bandwidth Auto 30 kHz Step 8. Press the MEASURE key and press the OBW soft key. Select the measurement method (dB Down or % of Power) by pressing the METHOD soft key. The currently selected method is shown in the lower left of the display. Step 9. Press the dBc or % soft keys to adjust the settings as appropriate. Step 10.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Channel Power Measurement Channel power measurement is one of most common measurements for a radio transmitter. This test measures the output power, or channel power, of a transmitter over the frequency range in a specific time interval. Out-of-specification power measurements indicate system faults, which can be in the power amplifiers and in filter circuits.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Procedure Step 1. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is desired. If the unit is off, hold down the ESC/CLEAR key while pressing the ON/OFF key. If the unit is already on, press the RECALL SETUP key on the data keypad. When the key is pressed, a Recall Trace selection box appears on the display. Select setup location 0 to recall the factory preset state. Step 2.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Figure 5-7 shows the results of the measurement using a GSM signal source with an output power level of –35 dBm. Figure 5-7. GSM Channel Power Measurement When the channel power measurement is on, a CH PWR icon appears to the left of the display. Channel power is calculated at the end of a sweep. An hourglass is displayed as the calculations are performed. NOTE: The channel span must be set equal to or larger than the integration bandwidth.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Adjacent Channel Power Ratio Another common transmitter measurement is that of adjacent channel leakage power. This is defined as the ratio of the amount of leakage power in an adjacent channel to the total transmitted power in the main channel. This measurement can be used to replace the traditional two-tone intermodulation distortion (IMD) test for system non-linear behavior.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Step 9. Select the MAIN CHANNEL BW soft key, and enter the main channel bandwidth. For the GSM signal, enter 2.0 MHz. Step 10. Select the ADJ CHANNEL BW soft key, and enter the adjacent channel bandwidth. For the GSM signal, enter 30 kHz. Step 11. Select the CHANNEL SPACING soft key, and enter the channel spacing. For the GSM signal, enter 19.5 MHz. Step 12. Make the measurement by pressing the MEASURE ON/OFF soft key.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Measurement Applications Resolving Closely Spaced Signals Signal resolution is determined by the intermediate frequency (IF) filter bandwidth. The hand held spectrum analyzer, as do conventional spectrum analyzers, traces the shape of its IF filter as it tunes past a signal. Thus, if two equal-amplitude signals are close enough in frequency, the filter shapes for the two signals can fall on top of one another and appear as a single response.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Figure 5-9. Figure 5-10. Measurement of Two Signals Having Equal Amplitudes , RBW = 30 kHz Measurement of Two Signals Having Equal Amplitudes , RBW = 10 kHz Remember, the resolution bandwidth must be equal to or less than the frequency separation of the signal. Therefore, a 10 kHz resolution bandwidth must be used. The next larger filter, 30 kHz, containing some variation, would not resolve the two signals.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Measurement of Two Signals Having Unequal Amplitudes Typically, in real world environments, closely spaced signals do not have equal amplitudes. Often, the difference between closely spaced signals can be as much as –60 dB. To resolve two signals of unequal amplitude, the resolution bandwidth must be less than or equal to the frequency separation of the two signals (the same as resolving two equal amplitude signals).
