Apollo SL50 and SL60 GPS Receiver and VHF Communications Transceiver User’s Guide 560-0955-00 March 1997
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the express written consent of II Morrow Inc. II Morrow and Apollo are trademarks of II Morrow Inc. © 1997 by II Morrow Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. II Morrow Inc. Consumer Products Division 2345 Turner Road, S.E. Salem, OR 97302 U.S.A. Toll Free Canada Toll Free International FAX 800.525.6726 800.654.3415 503.391.3411 503.364.2138 Visit our web page at http://www.iimorrow.
Welcome ... Welcome ... Welcome to a new era of aviation navigation communication. Once again, II Morrow Inc. has set new standards in features and ease of use for the general aviation public. The Apollo SL50 and SL60 are unequaled in providing the features, level of performance, and reliability that aviation users require. The Apollo slim line series of avionics sets a precedent that will be the standard that all other avionics will be compared to.
History of Revisions History of Revisions March 1997 April 1997 Original Release Rev -01 Ordering Information To receive additional copies of the Apollo SL50/60 manuals order the following part numbers: User’s Guide 560-0955-xx User’s Guide Binder (3/4”) 560-9002-xx Installation Manual 560-0957-xx SL50 Quick Reference 561-0235-xx SL60 Quick Reference 561-0239-xx Important Notice The Global Positioning System (GPS) is operated by the United States Department of Defense which is solely responsible for th
TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome ...
SEL (Select) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5 ENT (Enter) · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5 Apollo SL50/60 Features · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 6 Getting Started the First Time · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 9 Power Up · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 9 Seed Position · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 9 Entering a Seed Position · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 10 Change Refe
Setting Runway Limits · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 27 Special Use Airspace · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 28 Parallel Track Offset · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 29 GPS Position · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 30 Countdown Timer · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 30 From/To/Next Waypoint · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 32 Creating From/To/Next Waypoints· · · · · · · · · 32 Placing the To Waypoint on Hold ·
Waypoint Comments · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 46 Flight Plan Functions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 47 Flight Plan Pages · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 47 Reaching the Flight Plan Function · · · · · · · · · 47 Active Flight Plan · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 48 Creating a Flight Plan · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 48 Flight Plan Leg Information· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 50 ETA · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Rename · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 56 Copy Plan · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 57 Estimate Ground Speed · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 57 Clear Waypoints · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 57 Reverse Flight Plan · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 57 Estimated Fuel Flow · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 57 Delete Plan · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 58 Hold · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Airspace Selections · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 66 Autonav Time · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 67 Navigation Mode Programmable Pages and Autonav Pages · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 67 Creating a New Custom Nav Page · · · · · · · · · 69 Setting Units · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 71 Magnetic Variation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 71 Flight Timer Trigger · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 72 Direct-To Entry Options ·
Small and Large Knobs · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 81 Selecting Frequencies · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 81 Frequency Monitoring · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 82 Recalling a Frequency · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 83 TO, FROM, and INFO Frequency Database· · 83 Auto Stored Frequencies (Auto) · · · · · · · · · 85 User Stored Frequencies · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 86 Weather Channels · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 87 Emergency Channel · ·
IFR Output Tests · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 95 Message Function · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 97 New Messages · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 98 Old Messages · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 98 Messages · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 98 Special Use Airspace Messages · · · · · · · · · · · 98 Soon· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 98 · · · · · · ·
User Database Memory Loss · · · · · · · · · · · · 102 Comm Radio Failure (SL60 only)· · · · · · · · · 102 Flight Plan Memory Loss · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 103 User Memory Failure · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 103 Database Expired· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 103 Database Invalid · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 103 Manual Magnetic Variation· · · · · · · · · · · · · · 104 Low Internal Battery Voltage · · · · · · · · · · · · 104 High Battery Voltage· · · · · · · · · · · · ·
Introduction Introduction This guide describes the operation of the Apollo SL50 GPS Receiver and the Apollo SL60 GPS Receiver and VHF Communication Transceiver. The Apollo SL50 is a high performance GPS receiver with a high intensity LED display packed into a 1.3 inch high by 6.25 inch wide package that conserves panel space. The SL50 uses the same 8-channel GPS engine that is used in II Morrow’s high end TSO C129 terminal and enroute certified products.
Introduction waypoints created by the user. Ten flight plans can be saved with up to twenty legs for setting up custom tailored routes. The detailed Navigation information displays are also customizable and can be set to automatically scroll through the desired information. The Emergency Search feature, invented by II Morrow, when used with the Direct-To feature makes it easy to quickly select an airport as a new destination whether because of a change in plans, or to react to an emergency.
Introduction The display is a 1-line by 32-character 5x7 dot matrix alphanumeric display. A photocell is located in the top left corner of the front panel display. The photocell automatically controls the light intensity of the display LEDs from low brightness at night to high brightness during daylight operation. Annunciators Several annunciators are used to help indicate the operating modes of your SL60. The TX (Transmit) annunciator is lighted whenever you are transmitting.
Introduction Controls Power/Volume/Squelch Knob(SL60) The knob on the left side of the SL60 controls power on/off, volume, and squelch test. Rotate the knob clockwise (CW) past the detent to turn the power on. Continue rotating the knob to the right to increase speaker and headphone amplifier volume level. Rotate the knob to the left to reduce the volume level. Pull the knob out to disable automatic squelch. Power Knob (SL50) The knob on the left side of the SL50 controls power on/off.
Introduction WPT NAV SYS MSG D INFO SEL WPT (Waypoint) - SL50 The Waypoint key allows access to the waypoint database. (SL60 accesses the database from within the System function - see page 39.) NAV (Navigation) Press the NAV key to reach the navigation functions. SYS (System Mode) Press the SYS key to reach the System mode functions. System mode is used to make system level adjustments, setup flight plans, access the database, and modify Nav function displays.
Apollo SL50/60 Features Apollo SL50/60 Features SL50/60 GPS Navigation Features 10 Reversible Flight Plans with 20 Legs Automatic Waypoint Sequencing 200 User-Defined Waypoints Nav Displays Lat/Lon Bearing and Distance Ground Speed and Track Angle Desired Track and Distance Internal CDI Display 32-Character High-Intensity Alphanumeric LED Display Automatic Display Intensity Control User-Selectable Nav Displays User-Defineable Distance and Speed Settings: nm, km (distance) knots, kph (speed) Clock and Count
Apollo SL50/60 Features SL60 Comm Radio Features 760 Communication Channels Frequency Range: 118 to 136.