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Step 6. Change the frequency in the second source from 1900.100 MHz to 1900.050 MHz gradually and observe the effect. Figure 5-12 shows the results with the two signals spaced 50 kHz apart using a signal combiner/splitter with a loss of 6 dB. Figure 5-12. Measurement of Two Signals Having Unequal Amplitudes Step 7. Change the resolution bandwidth to 30 kHz. Figure 5-13 shows the results after changing the RBW using a signal combiner/splitter with a loss of 6 dB.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Example 2: Harmonic Distortion Most transmitting devices and signal sources contain harmonics. Measuring the harmonic content of such sources is frequently required. In fact, measuring harmonic distortion is one of the most common uses of spectrum analyzers.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Step 17. Press the EDIT soft key to turn Marker M2 ON and use Up/down arrow key to place Marker M2 at the center of the second harmonic. Press ENTER to set the marker position. Step 18. Press the DELTA (M2-M1) soft key. This will provide frequency and amplitude information with respect to marker M1. Step 19. Press the MARKER key and select the M3 soft key. Step 20.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Out-of-Band Spurious Emissions Out-of-band spurious measurements are made on signals outside the system main band. These signals, which can interfere with other communication systems, can be categorized into harmonics and random spurious emissions. Real time monitoring of spurious emissions from a transmitter can uncover unwanted signals before they interfere with other channels. OUT OF BAND Figure 5-15.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Step 9. Press the EDIT soft key. Use the Up/down arrow key to move the marker over one of the spurs. Press the ENTER key to set the marker. Step 10. Compare the value of the marker to the specified allowable level of out-of-band spurious emissions for the corresponding channel transmit frequency. Step 11. Repeat Steps 8-11 for the remaining spurs. Use either Marker 1 again, or choose another marker. Figure 5-16 shows a simulated out-of-band spurious signal at 21.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements In-band/Out-of-Channel Measurements The in-band/out-of-channel measurements are those measurements that measure distortion and interference within the system band, but outside of the transmitting channel. These measurements include (1) in-band spurious emissions and (2) adjacent channel power ratio (also called spectral regrowth). There are stringent regulatory controls on the amount of interference that a transmitter can spill to neighboring channels.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Step 11. Repeat steps 8-11 for the remaining spurs. Use either Marker 1 again, or choose another marker. Figure 5-17 shows a simulated in-band spur check at 6 MHz from the carrier frequency. The carrier is measured by M1. The delta marker M3 shows the signal at fc + 6 MHz to be 73.55 dB down from the carrier. This value should be compared against the specification. Figure 5-17.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Field Strength Required Equipment r Site Master S114C/S332C r Portable Antenna Procedure Step 1. Use the Antenna Editor feature of the Software Tools to define an antenna (see page 7-7). Step 2. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is desired. If the unit is off, hold down the ESC/CLEAR key while pressing the ON/OFF key. If the unit is already on, press the RECALL SETUP key on the data keypad.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements Figure 5-18 shows the results of a measurement using an R&S HE200 antenna. Figure 5-18.
Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements In the far field, where electric and magnetic fields are related by the impedance of free space: 2 Pd = power density in W/m Pt = power transmitted in Watts Gt = gain of transmitting antenna r = distance from the antenna in meters 5-29/5-30
Chapter 6 Power Measurement Introduction The Site Master with Option 5 installed can be used for making power measurements with a broadband (1 MHz to 3000 MHz) RF detector, Anritsu P/N 5400-71N50. The power monitor displays the measured power results in dBm or Watts.
Chapter 6 Power Measurement Displaying Relative Power Step 9. With the desired base power level input to the Site Master, press the REL soft key. The message area will show REL: ON and the power reading will indicate 100%. Step 10. Press the UNITS soft key to display power in dBm. Since REL is ON, the power reading will be in dBr, relative to the base power level.
Chapter 7 Software Tools Introduction This chapter provides a description of the Anritsu Software Tools program. Software Tools is a Windows 95/98/NT4/2000/ME/XP program for transferring measured traces, along with markers and limit lines, to the PC display. The program help function provides on screen instructions on display modification, trace overlay, uploading and downloading traces, and multiple plot printing.
Chapter 7 Software Tools Program NOTE: It is recommended that Windows NT 4.0 users install NT 4.0 Service Pack 3 (SP3) or above. In addition, Windows 2000 and Windows ME may require installation of the latest Service Pack. Please contact Microsoft Corporation for further information on obtaining and installing service packs. Installation To install the Software Tools program: Step 1. Insert the Anritsu Software Tools disk in the CDROM drive. Step 2. From the Windows Start menu, select Run . Step 3.
Chapter 7 Software Tools Program Interface Cable Installation Communication between the instrument and the PC is accomplished over a null modem serial cable provided with the instrument (Anritsu part number 800-441, and optional USB to serial adaptor, part number 551-1691, if required). Step 1. Install the null modem serial interface cable to the Serial Interface connector on the test connector panel. Step 2.
Chapter 7 Software Tools Program Plot Capture to the PC To open the plot capture menus, select the capture icon on the button bar, or select the Capture drop down menu from the menu bar. Select Capture to Screen to download traces to the PC. Select a folder, or individual traces within a folder, to be downloaded to the PC. The traces will appear on the PC display as they are downloaded. When Software Tools is communicating with the instrument, REMOTE will be displayed to the left of the graph.
Chapter 7 Software Tools Program Manual adjustment sets the upper and lower limits of the display under the Scale/Limit Submenu. Auto Scale automatically adjusts the scale for maximum and minimum measurement readings. Limit Line Off turns off all limit lines. Single Limit Line can be activated to help identify faults. Multi-Segment Limit Lines can be activated to set different limits within the same measurement display for specification requirements.