Apollo SL50/60 Features Notes 8
Getting Started the First Time Getting Started the First Time This section explains how to get started using your Apollo SL50/60. Information in this section explains how to startup the unit, check signals from the GPS satellites, enter a seed position, and GOTO a destination waypoint. • • • • • • It is necessary to enter a seed position and the current time the first time you turn the unit on.
Getting Started the First Time Entering a Seed Position After the start up tests, you will always have the choice of entering a Seed Position. The Seed Position is a starting reference point so the GPS receiver knows what satellites it is looking for. If a Seed Position has been previously entered, you do not need to select a new Present Position or a Reference Waypoint. If you do not make any selections, the Apollo SL50/60 will automatically progress into the Navigation function. 1.
Getting Started the First Time 2. Turn the Large knob to each character of the waypoint name. Change the character with the Small knob. aSLE c SALEM OR USA 3. Note that you can change the character just before the airport name to either a “c” or an “f.” The “c” indicates a “city” and the “f” indicates a “facility.
Getting Started the First Time ENT 4. After entering the Seed Position, you will be prompted next to clear the active flight plan. Choose Yes or No with the Small knob. Press ENT to now continue normal operations.
Getting Started the First Time Checking GPS Signal Strength SYS The unit shows the GPS signal strength screen in the GPS Sensor function. Make it a habit to check this screen to make sure that the unit is properly tracking visible satellites before you fly. The Apollo SL50/60 requires signals from at least four satellites to calculate a 3D position fix (Lat/Lon and GPS altitude). More details are available in the GPS Sensor part of the System section of this manual, see page 79. 1.
Getting Started the First Time Note The GPS antenna must be able to “see” each satellite it is tracking. If a satellite is “shaded” by the wing or fuselage during a turn, it may temporarily lose track of that satellite. If this happens, or if the geometry of the satellites available is poor, the unit may temporarily calculate a “2D Fix” and Nav information will not be available. A NAV INVALID FLAG will be generated and all Nav information will be dashed.
Getting Started the First Time D Using the Direct-To Function 1. Press the Direct-To key. Change the waypoint type by moving to the character to the left of the waypoint name with the Large knob. vUBG f NEWBERG OR USA 2. Change the type of destination waypoint by turning the Small knob to select: airport (a), NDB (n), VOR (v), INT (i), or USER (u). For instance, with ARPT (a) indicated as the type of destination waypoint, only airports show on the display as you select identifier characters.
Getting Started the First Time SEL 6. Press SEL again to select the entire city name. aPDX +c PORTLAND OR USA 7. Turn the Small knob to view each airport with the current city name. The city name can be a maximum of 16 characters. Longer names will be truncated. aHIO ENT +c PORTLAND 8. When you have entered the waypoint name, press ENT. Your Apollo SL50/60 will now switch to the Navigation function and show information based on your present position to the Direct-To destination waypoint.
Navigation Basics Navigation Basics About the Navigation Function This section explores the navigation function and describes the powerful features it contains. When you become comfortable operating the unit, you may wish to “fly” the Apollo SL50/60 using the built-in simulator. Follow the instructions in the Simulator section for using the simulator. The navigation function is always active.
Navigation Basics Turn the Small knob to view the other available Navigation displays.
Navigation Basics Nav Pages Nav Display Choices Estimated Time Enroute (Ete) ETE is to the current TO (destination) waypoint from your present position based on the current ground speed. The units shown are in hours and minutes, 00:00 to 99:59. If the ground speed is less than or equal to 5 knots, the GPS receiver does not have a valid position, or there is no TO waypoint, the ETE value will be shown as dashes. If there is no TO waypoint, the TO identifier location will be replaced by dashes.
Navigation Basics Range (Rge) The distance from your present position to the TO waypoint. Units can be set as either nautical miles or kilometers in the Nav Info section of the System functions (see page 71). Nautical mile units are 0.00 to 9.00 nm in 0.01 nm increments, 10.0 to 99.9 nm in 0.1 nm increments, and 100 to 9999 nm in 1 nm increments. Kilometer units are 0.00 to 99.99 km in 0.01 km increments, 100.0 to 999.9 km in 0.1 km increments, and 1000 to 9999 km in 1 km increments.
Navigation Basics nm full scale per side. The airplane symbol is also used as a To-From indicator. When the airplane is facing up, you are on the “To” side of the destination waypoint. When the airplane is facing upside down, you are on the “From” side of the destination waypoint. TO (destination) WPT To side of destination waypoint A From side of destination waypoint L FROM (origin) WPT The number shown on the edge of the display opposite from the airplane symbol shows the distance off track.
Navigation Basics Desired Track (Dtk) Desired Track is the course angle between the FROM and TO waypoints referenced to the magnetic variation at the current FROM waypoint. Desired Track is shown from 0 to 359 degrees in one degree increments. Dtk 173 Desired Track Label 48.0nm Trk 173 TAE 000 Desired Track Distance from Origin to Destination Dtk 173 Desired Track Angle from Origin to Destination Track Angle Label Track Angle Error Label 48.
Navigation Basics Track (Trk) Angle Track Angle is the angle of your actual direction of travel. Track is shown from 0 to 359 degrees in one degree increments. Track is computed using the magnetic variation at the Present Position. The Track value will be dashed if the FROM or TO waypoints are blank, if the GPS receiver does not have a valid position, or if ground speed is less than 5 knots. Track Angle Error (Tae) Track Angle Error is the difference between the Desired Track and Track Angle (Dtk - Trk).
Navigation Basics Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA) The elevation of the highest obstruction near the aircraft plus a 1,000 or 2,000 foot buffer added for safety. In non-mountainous terrain, a 1,000 foot buffer is added. In mountainous terrain, a 2,000 foot buffer is added. The result is rounded to the nearest 100 feet. The value will be replaced with dashes if there is no valid GPS position, the TO waypoint is blank, or the current position is outside of the database coverage area.
Navigation Basics Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) The first ETA is to the current TO waypoint at the current Ground Speed from the present position. The second ETA uses the total flight plan distance remaining to the last waypoint in the flight plan based on the current Ground Speed. The destination waypoint is displayed. Units are hours and minutes (00:00 to 23:59) based on the UTC 24 hour clock.
Navigation Basics ENT miles of your present position. The Bearing and Distance to the displayed waypoint is shown on the right side of the display. Press ENT to set the displayed waypoint as the new destination (TO) waypoint. Searching Around a Reference Waypoint Use this function to search for the 20 nearest waypoints within 600 miles of a reference waypoint selected from the database. ENT 1. While in the Emergency Search function, turn the Large knob to view “Choose Reference Waypoint” and press ENT.
Navigation Basics 5. Turn the Small knob to view the nearest 20 waypoints. Setting Runway Limits Narrow the type of airports that you will accept by choosing the runway length, lighting, and surface type. 1. While in the Emergency Search function, turn the Large knob to view the “Runway Limits” display. Rwy Limits:H/S/W Ft:0 SEL Lit:No 2. Press SEL. The runway length value will flash. Turn the Small knob to select the minimum runway length you want considered.
Navigation Basics Special Use Airspace When searching around your present position, the first ten airspaces within 100 miles are displayed. If you are using the Simulator, the first 20 airspaces within 100 miles are displayed. While searching for airspaces, the keys and knobs are disabled and the following display will appear. Searching for Airspaces... The information for airspaces includes: name, position in the list (1-10), type, and proximity.
Navigation Basics The Nearest Airspace list is updated periodically as your aircraft moves and the following display will appear. Re-Organizing Airspaces... Parallel Track Offset This function allows you to create a parallel course offset to the left or right from your current FROM-TO course from 0.1 to 20.0 nm. You must have FROM and TO waypoints defined. Parallel Track cannot be activated if you set a course using Direct-To. Transitions between flight plan legs cannot be greater than 120 degrees.
Navigation Basics 4. Turn the Large knob to the distance field. Turn the Small knob to select the offset distance. PTK Offset LEFT ENT GPS Position 2.5nm In Use 5. After making your choices, press ENT. A “p” will replace the waypoint type to indicate that Parallel Track is in use. The MSG annunciator will flash and a message will state that Parallel Track is in use. Using Direct-To will cancel Parallel Track.
Navigation Basics 3. Turn the Large knob to move between the time value fields. Countdown Timer 00:05:00 4. Turn the Small knob to edit the hours, minutes, or seconds value. Countdown Timer ENT MSG 01:05:00 5. Press ENT to start the timer at the selected time value. 6. After the Countdown Timer value expires, press the MSG key to note the time out message.
Navigation Basics From/To/Next Waypoint The From/To/Next Waypoint page allows you to create a three waypoint mini-flightplan while within the Nav function. These waypoints are like a three waypoint window into your Active Flight Plan. Changes to this page or to the Active Flight Plan changes the other one. Select waypoints from the database including the following types: airport (a), VOR (v), NDB (n), Intersection (i), and User-defined (u).
Navigation Basics 3. Turn the Large knob ccw one position to the waypoint type. Choose Airport (a), VOR (v), NDB (n), Intersection (i), or User-defined (u) with the Small knob. vABA f ARUBA ANTILL 4. Turn the Large knob clockwise one click to move to the first character of the waypoint name. The first character of the waypoint name will flash. Turn the Small knob to select the desired character. a6S4 c GATES OR USA 5. Turn the Large knob clockwise one click to move to the next character.
Navigation Basics To Waypoint SEL 1. Press SEL and move to the To waypoint with the Large knob. aEUG ENT ENT to Ins? next _____ 2. The insert (Ins?) choice will flash. Press ENT and then select the To waypoint as you did for the From waypoint. 3. After selecting a To waypoint, press ENT. aEUG to aSLE next _____ Next Waypoint SEL 1. Press SEL and move to the Next waypoint with the Large knob. aEUG ENT ENT aSLE next Ins? 2. The insert (Ins?) choice will flash.
Navigation Basics Editing 1. While in the Navigation function, turn the Large knob to view the From/To/Next page. SEL 2. Press SEL to start editing. 3. Turn the Large knob to select the From, To, or Next waypoint field to edit. 4. The flashing selection will ask you to choose between Ins (Insert), Chg (Change), or Del (Delete). The TO waypoint can also be placed on Hold or To (active). When a waypoint is deleted, its position will be replaced by dashes. SEL Placing the To Waypoint on Hold 1.
Navigation Basics Using Direct-To D Pressing the Direct-To key sets the From location as your present position. When using the Direct-To function, the From waypoint identifier is overwritten with the word “Direct.” If you remove the Direct-To position with the Del? option, the old From waypoint is returned to that position. If you edit the From position, Direct-To navigation will be replaced by the new entered waypoint. Activating Direct-To will disable Parallel Track. 1. Press the Direct-To key. 2.
Waypoint Functions Waypoint Functions Waypoint Information • • • • • Available Waypoint Information • • • • • • • • • • The Apollo SL50/60 provides an extensive built-in database of waypoint information to aid the navigator. Waypoints in the database are divided into 5 categories. This structure allows you to easily select a waypoint as a destination, search for waypoint information, search for nearest waypoints, or insert waypoints into a flight plan.
Waypoint Functions 38 • • • • • • VOR Waypoint Information Identifier Name Radial and distance from the VOR Bearing and distance from present position Operating frequency Lat/Lon coordinates • • • • • NDB Waypoint Information Bearing and distance from present position Operating frequency Lat/Lon coordinates Identifier Name • • • • INT Waypoint Information Country Bearing and distance from present position Identifier Lat/Lon coordinates • • • • • • USER Waypoint Information Bearing and distance from
Waypoint Functions Getting Information about a Waypoint You can access the Waypoint database by either looking directly or by using a feature that draws information from the database, such as using Emergency Search or creating a Flightplan. This section will describe going directly into the database, the other methods of using the waypoint database will be covered in the sections about the specific features. 1. In the SL50, press the WPT key.
Waypoint Functions 5. You can also select the waypoint by the facility name. As you turn the Large knob to the “c”, a “+” may appear. aPDX +c PORTLAND OR USA Multiple facilities or cities with the same name will have a “+” beside the name. SEL 6. Press SEL so the whole name flashes. aPDX +c PORTLAND OR USA 7. Turn the Small knob to view the waypoints with the same city or facility name. aHIO INFO OR USA 8. Press INFO to view information about the selected waypoint.
Waypoint Functions Nearest (Emergency Search) Waypoint NRST MSG 2. The SL50/60 will provide a series of displays showing your progress during the update process. Follow the directions in the Waypoint Manager documentation. An important safety feature of the SL50/60 is its ability to locate waypoints closest to your position. Should you have to land quickly, you can use this feature to locate a nearby waypoint, assign it as a destination, and quickly navigate to it.
Waypoint Functions Create User Waypoint by Lat/Lon The Apollo SL50/60 allows you to create up to 200 of your own waypoints to the waypoint database. You can create a waypoint based on a Lat/Lon or using a radial and distance from another waypoint. You can also add the runway length. 1. In the SL50, press the WPT key. In the SL60, press the SYS key, turn the Large knob to view the “Waypoint Database” page, and then press ENT. 2. Turn the Large knob to view the “Create User Wpt By Lat/Lon” page.