Chapter 7 Software Tools Program Saving Traces Once the plots are captured to the PC they can be saved as individual files or as a block of files to a database. Saving a Plot as a Windows Metafile or to a Spreadsheet Plots can be saved as a Windows metafile (.wmf), a SMST .dat file, a text file (.txt) or .mdb database. The metafile may be imported into graphic programs and the text file can be imported into spreadsheet. The .dat and .mdb files are used exclusively by the Software Tools.
Chapter 7 Software Tools Program Creating a Database A single trace or a block of traces can be transferred from the instrument to the PC. A separate database can be created for each cellular site. The site name can be used as the database name. Step 1. Select the File menu and select the Database. Step 2. Open an existing database or create a new database with a descriptive filename that represents the site name.
Chapter 7 Software Tools Program Antenna used for radiated emissions testing are individually calibrated (the antenna factors can be measured directly) at all appropriate distances. The calibrations produce values that are defined the “equivalent free space antenna factor.” The calibration procedure corrects for the presence of the reflection of the antenna in the ground plane, giving the value that would be measured if the antenna were in “free space.” Antenna Editor Step 1.
Chapter 7 Software Tools Program Downloading Antennas All ten antennas can be downloaded to the PC from the instrument. This allows for modifications to the antenna factors of an antenna or the addition or deletion of available antennas from the list. The antennas can then be uploaded to the instrument. To download the antennas: Step 1. Connect the RS232 cable between the PC and the instrument. Step 2. Verify that the instrument is sweeping at a minimum sweep rate of 5 seconds/sweep. Step 3.
Appendix A Reference Data Coaxial Cable Technical Data Table A-1 provides a standard listing of common coaxial cables along with their Relative Propagation Velocity and Nominal Attenuation values in dB/m @1000, 2000, and 2500 MHz. (N/A indicates that the specification is not applicable to the listed cable.) Table A-1. Coaxial Cable Technical Data (1 of 3) Manufacturer Cable Type Relative Propagation Velocity (Vf) Andrew FSJ1-50A 0.84 Nominal Attenuation dB/m @ 1000 MHz 0.
Appendix A Reference Data Table A-1. Coaxial Cable Technical Data (2 of 3) Manufacturer Cable Type Relative Propagation Velocity (Vf) Cablewave HCC12-50J 0.915 Nominal Attenuation dB/m @ 1000 MHz 0.087 Cablewave HCC78-50J 0.915 0.041 0.061 0.066 Cablewave HCC158-50J 0.95 0.022 0.031 0.033 Cablewave HCC300-50J 0.96 0.015 N/A N/A Cablewave HCC312-50J 0.96 0.013 N/A N/A Cablewave HF 4-1/8” Cu2Y 0.97 0.01 N/A N/A Cablewave HF 5” Cu2Y 0.96 0.
Appendix A Reference Data Table A-1. Coaxial Cable Technical Data (3 of 3) Nominal Attenuation dB/m @ 1000 MHz Nominal Attenuation dB/m @ 2000 MHz Nominal Attenuation dB/m @ 2500 MHz Manufacturer Cable Type Relative Propagation Velocity (Vf) NK Cables RF 2 ¼” -50 BHF 0.88 0.021 0.034 N/A NK Cables RFF 3/8” -50 0.81 0.147 0.218 0.25 NK Cables RFF 3/8” -50 GHF 0.81 0.147 0.218 0.25 NK Cables RFF 3/8” -50 BHF 0.81 0.147 0.218 0.25 NK Cables RFF ½” -50 0.82 0.112 0.167 0.
Appendix B Windowing Introduction The Distance sub-menu (page 2-10) provides for setting the cable loss and relative propagation velocity of the coaxial cable. The WINDOW key opens a menu of FFT windowing types for the DTF calculation. The theoretical requirement for inverse FFT is for the data to extend from zero frequency to infinity. Side lobes appear around a discontinuity due to the fact that the spectrum is cut off at a finite frequency.
Appendix B Windowing D is ta n c e T o F a u lt -5 -1 0 -1 5 -2 0 -2 5 -3 0 R e tu rn L o s s (d B ) -3 5 -4 0 -4 5 -5 0 1 0 5 Figure B-2. 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 F e e t 3 5 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5 6 0 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5 6 0 Nominal Side Lobe Windowing Example D is ta n c e T o F a u lt -5 -1 0 -1 5 -2 0 -2 5 -3 0 R e tu rn L o s s (d B ) -3 5 -4 0 -4 5 -5 0 5 Figure B-3.
Appendix B Windowing D is ta n c e T o F a u lt -5 -1 0 -1 5 -2 0 -2 5 -3 0 R e tu rn L o s s (d B ) -3 5 -4 0 -4 5 -5 0 5 Figure B-4.