Waypoint Functions 5. Runway Length is not shown on the first page of the waypoint. Turn the Large knob cw past the last Lat/Lon value or ccw before the first character of the waypoint name to view the Runway Length. HOME USER Rwy Length: 0000 ft 6. A Runway Length digit will flash. Turn the Small knob to change the value. Turn the Large knob to move to another character. HOME ENT USER Rwy Length: 3500 ft 7. Press ENT when you have finished entering the waypoint information.
Waypoint Functions Create User Waypoint by Radial/Distance ENT 1. In the SL50, press the WPT key. In the SL60, press the SYS key, turn the Large knob to view the “Waypoint Database” page, and then press ENT. 2. Turn the Large knob to view the “Create User Wpt By Rad/Dis” page. Press ENT. The first character of the radial will flash. Ref Wpt: AAF ENT 000.00 000.0nm 3. Select the Reference Waypoint.
Waypoint Functions ENT 6. Press ENT when you have finished entering the waypoint information. You will be prompted to create a name for the waypoint. #000 USER 44010.96N 121043.35W 7. Now, use the Large and Small knobs to enter the waypoint name. You can also adjust Lat/Lon and add the Runway Length. Press ENT when you are finished. ENT CABIN USER 44010.96N 121043.35W Note You should never create a Radial/Distance User waypoint from another Radial/Distance User waypoint.
Waypoint Functions Modify User Waypoint 1. In the SL50, press the WPT key. In the SL60, press the SYS key, turn the Large knob to view the “Waypoint Database” page, and then press ENT. 2. Turn the Large knob to view the “Modify User Waypoint” page. Press ENT. ENT Modify User Wpt: Press ENT 3. Turn the Small knob to view the User waypoints. WPT to Modify: CABIN ENT Press ENT 4. When the waypoint to modify is displayed, press ENT. 5. Turn the Small knob to select the desired character. 6.
Flight Plan Functions Flight Plan Functions Flight plans are specific routes between waypoints you may store in the Apollo SL50/60’s memory. This information is used to calculate useful flight statistics. The Flight Plan function allows you to have up to 10 stored flight plans. Each flight plan may have up to 20 legs. The Active flight plan is always used for the current flight. Inactive flight plans may be activated in the Flight Plan function to be copied into the Active flight plan.
Flight Plan Functions Active Flight Plan The first plan in the Flight Plan function is the Active plan and is noted by the name *Active* with asterisks. This name cannot be changed in the Active page. *Active* Creating a Flight Plan 259nm Dest: PDT Y The basic steps for creating a flight plan include: entering the plan name and inserting waypoints. You may then view flight plan information, activate the plan, and use the other options.
Flight Plan Functions 3. Turn the Small knob to select the first flight plan name character. R_______ Enter a New Plan Name 4. Turn the Large knob clockwise one click to move to the next character position. Turn the Small knob to select the next name character. You can have up to eight characters in the flight plan name. ROUTE 2 ENT Enter a New Plan Name 5. Press ENT when the name is complete. A message will display telling you to turn the Small knob to insert waypoints or to press SEL for options.
Flight Plan Functions ENT 9. The Ins? Prompt will flash in the To waypoint position. Press ENT. 1 aEUG N Ins? 0000 0.0nm 10. Repeat steps 7-9 for the remaining waypoints in your flight plan. SEL Flight Plan Leg Information SEL 11. Press SEL when your flight plan is complete. Two types of information are available within flight plan legs. Pressing INFO will provide information about the destination waypoint.
Flight Plan Functions ETA Estimated Time of Arrival is for the displayed To waypoint. It is available only in the Active flight plan and requires an actual ground speed of more than 5 knots. If there is no valid ETA for the leg, dashes will replace the value. 1 ** aEUG N aSLE ETA 00:26 ETA? ETA? is the same as ETA, except the Estimated Ground Speed is used for the calculation. 1 ** aEUG N aSLE ETA? 00:27 Leg ETE The Estimated Time Enroute between the displayed From and To waypoints.
Flight Plan Functions ETE? ETE? is the same as ETE, except the Estimated Ground Speed is used for the calculation. 1 ** aEUG N aSLE ETE? 00:24 Fuel? Fuel? shows the amount of fuel required to get from the From waypoint to the To waypoint for an inactive plan or from the present position to the To waypoint for the Active flight plan. Legs previous to the current one are dashed.
Flight Plan Functions Direct-To If the leg page displayed is the currently active leg of the Active flight plan, and a Direct-To waypoint has been entered, the From waypoint will say “Direct.” The leg just prior to the currently active leg displays the leg as if the “direct” waypoint did not exist. After sequencing, the “Direct” disappears, and the currently active leg once again displays the waypoint identifier. See page 36 for more details on using the Direct-To function.
Flight Plan Functions active leg number will be reduced (i.e. from leg 7 to leg 6). Changing Existing Flight Plan Legs 1. In the Flight Plan function, turn the Large knob to a flight plan and then use the Small knob to display the leg of the plan that you want to edit. 2* SEL N aHIO 3450 37.9nm 2. Press SEL. The From waypoint will flash with the Chg? prompt. Turn the Large knob to the desired waypoint. 2* ENT aSLE Chg? N aHIO 3450 37.9nm 3. Press ENT. This takes you into the waypoint database.
Flight Plan Functions 3. If another option was last used, turn the Small knob to choose Ins?. 3* ENT a6S4 Ins? 0500 162nm 5. Press ENT. Use the Large and Small knobs to select the desired waypoint. a5J0 ENT N c JOHN DAY OR USA 6. After selecting the waypoint name, press ENT. 3* a6S4 N a5J0 0790 149nm Deleting a Waypoint 1. In the Flight Plan function, display the leg of the plan that you want to edit. 3* SEL N a5J0 0790 149nm 2. Press SEL.
Flight Plan Functions Flight Plan Options In the Flight Plan function you may make changes to the active flight plan. 1. In the Flight Plan function turn the Large knob to the active flight plan. 2. Press SEL and then turn the Small knob to view the available functions. SEL ENT 3. Press ENT to activate the option. Activate Pressing ENT when the “Activate” option is displayed copies the selected inactive flight plan to the active plan and activates the plan starting at Leg 1.
Flight Plan Functions Copy Plan Pressing ENT when the “Copy Plan” option is displayed allows you to copy any existing plan into the current plan, overwriting all of the current plan’s waypoints. Route 2 259nm Copy Plan? Estimate Ground Speed Pressing ENT when the “Est Gr Speed” option is displayed allows you to enter an estimated ground speed value to be used in estimating some leg info options, such as estimated fuel flow.
Flight Plan Functions The estimated fuel flow can be selected from 0000 to 9999 units per hour. The units may be set in the System function (see page 71). Pressing ENT saves the entered value if the value entered is less than or equal to 999 US gallons per hour, after any necessary conversions are performed. If the value is too large when ENT is pressed, it is truncated to the largest possible value for the units selected, and remains flashing for editing.
Flight Plan Functions ENT 3. Press ENT to place the active flight plan on hold. Waypoint sequencing will be inhibited. Waypoint sequencing remains inhibited until it is reenabled, even if you change waypoints or legs manually. *Active* Holding Dest: PDT Y Continue The Continue option is available for the Active flight plan when the flight plan status is Holding (waypoint sequencing is not allowed). Pressing ENT when this option is displayed renews waypoint sequencing. 1.
Flight Plan Functions If no plan comment has been entered, press SEL to create one. 1. While viewing the desired flight plan, press INFO. INFO SEL 2. Turn the Large knob to choose the Comment page and press SEL. 3. Turn the Small knob to select the first character. 4. Turn the Large knob clockwise one click to move to the next character position. Turn the Small knob to select the next name character. 5. After selecting the waypoint name, press ENT.
System Functions System Functions Pressing the SYS key allows you to access the System functions. After pressing the SYS key, turn the Large knob to view the available functions. Press ENT when viewing the desired System function. Flight Plans Press ENT to reach the Flight Plan functions. The available pages include: the Active flight plan, inactive flight plans, and the page to create new flight plans. Complete details on using the Flight Plan function are available in the Flight Plan section.
System Functions 4. Turn the Small knob to select the first character. aSAA c SARATOGA WY USA 5. Turn the Large knob clockwise one click to move to the next character position. Turn the Small knob to select the next name character. aS20 c GOLDENDALE WA USA ENT 6. After selecting the waypoint name, press ENT. INFO 7. Press INFO to view information about the waypoint. aS21 c SUNRIVER OR USA See the section on the Waypoint Functions for complete details (page 37).
System Functions 3. Turn the Large knob to view the available pages. Software Version SYS 1. Press SYS and then turn the Large knob to reach the Com Radio Information page. Press ENT. COM Radio SW Version: ENT X.X 2. Software Version information is displayed. RF Signal Strength The RF Signal Level function shows the relative signal strength of the frequency you are listening to. The range displayed is between 0 and 255.
System Functions 1. In the Com Radio Information function, turn the Large knob to the Intercom Squelch Level page. Intercom Squelch: 187 2. Turn the Small knob to adjust the level. Intercom Squelch: 197 3. The desired level will be activated as selected. You do not need to press ENT. Sidetone Level Adjustment The Sidetone Level Adjustment page is used to display and adjust the headphone sidetone level. 1.
System Functions Navigation Information SYS The Navigation Information function allows to make adjustments on the way information is shown in the Navigation function. The pages available include: Airspace Setup, Autonav Time, Nav Mode Display Programming, Magnetic Variation, Flight Timer Trigger, Direct-To Entry Option, and CDI Scaling. 1. Press the SYS key. 2. Turn the Large knob to reach the Navigation Information page and then press ENT.
System Functions SEL 1. While viewing the Airspace Buffer page, press SEL. Airspc Buffers: 2nm 10min 2. Turn the Large knob to select the desired value to change. Turn the Small knob to change the value. Airspc Buffers: ENT 3nm 10min 3. Press ENT when the desired values have been selected. Airspace Selections Thirteen Airspaces are available for selection: Class B, B Outer, Class C, C Outer, MOA, Training, Unknown, Alert, Caution, Danger, Restricted, Prohibited, and Warning.
System Functions ENT 4. Press ENT after selecting ON or OFF for each Airspace type. Turn the Small knob to view the other Airspace pages. Autonav Time Autonav Time is the delay time that each Navigation page will be displayed before rotating to the next page. Time may be selected from one to nine seconds. SEL 1. While viewing the Autonav Time page, press SEL. Autonav Time: 4 Seconds/Page 2. Turn the Small knob to select the delay time. Autonav Time: 7 Seconds/Page ENT 3. Press ENT when finished.
System Functions 2. Turn the Large knob to reach Nav Mode Display Pages. Nav Mode Display Pages Y 3. Turn the Small knob cw to view the second (first editable) Nav page. A SEL 0.002 Brg 128 77.5nm 4. Press SEL to activate editing. The first Nav field will flash. A 0.002 Brg 128 77.5nm 5. Turn the Small knob to select the desired Nav information to be displayed in that field. GroundSp 100kts Brg 128 77.5nm 6. Turn the Large knob to move to the next field to edit.
System Functions 10. Turn the Small knob to view another Nav page and repeat steps 4-9. Selecting Autonav Pages SEL 1. While you are viewing a Nav page information page, press SEL and then ENT. ENT 2. You will be prompted to decide if you want to include this page in the Autonav scrolling. Turn the Small knob to choose between Yes and No. Nav Page 4 in Autonav Pages? ENT Yes 3. Press ENT.
System Functions 3. Turn the Small knob to select the desired Nav information to be displayed in that field. 100kts 4. Turn the Large knob to move to the next field. 100kts ______ 5. Turn the Small knob to select the desired Nav information to be displayed in the field. 100kts Brg 353 6. Use the Large and Small knobs to select information for the next field, if desired. 100kts Brg 353 ete SLE ENT ENT 00:22 7. Press ENT when you have finished selecting information for your custom Nav display.
System Functions Setting Units Nav displays that show distance may be selected to show either nautical miles or kilometers. 1. Press SYS. Turn the Large knob to Nav Info and press ENT. Turn the Large knob to the Nav Mode Display Pages. SYS ENT Nav Mode Display Pages Y 2. Turn the Small knob to reach a programmable Nav page. Dtk 353 SEL 48.0nm Trk 353 tae 000 3. Press SEL to start field selection. Turn the Large knob to the desired field. Dtk 353 48.0nm Trk 353 tae 000 4.
System Functions 3. Turn the Small knob to select Auto or Manual Magnetic Variation and then press ENT. ENT Mag Variation: Manual 180E 4. If you selected Manual Magnetic Variation, turn the Large knob to move to the variation value field. Mag Variation: Manual 18 5. Select the variation value with the Small knob. Mag Variation: ENT Manual 190E 6. Turn the Large knob to move to the E or W direction field. Turn the Small knob to select E or W and then press ENT.
System Functions 3. Turn the Small knob to select the speed value, “At Power On,” or “OFF” and then press ENT. ENT Direct-To Entry Options When you use Direct-To, the Active flight plan (and the From, To, Next information) is automatically updated.
System Functions Direct-To Entry Option setting when it is powered up. SYS 1. Press the SYS key. Turn the Large knob to reach the Direct-To page and then press SEL. Direct-To Never Clears Active SEL 2. Turn the Small knob to select “May Clear” or “Never Clears” and then press ENT. ENT Direct-To May Clear Active CDI Scaling The CDI Scaling option allows you to select manual or automatic full scale deflection of the internal CDI. Manual full scale deflection options include: 0.30 nm, 1.00 nm, and 5.
System Functions 4. Turn the Small knob to select the distance value and then press ENT. ENT System Information SYS CDI Scaling: Manual ##### 1.00nm The System Information area provides the following pages: Date and Time, Software and Database Version, Display test, and Owner Info. Date and Time 1. Press the SYS key. Turn the Large knob to reach the System Information function and press ENT. You cannot change the values in Simulator mode.
System Functions 7. Turn the Large knob to move to the Time-Hours value. Turn the Small knob to choose the hours. 15 JUN 97 20:24 UTC 8. Turn the Large knob to move to the Time-Minutes value. Turn the Small knob to choose the minutes. 15 JUN 97 ENT 20:24 UTC 9. After completing your entries, press ENT.
System Functions 4. Turn the Small knob cw one click to view the GPS Software Version page. GPS Sensor SW: x.x PN:123456789 5. Turn the Small knob cw one click to view the Display Software Version page. Display SW Version: X.X 6. Turn the Small knob cw one click to view the Com Radio Software Version page (SL60 only). COMM Software Version: X.
System Functions 1. In the System function, turn the Large knob to reach the Owner Information page. Owner: WILBUR WRIGHT Y 2. Turn the Small knob to view the Owner Information. Address: 2345 TURNER RD SE SEL 3. Start editing by pressing SEL. User Must First Enter Password.. 4. The password entry page is then ready. Select the characters with the Small knob and move to the next character to the right by turning the Large knob cw.
System Functions 7. Select the characters with the Small knob and move to the next character to the right by turning the Large knob cw. Press ENT to save the information. ENT 8. Turn the Small knob to go to the next Owner Information page you want to edit. SEL ENT GPS Sensor 9. Press SEL to start editing. 10. Select the characters with the Small knob and move to the next character to the right by turning the Large knob cw. Press ENT to save the information.
System Functions 4. Turn the Small knob again to view the GPS Satellite Status, Elevation, SNR, and Azimuth page. Turn the Small knob to view information about each available satellite.
Comm Radio Operation Comm Radio Operation Power On/Off Volume This section introduces the basic operating details of the VHF Communications Transceiver portion of the Apollo SL60. Turn the Power/Volume control clockwise past the OFF detent. Turn the Power/Volume control clockwise to increase the volume level and counterclockwise to decrease volume. Small and Large Knobs The dual concentric knobs on the right side of the SL60 are used to select frequencies or other options.
Comm Radio Operation 2. Turn the Small knob to change the values in 25 kHz increments. The kHz selection range is between 000 and 975 kHz in 25 kHz steps. Note that only two digits are displayed to the right of the decimal point. 119.80 s122.30 Brg 353 46.3nm Turn the Large and Small knobs clockwise to increase and counterclockwise to decrease the frequency values. Standby frequency selection is not inhibited during transmit. 119.80 s122.40 Brg 353 46.
Comm Radio Operation Recalling a Frequency The SL60 can access several areas of stored frequencies. The SL60 can access airport frequencies from its database of: TO, FROM, INFO, automatically stored active, User stored, weather, and emergency frequencies. SEL TO Frequencies FROM Frequencies INFO Frequencies Auto Stored List (AUTO) User Memory (USER) Freq 1 Freq 1 Freq 1 Freq 1 Freq 1 Freq 15 Freq 15 Freq 15 Freq 10 Freq 10 SEL Weather Emerg. Channel 1.
Comm Radio Operation 2. Turn the Large knob to select the frequency type. Turn the Small knob to display the available frequencies. The waypoint identifier, type, and frequency are displayed. 119.80 s121.30 ENT SLE atis 124.55 3. Press ENT to move the database frequency into the Standby frequency position. 119.80 s124.55 SLE atis 124.55 or Press the Flip/Flop key to move it into the Active position. 124.55 s121.30 SLE atis 124.
Comm Radio Operation Auto Stored Frequencies (Auto) The SL60 keeps track of the last ten Active frequencies and stores them in a stack. When a new frequency is used, it becomes number one on the stack and the old number ten frequency is removed. Each time a new Active frequency is used, the last (tenth) frequency is automatically dropped off the list. Duplicate frequencies are not stored; one instance of the selected frequency does become Freq 1 on the list.
Comm Radio Operation User Stored Frequencies When you press the ENT key the Standby frequency is stored in User memory. The SL60 stores the last ten frequencies selected by the user. The next time a new User frequency is stored, the last (tenth) frequency is automatically dropped off the list. Duplicate frequencies are not stored. ENT 1. Press ENT to prepare to store the Standby frequency. 119.80 s121.30 ENT 3. Press ENT again to store the displayed frequency. 119.80 s121.30 SEL Store 121.300? 121.
Comm Radio Operation Weather Channels The standard weather channels are stored in the memory of the SL60. You cannot transmit on a weather channel frequency. ENT 1. Press ENT and then turn the Large knob to display the Weather channel memory. 119.80 s121.30 weather 162.40Y 2. Then, turn the Small knob to view the available weather channels. Weather Frequencies 162.400 MHz 162.425 MHz 162.450 MHz 162.475 MHz 162.500 MHz 162.525 MHz 162.550 MHz Emergency Channel The standard emergency channel (121.
Comm Radio Operation Intercom Function When two headphone and microphone jacks are connected to the SL60, these headsets can be used as a voice-activated intercom. When you select the Intercom function with the installed selector switch, the intercom function is enabled. The Volume control will control the headphone listening level. The receive function will automatically become active when a signal is detected. Frequency monitoring will be disabled when the intercom is selected.
Introduction to GPS Navigation Introduction to GPS Navigation GPS Overview The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of 24 satellites in six orbit lanes 10,898 nautical miles above the earth at an inclination angle of about 55 degrees from the equator. Each satellite orbits the earth twice in 24 hours. The GPS was developed and the satellites launched by the U.S. Department of Defense with the original intent of supplying highly accurate position fix information for military applications.
Introduction to GPS Navigation receives this data stream and processes the information to determine which satellites are “visible” to the receiver’s antenna. With this determination made, the receiver chooses satellites to calculate a position fix. Using information transmitted from three or more satellites, the unit can calculate latitude and longitude (usually abbreviated Lat/Lon); with four or more satellites, GPS altitude can also be calculated.
Start Up Displays Start Up Displays The Start Up Sequence runs each time the unit is powered on. Until the Start Up Sequence is completed, no other editing or mode selections work. The Start Up Sequence varies between units due to installation differences. The initial start up message is displayed for about three seconds. Apollo SL60 Owner Message By II Morrow If the owner name has been previously entered (in System Mode), this page with your name is displayed for three seconds.
Start Up Displays Software Memory Test This is a checksum test of the code memory region. The following screen is displayed for the duration of this test. Software Test In Progress... If the checksum passes, the next screen is displayed for two seconds. Software Test Passed Failure to pass the software checksum test indicates that the software memory is corrupted. The GPS board will not continue operation when the following screen is displayed.
Start Up Displays Non-Volatile RAM Tests The non-volatile RAM validation code does the following checks every time the unit is powered up. Any tests which detect a failure reset the failed values. Generally, the non-volatile RAM test pages are not displayed, since in most cases the tests pass. User Database Memory Failure User waypoint checksums exist for each User waypoint. If the checksums do not match, the User waypoint is deleted.
Start Up Displays Miscellaneous NVRAM Memory Failure All other user input values which are held in non-volatile RAM are checked for validity, producing the following message if any of the values needed to be reset. Memory Test Failed: Press ENT If the memory checksum test fails, both the COM board and the GPS board continue to function. Database Test This checksum test compares the stored database checksum with the calculated database checksum.
Start Up Displays Special Use Airspace Displays This display indicates whether Airspace Alerts have been selected. Airspace Alrts OFF: SEL to Reset Database Message This page shows the database name and expiration date. If the database has expired, the message “Press ENT” will flash. Press ENT to continue operation. Americas DB IFR Output Tests mm/dd/yy A series of tests covering connections for IFR flight are tested if your Apollo SL50/60 has been installed for IFR flight.
Start Up Displays Notes 96
Message Function Message Function Message function is responsible for warning the user of changing conditions which require immediate attention. When a new message exists, the MSG annunciator flashes on and off approximately twice per second, until either the user views the new message, or the condition causing the message goes away. If multiple messages exist, the annunciator continues to flash until all new messages have been viewed.
Message Function New Messages MSG The New Message page shows how many new messages are stored. 1. Press MSG. Turn the Large knob to switch between Old and New messages. 2. Turn the Small knob to view each message. Old Messages MSG The Old Message page shows how many old messages are stored. 1. Press MSG. Turn the Large knob to switch between Old and New messages. 2. Turn the Small knob to view each message.
Message Function Close This condition occurs when the airspace is less than 2 nm (or user-selected limit in System Mode, see page 65). Within 2 nm SUNDANCE Inside This condition occurs when the plane penetrates the airspace. Inside NORTON AFB Empty To Waypoint: Cannot Compute Nav Anytime the current To waypoint is empty, this message is generated. It becomes an old message after viewing.
Message Function GPS Self Test Failure If the GPS self-test fails, a message displays indicating the cause of the failure in four hex digits. It becomes an old message after viewing. GPS Self Test Failure: 1FFF GPS Sensor Lat/Lon Failure When the GPS sensor cannot compute the latitude and longitude, the following message displays. It becomes an old message after viewing. GPS Cannot Compute Lat/Lon GPS RAIM Not Available When RAIM detection is not available for the GPS sensor, a warning is generated.
Message Function GPS HDOP Position Error When the HDOP for the GPS sensor exceeds current flight phase HDOP requirements, a warning is generated. The current flight phase is displayed first (either Terminal or Enroute). It becomes an old message after viewing. Terminal GPS HDOP Position Error Arrival At the To Waypoint The arrival message is generated when within 36 seconds of arrival at the current To waypoint. It is cleared after viewing it; it does not become an old message after viewing.
Message Function To Waypoint Sequence When a waypoint sequence occurs and the user has not viewed the arrival alert, the following alert is provided if you are traveling faster than 5 knots (this reduces the chance of nuisance alerts). The new waypoint, bearing and desired track are provided. This message does not become an old message after viewing.
Message Function Flight Plan Memory Loss This message indicates that one or more flight plans had a checksum error. This message is cleared after the message is viewed. Flt Plan Memory Loss: 1 Deleted User Memory Failure This message indicates that one or more user settings were not within valid limits at power-up and needed to be reset. This message is cleared after the message is viewed.
Message Function Manual Magnetic Variation This message indicates that magnetic variation is on a manual setting. This occurs when the database is not valid, or when the user selects manual magnetic variation in System Mode. It becomes an old message after being viewed. Using Manual Mag Var: 130 E Low Internal Battery Voltage This message is generated when low internal battery voltage is detected. It becomes an old message after being viewed. Battery voltage is checked every 15 seconds.
Flight Simulator Flight Simulator About the Flight Simulator Your Apollo SL50/60 is provided with a Flight Simulation program that allows you to “fly” your unit by simulating your ground speed. This section describes the procedures used to run the Flight Simulator, and re-install the unit. The Flight Simulator is programmed into your Apollo SL50/60 at the factory. Your Apollo must be removed from the front panel of your aircraft and connected to a power supply with the appropriate power cable.
Flight Simulator Starting the Flight Simulation The following procedure is used to start the flight simulation. It is recommended that you have a data card properly inserted into the data card slot so you can use the appropriate functions. 1. Remove the Apollo SL50/60 from the front panel of your aircraft. Use a 3/32” hex driver (p/n 998-0048 included with installation kit). Mounting Screw GPS/COMM 119.80 PULL SQUELCH A POLLO SL60 s121.50 BRG 210' 17.
Flight Simulator ENT 6. Press ENT to enter the displayed ground speed values and start the flight simulation. Simulation Ground Speed ENT 7. You will prompted to use or clear the previous Flight Plan. Turn the Small knob to choose Yes or No. Press ENT. If you do nothing, the Apollo SL50/60 will automatically retain the previous Flight Plan and switch to the Nav function.
Flight Simulator Notes 108
Troubleshooting Troubleshooting Contacting the Factory This section contains information to troubleshoot your Apollo GPS Receiver when improper operation is observed. The following table lists possible problems you could encounter while operating the unit. Examine the possible causes of the problem and take the action listed to correct the trouble. If you cannot correct the problem, contact your dealer. If your dealer is unavailable, contact the II Morrow factory at the address and phone number listed.
Troubleshooting Problem Unit does not power on Possible Cause Open in power supply circuit Faulty electrical wiring or connection 110 No GPS signal reception Obstructed signal path Search for nearest waypoints reveals too few or wrong types of waypoints Incorrect seed position, time, or UTC differential entered If using a wrong antenna: faulty external antenna, wiring, or connections Incorrect selection of waypoint types to show after search Position fix seems inaccurate Waypoints sequencing is erra
Glossary of Navigation Terms Glossary of Navigation Terms A Altitude (GPS ALT): Altitude, as calculated by the Apollo SL50/60, based upon a mathematical model of the earth’s surface curvature. A substantial difference between this altitude value and altitude referenced to sea level may exist. Almanac: Data transmitted by a GPS satellite including orbit information on all satellites, clock correction, and atmospheric delays.
Glossary of Navigation Terms Course Deviation: A measurement of distance left or right from the desired course of travel. Course Deviation Indicator (CDI): A graphic indicator of course deviation typically shown as a graduated horizontal bar with an icon indicating the deviation distance left or right of course. Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF) D Database: A collection of data structured in such a way as to allow quick and convenient access to any particular record or records.
Glossary of Navigation Terms Drift: Displacement from the intended course of travel. E Elevation: The angle of a GPS satellite above the horizon. Emergency Search: The function that allows to immediately navigate to the nearest airport in the case of an emergency. Ephemeris: A list of accurate positions or locations of a celestial object as function of time. Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) - The estimated time from your present position to the destination (TO) waypoint.
Glossary of Navigation Terms Ground (GRND): frequency Ground communication Ground Speed (GS): Speed of travel across the ground. In aviation, the relation between ground speed and air speed is affected by the prevailing winds. H HDOP: Horizontal Dilution of Precision. See Dilution Of Precision. Heading: The direction that the aircraft is pointing. I Identifier: A name, typically abbreviated, assigned to a waypoint. The identifier may consist of numbers and alpha characters, up to six in length.
Glossary of Navigation Terms magnetic lines concentrate. A magnetic compass points to the magnetic north. Magnetic Variation (Mag Var): The angle between the magnetic and true north. At various points on the earth it is different due to local magnetic disturbances. It is shown on charts as isogonic lines marked with degrees of variation, either east or west. These degrees must be added to or subtracted from the true course to get the magnetic course.
Glossary of Navigation Terms NAVSTAR: The name given to GPS satellites formed from the acronym for NAVigation System with Time And Ranging. Non-Directional Beacon (NDB): A low frequency/medium frequency navigation aid sending non-directional signals that can be used for navigation. O OBS: Omni-Bearing Selector. P Parallel Track Offset: A course that is parallel to the designated course, but offset to the right or left by a given distance. PDOP: Position Dilution of Precision. See Dilution of Precision.
Glossary of Navigation Terms Selective Availability (SA): The degradation of accuracy of GPS position fix data by the United States Department of Defense for civilian use. Space Vehicle (SV): A GPS satellite. Statute Mile: A distance measurement equal to 5,280 feet or 0.87 of a nautical mile. T Three-dimensional (3D) Position Fix: A position fix defined by latitude, longitude, and altitude. Track (TRK): The imaginary line that the flight path of an airplane makes over the earth.
Glossary of Navigation Terms Universal Transverse Mercator Map Projection System (UTM): Also known as Military Grid Coordinates, the UTM grid consists of 60 north-south/east-west zones, each six degrees wide in longitude. V Very High Frequency Omnirange (VOR): A navigational aid that transmits signals such that a receiver can indicate its current radial or bearing from the transmitter. VHF: Very High Frequency. The range of frequencies between 30 and 300 MHz.
INDEX Info62 A Key4 Airspace95 Sidetone level64 Buffers65 Signal strength63 Selections66 Software version63 Setup65 Airspace 96 Comm Radio81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88 Close99 Auto stack list85 Inside99 Frequency abbreviations84 Soon98 Intercom88 Altitude90 Annunciators3 Monitoring frequencies 82 Arriving at To wpt101 Recalling frequencies83 Autonav18, 67 B Bar graph20 Remote frequencies83 Battery voltage104 Squelch88 Bearing19 Stuc mic88 Selecting frequencies81 C User frequencies86
Date and Time75 Emergency search25, 41 Description Enter key5 Cross track distance21 Estimate ground speed57 Desired track22 Estimated time enroute19, 51, 52 Nav display19 Nav terms18 SL501 SL602 To-From switching21 Waypoint11 Desired track22 Direct-To15, 36, 53, 73 Key5 OBS36 Direct-To 15, 36, 53, 73 May Clear73 Never Clears73 Display2 Test77 Display software version77 Distance off track20 E E-Mailii Emergency channel87 Estimated time of arrival25, 51 F Facility name15 Factory109 Flight plan61 Act
Copy plan57 Health13 Delete plan58 Introduction89 Estimate ground speed 57 Position30 Reset80 Estimated fuel flow57 Satellites13, 80 Pages47 Signal strength13 Reactivate56 GPS 79, 80, 89 Rename56 Health79 Rev activate56 Time79 Reverse flight plan57 GPS software version77 Flight Simulation106 Flight simulator105, 106, 107, 108 Ground speed23 H History of Revisionsii Operation107 Hold35 Starting106 Flight time24, 72 Holding at To wpt101 I IFR output tests95 Flip/Flop key4 Info28, 37, 40, 59, 62,
Message5, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 Part numbersii Password78 Minimum enroute safe altitude 24 Password 7778 Minimum safe altitude24 PDOP30 Monitor3 Plus sign15 Multiple facilities40 N Navigation17, 65 Power Up9 R Range20 Customizing pages69 Reference Waypoint10, 26 Home page17 Reference Waypoint 10, 2611 Pages19, 70 Relative Bearing Indicator3 Navigation 17, 64 Remove unit from aircraft106 Empty To waypoint99 Runway length43 Programmable pages67 Runway limits27 Key4 Runway
Standby29 Next34 Standby 293 To34 Start up displays91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 Type32 User42, 44, 45, 46 Symbol User info38 Airplane20 VOR info38 System61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80 T Track angle23 Track angle error23 Waypoint 61, 90 Auto OBS crossing102 Comments46 To102 Transmit3 Weather channel87 Troubleshooting109, 110 U User database memory failure93 Web Pageii UTC time24 V Volume knob4 W Waypoint61, 90 Airport info37 Destination14, 59 Getting info
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